History of the Cpp-npa

Therefore I say: Know the enemy and know yourself; in a hundred battles you will never be I peril.

Therefore I say: Know the enemy and know yourself; in a hundred battles you will never be I peril.

When you are ignorant of the enemy but you know yourself, your chances of winning or losing are equal.

When you are ignorant of the enemy but you know yourself, your chances of winning or losing are equal.

If ignorant both of your enemy and of yourself, you are certain in every battle to be in peril

If ignorant both of your enemy and of yourself, you are certain in every battle to be in peril

FOUNDING OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE

PHILIPPINES


PHILIPPINESFEB ‘22FEB ‘22

An American communist, purportedly representing the Phil attended the Congress of Toilers of the Far East in Moscow

An American communist, purportedly representing the Phil attended the Congress of Toilers of the Far East in Moscow

06 OCT ‘2306 OCT ‘23The Int’l Press Correspondence reported that the Profintern recognized the importance of the Phil as “strategic point in the Pacific Ocean”.

The Int’l Press Correspondence reported that the Profintern recognized the importance of the Phil as “strategic point in the Pacific Ocean”.

20 JUL ‘2520 JUL ‘25Tan MALAKA alias Elias FUENTES arrived in Manila along with 5 or 6 Indonesian refugees from Dutch authorities

Tan MALAKA alias Elias FUENTES arrived in Manila along with 5 or 6 Indonesian refugees from Dutch authorities


PHILIPPINES


PHILIPPINES19281928

Crisanto EVANGELISTA and Cirilo BOGNOT attended the Profintern Conference held in Moscow

Crisanto EVANGELISTA and Cirilo BOGNOT attended the Profintern Conference held in Moscow

26 AUG ‘3026 AUG ‘30 Sixty labor delegates met at the templo del Trabajo to set up the PKPSixty labor delegates met at the templo del Trabajo to set up the PKP

07 NOV ‘3007 NOV ‘30 PKP was proclaimed at Plaza Moriones, Tondo. EVANGELISTA headed the 7-man Politburo and the 35-man Central Committee

PKP was proclaimed at Plaza Moriones, Tondo. EVANGELISTA headed the 7-man Politburo and the 35-man Central Committee


PHILIPPINES


PHILIPPINESSupreme Court formally outlawed the PKPSupreme Court formally outlawed the PKP26 OCT ‘3226 OCT ‘32

Socialist Party headed by Pedro Abad SANTOS was organized in Central LuzonSocialist Party headed by Pedro Abad SANTOS was organized in Central Luzon

- emphasis on armed revolution- emphasis on armed revolution

- adoption of parliamentary means to suceed in the revolution

- adoption of parliamentary means to suceed in the revolution

1932 1932

MERGER OF THE PKP AND

THE SOCIALIST

PARTY

MERGER OF THE PKP AND

THE SOCIALIST

PARTY

07 NOV ‘3807 NOV ‘38

Merger between the PKP and the Socialist Party after

Crisanto EVANGELISTA was given conditional pardon by

the Commonwealth Government.

Merger between the PKP and the Socialist Party after

Crisanto EVANGELISTA was given conditional pardon by

the Commonwealth Government.

THE PKP DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION


06 Feb 42, The Central Luzon Bureau conference decided to organize a grla army. Vicente LAVA became general secretary and was elected in absentia.

29 Mar 42, The HUKBALAHAP was established in Bo San Lorenzo, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.

Mar 43, Japanese forces launched a raid in Mt Arayat which resulted in the capture of many leading party cadres and members.

06 Feb 42, The Central Luzon Bureau conference decided to organize a grla army. Vicente LAVA became general secretary and was elected in absentia.

29 Mar 42, The HUKBALAHAP was established in Bo San Lorenzo, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.

Mar 43, Japanese forces launched a raid in Mt Arayat which resulted in the capture of many leading party cadres and members.



The first line of leadership was arrested by the Japanese when the Japanese army occupied Manila in January 1943.

Majority of the party mbrs fled to various towns in Central Luzon. Japanese forces arrested EVANGELISTA, ABAD SANTOS, CAPADOCIA, DEL ROSATIO and others.

Sep 44, BAGUMBALI conference declared the “retreat for defense” policy as incorrect. HUKBALAHAP squadrons were regrouped to take the offensive.

The first line of leadership was arrested by the Japanese when the Japanese army occupied Manila in January 1943.

Majority of the party mbrs fled to various towns in Central Luzon. Japanese forces arrested EVANGELISTA, ABAD SANTOS, CAPADOCIA, DEL ROSATIO and others.

Sep 44, BAGUMBALI conference declared the “retreat for defense” policy as incorrect. HUKBALAHAP squadrons were regrouped to take the offensive.

A. At the end of World War II, the party leadership decided to shift his headquarters and the center of its political activities from the countryside to the city.

B. Party-supported mbrs of congress who had been elected in the 1946 elections were ousted from congress.

A. At the end of World War II, the party leadership decided to shift his headquarters and the center of its political activities from the countryside to the city.

B. Party-supported mbrs of congress who had been elected in the 1946 elections were ousted from congress.

THE PKP AFTER WORLD WAR IITHE PKP AFTER WORLD WAR II

18 OCT ‘50

18 OCT ‘50

Members of the Politburo-In were arrested. 105 communist suspects operating in Manila together with 5 truck-loads of communist documents were taken by gov’t operatives.

FEB-MAR ‘51

FEB-MAR ‘51

Politburo-Out organized a Central Committee conference and decided to continue with the old party orientation.

DURING THE HUK CAMPAIGNDURING THE HUK CAMPAIGN

BETWEEN 1951-1954

BETWEEN 1951-1954

Many principal leaders of the PKP fell under massive gov’t operations.

DURING THE HUK CAMPAIGNDURING THE HUK CAMPAIGN

16 MAY ‘54

16 MAY ‘54

Luis TARUC, bitterly disillusioned, surrendered to the government.

REASONS FOR PKP’S DEFEAT

- IDEOLOGICAL WEAKNESSES

- POLITICAL ERRORS

- MILITARY ERRORS

- ORGANIZATION ERRORS

a) PKP leadership was involved in subjectivism.

b) The LAVA leadership was criticized as having failed to grasp the nature of a proletarian revolutionary ideology and applied it on the concrete condition.

PKP did not mobilized the peasantry as the main force of the insurgency. At the later stage, HUK units operated as roving rebel bands detached from its popular support.

LAVA erroneously underestimated the gov’t forces and planned for a two- year campaign prior to takeover.

A) The party failed to appreciate the strength of the AFP and launched several attacks which were initially successful but in the long run, the HUKs were defeated in the entire struggle.

B) The HUKs failed to appreciate their inherent strength as grla forces which could dissipate and spread the gov’t forces over a wide area if a nation-wide deployment was followed.

A) The party failed to appreciate the strength of the AFP and launched several attacks which were initially successful but in the long run, the HUKs were defeated in the entire struggle.

B) The HUKs failed to appreciate their inherent strength as grla forces which could dissipate and spread the gov’t forces over a wide area if a nation-wide deployment was followed.

The main disability of the PKP was its failure to build an organization that had a broad mass character and one which was national in scale.

The main disability of the PKP was its failure to build an organization that had a broad mass character and one which was national in scale.

THE RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CPPTHE RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CPPThe rectification campaign resulted

in the re-establishment of a more militant communist party which set out to rectify errors, avoid past mistakes and rebuild the party. The ideological, political and organizational characteristics soon started to distinguish the re-established CPP from the old PKP.

These are:

A. Ideology

Adoption of the Marxist-Leninist-Mao Tse Tung thought as its supreme guide to purpose its revolutionary goals

B. Political1) The party pursues an insurgency which should be identified with the masses. It should be a protracted armed struggle to be launched in the countryside to encircle the cities.

These are:

C. Organization

1) Formation of a communist party which is proletarian in character and armed with MLMTT as its ideological guide.

2) Mobilization of the peasants, workers and students to participate actively and on national scale in the proletarian revolution which is essentially an agrarian revolution.

3) Organization of the National United Front as the other weapon to destroy and isolate the government.

1) Formation of a communist party which is proletarian in character and armed with MLMTT as its ideological guide.

2) Mobilization of the peasants, workers and students to participate actively and on national scale in the proletarian revolution which is essentially an agrarian revolution.

3) Organization of the National United Front as the other weapon to destroy and isolate the government.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP


A. Urban Phase - 1961 to 1972 (Pre Martial Law)

1961 - Established of National Organization in the University of the Phils as an effect of the national sentiment.

Nov ‘64 - Jose Ma. SISON who was indoctrinated in Red China organized the Kabataang Makabayan

26 Dec ‘68 - a Maoist leaning Communist Party of was formally established by Jo Ma SISON with 13 other party mbrs in a barrio in Mangatarem, Pangasinan,




Namely: Arthur GARCIA, Nilo TAYAG, Fernando TAYAG, Leoncio CO, Monico ATIENZA, Herminigildo GARCIA IV, Manuel ”Noli” COLLANTES, Renato CASIPE, Ruben GUEVARRA, Ibarra TUBIANOSA, Renato PANGILINAN, Manuel ALAVADO and Mariano LAXA.




Officers of the CC and mbrs of the EXECOM

Jose Ma. SISON - Chairman

Arthur GARCIA - 1st V-Chmn & Chmn of Mil Comm

Nilo TAYAG - Sec-Gen

Monico ATIENZA - 2nd Sec for Orgn & Hd of the Dep of Orgn

Fernando TAYAG- 2nd Sec for Educ & Hd of the Dep of Educ




Political Bureau (POLITBURO) Members:

Jose Ma. SISON

Arthur GARCIA

Nilo TAYAG

Monico ATIENZA

Fernando TAYAG

Herminigildo CASIPE

Ibarra TUBIANOSA




29 Mar ‘69 - Comdr. Dante’s group of peasant guerrillas joined SISON’s group. The NPA had 60

men with 35 firearms.

Jan ‘70 - The Communist controlled Kabataang Makabayan has gathered strength and in a show of force organized the violent demons- trations which refers to as the “First Quarter Storm”, rocked downtown Manila.

17 Feb ‘72 - Some 200 radical Christians established Christians for Nat’l Liberation (CNL) under a communist leaning Catholic priest, Fr Edicio de la TORRE of the society of the Divine

World.




Jul-Aug ‘72 - The CPP attempted to establish a grla zone in the remote parts of Isabela and Quezon, a shift from the traditionally HMB based in Central

Luzon and Southern Tagalog. Government forces got wind of an attempt to land 3,000 FAs from Communist China aboard MV Karagatan.



B. Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post Martial Law Period)

21 Sep ‘72 - Pres Marcos placed the entire country under martial law. Many party members were appre- hended but in general, the CPP was able to preserve its forces. Those who escaped to the countryside where the “Armed struggle” on a nationwide scale in the countryside was initiated.




Mar ‘73 - The MILF under Nur MISUARI, Jose Maria SISON’s former associate, launched a large scale offensive action. Heavy fighting continued up to 1976. AFP units were pre-occupied with the MNLF secessionist movement.




24 Apr ‘73 - The CPP established the National Democratic Front. It announced a 10-point program which in essence was the formal declaration of war of the CPP against the Philippine gov’t. Among its constituent organization was the Christian for National Liberation (CNL).




NDF Twelve-Point Program

1. Unite the Pilipino people to overflow the rule of U.S. Imperialism and the local reactionaries.

2. Wage a people’s war to win a total, nationwide victory.

3. Establish a democratic coalition gov’t and a people’s democratic republic.

4. Integrate the revolutionary armed forces into a single national revolutionary army.





5. Uphold and promote the free exercise of the people’s basic democratic rights.

6. Terminate all unequal relations with the U.S and other foreign entities.

7. Complete the progress of genuine land reform, raise rural production through cooperation and modernize agriculture.

8. Carry out national industrialization as the leading factor in economic development.




9. Guarantee the right to employment, raise the people’s living standards and expand social services the soonest after establishing democratic state power.

10. Promote periodic, scientific and popular culture and ensure free public education.





11. Respect and foster the self-determination of the Moro and Cordillera people and all ethnic minorities.

12. Adopt and practice a revolutionary, independent and peace loving foreign policy.





1974 - Jose Ma. SISON published the pamphlet entitled “ Specific Characteristics of our people’s War”. Adopted as party policy was the creation of grla front nationwide starting in “ a few major island later”. The party also adopted the policy of Centralized Leadership and Decentralized Opns”.

May ‘73 - An anti-govt but anti-communist Christian group organized the Nagkakaisang Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas (The United Democratic Socialist Party of the Phil or “SOCDEM”)




1978 - The CPP claimed to have expanded and consolidate the party significantly partly through launching of Basic Party Courses.

Jul-Aug ‘80- CPP Central Committee claimed it was about to enter the advance stage sub-stage of the strategic defensive.

1976 - 77 - Jose Ma. SISON, Bernabe BUSCAYNO and Victor CORPUZ were captured in a series of government operations.




21 Aug ‘83 - Ex-Senator Aquino’s assassination provided for an upsurge of violent rallies and demonstration.

End of 1983 - CPP claimed to have 45 guerrilla fronts, 18 of which are in Mindanao.

The CPP is pursuing a Maoist inspired insurgency

movement because of the hard lessons learned from the old PKP. In avoiding past mistakes, the re-established CPP strives to attain a party-led movement which is a peasant based protracted war with a nationwide spread. The ideological, political and organizational errors of the past have been replaced now by a time-tested formula for waging guerrilla war with a powerful propaganda machine which seeks to isolate the government from all sectors.

THE UPSURGE OF THE CPPTHE UPSURGE OF THE CPP1984 - The economic dislocation in its aftermath

added propaganda ammunition to the CPP’s growing machinery

Feb ‘86 - Pres Marcos, to appease public clamor for him to step down, challenged his political rivals in a snap election

22-25 Feb ‘86 - The alleged irrigularities committed by the MARCOS camp during the election further provoked public indignations. Series of events followed and came the EDSA revolution which eventually installed Mrs C. Aquino to power

CPP boycotted the Snap Pre Election which turned out to be a failure since they were not able exploit the situation

1984 - The economic dislocation in its aftermath added propaganda ammunition to the CPP’s growing machinery

Feb ‘86 - Pres Marcos, to appease public clamor for him to step down, challenged his political rivals in a snap election

22-25 Feb ‘86 - The alleged irrigularities committed by the MARCOS camp during the election further provoked public indignations. Series of events followed and came the EDSA revolution which eventually installed Mrs C. Aquino to power

CPP boycotted the Snap Pre Election which turned out to be a failure since they were not able exploit the situation

THE UPSURGE OF THE CPPTHE UPSURGE OF THE CPPFeb ‘87 - GRP and CPP/NDF peace talk bogged down.

The insurgents took advantage of the democratic space to consolidate their forces and launch a propaganda blitz to gain international recognition

End of ‘87 - CPP strength reach a peak of about 25,200 with 15,500 firearms and 8,059 affected barangays

Feb ‘87 - GRP and CPP/NDF peace talk bogged down. The insurgents took advantage of the democratic space to consolidate their forces and launch a propaganda blitz to gain international recognition

End of ‘87 - CPP strength reach a peak of about 25,200 with 15,500 firearms and 8,059 affected barangays

THE PARTY’S DECLINE (1988-1995) THE PARTY’S DECLINE (1988-1995)

Jul ‘88 - The AFP launched Campaign Plan “Lambat-Bitag” to counter the growing influence of the CPP/NPA in the countryside

End of ‘88 - The AFP’s campaign plan adversely affected the revolutionary movement. The party membership decreased to 23,0600 firearms to 12,260 and affected barangays to 7,852

1991 - CPP timetable was delayed because of various setbacks resulting from sustained gov’t countermeasures, internal orgn’l problems, arrests of key leaders, tightened CPP int’l relations, financials constrains and the collapse of socialist regimes

Jul ‘88 - The AFP launched Campaign Plan “Lambat-Bitag” to counter the growing influence of the CPP/NPA in the countryside

End of ‘88 - The AFP’s campaign plan adversely affected the revolutionary movement. The party membership decreased to 23,0600 firearms to 12,260 and affected barangays to 7,852

1991 - CPP timetable was delayed because of various setbacks resulting from sustained gov’t countermeasures, internal orgn’l problems, arrests of key leaders, tightened CPP int’l relations, financials constrains and the collapse of socialist regimes


Sep ‘91 - Senate rejected the continued stay of the US troops in Subic Naval Base until 2001. The withdrawal of US troops have deprived the CPP/NPA/NDF a major exploitable issue

Dec ‘91 - CC released SISON’s Reaffirm our Basic Principles and Rectify the Errors”

Apr ‘92 - Two opposing factions emerged. The first faction called the pro-SISON and the anti-SISON Revisionist group who refuse SISON’s accusations that they are against his leadership

Sep ‘91 - Senate rejected the continued stay of the US troops in Subic Naval Base until 2001. The withdrawal of US troops have deprived the CPP/NPA/NDF a major exploitable issue

Dec ‘91 - CC released SISON’s Reaffirm our Basic Principles and Rectify the Errors”

Apr ‘92 - Two opposing factions emerged. The first faction called the pro-SISON and the anti-SISON Revisionist group who refuse SISON’s accusations that they are against his leadership


Sep ‘92 - RA 7636 was enacted in order to attract the CPP to purge its struggle in the open political arena. This repealed RA 1700 and thus, de-criminalized membership in the CPP. Pres RAMOS also granted amnesty to rebels.

Oct ‘92 - The Party, in its 10th CPP plenum, the CC elected a new set of officers and adopted SISON’s “back-to-basics” strategy and the rejection of the insurrectionary Strategy advocated by MRRC Sec Felimon LAGMAN

1995 - The CPP reached its lowest in terms of membership at 6,023, firearms at 5,172 and affected barangays at 445

Sep ‘92 - RA 7636 was enacted in order to attract the CPP to purge its struggle in the open political arena. This repealed RA 1700 and thus, de-criminalized membership in the CPP. Pres RAMOS also granted amnesty to rebels.

Oct ‘92 - The Party, in its 10th CPP plenum, the CC elected a new set of officers and adopted SISON’s “back-to-basics” strategy and the rejection of the insurrectionary Strategy advocated by MRRC Sec Felimon LAGMAN

1995 - The CPP reached its lowest in terms of membership at 6,023, firearms at 5,172 and affected barangays at 445

GAINS RECTIFICATION CAMPAIGN

(1996 TO DATE) GAINS RECTIFICATION CAMPAIGN

(1996 TO DATE)

1996 - The CPP’s unrelenting effort regain former strongholds registered minimal gains in its strength - from 6,023 to 6,300; FAs from 5,172 to 5,408; and affected barangays from 445 to 480

Jun 2K - Party membership increased to 10,753; FAs to 6,625 and affected barangays to 1,198.

Dec 2K - Five years after, the Party membership increased to 11,255, FAs to 6,851 and affected brgys to 1,279. Guerrilla fronts also increased to 96.

1996 - The CPP’s unrelenting effort regain former strongholds registered minimal gains in its strength - from 6,023 to 6,300; FAs from 5,172 to 5,408; and affected barangays from 445 to 480

Jun 2K - Party membership increased to 10,753; FAs to 6,625 and affected barangays to 1,198.

Dec 2K - Five years after, the Party membership increased to 11,255, FAs to 6,851 and affected brgys to 1,279. Guerrilla fronts also increased to 96.

GAINS IN 2001 NAT’L AND LOCAL ELECTIONS AND RESUMPTION OF

PEACE TALK

GAINS IN 2001 NAT’L AND LOCAL ELECTIONS AND RESUMPTION OF

PEACE TALK27 Apr 01 - GRP and NDF peace talks resumed in Oslo, Norway where both panels agreed to complete the peace process in 18 months.

27 Apr 01 - GRP and NDF peace talks resumed in Oslo, Norway where both panels agreed to complete the peace process in 18 months.Both Panels agreed the following:Both Panels agreed the following:

1. Creation a joint monitoring committee

2. Complete peace process in 18 months and forge comprehensive agreement on social and econ reforms (CASER) in six months

3. Pursue confidence-building measures

1. Creation a joint monitoring committee

2. Complete peace process in 18 months and forge comprehensive agreement on social and econ reforms (CASER) in six months

3. Pursue confidence-building measures

•“Seize all chances and opportunities to position in reactionary gov’t”

•NPA to “expand and strengthen guerrilla fronts”

•To launch tactical offensives

•To demand Permit-to-Campaign Fees

•“Seize all chances and opportunities to position in reactionary gov’t”

•NPA to “expand and strengthen guerrilla fronts”

•To launch tactical offensives

•To demand Permit-to-Campaign Fees

CPP-CC EXECOM DIRECTIVE RE-MAY

ELECTION

CPP-CC EXECOM DIRECTIVE RE-MAY

ELECTION

MAY ELECTION

MAY ELECTION

1) Satur OCAMPO

2) Crispin BELTRAN

3) Lisa MASA

1) Satur OCAMPO

2) Crispin BELTRAN

3) Lisa MASA

14 May 0114 May 01

BAYAN MUNA Representatives at Lower HouseBAYAN MUNA Representatives at Lower House

10 June 0110 June 01

PEACE TALKS IN OSLO, NORWAY

PEACE TALKS IN OSLO, NORWAY

- To discuss socio-economic reform

- To discuss socio-economic reform

- “Indefinite Recess” due to assassination of Cagayan Rep Rodolfo AGUINALDO

- “Indefinite Recess” due to assassination of Cagayan Rep Rodolfo AGUINALDO

History of the Cpp-npa

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