History AL Tamil - valvai.com · 1 1.0 mwpKfk; 2007 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; Gjpa fy;tpr;...
Transcript of History AL Tamil - valvai.com · 1 1.0 mwpKfk; 2007 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; Gjpa fy;tpr;...
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fy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu cau;jufy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu cau;jufy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu cau;jufy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu cau;jufy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu cau;ju
tuyhWtuyhWtuyhWtuyhWtuyhW
ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;
juk; 12 - 13juk; 12 - 13juk; 12 - 13juk; 12 - 13juk; 12 - 13(,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;)(,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;)(,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;)(,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;)(,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;)
r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw
nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
kfufkkfufkkfufkkfufkkfufk
1
1.0 mwpKfk;1.0 mwpKfk;1.0 mwpKfk;1.0 mwpKfk;1.0 mwpKfk;
2007 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; Gjpa fy;tpr; rPu;j;jpUj;jj;Jf;F mikthf fy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu
cau;juj;jpw;fhd ,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKYf;F tUfpd;wJ. NkYk; tuyhW ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ Njrpa
nfhs;iffSf;F mikthfTk; khztuplj;Nj Nju;r;rpfis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Nfw;wthWk; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Gjpa ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 4 gFjpfis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. mitahtd>
1. tuyhW : ,yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye; njhlf;fk; fp.gp. 1978 tiu)
2. tuyhW : ,e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk; fp.gp. 1206 tiu)
3. tuyhW : INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; fp.gp. 1989 tiu)
4. tuyhW : etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; fp.gp. 1989 tiu)
tuyhw;iwf; fw;Fk; midj;J khztu;fSk; ,yq;if tuyhW ghlj;jpl;lj;ijf; fl;lhak; gapy Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; ,e;jpa
tuyhW> INuhg;gpa tuyhW, etPd cyf tuyhW Mfpatw;wpy; tpUg;gj;Nju;tpd; mbg;gilapy; fl;lhak; VjhtnjhU gFjpiaj;
njupe;njLj;Jg; gapYjYk; Ntz;Lk;.
,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf tpla cs;slf;fj;jpYk; khw;wq;fs; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.
••••• ,yq;if tuyhW :-,yq;if tuyhW :-,yq;if tuyhW :-,yq;if tuyhW :-,yq;if tuyhW :-• gioa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; “etPd Vfhjpgj;jpa tsu;r;rp” vDk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; kp\dupf; fy;tp Kiw kw;Wk; Mq;fpNyaupd;
fy;tpf; nfhs;if (fd;dq;fu rPu;j;jpUj;jq;fs; tiu) kl;LNk fhzg;gl;lJ. Gjpa rPu;j;jpUj;jj;jpd;gb mj;jiyg;G
“,ytrf; fy;tpapd; tsu;r;rpp” vDk; cg jiyg;gpd; fPo; 1981 Mk; Mz;L tiuapyhd tsu;r;rpiaAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.
• Nrhy;gup ahg;G kw;Wk; Rje;jpuk; tiuapyhd gioa ghlj;jpl;lk; “Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;du; ,yq;if” vDk; Gjpa jiyg;gpd;
fPo; Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;du; Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; nraw;ghLfs;> 1972 tiu
ghuhSkd;w Kiwapd; tsu;r;rp> 1978 epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;l [dhjpgjp Ml;rpKiw vDk; jiyg;GfSk;
cs;slq;Fk; tpjj;jpy; Gjpaghlj;jpl;lk; tpupthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2
••••• ,e;jpa tuyhW :-,e;jpa tuyhW :-,e;jpa tuyhW :-,e;jpa tuyhW :-,e;jpa tuyhW :-
,jpy; khw;wq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.
••••• INuhg;gpa tuyhW :-INuhg;gpa tuyhW :-INuhg;gpa tuyhW :-INuhg;gpa tuyhW :-INuhg;gpa tuyhW :-• INuhg;gpa ehfupfj;ij khw;wpaikg;gjpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa rf;jpfs;> mnkupf;f Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lk;> ,uz;lhk;
cyf kfh Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; cyfk; vDk; %d;W Gjpa jiyg;Gfs; cs;slf;fg;gl;L;s;sd.
• gioa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd;gb INuhg;gpa tuyhW INuhg;gh etPd fhyj;Js; gpuNtrpg;gJld; Muk;gkhdJ> Mdhy; Gjpa
ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; INuhg;gpa ehfupfj;jpy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs; gw;wpf; fye;Jiuahlg;gLk;. mjd;gb fpNuf;f> cNuhk>
fpwp];jt kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfq;fs; INuhg;ghit fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;s tpjk; Muk;gj; jiyg;ghFk;.
• mnkupf;f Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lk; vDk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; mnkupf;fhtpy; Kjypy; FbNawpatu;fs;> FbNaw;wq;fs;
mikf;fg;gl;lik> Rje;jpug;Nghuhl;lKk; mjd; tpisTfSk; vDk; tplaq;fs; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
• ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh Aj;jj;Jld; Kbtile;j gioa ghlj;jpl;lj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf “,uz;lhk; cyf Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du;
cyfk;” vDk; jiyg;G Gjpa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,Wjpj; jiyg;ghf mike;Js;sJ. ,jd; fPo; Kjyhspj;Jt> Nrh\ypr
mzpfs; kw;Wk; mzpNruh mikg;G> gdpg;Nghu;> nfhs;if Nkhjy;fs;> If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; nraw;ghLfs; Kjypa
fhuzpfs; cs;thq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
• ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j jiyg;Gfspd; cs;slf;fq;fspy; khw;wq;fs; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. gioa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy;
fhzg;gl;l ,j;jhypia If;fpag;gLj;jy;> N[u;kdpia xw;Wikg;gLj;jy; vDk; jiyg;GfSf;Fg; gjpyhf 1815 ,d; gpd;du;
ypguy; thj> Njrpa thj rpe;jidfspdJk; rf;jpfspdJk; tsu;r;rp vd khw;wg;gl;L ,r; rpe;jidfspd; gpuNahfr; nraw;ghLfspd;
fPo; ,j;jhyp If;fpag;gLjy;> N[u;kdp If;fpag;gLjy; vDk; tplaq;fs; cs;thq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
••••• etPd cyf tuyhW :-etPd cyf tuyhW :-etPd cyf tuyhW :-etPd cyf tuyhW :-etPd cyf tuyhW :-• ,e;jpah kw;Wk; INuhg;gh vDk; njupTf;Fupa tplag; gug;gpDs; “etPd cyf tuyhW” vDk; Gjpa ghlk; ,q;F
mwpKfk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; fPo; 1500 fspd; gpd;du; Mrpa> Mgpupf;f> INuhg;gpa> mnkupf;f tyaq;fspy; epfo;e;j
rk;gtq;fs; fw;wYf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
• ,g;ghlj;jpl;lk; 12k;> 13k; juq;fSf;Fupait. mjw;Nfw;g fPo;tUk; mbg;gilapy; ghl cs;slf;fj;ij me;je;jj; juj;jpy;
nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F xOq;FgLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
3
2.02.02.02.02.0 ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;
• fhy xOq;F> %yhjhu tpku;rpg;G> fhuz fhupaj; njhlu;G vd;gtw;wpD}lhff; fl;bnaOg;gLk; gFj;jha;T uPjpahd gapy;itAk;
mwpitAk; eilKiw tho;f;ifapy; gad;gLj;jy;.
• RNjr jdpj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; Njrpa xUikg;ghl;bw;Fk; top mikf;Fk; fhuzpfisg; gFg;gha;jy;.
• fle;j fhyj;ijf; fw;gjhy; fpilf;Fk; tpsf;fj;ijf; nfhz;L epfo;fhyj;ijg; Gupe;Jnfhs;sy;.
• fhyj;ijAk; gpuNjrj;ijAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ehfupfq;fspd; tsu;r;rpiaf; fw;W r%fj;jpy; epyTk; gy;tifikapD}lhf
,ioNahLk; nghJthd gz;Gfis mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.
• Njrpa gpur;rpidfis xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; Muha Kd;tuy;.
4
tplak; tplak; tplak; tplak; tplak; ,yq;if ,yq;if ,yq;if ,yq;if ,yq;if ,e;jpa,e;jpa,e;jpa,e;jpa,e;jpa INuhg;gpa INuhg;gpa INuhg;gpa INuhg;gpa INuhg;gpa cyfcyfcyfcyfcyf
tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW
1 Mk; jtiz1 Mk; jtiz1 Mk; jtiz1 Mk; jtiz1 Mk; jtiz 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 3.1> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 3.1> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 3.1> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 3.1> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 3.1> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5>
3.2> 4.1> 4.2> 5.1 3.1> 3.23.2> 4.1> 4.2> 5.1 3.1> 3.23.2> 4.1> 4.2> 5.1 3.1> 3.23.2> 4.1> 4.2> 5.1 3.1> 3.23.2> 4.1> 4.2> 5.1 3.1> 3.2 2.3> 3.12.3> 3.12.3> 3.12.3> 3.12.3> 3.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
5.2> 5.35.2> 5.35.2> 5.35.2> 5.35.2> 5.3
juk; 12 2 Mk; jtiz juk; 12 2 Mk; jtiz juk; 12 2 Mk; jtiz juk; 12 2 Mk; jtiz juk; 12 2 Mk; jtiz 5.4> 5.5> 5.6> 5.75.4> 5.5> 5.6> 5.75.4> 5.5> 5.6> 5.75.4> 5.5> 5.6> 5.75.4> 5.5> 5.6> 5.7 3.3> 4.13.3> 4.13.3> 4.13.3> 4.13.3> 4.1 3.2> 3.3> 4.1> 4.2>3.2> 3.3> 4.1> 4.2>3.2> 3.3> 4.1> 4.2>3.2> 3.3> 4.1> 4.2>3.2> 3.3> 4.1> 4.2> 2.1> 3.1> 3.2> 4.1> 4.2 2.1> 3.1> 3.2> 4.1> 4.2 2.1> 3.1> 3.2> 4.1> 4.2 2.1> 3.1> 3.2> 4.1> 4.2 2.1> 3.1> 3.2> 4.1> 4.2
5.8> 6.15.8> 6.15.8> 6.15.8> 6.15.8> 6.1 5.15.15.15.15.1
3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz 6.3> 6.4> 7.1> 7.2>6.3> 6.4> 7.1> 7.2>6.3> 6.4> 7.1> 7.2>6.3> 6.4> 7.1> 7.2>6.3> 6.4> 7.1> 7.2> 4.2> 5.1> 5.2> 5.34.2> 5.1> 5.2> 5.34.2> 5.1> 5.2> 5.34.2> 5.1> 5.2> 5.34.2> 5.1> 5.2> 5.3 6.1> 6.2> 6.3> 7.1>6.1> 6.2> 6.3> 7.1>6.1> 6.2> 6.3> 7.1>6.1> 6.2> 6.3> 7.1>6.1> 6.2> 6.3> 7.1> 4.3> 4.4> 4.5 5.1> 5.2> 4.3> 4.4> 4.5 5.1> 5.2> 4.3> 4.4> 4.5 5.1> 5.2> 4.3> 4.4> 4.5 5.1> 5.2> 4.3> 4.4> 4.5 5.1> 5.2>
7 .37.37.37.37.3 7.2> 8.1> 8.27.2> 8.1> 8.27.2> 8.1> 8.27.2> 8.1> 8.27.2> 8.1> 8.2 5.3> 5.4 5.3> 5.4 5.3> 5.4 5.3> 5.4 5.3> 5.4
1 Mk; jtiz 1 Mk; jtiz 1 Mk; jtiz 1 Mk; jtiz 1 Mk; jtiz 8.1> 8.2> 9.1> 9.2>8.1> 8.2> 9.1> 9.2>8.1> 8.2> 9.1> 9.2>8.1> 8.2> 9.1> 9.2>8.1> 8.2> 9.1> 9.2> 6.1> 6.2> 7.1> 7.2 9.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2 7.1> 7.2> 8.1> 8.2> 9.16.1> 6.2> 7.1> 7.2 9.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2 7.1> 7.2> 8.1> 8.2> 9.16.1> 6.2> 7.1> 7.2 9.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2 7.1> 7.2> 8.1> 8.2> 9.16.1> 6.2> 7.1> 7.2 9.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2 7.1> 7.2> 8.1> 8.2> 9.16.1> 6.2> 7.1> 7.2 9.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2 7.1> 7.2> 8.1> 8.2> 9.1
9.3> 10.19.3> 10.19.3> 10.19.3> 10.19.3> 10.1
juk; 13 juk; 13 juk; 13 juk; 13 juk; 13 2 Mk; jtiz 2 Mk; jtiz 2 Mk; jtiz 2 Mk; jtiz 2 Mk; jtiz 10.2> 10.3> 11.1>10.2> 10.3> 11.1>10.2> 10.3> 11.1>10.2> 10.3> 11.1>10.2> 10.3> 11.1> 8.1> 8.2> 8.3> 9.1> 11.1> 11.2> 12.1>8.1> 8.2> 8.3> 9.1> 11.1> 11.2> 12.1>8.1> 8.2> 8.3> 9.1> 11.1> 11.2> 12.1>8.1> 8.2> 8.3> 9.1> 11.1> 11.2> 12.1>8.1> 8.2> 8.3> 9.1> 11.1> 11.2> 12.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2> 10.3> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2> 10.3> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2> 10.3> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2> 10.3> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2> 10.3>
11.2> 12.1> 12.2>11.2> 12.1> 12.2>11.2> 12.1> 12.2>11.2> 12.1> 12.2>11.2> 12.1> 12.2> 9 .29.29.29.29.2 12.212.212.212.212.2 11.1> 11.2 11.1> 11.2 11.1> 11.2 11.1> 11.2 11.1> 11.2
13.1> 13.213.1> 13.213.1> 13.213.1> 13.213.1> 13.2
3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz 14.1> 14.2> 15.1>14.1> 14.2> 15.1>14.1> 14.2> 15.1>14.1> 14.2> 15.1>14.1> 14.2> 15.1> 10.1> 10.2> 11.1>10.1> 10.2> 11.1>10.1> 10.2> 11.1>10.1> 10.2> 11.1>10.1> 10.2> 11.1> 13.1> 13.2> 14.1>13.1> 13.2> 14.1>13.1> 13.2> 14.1>13.1> 13.2> 14.1>13.1> 13.2> 14.1> 12.1> 12.2> 12.3> 12.1> 12.2> 12.3> 12.1> 12.2> 12.3> 12.1> 12.2> 12.3> 12.1> 12.2> 12.3>
16.1> 16.2> 17.1>16.1> 16.2> 17.1>16.1> 16.2> 17.1>16.1> 16.2> 17.1>16.1> 16.2> 17.1> 11.2> 11.3> 11.411.2> 11.3> 11.411.2> 11.3> 11.411.2> 11.3> 11.411.2> 11.3> 11.4 14.2> 15.1> 15.214.2> 15.1> 15.214.2> 15.1> 15.214.2> 15.1> 15.214.2> 15.1> 15.2 13.1> 13.2> 13.3> 13.4 13.1> 13.2> 13.3> 13.4 13.1> 13.2> 13.3> 13.4 13.1> 13.2> 13.3> 13.4 13.1> 13.2> 13.3> 13.4
17.217.217.217.217.2 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5
jtizfSf;Fupa cj;Njr Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;jtizfSf;Fupa cj;Njr Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;jtizfSf;Fupa cj;Njr Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;jtizfSf;Fupa cj;Njr Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;jtizfSf;Fupa cj;Njr Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;
5
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
1.0 fhy xOq;F> %yh
jhu t pku ; r p g ; G >
fh uz fhu paj ;
njhlu;G vd;gtw;wpd;
Clhff; fl;bnaOg;
gg;gLk; gFj;jha;T
uPjpahd gapy;itAk;
mwpitAk; eil
Kiw tho;f;ifapy;
gad;gLj;Jthu;.
2.0 cz;zhl;L kw;Wk;
ntsp miktplj;jpw;
Nfw ; g ehl ; bd ;
tuyhW jPu;khdpf;fg;
gLfpwJ vd;gjw;fhd
fhuzpfis Kd;
itg;ghu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
1.1 ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fsp
D}lhf tuyhw;W tplaq;
fisf; fl;bnaOg;gj;jf;f
tpjj;ijg; gFj;jha;thu;.
1.2 njhy;nghUspay; %yhjh
uq;fspd; Clhf tuyhw;W
tplaq;fisf; fz;lwpaj;
jf;f tpjj;ijj; Njbawp
thu;.
2.1 ,yq;ifapd; ehfupfk;
,irtiltjpy; Gtpapay;
fhuzpfs; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;jpa tpjj;ijg; gFj;
jha;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
10
10
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;iwf; fw;gjw;fhd %yhjhuq;fs;
• %yhjhuq;fis tifg;gLj;jy;
• ,yf;fpaq;fs;
• cs;ehl;L
• ntspehl;L
• njhy;ypay;
• ,bghLfs;
• rpyhrhrdk;
• ehzak;
• ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;iw ,irtiltjpy; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;jpa Gtpapaw; fhuzpfs;
• ,yq;ifapd; Gtpapay; miktplk;
• Gtpapay; miktplk; tuyhw;wpd; kPJ nrYj;jpa
jhf;fk;
3.03.03.03.03.0 ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;
3.13.13.13.13.1 juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12
,yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye;njhlf;fk; 1978 tiu),yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye;njhlf;fk; 1978 tiu),yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye;njhlf;fk; 1978 tiu),yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye;njhlf;fk; 1978 tiu),yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye;njhlf;fk; 1978 tiu)
6
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
3.0 ,yq;if ehfupfj;
jpd; Muk;gk;> tsu;
r;rp> guk;gy; vd;g
tw;iw Muha;e;J
tuyhw;wpd; tsu;r;rp
kw;Wk; Nghf;Ffs;
gw;wpa tpsf;fj;Jld;
nraw;gLthu;.
4.0 xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l
rkaj;jpD}lhf xOf;
fkhd r%fk; fl;b
naOg;gg;gLk; Kiw
gw;wpa tplaq;fspy;
ftdQ ;nrYj ; j p >
ew;gz;Gfis ghJ
fhf;f gq;fspg;ghu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
3.1 ,yq;iff;F ePz;l fhy
jdpj;Jtkhd tuyhw;Wg;
gpd;dzp cs;sJ vd;
gij tuyhw ;Wf ;F
Ke;jpa fhyj;jpD}lhf
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
3.2 ,yq;ifapd; Muk;gf;
FbNaw;wq;fs; gw;wp
tpgupg;gjD}lhf fhyj;
jpw;Fk; miktpw;Fk;
Vw;g ,yq;ifapd; ehupf
tsu;r;rp gw;wp mwpe;J
nfhs;thu;.
4.1 ngsj;jj;jpw;F Kw;gl;l
fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l
topghLfSk; ek;gpf;if
fSk; gw;wpj; njupe;J
nfhs;thu;.
4.2 ,yq ;ifr ; r%fk ;
ngsj;j rkaj;jpD}lhf
fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l tpjk;
gw;wp jfty;fis Kd;
itg;ghu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
06
10
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• ,yq;ifapd; Guhjd fhyk;
• Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fSf;F Kd;ida fhyk;
• Muk;gf ; FbNaw ;wq ;fSk; guk ;gyiljYk; -
tp[adpypUe;J Njthdk;gpajp];]d; tiu
• ,yq;ifapy; ngsj;j rkak; Muk;gkhjYk; guk;gyil
jYk;
• kfpe;j Njuupd; tUiff;F Kd; fhzg;gl;l topghL
fSk; ek;gpf;iffSk;
• ngsj;j rkak; Muk;gkhjYk; guTjYk;
• ,e;jpag; gpd;dzp
• ,yq;ifapy; ngsj;j rkak; Muk;gkhjy;
• ngsj;j rkak; Muk;gkhd gpd;du; ,yq;ifapy;
Vw;gl;l r%f gz;ghl;L NtWghLfs;
7
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp5.0 ,yq;ifapd; gy;NtW
fhyfl;lq;fspYk;
Vw ;gl ;l murpay;
Njhw ;wg ;ghLfis
mw ptjd ; %yk ;
ngw;w mDgtj;jhy;
e pfo ;fhyj;ijAk;
vj pu ;fhyj ;ijAk ;
tsg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;
tjw;fhf mtw;iwg;
g p u N a h r d k h d
Kiwapy; gad;gLj;
jpf; nfhs;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;5.1 Ml;rpahsu;fspd; Fztp
ay;Gfspd; mbg;gil
apy; murpd; vOr;rpia
Ak ; t Po ; r ; r piaAk ;
mDuhjGu ,uhrjhdp
mur pay pd ; Clhf
tpgupg;ghu;.
5.2 ntspehl;L nry;thf;F
fspD}lhf ehl ;bd ;
tuyhW khw;wkilAk;
Kiwapidg; gw;wpa
jfty;fis mDuhjGu
,uhrjhd p Clhf
Nrfupg;ghu;.
5.3 mDuhjGu uhr;rpaj;jpd;
vOr;rpf;Fk; tPo;r;rpf;Fk;
gq;fspj;j fhuzpfis
ju;f;fuPjpahf Muha;thu;.
5.4 ntspehl;L nry;thf;F
fspd; fhuzkhf ehl;
bd; tuyhW khw;wkil
Ak; tpjk; njhlu;ghd
jfty;fis nghyd
Wit uhrjhdpA+lhfr;
Nrfupg;ghu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis45
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;• uh[ul;il ehfupfj;jpd; murpay; tsu;r;rp.
• mDuhjGu uh[jhdp
• gz;Lfhga kd;ddpypUe;J Ie;jhk; k`pe;j
kd;dd; tiuapyhd murpay; tsu;r;rp
• ntspehLfSld; epytpa njhlu;GfSk; mtw;wpd;
nry;thf;FfSk;
• murpd; tsu;r;rp
• epu;thf Kiw
• mDuhjGu uhrjhdpapd; rPu;FiyTk; tPo;r;rpAk;
• nghyd;dWit uh[jhdp
• Nrhou; Ml;rp
8
Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
5.5 Ml;rpahsupd; Fztpay;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy;murpd; vOr;rp> tPo;r;rpmilAk; tpjq;fisnghydWit ,uhrjhdpapD}lhf tpgupg;ghu;.
5.6 Guhjd fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ngz;fspd; caupajiyikj;Jtj;ij kjpg;ghu;.
5.7 ntspehl;L nry;thf;Ffs; %yk; ehl ;bd ;tuyhW khw;wkilAk;tpjk; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis nghydWit,uhrjhdp Clhfr ;Nrfupg;ghu;.
5.8 gyk;kpf;f ,uhrjhdpahf tpsq;fpa nghydWita pd ; vOr ; r p >tPo;r;rpf;fhd fhuzq;fis ju;f;f uPjpahffl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• Kjyhk; tp[aghF kd;ddpypUe;J fhypq;f khfd;tiuapyhd murpay; tsu;r;rp
• ngz;fspd; jiyikj;Jtk;
• ntspehLfSld; nfhz;bUe;j cwTfSk; mtw;wpd;tsu;r;rpAk;• murpd; tsu;r;rp• epu;thf Kiw
• nghyd;dWit uh[jhdpapd; rPu;FiyTk; tPo;r;rpAk;
9
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
6.0 u[ul;il ehfupfj;
jpd; nghUshjhuk;
kw;Wk; r%fk; gw;wp
EZfp Muha;e ;J
Njrpa mUQ;nry;
tq;fisAk; jdpj;J
tj;ijAk; ghJfhf;f
nraw;gLthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
6.1 u[ul;il ehfupfj;jpd;capu;ehbahf tptrhak;xOq ;fikf ;fg ; gl ; ltpjj ;ij Muha;e ;Jmjd; Kd;khjpupfisepfo;fhyj;Jld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;g;ghu;.
6.2 tws; tyaj;jpw;F ePu;g;ghrdk; gw;wp Muha;e;JGuhjd mUQ;nry;tq;fisg; ghJfhf;f Kd;tUthu;.
6.3 u[ul;il ehfupfj;jpd;tpahghuk;> ifj;njhopy;kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gk;vd;gd me;ehfupfj;ijf;f l ; b naOg ; G t j p y ;gq ;fspj ;j tpjj ;ijMuha;e;J mt;tUQ;nry;tq;fis njhlu;e;Jk; ghJfhf;Fk; tifapy; nraw;gLthu;.
6.4 u[ul;il ehfupfj;jpd;gz;ghl;L Nkk;ghL gw;wpNjbawpe;J mjd; jdpj;Jtj;ij ghJfhf;Fk;tifapy; nraw;gLthu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
40
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• u[ul;il ehfupfj;jpd; nghUshjhu KiwikAk;r%fKk;• tptrhak;
• ePu;g;ghrdk;
• tpahghuKk; ifj;njhopYk; njhopDl;gKk;
• gz;ghl;L tsu;r;rp
10
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
7.0 ,yq;ifapy; gy;NtW
fhyfl ; lq ; fs py ;
epfo;e;j r%f> murp
ay;> nghUshjhu
tsu;r;rp gw;wp Muha;
e;J mtw;wpy; cs;s
Kd; khj pu pfis
jw ;fhyk ; kw ;Wk ;
v j p u ; f h y j ; i j
ntw;wpailar; nra;
ag; gaDWjpkpf;f
tifapy; gad;gLj;J
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
7.1 nghydWit ,uhrjhdp
tPo;r;rpaile;j gpd;du;
Njhd;wpa ,uhrjhdpfs;
gw ;w pa jfty;fis
Nrfupg;ghu;.
7.2 nghydWit tPo;r;rpa
ile;j gpd;du; Njhd;wpa
,uhrjhdpfs; ntspehL
fSld; nfhz;bUe;j
njhlu ;Gfs ; kw ;Wk ;
mtw;wpd; nry;thf;Ffs;
gw;wp tpgupg;ghu;.
7.3 nghydWit tPo;r;rpa
ile;j gpd;du; Njhd;wpa
,uhrjhdpfsJ r%f>
nghUshjhu> gz;ghl;L
jfty ;fis EZfp
Nehf;fp mjd; jdpj;J
tj ;ij ghJfhf ; f
gq;fspg;ghu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
30
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• u[ul;il ehfupfk; tPo;r;rpaile;j fhyk; njhl;L 16
Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gk; tiuapyhd ,yq;if
• ,uhrjhdpfs; ,l khw;wkiljy;> jk;gnjdpa>
ahg;g$t> FUzhfy;> fk;gis> Nfhl;il
• aho;g;ghz ,uhrjhdp
• ntspehLfSld; nfhz;bUe;j njhlu;GfSk;
mtw;wpd; nry;thf;FfSk;
• nghUshjhuk;
• r%fk;> gz;ghL
11
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
1.0 fhy xOq;F> %yh
jhu t pku ; r p g ; G >
fh uz fhu paj ;
njhlu;G vd;gtw;wpd;
Clhf fl;bnaOg;
gg;gLk; gFj;jha;T
uPjpahd gapy;it
Ak ; mw pitAk ;
eilKiw tho;f;
ifapy; gad;gLj;
Jthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
1.1 ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;f
s pd ; JizAld ;
,e;jpa tuyhW fl;b
naOg;gg;gl;l tpjk;
gw;wp Muha;e;jwpthu;.
1.2 ,e;jpa tuyhw;iwf;
fl ; bnaOg ; Gtj py ;
njhy;ypay; %yhjhuq;
fs ; gq ;fs p g ; G r ;
nra;Js;s tpjk; gw;wp
Muha;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
08
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• Kf;fpa tuyhw;W %yhjhuq;fs;
• ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fs;
• njhy;nghUspay; %yhjhuq;fs;
3.23.23.23.23.2 juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12
,e;jpa tuyhW (Guhjd fhye;njhlf;fk; 1206 tiu),e;jpa tuyhW (Guhjd fhye;njhlf;fk; 1206 tiu),e;jpa tuyhW (Guhjd fhye;njhlf;fk; 1206 tiu),e;jpa tuyhW (Guhjd fhye;njhlf;fk; 1206 tiu),e;jpa tuyhW (Guhjd fhye;njhlf;fk; 1206 tiu)
12
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
2.0 fhyk;> ,lk; Mfpa
tw;iw mbg;gil
ahff ; nfhz ;L
ehfupfj;jpd; tsu;r;rp
ia fw;ifapy; r%
fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;
NtWghLfspD}lhf
, i o N a h L k ;
nghJg; gz;Gfisg;
gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
2.1 ,e;jpahtpd; Gtpapay;
mikT mjd; tuyhw;
w py ; nry ;thf ;Fr ;
nrYj;jpa tpjj;ij
Muha;e;J tpsf;fk;
ngWthu;.
2.2 ,e;jpahtpd; tprhyj;
jd;ikAk; gy;tif
ikAk; ,e;jpa tu
yhw;wpy; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;jpAs;s tpjj;
ij Muha;e;jwpthu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
14
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• Gtpapay; fhuzpfs; ,e;jpa tuyhw;wpy; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;jpa tpjk;
• ,e;jpahtpd; Gtpapay; mikT (cs;thup/ntspthup)
• kj;jpa MrpahtpypUe;J Ntwhf mike;jpUj;jy;
• tlNky; fztha;> fbdg; ghij
• jiuj;Njhw;wk;
• ejpg; gs;sj;jhf;Ffs;> JiwKfq;fs;
• kiyj;njhlu;fs;
• gPlG+kpfSk; rkntspfSk;
• ghiytdq;fs;
• njd; ,e;jpahtpd; mikT
• ,e;jpahtpd; tprhyj;jd;ikAk; gy;tifikAk;
13
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
3.0 rpe;Jntsp ehfupfk;
kw ;Wk ; itjpfg ;
gz;Gfspd; Clhf
,e;jpa ehfupfj;jpd;
Njhw;wk; gw;wp guprP
ypg;ghu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
3.1 njhy ;nghUs pay ;
rhd;wpfspd; %yk;
rpe;Jntsp ehfupfj;
jpd; Njhw;wk;> jd;ik>
mjd; tPo;r;rp Mfpad
gw;wpa tuyhw;iwf;
fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
3.2 rpe;Jntsp ehfupfkh
dJ gpe;jpa ehfupf
tsu;r;rpf;Fg; gq;fspj;j
tpjj;ij Muha;thu;.
3.3 ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;
fspD}lhf itjPf
ehfupfk; njhlu;ghd
tuyhw;iw Muha;
thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
20
20
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• ,e;jpa ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;wk;
• rpe;Jntsp ehfupfk;
• Muk;gk; (cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L)
• tpuptiljy;
• rpe;Jntsp ehfupfj;jpd; efu ,ay;G
• Nkw;gb ehfupfj;jpd; gq;fspg;Gfs;
• efuhf;fk;
• nghUshjhuk;
• gz;ghL
• itjPfg; gz;Gfs;
• ,Uf;F itjPf Afk;
• Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fSk; gutYk;
• r%fk;> nghUshjhuk;> fyhrhuk;
• itjPf Afj;Jf;Fk; gpw;gl;l fhyk;
• r%fg; nghUshjhu epiy
• fyhrhuk;
14
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
4.0 ehfupfj;jpd; tsu;
r;rp gbg;gbahf Xu;
fhy xOq;fpy; ,lk;
ngWfpwJ vd;gij
, e ; j p a h t p d ;
tuyhw;W epfo;T
fspd; %yk; fl;b
naOg;Gthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
4.1 Nfhj;jpu Afj;jpypU
e ;J NguuR Afk ;
tiuf;Fk; ,e;j pa
ehfu pfk ; t pUj ;
jpaile;j tpjj;ijg;
guprPypg;ghu;.
4.2 rka kw;Wk; jj;Jtf;
fUj;Jf;fs; ,e;jpa
ehfu pfj ;ij fl ;b
naOg;g gq;fspj;j
Kiw gw;wp EZfp
Muha;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
30
12
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• NguuRk; tiu ,e;jpah
• murpay; epiyik
• itjPf Afj ;j pd ; g pd ;duhd mur pay ;
epiyikfs;
• fp.K. Vohk; Mwhk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; tl
,e;jpahtpy; murpay; epiyik
• gjpdhW khngUk; FbNaw;wq;fs;
• kfj Nguurpd; Njhw;wKk; guk;gYk;
• ,e;jpa rka kw;Wk; jj;Jtr; rpe;jidfspd; tsu;r;rp
• gpuhkzpak;> rkz rkak;> ngsj;j rkak;> NtW
rkaq;fs;
15
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
5.0 nksupa Nguurpd;
vOr ; r p kw ;Wk ;
tPo;r;rp Mfpatw;wp
D}lhf munrhd;
iw gyk; tha;e;j
tifapy; nfhz;L
nry;tjw;fhf gpd;
gw;w Ntz;ba fhu
zpfs; gw;wp ftdQ;
nrYj;Jthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
5.1 gyk;tha;e;j nksupa
Nguurpid fl;bnaOg;
gg;gl;l tpjk; gw;wp
gFg; gha;T nra;thu;.
5.2 NguuR xd;wpy; fhzg;
gl;l rpwg;ghd gz;G
fis nksupa Nguu
rpD}lhfg; guPl;rpg;ghu;.
5.3 gyk;tha;e;j NguuR
xd;wpd; tPo;r;rpapy;
nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;
Jk ; fhuz pfis
nksupag; NguurpD}
lhfg; gFg;gha;T nra;
thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
25
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• nksupag; NguuR
• nksupa mjpfhu tpupthf;fk;
• epu;thf Kiw
• mNrhf ePjp
• fyhrhu mgptpUj;jp
• nksupa Nguurpd; tPo;r;rp
16
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
1.0 gy;NtW rf;jpfspd;
Mj pf ;fj ;j pdhy ;
ehfupfj;ij fl;b
naOg;gg;gLk; tpjj;
ij INuhg ; g pa
ehfupfj;jpD}lhf
gFg;gha;T nra;
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
1.1 f pNuf ;f > cNuhk>
fpwp];jt ehfupfq;fs;
INuhg;gpa ehfupfj;
Jf;F mbg;gilahf
mike;j tpjk; gw;wp
gFj;jha;thu;.
1.2 typikkpf;f INuhg;gpa
ehfu pfj ;j pd ; k PJ
,];yhkpa ehfupfj;
jpd; jhf;fk; gw;wpg;
guprPypg;ghu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
15
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• INuhg;gpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;jpa rf;jpfs;
• fpNuf;f> cNuhk kw;Wk; fpwp];jt ehfupfk;
• fpNuf;f ehfupfk;
• cNuhk ehfupfk;
• fpwp];jt ehfupfk;
• ,];yhkpa ehfupfk;
3.3 juk; 123.3 juk; 123.3 juk; 123.3 juk; 123.3 juk; 12
INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 Kjy; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 Kjy; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 Kjy; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 Kjy; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 Kjy; 1989 tiu)
17
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
2.0 INuhg;ghtpy; epfo;
e ;j khw ;wq ;fs ;
cyfpy; nry;thf;
Fr; nrYj;jpa tpjj;
jpidg; gFg;gha;T
nra;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
2.1 khd pa Kiwa pd ;
Kf;fpa gz;Gfis
Muha;e;J INuhg;gpa
ehfupfj;jpd; tsu;r;rp
apd; Kf;fpa fl;lkhf
mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;
ijg; gFg;gha;T nra;
thu;.
2.2 INuhg;gpa ehfupfk;
etPd Afj;jpw;F gpu
Ntrpj;j tpjj;ij kW
kyu;r;rp> Gjpa fz;L
gpbg;Gf;fs;> Njrpa
muRfspd ; vOr ;r p
vd;gtw;w pd ; %yk;
gFg;gha;T nra;thu;.
2.3 ehLfhz; gazq;fs;>
INuhg;ghtpd; mjpfh
ug; guty; vd;gtw;wpd;
Clhfg; NguuRfs;
fl ;bnaOg ;gg ; gl ;l
tpjj;ijg; guPl;rpg;ghu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
18
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• INuhg;gh etPd Afj;jpy; gpuNtrpj;jy;
• khdpa KiwAk; mjd; tPo;r;rpAk;
• etPd Afj;jpy; gpuNtrpj;jy;
• kWkyu;r;rp
• Njrpa muRfspd; vOr;rp
• tpQ;Qhdf; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs;
• ehLfhz; gazq;fSk; INuhg;gpa Mjpf;f tsu;r;rpAk;
18
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
3.0 tsu ;r ;r paile ;J
te;j kdpj ehfupfk;
gy;NtW jhf;fq;fsp
dhy; gue;j khw;wq;f
Sf;F cs;shdJ
gw;wp tpsq;fp epfo;
f hyj ;ij vj p u ;
nfhs;Sk; jpwidg;
ngWthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
3.1 fpwp];jt ehfupfj;ij
m b g ; g i l a h f f ;
nfhz;L cUthfpap
Ue ; j INuhg ; g pa
ehfupfj;jpy;> rkar;
rPu;j;jpUj;jq;fs; Vw;
gl;likf;fhd fhuzq;
fisg; gFg;gha ;T
nra;thu;.
3.2 Gul;l];jhe;J> Gul;l];
jhe;J vjpu; eltbf;
iffshy; INuhg;gpa
tuyhw;wpy; epfo;e;j
khw;wq;fs; gw;wpa jf
ty;fisj; jpul;Lthu;.
3.3 N[u;kdpiag; Nghu;f;
fskhf ikag;gLj;jp
eilngw;w njhlu; Aj;
jq;fs; gw;wp Ma;e;jwp
thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
20
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• rkar; rPu;jpUj;jq;fSk; Gul;l];jhe;Jf;F vjpuhd
rPu;jpUj;jq;fSk;
• rkar; rPu;jpUj;jq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dzpahf mike;
jit
• Gul;l];jhe;J ,af;fk;
• Gul;l];jhe;J vjpu; rPu;jpUj;j ,af;fk;
• Kg;gjhz;L Aj;jk;
19
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
4.0 kdpj cupikfisg;
ngWk; nghUl;L
e Pz ;l fhykhf
Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;
sg;gl;l tpjj;ijg;
gFj;jha;thu;.
5.0 ifj;njhopy; Gul;rp>
kdpj eltbf;if
fs ; khw ; wkil
tjpy; gq;fspj;j
tpjk; gw;wpg; gFg;
gha;T nra;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
4.1 murdpd; mjpfhuj;ij
kPwp> ghuhSkd;wj;jpd;
mj pfhuj ;ij t pu p
thf;Fk; nghUl;L>
,q;fpyhe;J kf;fs;
Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;w
Nghuhl ; lk ; kd pj
,dj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;
jpw;F toptFj;j tpjk;
gw;wpg; gFj;jha;thu;.
4.2 ghuhSkd;w Kiwapd;
gpujhd ,ay;Gfisg;
gpupj;jhdpa Kiwik
apD}lhfj; gFj;jha;
thu;.
5.1 iffshy ; nra ;j
Ntiyfis ,ae;jpuq;
fsplk; xg ;gilj;j
njhopw; Gul;rpahdJ
cyfg; Nghf;ifNa
khw;wpaikj;j tpjk;
gw;wpa jfty;fisj;
jpul;Lthu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
13
13
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• gpupj;jhdpag; ghuhSkd;w Kiw
• ghuhSkd;w Kiwapd; Muk;gKk; tsu;r;rpAk;
tpisTfSk;
• ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ,ay;Gfs;
• gpujpepjpj;Jt Kiw
• fl;rp Kiw
• mikr;ruit Kiw
• ifj;njhopy; Gul;r;p
• Muk;gk;
• tpuptiljy;
• tpisTfs;
20
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
6.0 $l;lhfr; nraw;gL
tjd; %yk; jkJ
cupikfis ntd;
nwLf ;f KbAk ;
vd;gij mnkupf;f
Rje;jpu Nghuhl ;
lj;jpd; %yk; gFg;
gha;T nra;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
6.1 mnkupf;fhtpy; tho;e;j
Muk;gf; Fbkf;fs;
gw;wpa jfty;fisf;
Nfhitg;gLj;Jthu;.
6.2 jw ; f hy cyfk ;INuhg ; g pa
ehfupfj;jpw;F ,ir
thf;fk; ngw;w tpjj;
ijf; FbNaw;wq;fspd;
Njhw;wj;jpD}lhfg; guPl;
rpg;ghu;.
6.3 NguurpypUe;J tpL
jiy ngWk; nghUl;L
Nkw ;nfhs ;sg ; gl ;l
Nghuhl ;lk ; > e piw
Ntw ;w pf ; nfhz ;l
murpay; ahg;G vd;g
tw;wpdhy; mnkupf;f
Rje;jpug; Nghu; cyf
tuyhw;wpy; Kf;fpaj;
Jtk; ngWk; tpjj;ijg;
gFj;jha;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
12
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• mnkupf;f Rje;jpug;Nghuhl;lk;
• Muk;gf; Fbfs;
• INuhg;gpau; mnkupf;fhTf;F tUk;NghJ mq;F
tho;e;jtu;fs;
(nrt;tpe;jpau;> m];nlf;> ,d;fh> khah)
• FbNaw;wq;fs; Njhd;Wjy;
• INuhg;gpau; mnkupf;fhtpw;F te;jikf;fhd
fhuzq;fs;
• INuhg;gpau; (];ghdpau;> gpuhd;rpau;> Mq;fpNyau;)
mnkupf;fhtpy; FbNaw;wq;fis epWTjy;
• ,q;fpyhe;jpd; mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; FbNaw;wq;fs;
epUtfpf;fg;gl;l tpjk;
• Rje;jpug; Nghu;
• FbNaw;w thrpfspd; ntw;wpf;fhd fhuzq;fs;
• Rje;jpuk; ngwy;> Gjpa murpay; ahg;gpid epiw
Ntw;wpf; nfhz;lik.
21
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
7.0 fLikahd Nghuhl;
lj;jpd; %yk; ntd;
nwLj;j kdpj cup
ikfis ghJfhf;
Fk ; tifa py ;
nraw;gLthu;.
8.0 tuyhw;wpy; Kf;fpa
khd jdpahl;fsJ
e lt b f ; i f fs ;
tuyhw;iw fl;b
naOg;g gq;fspj;j
tpjj;ij gFg;gha;T
nra;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
7.1 gy;NtW Vw;wj;jho;Tfshy; Gul;rpfs; cUthF f p d ; w i k i agpuhd;rpag; Gul;rpapd;mbg;gilapy; gFj;jha;thu;;.
7.2 g p u hd ; r pa kf ;fs ;Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;wGul ;r papd; tpisTfs pd ; fhuzkhfngwg;gl;l kdpjdpd;mbg;gil cupikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fgq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.
8.1 n e g ; N g h y p ad p d ;r P u ; j p U j ; j q ; f s ; >gpuhd;rpa Njrpaj;ijfl;bnaOg;g gq;fspj;jKiwia tpsf;Fthu;.
8.2 jiyrpwe ;j Nguurdhfpa neg;NghypadJ Njhy;tpf ;fhdfhuzq;fisg; gFg;gha;T nra;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
15
15
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• gpuhd;rpag; Gul;rp• gpuhd;rpag; Gul;rpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
• gpuhd;rpd; gioa Kbahl;rp Kiw• gpuhd;rpag; Gul;rpf;F topNfhypa fhuzpfs;• Gul;rpapd; Muk;gKk; tsu;r;rpAk;• Gul;rpapd; Kf;fpa re;ju;g;gq;fs;
• Gul;rpapd; tpisTfs;
• neg;Nghypad; Nghdghl; kw;Wk; mtdJ NguuR• neg;Nghypad; gyk; ngWtjw;fhd fhuzpfs;• neg;NghypadJ rPu;jpUj;jq;fs;• neg;NghypadJ ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;iffs;
• neg;Nghypad; Njhy;tp mile;jikf;fhdfhuzq;fs;
22
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
1.0 etPd cyfpd; Njhw;
wj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dzp
ahf ,Ue;j INuhg;
g pa rf ;j pfisg;
gFj;jha;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
1.1 tzpf Kjyhspj;Jtj;
jpd; vOr;r p etPd
cyfpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F
top tFj;j tpjj;ijg;
gFj;jha;thu;.
1.2 kWkyu;r;rpapd; Clhf
Gjpa cyfk; Njhw;wk;
ngw;w tpjj;ijg; gFj;
jha;thu;.
1.3 kWkyu;r;rpapd; murp
ay; vOr;rpia Njrpa
muRfspd; vOr;rpapD}
lhfg; guprPypg;ghu;.
1.4 cyfpy; jdpikg;gl;b
Ue;j ehLfs; etPd
cyfj;Jld; njhlu;G
gl;l tpjj;ij ehL
fhz ; gazq ;fs ;
Clhfg; gFj;jha;thu;.
1.5 rkar;rPu;jpUj;jq;fs;
etPd cyfpd; Njhw;wj;
Jf ;Fg ; gq ;fs pg ; G
ey ;f pa t pjj ;ij
Ma;e;jwpthu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
30
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• etPd cyfpd; Njhw;wk;
• khdpa Kiwapd; tPo;r;rpAk; tzpf Kjyhspj;Jtj;
jpd; vOr;rpAk;
• kWkyu;r;rp
• Njrpa muRfspd; vOr;rp
• INuhg;gpaupd; ehLfhz; gaz ,af;fKk;> mjd;
tpupthf;fKk;
• rkar; rPu;jpUj;jq;fs;
3.43.43.43.43.4 juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12
etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 ,ypUe;J 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 ,ypUe;J 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 ,ypUe;J 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 ,ypUe;J 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 ,ypUe;J 1989 tiu)
23
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
2.0 cyfpd ; Vida
ehLfspy; murpay;>
r%f> nghUshjhu
Kiwapy; khw;wk;
V w ; g L t j w ; F
INuhg;gh vt;thW
gq;fspg;Gr; nra;
Js;sJ vd;gjid
gFj;jha;thu;.
3.0 Mrpahtpd; tuyhW
khw;wkiltjw;F
gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j
fhydpj;Jt nry;
thf ;Ffs; gw ;w p
tpgupg;ghu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
2.1 INuhg;ghtpy; gyk;
tha ;e ;j muRfs ; >
cyfk ; KOtJk ;
jkJ mjpfhuj;ijg;
gug ;g pa tpjj ;ijg ;
gFj;jha;thu;.
3.1 njd;dhr pa> njd;
fpof;fhrpa ehLfs;
fhydpj;Jtj;Jf;Fs;
shf pa t pjj ;ij
tpgupg;ghu;.
3.2 fpof;fhrpah KOtJk;
fhydpj;Jtj;jpw;F cl;
glhJ tpbDk; fhydpj;
Jt thjpfsJ nry;
thf;FfSf;F cl;gl;l
Kiwapidg; gFj;jha;
thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
20
20
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• INuhg;gpa Mjpf;f tpupthf;fk;
• ];ghdpag; Nguurpd; tpupthf;fk;
• Nghu;j;Jf;Nfag; Nguurpd; vOr;rpAk; tpupthf;fKk;
• xy;yhe;jpd; (neju;yhe;;J) Mjpf;fg; tpupthf;fk;
• gpuhd;rpd; Mjpf;fg; tpupthf;fk;
• gpupj;jhdpaupd; Mjpf;fg; tpupthf;fk;
• Mrpahtpy; fhydpj;Jtk;
• ,e;jpah> rPdh> ag;ghd;
• njd;fpof;fhrpah
• ,e;NjhNdrpah> kyhah> gu;kh (kpad;khu;)> rPak;
(jha;yhe;J)> tpal;ehk;> fk;Nghr;rpah> gpypg;igd;];
24
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
4.0 et Pd cyfpid
cUthf;Ftjw;Fj;
J}z;Ljyhf mik
e;j Gul;rpfs; gw;wp
gFj;jha;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
4.1 g h u hSkd ;wj ; j pd ;mjpfhuj;ij tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F ,q;fpyhe;J kf;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l Nghuhl;lk;khdpl tu;f;fj;jpd;tsu;r;rpf;F cjtpatpjk; gw;wp Mq;fpyg;Gul;rpapd; Clhfg;guprPypg;ghu;.
4.2 Ng u uRthjj ; j p w ;Fvjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l KjyhtJ Rje;jpug;Nghuhl;lk; vd;wtifapy; mnkupf;fg;Gul;rpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpgupg;ghu;.
4.3 cupikfis ntd;nwLf;Fk; nghUl;Lg;g p u hd ; r pau ; Nkw ;nfhz;l Gul;rpahdJmbg;gil kdpj cupikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F cjtpa tpjj;ijg; gFj;jha;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
40
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• etPd cyif khw;wpaikf;f cjtpa Gul;rpfs;• fp.gp. 1688 Mq;fpyg; Gul;rp
• mnkupf;fg; Gul;rp
• gpuhd;rpag; Gul;rp
25
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
5.0 ifj;njhopy; Gul;rp
ahdJ kdpj el
tbf;iffis khw;
wj ;Jf ;Fs ;shf pa
tpjk; gw;wp gFg;gha;
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
4.4 cyf ehfupfj;ijg;Ngh\pg;gjpy; u\;ag;Gul;rpapd; jhf;fj;ijg;gFj;jha;thu;.
4.5 nghJTlik thjj;jpd;Njhw;wk; gw;wp rPdg;Gul;rpapd; Clhfg;guPl;rpg;ghu;.
5.1 iffshy ; nra ;jNtiyfis ,ae;jpuq;fsplk; xg;gilg;gjpy;nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpafhuzpfisj; Njbawpthu;.
5.2 ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpClhd njhopDl;gtsu;r;rp gw;wp guprPypg;ghu;.
5.3 ifj;njhopy; Gul;rptpuptile;j tpjk; gw;w pa tplaq;fisj;jpul;Lthu;.
5.4 kdpj eltbf;iffis,yFgLj;Jtjw;fhftpUj;jpaile;j ifj;njhopy;kakhf;fj;jpd;tpisTfisg; gFj;jha;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
14
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• u\;ag; Gul;rp
• rPdg; Gul;rp
• ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpAk; mjd; jhf;fq;fSk;
• ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpf;Fg; gpd;dzpahf mike;j
fhuzpfs;
• njhopDl;gj;jpd; tsu;r;rp
• tpupthf;fk;
• tpisTfs;
26
juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13
27
3.1 juk; 133.1 juk; 133.1 juk; 133.1 juk; 133.1 juk; 13
,yq;ifapd; tuyhW (Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;J 1978 Mk; Mz;L tiu),yq;ifapd; tuyhW (Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;J 1978 Mk; Mz;L tiu),yq;ifapd; tuyhW (Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;J 1978 Mk; Mz;L tiu),yq;ifapd; tuyhW (Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;J 1978 Mk; Mz;L tiu),yq;ifapd; tuyhW (Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;J 1978 Mk; Mz;L tiu)
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
8.0 ,yq;ifapd; ntt;
NtW fhyfl;lq;f
spy; ,lk; ngw;w
murpay; Njhw;wg;
ghLfis gjpdhwhk;
E}w;whz;bD}lhfj;
EZf p Nehf ; f p >
mjd; %yk; ngw;w
g b g ; g p i d fis
epfo;fhy> vjpu;fhyq;
fis ntw;wpfukhd
jhf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;
fhfg; gad;gLj;J
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
8.1 gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;bd;
,yq ;if mur pay ;
tuyhW njhlu ; g hd
jfty;fisj; jpul;Lthu;.
8.2 Ml;rpapy; epyTk; Fiw
ghLfs;> me;epa Mjpf;fj;
jpw;F toptFf;Fkhw;iwg;
N g h u ; j ; J f ; N f a u p d ;
,yq ;if tUiff ;
$lhfg; gFj;jha;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
25
15
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;by; ,yq;ifapd; murpay; tuyhW
• ,uhrjhdpfs;
• Nfhl;il ,uhrjhdp
• aho;g;ghz ,uhrjhdp
• fz;b ,uhrjhdp
• rPjhthf;if ,uhrjhdp
• Nghu;j;Jf;Nfaupd; tUif
• Nghu;j;Jf;Nfaupd; tUifAk; mtu;fs; RNjr
,uhrjhdpfSld; nfhz;l njhlu;GfSk;
• fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;fs; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfaupd; Ml;rpf;
Fl;gLjy;.
28
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
9.0 ,yq;ifapd; gy;;NtW
fhy fl;lq;fspy;
epfo;e;j murpay;
r%f> nghUshjhu
Njhw ;wg ;ghLfis
Muha ;e ;J mjd;
%yk; ngw;w mDg
tq;fis epfo;fhyj;
ijAk; vjpu; fhyj;
ijAk; ntw;wpfu
khdjhf;fpf; nfhs;t
jw;Fg; gad;gLj;J
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
9.1 fz;b ,uhrjhdpia
ts%l;Ltjpy; Ml;rpahs
upd; gq;fspg;G njhlu;ghd
jfty;fisf; Nfhitg;
gLj;Jthu;.
9.2 fz;b ,uhrjhdp Nghu;j;
Jf;NfaUlDk; xy;yhe;j
UlDk; nfhz;bUe;j
njhlu;Gfis xg;gPl;L
u P j pa py ; gFg ; g ha ;T
nra;thu;.
9.3 fz;b ,uhrjhdp epu;thf>
r%f> nghUshjhu >
fyhrhu epiyikfis
EZfpaha ;e ;J jkJ
mUQ;nray;tq;fisg;
NgZtjw;F eltbf;if
vLg;ghu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
30
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• fz;b ,uhr;rpak;
• Kjyhk; tpkyju;k #upa kd;ddpd; Ml;rpf ;
fhyj;jpypUe;J = tpf;fpuk uh[rpq;f kd;ddpd;
Ml;rpf;fhyk; KbAk; tiuahd murpay; tuyhW.
• Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau;> xy;yhe;ju;
• fz;b ,uhr;rpak; Nghu;j;Jf;NfaUld; nfhz;bUe;j
njhlu;Gfs;
• xy;yhe;jupd; tUifAk; fz;b ,uhr;rpak;
mtu;fSld; nfhz;bUe;j njhlu;GfSk;
• Ml;rp> r%fk;> nghUshjhuk;> gz;ghL
• epu;thf Kiw
• r%fk;> nghUshjhuk;> gz;ghL
29
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
10.0 ,yq;ifapy;
Nkiyj; Njaj;jtu;
fs pd ; mj pfhu
t p u pthf ;fj ;ijj ;
njhlu;e;J Vw;gl;l
r%f> mur pay ; >
nghUshjhu khw;
wq ;fis EZfp
Muha ;e ;J jkJ ;
ehl;bd; jdpj;Jtj;
ijf; fhj;J gyk;
tha;e;j Njrpakhf
cUthf;Ftjw;Fg;
gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.
11.0 ,yq;ifapy; Mq;fp
Nyaupd; mjpfhu
t p u p t h f ; f j ; i j
EZfp Muha;e;J
jkJ ehl;bd; ,iw
ikia ghJfhg;gjw;
Fupa Njitapid
tpsq;fpr; nraw;gL
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
10.1 ,yq;ifapy; Nghu;j;Jf;
Nfa> xy;yhe;j Ml;rp
gw ;w pa jfty;fisj;
jpul;Lthu;.
10.2 Nghu;j;Jf;NfaUk; xy;
yhe;jUk; fiuNahug;
gpuNjrq;fspy; ifahz;l
nghUshjhu> rkaf ;
nfhs;iffs; njhlu;ghff;
fw;wwpthu;.
10.3 Nghu;j;Jf;NfaupdJk; xy;
yhe ;ju pdJk ; r%f>
gz;ghl;L nry;thf;F
fisg; gFj;jha;;thu;.
11.1 gpupj;jhdpau; ,yq;ifapd;
fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;
fs pd ; mj pfhuj ;ij
jkjhf;fpf; nfhz;l tpjj;
ijg; gFg;gha;thu;.
11.2 gpupj;jhdpau; fz;b ,uhr;
rpaj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpf;
nfhz;l tpjj;ijg; gup
rPyid nra;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
15
10
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;fspy; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfa> xy;yhe;j
Ml;rp
• Ml;rp Kiw
• nghUshjhu> rkaf; nfhs;iffs;
• r%f> gz;ghl;Lr; nry;thf;F
• gpupj;jhdpaupd; ,yq;if tUif
• fiuNahug ; g puNjrj ;j py ; g pu pj ;jhdpau pd ;
mjpfhuj;ij epiy ehl;Ljy;.
• fz;b ,uhr;rpaj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhs;Sjy;.
30
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
12.0 Mq;fpNyau; ,yq;
ifapy; Vw;gLj;jpa
murpay; khw;wq;fs;
RNjrthrpfs; kPJ
jhf;fk; Vw;gLj;jpa
Kiwia tpgupg;ghu;.
13.0 gpupj;jhdpauhy; Vw;
gLj;jg;gl;l r%f>
nghUshjhu khw;wq;
fs; ,yq;if r%fj;
jpy; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj ;j pa Kiw
apid xg;gPl;L uPjp
ahf gFj;jha;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
12.1 ,iwikiag; ghJfhj;
Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf gpupj;
jhdpa Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf
RNjrpfs; vOr;rpaile;j
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
12.2 ,yq ;ifa py ; r%f>
nghUshjhu> murpay;
khw;wq;fis cUthf;
Ftjw;fhf gpupj;jhdpa
uhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l
murpay; ahg;Gf;fisg;
gFj;jha;thu;.
13.1 ,yq;ifapd; ngUe;Njhl;
lg; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp
gw;wpa jfty;fis tpsf;
Fthu;.
13.2 g p u pj ;jhd pau pd ; f Po ;
,yq;ifapd; r%f> nghU
shjhu khw ;wq ;fis
xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; gFj;
jha;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
20
22
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• gpupj;jhdpaupd; fPo; ,yq;if
• gpupj;jhdpaUf;F vjpuhd ,af;fk;
• 1818 ,Yk; 1848 ,Yk; gpupj;jhdpaUf;F vjpuhd
fpsu;r;rpfs;.
• 1848 ,d; gpd;duhd mur nfhs;iffspy; Vw;gl;l
khw;wq;fs;.
• murpay; ahg;G tsu;r;rp: Nfhy;GW}f; murpay; ahg;Gr;
rPu;jpUj;jKk; epu;thf rPu;jpUj;jKk;
• ngUe;Njhl;lg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; tsu;r;rp
• ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwapd; Muk;gKk; ngUe;Njhl;lg;
gapu;fSk;
• nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f khw;wq;fs;
• epjpj;jhgdq;fs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J tsu;r;rpAk; kw;Wk;
njhiyj; njhlu;G Kiwfspd; tpUj;jp
• Njrpa tptrhag; nghUshjhuk;
• r%f khw;wq;fs;
31
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
14.0 gpupj;jhdpauJ rka
gug;gy; ,af;fk; kw;
Wk; mjw;nfjpuhd
Njrpa rka vOr;rp
gw;wp fw;W jkJ
jd pj ;J tj ;ij
g h J f h g ; g j d ;
Njitf;Nfw;g nraw;
gLthu;.
15.0 ,yq;ifapd; fy;tp
tsu ;r ; r p gw ;w pa
jfty;fisg; gFj;
jha;thu;.
16.0 ehl;bd; Rje;jpuj;
ijg; ngWtjw;fhd
,af;fq;fs; gw;wp
fw;W mr;Rje;jpuj;
ij ghJfhg;gjw;F
nraw;gLthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
14.1 ,yq;ifapy; kiw gug;G
,af;fk; nraw;gl;l tpjj;
ij njupe;J nfhs;thu;.
14.2 kiw gug;G ,af;fj;jhy;
ngsj;j> ,e;J> ,];yhkpa
rkaq;fspy; vOr;rp Vw;
gl;l tpjj;ij tpsq;fpf;
nfhs;thu;.
15.1 ,yq;ifapd; etPd fy;tp
apd; tsu;r;rp gw;wp mwpe;J
nfhs;thu;.
16.1 kj;jpaju tu;f;fj;jpdupd;
vOr;rp Njrpa ,af;fj;
ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;
vd;gd njhlu;ghd jf
ty;fisg; gFj;jha;thu;.
16.2 murpay; ahg;Gr; rPu;jpUj;
jq;fs; kw;Wk; Njrpa
Rje;jpuj;ij miljy;
njhlu;ghf xg;gPl;L uPjpapy;
tplaq;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
14
12
12
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; rka> fyhrhu kWkyu;r;rp
• kiw gug;G ,af;fk; (kp\dup)
• ngsj;j> ,e;J> ,];yhkpa vOr;rp
• etPd fy;tpapd; tsu;r;rp
• gpupj;jhdpaupd; fy;tpf; nfhs;if
• ,ytrf; fy;tpapd; tsu;r;rp
• Njrpa ,af;fKk; murpay; ahg;Gr; rPu;jpUj;jq;fSk;
• kj;jpaju tu;f;fKk; Njrpa ,af;fKk;
• rl;lthf;f tsu;r;rp
• nlhd%u; ahg;G
• Nrhy;gup ahg;Gk; Njrpa Rje;jpuKk;
32
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
17.0 Njrpa Rje;jpuj;ij
mile;J nfhs;t
jw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;
gl;l gpuaj;jdq;f
is EZfpaha;e;J
ey;yhl;rpf;fhfg; gq;
fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
17.1 Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;du;
,yq;ifapd; Njrpa
mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghff;
mDrupf;fg;gl;l nfhs;
iffs ; njhlu ;ghd
jfty;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
17.2 Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;duhd
,yq;ifapd; murpay;
epiyikiag; guprPypg;
ghu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
20
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;du; ,yq;if
• Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;fhff; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l nfhs;if
fSk; ntoptiffSk;
• ghuhSkd;w Ml;rp Kiwapd; tsu;r;rp - 1972 tiu
• epiwNtw;W mjpfhuKs;s [dhjpgjp Ml;rp Kiw
- 1978
33
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
6.0 kj;jpa Ml;rpapd; gy
tPdq;fs; fhuzkhf
gpuNjr Ml;rpahsu;
fs; typik ngWk;
tpjj;ij ,e;jpa tu
yhw;wpD}lhfg; gFj;
jha;thu;.
7.0 ,e;jpa ehfupfj;jpd;
tsu;r;rpAk; tpupthf;f
Kk;; gw;wpf; fw;W mj
dhy; fPioj;Njak;
ngw;w mUQ;nry;tq;
fis Fg;j Nguurpd;
Clhfg; gFj;jha;
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
6.1 tlNkw;fpypUe;J te;J
nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa
tu;fs; gw;wpa jfty;
fisr; Nrfupg;ghu;.
6.2 kj;jpa Ml;rpapd; gy
tPdq;fs; fhuzkhf
mz;ikf;fhy ,e;jpa
tuyhw;wpy; nry;thf;
Fr; nrYj;jpa khepy
muRfs; gw;wpa jfty;
fis Nrfupg;ghu;.
7.1 ,e;jpa tuyhw;iwf;
fl ; bnaOg ; Gtj py ;
Fg;jg; Nguurpd; gq;f
s p g ; G njhlu ; g hf
jfty;fis tpsf;F
thu;.
2A.7.2 Fg;jg; NguuR tPo;r;rp
Aw;w tpjk; gw;wpa
tplaq;fisj; jpul;L
thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
20
24
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• nksupa Nguurpd; KbT Kjy; Fg;j Nguurpd; Muk;gk;
tiu ,ejpahtpd; murpay;> gz;ghl;L tuyhW
• ,e;J - fpNuf;fu; (RUf;fkhf)
• rhf;fpau;
• Frhzu;fs;
• Rq;ifNahu;
• rhjtfthzu;fs;
• Fg;j NguuR
• Fg;j Nguurpd; mjpfhu tpupthf;fk;
• Fg;jg; Nguurpd; epUthfk;
• nghUshjhu epiyik
• tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy;
• cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L tu;j;jfk;
• gz;ghL
• rkak;> jj;Jtk;> nkhopAk; ,yf;fpaKk;>
fl;blf;fiy> rpw;gf;fiy> rpj;jpuf;fiy
• Fg;jg; Nguurpd; tPo;r;rp
3.23.23.23.23.2 juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13
,e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk;),e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk;),e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk;),e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk;),e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk;)
34
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
8.0 njd;dhrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; gy;ytu;fspd;mur pay ; kw ;Wk ;gz;ghl;L nraw;ghLfs; nry;thf;Fr;nrYj;jpa tpjj;ijg;gFj;jha;thu;.
9.0 ,e;jpa ehfupfj;jpd;tsu;r;rpiaAk; tpupthf;fj;ijAk; gw;wpmwpe;J mjd; %yk;fPioj;Njak; ngw;wmUQ;nry;tq;fisg;gFj;jha;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
8.1 gy;ytu;fspd; Ml;rpajpfhuk ; t p u ptile ;jtpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
8.2 gy;ytu;fspd; fyhrhuk;gw ;w pa jfty;fistpsf;Fthu;.
8.3 gy;ytu;fspd; ntspehl;Lj; njhlu;GfisAk;me;ehLfs; kPJ gy;ytupd; nry;thf;FfisAk;tpsf;Fthu;.
9.1 Fg;j Afj;jpd; ,Wjpapy pUe ;J K] ;y pk ;Mf;fpukpg;G tiuahdfhyj ;Jf ;Fs ; tl,e;jpahtpd; tuyhw;Wj;j pUg ; G Kidfistpsf;Fthu;.
9.2 ,e;jpahtpd; cd;djepiyikapy; gutyhdkhw;wnkhd;iwj; Njhw;Wtpg;gjw;F K];ypk;fspd; Mf;fpukpg;G topNfhy pa t pjj ;ijtpsq;fpf; nfhs;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
12
22
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• gy;ytu;fspd; murpay; kw;Wk; fyhrhu nraw;ghLfs;• gy;ytupd; mjpfhu tpupthf;fk;• gy;ytu; gz;ghL
• gy;ytupd; ntspehl;Lj;njhlu;Gfs;• ntspehLfs; kPjhd gy;ytupd; nry;thf;F
• Fg;j Afj;jpd; ,Wjp njhlf;fk; K];ypk; Mf;fpukpg;Gtiuahd fhyj;Jf;Fs; tl ,e;jpahtpd; tuyhw;Wj;jpUg;G Kidfs;
• Fg;j Afj;jpd; ,Wjp njhlf;fk; K];ypk; Mf;fpukpg;Gtiu• `u;\tu;jd kd;ddpd; fPo; fdt;[tpd; vOr;rp• fdt;[tpd ; mjpfhuj ;Jf ;fhf ,lk;ngw ;w
Nghuhl;lq;fs;• ghy muru;fspd; murpay;> gz;ghl;Lr; nraw;ghL
fs;• K];ypk; Mf;fpukpg;Gk; ,e;jpahTk;
• muhgpauJk; JUf;fpauJk; Mf;fpukpg;Gfs;• ,e;jpahtpy; K];ypk;fspd; mjpfhuk; epiyehl;lg;
gly;
35
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
10.0 njd;gpuhe;jpaj;jpd;
Kf;fpakhd gpuNjr
muRfspd; tuyhw;
iwg; gFj;jha;thu;.
11.0 ,e;jpa tuyhw;wpd;
cUthf;fj;jpy; njd;
dpe;jpag; gz;ghl;bd;
nry;thf;if tpsf;F
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
10.1 ,e ; j paht pd ; njd ;
gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; rhSf;fp
au ;fspd; nraw;ghL
fisg; guprPypg;ghu;.
10.2 uh\;bu$lu;fspdJk;
ghz;bau;fspdJk; mu
rpay; nraw;ghLfs;
njhlu;ghf Njbawpthu;.
11.1 Nrhog; Nguurpd; Njhw;w
Kk; tsu;r;rpAk; gw;wpa
jfy;tis tpsf;Fthu;.
11.2 Nrhog; NguuR ,e;jpah
Tf;F mg;ghy; tpupt
ile;j tpjj;ij tptupg;
ghu;.
11.3 Nrhoupd; Ml;rp Kiw
cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;j
tpjj;ijg; guprPypg;ghu;.
11.4 Nrhou ;fspd; r%f>
nghUshjhu > gz;
ghl;Lj; jfty;;fisj;
jpul;Lthu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
20
20
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• rhSf;fpau ;fs;> uh\;bu$lu;> ghz;bau;fspd;
RUf;fkhd murpay; tuyhW
• Nrhog; NguuR
• Nrhog; Nguurpd; Njhw;wKk; tpUj;jpAk;
• Kjyhk; guhe;jfd;> Kjyhk; ,uhN[e;jpu Nrhod;>
Kjyhk; FNyhj;Jq;fd;
• Nrhog; NguuR ,e;jpahTf;F mg;ghy; tpuptile;j
guk;gy;
• Nrho mjpfhu mikg;G
• Nrhoupd; r%f> nghUshjhu epiy
• gz;ghL
rkak;> nkhopAk;> ,yf;fpaKk;> fl;blf;fiy>
rpw;gf;fiy> rpj;jpuf;fiy
36
3.33.33.33.33.3 juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13
INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
9.0 kdpj ehfupfj;jpd;
tsu;r;rpapy; cyf
rkhjhdj;ijg; ghJ
fhf;Fk; nghUl;Lf;
fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l
mikg;Gf;fs; njhlu;
ghfg; guPl;rpg;ghu;.
10.0 cyf tuyhw ;w p
idf; fl;bnaOg;G
tjw ;F cjt pa
murpay; rf;jpfis
,j;jhyp> N[u;kdp
Clhf xg;gPl;L uPjp
apy; gFj;jha;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
9.1 tpad;dh kfhehl;bd;
nraw;ghL gw;wpg; gFj;
jha;thu;.
9.2 gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyf rkh
jhdj;ij Vw;gLj;Jt
jpy; tpad;dh kfhehL
toq;fpa gq;fspg;igg;
guprPypg;ghu;.
10.1 cyf tuyhw;iwf;
fl;Ltjw;F mbg;gil
ahf mike;j murpay;
rf;jpfs; njhlu;ghd
jfty;fis> jhuh
z;ik (ypguy;thjk;)>
Njrpa thjk; Mfpa
rpe;jidfspd; tpUj;jp
Clhf tpsf;Fthu;.
10.2 ,j;jhypia If;fpag;
gLj;jy;> N[u;kdpia
If;fpag;gLj;jy; ,af;
fj;jpd; Clhf jhuhz;
ikAk; (ypguy;thjk;)
Njrpa thjKk; eil
Kiwapy; nraw;gl;l
tpjj;ij guprPypg;ghu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
15
27
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• tpad;dh kfhehL
• tpad;dh khehL mwpKfk;
• tpad;dh khehL $l;lg;gl;likf;fhd fhuzq;fs;
• tpad;dh khehL vjpu;nfhz;l gpur;rpidfs;
• tpad;dh khehL gpd;gw;wpa topKiwfs;
• tpad;dh khehl;bd; tpisTfs;
• fp.gp. 1815 ,d; gpd;du; jhuhz;ikAk; (ypguy; thjKk;)
Njrpa thjKk; vOr;rp ngwy;.
• murpay; rpe;jid
• jhuhz;ik (ypguy; thjk;) Njrpa thjk;
- mwpKfk;
• jhuhz;ik (ypguy; thjk;) Njrpa thjk;
Mfpatw;wpd; tsu;r;rp
• murpay; rpe;jidfis eilKiwapy; gpuNahfpj;jy;
• ,j;jhypia If;fpag;gLj;jy;
• N[u;kdpia If;fpag;gLj;jy;
37
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
11.0 KjyhtJ cyf
kfh Aj ;jj ;j pd ;
nfh^uj;ijAk; rkh
jhdj;jpd; nghUz;
ikiaAk; xg;gPl;L
uPjpapy; tpku;rpg;ghu;.
12.0 khdpl tu;f;fj;jpd;
Kd;Ndw;wj ;Jld;
njhlu;Gila Kf;fp
akhd Gul ; r pfu
rf;jpfisg; gFj;jha;
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
11.1 Kjyhk; cyf Aj;jk;
kd pj tu ;f ;fj ;j pd ;
Kd;Ndhf;fpa gazj;
j p w ;Fj ; jilahf
mike;j tpjk; gw;wp
EZfpaha;e;J Aj;j
epiyik fspypUe;J
tpyfp ,Ug;gjw;fhd
eltbf ; iffis
Nkw;nfhs; thu;.
11.2 cyf rkhjhdj;ijg;
ghJfhf;Fk; Kaw;rp
fspy; xd;whd ru;t
Njr rq;fj;jpd; nraw;
ghLfis xg ;g Pl ;L
uPjpahfg; guprPypg;ghu;.
12.1 u\;ag; Gul;rpf ;fhd
fhuzq;fisAk; mJ
Vw;gl;l tpjj;ijAk;
tpsf;Fthu;.
12.2 cyf ehfupfj;jpd;
Cl;lj;jpw;F u\;ag;
Gul;rpapdhy; Vw;gl;l
jhf;fj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
15
15
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• Kjyhk; cyf kfh Aj;jk;
• Aj;jk;
• fhuzq;fs;
• ePz;l fhyf;fhuzpfs;
• FWq;fhyf; fhuzpfs;
• Aj;jk; tpuptiljy;
• tpisTfs;
• ru;tNjr rq;fk;
• Nehf;fq;fSk; Muk;gKk;
• ru;tNjr rq;fj;jpd; gz;Gfs; (rhjfkhdit/ghjfkhdit)
• u\;ag; Gul;rp
• u\;ag; Gul;rpf;fhd fhuzq;fs;
• Gul;rp Vw;gl;l tpjk;
• u\;ag; Gul;rpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
38
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
13.0 cyf tuyhw;iwf;
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
toptFj;j murpay;
rf;jpfs; gw;wp ghrpr>
ehrpr thjq;fsp
D}lhf xg;gPl;L uPjp
ahf gFj;jha;thu;.
14.0 ,uz;lhk ; cyf
kfh Aj ;jj ;j pd ;
n f h ^ u j ; i jAk ;
r k h j h d j ; j p d ;
nghUz;ikiaAk;
tpsq;fpf; nraw;gL
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
2B.13.1 ghrpr> ehrpr thjq;fs;
nraw;gl;l tpjj;ijg;
guprPypg;ghu;.
13.2 ghrpr> ehrpr thjq;
fSf ;f pilNaahd
njhlu;Gfisg; guprPypg;
ghu;.
14.1 ,uz;lhk; cyf Aj;jk;
kdpj ,dj;jpd; Kd;
Ndw;wj;jpw;Fj; jilahf
,Ue;j tpjj;ij EZfp
aha;e;J Aj;j epiyik
fspypUe;J jtpu ;f ;f
eltbf;iffis Nkw;
nfhs;thu;.
14.2 cyf rkhjhdj;ijg;
ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;
xU topKiwahf jhgpj;
Jf ; nfhs ;sg ; gl ; l
If;fpa ehLfs; mik
ak; gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
15
15
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• ghrprKk;> ehrprKk;
• ,j;jhypapy; ghrprk;
• ghrprk; tsu;r;rpaile;jikf;fhd fhuzpfs;
• ghrprj;jpd; tpisTfs;
• N[u;kdpapy; ehrprk;
• ehrprk; tsu;r;rpaile;jikf;fhd fhuzpfs;
• ehrprj;jpd; tpisTfs;
• ghrprj;jpw;Fk; ehrprj;jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;Gfs;
• ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh Aj;jk;
• Aj;jk;
• fhuzq;fs;
• Aj;jk;
• tpisTfs;
• If;fpa ehLfs; mikak;:
• Nehf;fq;fSk; Muk;gKk;
• If;fpa ehLfs; mikaj;jpd; fl;likg;G
• ,iz epWtdq;fs;
• Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
• vjpu;nfhz;Ls;s gpur;rpidfs;
39
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
15.0 cyfpd; jw ;fhy
murpay; mbg;gilf
isf; fl;bnaOg;Gt
jw ;F toptFj;j
gpujhd rf;jpfs;
njhlu;ghf xg;gPl;L
uPjpahf gFj;jha;
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
15.1 Nrhtpaj; u\;ahTk;
If;fpa mnkupf;fhTk;
rkTlik> Kjyhspj;
Jt mzpfshf vOr;rp
ngw;W> cyf murpa
y py ; Vw ; gLj ; j pa
jhf;fj;ij tptupg;ghu;.
15.2 gdpg;Nghu; fhyj;jpy;
gyk; tha;e;j mzp
fspilNa mikjpia
Vw;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L
If ;f pa ehLfs ;
mikaj;jpd; gq;fspg;
gpid kjpj;Jg; gpu];
jhgpg;ghu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
25
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; cyfk;
• gyk; tha;e;j mzpfs;:
• rkTlik
• Kjyhspj;Jtk;
• mzpNruh ehLfs;
• gdpg;Nghu; (nfLgpbg;Nghu;)
• fUj;J Kuz;ghL
• fUj;Jf;fisg; gug;Gtjw;fhd nghJ mikg;Gfs;
• gdpg;Nghu; gytPdkhjy;
• If;fpa ehLfs; mikaj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs;
40
3.43.43.43.43.4 juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13
etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
7.0 cyfpd; murpay;>
nghUshjhu Nfhy
q;fis gue;j khw;
wq;fSf;F cl;gLj;
jpa Gjpa NguuR
thjk; gw;wp gFj;
jha;thu;.
8.0 Kjyhk; cyf kfh
Aj;jj;jpd; nfh^uk;
gw ;w p Muha ;e ;J
rkhjhdj;ijg; ghJ
fhf;f Kd;tUthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
7.1 Gjpa NguuRthjk ;
vd;why; vd;d vd;g
ij tpsf;fp> mt;th
whd epiyik Vw;gl;l
ikf;fhd fhuzq;
fisg; guprPypg;ghu;.
7.2 Mg p u p f ; f hTf ; f hd
Nghl;biag;gw;wp tpsf;
Fthu;.
8.1 Kjyhk; cyf kfh
Aj;jk; kdpj ,dj;jpd;
Kd;Ndw ;wj ;j pw ;Fj ;
jilahf mike;j
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
8.2 Aj;j eltbf;iffspyp
Ue;J tpyfp ,Ug;gjw;
fhd eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs; thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
15
14
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• Gjpa NguuRthjk;
• Gjpa NguuRthjk; - mwpKfk;
• Gjpa NguuRthjk; vOr;rpAWtjw;F mbg;gilahf
mike;j tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp
• Mgpupf;fh njhlu;ghd Nghl;b
• Kjyhk; cyf Aj;jk;
• Aj;jj;jpw;fhd gpd;dzp
• Aj;jj;jpy; <Lgl;l mzpfSk; Vida gq;fhspfSk;
• Aj;jjj;jpd; tpisTfs;
• ru;tNjr rq;fk;
• Gjpa muRfspd; vOr;rp
41
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
9.0 jw ;fhy cyfpy ;
murpay; mbg;gilf;
fl;bnaOg;g Kf;fpa
topfsha; mike;j
gpujhd rf;jpfs; gw;wp
xg;g Pl ;L uPjpahfg;
gFj;jha;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
9.1 If ;f pa mnku pf ;fh
Kjyhspj;Jt ehlhf
vOr;rp ngw;Wik cyf
murpaypy; jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;jpa tpjj;ij
tptupg;ghu;.
9.2 Nrht paj ; u\ ;ah
Nrhrypr ehlhf vOr;rp
ngw;Wik cyf murpa
ypy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;
jpa tpjk; gw;wpa jfty;
fis ntspapLthu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
20
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• If;fpa mnkupf;ff; FbauRk;> Nrhtpaj; xd;wpaKk;
vOr;rp ngw;wik.
• If;fpa mnkupf;f FbauR
• rptpy; Aj;jj;jhy; If;fpa mnkupf;f FbauR
gykiljy;
• nghUshjhuk;• Aj;jtypik
• ntspehLfSf;F Mjpf;fk; tpuptiljy;
• Nrhtpaj; xd;wpak;
• Gul ;r papd ; gpd ;du ; rkTlikf; nfhs;if
fl;bnaOg;gg;gly;.
• Nrhtpaj; xd;wpak; INuhg;ghtpy; ty;yuR ehlhf
vOr;rp ngw;wik
42
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
10.0 jw ;fhy cyfpd ;
NguuR thjj;ijj;
jsu;Twr; nra;Ak;
gy;NtW ,af;fq;
fis EZfpaha;e;J
Rje;jpuj;jpd; ngWkh
dj;ij tpsq;fpr ;
nraw;gLthu;.
11.0 ,uz;lhk ; cyf
kfh Aj ;jj ; j pd ;
n f h ^ u k ; g w ; w p
Muha;e;J rkhjhdj;
jpd; nghUz;ikia
tpsq;fpr; nraw;gL
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
10.1 cyfk; KOtjpYk;
fhzg;gl ;l NguuRf
Sf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;l
,af ;fq ;fs ; gw ;w pa
jfty;fisj; jpul;Lthu;.
10.2 Mrpahtpd; Vfhjpgj;jpa
vjpu;g;G Njrpa Nghuhl;l
,af ;fq ;fs ; gw ;w pa
jfty;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
10.3 Mgpupf;fhtpy; Vfhjpgj;
jpa tpNuhjkhd Njrpa
Nghuhl;l ,af;fq;fspd;
Njhw;wk; gw;wpa jfty;
fis tpsf;Fthu;.
11.1 ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh
Aj;jk; njhlu;ghd jf
ty;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
11.2 ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh
Aj;jk; kdpj ,dj;jpd;
Kd ; Ndw ; wj ; j p w ;Fj ;
jilahf mike ;j
tpjj;ij mg;Nghupd;
t pisTfspD}lhfg ;
gFj;jha;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
20
15
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• NguuRthjj;jpw;F vjpuhd Njrpa Nghuhl;l ,af;fq;fs;
• yj;jPd; mnkupf;fh
• Mrpah
• njd;dhrpah
• njd;fpof;fhrpah
• Nkw;;fhrpah
• Mgpupf;fh
• ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh Aj;jk;
• NghUf;fhd fhuzpfs;
• Nghupy; <Lgl;l mzpfSk; jug;gpdUk;
• Nghu;j;je;jpuq;fSk; Nghu;j;njhopDl;gKk;
• tpisTfs;
43
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
12.0 jw ;fhy cyfpd;
murpay; mbg;gil
iaf; fl;bnaOg;g
cjtpa gpujhd rf;
jpfs; gw;wp EZfp
aha;e ;J jw;fhy
cyfpd; epiyik
gw;wpa njspTld;
nraw;gLthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
12.1 MAj Nkhjy;fsw;w
gdpg;Nghiu Nehf;fp
cyfk; nrd;wik
ia cyf ehLfs;
rf;jp tha;e;j mzp
fshfg ; g p u p e ;J
nrd;wik Clhfg;;
gFj;jha;thu;.
12.2 kj ; j pa f pof ;F
murpay; Nghf;Ffs;
gw;wpa jfty;fis
tpsf;Fthu;.
12.3 gyk; tha;e;j mzp
xd;W tPo;r;rpAwiy
Nrhtpaj; u\;ahit
mb g ; gi la h f f ;
nfhz;L gFj;jha;
thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
111117
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• ,uz;lhk; cyf Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du;
• cyfk; gyk; tha;e;j mzpfshfg; gpupjYk;
mitfspilNa fhzg;gl;l Nghl;bAk;
• murpay; fUj;Jf;fs;
• nghUshjhuk;
• njhopy; El;gk;
• kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; murpay; Nghf;Ffs;
gy];jPdk;> ,];uNty;
• Nrhtpaj; murpd; tPo;r;rpAk; mjd; tpisTfSk;
44
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp
13.0 cyfpd; rpf;fhu;e;j
jd;ikia vjpu ;
nfhs;Stjw;fhf>
ru ;tNjr kw ;Wk ;
gpuNjr uPjpapy; mik
g;Gfs; Njhd;wpa
tpjj;ijg; gFj;jha;
thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
13.1 MAj Nghuhl ; lkw ; w
cynfhd;iw cUthf;Fk;
nghUl;L mikf;fg;gl;l
If;fpa ehLfs; mikak;
gw ;w pa jfty ;fisf ;
Nfhitg;gLj;Jthu;.
13.2 g pu pj ;jhdpag ; NguuR
tPo;r;rpAw;w gpd;du; mg;
Nguur pw ;Ff ; f Po pUe ;j
ehLfs; ,q;fpyhe;Jld;
cwTfis Vw;gLj;Jk;
nghUl;L cUthf;fpf ;
nfhs ;sg ; gl ;l nghJ
eytha mikg;Gg; gw;wpa
jfty;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
13.3 Kf;fpa gyk;tha;e;j ,U
mzpfspypUe;Jk; ghJ
fhg;Gg; ngWk; nghUl;L
mikf;fg;gl;l mzpNruh
ehLfspd ; mikg ;Gg ;
gw ;w pa jfty ;fisg ;
guprPypg;ghu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis
25
ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• ru;tNjr> mikg;GfSk; gpuhe;jpa mikg;Gf;fSk;
• If;fpa ehLfs; mikak;
• nghJ eytha mikg;G
• mzpNruh ehLfspd; mikg;G
45
Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
13.4 gdpg;Nghu; fhyj;jpy; gyk;
tha;e;j ,U mzpfSk;
jkJ mj pfhuq ;fis
tpupTgLj;Jk; nghUl;L
epWtpa mikg;Gf;fspd;
nraw;ghL gw;wpa jfty;
fis tpsf;Fthu;.
13.5 gpuhe;jpa uPjpahfj; jkJ
Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;
Ak; nghUl;L mikg;Gf;
fs; cUthf;fg;gl;lik
iag; gFj;jha;thu;.
ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;
• gpujhd Kfhk;fSf;Fupa mikg;Gfs;:
• tl mj;jpyhe;jpf; ghJfhg;G cld;gbf;if
mikg;G (NATO)• thu;Nrh cld;gbf;if (WARSO)
• gpuhe;jpa mikg;Gfs;:
• njd;f pof ;fhr pa ehLfspd ; ghJfhg ;G
cld;gbf;if mikg;G (SEATO)• njd;fpof;fhrpa mikg;G (ASEAN)• Mgpupf;f If;fpa mikg;G (OAU)• INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; (EU)• njd;dhrpa mikg;G (SAARC)• muG yPf; (ARAB LEAGUE)
46
4.04.04.04.04.0 fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;
tuyhw;iwf; fw;gpf;Fk; MrpupaH jfty;fis toq;Fgtuhf ,Ug;gij tpl jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; khztHfSf;F
topfhl;Lgtuhf ,Ug;ghuhdhy; fw;gpj;jy; gzp kpfTk; gaDs;sjhapUf;Fk;. vdNt ,aYkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; vy;yhk;
fye;JiuahLjy;> %yhjhuq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;> mtjhdpj;jy; Nghd;w nray;fspy; khztHfis <LgLj;Jjy; tpUk;gj;jf;fjhFk;.
tuyhw;iwf; fUj;Js;s tifapy; fw;gjw;F khztHfis <LgLj;jf;$ba rpy topKiwfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd:
• Njrpa mUq;fhl;rpafk;> gpuNjr mUq;fhl;rpafk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspd; fPo;
mUk;nghUs;fisg; ghHitaplr; re;jHg;gk; toq;Fjy;.
• gpuNjr tuyhw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;s khztu;f;F MHt%l;LtjD}lhfj; Njrpa tuyhw;iw mwpa topg;gLj;Jjy;.
• Clfq;fs; %yk; jfty;fisg; ngwr; re;jHg;gk; toq;Fjy;. (thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp> ru;tNjr ,iza tiyg;gpd;dypd;
fy;tpr;Nritfs;.)
• tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j ,lq;fisg; ghHitapl MHt%l;Ljy;.
• Mjhu %yq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F MHt%l;Ljy;.
• khztH jkJ Mw;wiy ntspg;gLj;jr; re;jHg;gq;fis toq;Fk; tpjj;jpy; Rtu;g;gj;jpupiffs;. rQ;rpiffs; ntspapLjy;>
fz;fhl;rpfs; elj;Jjy;> ghlrhiy mUq;fhl;rpafj;ij cUthf;Fjy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl Cf;fk; mspj;jy;.
• tuyhw;W Mrpupauhfpa ePq;fs;> jw;fhyg; gpur;rpidfis eLepiyahfTk; ajhHj;jkhfTk; Nehf;Ffpd;w tpisjpwDs;s
Fbkf;fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fg; gq ;fspg ;Gr ; nra ;a KbAk;. ,J njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ nghWg ;G msg;gupajhFk;.
47
5.05.05.05.05.0 ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lKk;ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lKk;ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lKk;ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lKk;ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lKk;
tuyhw;Wg; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;fpAs;s ghltplaq;fis ntw;wpfukhfTk;> tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j tifapYk; fw;gjw;Fk; mjD}lhf
fw;wy; mDgtq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; Vw;Gila tifapy; khztu;fspd; gq;Fgw;wiy tpUj;jpnra;Ak; tpjkhfg;
ghlrhiyf; nfhs;iffisAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisAk; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;tJ gaDilajhFk;.
mt;thwhd rpy ghlrhiy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fNs ,q;F Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mjw;Nfw;g NtW Mf;fg+u;tkhd Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisAk;
nfhs;iffisAk; jahupg;gjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; tuyhW fw;gpf;Fk; Mrpupau;fSf;F cz;L vd;gijf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sTk;.
tuyhw;W kd;wj;ij epWtp khztu;fspd; mwpT tsu;r;rpf;fhd fye;Jiuahly;fs;> khehLfs;> tpthjq;fs;> fz;fhl;rpfis
elhj;Jtjw;Fk;> rQ;rpiffs;> Rtu;g; gj;jpupiffs; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jahupg;gjw;Fk; topg;gLj;jyhk;.
Fiwe;jgl;rk; tUlj;Jf;F xU jlitNaDk;> tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;JtKila Xu; ,lj;Jf;F my;yJ gpuNjrj;Jf;F nry;tjw;fhf
fy;tpr; Rw;Wyhnthd;wpid xOq;F nra;ayhk;. tFg;giwapy; ngw;w mwpit cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; tpUj;jp nra;J
nfhs;tjw;Fk; Vw;wthW Nghjpa Kd;Ndw;ghl;Lld; fy;tpr; Rw;Wyhit xOq;F nra;tJ Kf;fpakhdJ.
,yq;ifapd; Gfo; ngw;w tuyhw;W Ma;thsu;fisg; ghlrhiyf;F mioj;J mtu;fspd; mDgtq;fisg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;tjw;fhd
re;ju;g;gq;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy; gaDs;sjhFk;.
njhy;nghUs;fs; mopTf;Fs;shfp tUk; ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s njhy;nghUs; Kf;fpaj;JtKs;s ,lq;fs;
njhlu;ghfj; NjbahuhaTk; mtw;iwg; ghJfhf;fTk; ghlrhiyAld; njhlu;Gila tifapy; rKjha Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;wpid
eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.
tuyhw;Wg; ghlj;jpw;Fupa Xtpaq;fs;> rpiyfs;> nrJf;F Ntiyg;ghLfs;> Vida mUk;nghUl;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw mtjhdpj;J
mwpf;if jahupf;ff; $bathW mUq;fhl;rpaf Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;wpid Vw;ghL nra;jy; cfe;jJ.
48
6.06.06.06.06.0 fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;
ghlrhiy kl;l fzpg;gPl;L epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;fPo; xt;nthU jtizf;Fk; cupa Nju;r;rp> Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs; cs;slq;Fk;
tifapy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; kjpg;gPl;L cgfuzq;fs; Mf;fg;G+u;tkhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;L eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLjy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
juk; 13 ,d; ,Wjpapy; Njrpa kl;l kjpg;gPlhfpa f.ngh.j (c/j) guPl;irf;fhf ,g;ghlj;jpl;lk; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,g;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;fikthf ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj;jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; elj;jg;gLk; Njrpa kl;lg; guPl;ir Kjy; jlitahf 2011 ,y;
elhj;jg;gLk;.
,g;guPl;irapd; - tpdhj;jhs;fspd; khjpup kw;Wk; jd;ik njhlu;ghd tptuq;fs; guPl;ir jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk;.