History & Principles(VOED 6513)

Presented by

Murelene Walker

December 8, 2003

Vocational Advocate – Pursued vo-ed as we know it today

Hoke Smith Justin Morrill Carroll S. Page David Agnew

Carroll S. Page Businessman/Banker Governor Senator/Republican

Education and the Early Years

Education History Apprenticeships Lyceum Movement Land Grant Colleges Chautauqua Movement

Apprenticeships Oldest type of vo-ed Poor Laws Declined

Lyceums 1826 Founded by Josiah Holbrook Shared experiences

Land Grant Colleges Founder – Justin Morrill – 1862 30,000 acres

Chautauqua Founded by John Vincent - 1874 New York For Sunday School Teachers Tents/Summertime

Educational Changes

The Morrill Act has proven to be the beginning…for really carrying vocational education to the masses of our people.

Hoke and Page

Smith/Lever Act of 1914 President Woodrow Wilson Hoke Smith becomes Chairman of the

Committee on Education and Labor Inducted the Smith/Lever bill

Commission on Vocational Education

Senator Hoke Smith (GA) – Chairman Senator Carroll Page (Vermont) Rep. Dudley Hughes (GA) Rep. S.D. Fess (Ohio) John Lapp (Indiana) Florence Marshall – Director, Manhattan Trade School for

Girls Agnes Nestor – Pres. International Glove Workers’ Union Charles A. Prosser, Secretary (NSPIE) Charles H. Winslow, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Vocational Education Bill Commissioner of Education and 5 other

associates versus positions filled by busy Cabinet officers

Creation of a State Board Required attendance of children in school State Control

Smith and Hughes Vocational Bill (Page) Hughes Bill Joining of Forces

It’s a Law…I’m just a bill,

Yes, I’m only a bill,

And I’m sitting here on Capitol Hill.

Well, it’s a long, long journey

To the capital city,

It’s a long, long wait

While I’m sitting in committee,

But I know I’ll be a law someday…

At least I hope and pray that I will,

But today I’m just a bill.

Agriculture Enrollment

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

1918 1923 1928 1933 1938 1943 1948

DayPart-TimeEvening

Home Economics Enrollment

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

1918 1923 1928 1933 1938 1943 1948

DayPart-TimeEvening