History of Anatomy and Physiology (16th Century)Garbo Chen, Dominique Zollo, Maggie Werner, and Sami Mindlin

Claudius GalenHumeral theory—classified them into 4 types:

phlegmatic, sanguine, choleric, and melancholic.Veins are connected to the heart, but that nerves

come from the central nervous system.Described:

1. Nerve to the voice box2. Anatomy of the spinal chord and uterus3. Bones and their muscle attachments4. Muscles work in contracting pairs5. Structural differences between arteries and veins6. Arteries contain blood not air

Andreas VesaliusCombined work of Aristotle and

other Greeks with own dissectionsHad the opportunity to dissect

human corpsesRealized that most of Galen’s

finding were wrongPublished anatomy book that

included his own discoveries of human body◦De humani corporis fabrica libri septem

William HarveyFirst to accurately describe how blood

was pumped through the body, by the heart

Fabricius taught him that veins had one way valves

Explained how the heart moved blood in a circular pattern in the body

He was the first to suggest that mammals reproduced by the fertilization of an egg by a sperm

Leonardo Da Vinci1st to use visuals instead of descriptionsWanted to explain anatomy and

physiologyAble to perform 30 dissections of the

human bodySaw organs as “Motors” and the body as

a “Machine”Compared human proportion to

geometryThe body is a microcosm of the universe

Rembrandt“The Anatomy Lesson”Dr. Deijman dissection

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