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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a human development

program of the national government that invests in the health and education of

poor households, particularly of children aged 0-14 years old or Pantawid Pamilya

is a government program that gives financial assistance or cash grants to the

poorest of the poor families to help them sustain their needs on health, nutrition

and education of children 0-14 years old.

The program has the following specific objectives: to improve preventive

health care among pregnant women and young children; to increase the

enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school; to reduce the incidence of

child labor; to raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor

households, and to encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital

through their nutrition, education, and participation in community activities.2

Aimed at providing social assistance and facilitating social development, it

claims to fulfill the country’s commitment to meet the five (5) Millennium

Development Goals (MDGs), namely: eradication of extreme poverty and hunger,

achievement of universal primary education, promotion of gender equality,

reduction of child mortality and improvement of maternal health.3

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) has created

systems to track the implementation of the program, namely: beneficiary update

systems, compliance verification systems, and grievance redress systems.4

The poorest households in the municipalities are selected through the

National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR)

implemented by the DSWD using the Proxy Means Test. This test determines the

socio-economic category of the families by looking at certain proxy variables

such as ownership of assets, type of housing, education of the household head,

livelihood of the family and access to water and sanitation facilities. The

beneficiaries were chosen because their family has small monthly income that is

not enough for the family; children aged 0-14 or a pregnant family member; and

agreed to comply with the conditions of the program.5

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To avail of the cash grants beneficiaries should comply with the following

conditions: pregnant women must avail pre- and post-natal care and be attended

during childbirth by a trained health professional; parents or guardians must

attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness

seminars; 0-5 year old children must receive regular preventive health check-ups

and vaccines; 3-5 year old children must attend day care or pre-school classes at

least 85% of the time and 6-14 year old children must enroll in elementary or high

school and must attend at least 85% of the time.6

A household beneficiary receives P6, 000 every year or P500 every month

as health and nutrition expenses and an additional P3, 000 for 10 months or P300

per month for education expenses of one child. In all, a household with three

qualified children receives as much as P1, 400 a month. The cash grant is given

every two months or six times a year. The program limits a household to a

maximum of three children. The cash grants are continuous for five years as long

as the household complies with the requirements. The cash grants shall be

received by the most responsible person in the household, usually the mother,

through a Land Bank cash card. In cases where payment through cash card is not

feasible, the beneficiaries shall be provided their cash grants through an

alternative payment scheme such as over-the-counter transactions from the

nearest Land bank branch or offsite payments through Land bank. Cash grants are

also released through other rural banks, Globe Remit, Phil post, First

Consolidated Bank and other Cooperative Financial Institutions (CFI) especially

in far-flung areas. However, the beneficiaries can graduate from the program

earlier if: a) there is no more 0-14 years old child in the family, b) the family has

been suspended because of non compliance, or c) the beneficiaries moved to a

new address that is not a Pantawid Pamilya area.7

The 4Ps is implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD) is responsible in social welfare and development programs

and services, along with cooperative partner agencies such as Department of

Education is accountable in education programs and services , Department of

Health is in charge in health programs and services, Department of Interior and

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Local Government is responsible also in peace and order, security of the people,

and enhances capability of local government units, National Anti – Poverty

Commission, National Commission and Indigenous People, National Economic

and Development Authority and Philippine Commission on women.8

The 4Ps areas in the Cordillera Administrative Region are Abra, Apayao,

Kalinga, Mt.Province, Ifugao, Baguio City and Benguet.9

Thus, the researcher find the necessity to evaluate the effectiveness of

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet; to

find out the perception of the parent- beneficiaries on the extent of attainment of

the 4Ps conditionalities; the extent of utilization of cash grants; and the level of

seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family

Development Sessions, the study can be utilize to effect further enhancement of

the program to improve the lives of its beneficiaries and can also help the

beneficiaries broaden their perspective in life.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program was patterned after the conditional

cash transfer programs in Latin American countries which have been proven

successful as poverty reduction and social development measure.10

The conditional cash transfer program is a government program that aims

to alleviate poverty. In the Philippines, the CCT is known locally as Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). The program was formally launched by

former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in November 2008, several months

after the government started to implement it in January 2008.11

In effort to combat poverty in the Philippines, Arroyo launched the project

in 2008. It was originally known as the National Sector Support for Social

Welfare Development Program (NSS-SWDP), a project conceptualized in 2006.12

The 4Ps became the flagship project of the Arroyo administration in

poverty reduction and social development by providing cash grants to the poorest

of the poor families. The Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD) was assigned to implement the program.13

In 2010, President Benigno Aquino III opted to continue the program

despite the criticisms raised by some members of the Philippine Congress.

Currently, around three million households are enrolled in the program. The

government hopes to aid nearly five million families living below the poverty line

by 2014.14

The Aquino administration plans to increase the budget for the program

from P34 billion this year to around P45 billion in 2013. In 2011, the program has

a P21.9 billion budget, almost double than the P12 billion allotted in 2010.15

As a daughter of a beneficiary, the researcher was motivated to conduct a

study on the perceptions of parent-beneficiaries towards the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet, and to be analyzed.

The framework consists of three (3) interrelated variables: independent

variable, dependent variables and moderator variables. Figure 1 shows the

relationship of these variables.

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http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Department_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development

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It also assumed that the perceptions of the respondents are influenced by

the gender such as male parent and female parent.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main focus of this study is to look into the perceptions of parent-

beneficiaries towards the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Cuba,

Kapangan, Benguet.

Figure1. Paradigm of the study

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Parent- Beneficiaries

Towards Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino

Program (4Ps) in Cuba,

Kapangan, Benguet,

Year 2012-2013.

- Extent of effectiveness

of 4Ps objectives.

- Extent of attainment of

the 4Ps conditionalities.

- Extent of utilization of

cash grants.

- Level of seriousness of

the factors that hinder

the respondents to

attend Family

Development Sessions

MODERATOR VARIABLE

Gender:

Male Parent

Female parent

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Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the extent of effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

(4Ps) objectives as perceived by the parents?

1.1 Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as

to the extent of effectiveness of the objectives along the moderator

variables of male parent and female parent?

2. What is the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities as perceived by the

respondents?


to the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities along the

moderator variables?

3. What is the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the respondents?


to the extent of utilization of cash grants along the moderator variables?

4. What is the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to

attend Family Development Sessions?

4.1 Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents

regarding the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the

respondents to attend Family Development Sessions along the moderator

variables?

HYPOTHESIS

The researcher will be guided by the following null hypothesis:

1. The objectives stated by the program are moderately effective as perceived by

the parents.

1.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents

as to the extent of effectiveness of the objectives along the moderator

variables of male parent and female parent.

2. The perceptions of the parents manifested moderately extent of the attainment

of the 4Ps conditionalities.

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as to the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities along the

moderator variables.

3. The extent of utilization of cash grants is very often as perceived by the

respondents.


as to the extent of utilization of cash grants along the moderator

variables.

4. The level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend

Family Development Sessions is not serious as perceived by the parents.




variables.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study deals with the perceptions of parent-beneficiaries towards the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet,year

2012-2013. The extent of effectiveness of the 4Ps objectives, the extent of

attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities, the extent of utilization of cash grants and

the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions

were the main topics of this study.

The study is limited to the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program parent-

beneficiaries of Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

The respondents were 79 parents in the aforementioned place. They are

delimited to answer the questions stated in the statement of the problem.

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this research study is to make a survey of the perceptions

of parent-beneficiaries towards the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in

Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

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The outcome of the study gives the parents with clarifications and

information for the development of the program. It can also serve as a guide to

improve the implementation of the program

The result of the study is beneficial to the researcher. As a daughter of a

beneficiary, she can learn from the result and can remind her parents to improve

or maintain the appropriate use of the program.

Finally, though this study may not be comprehensive, it can be used by

future researchers to investigate or conduct related problems for improvement or

search for a solution.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Benefit. It is something that has a good effect or promotes well-being.16

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Beneficiary. It refers to someone who is eligible to receive distributions from

a trust, will or life insurance policy.17

Beneficiary Update System. Is to gather, validate, report and record the

changes that have occurred on the status or condition of any member of

the beneficiary household while under the program.18

Child labor. It is the employment of children of less than a legally specified

age.19

Combat. Is to fight or contend against; oppose vigorously.20

Compliance Verification System. This is a system that monitors how faithfully

the beneficiaries comply with the conditions set by the 4Ps program.21

Concede. It means acknowledge as true, just, or proper.22

Decency. It is a behavior or an attitude that conforms to the commonly accepted

standards of what is right and respectable.23

Elite. It refers to a small group of people within a larger group who have more

power, social standing, wealth, or talent than the rest of the group.24

Encumber. It means to hamper or impede somebody or something.25

Exhaustion. It is the process of using up the entire stock or contents of

something.26

Expenditure . It is the consuming or using up of something.27

Fish. Is to try to obtain something.28

Grant. It is a sum of money given by the government or some other organization

to fund such things as education or research.29

Grievance. It is any condition, circumstance or expression of dissatisfaction

seriously affecting an individual or group related to the project.30

Grievance Redress System. It is a mechanism, or set of procedures and

processes, to be used as a means to address and resolve issues and

complaints related to project implementation.31

Handicap. It is something that hinders or is a disadvantage to somebody or

something.32

Hesitate. It means to be slow in doing something, or pause while doing or

saying something, often because of uncertainty or reluctance.33

Perception. It is an attitude or understanding based on what is observed or

thought.34

Program. It is a plan of action for achieving something.35

Proxy. It is the agency, function, or power of a person authorized to act as the

deputy or substitute for another.36

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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents a brief discussion of the research design, population

of the study, data gathering procedures, research instrument, validity and

reliability of the instruments, statistical treatment of data, and statistical tool.

RESEARCH DESIGN

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The descriptive survey method of research was used since its goal is to

describe and compare the extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program objectives, the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program conditionalities, the extent of utilization of cash grants, and the level of

seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family

Development Sessions as perceived by respondents in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

POPULATION OF THE STUDY

The population of the study involved the male parents and female parents

in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet,year 2012 -2013.The respondents were categorized

according to gender.

The table one (1) presents the population of the study according to gender.

The table presents that out of the seventy nine (79) respondents, thirty four

(34) were male parents and forty five (45) were female parents of the

aforementioned place.

Table 1. Population of the Study

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male Parents 34 43%

Female Parents 45 57%

Total 79 100%

http://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/4ps-systems/update-system

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/beneficiary.asp

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CUBA

Figure 2. Map of Kapangan Showing the Location of Cuba

http://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/

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DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

The researcher asked permission from the person in authority before

piloting the questionnaire to the respondents. The researcher distributed and

retrieved the said questionnaire from the respondents.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

A questionnaire was used as a tool in gathering data to answer the

questions that the researcher wanted them to answer.

The instruments were divided into four (4) parts excluding the personal

information of the respondents. The personal information was the name and the

gender to determine whether it is male or female. The first part includes the extent

of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives. The second

part includes the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program conditionalities. The third part includes the extent of utilization of cash

grant and the fourth part includes the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder

the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT

The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested in Balakbak,

Kapangan, Benguet. The researcher asked permission to the person in authority

and to the respondents. The researcher also asked permission and clarifications to

her subject teacher. The respondents were seventy four (74) parents. For the first

piloting the researcher personally handed the questionnaire to the respondents and

for the second piloting it was distributed by the parent leader during the meeting.

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STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

All the data gathered were tallied, organized, tabulated, and presented in

tables. The result were analyzed and interpreted by the way of ranking and

weighted mean.

Numerical Equivalent54321

Statistical Limit 4.21 - 5.0

3.41 - 4.202.61- 3.401.81- 2.601.0 – 1.80

Descriptive RatingVery Much Effective

Much EffectiveModerately Effective

Slightly EffectiveNot Effective

Symbol(VME)(ME)(MdE)(SE)(NE)

To quantify the responses, the five-point rating scale was used as shown

below.


Statistical Limit4.21 - 5.03.41 - 4.202.61- 3.401.81- 2.601.0 – 1.80

Descriptive RatingVery Much Attained

Much AttainedModerately Attained

Less AttainedNot Attained

Symbol(VMA)(MA)(MdA)(LA)(NA)



Descriptive RatingVery SeriousQuite Serious

Moderately SeriousLess SeriousNot Serious

Symbol(VS)(QS)

(MdS)(LS)(NS)



Descriptive RatingAlways

Very OftenOften

SeldomNever

Symbol(A)

(VO)(O)(S)(N)

STATISTICAL TOOL

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The T - test was used to determine the significant differences of the

perceptions of the respondents along the moderator variable of gender.

The formula is

t=X 1−¿X 2

√¿¿¿¿¿

Where: X1 = Mean of Male X2 = Mean of Female SD1 = Variance of the Mean of Male

SD2 = Variance of the Mean of Female N = Number of cases of each group df = Degree of freedom

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS

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This chapter deals with the presentation and interpretation of the findings

made by the researcher. Its main purpose is to look into the perceptions of male

and female parent-beneficiaries towards the program.

The presentation and interpretation of the findings covered each of the

specific problems of the study.

Specifically, it answers these questions:

I. Extent of effectiveness of PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM

objectives

II. Extent of attainment of the PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO

PROGRAM conditionalities

III. Extent of utilization of cash grants

IV. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend

Family Development Sessions.

Differences in the perceptions of the respondents along the moderator

variables are also dealt in this chapter.

Table 2. General perceptions of male and female respondents on the

extent of effectiveness of the objectives of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program.

N = 34

4Ps Objectives VME5

ME4

MdE3

SE2

NE1

AWM R

1.Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children

59(295)

14(56)

4(12)

0(0)

2(2)

4.62 1

2.Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school

51(255)

21(84)

7(21)

0(0)

0(0)

4.56 3

3.Reduce the incidence of child labor

4.Raise the average consumption rate in

41(205)

44(220)

25(10013

(52)

12(36)18

(54)

1(2)3

(6)

0(0)0

(0)

4.34

4.20

4

5

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food expenditure of poor households5.Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities

54(270)

19(76)

6(18)

0(0)

0(0)

4.61 2

Mean 4.47

Table two (2) presents the perceptions of male and female respondents on

the effectiveness of the objectives of PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO

PROGRAM.

Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young

children is the first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.62. This

shows that there is improvement with regards to the health of the mothers and

children.

Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through

investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community

activities is the second in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.61.

According to them they took good care of their children’s health and education

and they adapted better living practices.

Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school ranks

third with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.56. This program let the

parents send their children to school because of the aid given to them and the

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) monitors them.

Reduce the incidence of child labor is fourth in rank with an average

weighted mean (AWM) of 4.34. This reveals that many children are go to school

hence reduces the incidence of child labor.

Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor

households is last in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.20. This

implies that even though there is aid from the program it does not mean that it can

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feed all the members of the family thus, it does not raise the average consumption

rate in food expenditure of poor households

Table 3. Extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program conditionalities as perceived by the male and female respondents.

N = 34

4Ps Conditionalities VMA5

MA4

MdA3

LA2

NA1

AWM R

1.Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional

61(305)

9(36)

7(21)

2(4)

0(0)

4.631.5

2.Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parenteffectiveness seminars

55(275)

19(76)

5(15)

0(0)

0(0)

4.631.5

3.The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines

65(325)

12(48)

2(6)

0(0)

0(0)

4.802

4.The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time

64(320)

10(40)

5(15)

0(0)

0(0)

4.753

5.Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time

72(360)

6(24)

1(3)

0(0)

0(0)

4.901

Mean 4.74

Table three (3) shows the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the male and female

respondents. As show in the table almost all of the conditionalities were VMA.

Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend

at least 85%of the time is first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of

4.90. This implies that most of the children enrolled maintain their attendance.

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The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check-

ups and vaccines. This indicator ranks number two (2) with an average weighted

mean (AWM) of 4.80. This implies that the children availed

immunization/preventive health check-up.

The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes

at least 85% of the time is third in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM)

of 4.75. They need to accompany their children to school to attain their classes

with at least 85%.

Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during

childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional; parents or guardians must

attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness

seminars are both rank 1.5 with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.63. This

shows that the pregnant women visited health centers for preventive check-up and

health care and the respondents complied with the condition of the program.

Table 4. Extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the male and

female parent respondents.

N = 34

Needs and Wants

A5

VO4

O3

S2

N1

AWM R

1. Food 66(330)

7(28)

6(18)

0(0)

0(0)

4.76 1

2. Medicines 15(75)

17(68)

31(93)

16(32)

0(0)

3.39 3

3. Water 22(110)

2(8)

2(6)

6(12)

47(47)

2.32 6

4. Clothes 19(95)

2(8)

6(18)

16(32)

36(36)

2.39 5

5.Transportations 3(15)

2(8)

17(51)

19(38)

26(26)

1.75 7

6. Shoes 1(5)

4(16)

6(18)

10(20)

58(58)

1.48 9

7. Sandals 0(0)

5(20)

7(21)

15(30)

52(52)

1.56 8

8. Slippers 16(80)

14(56)

25(75)

19(38)

5(5)

3.22 4

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9. School supplies 59(295)

13(52)

2(6)

3(6)

2(2)

4.57 2

10. Toys 0(0)

4(16)

3(9)

13(26)

59(59)

1.39 11

11. Dolls 1(5)

4(16)

3(9)

14(28)

57(57)

1.46 10

Mean 2.57

Table four (4) presents the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived

by the male and female parent respondents.

First in rank is food with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.76. This

implies that the respondents spend the grant money wisely for food necessities.

Second in rank are school supplies with an average weighted mean

(AWM) of 4.57. This shows that the respondents utilize the cash grant for the

education of their children.

Third in rank is medicines with an average weighted mean (AWM) of

3.39. This shows that the respondents used the money wisely but they need to take

good care of their health in order not to get sick.

Fourth in rank is slippers with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 3.22.

This implies that the children of the respondents were usually using slippers for

the protection of their feet.

Fifth in rank is clothes with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.39.

Some respondents said that they buy clothes if it is very necessary.

Last in rank is toys with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.39. This

reveals that the respondents spend only the grant money for the health and

education of the children.

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N = 34

Factors VS5

QS4

MdS3

LS2

NS1

AWM R

1.Poor Vision 4(20)

9(36)

11(33)

1(26)

42(42)

1.99 2

2.Poor Hearing 3(15)

7(28)

11(33)

12(24)

46(46)

1.85 4

3.Too much engagement of activities

16(80)

16(64)

9(27)

7(14)

31(31)

2.73 1

4.Sickly 7(35)

1(4)

10(30)

11(22)

50(50)

1.78 5

5.Insecurity 1(5)

5(20)

5(15)

13(26)

55(55)

1.53 9

6.Shyness 2(10)

4(6)

9(27)

9(18)

55(55)

1.59 7

7.Easily get bored 3(15)

2(8)

7(21)

11(22)

56(56)

1.54 8

8.Low intelligence 2(10)

3(12)

9(27)

12(24)

53(53)

1.59 7

9.Weather 4(20)

9(36)

13(39)

3(6)

50(50)

1.91 3

Mean 1.83Table 5. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to

attend the Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male and female

parent respondents.

Table five (5) shows the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the

respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male and


Too much engagement of activities with an average weighted mean

(AWM) of 2.73. This implies that the respondents have many works to do but

they find time to attend Family Development Sessions.

Poor vision is rank number two (2) with an average weighted (AWM) of

1.99. The respondents should eat foods with vitamin A, C, E and minerals

because these are essential for good eyesight.

22

The third in rank is weather with an average weighted mean (AWM) of

1.91. The respondents should attend the FDS even though the weather is not good

in order to learn something.

The fourth is poor hearing with an average weighted mean (AWM) of

1.85. The respondents have poor hearing should see a doctor to make sure that

they do not have an ear infection.

The lowest in rank is insecurity with an average weighted mean (AWM)

of 1.53. Some of the respondents said that even though they felt insecurity they

attend Family Development Sessions.

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Table 6. Extent on the effectiveness of the objectives of Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program as perceived by the male parent respondents.

N = 34

4Ps Objectives VME5

ME4

MdE3

SE2

NE1

AWM R


23(115)

7(28)

3(9)

0(0)

1(1)

4.5 2


21(105)

8(32)

5(15)

0(0)

0(0)

4.47 3

3.Reduce the incidence of child labor 19

(95)10

(40)4

(12)1

(2)0

(0)4.38 4

4.Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households

18(90)

4(16)

9(27)

2(4)

0(0)

4.03 5

5.Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities

24(120)

8(32)

2(6)

0(0)

0(0)

4.65 1

Mean 4.41

Table six (6) presents the perceptions of male parents on the effectiveness

of the objectives of PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM.



activities is the first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.65). This

shows that the parents were encouraged to invest in their children’s human

capital.

24


children is second in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.5). This

implies that the program improves health among pregnant women and young

children.


third with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.47. This reveals that the

enrollment and attendance rate in school were increased.

Reduce the incidence of child labor is fourth in rank with an average

weighted mean (AWM) of 4.38. The parents can now provide the needs of their

children and that they are not pushed to work.

Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor

households is last in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.03. They

have some other expenditure since their children go to school.


Program conditionalities as perceived by the male parent respondents.

N = 34


MA4

MdA3

LA2

NA1

AWM R


27(135)

2(8)

4(12)

1(2)

0(0)

4.625

2.Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parenteffectiveness seminars

24(120)

9(36)

1(3)

0(0)

0(0)

4.684


30(150)

4(16)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

4.881

4.The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes

28(140)

3(12)

3(9)

0(0)

0(0)

4.743

25

at least 85% of the time5.Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time

29(145)

5(20)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

4.852

Mean 4.75

Table seven (7) shows the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the male parent respondents. As

show in the table almost all of the conditionalities were VMA.

The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check-

ups and vaccines. This indicator ranks number one (1) with an average weighted

mean (AWM) of 4.88. This implies that the children availed

immunization/preventive health check-up.


at least 85%of the time. This indicator is number two (2) with an average

weighted mean (AWM) of 4.85. This reveals that most of the children enrolled in

elementary and high school maintain their attendance rate of at least 85%.


at least 85% of the time. This indicator ranks (3) with an average weighted mean

(AWM) of 4.74. They need to accompany their children to school to attain their

classes with at least 85%.

Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions,

mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars. This indicator ranks four (4)

with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.15. This is important to enhance

more knowledge about their responsibilities as partners of the government in

improving their families’ standard of living.


childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional. This indicator is number five

(5) with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.62. This shows that the pregnant

women visited health centers for preventive check-up and health care. According

to http://www.shopdeltalabs.com/1 prenatal and postnatal care are equally

http://www.shopdeltalabs.com/

http://www.studymode.com/

26

important for the mother. Post natal care is likewise necessary to ensure that no

complications have developed in the woman after childbirth.

Table 8. Extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the male

parent respondents.

N = 34

Needs and Wants A5

VO4

O3

S2

N1

AWM R

1. Food 30(150)

3(12)

1(3)

0(0)

0(0)

4.85 1

2. Medicines 8(40)

7(28)

15(45)

4(8)

0(0)

3.56 3

3. Water 9(45)

1(4)

0(0)

3(6)

21(21)

2.24 5

4. Clothes 5(25)

0(0)

3(9)

10(20)

16(16)

2.06 6


0(0)

5(15)

7(14)

20(20)

1.74 7

6. Shoes 0(0)

1(4)

3(9)

6(12)

24(24)

1.44 9

7. Sandals 0(0)

2(8)

3(9)

4(8)

25(25)

1.47 8

8. Slippers 8(40)

1(4)

10(30)

11(22)

4(4)

2.94 4

9. School supplies 27(135)

4(16)

1(3)

2(4)

0(0)

4.65 2

10. Toys 0(0)

1(4)

2(6)

6(12)

25(25)

1.38 11

11. Dolls 0(0)

1(4)

2(6)

7(14)

24(24)

1.41 10

Mean 2.52

Table eight (8) presents the extent of utilization of cash grants as

perceived by the male parent respondents.

First in rank is food with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.85.

According to suven.hubpages.com2 food plays very vital role in maintaining

proper health and also helps in prevention and cure of diseases.

27

Second in rank are school supplies with an average weighted mean

(AWM) of 4.65. This also shows that they utilize the cash grant for the needs of

the children in school.

Third in rank is medicines with an average weighted mean (AWM) of

3.56. According to them the reason is because of climate change and their

children insist to play dust in their surroundings so they easily get sick.

Fourth in rank is slippers with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.94.

According to them slippers now were easily destroyed and flatten compared to

slippers before that will last long.

Fifth in rank is water with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.24.

This implies that the water in the barangay is clean and safe to drink. According

to them they will only buy water if they will go out or they will go to other places.

According to http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jennifer_Alinio3 water is one of

the most essential elements to good health -- it is necessary for the digestion and

absorption of food; helps maintain proper muscle tone; supplies oxygen and

nutrients to the cells; rids the body of wastes; and serves as a natural air

conditioning system.

Last in rank is toys with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.38.

According to http://www.myspace.com/jenniferdolls4 by dressing and feeding

dolls and toys, children enhance fine-motor skills. By assuming roles and

interacting with other children, they practice language and social skills, including

sharing, cooperation, helping, and problem solving. They learn the different roles

people play and begin to see their own place in the world.

http://www.myspace.com/jenniferdolls

http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jennifer_Alinio3

28

N = 34

Factors VS5

QS4

MdS3

LS2

NS1

AWM R

1.Poor Vision 3(15)

3(12)

2(6)

7(14)

19(19)

1.94 2.5

2.Poor Hearing 2(10)

2(8)

4(12)

5(10)

21(21)

1.79 5

3.Too much engagement of activities

10(50)

3(12)

5(15)

4(8)

12(12)

2.85 1

4.Sickly 5(25)

0(0)

4(12)

4(8)

21(21)

1.94 2.5

5.Insecurity 0(0)

2(8)

2(6)

3(6)

27(27)

1.38 9

6.Shyness 1(5)

0(0)

4(12)

4(8)

25(25)

1.47 7.5


1(4)

5(15)

4(8)

23(23)

1.62 6


1(4)

3(9)

3(6)

26(26)

1.47 7.5

9.Weather 2(10)

3(12)

6(18)

1(2)

22(22)

1.88 4

Mean 1.82Table 9. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to

attend the Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male parent

respondents.

Table nine (9) shows the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the

respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male

parent respondents.

Too much engagement of activities with an average weighted mean

(AWM) of 2.85. According to some they engage in many works so sometimes

they don’t finish their work but they attend Family Development Sessions.

Ranking both second are poor vision and sickly with a respective average

weighted mean (AWM) of 1.94. According to them they cannot read the topics

being discussed to them under these poor conditions.

29

The fourth in rank is weather with an average weighted mean (AWM) of

1.88. This reveals that they cannot adapt with the climate change and poor

weather to attend the seminar or training scheduled.

The fifth is poor hearing with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.79.

According to most respondents they have no problem in their sense of hearing.

The lowest or the ninth in rank is insecurity with an average weighted

mean (AWM) of 1.38. This shows that a feeling of insecurity was not a hindrance

for them to attend Family Development Sessions.

Table 10. Extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by the female parent respondents.

N = 45

4Ps Objectives VME5

ME4

MdE3

SE2

NE1

AWM R


36(180)

7(28)

1(3)

0(0)

1(1)

4.71 1


30(150)

13(52)

2(6)

0(0)

0(0)

4.62 2


22(110)

15(60)

8(24)

0(0)

0(0)

4.31 4


26(130)

9(36)

9(27)

1(0)

0(0)

4.28 5


30(150)

11(44)

4(12)

0(0)

0(0)

4.58 3

Mean 4.5

30

Table ten (10) shows the extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by the female parent respondents.


children is first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.71. With the

program there is improvement with regards to their health.

Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school is

second with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.62. The population of the

children enrolled in school increased.



activities ranks third with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.58. According

to them they were encouraged to invest for the good of their children.

Reduce the incidence of child labor is fourth with an average weighted

mean (AWM) of 4.31. This implies that even the program was not yet

implemented in the place; the incidence of child labor was reduced because

parents send their children in school.

Last in rank is raise the average consumption rates in food expenditure of

poor households with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.22 which

corresponds to very much effective (VME). According to them there was no

change in the way they eat.


Program conditionalities as perceived by the female parent respondents.

N = 45


MA4

MdA3

LA2

NA1

AWM R


34(170)

7(28)

3(9)

1(2)

0(0)

4.64 4

2.Parents or guardians

31

must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars

31(155)

10(40)

4(12)

0(0)

0(0)

4.6 5


35(175)

8(32)

2(6)

0(0)

0(0)

4.73 3

4. The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time

36(180)

7(28)

2(6)

0(0)

0(0)

4.76 2


43(215)

1(4)

1(3)

0(0)

0(0)

4.93 1

Mean 4.73

Table eleven (11) shows the extent of attainment of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the female parent

respondents.


at least 85% of the time. This indicator is rank (1) with an average weighted mean

(AWM) of 4.93. This implies that with the help of the program the children

attended their classes for at least 85% of the time.


at least 85% of the time. This indicator ranks second with an average weighted

mean (AWM) of 4.76. This reveals that the respondents supported and guided

their children in attending their classes.

The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines is third in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.73. The mothers should prioritize the health of their children.

32


childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional is fourth with an average

weighted mean (AWM) of 4.64. The result is VMA because pregnant women

visited health center and give birth at the health facility for the safety of the

mother and the child.

Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions,

mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness a seminar is rated very much attained

(VMA). According to them they attend Family Development Sessions so that

they will learn and improve their skills in responsible parenthood.

Table 12. Extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the female

parent respondents.

N = 45

Needs and Wants

A5

VO4

O3

S2

N1

AWM R

1.Food 36(180)

4(16)

5(15)

0(0)

0(0)

4.69 1

2.Medicines 7(35)

10(40)

16(48)

12(24)

0(0)

3.27 4

3.Water 13(65)

1(4)

2(6)

3(6)

26(26)

2.38 6

4.Clothes 14(70)

2(8)

3(9)

6(12)

20(20)

2.64 5


2(8)

12(36)

12(24)

6(6)

1.76 7

6.Shoes 1(5)

3(12)

3(9)

4(8)

34(34)

1.51 9

7.Sandals 0(0)

3(12)

4(12)

11(22)

27(27)

1.62 8

8.Slippers 8(40)

13(52)

15(45)

8(16)

1(1)

3.42 3

9.School supplies

32(160)

9(36)

1(3)

1(2)

2(2)

4.51 2

10.Toys 0(0)

3(12)

1(3)

7(14)

34(34)

1.4 11

11. Dolls 1(5)

3(12)

1(3)

7(14)

33(33)

1.49 10

33

Mean 2.61

Table twelve (12) shows the extent of utilization of cash grants as

perceived by the female parent respondents.

Food is the first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.69.

This implies that the respondents spend the cash grant for their survival.

School supplies is the second in rank with an average weighted mean

(AWM) of 4.51. This indicates that most of the mothers are aware to the needs of

their children in school.

Slippers rank three with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 3.42.

According to them their children use slippers all the time and the school-home

distance is far so their slippers are easily worn out.

Medicines is fourth in rank having an average weighted mean (AWM) of

3.27. This reveals that the respondents should take good care of their health.

Clothes rank fifth with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.64.

Clothes play an important role in our life but according to some parents clothes

are given to them by their relatives; they buy clothes as uniforms in school.

Toys rank last among the eleven indicators. It has an average weighted

mean (AWM) of 1.4. Most of the respondents perceived that they don’t like to

utilize the cash grant for luxuries instead they used it for their basic needs and for

the education of the children.

Table 13. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to

attend the Family Development Sessions as perceived by the female parent

respondents.

N = 45

Factors VS5

QS4

MdS3

LS2

NS1

AWM R

1.Poor Vision 1(5)

6(24)

9(27)

6(12)

23(23)

2.02 2

2.Poor Hearing 1(5)

5(20)

7(21)

7(14)

25(25)

1.89 4

3.Too much

34

engagement of activities

6(30)

13(52)

4(12)

3(6)

19(19)

2.64 1

4.Sickly 2(10)

1(4)

6(18)

7(14)

29(29)

1.67 7

5.Insecurity 1(5)

3(12)

3(9)

10(20)

28(28)

1.64 8

6.Shyness 1(5)

4(16)

5(15)

5(10)

30(30)

1.69 5.5


1(4)

2(6)

7(14)

33(33)

1.49 9


2(8)

6(18)

9(18)

27(27)

1.69 5.5

9.Weather 2(10)

6(24)

7(21)

2(4)

28(28)

1.93 3

Mean 1.85

Table thirteen (13) shows the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder

the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the


Too much engagement of activities rank number one (1) with an average

weighted mean (AWM) of 2.64. According to them they have many tasks to do

like taking care of all the details of housekeeping but they found time to attend

Family Development Sessions.

Poor vision is second in rank having an average weighted mean (AWM) of

2.02. This indicates that few of the respondents have a problem on their sense of

sight.

Weather with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.93. This reveals that

the respondents cannot adapt themselves with the climate change.

Poor hearing is fourth with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.89.

This shows that with poor hearing the respondents cannot hear what the speaker is

talking about.

Shyness and low intelligence of indicators six (6) and eight (8) are both

not serious (NS) having an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.69. According to

the respondents even though they are shy and have low intelligence these do not

hinder them to attend Family Development Sessions as required by the program.

35

Easily get bored is last in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of

1.49. This implies that the respondents are attentive and willing to participate

during trainings, seminars and meetings.

Table 14. Comparison on the extent of effectiveness of Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by respondents in Cuba,

Kapangan, Benguet.

N = 79

4Ps ObjectivesMale

Parents (34)

AWM

FemaleParents

(45)AWM

Overall(79)

AWM

D R


4.5 4.71 4.61 VME 2


4.47 4.62 4.55 VME 3


4.38 4.31 4.35 VME 4


4.03 4.28 4.16 VME 5


4.65 4.58 4.62 VME 1

Overall Mean 4.41 4.5 4.46 VME

Table fourteen (14) presents the comparison on the extent of effectiveness

of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by respondents

in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

This objective to: encourage parents to invest in their children’s human

capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in

36

community activities is rank one with an overall average weighted mean of 4.62.

The respondents were encouraged to invest on human capital to break the

intergenerational cycle of poverty among poor household.


children is rank second with an overall average weighted mean of 4.61 The

improvement of the health of pregnant women and young children are given

priorities of both respondents.


three (3) with an overall average weighted mean of 4.55. The enrollment and

attendance rate in school increased because both male and female parent

respondents implemented the objective as shown in their average weighted mean

(AWM) of 4.47 and 4.62 respectively.

Reduce the incidence of child labor ranks fourth with an overall average

weighted mean of 4.35. There is no child labor in the barangay unless the child

wants to work instead of going to school.

The 4Ps objective to: raise the average consumption rate in food

expenditure of poor households’ ranks fifth with an overall average weighted

mean of 4.16. There is not much change in food expenditure of every household.

Table 15. Comparison of the extent of attainment of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the respondents.

N = 79

4Ps ConditionalitiesMale

Parents (34)

AWM

FemaleParents

(45)AWM

Overall(79)

AWM

D R


4.62 4.64 4.63 VMA 5

2.Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and

4.68 4.6 4.64 VMA 4

37

parent effectiveness seminars


4.88 4.73 4.81 VMA 2


4.74 4.76 4.75 MdA 3


4.85 4.93 4.89 VMA 1

Overall Mean 4.75 4.73 4.74 VMA

Table fifteen (15) presents the comparison of the extent of attainment of

the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the

respondents.

As perceived by the male and female respondents these conditionalities in

their overall averages weighted mean (AWM) and their rank order are: children 6-

14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85% of the

time with an overall average weighted mean of 4.89, rank 1; The children 0-5

years old must receive regular preventive health check-ups and vaccines with an

overall average weighted mean of 4.81,rank 2; The children aged 3-5 years old

must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time with an overall

average weighted mean of 4.75, rank 3; Parents or guardians must attend

responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness

seminars with an overall average weighted mean of 4.64, rank 4; and Pregnant

women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a

skilled or trained health professional rank five (5) with an overall average

weighted mean of 4.63.

38

Table 16. Comparison of the extent of utilization of cash grants as

perceived by the respondents.

N = 79

Needs and WantsMale

Parents (34)AWM

FemaleParents (45)

AWM

Overall(79)

AWM

D R

1. Food 4.85 4.69 4.77 A 12. Medicines 3.56 3.27 3.42 VO 33. Water 2.24 2.38 2.31 S 64. Clothes 2.06 2.64 2.35 S 5

5. Transpor-tations

1.74 1.76 1.75 S 7

6. Shoes 1.44 1.51 1.48 N 97. Sandals 1.47 1.62 1.55 N 88. Slippers 2.94 3.42 3.18 O 49. School

supplies4.65 4.51 4.58 A 2

10. Toys 1.38 1.4 1.39 N 11 11. Dolls 1.41 1.49 1.45 N 10

Overall Mean 2.52 2.61 2.57 S

Table sixteen presents the comparison on the extent of utilization of cash

grants as perceived by the respondents.

First in rank is food with an overall average weighted mean of 4.77. The

money given to them was utilized to one of their basic needs which are given

importance by both parents.

Second in rank are school supplies with an overall average weighted mean

of 4.58. They utilize the cash grant for the school supplies meaning they realize

the importance of education which is also a basic need.

Medicines rank third with an overall average weighted mean of 3.42.

According to https://www.google.com.ph/5 medicine is considered a necessity to

all especially the children.

Slippers rank fourth with an overall average weighted mean of 3.18.

Slippers are essential for the protection of the feet from germs.

39

Clothes, water and transportations rank 5, 6, and 7 with an overall average

weighted mean of 2.35, 2.31 and 2.02 respectively. These are also necessities in

life. Water regulates body temperature and it is important to the mechanics of the

human body.

Sandals, shoes, dolls and toys rank 8, 9, 10 and 11 with an overall average

weighted mean of 1.55, 1.48, 1.39 and 1.28 respectively. The respondents

perceived that these may not be immediate necessities in life. Sandals and shoes

protect our feet from the external effects of weather as well as protect us against

other harmful substances.

According to http://one lovelivity.com/child of nature blog/6“A doll is an image of

a human being and is therefore the toy most suited to develop and enliven the

self-image in the growing child.”

Table 17. Comparison of the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder

the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the

respondents.

N = 79

FactorsMale

Parents (34)AWM

FemaleParents (45)

AWM

Overall(79)

AWM

D R

1. Poor Vision 1.94 2.02 1.98 LS 22. Poor Hearing 1.79 1.89 1.84 LS 43. Too much

engagement of activities

2.85 2.64 2.75 MdS 1

4. Sickly 1.94 1.67 1.81 LS 55. Insecurity 1.38 1.64 1.51 NS 96. Shyness 1.47 1.69 1.58 NS 6.57. Easily get

bored1.62 1.49 1.56 NS 8

8. Low intelligence

1.47 1.69 1.58 NS 6.5

9. Weather 1.88 1.93 1.91 LS 3Overall Mean 1.82 1.85 1.84 LS

40

Table 17 presents the comparison of the level of seriousness of the factors

that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived

by respondents.

The first in rank is too much engagement of activities with an overall

average weighted mean of 2.75. They should make schedule of their activities to

attend Family Development Sessions always.

The second in rank is poor vision with an overall average weighted mean

of 1.98. The poor vision should be remedied like going for consultation for

possible illness prevention or cure.

The third is weather with an overall average weighted mean of 1.91.

Climate or weather is not a serious factor because this can always be remedied.

The fourth is poor hearing with an overall average weighted mean of 1.84.

They should go near the speaker to be able to hear and comprehend.

The factor sickly ranks fifth with an overall average weighted mean of

1.81. There is no concentration if one person is not feeling well but he/she has to

go for medical treatment or cure.

Shyness, low intelligence, easily get bored and insecurity rank 6.5, 8 and 9

with an average weighted mean with an overall average weighted mean of 1.58,

1.58, 1.56 and 1.51 respectively. These are not hindrances in participating in

meetings and seminars as long as they have the interest and confidence.

Table 18. Shows the Summary of the T-Test on the perceptions of the

Male and Female Parents on the effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program objectives in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

Male (N) =34 Female (N) =45

Gender Mean Standard Deviation (SD)

41

Male 4.41 1.09

Female 4.5 0.2

t-ratio = 0.05 = 2.306 df = 8 t-ratio = 0.18

Decision = Hypothesis Accepted

To determine if there is a significant difference on the extent of

effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives of the male

and female parents the T-test was computed.

The computation shows that the t-ratio is 0.18 which is less than the table

value of 2.306 at a 0.05 level of significance. This implies that there is no

significant difference in the perception of the respondents on the extent of

effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang objectives; therefore the null hypothesis

is accepted.

Table 19. Shows the Summary of the T-Test on the extent of attainment of

the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Conditionalities according to the

gender.


Group Mean Standard Deviation (SD)

Male 4.75 0.10

Female 4.73 0.012

t-ratio = 0.05 = 2.306 df = 8 t-ratio = 0.33


T

T

42

To determine if there is significant difference on the extent of attainment

of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities of the male and

female parents the T-test was computed.

As shown in the table, the computed value of t-ratio is 0.33 which is less

than the table value of 2.306 at a 0.05 level of significance. In this connection, the

null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the perceptions of the

respondents as to the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities along the

moderator variable is accepted.

Table 20. Shows the Summary of the T-Test on the extent of utilization of

cash grants according to the gender.



Male 2.52 1.3

Female 2.61 1.18

t-ratio = 0.05 = 2.086 df = 20 t-ratio = 0.17


T

T

To determine if there is significant difference on the extent of utilization

of the cash grants of the male and female parents the T-test was computed.

The computed value of t-ratio is 0.17 which is less than the table value of

2.086 at a 0.05 level of significance. This means that there is no significant

difference in the perceptions of the respondents on the extent of utilization of the

cash grants; therefore the null hypothesis is accepted.

43

Table 21. Shows the Summary of the T-Test on the level of seriousness of

the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions

according to the gender.



Male 1.82 0.45

Female 1.85 0.35

t-ratio = 0.05 = 2.120 df = 16 t-ratio = 0.16


To determine if there is significant difference on the level of seriousness

of the factors that hinder the male and female parents to attend Family

Development Sessions the T-test was computed.

The t-ratio yield 0.16 which is less than the tabular value of 2.120 at a 0.05

level of significance. This reveals that there is no significance in the perceptions

of the respondents on the level of seriousness of the male and female parents;

therefore the null hypothesis is accepted.

44

ENDNOTES:1 http://www.shopdeltalabs.com/2suven.hubpages.com3 http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jennifer_Alinio4 http://www.myspace.com/jenniferdolls5 https://www.google.com.ph/6 http://one lovelivity.com/child of nature blog/

https://www.google.com.ph/




45

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions, and

recommendations offered by the researcher.

Summary

This study was conducted to determine the perceptions of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) parent-beneficiaries in Cuba, Kapangan,

Benguet, and year 2012-2013.

Answers to the following specific questions were sought:

1. What is the extent of effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

(4Ps) objectives as perceived by the parent-beneficiaries?


to the extent of effectiveness of the objectives along the variables of

male parent and female parent?

2. What is the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities as perceived by the

respondents?

46


to the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities along the

moderator variables?

3. What is the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the respondents?


to the extent of utilization of cash grants along the moderator variables?

4. What is the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to

attend Family Development Sessions?

4.1 Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents

regarding the factors that hinder them to attend Family Development

Sessions?

The researcher was guided by the following null hypothesis:

1. The objectives stated by the program are moderately effective as perceived by

the parent-beneficiaries.


as to the extent of effectiveness of the objectives along the variables of

male parent and female parent.

2. The perceptions of the parent-beneficiaries manifested moderately extent of the

attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities.




3. The extent of utilization of cash grants is very often as perceived by the

respondents.



variables.


Family Development Sessions is not serious.



47


variables.

This study was delimited to all the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

(4Ps) parent-beneficiaries in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet, year 2012-2013.

Data for this investigation were gathered with the use of questionnaire

which was pre-tested among the parent-beneficiaries of Balakbak, Kapangan,

Benguet.

Ranking and weighted mean were used by the researcher to describe the

extent of effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

objectives, extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities, extent of utilization of

cash grants and the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents

to attend Family Development Sessions.

The T-test was employed to determine the significant differences if any, in

the perceptions of the respondents along the moderator variables of the male and

female parents.

Findings

Extent of effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

objectives as perceived by the respondents.

The parent-beneficiaries in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet claimed that the

objectives of 4Ps was very much effective (VME) as evidenced by its mean of

4.45.In the light of the moderator variables of gender respondents did not show

significant differences in their perceptions.

Extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities as perceived by the respondents.

As asserted by the respondents, the 4Ps conditionalities are very much

attained (VMA) as manifested by its mean of 4.40. The moderator variables did

not affect the perceptions of the respondents under this area.

Extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the respondents.

In the overall, the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the

respondents is found to be seldom as manifested by its mean of 2.58.

48

The moderator variables of gender respondents did not show significant

differences in their perceptions.

Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents attend the Family

Development Sessions

In the overall, the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the

respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the

respondents is found to be less serious as manifested by its mean of 1.84.

Conclusions

In the light of the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. The extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

objectives as perceived by the respondents in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet are

very much effective (VME).


as to the extent of effectiveness of the objectives along the moderator

variables of male parent and female parent.

2. The parents claimed that the 4Ps conditionalities are very much attained

(VMA).




3. The utilization of cash grants by the respondents is found to be seldom.



variables.


Family Development Sessions is found to be less serious.




variables.

49

Recommendations

The following recommendations are given:

1. The beneficiaries should work hard and send their children to school to benefit from the program and to have a better life.

2. The parent-beneficiaries should have their check-up regularly to detect illnesses

and prevent family health at an early stage.

3. Parent-beneficiaries should vigilantly follow the conditions of parent

beneficiaries set by the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the education

of their children.

4. The parent beneficiaries need to help themselves by not depending solely on

the grant and by finding or improving means of livelihood to augment family

income.

5. The cash grants should be utilized solely for the basic needs intended by the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.

6. It is recommended that similar study should be done by the future researchers

to investigate/conduct related problems for improvement or search for a

solution.

50

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Books

Minerva A. Gonzalez, Teaching Strategies II, p.325

Ed-Ha, The modern of Encyclopedia of Baby Care and Child Care, Vol. 4, p.281-283

Angelina Camacho – Regoso, Health Your Happiness, p.43

B. Websiteswww.gov.ph

http//www.car.dswd.gov.ph

www.pantawid.dswd.gov.ph

http://dictionary.reference.com/

Microsoft® Encarta® 2008

excell.csc.gov.ph/ENEWS/

http://www.studymode.com/

http://www.papercamp.com/


suven.hubpages.com/

http.//pantawid.dswd.gov./index.ph


http://pantawid.dswd.gov.php/index.php/4ps-systems/update-system

http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jennifer_Alinio


https://www.google.com.ph/

http://one lovelivity.com/child of nature blog/

http://www.gilcamporazorandomthoughts.info/2012/06/ph-pantawid-pamilya-action-

team-role.htm and http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?article=151352262178

C. Others Pantawid Pamilya Guide Booklet, p.30-35

Handouts of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

Interview with Mrs. Mary Ann F. Camsol, Municipal Link

http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?article=151352262178



http://pantawid.dswd.gov.php/index.php/4ps-systems/update-system



http://www.papercamp.com/

http://dictionary.reference.com/

51

Interview with Mr. Marlon B. Baso, Social Worker III

APPENDICES

52

APPENDIX ARepublic of the Philippines

Cordillera Administrative RegionBenguet Division

Gov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial SchoolBenguet State University Consurtium

Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet

November 29, 2012

ORLANDO H. GORIOThe Barangay ChairmanCuba, Kapangan, Benguet

Sir:

I am a fourth year BSED student of Governor BadoDangwa Agro –

Industrial School Main and is conducting a research entitled, “PERCEPTIONS

OF PARENT-BENEFECIARES TOWARDS PANTAWID PAMILYANG

PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA, KAPANGAN, BENGUET,YEAR

2012-2013.This is in partial fulfillment for the course Professional Educational 34

(Educational Research 2).

In this connection, may I ask your permission to allow me to administer

my questionnaires to the 4P’s parents’ members of Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

Thank you very much. The identities of the respondents shall be kept

confidential.

Very truly yours,

RONALIZA B. VILLA

ResearcherNoted by: ISABEL A. AQUINO Subject Teacher Approved:

53

ORLANDO H. GORIO

Barangay Chairman

APPENDIX B

Republic of the PhilippinesCordillera Administrative Region

Benguet DivisionGov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial School

Benguet State University ConsurtiumBalakbak, Kapangan, Benguet

November 29, 2012

Dear respondents:

The undersigned is conducting a research survey entitled

“PERCEPTIONS OF PARENT-BENEFICIARIES TOWARDS

PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA,

KAPANGAN, BENGUET,YEAR 2012-2013.

In this connection, she is earnestly requesting your cooperation and

assistance in the data gathering by filling up these questionnaires. Please answer

all questions honestly so that reliable results could be obtained. Rest assured that

your answer will be kept in strict confidence.

Your full and kind cooperation on this request is highly appreciated.

Thank you very much and God bless.

54

Very truly yours,

RONALIZA B. VILLA Researcher

APPENDIX CRepublic of the Philippines


Gov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial SchoolIn ConsurtiumwithBenguet State University


November 21, 2012

ALEX T. MENCIOThe Barangay ChairmanBalakbak, Kapangan, Benguet

Sir:

I am a fourth year BSED student of Governor BadoDangwa Agro –

Industrial School Main and is conducting a research entitled, “PERCEPTIONS

OF PARENT-BENEFECIARIES TOWARDS PANTAWID PAMILYANG

PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA, KAPANGAN, BENGUET,YEAR

2012-2013. This is in partial fulfillment of the subject Educational Research II.

In this connection, may I ask your permission to allow me to pilot my

questionnaires to test its reliability and validity to the 4Ps parent-beneficiaries of

Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet.

It will be assured that the result of this study will be for research purposes

only.

Your favorable action regarding this matter is highly appreciated.

Very truly yours,

RONALIZA B. VILLA Researcher

Noted by: ISABEL A. AQUINO Subject Teacher

55

Approved:

ALEX T. MENCIO Barangay Chairman

APPENDIX DRepublic of the Philippines


Gov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial SchoolBenguet State University Consurtium


November 21, 2012

Dear respondents:

The undersigned is conducting a research survey entitled

“PERCEPTIONS OF PARENT-BENEFECIARIES TOWARDS

PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA,

KAPANGAN, BENGUET, YEAR 2012-2013.

In this connection, she is earnestly requesting your cooperation to test the

reliability of my questions by filling up these questionnaires. Please answer all

questions honestly so that reliable results could be obtained. Rest assured that

your answer will be kept in strict confidence.

Your full and kind cooperation on this request is highly appreciated.

Thank you very much and God bless.

Very truly yours,

56

RONALIZA B. VILLA

Researcher

APPENDIX EThe Questionnaire

Personal Information:Name (Optional):______________ Gender: Male __ Female__

I. EXTENT OF EFFECTIVENESS OF PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

Direction: Below are list of 4Ps objectives. Kindly put a check mark () opposite the 4Ps objectives given whether it is rated as:

5 - Very Much Effective (VME)4 – Much Effective (ME)3 – Moderately Effective (MDE)2 – Slightly Effective (SE)1 - Not Effective (NE)

4Ps Objectives VME5

ME4

MDE3

SE2

NE1

1. Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children

2. Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school

3. Reduce the incidence of child labor

4. Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households

5. Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities

57

II. EXTENT OF ATTAINMENT OF THE PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM CONDITIONALITIES

Direction: Below are list of 4Ps conditionalities. Kindly put a check mark () opposite the 4Ps conditionalities given whether it is rated as:

5 – Very Much Attained (VMA)4 – Much Attained (MA)3 – Moderately Attained (MDA)2 – Less Attained (LA)1 – Not Attained (NA)


MA4

MDA3

LA2

NA1

1. Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional

2. Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars

3. The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines


5. Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time

III. EXTENT OF UTILIZATION OF CASH GRANTS

Direction: Below are list of our needs and wants of the children. Kindly put a check mark () opposite of our needs and wants of the children given whether it is rated as:

5 – Always (A)4 – Very Often (VO)3 –Often (O)

2 – Seldom (S)1 – Never (N)

58

Needs and Wants A5

VO4

O3

S2

N1

1. Food2. Medicines3. Water4. Clothes5. Transportations6. Shoes7. Sandals8. Slippers9. School supplies

10. Toys 11. Dolls

IV. LEVEL OF SERIOUSNESS OF THE FACTORS THAT HINDERS THE RESPONDENTS TO ATTAIN SEMINARS/ MEETINGS

Direction: Below are list of factors that hinder the respondents to attend the Family Development Sessions. Kindly put a check mark () opposite of the factors given whether it is rated as:

5 - Very Serious (VS)4 - Quite Serious (QS)3 - Moderately Serious (MDS)2 – Less Serious (LS)

Factors VS5

QS4

MDS3

LS2

NS1

1. Poor Vision2. Poor Hearing3. Too much engagement of activities4. Sickly5. Insecurity6. Shyness7. Easily get bored8. Low intelligence9. Weather

1 – Not Serious (NS)

59

APPENDIX FSummary of Testing the Reliability of the Questionnaire

I.

IndicatorsAWM

Pre-TestRank

Pre-TestAWM

Post-TestRank

Post-TestRD RD2

1. 4.08 2 4.35 1 1 12. 4.20 1 4.27 2 -1 13. 3.39 5 3.72 5 0 04. 3.99 3 3.96 4 -1 15. 3.68 4 4.20 3 1 1__

∑d2=4

rs=1− 6∑2

(n2−1)rs=1 –

2474 (5475)

rs=1 –6(4)

(74(74)2−1)rs=1–

24405,150

rs=1 –24

74 (5476−1)rs=1 – 0.000059

rs=0.99Very High PositiveII.

Indicators AWMPre-Test

RankPre-Test

AWMPost-Test

RankPost-Test

RD RD2

1. 4.28 3 4.46 2 1 12. 4.61 1 4.57 1 0 03. 4.05 4 4.16 4 0 04. 3.96 5 4.03 5 0 05. 4.30 2 4.27 3 -1 1__

∑d2=2

rs=1− 6∑2

(n2−1)rs=1 –

1274 (5475)

rs=1 –6(2)

(74(74)2−1)rs=1–

12405,150

rs=1 –12

74 (5476−1)rs=1 – 0.000029

60

rs=0.99Very High Positive

III.


RankPre-Test

AWMPost-Test

RankPost-Test

RD RD2

1. 4.32 2 4.51 2 0 02. 3.47 4 3.46 4 0 03. 2.31 8 2.09 7 1 14. 2.89 5 2.97 5 0 05. 2.49 6 2.43 6 0 06. 2.03 9 1.91 9 0 07. 2.36 7 2.03 8 -1 18. 3.72 3 4.05 3 0 09. 4.65 1 4.66 1 0 010 1.54 10 1.53 10 0 011. 1.36 11 1.36 11 0 0__

∑d2=2

rs=1− 6∑2

(n2−1)rs=1 –

1274 (5475)

rs=1 –6(2)

(74(74)2−1)rs=1–

12405,150

rs=1 –12

74 (5476−1)rs=1 – 0.000029


IV.


RankPre-Test

AWMPost-Test

RankPost-Test

RD RD2

1. 2.49 2 2.49 2 0 02. 1.97 8 1.93 8 0 03. 3.5 1 3.43 1 0 14. 2.11 5 2.11 5 0 05. 2.01 6 2.05 6.5 -0.5 0.256. 1.78 9 1.70 9 0 07. 2.41 3 2.47 3 0 18. 2 7 2.05 6.5 0.5 0.259. 2.18 4 2.14 4 0 ___0___

61

∑d2=0.5

rs=1− 6∑2

(n2−1)rs=1 –

374 (5475)

rs=1 –6(0.5)

(74(74)2−1)rs=1–

3405,150

rs=1 –3

74 (5476−1)rs=1 – 0.000074


Respondents: Seventy four (74) male and female parents of Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet

62

APPENDIX GComputation of T- Test

I. 4Ps Objectives Male Parents (34) Female Parents (45)

X1 X12 X2 X2

2

1.Improve preventive

health care among

pregnant women and

young children

4.5 20.25 4.71 22.18

2. Increase the

enrollment and

attendance rate of

children in school

4.47 19.98 4.62 21.34

3. Reduce the incidence

of child labor4.38 19.18 4.31 18.58

4. Raise the average

consumption rate in

food expenditure of

poor households

4.03 16.24 4.28 18.32

5. Encourage parents to

invest in their

children’s human

capital through

investments in health

and nutrition, education

and participation in

community activities

4.65 21.62 4.58 20.98

∑ X1=22.03 ∑ X12=92.27 ∑ X2=22.5 ∑ X2

2= 101.4

63

Solutions:

I . X1=∑ X1

N=22.03

5=4.41 X2=

∑X2

N=22.5

5=4.5

SD1=√∑ X12−

(∑X1 )2

NN−1

SD 2=√∑ X22−

(∑X2 )2

NN−1

SD1=√ 92.27−(22.03 )2

55−1

SD2=√ 101.4−(22.5 )2

55−1

SD1=√ 92.27−485.325

4SD2=√ 101.4−506.25

54

SD1=√ 92.27−97.064

SD2=√ 101.4−101.254

SD1=√−4.794

SD2=√ 0.154

SD1=√1.1975SD2=√0.04

SD1=1.09SD2=0.2

t=X 1−¿X 2

√¿¿¿¿¿

t=4.41−4.5√¿¿¿¿

t= 0.09

√ 1.18815

+ 0.045

t=0.090.50

t=0.18

64

II. 4Ps Conditionalities

Male Parents (34) Female Parents (45)

X1 X12 X2 X2

2


4.62 21.34 4.64 21.53

2. Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars

4.68 21.90 4.6 21.16

3. The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check- ups and vaccines

4.88 23.81 4.73 22.37


4.74 22.47 4.76 22.66

5. Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time

4.85 23.52 4.93 24.30

∑ X1= 23.77 ∑ X12= 113.04 ∑ X2= 23.66 ∑ X2

2= 112.02

65

II . X1=∑X1

N=22.77

5=4.75 X2=

∑ X2

N=23.66

5=4.73

SD1=√∑ X12−

(∑X1 )2

NN−1

SD 2=√∑ X22−

(∑X2 )2

NN−1

SD1=√ 113.04−(22.77 )2

55−1

SD2=√ 112.02−(23.66 )2

55−1

SD1=√ 113.04−565.015

4SD2=√ 112.02−559.80

54

SD1=√ 113.04−113.0024

SD2=√ 112.02−111.964

SD1=√ 0.0384

SD 2=√ 0.064

SD1=√0.0095SD2=√0.015

SD1=0.10 SD2=¿0.12

t=X 1−¿X 2

√¿¿¿¿¿

t=4.75−4.73√¿¿¿¿

t= 0.02

√ 0.015

+0.015

t=0.020.06

t=0.33

III. Needs and Male Parents (34) Female Parents (45)

66

Wants

X1 X12 X2 X2

2

1. Food 4.85 23.52 4.69 21.1002. Medicines 3.56 12.67 3.27 10.703. Water 2.24 5.02 2.38 5.664. Clothes 2.06 4.24 2.64 6.975. Transpor-

tations1.74 3.03 1.76 3.10

6. Shoes 1.44 2.07 1.51 2.287. Sandals 1.47 2.16 1.62 2.628. Slippers 2.94 8.64 3.42 11.709. School

supplies4.65 21.62 4.51 20.34

10.Toys 1.38 1.90 1.4 1.96 11. Dolls 1.41 1.99 1.49 2.22

∑ X1= 27.74 ∑ X12= 86.86 ∑ X2= 28.69 ∑ X2

2= 88.65

III . X1=∑X1

N=22.74

11=2.52 X2=

∑X 2

N=28.69

11=2.61

SD1=√∑ X12−

(∑X1 )2

NN−1

SD 2=√∑ X22−

(∑X2 )2

NN−1

SD1=√ 86.86−(27.74 )2

1111−1

SD2=√ 88.65−(28.69 )2

1111−1

SD1=√ 86.86−769.5111

10SD2=√ 88.65−823.12

1110

SD1=√ 86.86−69.9610

SD 2=√ 88.65−74.8310

SD1=√ 16.910

SD2=√ 13.8210

SD1=√1.69SD2=√1.382

SD1=1.3SD2=¿1.18

67

t=X 1−¿X 2

√¿¿¿¿¿

t=2.52−2.61√¿¿¿¿

t= 0.09

√ 1.6911

+ 1.3911

t=0.090.53

t=0.17

IV. Factors Male Parents (34) Female Parents (45)

X1 X12 X2 X2

2

1. Poor Vision 1.94 3.76 2.02 4.082. Poor

Hearing1.79 3.20 1.89 3.57

3. Too much engagement of activities

2.85 8.12 2.64 6.97

4. Sickly 1.94 3.76 1.67 2.795. Insecurity 1.38 1.90 1.64 2.696. Shyness 1.47 2.16 1.69 2.867. Easily get

bored1.62 2.62 1.49 2.22

8. Low intelligence

1.47 2.16 1.69 2.86

9. Weather 1.88 3.53 1.93 3.72∑ X1= 16.34 ∑ X1

2= 31.21 ∑ X2= 16.66 ∑ X22= 31.76

IV . X1=∑X1

N=16.34

9=1.82 X2=

∑X 2

N=16.66

9=1.85

68

SD1=√∑ X12−

(∑X1 )2

NN−1

SD 2=√∑ X22−

(∑X2 )2

NN−1

SD1=√ 31.21−(16.34 )2

99−1

SD2=√ 31.76−(16.66 )2

99−1

SD1=√ 31.21−266.1009

8SD2=√ 31.76−277.22

98

SD1=√ 31.21−29.578

SD2=√ 31.76−30.808

SD1=√ 1.648SD2=√ 0.96

8

SD1=√0.205SD2=√0.12

SD1=0.45SD2=0.35

t=X 1−¿X 2

√¿¿¿¿¿

t=1.82−1.85√¿¿¿¿

t= 0.03

√ 0.20259

+ 0.12259

t=0.030.19

t=0.16

APPENDIX HCurriculum Vitae

Name: RONALIZA B. VILLA

Age: 24 YEARS OLD

69

Birth date: JUNE 8, 1988

Address: 152, NALBENGAN, CUBA, KAPANGAN, BENGUET

Gender: FEMALE

Status: SINGLE

Height: 4” 11’

Weight: 45 KGS.

Name of Father: DARIUS VILLA Sr.

Name of Mother: BENILDA VILLA

Educational Background

School Graduated

Balakbak, Elementary School

Governor BadoDangwaAgro-Industrial School

Address of the School Graduated

Balakbak, Kapangan,Benguet

Balakbak, Kapangan,Benguet

School Year

2001

2005

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