History of American Education Dan Driscoll. History of American Education Colonial Societies oThe...
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Transcript of History of American Education Dan Driscoll. History of American Education Colonial Societies oThe...
History of American EducationHistory of American EducationDan DriscollDan Driscoll
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial SocietiesColonial Societies o The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies
Soil > agricultural economy > landed Soil > agricultural economy > landed aristocratsaristocrats
Very English in attitude and mannersVery English in attitude and manners
Anglican Church influentialAnglican Church influential
Population patterns sparse, scattered, Population patterns sparse, scattered, isolatedisolated
Churches, religion not cohesive forceChurches, religion not cohesive force
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial SocietiesColonial Societies
o The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies Quaker tolerance attracted others, Quaker tolerance attracted others,
particularly Germansparticularly Germans
Also British shipmasters, craftsmen, Also British shipmasters, craftsmen, traders, merchantstraders, merchants
Philadelphia > center of commerce, Philadelphia > center of commerce, passed Boston, NYpassed Boston, NY
Dutch influence NY > center of finance, Dutch influence NY > center of finance, trade and lawtrade and law
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial SocietiesColonial Societies
o The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies
Maryland Catholic enclave, particularly Maryland Catholic enclave, particularly eastern shoreeastern shore
Dutch, Swedes, Germans isolated from Dutch, Swedes, Germans isolated from one another, Englishone another, English
English overwhelmed all others in English overwhelmed all others in numbers, influencenumbers, influence
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial SocietiesColonial Societieso The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies
Soil, winters limit farms; mountains force Soil, winters limit farms; mountains force coastal settlementscoastal settlements
Forests, harbors, fish > shipbuilding, Forests, harbors, fish > shipbuilding, fishing industriesfishing industries
Region small, compact; 1/8 size south; Region small, compact; 1/8 size south; same population 1700same population 1700
2/3 population New England colonies > 2/3 population New England colonies > MassachusettsMassachusetts
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial SocietiesColonial Societies
o The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies
Township form of government dominant, Township form of government dominant, uniqueunique
Protestant influence enormousProtestant influence enormous
Reformation > John Calvin > England: Reformation > John Calvin > England: Puritans, Scotland: Presbyterians, Puritans, Scotland: Presbyterians, France: Huguenots, Holland: Dutch France: Huguenots, Holland: Dutch ReformedReformed
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial SocietiesColonial Societies
o The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies
Unwelcome in Catholic Europe; Puritans Unwelcome in Catholic Europe; Puritans considered Anglicans true, but corruptconsidered Anglicans true, but corrupt
Puritans > evangelicals > sought “Bible Puritans > evangelicals > sought “Bible Commonwealth”Commonwealth”
Puritans > man inherently evilPuritans > man inherently evil
Puritan society intolerant, suppressed Puritan society intolerant, suppressed dissentdissent
Religion in New England colonies pervasiveReligion in New England colonies pervasive
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial EducationColonial Education
o The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies
Dispersed population inhibited school Dispersed population inhibited school growthgrowth
Education private, individual matter; Education private, individual matter; parents’ jobparents’ job
Tutors common among landed gentry; Tutors common among landed gentry; charity schools by religions, charity schools by religions, philanthropiesphilanthropies
Private schools grow slowlyPrivate schools grow slowly
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial EducationColonial Education
o The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies
Sought Renaissance, English education > Sought Renaissance, English education > culture, classics, histories, law, music, culture, classics, histories, law, music, science, medicinescience, medicine
First “free school” in VA 1635, endowed First “free school” in VA 1635, endowed by Symmes; another 1659 by Eaton > by Symmes; another 1659 by Eaton > merged 1805 > Hamptonmerged 1805 > Hampton
College of William and Mary 1693; first College of William and Mary 1693; first Phi Beta Kappa Society 1776; Jefferson, Phi Beta Kappa Society 1776; Jefferson, Marshall, Monroe studentsMarshall, Monroe students
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial EducationColonial Education
o The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies
Diversity inhibited schooling; little social Diversity inhibited schooling; little social cohesioncohesion
Each religion > parish school; followed Each religion > parish school; followed sectarian linessectarian lines
In PA, Quakers, Germans > practical In PA, Quakers, Germans > practical trainingtraining
Religious instruction all, skill or trade for Religious instruction all, skill or trade for those ^ 12 y/othose ^ 12 y/o
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial EducationColonial Education
o The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies
Dutch in NY followed southern pattern > Dutch in NY followed southern pattern > European model, Holland’s Dutch European model, Holland’s Dutch Reformed teachingsReformed teachings
Dutch resisted English influenceDutch resisted English influence
Anglicans less education emphasis, Anglicans less education emphasis, despite Kings College (Columbia)despite Kings College (Columbia)
Diverse cultures, two dominant Diverse cultures, two dominant languages slowed NY schoolinglanguages slowed NY schooling
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial EducationColonial Educationo The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies
Two types primary schools: Dame schools Two types primary schools: Dame schools and reading, writing schools for poor; and reading, writing schools for poor; Latin grammar schools for sons of elitesLatin grammar schools for sons of elites
Dame schools English; first schooling for Dame schools English; first schooling for boys, often only for girls; parent fees; boys, often only for girls; parent fees; homes of widows, unmarried womenhomes of widows, unmarried women
Reading, writing schools in larger Reading, writing schools in larger communities; more reading than writing > communities; more reading than writing > religious instruction, The Biblereligious instruction, The Bible
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial EducationColonial Educationo The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies
Puritan influence > harsh schooling > Puritan influence > harsh schooling > punishments severepunishments severe
All teaching revolved around Puritan All teaching revolved around Puritan interpretation of Bibleinterpretation of Bible
Boston Latin School (1635), under public Boston Latin School (1635), under public control, partially supported by public control, partially supported by public fundsfunds
Other Latin grammar schools followed in Other Latin grammar schools followed in small, compact New England settlementssmall, compact New England settlements
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial EducationColonial Education
o The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies
Modeled on English Latin schools; Modeled on English Latin schools; stressed classics, religionstressed classics, religion
Latin schools pathway to Harvard (1636), Latin schools pathway to Harvard (1636), first colonial collegefirst colonial college
Harvard > training for Puritan clergyHarvard > training for Puritan clergy
Massachusetts Acts of 1642, 1647 > civic Massachusetts Acts of 1642, 1647 > civic influence on edinfluence on ed
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
Colonial EducationColonial Educationo The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies
1642 > first ed law in colonies > literacy 1642 > first ed law in colonies > literacy checks on children; parental responsibility, checks on children; parental responsibility, not schools not schools
1647 > “Old Deluder Satan” Act > schools 1647 > “Old Deluder Satan” Act > schools for religion; 50 households > one teacher; for religion; 50 households > one teacher; 100 households > Latin grammar for 100 households > Latin grammar for HarvardHarvard
“ “Old Deluder Satan” Act basis for public Old Deluder Satan” Act basis for public schools in MAschools in MA
Puritan leaders >schooling for religion; no Puritan leaders >schooling for religion; no interest in schooling for democracy > worst interest in schooling for democracy > worst form of politicsform of politics
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
American Ed’s 1American Ed’s 1stst Moment – The Moment – The PastPast
o British HegemonyBritish Hegemony 18th c. > spread of English political, 18th c. > spread of English political,
military economic might worldwidemilitary economic might worldwide Consolidated power, influence North Consolidated power, influence North
America, elsewhere > setting stage for America, elsewhere > setting stage for Britain’s Age of EmpireBritain’s Age of Empire
Emerging commercial superpower > like Emerging commercial superpower > like Greece, Rome center of global trade, Greece, Rome center of global trade, commercecommerce
Economic expansion, commercial interests Economic expansion, commercial interests protected by shot and sword > England’s protected by shot and sword > England’s “wooden wall” – The Royal Navy“wooden wall” – The Royal Navy
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
American Ed’s 1American Ed’s 1stst Moment – The Past Moment – The Past
o British HegemonyBritish Hegemony
Global hegemony: Trafalgar (1805), Waterloo Global hegemony: Trafalgar (1805), Waterloo (1815) > #1 superpower for next 100 years(1815) > #1 superpower for next 100 years
Consolidated British Isles into Great Britain > Consolidated British Isles into Great Britain > bloody, brutal affair > none more than Scotsbloody, brutal affair > none more than Scots
1707 Act of Union brought Scotland under 1707 Act of Union brought Scotland under England > Scots unhappy as “Northern England > Scots unhappy as “Northern Britons”Britons”
England crushed dissent in ScotlandEngland crushed dissent in Scotland
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
American Ed’s 1American Ed’s 1stst Moment – The Past Moment – The Past
o British HegemonyBritish Hegemony
Scottish Diaspora > 3-million left; many, Scottish Diaspora > 3-million left; many, maybe half, to Americamaybe half, to America
Not largest immigrant group; perhaps most Not largest immigrant group; perhaps most educatededucated
Like Puritans, Scot influence in colony, early Like Puritans, Scot influence in colony, early Republic vastly outweighed their numbersRepublic vastly outweighed their numbers
Scot influence on early education unequaledScot influence on early education unequaled
History of American EducationHistory of American Education
AssignmentsAssignmentso Readings:Readings:
Urban & Wagoner Text: Chaps. 1 & 2Urban & Wagoner Text: Chaps. 1 & 2
o Written:Written: Complete Family Educational History Complete Family Educational History
PaperPaper
