History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry
-
Upload
tran-cong-nhat -
Category
Technology
-
view
501 -
download
25
Transcript of History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry
![Page 1: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
History of Biotechnology
![Page 2: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Stages of BiotechAncientClassicalModern
![Page 3: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ancient BiotechBegins with early
civilizationDevelopments in ag and
food productionFew records exist
![Page 4: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ancient BiotechArcheologists research Ancient carvings and
sketches sources of information
![Page 5: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Classical BiotechFollows ancientMakes wide spread use of
methods from ancient, especially fermentation
Methods adapted to industrial production
![Page 6: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Classical BiotechProduce large quantities of
food products and other materials in short amount of time
Meet demands of increasing population
![Page 7: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Classical BiotechMany methods developed
through classical biotech are widely used today.
![Page 8: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Modern BiotechManipulation of genetic
material within organismsBased on genetics and the
use of microscopy, biochemical methods, related sciences and technologies
![Page 9: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Modern BiotechOften known as genetic
engineeringRoots involved the
investigation of genes
![Page 10: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ancient BiotechNot known when biotech
began exactlyFocused on having food
and other human needs
![Page 11: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ancient BiotechUseful plants brought from
the wild, planted near caves where people lived
As food was available, ability to store and preserve emerged
![Page 12: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
AncientFood preservation most
likely came from unplanned events such as a fire or freeze
![Page 13: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Domestication15,000 years ago, large
animals were hard to capturePeople only had meat when
they found a dead animalCame up with ways of
capturing fish and small animals
![Page 14: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DomesticationFood supplies often seasonalWinter food supplies may get
quite lowDomestication is seen by
scientists as the beginning of biotech
![Page 15: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
DomesticationAdaptation of organisms
so they can be culturedMost likely began 11,000
– 12,000 years ago in the middle east
![Page 16: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
DomesticationInvolved the collecting of seed
from useful plants and growing crude crops from that seed
Involved the knowledge that the seed had to properly mature
![Page 17: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
DomesticationProper plantingNeed for water, light and other
conditions for plant growthEarliest plants likely grains
and other seeds used for food
![Page 18: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
DomesticationRaising animals in captivity
began about the same time in history
Easier to have an animal close by that to hunt and capture a wild one
![Page 19: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
DomesticationLearned that animals
need food and waterLearned about simple
breedingHow to raise young
![Page 20: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
DomesticationCattle, goats and sheep
were the first domesticated food animals
![Page 21: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
DomesticationAbout 10,000 years ago,
people had learned enough about plants and animals to grow their own food
The beginning of farming.
![Page 22: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
FoodDomestication resulted in
food supplies being greater in certain times of the year
Products were gathered and stored
![Page 23: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
FoodSome foods rottedOthers changed form and
continued to be good to eatFoods stored in a cool cave
did not spoil as quickly
![Page 24: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
FoodFoods heated by fire also
did not spoil as quicklyImmersing in sour liquids
prevented food decay
![Page 25: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Food preservationUsing processes that
prevent or slow spoilageHeating, cooling, keeps
microorganisms (mo’s) from growing
![Page 26: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Food preservationStored in bags of leather or jars
of clayFermentation occurs if certain
mo’s are presentCreates an acid condition that
slows or prevents spoilage
![Page 27: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CheeseOne of the first food
products made through biotechnology
Began some 4,000 years ago
Nomadic tribes in Asia
![Page 28: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CheeseStrains of bacteria were
added to milkCaused acid to formResulting in sour milk
![Page 29: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CheeseEnzyme called “rennet” was
addedRennet comes from the
lining of the stomachs of calves
![Page 30: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
CheeseRennet is genetically
engineered todayNot all cheese is made from
produced rennet
![Page 31: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
YeastLong used in food
preparation and preservationBread bakingYeast produces a gas in the
dough causing the dough to rise
![Page 32: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
YeastFermented productsVinegarRequire the use of yeast in
at least one stage of production
![Page 33: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
YeastSpecies of fungiSome are useful Some may cause diseases
![Page 34: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
VinegarAncient product used to
preserve foodJuices and extracts from
fruits and grains can be fermented
![Page 35: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
FermentationProcess in which yeast
enzymes chemically change compounds into alcohol
In making vinegar the first product of fermentation is alcohol
![Page 36: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
FermentationAlcohol is converted to acetic
acid by additional microbe activity
Acid gives vinegar a sour tasteVinegar prevents growth of
some bacteria
![Page 37: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
VinegarKeeps foods from spoilingUsed in picklingBiblical references to wine
indicate the use of fermentation some 3,000 years ago
![Page 38: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Fermentation controlIn ancient times, likely
happened by accidentAdvancements occurred in
the 1800’s and early 1900’s
![Page 39: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
FermentersUsed to advance
fermentation processSpecially designed chamber
that promotes fermentation
![Page 40: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
FermentersAllowed better control,
especially with vinegarNew products such as
glycerol, acetone, and citric acid resulted
![Page 41: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
DevelopmentOf yeasts that were
predictable and readily available led to modern baking industry
![Page 42: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
AntibioticsUse of fermentation
hastened the development of antibiotics
A drug used to combat bacterial infections
![Page 43: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
AntibioticsPenicillinDeveloped in the late1920’sIntroduced in the 1940’sFirst drug produced
by microbes
![Page 44: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
AntibioticsMany kinds available todayLimitations in their use keep
disease producing organisms from developing immunity to antibiotics
![Page 45: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
AntibioticsUse antibiotics only when
needed.Overuse may make the
antibiotic ineffective when really needed later
![Page 46: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
AntibioticsSome disease organisms
are now resistant to certain antibiotics
Used in both human and vet medicine
![Page 47: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Modern BiotechDeals with manipulating genetic
infoMicroscopy and advanced
computer technology are usedIn-depth knowledge of science
![Page 48: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Modern BiotechBased on genetics research
from the mid 1800’s
![Page 49: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
GeneticsStudy of heredityMost work has focused on
animal and plant geneticsGenes – determiners of
heredity
![Page 50: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
GenesCarry the genetic codeUnderstanding genetic
structure essential for genetic engineering
![Page 51: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
HeredityHow traits are passed from
parents to offspringMembers of the same
species pass the characteristics of that species
![Page 52: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
HeredityDifferences exist within each
species.Differences are known as
variability
![Page 53: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Heredity &variabilityAre used in modern
biotechnology
![Page 54: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Modern BiotechUse of biotech to produce
new life formsEmerged in mid 1900’sMade possible by rDNA
technology
![Page 55: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
rDNARecombinant DNA ProcessGenetic material is moved
from one organism to another
Materials involved are quite small
![Page 56: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
rDNAChallenging and often
controversialMany have opposing or
negative views of biotechnolgy
![Page 57: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
People in BiotechZacharias JanssenDiscovered the principle of
the compound microscope in 1590
Dutch eye glass maker
![Page 58: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Anton Van LeeuwenhoekDeveloped single lens
microscope in 1670’sFirst to observe tiny
organisms and document observations
![Page 59: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Anton V.L.Work led to modern
microscopesElectron microscope
developed in 1931 by group of German scientists
![Page 60: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Gregor MendelFormulated basic laws of
heredity during mid 1800’sAustrian Botanist and monkExperimented with peas
![Page 61: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
MendelStudied inheritance of seven
pairs of traitsBred and crossbred thousands
of plantsDetermined that some traits
were dominant and other recessive
![Page 62: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
MendelFindings were published in
1866Largely ignored for 34 years
![Page 63: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Johan Friedrich MiescherSwiss BiologistIsolated nuclei of white blood
cells in 1869Led to identification of
nucleic acid by Walter Flemming
![Page 64: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Walter SuttonDetermined in 1903 that
chromosomes carried units of heredity identified by Mendel
Named “genes” in 1909 by Wilhelm Johannsen, Danish Botanist
![Page 65: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Thomas Hunt MorganStudied genetics of fruit fliesEarly 1900’sExperimented with eye colorHis work contributed to the
knowledge of X and Y chromosomes
![Page 66: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Thomas Hunt MorganNobel Peace Prize in 1933
for research in gene theory
![Page 67: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Ernst RuskaBuild the first electron
microscope in 1932German electrical engineerMicroscope offered 400X
magnification
![Page 68: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Alexander FlemingDiscovered penicillin in 1928First antibiotic drug used in
treating human diseaseObserved growth of molds
(Penicillium genus) in a dish that also contracted bacteria
![Page 69: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Alexander FlemingBacteria close to the molds
were deadExtracting and purifying the
molds took a decade of research
Penicillin first used in 1941
![Page 70: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Alexander FlemingPenicillin credited with
saving many lives during WWII when wounded soldiers developed infections.
![Page 71: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Rosalind Elsie FranklinResearch in France and
England in mid 1900’sLed to discovery of structure
of DNAHer early research was used
to produce an atomic bomb
![Page 72: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Rosalind FranklinSet up X ray diffraction labPhotographs of DNA
showed that it could have a double helix structure
![Page 73: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Rosalind FranklinSome questions surround
the theft of her work in 1952Including x ray photographs
![Page 74: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Watson and CrickJames WatsonFrancis CrickCollaborated to produce the
first model of DNA structure in 1953
![Page 75: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Watson and CrickDescribed DNA dimensions
and spacing of base pairsHad major impact on genetic
engineering carried out today
![Page 76: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
WatsonBorn in the USCrick – born in EnglandCollaborative research at
Cambridge University in England
![Page 77: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Norman E. BorlaugDeveloped wheat varieties
producing high yieldsResearch in MexicoSemi dwarf varietiesDeveloped wheat variety that would
grow in climates where other varieties would not
![Page 78: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
BorlaugNobel Peace Prize in 1971Credited with helping relieve
widespread hunger in some nations
![Page 79: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Mary Clare KingResearch into nature of DNA
during late 1900’sDetermined that 99% of
human DNA is identical to chimpanzee
![Page 80: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Mary Clare King1975 found similar gene
pools between humans and chimpanzee made it possible to research hereditary causes of breast cancer
![Page 81: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Ian WilmutCloning of a sheep named
Dolly in 1997Produced from tissue of an
adult sheepPrevious cloning efforts had
been from early embryos
![Page 82: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
ResearchUse of systematic methods
to answer questions.Problems may be basic or
applied
![Page 83: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
BasicRequire generating new info
to gain understandingApplied – involve use of
knowledge already acquired.
![Page 84: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
ResearchSupplies facts that can be
used to improve a process or product
Settings range from elaborate labs to field plots
![Page 85: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Field PlotSmall area of land that is
used to test questions or hypothesis
Belief is that same result would be obtained if carried out on larger scale
![Page 86: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Field PlotsOften tested several timesKnown as replication
![Page 87: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
ResearchDone by agencies, universities,
private companies, individualsBiotech research in ag is
carried out by ag experiment stations and large corporations
![Page 88: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
DevelopmentCreation of new products or
methods based on findings of research
Carefully studied before being put into full scale use
![Page 89: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
DevelopmentNew products tested before
approvalGovernment agencies such as
the FDA are involvedPrototype is developed –
research model that is carefully tested
![Page 90: History of biotechnology-Nhất Camry](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/55642d27d8b42a73298b58c5/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
PrototypeBecomes a pattern for the
production of similar products
After being fully tested, full scale production begins.