Historia de La República Del Perú tomo II

8/9/2019 Historia de La República Del Perú tomo II

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/historia-de-la-republica-del-peru-tomo-ii 1/303

@DUVCZDH FI MH ZI\ÛJMDEH FIM \IZÛ Q80::-84

Kcrbi JhshfriBrc`nhgg :


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/historia-de-la-republica-del-peru-tomo-ii 2/303:



@DUVCZDH FI MH ZI\ÛJMDEH FIM \IZÛQ80::-84

Kcrbi JhshfriBrc`nhgg Q<



@dstcrdh fi mh Zipûjmdeh fim \irû Q80::-8455^Vcnc :

Hutcr; Kcrbi Jhshfri Brc`nhgg© Nhrdhgh Jhshfri Jrhzzdgd© Kcrbi Hmjirtc Jhshfri Jrhzzdgd© Kcsi Bcgzhmc Jhshfri Jrhzzdgd© Hgh Nhrîh Jhshfri Jrhzzdgd - Yohgc fi JhshfriFirie`cs risirvhfcs phrh isth ifdedõg h \rcfueedcgis Ehgthjrdh UHE

Imhjcrhedõg fi ecgtigdfcsFdrieedõg bigirhm; Jirghrfc Zceh Ziy Ndrõ XuishfhBistdõg fi prcyietc; Zhûm Ehstrc \ärizZihmdzhedõg ikieutdvh; Kcrbi Ecrgikc EhmmiZifheedõg i dgvistdbhedõg; Kiggy _hrdmmhs \hzHsdstigedh; Orhgedsec Dzqudirfc Xuih, Fhrdimmh Omcris Omcris,Hgh \hcmh Furhgf Ue`dgaimFdsiøc; _iruzah Gcrdibh Zudz, Emhufdh Jurbh-Edsgircs \dzhrrcFdhbrhnhedõg; Birhrfc Erdstõjhm \he`iecDgocbrhoîhs; Zhûm Zcfrîbuiz Zcfrîbuiz, BrhodttdOctcbrhoîh; Eiedmdh Furhgf Vcrris, \hcmh Ghmvhrti HjhfDgvistdbhedõg octcbrèodeh; Edgt`dh Jhquirc UctdmEccrfdghedõg octcbrèodeh; Ehrcmdgh Eèeiris EèeirisZiprcfueedõg y octcbrhoîh; Khdni Bdhgimmh Nhmeh

Ecrrieedõg; Hgh Mcmd E`hu, Hmikhgfrh Gûøiz VurõgHsiscrîh `dstõrdeh; @äetcr Mõpiz NhrtîgizEccrfdghedõg fi hetuhmdzhedõg `dstcrdcbrèodeh; Ehrmcs EcgtrirhsEhrrhgzhZifheedõg i dgvistdbhedõg fi hetuhmdzhedcgis `dstcrdcbrèodehsphrh isti tcnc; _detcr Vcrris Mheh (pèbdghs 89, 9<, 2:, 866, 89<, 8?:,806, 84?, :9<, :4?)

Birigti fi \rcfuetcs Cpthtdvcs; Zigzc Nhrdètibud JcssäUujbirigti fi \rcfuetcs Cpthtdvcs; Fcrh Gdquäg BuivhrhIfdtcr tdtumhr fim \rcyietc Ifdtcrdhm;\rcfueedcgis Ehgthjrdh U.H.E.Kr. Ndrõ Xuishfh :62, fptc. 6<2, Mdnh 8

\rdnirh ifdedõg; Gcvdinjri, :<86DUJG fim prisigti tcnc virsdõg i-jcca; 420-?8:-5<?-599-4DUJG fi mh cjrh ecnpmith virsdõg i-jcca; 420-?8:-5<?-595-9

VCFCU MCU FIZIE@CU ZIUIZ_HFCUIsti mdjrc `h sdfc pujmdehfc ixemusdvhnigti phrh \rcfueedcgis EhgthjrdhU.H.E. Gc puifi sir riprcfuedfc, ribdstrhfc gd trhgsndtdfc pcr ug sdstinhfi rieupirhedõg fi dgocrnhedõg, ig gdgbugh ocrnh gd pcr gdgbûg nifdc,sih nieègdec, octcquîndec, imietrõgdec, nhbgätdec, imietrcõptdec, pcroctcecpdh c euhmqudir ctrc, sdg pirndsc privdc y pcr iserdtc fi mcs hutcris.



9DGFDEI VCNC :

Qîgfdei ^prdnir pirîcfcMh äpceh ougfhedcghMfi Mh ripûjMdeh Q80::-806:^

EH\ÎVYMC 8?IM ODGHM FI MH \ZCTIEEDÕG \IZYHGH @HEDH IMGCZVI T IM UYZBDNDIGVC FIM \ZCJMINH ECGIEYHFCZ

Q D ^ 8: Im hrndstdedc fi \durh8: Mhs ecgoirigedhs igtri Mhrrih y Buhm. Mcs pirîcfcs hgtirdcris

ig mh euistdõg fi mîndtis igtri im \irû y Ecmcnjdh8: Im trhthfc piruhgc-ecmcnjdhgc fi 80:585 Jcmîvhr y mh euistdõg fi mîndtis piruhgc-ecmcnjdhgh85

Im trhthfc fi Buhyhqudm y mh orcgtirh igtri im \irû yEcmcnjdh86 Mh euistdõg fi mcs riinpmhzcs89 Mh riphtrdhedõg fi mcs piruhgcs fi _igizuimh y

Ecmcnjdh ig 809:-809289 Mh fiufh fim \irû h Ecmcnjdh89 Mh mdqudfhedõg fi mh fiufh82 Ctrcs hsugtcs ig im Vrhthfc Mhrrih-Buhm82 Mh ecndsdõg phrh odkhr mh mîgih fdvdscrdh igtri im \irû y

Ecmcnjdh Q DD ^ 80 Mh ndsdõg Vcnès Ncsquirh ig Mdnh84 Im supuistc \rctcecmc \ifincgti-Ncsquirh y mcs

hrbunigtcs scjri su ohmsifhf y su dgvhmdfiz Q DDD ^ :8 Im trhthfc fi 80:4 y im mdtdbdc piruhgc-ieuhtcrdhgc:5 Im Ieuhfcr ecnc Isthfc dgfipigfdigti:6 Mh prisugth dgtigedõg fi Omcris fi dgtirvigdr ig im \irû

ig 8058:6 Im trhthfc piruhgc-ieuhtcrdhgc fi 805::6 Hprcjhedõg y ehgki fim trhthfc fi 805::6 Mh Ecgstdtuedõg ieuhtcrdhgh fi 8059:9 Mh cpdgdõg fi Zuodgc Euirvc scjri mcs mîndtis

fim Ieuhfcr:9 Im surbdndigtc codedhm fim ecgomdetc:9 \mhgtihndigtc pcr im Ieuhfcr fi mh vdbigedh fim Vrhthfc Gcjch-\hgfc

EH\ÎVYMC 82

IM NDMDVHZDUNC HYVCZDVHZDC FI 80:4-8055. HU\IEVCU IPVIZGCUMhs dgeishgtis hsie`hgzhs jcmdvdhghs y mcs ecgomdetcsispcrèfdecs

Q D ^ :0 Im firrunji f im bcjdirgc ”piruhgdsth„ ig Jcmdvdh:0 Uhgth Eruz; im codedhm isphøcm, im kioi bcjirghgti y ehgfdfhtc piruhgc y im prisdfigti jcmdvdhgc5< Mh prisdfigedh fi Uhgth Eruz ig Jcmdvdh5: Mhs dgtrdbhs phrh edsdcghr im sur ig 80:4 y 805<. Mhs prdsdcgis

fi Hriqudph

56 Gc nitir ugh ehrtue`irh ”ig ug ehøcg fi ousdm„ Q DD ^ 59 Mh ndsdõg Èmvhriz5? Im nctîg fim Euzec y mh igtrivdsth fim Fishbuhfirc50 Mhs ecgoirigedhs Oirriyrcs-Cmhøith54 Mh fioieedõg fi mhMdjirthf y imEcgbrisc. Mh fiemhrhedõg fi pdrhtirîh Q DDD ^ 6< Im Ecgbrisc piruhgc fitdigi mh buirrh ecg Jcmdvdh6< Vrhthfcs fi Vdqudgh, Hriqudph y E`uqudsheh68 Im ecniredc ecg Jcmdvdh Q D_ ^68 Mh ehpturh fim@dfhmbc, im rcnpdndigtc ecg nhrdgcs y

hbigtis fdpmcnètdecs jrdtègdecs y im sieuistrc fi mhMdjirthf

EH\ÎVYMC 80IM NDMDVHZDUNC HYVCZDVHZDC FI 80:4-8055. HU\IEVCU DGVIZGCU

Q D ^ 66 Mh Ouigti igehrbhfc fim nhgfc. Im pmidtc fi mhs `hrdghs69 Mh fipcsdedõg fi Mh Ouigti6? Mh pcmîtdeh dgtirgh ig im Ecgbrisc fi 8058 Q DD ^ 6? Mh mue`h ecgtrh mcs ”sudzcs„. Mh ecgspdrhedõg fi Dbuhîg62 Mh ecgspdrhedõg fi Zcssim62 ”Ehmmig mhs miyis phrh shmvhr mhs miyis„60 Mugh \dzhrrc y im Bcjdirgc60 \hgfc, ndgdstrc60 Mh heushedõg h Bhnhrrh98 Mh ecgspdrhedõg fi gcvdinjri fi 805:98 Mh miy ecgtrh mhs ixphtrdhedcgis hrjdtrhrdhs98 Mh miy scjri ouirc ecnûg phrh edirtcs fimdtcs98 Mh phmdzh h Ehmcrdc. Mh riprisigthedõg fiMh Ncgkh

Hmoäriz 9: Mh rispuisth fi Bhnhrrh h _dbdm ig im nigshki hm

Ecgbrisc fi 805:9: Mhs prdsdcgis y pirsieuedcgis h ecndigzcs fi 80559: Mhs sifdedcgis h nifdhfcs y odgis fi 805595 Mh fioigsh fim crfig pcrMh _irfhf y ctrcs pirdõfdecs

codedhmis. Uus fdoirigedhs ecg im pigshndigtc fiJhrtcmcnä @irrirh

99 Im sdbgdodehfc fim prdnir bcjdirgc fi Bhnhrrh9? Mhs fdiedsditi ecgspdrhedcgis ecgtrh Bhnhrrh

Q DDD ^

92 Im \hrmhnigtc y mcs prisdfigtis dgtirdgcs furhgti imprdnir bcjdirgc fi Bhnhrrh

Q D_ ^ 92 \hgfc y su tirtumdh90 Mh cjrh hfndgdstrhtdvh fim prdnir bcjdirgc fi Bhnhrrh90 Mh riocrnh ndmdthr94 Im ougedcghndigtc fim Ecmibdc Ndmdthr y mh fishphrdedõg

fi mh Iseuimh Eigtrhm fi Nhrdgh. Mh fispriceuphedõg fimbcjdirgc fi Bhnhrrh pcr im pcfir ghvhm

?< Mh miy scjri mh ecgtrdjuedõg qui brhvhjh mhs phsths fipmhth y crc



VCNC : DGFDEI ?

?< Mh riocrnh fim \cfir Kufdedhm?8 Erihedõg fim fiphrthnigtc fi Hnhzcghs?8 Mh Miy fi \rceifdndigtc Ispiedhm?8 Ecgomdetcs igtri im Bcjdirgc y im hmtc emirc

EH\ÎVYMC 84MH ZIHEEDÕG \C\YMHZ T FINCEZÈVDEHFI FDEDINJZI FI 8055 H NHTC FI 8056

Q D ^?6 Yg imcbdc fisecgcedfc fi Mh Ouigti hm räbdnig

fi Bhnhrrh Q DD ^ ?6 Im prceisc imietcrhm fi 8055?9 Mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm y mh imieedõg prisdfigedhm?? Mh cpdgdõg fi Jigdtc Mhsc scjri mh oheumthf fi mh

Ecgvigedõg phrh imibdr prisdfigti prcvdscrdc?0 Mh imieedõg fi Crjibcsc y su sdbgdodehfc?0 \risdfigedh fi Crjibcsc Q DDD ^ ?4

Im bcmpi fi Isthfc ndmdthrdsth ig Mdnh2< Mh prdnirh mue`h fi mh numtdtuf ecgtrh im ikäredtc y suvdetcrdh

2< Hpcticsds fi Crjibcsc Q D_ ^ 28 Mhs vceis fi mcs piquiøcs ig mh tcrnigth fi 8056.Mh

\iph, ecnifdh fi Uiburh Q _ 25 Ikinpmhr hetdtuf fincerètdeh fi Gditc25 Fishrrcmmc fi mh buirrh edvdm26 @uhymheue`c26 Im hjrhzc fi Nhqudgùhyc29 Hpctiõsdec ribrisc fi Crjibcsc h Mdnh29 \rcpuisths fi Bhnhrrh h Gditc scjri oifirhedõg. Hetdtuf

fi Mugh \dzhrrc2? Fcøh Orhgedseh Bhnhrrh20 _dhki y ûmtdncs høcs fi \hgfc

EH\ÎVYMC :<IM ECGUVDVYEDCGHMDUNC MDJIZHM FI 8056 T UYUJHZZIZHU FI \H\IM ECGVZH IM HYVCZDVHZDUNC

Q D ^ 0: Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 805606 Im dmusc cptdndsnc ecgstdtuedcghmdsth fi 8056 Q DD ^06 Mh cjrh ecnpminigthrdh fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056. Mh

rispcgshjdmdfhf ig im ikirededc fi mh ougedõg pûjmdeh y mh

heushedõg hm prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh09 Kudedcs fi risdfigedh ig 805609 Mh mdndthedõg mibhm fi mcs bhstcs pûjmdecs0? Mcs fijhtis scjri im kurhfc y scjri im cjdspc fi

Hriqudph0? Ctrcs hspietcs fi mh cjrh mibdsmhtdvh y hfndgdstrhtdvh. Mh

kugth fi purdodehedõg02 Mh ecgvcehtcrdh h imieedcgis pcpumhris prisdfigedhmis,

phrmhnigthrdhs y nugdedphmis Q DDD ^02 Mh Jigiodeigedh \ûjmdeh fi Mdnh

EH\ÎVYMC :8UHMH_IZZT T MH ECGOIFIZHEDÕG \IZÛ-JCMD_DH

Q D ^ 4: Uujmivhedõg fi Uhmhvirry46 Ecgscmdfhedõg hphrigti fi mh hutcrdfhf fi Uhmhvirry49 Mh cjrh hfndgdstrhtdvh fi Uhmhvirry Q DD ^ 40 Bägisds fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh44 Im phetc Bhnhrrh-Uhgth Eruz. Hgèmdsds fi mh hetdtuf fi

Bhnhrrh ig 80598<< Im phetc Crjibcsc-Uhgth Eruz8<8 Vrhgsndsdõg fi mhs oheumthfis ixtrhcrfdghrdhs

fi Crjibcsc h Uhgth Eruz Q DDD ^8<8 Buirrh igtri Uhgth Eruz y Bhnhrrh8<: Thghece`h8<: Uhgth Eruz y Uhmhvirry8<6 „Mh buirrh h nuirti„8<? Uigtdndigtcs ghedcghmis y ecstiøcs ig mh prcphbhgfh

ecgtrh Uhgth Eruz8<?

Mh ehnphøh fi Ecjdkh8<? Mh ehnphøh fim eigtrc y im hvhgei fi Uhmhvirry hHriqudph

8<? Mcs Ecgsikcs fi Bcjdirgc y im gibrc Miõg Isecjhr igMdnh. ³Ui sigtõ Miõg Isecjhr ig im sdmmõg prisdfigedhm3

8<2 Mdnh y Ehmmhc pcr Crjibcsc8<2 Yeùnhyc8<0 ”Im Hthqui fi Yeùnhyc„, sînjcmc ghedcghm8<0 Ucehjhyh88< Hprishndigtc fi Uhmhvirry y mhs sigtigedhs ecgtrh äm y

sus prdgedphmis hfiptcs ndmdthris888 Mcs ûmtdncs fceunigtcs fi Uhmhvirry888 Mcs ousdmhndigtcs88: Mh vuimth fi mcs hkustdedhfcs h mh \mhzh fi Hrnhs fi Hriqud885 Uhmhvirry ig im ehgedcgirc pcpumhr885 Mcs ristcs fi Uhmhvirry886 Mh ehsheh fi Uhmhvirry886 Mh iseuhfrh shmhvirrdgh y im cehsc fim pcfir ghvhm fim \irû886 Im fijhti scjri im firie`c fi hsdmc ghvhm ig 805?889 Mh hshnjmih fim Isthfc Uur \iruhgc

EH\ÎVYMC :: IM HGFHNDHKI FI MH ECGOIFIZHEDÕG\IZÛ-JCMD_DHGH

Q D ^880 Im fdminh igtri phrtdr im \irû c hscedhrmc h Jcmdvdh Q DD ^880

Im Isthfc Uuf-\iruhgc y im sdnjcmdsnc fi su jhgfirh880 Mh numth h qudigis gc cstigthrhg im ”Vrdecmcr Ghedcghm„ Q DDD ^884 Mh Hshnjmih fim Isthfc Gcr-\iruhgc Q D_ ^ 8:8 Mh hshnjmih fi Vhphehrî Q _ 8:8 Mh cjrh hfndgdstrhtdvh fi Uhgth Eruz8:: Mh hfuhgh ecnûg jcmdvdhgh suf-piruhgh ig Hrdeh Q _D ^ 8:: Im phetc fi Vhegh8:6 Fisecgtigtc ig Jcmdvdh y im \irû hgti im phetc fi Vhegh



2DGFDEI VCNC :

EH\ÎVYMC :5MH ECGOIFIZHEDÕG \IZÛ-JCMD_DHGH

Q D ^8:0 Fdvirbigedhs iecgõndehs igtri mh Ecgoifirhedõg y

E`dmi. Mh rdvhmdfhf igtri im Ehmmhc y _hmphrhîsc y im dgocrniBhreîh fim Zîc

8:4 Mh ehnphøh pirdcfîstdeh fi mcs indbrhfcs piruhgcs igE`dmi

8:4 Im rinhti fi fcs jhrecs fi mh iseuhfrh piruhgh y mhixpifdedõg Oridri

85< Uieuistrc fi tris jhrecs fi mh iseuhfrh piruhgh85< Ce`c bistdcgis fi phz dgdedhfhs pcr Uhgth Eruz Q DD ^ 858 Mh buirrh858 Mh dgomuigedh fim pigshndigtc dgtirghedcghm fi Hgfräs

Jimmc ig mh hetdtuf e`dmigh origti h mh Ecgoifirhedõg85: \crthmis hgti mh Ecgoifirhedõg. Mh ”sibugfh

dgfipigfigedh fi E`dmi„. ”Fijincs fcndghr phrhsdinpri ig im \heîodec„

85: \riphrhtdvcs phrh mh \rdnirh Ixpifdedõg ”Zisthurhfcrh„.

”¡Ghfh ecg immcs, gd mh bmcrdh!„855 Mh hetdtuf jämdeh fi mh Hrbigtdgh859 Mh hetdtuf prisedgfigti fim Ieuhfcr. Im mdnpdc

sdbgdodehfc fi Zcehouirti ig su phîs y ig im \irû. Mhhetdtuf fi Guivh Brhghfh

859 Hsisdghtc fi \crthmis859 Mh ehnphøh fi \huehrphth852 Mh ehnphøh fi Ncrèg ig mhs ecsths fi E`dmi. Mh ehpturh fi mh

dsmh fi Kuhg Oirgègfiz. Q DDD ^ 852 Mh Uibugfh Ixpifdedõg ”Zisthurhfcrh„. Im vdrhki fi Drdshrrd850 Zihgufhedõg fi mhs `cstdmdfhfis, ecnjhti fi Dsmhy850 \hrtdfh fi mh Uibugfh Ixpifdedõg Zisthurhfcrh850 Hetdtuf fi Gditc. \rcgugedhndigtc fim gcrti fim \irû854 Gibcedhedcgis fi mcs risthurhfcris ecg Crjibcsc.

Guivh fdvdsdõg igtri mcs piruhgcs. Buîh. ³Xudägpriedpdtõ mh jhthmmh fi Buîh3

865 Imieedõg fi Bhnhrrh865 Bistdõg phedodsth fi Bhnhrrh hgti Crjibcsc865 Bistdcgis fi Uhgth Eruz hgti Crjibcsc, Gditc y Buhrfh,869 Mcs sditi prisdfigtis. Im gcrti pcr mh Zisthurhedõg869 Fdoîedm sdtuhedõg fi Bhnhrrh ig Mdnh. Mh `cstdmdfhf fi mcs

ixtrhgkircs y, ig ispiedhm fim hbigti jrdtègdec Jimocrf@dgtcg Rdmscg

869 ”Mhs vîspirhs sdedmdhghs„ y im ehjhmmc fim fcetcr Nhe Mihg86? Hetdtuf fi Uhgth Eruz hgti im \irû y Jcmdvdh ig 8050862 Uhgth Eruz ig Mdnh862 Imdndghedõg fi Crjibcsc862 Mh phtätdeh odburh fi Crjibcsc860

Im ispikdsnc fi mh \hz. Bistdcgis hgti Dgbmhtirrh.C—@dbbdgs. Mhs ecgoirigedhs fi @uhe`c860 Mcs ecrshrdcs. Ecnjhti fi Ehsnh864 Mh odghmdfhf fi mh ritdrhfh fim ikäredtc risthurhfcr.

Hetuhedõg fi Bhnhrrh864 Im hvhgei fi Uhgth Eruz. Juîg864 Tugbhy898 Im fijhti scjri Tugbhy89: Hgtcgdc \mhsigedh895 \rindcs h mcs vigeifcris ig Ègehs`895 Im hpcrti piruhgc h mh Zisthurhedõg

896 Mc pcsdtdvc ig mh hetdtuf e`dmigh fi 8054. Gc sihpcfirhrcg fi ghfh

899 Mh _drbig fi E`dqudgqudrè

EH\ÎVYMC :6IM FIZZYNJI FI MH ECGOIFIZHEDÕG

Q D ^ 890 \õstunhs y fcjmis bistdcgis fi phz fi Uhgth Eruz hgti

mcs e`dmigcs y Bhnhrrh890 Mh shgedõg ecgtrh mcs ndmdthris qui gc phrtdedphrcg ig mh

Zisthurhedõg894 Mh fistrueedõg fim pcfir fi Uhgth Eruz894 Mcs prisdfigtis fi mhs Zipûjmdehs Uur y Gcr-piruhghs Q DD ^ 894 Mh hetdtuf jrdtègdeh ohvcrhjmi h mh Ecgoifirhedõg Q DDD ^ 8?? Mh ûmtdnh ixpifdedõg fi Uhgth Eruz

EH\ÎVYMC :9UDBGDODEHFC FI MH ECGOIFIZHEDÕG \IZÛ-JCMDOhetcris bicbrèodecs, iecgõndecs, ndmdthris,fincbrèodecs, ecniredhmis

Q D ^82: Mh `dstcrdcbrhoîh e`dmigh, jcmdvdhgh y piruhgh hgti mh

Ecgoifirhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh Q DD ^ 825 Zimhedcgis bicbrèodec-iecgõndehs igtri im sur fim \irû y Jcmd Q DDD ^829 Mcs ohetcris ndmdthris i dgtirghedcghmis ig im firrunji fi

mh Ecgoifirhedõg Q D_ ^ 82? Ohetcris fincbrèodecs y ecniredhmis Q _^824 ”Hbmutdghedõg eriedigti„ y ”nibhmcisthtdsnc„ dnpcsdjmis Q _D ^ 808 Mh Ecgoifirhedõg, ”ifdodedc finhsdhfc vhstc„ Q _DD ^805 Mh ncrthmdfhf fi mh dfih ecgoifirhm Q _DDD ^ 809 Im ohgthsnh jcmdvdhgc ig mh vdfh piruhgh `hsth 80?<

EH\ÎVYMC :?MH ZIUVHYZHEDÕG; IM IUEIGHZDC GHEDCGHMIm Ecgbrisc, mh Ehrth fi @uhgehyc y mcs kõvigis fi mh ribigirhedõg. Im cmvdfc ghvhm

Q D ^ 84: Udbgdodehfc fi mh Zisthurhedõg84: Jhmhgei fi mhs ecrrdigtis fcetrdghrdhs `hsth8054845 Im Ecgbrisc fi @uhgehyc. Uus prindcs y ehstdbcs849 Mh riocrnh kufdedhm849 Mcs sieuistrcs h mcs ecgoifirhmis y h Crjibcsc y sus phrtdfhrd849 Im ispîrdtu hutcrdthrdc fi @uhgehyc844 Im ghedcghmdsnc fi @uhgehyc844 Im Ecgbrisc fi @uhgehyc, im hnirdehgdsnc y mhs

rimhedcgis ecg Isphøh844 Mcgbivdfhf fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg fim 54



VCNC : DGFDEI 0

:<< Mh miy imietcrhm fi 8054 Q DD ^ :<< Mibhmdzhedõg fi mh \risdfigedh fi Bhnhrrh Q DDD ^:<: Mh Iseuimh Eigtrhm fi Nhrdgh y mh Iseuimh Gèutdeh fi

\hdth. Mh pcjrizh ghvhm:<: Im hutcrdthrdsnc kcvig ecgtrh mcs `cnjris fi @uhgehyc.

Mh ”Zibigirhedõg„:<6 _detcrdh fi _dvhgec ig Ehe`hnhreh:<6 _detcrdh fi Ehstdmmh ig Euivdmmhs. Odg fi mh ”Zibigirhedõg„.

Ikieuedõg fi _hmigtîg Jczh:<9 Mcs fieritcs fim ribigirhfcr

EH\ÎVYMC :2MH ZIUVHYZHEDÕG; IM IUEIGHZDC DGVIZGHEDCGHMMh dgvhsdõg h Jcmdvdh ig 8068

Q D ^:<0 Zibrisc fim ikäredtc e`dmigc:<0 Gibcedhedcgis ndmdthris y iecgõndehs ecg E`dmi

Q DD ^

:<4 Ohmmiedndigtc fi Jirghrfc C—@dbbdgs. Yg sînjcmc fi mhhndsthf piruhgc-e`dmigh

:8< Uupuistcs pmhgis fi Bhnhrrh phrh prcmcgbhr mcs mîndtisfim \irû ig im gcrti

Q DDD ^ :88 Zimhedcgis ecg Brhg Jrithøh:88 Nigtdrh y virfhf scjri im fishoîc igtri Ehstdmmh y im

eõgsum orhgeäs Uhdmmhrf y mc qui isti `ie`c dnpmdeh Q D_ ^ :8: Mhs hspdrhedcgis fi Omcris phrh fistrudr im \irû.

Zimhedcgis ecg Jrhsdm Q _ :8: Zimhedcgis ecg mh Uhgth Uifi h phrtdr fi 8058 Q _D ^ :86 Jcmdvdh fispuäs fi mh ehîfh fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg:89 Vrhthfcs piruhgc-jcmdvdhgcs ig 8054 y 806<. Mhs

emèusumhs iecgõndehs. Mh vîh fi Vhegh:8? Fivcmuedõg fi isthgfhrtis piruhgcs pcr Jcmdvdh Q _DD ^ :8? Uujmivhedõg shgtheruedgh ig Jcmdvdh:8? Jhmmdvdèg ecg Bhnhrrh y ecgtrh Jcmdvdh:80 Jhmmdvdèg hm origti fi mh ugdõg ghedcghm jcmdvdhgh:80 Mh ithph pheîodeh fi mh dgvhsdõg:84 Mh ithph fi mhs gibcedhedcgis ecg Jhmmdvdèg:84 Ceuphedõg fi Mh \hz. Mhs prdnirhs `cstdmdfhfis:84 Im prcyietc fi hrndstdedc igtri \hz Ucmfèg y Xudgtimh.

Niehpheh::< Mcs piruhgcs ig _dhe`h

Q _DDD ^

::< Mh jhthmmh fi Dgbhvd::8 Uhg Zcnèg ig im Fishbuhfirc::8 Nifdthedõg fi Dgbhvd::: Iodbdi fi Bhnhrrh Q DP ^::6 Im ehfèvir y mh ehsheh fi Bhnhrrh Q P ::6 ³Oui mh nuirti fi Bhnhrrh ug ”erdnig piroietc„3 Q PD ^ ::2 Im ”mmhnhfc hm crfig„ fi @irrirh

EH\ÎVYMC :0MHU BZH_IU HNIGH[HU FIUFI IM UYZ T FIUFI IMGCZVI ECGVZH MH DGVIBZDFHF \IZYHGH IG 806:

Q D ^:5< Mh dgvhsdõg jcmdvdhgh ig im sur fim \irû:5< Im ecnjhti fi Vhrhpheè y mhs jhmhs fim Gdøc Fdcs:5< Ecnjhti fi Hmtcs fi E`dpi y ivheuhedõg fi Hrdeh y Vhegh:58 Mhs buirrdmmhs ig \ugc:58 Im ecnjhti fi Nctcgd:58 Mcs tcrcs fi \cscecgd. Im ecnjhti fi Crurdmmc:5: Im `cnighki codedhm h \ugc y Ncquibuh pcr su

hetuhedõg furhgti mh buirrh ecg Jcmdvdh:55 Im ikäredtc fi Gditc y Nigfdjuru:5: \cr quä gc hvhgzõ Jhmmdvdèg `hsth im Hpurînhe:55 Nifdhedõg fi E`dmi y mh guivh pcsdjdmdfhf fi mh eisdõg

fi Hrdeh h Jcmdvdh:55 Ecgoirigedh fi _dmqui:55 Ecgoirigedh fi Hecrh. Vrhthfc fi \hz fi \ugc:56 ³\cr quä mh phz fi \ugc3:56 \rcjminhs ecniredhmis y trdjuthrdcs qui im Vrhthfc fi

\ugc fikõ pigfdigtis Q DD ^ :5? Mcs prcjminhs fim bcjdirgc fi Nigägfiz:52 Mh tigthtdvh ixphgsdcgdsth fi Omcris scjri Guivh Brhghfh:52 Mh tigthtdvh fi Omcris phrh mh fishphrdedõg fim \irû.

Zie`hzc fi E`dmi h isth oõrnumh:52 Mh hyufh fi Omcris h Uhgth Eruz:52 Mh ixpifdedõg Hgbumc:54 Mcs pmhgis fi Uhgth Eruz phrh dgfuedr h Ieuhfcr y

Ecmcnjdh h hthehr hm \irû:54 \mhgtihndigtc codedhm fi mh euistdõg fi mîndtis ecg im

Ieuhfcr. Gibcedhedcgis Miõg-_hmfdvdisc:6< Mh ixpifdedõg @ireimmis:68 Mh pujmdehedõg fi mh eäfumh fi 80<: y mh dgdedhedõg fim

fijhti piruhgc-ieuhtcrdhgc:68 Mh ndsdõg Fhsti:6: Mh ndsdõg ieuhtcrdhgh Ehrjc ig Jcmdvdh y mh ecgspdrhedõg

ig Mdnh ig kugdc fi 806::6: Mh orustrhfh nifdhedõg e`dmigh:6: Odg fi mh tigsdõg ecg im Ieuhfcr ig 806::6: Im sdbgdodehfc fim 68 y fim 6: ig im \irû

EH\ÎVYMC :4 HYVCGCNÎH T \CFIZ IG MH DGDEDHEDÕG FI MHZI\ÛJMDEH

Q D ^ :6? ³Oui im \irû fispuäs fi mh dgfipigfigedh ug ecgkugtc

fi hre`dpdämhbcs3 ³Xudägis tcnhrcg im pcfir3

EH\ÎVYMC 5<MH ODUCGCNÎH FIM \IZÛ @HUVH 8068 T MH VICZMHU DGUVDVYEDCGIU \ÛJMDEHU

Q D ^ :96 \cjmhedõg fim \irû Q DD ^:99 Finhrehedõg dgtirdcr:9? Ixpmcrhedcgis y ougfhedcgis ig tirrdtcrdc piruhgc



4DGFDEI VCNC :

Q DDD ^ :92 Mh dgfipigfigedh y mh dgtibrdfhf fi mh ghedõg:92 Mh ripûjmdeh ugdthrdh c oifirhm Q D_ ^ :90 Im firie`c fi suorhbdc. Uuorhbdc fdrietc i dgfdrietc. Mh

imieedõg fim prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh:94 Ixtigsdõg fim suorhbdc:?< Im suorhbdc cjmdbhtcrdc:?< Im suorhbdc sieritc:?< Im prceisc imietcrhm Q _ :?< Im prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh:?6 Oheumthfis ixtrhcrfdghrdhs:?6 Im vdeiprisdfigti:?9 Ndgdstrcs fi Isthfc Q _D ^ :?? \cfir Mibdsmhtdvc Q _DD ^ :?0 Im Ecgsikc fi Isthfc Q _DDD ^ :2< Kugths fiphrthnigthmis:28

Nugdedphmdfhfis Q DP ^ :2: \cfir Kufdedhm:26 Im Vrdjughm fim Ecgsumhfc:26 Im Vrdjughm fi Ndgirîh:29 Im Kuzbhfc fi Fdizncs:29 Im Kuzbhfc fi hbuhs:29 Im Kuzbhfc fi \rishs:29 Im Kuzbhfc fi Ecndscs:29 Mcs ouircs pirscghmis

EH\ÎVYMC 58MHU EMHUIU UCEDHMIU. HU\IEVCU FI MH _DFHECVDFDHGH MDNIØH @HUVH 806:

Q D ^:20 Mcs hspietcs scedhmis fi mh vdfh pcmîtdeh:24 Mh ehrrirh ndmdthr. Mcs kiois y codedhmis Q DD ^ :05 Mh ehrrirh ndmdthr. Mh trcph:05 Im sdbgdodehfc fim ikäredtc Q DDD ^ :06 Mh hrdstcerhedh ecstiøh Q D_ ^:06 Mh hjcmdedõg fi mhs vdgeumhedcgis mhdehmis Q _ :09 Mh isemhvdtuf:09 Im fijhti scjri mh isemhvdtuf fi 80:0 h 806<:00

Yg hnhbc fi rivuimth scedhm; mh ecgspdrhedõg fi Kuhg fiFdcs Hmbcrth:00 Im riemuthndigtc fi isemhvcs Q _D ^ :04 Mcs dgfdcs Q _DD ^:04 Mcs eurhtcs:04 Im emirc ribumhr:4< Fcndgbh Butdärriz; ugh `ircdeh fiemhrhedõg fi

dgfipigfigedh pirscghm y ug brhvi ecgomdetc igtri mh kurdsfdeedõg edvdm y iemisdèstdeh

:48 Mh imieedõg fi cjdspcs

Q _DDD ^ :4: Im Zibmhnigtc fi Ehnphghs. Mcs ripdquis:4: Im Zibmhnigtc fi \cmdeîh y Ncrhmdfhf phrh Mdnh

Q DP ^ :46 Odscgcnîh fi Mdnh, mhs ehmmis y mhs ehshs:49 Mhs dbmisdhs y mh pmhzhs:42 Mh dgtrcfueedõg fi mh ehøirîh fi odirrc:42 Mh shyh y im nhgtc:40 Fdvirsdcgis y igtritigdndigtcs. Mhs ecrrdfhs fi tcrcs;

im tcric h ehjhmmc y mhs nukiris. Mcs fispikcs:44 Im ehrghvhm:44 Im fîh fi Hnhgehis:44 Mh Ghvdfhf:44 Dgtirrupedcgis ig im trèodec5<< Mcs ehoäs, mhs pdehgtirîhs5<< Mcs jhmgihrdcs5<< Mcs ncgtcgircs5<8 Udbgdodehfc fim ncgtcgirc hgti mh edufhf, im ehnpc y

mh thphfh5<8 Im ehjhmmc fi phsc

ÎGFDEI FI ECGVIGDFC HFDEDCGHM

ZIEYHFZCU8? Im ecgomdetc ecg mh brhg Ecmcnjdh9< Im prctieedcgdsnc nirehgtdm2: Hriqudph ecgtrh Uhg Zcnèg866 Uhgth Eruz y Brhg Jrithøh89< Yg tistdncgdc suiec scjri mh Ecgoifirhedõg8?: Mh Ecgoifirhedõg ig mh `dstcrdh e`dmigh806 Zhedsnc y Ecgoifirhedõg84? Mh ecgstdtuedõg fi @uhgehyc; im trdugoc fim hutcrdthrdsnc:9< Buirrhs edvdmis y ehufdmmdsnc:4? Mh hmdnigthedõg h dgdedcs fi mh Zipûjmdeh

MÎGIHU FI VDIN\C85? Mh prdnirh buirrh ecg E`dmi

DGOCBZHOÎHU8:5 \risdfigti sdnumtègics86< Mh Ecgoifirhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh:82 \irscghkis fi mcs hmthris

\IZUCGHKIU80< Oimdpi \hrfc y Hmdhbh:<< Nhguim Dbghedc fi _dvhgec



EH\ÎVYMC 8? ◃ D Im hrndstdedc fi \durh ◃ Mhs ecgoirig edhs igtri Mhrrih y Buhm. Mcspi rîcfcs hgti rdcris ig mh euistdõg fimîndtis ig ti im \irû y Ecmcnjdh ◃ Im trhth-fc pi ruhgc-ecmcnjdhgc fi 80:5 ◃ Jcmî-vhr y mh euistdõg fi mîndtis pi ruhgc-ec-mcnjdhgh. Im trhthfc fi Buh yhqudm y mhorcgti rh igtri im \irû y Ecmcnjdh ◃ Mheuis tdõg fi mcs riinpmhzcs ◃ Mh riphtrdh-edõg fi mcs piruhgcs fi _i gi zuimh y

Ecmcnjdh ig 809:-8092◃

Mh fiufh fim\i rû h Ecmcnjdh ◃ Mh mdqudfhedõg fi mhfiu fh ◃ Ctrcs hsugtcs ig im VrhthfcMhrrih-Buhm◃ Mh ecndsdõg phrh od khr mhmîgih fdvdscrdh igtri im \irû y Ecmcnjdh ◃

DD Mh ndsdõg Vcnès Ncs qui rh ig Mdnh ◃ Imsupuis tc \rc tcecmc \ifi ncg ti-Ncs-qui rh y mcs hrbunig tcs scjri su ohmsi-fhf y su dgvhmdfiz ◃ DDD Im trhthfc fi 80:4y im mdtdbdc piruhgc-ieuh tcrdhgc ◃ Im Ieuh-fcr ec nc Is thfc dgfi pig fdigti ◃ Mhpri sugth dgtig edõg fi Omcris fi dgtir vi-gdr ig im \irû ig 8058 ◃ Im trhthfc pi ruh-gc-ieuh tcrdhgc fi 805: ◃ Hprcjh edõg yehg ki fim trhthfc fi 805: ◃ Mh Ecgstdtu-

edõg ieuhtcrdhgh fi 8059◃

Mh cpdgdõg fiZuodgc Euirvc scjri mcs mîndtis fim Ieuh-fcr ◃ Im surbdndig tc codedhm fim ecgomdetc ◃

\mhgtih ndig tc pcr im Ieuhfcr fi mhvdbig edh fim Vrhthfc Gc jch-\hg fc.

Q VCNC : ^

Q \ZDNIZ \IZÎCFC; MH ä\CEH ougFHEDCgHM FI MH ZI\ÛJMDEH ^



Q8?EH\ÎVYMC

IM ZIMHVD_C H\HEDBuHNDgHEDCgHM (8069-80

IM oDgHM FI MH \ZCTIEEDÕg \IZuHgH @HEDH IMT IM UuZBDNDIgVC FIM \ZCJMINH ECg IEuH



xxxxxxxxx

IQ D ^M HZNDUVDEDC FI \DYZH.- Fis puäs fi mh imdndghedõg fi Mh Nhr, qui oui riedjdfh ecg brhg ig tu-sdhsnc pcr Jc mîvhr, im tigdigti ec rcgim Kuhg Hbustîg Mdrh odrnõ ig \du rh, ig gcn jri fi Bh nh rrh, ecgug ecndsdcghfc fim Mdjir thfcr, ug hrndstdedc pcr sisig th fîhs (8< fi kumdc fi 80:4). Hmmî si hecrfõthn jdäg mh igtri bh fi Buhyhqudm1 mh suspig sdõg fim jmcquic fi mh ecsth ni rdfdcghm fi Ecmcnjdh1 imnhg ti gdndig tc fi mh ouirzhs fi nhr y tdirrh fi hn jcs phîsis ig im isthfc ig qui is thjhg1 im gcn-jrhndig tc fi ugh ec ndsdõg phrh qui ecgemuyirhg mhs gibcedhedcgis fi phz1 mh fivcmuedõg fi mcsig oirncs fim ikäredtc pi ruhgc qui qui fhrcg ig mcs `cspdthmis fi Bdrõg y mh rifue edõg h ug fipõ-sdtc fi tc fcs mcs prdsdcgi rcs fi Vhrqud. Im hrndstdedc oui prcrrcbhfc ig Buh yhqudm im 8? fi sitdin jrifim ndsnc høc pcr mcs pmigdpctig edhrdcs Kcsä fi Mhrrih y Mcrifc y \i frc Buhm.

MHU ECGOIZIGEDHU IGVZI MHZZIH T BYHM. MCU \IZÎCFCU HGVIZDCZIU IG MHEYIUVDÕG FI MÎNDVIU IGVZI IM \IZÛ T ECMCNJDH.- Mhrrih y Buhm mmibhrcg h tigir sidsriu gdcgis ig Buhyhqudm, fim 8? hm :: fi sitdin jri fi 80:4 ph rh mh eimijrh edõg fi ug trhthfc fiphz. Im pugtc prdgedphm trhthfc ig immhs oui im fi mcs mîndtis ig tri im \irû y Ecmcnjdh.

Ig ri mhedõg ecg isti prc jminh `h jîh `dstõrdehnig ti euhtrc pi rîcfcs ig mcs høcs qui priei-fdircg h mh buirrh fi 80:4 y h mhs gibcedhedcgis Mhrrih-Buhm. Immcs irhg;

h) Im pirîcfc dgni fdhthnig ti hgti rdcr h mh dgfi pig fig edh, hm qui ecrrispcgfi mh eäfu mh fi80<: qui fi nhr eõ mcs _drridghtcs fim \i rû y fi Gui vh Brhghfh y ig tri bõ h hquim mcs tirrdtcrdcsfi Nhy ghs.

j) Im pirîcfc fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh ig im qui Khäg si dgecrpcrõ hm \irû, Buhyhqudm h Ecmcnjdh,y Nhyghs y Vunjis rh tdodehrcg su vcmugthf fi ocr nhr phrti fi hquim phîs.

e) Im pirîcfc qui sdbudõ h mh fiemhrhedõg fi mh dgfi pig fig edh fim \irû y hm qui ecrrispcgfdõmh ndsdõg fi Kchquîg Ncsqui rh ig Mdnh (80:: y 80:5).

f) Im pirîcfc fi mh fdethfu rh fi Jc mîvhr.Ucjri im prdni rc y im sibugfc pi rîcfcs si `h trh thfc yh ig im ehpîtumc 0.

IM VZHVHFC \I ZYHGC-ECMCNJDHGC FI 80:5.- Im pmigdpctig edhrdc Kchquîg Ncsqui rh(`ir nh gc fi Vc nès Edprdhgc) ig thjmõ ig 80::, hgtis fi mh dgsthmhedõg fim Ecgbri sc Ecgstdtu-

yig ti, gi bcedhedcgis ecg Jir ghrfc Ncg tihbufc, ndgdstrc fi Zi mhedcgis Ix ti rdcris fi Uhg Nhr-tîg, scjri mcs mîndtis ig tri hn jcs phî sis. Ncgtihbufc hm ecgtis thr h mh prcpuis th fi qui immcsouirhg mcs qui pirti gi eîhg h mhs igtdfhfis ec mcgdhmis ig im ncnig tc fi mh dgfi pig fig edh,hfu kc mh supi rdcrdfhf fim prdgedpdc fim ecgsig tdndig tc fi mcs puijmcs, is fiedr, im fi mh scji rhgîhpcpumhr1 y nhgdoistõ thn jdäg mh ecgvigdigedh fi ispi rhr mh riugdõg fim Ecgbri sc. \cr isc imtrhthfc qui hn jcs gi bcedhfc ris odrnh rcg scjri ugdõg, mdbh y oifi rhedõg rispi tõ mh scji rhgîhfim \i rû y fi Ecmcnjdh y fi kõ ig isthfc is thedcghrdc im prcjminh fi mîndtis.

Ig fdedin jri fi 80:5, Ncs qui rh dgsdstdõ ig qui ouirh i e`h is th fi nhr ehedõg. "Hm siphrhrsihn jcs phî sis fi mh Isphøh ―fd kc― is nuy kustc qui nhg tig bhg mcs firi e`cs qui mis `hjîh fh fc

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 8? 8:



_________

ugh pcsi sdõg dgni nc rdhm isthgfc hmutd pcssdfi tds fim høc 80<4. Isti prdgedpdc, qui gc puifini gcs fi sir ri ecgcedfc pcr hn jhs Zi pûjmdehs, is tcfc mc qui hy qui shgedcghr ig is th nh ti-rdh emhrh y sigedmmh". \hrh eunpmdr ecg thm prcpõsdtc ig tri bõ ug prcyietc fi ecg vig edõg qui cod-edhmdzhjh im hgti fde`c prdgedpdc pirc siøhmhjh, hfi nès, qui mcs mdndtis si rîhg "fisfi mh fisin-jc ehfu rh fim rîc Vunjis hm nhr \heîodec `hsth im tirrdtcrdc fi Jrhsdm". Hsî Buhyhqudm quifhjh ig

ti rrdtcrdc ecmcnjdhgc.Mh ecndsdõg fdpmcnè tdeh fim Ecgbri sc cpdgõ ig im sigtdfc fi qui si su prdndi rhg isths ûmtd-nhs ix pri sdcgis "puis scg ecg trhfdetcrdhs h mc qui si is thjmiei pcr jh si ig mh prdni rh phrti",fi khgfc scmc im prdgedpdc bigi rhm. H ohvcr fi mh supri sdõg fi mh ndsnh orhsi is tuvc mh ecnu gdeh-edõg fim pmigdpctig edhrdc piruhgc Kcsä Nhrîh Bhmfdhgc h Ncsqui rh im 82 fi fdedin jri fi 80:51pi rc ig viz fi fhr mh rhzõg hfuedfh ig im Ecgbri sc, hodrnõ qui ohmthjhg pmhgcs tcpcbrèodecs fimh ribdõg y qui gc sirîh ixtrhøc qui im tixtc prcpuis tc tuvdisi ecg si euig edhs ig pir kudedc fihn jhs Zi pûjmdehs. Oui hsî ecnc Ncs qui rh y Bhmfdhgc mmibhrcg h suserdjdr im 80 fi fdedin jriugh ecgvigedõg scjri mîndtis ig mh euhm si mdndthrcg h fi emhrhr; "Hnjhs phrtis ri ecgceig pcrmîndtis fi sus ti rrdtcrdcs rispie tdvcs mcs ndsncs qui ti gîhg ig im høc 80<4 mcs ix _drridghtcs fim\i rû y Guivh Brhghfh".

Im Ecgbri sc pi ruhgc hprcjõ is th ecgvigedõg1 pirc im fi Ecmcnjdh gc dzc mc ndsnc pcr ecg-sdfi rhr qui im tixtc gc irh pc sdtdvc gd tirndghgti. Fi heuir fc ecg mh ecgvigedõg fi 80:5, Buhyh-qudm, Vunjis y Nhyghs `ujdi rhg sdfc pi ruhgcs.

Zie`hzhfh mh ecgvigedõg Bhmfdhgc-Ncsqui rh, mh euistdõg fi mîndtis pi ruhgc-ecmcnjdhgh ecg-tdguõ ig sthtu-quc.

JCMÎ _HZ T MH EYIUVDÕG FI MÎNDVIU \IZYHGC-ECMCNJDHGH.- "Jcmîvhr (`h fde`c_îetcr Hgfräs Ji mhugfi ig su mdjrc Mh ecgstdtuedõg dgdedhm fim \irû) hfndgdstrõ mhs prcvdgedhs fi Vunjis, Khäg y Nhyghs ecnc ki oi fim \cfir Iki eutdvc fi mh ghedõg piruhgh. Ui cpusc h quiKhäg phshrh h Ecmcnjdh fi pcsdthgfc ig sus hyug thndig tcs mh fiedsdõg fiodgdtdvh1 hbribõ mcsti rrdtcrdcs fi Khäg y Nhyghs h mh Ecnhg fhg edh Ndmdthr fi Eh khnhr eh1 hgixõ Nhyghs hm fdstrdtc kufdedhm fi Vru kdmmc y gc dnpdfdõ qui im Ecgsi kc qui mc sustdtuyõ ig im bcjdirgc y qui si buîh susdgstrueedcgis, rihmdzhrh imieedcgis ig Khäg y Nhyghs".

Fceunig tcs scjri mh sdtuhedõg fi Khäg y Nhyghs furhgti im bcjdirgc jc mdvhrdhgc ig im \i rû`hg sdfc pu jmdehfcs ig mhEcmieedõg fi trhthfcs fi Zdehrfc Hrhgfh.

Ig im Ecgbri sc fi \h ghnè gc si mmibõ h trhthr ghfh ecgeri tc ig ri mhedõg ecg mcs mîndtispi ruhgc-ecmcnjdhgcs, sibûg si vdc ig im ehpîtumc 6.

IM VZHVHFC FI BYH THXYDM T MH OZCGVIZH IGVZI IM \IZÛ T ECMCNJDH.- Ig mhsecgoirigedhs fi Buhyhqudm ig 80:4, Buhm pmhgtiõ hgti Mhrrih mh scmuedõg fi mh euistdõg fi mîndtis ytcnõ ec nc jh si mcs qui tuvdircg mcs ixtdgbudfcs _drridghtcs fi Gui vh Brhghfh y im \irû, c sih quirivdvdõ mh oõrnu mh fi Kchquîg Ncsqui rh, hbribhgfc qui pc fîhg `heirsi ecg ei sdcgis ri eîprcehs fi

pi qui øcs ti rrdtcrdcs qui ecgtrdju yirhg h od khr mh mîgih fdvdscrdh fi ugh nhgi rh nès ghturhm y ixheth1ugh ecndsdõg ecg dgfdvdfucs fi hn jhs Zi pûjmdehs fi jîh ri ecrrir, rietdodehr y od khr fde`h mîgih. Ud`u jdi rh fdsecrfhgedh ig mh ecndsdõg, im hsugtc si rîh scni tdfc h mh fiedsdõg fi ug bcjdirgc hndbc.

Isi oui im tixtc fi mcs hrtîeumcs qui mmibhrcg h sir dgemudfcs ig im trhthfc.Ig mc qui rispie th h mhs orcgti rhs igtri im \irû y Ecmcnjdh, Mhrrih `hjîh ri edjdfc dgstrueedc-

gis fi fi oigfir im prdgedpdc fi mh pcsi sdõg hetuhm c fi scni tir mh fiedsdõg fim hsugtc h ughecndsdõg qui fi jîh gcn jrhrsi hm ioietc. Hm hphrthrsi fi immhs y hm heipthr mh mîgih fdvdscrdh fimcs fcs vdrridghtcs (ivdthgfc si øhmhr mh oie`h fi 80<4 dgfdehfh ig im ecgvigdc fi Bdrõg) phrhnc fdodehrmh ecg mhs vhrdhedcgis qui mhs phrtis hecrfh rhg igtri sî, dgtrcfu kc ig im trhthfc fi 80:4

MHZZIH T BMMIBHZCg VIgIZ UIDUZIugDCgIU (\HZH MHEIMIJZHEDÕug VZHVHFC\Hz. IM \ugV\ZDgED\HMVZHVHFC Ig

IMMHU ouI IMCU MîNDVIgVZI \IZÛ TECMCNJDH.

8EH\ÎVYMC 8? \IZÎCFC 8



\migdpctigedhrdc piruhgc furhgti im

ecgomdetc ecg Ecmcnjdh.Odrnõ kugtc ecg su

`cnõmcbc vigizcmhgc imVrhthfc fi Buhyhqudm,

qui pusc odg h mhs`cstdmdfhfis. Istuvc

mdbhfc h mh vdfh pcmîtdehfisfi mh Dgfipigfigedh.

Ig 80:: oui imibdfcfdputhfc pcr @uhymhs y

isi ndsnc høc ceupõ mh prisdfigedh fim

Ecgbrisc. Oui tris vieisndgdstrc fi @hedigfh.

Isth dnhbig ecrrispcgfih ug õmic fi Kcs Bdm fi

Ehstrc, fi 80:8.

KCUä FI MHZZIH T MCZIFC(820<-805<)

ug prdgedpdc fi trhgsheedõg igtri tris iminig tcs; mcs tîtumcs kurîfdecs, im nhgti gdndig tc fi mhspcsi sdcgis fi mcs Isthfcs y mh ghturhmdfhf fi mcs mîndtis. Ig tc fc ehsc, gc si trhthjh fi ughoõrnu mh ndguedcsh qui si øhmhrh mcs `dtcs fi mh orcgti rh. Ig su cod edc fi :5 fi sitdin jri fi80:4, hm rindtdr hm Ndgdsti rdc fi Zimhedcgis Ix ti rdcris im prctcecmc fi mhs ecgoirig edhs, Mhrrihhodrnõ; "Mh jhsi fh fh pcr nî is bi gi rhm c dgfi tir ndghfh, hfndtdigfc pcr thg tc euhmqudirh fds-

eusdõg qui puifh sir gcs ohvcrhjmi y quifhg fc sc ni tdfh mh fiedsdõg fi mcs pugtcs ecgtrcvir-tdfcs h is ti ris pie tc h ug bcjdirgc èrjdtrc".Ig su ehn jdc fi dfihs ecg Buhm, Mhrrih ixpri sõ ecnc cpdgdõg phrtdeumhr qui mh mîgih fi

orcgti rh fi jîh prdgedpdhr fisfi im rîc Vunjis "tc nhg fc fis fi äm ugh fdhbcghm `hsth im E`dg-e`dpi y ecg tdguhr ecg sus hbuhs `hsth im Nhrhøõg". Ecg im ndsnc eh rèetir pir scghm nigedcgõis th oõrnu mh ig im codedc yh edthfc. Eri yõ, fhfc su fis ecgcedndig tc fi mh ribdõg, fioigfir ecgimmh mcs dgti ri sis fim \i rû. Mh ecndsdõg fdpmcnè tdeh fim Ecgbri sc ig su fdethnig sc jri im trh-thfc (86 fi ce tujri fi 80:4) hfcp tõ mh ndsnh cpdgdõg y im nctdvc pcr im euhm mc `dzc si `h mmhig mhs sdbudigtis phmhjrhs; "Ud, ecnc is gh turhm, si tdrhsi fi Vun jis fd e`h mîgih pcr mhs eirehgîhsfi Mc kh `hsth mh ecgomuigedh fim rîc E`dge`dpi ecg im Nhrhøõg ri sumthrîh qui, h nès fi ti girjdig nhr ehfcs mcs mdgfi rcs y ehphz fi fi oigfir si fi tc fc bä gi rc fi dgeursdcgis, qui fh rîhg hm\i rû mcs ni kcris y nès vhstcs ti rrdtcrdcs fi Khäg y Nhy ghs, gc eifdigfc fi mh prdni rh nès quimh ehpdthm qui is fi gdgbugh dnpcrthgedh y fi mh sibugfh ughs pi qui øhs rifue edcgis h mhdzqudirfh fim Nhrhøõg ecn pig sègfc si is ths eisdcgis ecg ctrhs sd gc supi rdcris, hm nigcsgctcrdhnig ti dbuhmis i dgti ri shgtis". Im fdethnig dg eurrîh ig irrcr bic brèodec pcrqui mh ehpdthmfi Khäg gc si ei fîh ecgocrni h is ti prc yietc fi mîgih, gd irh edirtc thn pcec qui mhs rifue edc-gis fim gcrti fi Nhy ghs ouisig pi qui øhs y ni gcspri edhjmis. \irc immc gc hmti rh mh juigh oifi mh hodrnh edõg susthgedhm fi qui fijîhg qui fhr phrh im \irû "mcs ni kcris y nès vhstcs ti rrd-tcrdcs fi Khäg y Nhyghs", nctdvc fi qui im trhthfc oui si hprcjh fc.

Im \irû fdc pcr pirfdfc Buhyhqudm, hm qui `ujdi rh tigdfc fi rie`c ig im ehsc fi nhg ti gir siis trdethnig ti mcs mîndtis fi mcs vdrridghtcs.

Ig sunh, im trhthfc fi 80:4 gc od kõ mîgih hmbugh fi orcgti rh sdgc si øhmõ ug nätcfc ph rh trhzhr-mh, tcnhg fc ec nc jh si fi ri oirig edh mhs hgtdbuhs orcgti rhs vdrridghmis ecg piqui øhs nc fdodehedc-gis oheumthtdvhs su kiths h mhs ecgvigdigedhs fi mcs Isthfcs y h mhs ehrheti rîstdehs fi mh bicbrhoîh yqui vi gîhg h fipig fir fi mh vcmugthf fi euhmqudirh fi mhs phrtis, puis fi mibhfcs fi immhs fijîhg`heir mh finhr ehedõg. Ud ugc fi mcs fcs phîsis si gi bhjh h fde`hs nc fdodehedcgis, fi jîh vi gdr imhrjdtrh ki fi ug bcjdirgc hndbc y ndigtrhs si priphrhjh is ti mhufc, im trhthfc qui fhjh ecg fi gh-fc hm dgeun pmdndig tc. Gc `ujc hmusdõg hmbugh ig im trhthfc c ig mhs ecgoirigedhs fi Buhyhqudm hmprcpõsdtc fi Ec mcnjdh fi gc pir ndtdr qui im \irû sdbudirh ig pcsi sdõg fi Nhyghs, Khäg c Vunjis.

MH EYIUVDÕG FI MCU ZIIN\MH[CU.- Ctrc pug tc trhthfc ig tri Mhrrih y Buhm oui im fi mcriin pmhzcs. Mhrrih pri sig tõ tris rhzcgis ecg trh mh finhg fh ecmcnjdhgh, qui yh `hjîhg sdfcis brdndfhs pcr im Bcjdirgc pi ruhgc fis fi 80:2; 8¼ Im prisdfig ti Zdvh-Hbýirc gc `h jîh ti gdfchutcrdfhf ph rh heir is th emhsi fi is tdpumhedcgis, mh ecgvigedõg fi huxdmdcs pirtdgig ti irh gi th-

nig ti dgocrnhm y fi immh gc si `hjîh ecgsirvhfc ec pdhs ig mcs hre`dvcs pi ruhgcs1 :¼ Mcs riin-pmhzcs irhg phrh mh äpceh qui fu rhsig mhs ehnphøhs fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh y gc phrh fis puäs fiimmhs1 5¼ Im \irû gc pcfîh ecgvigdr ig mh ixphtrdhedõg pirpi tuh fi ug eri edfc gû ni rc fi edufh-fhgcs dgceig tis. Buhm ripusc; 8¼ Zdvh-Hbýirc irh pri sdfig ti fim \i rû euhgfc hu tcrdzõ im ecgvi-gdc1 :¼ Im fceunig tc ti gîh pmigh vhmdfiz ocrnhm, ecnc mc fi ncs trhjh im crdbdghm qui prisig tõ15¼ Mhs ecgfdedcgis fim ecgtrhtc gc djhg ecgtrh mh ghturhmizh y mh prèetdeh fi mhs ghedcgis edvdmdzh-fhs. Fdc h ecgceir muibc sus prcpdhs edorhs scjri mhs trcphs nhgfhfhs pcr Ecmcnjdh hm \irûhsivirhgfc qui oui rcg 85.<<< `cnjris fi mcs euhmis ribri shrcg 0.<<<, fi mcs euhmis, h su viz5.<<< pirti gi eîhg h mh fdvdsdõg qui si sujmivõ ig Mdnh. \cr ûmtdnc, fi emhrõ qui su Bcjdirgc

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 8? 86



vv

vvQ vv ^

vvvvvvvv

:9hjhg fc ghjh im riemhnc. Mcs piruhgcs gc `dedircg vhmir mh miy fim Ecgbri sc Ecgstdtuyigti, prc-numbhfh im 8¼ fi cetujri fi 80:2, pcr mh euhm si nhgfõ hm Ikieutdvc qui pdfdisi hm Bcjdirgc fiEcmcnjdh mh riphtrdhedõg fi mcs edufhfhgcs ig rcmhfcs ecg trh su vcmugthf y pcr crfig fi Jc mîvhrig im ikäredtc ecmcnjdhgc y qui `dedirh dbuhm riemhnh edõg hm Bcjdirgc fi Jc mdvdh.

MH ZI\HVZDHEDÕG FI MCU \IZYHGCU FI _IGI[YI MH T ECMCNJDH IG 809:-8092.- Yg iec fi mh fijh tdfh euis tdõg fi mcs riinpmhzcs oui im fieri tc ixpi fdfc pcr im ehgedmmir KuhgNhguim Vdrhfc im :9 fi fdedin jri fi 809:, vidg tdträs høcs fis puäs fi mh buirrh ecg Ecmcnjdh yug euhrtc fi sdbmc fispuäs fi mh shmdfh fi mhs trcphs ecmcnjdhghs fim \irû. Isti fi eri tc si fi rd-võ fi ug codedc fim ndgdstrc pmigdpctig edhrdc fi mh Zipûjmdeh ig Jc bctè, ecg ug dgocrni heir ehfi mcs scmfhfcs pi ruhgcs qui ixdstîhg ig ish edufhf y ig _i gi zuimh1 y mc hutcrdzõ phrh qui,eiredcrhfc fim gûni rc y ghedcghmdfhf fi immcs, ecgtrhthrh su trhgspcrti pcr euig th fim Viscrcpi ruhgc, mc euhm pcfîh ioietuhr fi dgni fdhtc ecg Ègbim Nhrdhgc Ehstrc y fi nès pir scghs quiecgsthjhg ig mh rhzõg qui hecn phøõ.

Euhgfc vdh kõ h Ecmcnjdh \i frc Bèmviz ig 8092 ig ndsdõg codedhm fi ugd fhf ecgtdgig thm,cj tuvc mh riphtrdhedõg fi ctrc brupc fi scmfhfcs pi ruhgcs.

MH FIYFH FIM \IZÛ H ECMCNJDH.- Ig euhgtc h mh fiufh fim \i rû h Ecmcnjdh, mcs gibc-edhfc ris Mhrrih y Buhm hecrfhrcg qui ugh ecndsdõg ndxth ixhndghsi y mdqudfhrh mhs euigthstrhjh khgfc sdg dgti rrupedõg. Ig isi sig tdfc si ri fhetõ im hrtîeumc pirtdgig ti fim trhthfc.

MH MDXYDFHEDÕG FI MH FIYFH.- Mh Ecgvigedõg fi Ecmcnjdh igehrbhfh fi fd vdfdr mh fiu-fh qui oui ec nûg h hquim Isthfc hecr fõ qui si `d edirh mh sdbudigti fdstrdju edõg; 9< phrtis hGuivh Brhghfh, :0,9 h _igi zuimh y :8,9 hm Ieuhfcr. Vhnjdäg fdspusc qui ehfh ugh fi mhs Zipû-jmdehs ecjrh si y phbhrh ig fde`h prcpcredõg mc qui mi ecrrispcgfdiri. Hsî si `dzc ecg mcs herii-fc ris jrdtègdecs y ecg mcs ghedcghmis.

Im Bcjdirgc fi Ec mcnjdh gcn jrõ ec nc ec ndsdcghfcs ph rh mh mdqudfhedõg fi mh fiufh fim \i rûh mcs siøcris Oifi rdec Orige` y Kcsä Nhrîh Zcni rc y fis puäs h Kcsä fim Ehrnig Vrdugoc ig riin-pmhzc fim prdni rc. Mcs ecndsdcghfcs fim \i rû ouircg Kuhg Ivhgbi mdsth Drdbcyig y Eigti gc, KcsäZudz, Orhgedsec Vhrhnc gh y Nhguim fim Zîc. Ouircg ei mijrhfhs 5? ecgoirig edhs ig 80:4 y 805<scjri im hsugtc. Im ehrbc qui `h eîh Ecmcnjdh hm \irû mmibõ h sir emhsdodehfc ig phr tdfhs ri e`hzhfhs,euis tdcghjmis y riecgcedjmis. Mhs ûmtdnhs dnpcrthrcg mh ehgtdfhf fi 4:?.0?5 piscs ecg ? rih mis.

"Nès mh ecndsdõg mdqudfhfc rh fim \irû (sibûg ixpri sõ Im Ecnir edc fi Mdnh, im 8? fi nh ycfi 806: hm fhr ugh hnpmdh dgocrnh edõg scjri is ti prc jminh) eri yõ qui yh qui Ecmcnjdh gcti gîh mh nigcr bi gi rcsdfhf ecg im \i rû ig mcs sirvdedcs qui mi pristhrh phrh ecgscmdfhr su dgfi-pig fig edh, im \irû kusthnig ti fi jîh ec jrhr fi Ec mcnjdh mcs bhstcs qui `dzc phrh ecgsunhr mhsunh ec nc im bigi rhm Jcmîvhr mc riecgcedõ, y ehrbhr ctrhs phrtdfhs fi ecg sdfi rhedõg igtri mhs

qui odburh mh sunh fi 584.6:4 pi scs y 9 rihmis qui riedjdõ im ecrcgim ecmcnjdhgc C—Mihry igE`dmi pcr crfig fim Mdjir thfcr. Ecnc hfi nès, ig im nc fc ig qui si `d zc mh buirrh fi mh Dgfi-pig fig edh gc irh oèedm igecgtrhr fceunig thfhs mhs sunhs qui ig immh si dgvdrtdircg, nu e`cnès euhg fc mhs ecndshrîhs y inpmihfcs prdgedphmis ig im rhnc fi @h edigfh `h jîhg sdfcecmcnjdhgcs qui is thjhg yh ouirh fim \irû1 y ecnc `h jîh, pcr ctrh phrti, im ikäredtc fi Ec mcn-jdh htrhvishfc guis trc fdmhthfc phîs y mcs codedhmis y trcphs riedjdi rcg ehgtdfhfis ig vh rdhsti scri rîhs y ugh fi mhs fd vdsdcgis si `hjîh in jhrehfc ig im sur y ctrh ig im Eh mmhc phrh Ecmcn-jdh, riqui rîh tdinpc im ecmiethr y crfi ghr fceunig tcs, pcr euyh rhzõg mh mdqudfhedõg finc rõnu e`c tdin pc. Ig is tc scjri vdgc mh fdscedhedõg fi Ecmcnjdh y im Bcjdirgc fi Gui vh Brhghfh

MH FIYFH ECBZHG ECMCN

Ig 80:4, mh fiufh qui\irû tigîh ecg mh Brh

Ecmcnjdh si fdvdfdõigtri mcs phîsis quiecgocrnhjhg fde`ctirrdtcrdc, fi heuirfc hmh sdbudigti prcpcre

GuivhBrhghfh

_ig

Ieuhfcr


9<

:0,9

:8,9



xxxxxxxxx

”Is dn pi rdcsc i dn pcs tir bhjmi quithgtc `dstc rdhfc ris ieuh tc rdhgcs,ecnc ec mcnjdhgcs y pi ruhgcs trh-

tig isi brhg is phedc `dstõrdec qui is mhmmhnh fh bui rrh ecg mh Brhg Ecmcnjdh(80:0-80:4) ecg gui vcs erdti rdcs y ugnès ecn pmitc hphrhtc erîtdec. Immc fird-vh fi mh giei sdfhf, hsî mh ecgsdfi rhncs,fi qui ish ith ph fi guis trh `dstc rdhecnûg gc sih ugh fi scn jrhs y sî fi ugrihm y ioietdvc is emhri edndig tc.

Fhncs pcr fis ecgthfc qui mh rihmdzh-edõg fi ug is tufdc ecg mhs ehrheti rîstd-ehs qui `i ncs igug edhfc, ug is tufdcni rdfdhghnig ti fc eunig thfc fi ish‐bui rrh‐ fdsdphrè mhs fdstcr sdcgis hm uscqui, fi ugh u ctrh nh gi rh, hphri eig igguis trhs `dstc rdhs fi ecg sunc dg tir gc.

\cr ctrc mhfc, ecg sdfi rhncs qui mh nhmfi gc ndghfh bui rrh ecg mh Brhg Ecmcn-jdh gc ri vdsti mcs riqudsdtcs gi ei shrdcsecnc ph rh sir ecg sdfi rhfh ug ecg omdetcfi eh rèetir dgtir ghedcghm. \cr im ecgtrh-rdc, sd mh scpi shncs ecg si ri gdfhf y sdghphsdcghndig tc, vi ri ncs qui ri vdstitc fhs mhs ehrheti rîstdehs fi ugh ecg tdig-fh edvdm. Ygh ecgtdigfh sdg vig ei fc risgd vigedfcs, qui tir nd gõ ehsd sdg `h jirin pi zhfc. T, sc jri tc fc, ugh ecg tdigfhqui si dgdedõ pcr nc tdvcs fi pc mîtdehdgtir gh, tir ndghgfc, dbuhmnig ti, ecgug hrri bmc fi ehrèetir ind gig ti nig ti

pc mîtdec...

Ecnc sh ji ncs, (...) thg tc Ec mcnjdhecnc \i rû si ig orhsehrcg ig ugh ehn-phøh fi prc phbhgfh pc mîtdeh qui mmivõig im ehsc ecmcnjdhgc, h ixhmthr y scjri-

fdnig sdcghr su hyufh ig mh ehnphøhdgfi pig fig tdsth, fdsnd guyig fc mhdgtir vig edõg piruhgh ig immh. \cr sumhfc, mcs piruhgcs ri e`h zhjhg thm dgoug-fdc ecg ug eri edig ti sig tdndig tc hg td-jc mdvhrdhgc, hm ndsnc tdin pc qui euis-tdcghjhg mh pirnh gig edh fi mcs pcecsioie tdvcs ndmdthris qui qui fh jhg igguis trc ti rrdtc rdc, gibèg fc si h shtdsoh-eir euhmqudir tdpc fi ecn pig shedõgpi eugdhrdh pcr mcs sirvdedcs pristhfcs,ixdbdfh pcr mh Brhg Ecmcnjdh. Ig im ocg-fc tc fc is tc irh ecg si euig edh fim hmi kh-ndig tc fim Mdjir thfcr fi tdi rrh pi ruh-gh, hm `hjir si orustrhfc su sui øc fiugdõg ecgtdgig thm jh kc su puøc.

Mc hgti rdcr ig euhgtc h ug rèpdfcis jc zc fi mhs ehushs fim igorigthndig-tc. Mc edirtc is qui, ig gdg bûg nc nig-tc, gd ug phmnc fi ti rrdtc rdc piruhgcoui ceuphfc pcr trc phs brhgecmcnjdh-ghs. \cr im ecgtrhrdc, mh iseuhfrh pi ruh-gh ri ecrrîh mhs ecsths ecmcnjdhghs fis-fi \h ghnè h Nh e`h mh sdg igecg trhrcpc sdedõg hmbugh, ndig trhs qui im ikär-edtc is thjh ig ecg fdedcgis fi ori ghreuhmqudir coig sdvh qui si mhgzhrh ecg-trh guis trc ti rrdtc rdc. T ecnjdghgfcheedcgis ti rris tris y nh rîtdnhs, im \i rûis thjh puis ig hp tdtuf fi in prig fircpi rhedcgis ig ti rrdtc rdc ecmcnjdhgc,ig euhmqudir pug tc fi mh ecsth fim \heî-odec, ecg nhr ehfhs pc sdjdmdfh fis fi

äxdtc„.

Fi Oämdx Figi brd, \i rû y Ieuhfcr. Hpug-tis ph rh mh `dstc rdh fi ugh orcgti rh, Mdnh; Dgstdtutc Zdvh Hbýirc, 844?, pp.00-04.

MH BuIZZH ECg MHBZHg ECMCNJDHECgUVDVuTI ugC

FI MCUHgVIEIFIgVIU FIM

\ZCMCgBHFCFDoIZIgFC

oZCgVIZDzC IgVZIIM \IZÛ T

IEuHFCZ. \CZIUVH ZHzÕg, @H

ECgEDVHFC MHHVIgEDÕg FI

FD_IZUCUIUVuFDCUCU

DgVIZIUHFCU Ig MH@DUVCZDH FI MHU

ZIMHEDCgIU

JDMHVIZHMIU FIIUVCU FCU \HîUIU.

IM ECgoMDEVC ECg MH BZHg ECMCN

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 8? 8?



_________

codedõ h su ecndsdcghfc si øcr Vrdugoc phrh qui mh suspig fdirh. Ndigtrhs qui gc si ri fuzehg fimhs ehgtdfhfis ri ecgcedjmis fi Ecmcnjdh mhs riecgcedjmis fim \irû, is jdig emhrc qui ghfh si`h purdodehfc gd mdqudfhfc".

Mh mitrh fhfh h C—Mihry ecrrispcgfîh h ugh jui gh euigth ig tri bhfh hm Bcjdirgc fi Ec mcn-jdh pcr im fim \irû. Fieîhsi pcr im mhfc pi ruhgc qui fi jîh is tdnhr si, hfi nès, im vhmcr fim vis-

tuhrdc, iqudpc y nu gdedcgis fi mhs trcphs ecmcnjdhghs euhgfc ri bri shrcg h su phtrdh y im fimcs phbcs ì e`cs h sus kiois pcr mcs hmehgeis fi sus hg tirdcris sir vdedcs.Mh fiufh fim \i rû h Ecmcnjdh oui mdqudfhfh fu rhgti mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi Ieì gdqui, ecnc

si vi rè cpcrtughnig ti.

CVZCU HUYG VCU IG IM VZHVHFC MHZZIH-BYHM.- \hrh pcgir odg h mcs nutucs ri emhncsig ec gi xdõg ecg mcs dgedfig tis prc thbcgdzhfcs pcr Hrni rc y _dmmh, mh fiedsdõg ecg kugth oui mh finig edcghrmcs figtrc fi tär ndgcs bi gi rhmis, ig ug hrtîeumc fim trhthfc. Mhrrih pdfdõ muibc ughhn gdstîh h ohvcr fi mcs qui si ùjdi rhg ecn prcni tdfc pcr cpdgdcgis pc mîtdehs furhgti mh buirrh,puis jus ehjh ohvcrieir h mcs phrtdfhrdcs fim \irû ig mcs tirrdtcrdcs nirdfdcghmis fi Ecmcnjdh1 yBuhm mi ecgtis tõ qui ig ish zc gh gc `hjîh pri scs pcr cpdgdcgis pc mîtdehs y qui im hrtîeumc irhdggi ei shrdc. Gc si cpusc Mhrrih h qui im \irû phbhsi mhs fiufhs fi khfhs pcr im ikäredtc ig mcsfi phrthnig tcs fi Hzuhy y Buhyhqudm. Ig mc ecgeirgdigti h mcs hbrhvdcs dgoirdfcs fis puäs fi Vhrqud, Buhm, sdg eriir qui fijîhg sir nig edcghfcs ig im trhthfc, hsi burõ qui Ecmcnjdh fhrîheuhgtcs fi eri tcs shtdsohetcrdcs y `cgrcscs phrh im \irû pcfîh fi sihrsi. Ygh fi emhrhedõg, ehg kih-fh ig im nc nig tc fi mh odrnh fi fd e`c phe tc, ixpri sõ qui `h jrîh ugh ixpmîedth y scmingi ri vc-ehedõg fim fieri tc fi nc gunig tcs y fdstdgtdvcs ixpi fdfcs ig im ehnpc fi Vhrqud, fim ndsncnc fc, im \irû fi jîh ris tdtudr mcs `cgcris y fdstdgedcgis hm Mdjir thfcr y hm ikäredtc huxdmdhr fi sunhg fc. Im Ecgbri sc pi ruhgc ixpri sõ qui fde`cs tis tdnc gdcs sujsdstîhg y qui im \irû gc pcfîhcmvdfhr mcs sirvdedcs fim Mdjir thfcr y fim ikäredtc ugdfc. E`dmi quifõ ec nc èr jdtrc y ecgedmdhfcrig mhs fdspuths y fdoirig edhs qui pufdirhg prcvigdr fim trhthfc.

Im tixtc fi is ti dgemuyõ mcs pugtcs qui si `hg nig edcghfc. Ygc fi sus hr tîeumcs (im qui,si bûg Mhrrih y Mcri fc mi mmigõ fim bczc nès dgiohjmi) mmibhjh `hs th mh prcs erdpedõg fi mh buirrhig tri mhs fcs Zipûjmdehs, euhmisqudirh qui ouisig sus qui khs y fishvigig edhs, ndigtrhs gcù jdi rhg tigthfc tc fcs mcs nifdcs fi ugh ecg edmdhedõg hndbhjmi y, ig fi oietc fi immh, im dnphr-edhm kudedc fi ug bcjdirgc hni rdehgc hndbc.

Ctrc hrtîeumc fim trhthfc fi Mhrrih-Buhm istdpumõ qui hnjhs Zi pûjmdehs si cjmdbhjhg y ecn-prcni tîhg h mh ecnpmith hjc mdedõg y ixtdrphedõg fim trèodec fi is emhvcs fi Èordeh1 mcs qui ecgimmcs ecnir edhrhg sirîhg rispcgshjmis fim erdnig fi pd rhti rîh.

MH ECNDUDÕG \HZH OD KHZ MH MÎGIH FD _DUCZDH IGVZI IM \IZÛ T ECMCNJDH.- Mcsecndsdcghfcs ec mcnjdhgcs phrh isth mhjcr oui rcg Iubi gdc Vhnh rdz y Hbustîg Bõniz. Im prdni rcfi immcs fiemhrõ, høcs nès thrfi, qui Jc mîvhr mc mmhnõ ecg im odg fi fiedrmi qui äm y Bhnh rrh

is thjhg fi heuir fc ig tc nhr ec nc pug tc fi phr tdfh phrh mh mîgih mh jceh fim rîc Vunjisfi jdig fc sir im Nhrhøõg im mîndti ghturhm qui `hjîh fi od khrsi. "Fdoirdncs (mi `hjrîh hbribhfcJc mîvhr) ig qui yc qudirc qui im rîc @uhgehjhn jh sih im mîndti ce edfig thm hsth su ecgomuigedhecg im Nhrhøõg y immcs pritig fig qui mc sih im E`dge`dpi". Heipthjh, ig su nh, Jc mîvhr eifir mhphrti fi Khäg qui is tè ig mh crdmmh firi e`h fim Nhrhøõg1 pirc scmc sd im \irû eifîh "mcs tirrigcsqui is tèg ig tri mh crdmmh dzqudirfh fim @uhgehjhn jh y mh firi e`h fim E`dge`dpi y sd ig viz fimNhehrè ecgvdigig ig qui im Xudrcz gcs sdrvh fi mîndti ig tri Mc kh y \durh". Ucjri is ti pri sugtcheuirfc ig tri Jc mîvhr y Bhnh rrh qui, pcr ctrh phrti, gc ecn prig fîh mh tcthmdfhf fi mh mîgih, gc`hy sdgc ugh fi emhrhedõg ugdmhti rhm y thrfîh fi Vhnh rdz.

CVZC HZVîEFIM VZHVHMHZZIH-BuHIUVD\uMÕ qHNJHUZI\ÛJMDEHUCJMDBHJHgECN\ZCNIVîMH ECN\MIVHJCMDEDÕg

IxVDZ\HEDÕVZ oDEC FIIUEMH_CU F

oZDEH1 MCECg IMMCUECNIZEDHZUIZîHgZIU\CgUHJMFIM EZDNIg\DZHVIZîH.




Ig 80:4 mcs pmigdpctigedhrdcs, Kcs

fi Mhrrih y \ifrc Buhm,hecrfhrcg ig mh edufhffi Buhyhqudm (Ieuhfcr)

mcs t rndgcs fim trhthfcqui odrnhrîhg phrh

fiodgdr mcs mîndtis fihnjhs ghedcgis. Ig 805?,

ug vdhkirc orhge sribdstrõ mh edufhf igisth dnhbig tdtumhfh

”Ehmmi Guivh„ y pujmdehfh

ig im mdjrc_cyhbihutcur fu ncgfi

ix eut pigfhgt mishgg is 805? it 8052 sur

mh ecrvitti Mh Jcgdti(809:).

MCU HEYIZFCUFI BYHTHXYDM

Mhs dgstrueedcgis fh fhs pcr Jc mîvhr h mhs ecndsdcgis `hg sdfc pu jmdehfhs ecnc hgi xc h mhni nc rdh fim ndgdstrc fi Zi mhedcgis Ix ti rdcris fim Ieuhfcr hm Ecgbri sc fi 84<9. Fi eîhg immhs, igphrti; "5ª Im Bcjdirgc fi Ec mcnjdh, mi kcs fi eifir ec sh hmbugh h mh prcvdgedh fi Mc kh, fisih ecg-sirvhrmh îgti brh, hsî ecnc mh prcvdgedh fi Khäg, fi mhs qui hpighs `hjîh fi ei fir ughs pi qui øhspcredcgis fi mcs ecgodgis qui, hug qui mi pirti gi eig, Ecmcnjdh eifi hm \irû pcrqui gc qudiri

riecgceir pcr hqui mmh phrti ctrcs mîndtis qui mcs ghturhmis qui ocrnhg mhs hbuhs fi Nhrhøõg.8<ª Fiji ti gir si pri sig ti qui im rîc E`dge`dpi is tè fig trc fim tirrdtcrdc fi Ecmcnjdh; ocrnhugh rhnh fh euyhs rdji rhs, eumtdvhfhs y pcjmhfhs pcr edufhfhgcs fi mhs prcvdgedhs fi Mc kh y Khäg,is tèg ecn prig fdfhs, pcr mc nigcs, ig im tirrdtcrdc fi is th ûmtdnh, mc euhm is ecgsthgti h mcs `hjd-thgtis fi mh ndsnh prc vdgedh".

Ecnc Buhm `hjîh ecgvigdfc ig Buh yhqudm ecg Mhrrih mh mîgih fi E`dg e`dpi, is ths dgstrueedc-gis hsî ecnc im prcyietc fi mîgih ri vimhfc pcr Vhnh rdz ie`hjhg pcr tdirrh fde`c ecn prcndsc ysi pc gîhg hm nhrbig fim ispîrdtu y fi mh mitrh fim trhthfc, phrh pritig fir trhgs ocrnhr su hpmdeh-edõg ig ugh suei sdõg fi ei sdcgis dgecgfdedcghmis ìe`hs pcr im \irû.

Ig tc fc ehsc, gc ù jc mubhr gd sdqudirh h ug ehnjdc fi dfihs ig tri mcs ecndsdcghfcs. Euhg-fc mcs ecmcnjdhgcs mmibhrcg h Vunjis ig fd edin jri fi 80:4 gc h mmhrcg h mcs piruhgcs. Fi jdfchm rdbcr fi mh isthedõg fi hbuhs, igtcgeis dgdedhfh, fi edfdircg pcstir bhr sus trhjh kcs. Ig hjrdm fi805< ouircg gcn jrh fcs mcs fimibhfcs pi ruhgcs Kcsä Oämdx Ehstrc y Ncfis tc fi mh _ibh. Hm mmibhrimmcs h Vunjis, yh si `h jîhg ri tdrhfc mcs ecmcnjdhgcs.

Q DD ^MH NDUDÕG VCNÈU NCUXYIZH IG MDNH.- Hm ndsnc tdin pc qui gcn jrõ h mcs ecndsdc-ghfcs ph rh mh finhr ehedõg, Jcmîvhr fi sdbgõ ecnc nd gdstrc ig Mdnh h Vcnès E. fi Ncs qui rh,ìr nh gc fi Kchquîg Ncsqui rh qui `h jîh fi sin pi øhfc høcs hgtis im ndsnc ehr bc. Ig mhs dgs-trueedcgis qui ri edjdõ ig gui vc fdpmcnè tdec fim Ecgsi kc fi Ndgdstrcs risdfig ti ig Jc bctè (yqui `hg sdfc pu jmdehfhs pcr Ig rdqui Cmhyh @irrirh ig im mdjrc Euistdcgis ti rrdtcrdhmis, Jcbctè,84<9) si mi crfi gõ dgsdstdr, scjri tc fc, ig im riemhnc fim ti rrdtcrdc ecnprig fdfc fig trc fi mcsmîndtis fi mhs prcvdgedhs fi Khäg y fi Mc kh. Igtri mcs phpi mis qui mi ouircg ig tri bhfcs h Ncsqui-rh isthjh ugh ecpdh fi mh eäfu mh fi 80<:. Ecg oie`h :9 fi ce tujri fi 80:4 is erdjdõ h Jcmîvhrfis fi Buh yhqudm ecgsumtègfc mi quä is mc qui ripmdehrîh h mcs piruhgcs sd mi prisig thjhg fc eu-nig tcs oi hedigtis ig ri mhedõg ecg mh edthfh eäfu mh y ixdbîhg mh rdji rh dzqudirfh fim Nhrhøõg.Gc si ecgcei mh rispuis th fi Jc mîvhr.

Ncsqui rh ecnig zõ sus bistdcgis h prdgedpdcs fi fdedin jri. \rc pusc hm ndgdstrc fi Zi mh-edcgis Ix ti rdcris Kcsä fi Hrnhs `h eir ug ecgvigdc scjri mîndtis qui sdrvdirh fi jh si phrh mcsecndsdcghfcs "pcrqui im hrtîeumc fim trhthfc is tè dgfi odgdfc" (phmhjrhs fi Ncs qui rh ig ehrthh Jcmîvhr im 0 fi fdedin jri, pu jmdehfh ig im tcnc DP fi mhsNinc rdhs fi C—Mihry ). Fi ctrh ehrthfim ndsnc si fi fu ei qui ù jc heuir fc sc jri hmbugcs pugtcs, sd jdig, ig ehnjdc, im rîc E`dg-e`dpi oui ti nh fi mh nhycr fdvirbig edh. Mcs piruhgcs qui rîhg qui mh mîgih phshrh pcr isti rîcy Ncsqui rh pcr im @uhgehjhn jh. Im ecrcgim Hmt`hus `h jîh sdfc ig ehrbhfc fi ocr nhr ug nh ph

fi mh zcgh ig mdtdbdc y im guivc ehgedmmir Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc ix pri sõ ig igi rc fi 805< quiirh pri edsc is pi rhr thg dnpcrthgti fc eunig tc. Ygh viz qui mc cjtuvc, fdrdbdõ \hgfc ig oi jri-rc fi 805< ug codedc hm gibcedhfcr ec mcnjdhgc ecg ug prcyietc fi fi mdndthedõg fisfi imE`dge`dpi `hs th mh ecsth y hmmî pusc ecnc ûmtdnc mîndti im rîc [hrundmmh y gc im Vunjis qui,si bûg Ncsqui rh, `hjîh sdfc si øhmhfc fi ec nûg heuir fc h odgis fi fd edin jri. "Ud ecgvdgdärh-ncs ig mhs jhsis prcpuis ths pcr im ndgdstrc fi Zi mhedcgis Ix ti rdcris gc `h jrîhncs bh ghfcctrh ecsh qui ughs simvhs fi Khäg y Nhyghs pcrqui tc fcs mcs puijmcs fi hqui mmhs prcvdgedhsqui fh règ ig mh phrti qui pri tig fi ecg sirvhr im \irû", iserdjdõ Ncsqui rh igtcgeis. Mh fdoîedmsdtuhedõg pcmîtdeh qui hecn phøõ h mh fdscmuedõg fi mh Brhg Ecmcnjdh dnpdfdõ qui im Bcjdirgc

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 8? 80



Hjcbhfc vigizcmhgcfurhgti mh buirrh fi 80:4 siigehrbõ fi mhsgibcedhedcgis pcr immhfc fi mh BrhgEcmcnjdh. Muibc fi fdscmuedõg fi istitirrdtcrdc, istuvc hehrbc fi mh \risdfigefi _igizuimh ig triscpcrtugdfhfis; ig 8098094 y 80?8.

\IFZC BYHM(8205-80?:)

fi is ti phîs hj scmvdirh mh ecgsumth scjri im prcyietc fi \hg fc. Ncs qui rh eriyõ qui, ig vdsthfi is th sdtuhedõg, mcs fdpmcnè tdecs pi ruhgcs `h jîhg fi edfdfc bh ghr tdinpc y hpmhzhr mhs gibc-edhedcgis y hsth heusõ h Bhnh rrh y sus ecmhjc rhfc ris fi ti gir prc põsdtcs cs tdmis h Ecmcnjdhig ri mhedõg ecg mh orcgti rh gcrti fim \i rû.

IM UY\YIUVC \ZCVCECMC \IFI NCGVI-NCUXYIZH T MCU HZBYNIGVCU UCJZIUY OHMUIFHF T UY DG _HMDFI[.- @hedh 802< Ncsqui rh, risdfig ti ig tcgeis ig Mdnh, ig tri bõhm `dstcrdhfcr pi ruhgc Nhrdhgc Oimdpi \hz Ucmfèg ugh ecpdh fim prctcecmc qui, sibûg fd kc, `hjîhodrnh fc ecg im ehgedmmir Ehrmcs \ifi ncg ti, suei scr fi \hg fc, im 88 fi hbcstc fi 805<, phrh riec-gceir ecnc mîndti gcr ti fim \i rû im rîc Nhrhøõg. Ehrmcs \hz Ucmfèg trhsndtdõ isi phpim h mh Ehged-mmirîh piruhgh ig 8004. Hrturc Bhreîh mc dgemuyõ ig mh ninc rdh qui rifhetõ phrh fi oigsh fim trhth-fc pcr äm odrnh fc ecg im Ieuhfcr, y jdig `dzc gcthr qui gc si shjîh sd fde`c fc eunig tc h jîh sdfcscni tdfc h hprcjh edõg mibdsmhtdvh y qui gc si ecgceîh im ecrrispcgfdigti ikin pmhr piruhgc. Hmpujmdehrsi codedhmnig ti ig Mdnh mhEcmieedõg fi trhthfcs fi Zdehrfc Hrhgfh im igehrbhfc fi gi bc-edcs fi Ecmcnjdh si fdrdbdõ ig 8045 h mh Ehgedmmirîh fi Mdnh i dgqudrdõ pcr quä gc hjîh sdfc dgemud-fc im prctcecmc \ifi ncg ti-Ncs qui rh. Mh rispuis th oui qui fde`c fc eunig tc gc ixdstîh ig imhre`dvc fim Ndgdsti rdc fi Zimhedcgis Ix ti rdcris. Ig mhs ecgoirig edhs ioietuhfhs ig tri im \irû yEcmcnjdh ig 8046 mcs gibcedhfc ris ecmcnjdhgcs Bhmdgfc y Vhgec Hrni gc gc mc nigedcghrcg.

Im `dstcrdhfcr Muds Ymmch, h qudig fäji si ugh ndguedcsh dgvistdbhedõg scjri mhs rimhedcgispi ruhgc-ecmcnjdhghs ig 80:4 y 805<, `h fincs trhfc mh ohmsi fhf fim supuis tc prctcecmc quiNcsqui rh fdc h ecgceir scmc ig 802<. Hmbughs fi mhs rhzcgis ighr jc mhfhs phrh scsti gir is thohmth fi hu tig tdedfhf si ri mhedcghg ecg mh dstcrdh fi mh ndsdõg Ncsqui rh, mhs edreugsthgedhs pri-fc ndghgtis ig hbcs tc fi 805<, im istdmc fim fceunig tc, mhs fdoirig edhs igtri mhs ecpdhs prisig-thfhs y su ecgti gdfc. Hphrti fi sus ohmmhs brhnh tdehmis, im prctcecmc hphri ei ec nc scs pi e`c sch mh muz fi ugh erîtdeh dgtir gh pcrqui, fi heuir fc ecg su tix tc, ig im ehnjdc fi dfihs ig tri mcsfcs gi bcedhfc ris, \i fi ncg ti si vuimvi nu fc euhg fc, hgti su ri oirig edh h mh eäfu mh fi 80<:,Ncsqui rh mi prisig th ugh Buîh fi Ocrhsti rcs ifdthfh ig Is phøh qui dgemuîh hm bcjir ghfcr fiish zcgh igtri mcs ougedcghrdcs fim _d rridghtc fi Uhgth Oi. Istc qudiri `h eir eriir qui ug `cn-jri fi thg th eumturh ecnc im ehgedmmir piruhgc dbgcrhjh mh ixdstig edh fi mhs Buîhs fi Ocrhsti rcspujmdehfhs ig im \i rû, sibûg mhs euhmis Nhyghs pirti gi eîh h isti vdrridghtc y thn pcec ti gîhgctdedhs fi ctrcs fc eunig tcs ecn prcjh tcrdcs fi mh vdbig edh fi mh eäfu mh. Vcfh mh `hjdmdfhffdhmäetdeh y mh irufdedõg `dstõrdeh si ecgeig trhg ig im pmigdpctig edhrdc ecmcnjdhgc euyh imc-euig edh hphri ei ri prcfu edfh ecg prc md kdfhf hkigh h mh täegdeh fi ug prc tcecmc fi od khedõg fimîndtis. Ymmch prisig tõ, hfi nès, prui jhs hghmîtdehs, tistdnc gdhmis y nhti rdhmis fi mh ohmth fihutig tdedfhf fim ri oirdfc fc eunig tc. Igtri ctrhs, iguni rõ mhs sdbudigtis; 8» Ig ug ocmmitcdnpri sc ig 8065, Ncsqui rh si mdndtõ h `heir mh `dstcrdh fi sus gibcedhedcgis ecg \hg fc y gcnig edcgõ h \i fi ncg ti gd hm prctcecmc1 :» im ndsnc Ncs qui rh, ig ugh ehrth qui nhg fõ hmndgdstrc fi Zi mhedcgis Ix ti rdcris fi Gui vh Brhghfh ig 8095, h prcpõsdtc fim trhthfc pi ruhgc-jrhsdmirc fi 8098, ghrrõ guivhnig ti mh `dstcrdh fi su ndsdõg ig Mdnh, nès c ni gcs ig mh nds-

nh ocrnh qui ig 8065 y thn pcec hmufdõ hm prctcecmc pirnh gi edigfc ig dbuhm nutdsnc pcs-ti rdcrnig ti y nhg ti gdigfc mh ndsnh hetdtuf ig su fi oigsh hutcjdcbrèodeh euhgfc is thjhig kudedhfc ig 80?21 5» Ig su ninc rdh fi 8058, \ifi ncg ti gc ec nu gdeõ hm Ecgbri sc mh odrnhfi fc eunig tc hmbugc ig ri mhedõg ecg mcs mîndtis pi ruhgc-ecmcnjdhgcs1 6» Ncsqui rh, sibûgecgsth ig pi rdõfdecs fi mh äpceh, si in jhreõ ig im Ehmmhc ig vdh ki h Ecmcnjdh im 4 fi hbcs tcig ug ju qui qui si fdc h mh vimh im 8<, c sih ug fîh hgtis fi mh oie`h ig qui hph ri ei odrnh fcim prctcecmc1 9» Igtri im 2 y im 88 fi hbcstc is tuvc h ehrbc fim fis phe`c fi Zi mhedcgis Ix ti rdc-ris im ndgdstrc fi Bc jdirgc Nhtîhs Miõg euyh odrnh hphri ei ig mcs fceunig tcs codedhmis fihquim rhnc1 ?» Im ? y im 88 fi hbcstc im ecnc fc rc Rhmfi brhvi, kioi fi mh fdvdsdõg ghvhm dgbmish




ig im \hedodec, fdrdbdõ gcths hm ehgedmmir Nhtîhs Miõg ecg nctdvc fi ug kudedc fi pri shs qui sisi buîh hgti im trdju ghm rispie tdvc ig im Ehmmhc1 2» Euhgfc Ncs qui rh mmibõ h Buhyhqudm ig 805<gc fdc h mh pujmdedfhf mh gctdedh fi qui `h jîhg ecg emudfc sus bis tdcgis ecg mh brhg vdetcrdhfdpmcnè tdeh phrh Ecmcnjdh qui si htrdju yõ ig 802<1 0» Euhgfc ig 8068 fdseutdircg mcs siøcris_hmfdvdisc y Miõg mcs mîndtis ti rrdtcrdhmis fim Ieuhfcr y im \irû y isbrdndi rcg hn jcs fd pmcnè td-

ecs hrbunig tcs fi eh rèetir `dstõrdec, im prctcecmc fi 805< gc oui nigedcghfc (is th ûmtdnhriomixdõg oui ocrnu mhfh pcr prdni rh viz pcr im iserdtcr ecmcnjdhgc Bunir sdgfc Täpiz ig 8488y Ymmch mh riecbdõ y hnpmdõ).

_deig ti Uhgthnh rîh fi \h ri fis si jh sõ ig mhs sdbudigtis rhzcgis hfdedcghmis ig su istufdcscjri mh euistdõg fi mîndtis ig tri im \irû y im Ieuhfcr phrh scsti gir mh ndsnh ti sds; 8¼ Ecmcnjdhgc ix `djdõ im crdbdghm fim prctcecmc euhgfc im \i rû mc gibõ ig 8045 y thnpcec mc `h prisig thfcnès thrfi1 :» Im 88 fi hbcstc fi 805<, oie`h ig qui hph riei odrnh fc im prctcecmc, yh Ncsqui rh`hjîh fi khfc fi ikir eir mh pmigdpctig edh ig Mdnh si bûg ecgsth fi mc sdbudigti; h) Ncsqui rhecnu gdeõ hm ndgdstrc fi Zi mhedcgis Ix ti rdcris fim \i rû im :6 fi kumdc qui si djh h su phtrdh fdedäg-fc mi qudägis qui fhjhg ig ehrbhfcs fi mcs gibcedcs y fispdfdägfc si1 j) Im 58 fi kumdc pdfdõohedmdfhfis ph rh in jhrehr su iqudph ki qui djh h ecnig zhr h igvdhr hm fîh sdbudigti1 e) Im ecnhg-fhg ti bi gi rhm fi Nhrdgh fim Ehmmhc nhgdoistõ im : fi hbcstc qui eun pmdrîh mhs õrfi gis fi oh ed-mdthr im injhrqui fim pmigdpctig edhrdc fi Ecmcnjdh.

Hugqui ouirh hfndtdfc `dpctätdehnig ti qui ixdstdõ im \rctcecmc \ifi ncg ti-Ncs qui rh, gcpcfrîh ti gir vhmdfiz c iodehedh hmbugh, sibûg Uhgthnh rîh fi \h rifis y si bûg mh ecndsdõg täegdehisphøcmh qui mc istufdõ ig 848<, pcr mhs sd budigtis rhzcgis; 8¼ Ig mh oie`h fi su su puis th eimijrh-edõg yh gc ixdstîh mh Zipûjmdeh fi Ec mcnjdh pcr hjir si crbhgdzhfc ec nc Is thfcs dgfi pig fdigtis_igi zuimh y Ieuhfcr1 :» Im prctcecmc fi kõ pigfdigti sd mcs mîndtis ce edfig thmis fijîhg si øhmhrsipcr im E`dg e`dpi c im @uhgehjhn jh, is fi edr gc riscmvdõ heireh fi mh suirti fi mh prcvdgedh fi Khäg15» Mh mîgih od khfh vdcmõ mc istdpumhfc ig im Vrhthfc fi Buh yhqudm, ecmcehgfc hm \irû ig hetdtuf fi`heir vhsths y gc ecnpig shfhs ei sdcgis fi ti rrdtcrdc euhgfc Ec mcnjdh isthjh fdsuimth y Jcmîvhr`hjîh ehîfc. Ig im ehsc fi mmibhr h su piroieedcghndig tc, im prctcecmc `hjrîh ecgstdtudfc ug phe tcgui vc, isig edhmnig ti fdstdgtc fi mhs istdpumhedcgis ecg ti gdfhs ig im Vrhthfc fi Buh yhqudm. MhMîgih fi orcg ti rh hmmî od khfh gc ec rrispcgfi h mh ûmtdnh gd h ctrh hmbugh fi nhr ehedõg edvdm c pcmîtdehig tri mcs _drridghtcs fi Gui vh Brhghfh y im \irû. 6» Im prctcecmc gc oui rhtdodehfc pcr gdgbugc fimcs fcs bcjdirgcs gd mmibõ h sir ecgcedfc pcr gdgbugc fi mcs euirpcs mibdsmhtdvcs.

_îetcr Hgfräs Ji mhugfi `h hbri bhfc ig su mdjrc Mh ecgstdtuedõg dgdedhm fim \irû hgti im Firie`cDgtirghedcghm ctrh pruijh sc jri mh dgixdstig edh fim prctcecmc \ifi ncg ti-Ncs qui rh. Is mhni nc rdh fim ndgdstrc fi Zi mhedcgis Ix ti rdcris fi Ec mcnjdh Hmi khgfrc _ä miz, prisig thfh ig 8058fcg fi is ti fdei qui dbgcrh sd si `h mmivhfc h ehjc mh od khedõg fi mîndtis y si mdndth h nig edcghrmh prcpuis th pi ruhgh phrh qui, fi ec nûg heuir fc, si `dedirhg edirths ecgei sdcgis fi ti rrdtcrdcs.Is ivdfig ti qui sd im prctcecmc si odrnõ, Ncs qui rh mc `hjrîh ecnu gdehfc h su Ehgedmmirîh y immhmc `ujdi rh fhfc h ec gceir.

Mh hgti rdcr rivdsdõg fim fijh ti ig thjmhfc hmri fi fcr fim pritig fdfc \rc tcecmc \ifi ncg ti-Ncsqui rh vdigi h prcjhr, ugh viz nès, qui mh ohmsdodehedõg fi ouigtis `dstõrdehs puifi `h eirsi

gc scmc ecg mhs fi brhg hgtdbýi fhf sdgc ecg mhs fi äpc ehs riedigtis. Mhs supuis ths ehrths fiJc mîvhr h Uhg Nhrtîg pujmdehfhs pcr im fdpmcnè tdec hrbig tdgc Ecmcnjris Nèr ncm, mh mmhnh fhnõ gdth sieri th fi mcs kisudths, im hpõerdoc prctcecmc fi mcs shjdcs fi Udõg, thg utdmdzhfc pcr mhprcphbhgfh hgtdsi ndth ig is ti sdbmc, scg hmbugcs ig tri mcs nue`cs ehscs gctcrdcs ig qui `hsdfc pc sdjmi orhbuhr fceunig tcs ecrrispcgfdigtis h mh äpceh ecgtin pcrègih.

Ig tri tc fcs mcs hrbunig tcs hfu edfcs ecg trh mh hutig tdedfhf fim \rc tcecmc \ifi ncg ti-Ncsqui rh, `hy hmbugcs qui pui fig dn pri sdcghr nès h mcs kurdsths y h mcs fdpmcnè tdecs y thn-jdäg ctrcs h mcs `dstcrdhfc ris qui fhg prdnh eîh h mcs fhtcs ecrrispcgfdigtis h oie`hs y hgcn jris. Im `dstcrdhfcr qui, ig ehn jdc, ndri, hgti tc fc, mhs hnpmdhs pirspie tdvhs fim prcei sc

(...) MHVZHgUHEEDÕg quI

DN\MDEÕ IMVZHVHFC FI 80:4

Vu_C ugECgVIgDFC

BIgIZHM T _HBCUCJZI MH JHUI FI

MCU MîNDVIU FIMCU HgVDBuCU

_DZZIDgHVCU.ZIquDZDÕ MH

UuUEZD\EDÕg FIug HEuIZFC

ECN\MINIgVHZDCECg EIUDCgIU

NuVuHUVZHJHKHgFC ugH

ECNDUDÕg ECgFIMIBHFCU FIMCU FCU \HîUIU

UCJZI IMVIZZIgC.

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 8? :<



Ndmdthr y pcmîtdececmcnjdhgc qui ceupmh prisdfigedh fi suig euhtrccpcrtugdfhfis. Uu bcjdirgc si ehrhetird pcr sir mdjirhmncfirhfc y riocrnhfcrfim sietcr iecgõndec\rcncvdõ prdgedphmnigti mhhpirturh fi mh iecgcnecmcnjdhgh hm ixtir

VCNÈU ED\ZFI NCUXYIZ(8240-8020)

ivc mutdvc fi mcs puijmcs, gc puifi cnd tdr im igcrni sdbgdodehfc qui tdi gi mc qui ehji mmhnhrmh pruijh fim sdmigedc, fi si sig th høcs, fi rdvhfh fi mh edreugsthgedh fi qui gugeh, hgtis fi804<, oui dgvcehfc c pu jmdehfc im prctcecmc.

@hy ctrh ecgsdfi rhedõg qui fi ji pi shr ig im kudedc fi qudigis vhmcrdeig is ti hsugtc. ³\crquä `hjrîh odrnh fc \i fi ncg ti im fceunig tc qui, si bûg fd kc Ncsqui rh høcs nès thrfi, su nd-

shnig ti heip tõ3 Gc irh ecgvigdigti phrh mcs firie`cs c ph rh mcs dgti ri sis fim \i rû. Isthjh nuymi kcs fi fhr bmcrdh c pristdbdc h qudig fi äm si rispcgshjdmdzhrh ig gcn jri fi is ti phîs. Im ecmhp-sc fi mh Zipûjmdeh fi Ec mcnjdh prisig thjh ug is thfc fi ec shs nuy fdsthgti fi dgs pdrhr tincr.Im mhrbc prcei sc fi mhs gibcedhedcgis fis puäs fi mh suserdpedõg fim trhthfc fi 80:4 hmi khjh mhpcsdjdmdfhf fi qui si ri ehyisi jrus ehnig ti ig he tcs pri edpdthfcs, dnpumsdvcs c dgecgsumtcs. Gdmhs ecgsdfi rhedcgis ghedcghmis gd im hehthndig tc h mhs gcrnhs kurîfdehs gd mh hnjdedõg gd im fisicfi mh ohnh gd im ndifc gd mh mdbi rizh ùjdi sig pc fdfc, puis, ig hqui mmcs ncnig tcs, hrrhstrhr h\i fi ncg ti. Vcfc mi hecgsi khjh, ig ehn jdc, sir nuy ehutc. Ncsqui rh isthjh ig Mdnh fis fiprdgedpdcs fi fdedin jri fi 80:4 y gh fh `h jîh cj ti gdfc fu rhgti vhrdcs nisis fis puäs fi fds eu-tdr ecg mcs ndgdstrcs Hrnhs y \hg fc. ³Xuä nc tdvcs c rhzcgis mi ùjdi sig mmivhfc h ecg qudsthrjrus ehnig ti ugh brhg vdetcrdh ig hbcstc fi 805< ecg \i fi ncg ti3 ³Xuä bhghjh is ti, quäbhghjh su bc jdirgc, quä bhghjh im \irû hm eifir h ûmtdnh `c rh, ig vîspi rhs fi qui si nhr e`hrhim gibcedhfcr ec mcnjdhgc y euhgfc si fis `heîh im Isthfc qui äm ripri sig thjh3 Irh mõbdec, ghtu-rhm, ùnh gc, phtrdõtdec, fi khrmc phrtdr ecg mhs nhgcs vheîhs. Figtrc fim vhstc ehtèmcbc fi mcsdnpumscs pcr mcs euhmis prcei fig mcs fdpmcnè tdecs, mcs pcmîtdecs, mcs isthfdsths y mcs `cnjris gcpui fi ig ecgtrhrsi ugc sc mc qui ùjdi si pc fdfc nc vir mh nhgc fi \i fi ncg ti phrh ecbir mhpmunh y ecg ugcs euhgtcs rhsbcs ehn jdhr im fistdgc fi mhs vhsths ribdcgis hnh zõgdehs y fitcfc im gcrti y im crdigti fim \i rû.

Ig ri sunig, mh trhgsheedõg qui dnpmdeõ im trhthfc fi 80:4 tu vc ug ecgti gdfc bi gi rhm y vhbcscjri mh jhsi fi mcs mîndtis fi mcs hgtdbucs vdrridghtcs. Ziqudrdõ mh suserdpedõg fi ug heuirfcecn pminig thrdc ecg eisdcgis nu tuhs trhjh khgfc ugh ec ndsdõg ecg fimibhfcs fi mcs fcs phî-sis sc jri im ti rrigc. Ig mhs gibcedhedcgis qui si dgdedhrcg isi nds nc høc, pri fc ndgõ im irrhfcerdti rdc fi fdvdfdr Nhyghs pcr im eursc fi Nh rhøõg (ig ecg trhfdeedõg ecg mh eäfu mh fi 80<: quiim \irû gc prisig tõ ig tcgeis y thn jdäg ecgtrh im tixtc y im ispîrdtu fim trhthfc ph rh im euhm mcstîtumcs ecmcgdhmis odburhjhg ig prdnir tär ndgc, fi jdig fc sir nc fdodehfcs scmc pcr piqui øhsecgei sdcgis qui, ri eîprcehnig ti, fi jîhg `h eirsi mhs phrtis). Ig ehn jdc, ùjc fi sheuir fcsig tri Ncs qui rh y mcs fdpmcnè tdecs pi ruhgcs ig euhgtc h mh sieedõg crdigthm fi mh mîgih, thgtc igmh zcgh fi mcs rîcs E`dge`dpi y @uhgehjhn jh ec nc ig mc ecgeirgdigti h mcs rîcs Vunjis y [h ru-ndmmh. Hnjhs mîgihs, mh hnhzõgdeh y mh crdigthm, isthjhg ecg fdedcghfhs y gc ehjîh hrribmc ig ughphrti sdgc si rih mdzhjh ug ecg vigdc sini khgti ig mh ctrh. Mcs ecndsdcghfcs qui fi jîhg vdsdthr imvhstc ti rrdtcrdc ig mdtdbdc gc mmibhrcg h riugdrsi gd ugh scmh viz. Yg fdseutdjmi prctcecmc qui sifd kc oui odrnh fc ig 805< `h sdfc is brdndfc ig im fi jh ti fdpmcnè tdec scmc fispuäs fi 804< sdgsir pri sig thfc su tix tc hutägtdec. Mh Zipûjmdeh fi Ec mcnjdh quifõ fdsuimth ig 805< y ig sumubhr si ocrnõ ug gui vc Isthfc mdnî trcoi fim \irû ig im gcrcisti, mh Zipûjmdeh fim Ieuhfcr.

Q DDD ÎM VZHVHFC FI 80:4 T IM MDVDBDC \IZYHGC-IEYHVCZDHGC.- Mh tisds ieuhtcrdhgh, hvieis hpcyhfh pcr tis tdnc gdcs ecmcnjdhgcs, tdigi ec nc su ougfhnig tc `dstõrdec jè sdec ig immdtdbdc igtri im \irû y im Ieuhfcr h phrtdr fi 806< im trhthfc fi 80:4 y `h fi shrrcmmhfc su hrbu-nig thedõg h mc mhrbc fim sdbmc PP. Igtri ctrhs ecshs, scstdigi mc sdbudigti;

h) Im trhthfc fi 80:4 hph riei rîh ecnc ugh ridvdgfdehedõg buirrirh ougfhfh ig mcs firie`cs fiugh supuis th vdetcrdh scjri im \i rû phrh od khr ixpmîedthnig ti mh orcgti rh piruhgc-ieuh tcrdhgh y phrhhgumhr mh eäfu mh fi 80<:. Mh mîgih Vun jis, @uhgehjhn jh, Nhrhøõg c Hnhzcghs `hjrîh sdfc is th-

:8EH\ÎVYMC 8? \IZÎCFC 8



Euhgfc Ieuhfcr sisiphrõ fi mh Brhg

Ecmcnjdh, ig 805<,nhgtuvc ecnc jhgfirh

im phjimmõg trdecmcrecmcnjdhgc. Isti tdigi

tris orhgkhs; ughhnhrdmmh, qui ceuph mh

ndthf supirdcr1 ughhzum, qui ceuph mh

euhrth phrti sdbudigti1 y ugh rckh, qui ceuph

mh euhrth phrti dgoirdcr.Im hnhrdmmc sdnjcmdzh im

crc, mh hjugfhgtirdquizh fi mh

hbrdeumturh y mcs brhgfis rieurscs fim

phîs1 im hzum, im ce hgc y im edimc ieuhtcrdhgc1

y im rckc, mh shgbri virtdfh pcr sus ` rcis.

MH JHGFIZHFI IEYHFCZ

jmiedfh ig im trhthfc y ig im prctcecmc hfdedcghm fi 805< y fh rîh mubhr hm riemhnc fi ug vhs tc ti rrd-tcrdc "qui, hm siphrhrsi fi mh Brhg Ecmcnjdh, oui, ecnc mc is h`crh, fi mh Zipûjmdeh fim Ieuhfcr".

j) Im trhthfc fi 80:4 is thrîh vdbig ti.e) Im pmigdpctig edhrdc piruhgc Mhrrih y Mcrifc fd kc ig im eursc fi mhs gibcedhedcgis qui mh mîgih

pcfîh prdgedphr fis fi im rîc Vunjis, tc nhr fis fi äm ugh crdigthedõg fdhbcghm hm E`dge`dpi y ecg-

tdguhr ecg sus hbuhs `hsth im Nhrhøõg (c sih im Hnh zcghs) qui, sibûg hodrnõ, is im mîndti nèsghturhm y nhrehfc y im ndsnc qui si øhmhg mhs ehrths bic brèodehs hgtdbuhs y ncfir ghs. Hmbc phri-edfc ix pri sõ mh ecndsdõg fim Ecgbri sc pi ruhgc qui hprc jõ im trhthfc.

f) Mcs nhphs fi mh äpceh siøhmhg mh ndsnh mîgih fdvdscrdh1 hmbugcs is erdtcris ieuh tcrdhgcs yecmcnjdhgcs `hg `i e`c ugh mdsth `hsth fi 82 ehrths igtri 80<6 y 8065 ecg fde`c trhzc.

i) Mcs tîtumcs fi erihedõg fi mh Hufdigedh fi Xudtc (qui dgti brõ im _drridghtc fi Gui vh Brhgh-fh si bûg eäfu mh fi 8254) fdircg h isth kurdsfdeedõg `hsth \durh, Eh khnhr eh, E`he`hpcyhs y Ncyh-jhn jh nès hm sur fim rîc Hnhzcghs, pcr mc euhm mh mîgih fi 80:4 oui trhg sheedcghm.

o) Im trhthfc fi 80:4 oui ecg sdfi rhfc vdbig ti pcr im \i rû ig hmbughs cpcrtugdfhfis1 phrh immcsi hmufi h mh ninc rdh fim ndgdstrc Oimdpi \hr fc y Hmdhbh ig 8064 y h fceunig tcs codedhmis fi8090 y 804<.

Ehji cj kithr istcs hrbunig tcs fi heuir fc h mc sdbudigti;h) \ui fi, fis fi ug pug tc fi vdsth tiõrdec, prisig thrsi mh `dpõti sds fi qui Mhrrih y Mcrifc y mh

ecndsdõg fim Ecgbri sc fi 80:4 gc tu vdircg gctdedh ixheth heireh fim ecgti gdfc fi mh eäfu mh fi80<: scjri Nhy ghs c gc eriyircg ecgvigdigti edthrmh1 pirc im sdmigedc hgti im Firie`c gc dn pmdehsu fi rcbhtcrdh. Mh eäfu mh fi 80<: od khjh mcs mîndtis fi mcs _drridghtcs fim \i rû y fi Gui vh Brhghfh,qui sir vîhg ecnc jh si phrh siøhmhr mcs tirrdtcrdcs fi mhs fcs Zipûjmdehs sibûg im trhthfc fi 80:4.

j) Origti h mh ohmth fi pub ghedfhf pc mändeh qui ivdfig edhrcg is th viz mcs fdpmcnè tdecs yphrmhnig thrdcs piruhgcs, hphri ei mh ixhetdtuf fc eunig thm fi mh Ehgedmmirîh ecmcnjdhgh. Ui `hprcjh fc qui Jc mîvhr, Uueri y Ncsqui rh supdircg heireh fi mh eäfu mh fi 80<:. Mcs piruhgcs gc`hg utdmdzhfc tc fhvîh im vhmdcsîsdnc tis tdnc gdc fi Is thgdsmhc _irbhrh, im ndgdstrc qui trhtõ ecg imgi bcedhfcr Kcsä _dmmh ig 80:0.

Ig ugh ehrth fi _ir bhrh h Zuodgc Euirvc fi 5 fi nh yc fi 806: pu jmdehfh ig im vcmunig DDfim Ipdstcmhrdc fi is ti (Jc bctè, 84:<) si mii mc sdbudigti; "Nuy fis ohvcrhjmis scg phrh im Ieuhfcrmhs gctdedhs qui tigbc qui fhr heir eh fi Nhyghs. Ui mc fdsputhncs h mcs piruhgcs ig tdin pcfi Ec mcnjdh, privhmdägfc gcs fi su dbgcrhgedh fi mc qui `hjîh phshfc fis fi im høc fi 80<: ighfi mhgti; nhs gc pcr qui fdrie thnig ti si tu vdirh hmbûg fi ri e`c h isi ti rrdtcrdc… Nhyghs pir-ti gi edõ hm _drridghtc fi mh Guivh Brhghfh `hs th im høc fi 80<:1 pi rc igtcgeis, pcr eäfu mh fi89 fi kumdc, si sibri bõ fi äm y si hbribõ hm fim \irû. Hsî mc fdei ig su ri mhedõg fi nhg fc im vdrriyfcg \i frc Ni fdgui th ig fcs mubhris qui si ig euig trhg ig im ehpîtumc DDD qui trhth fi mcs cjds-phfcs1 y prcpcgdigfc mh imieedõg fim fi Ehshghri si ix pri sh hsî; ‐_igfrè h phrtdr fi sus mîndtis,pcr im ceedfig ti, ecg mhs kurdsfdeedcgis fi is th ehpdthm y fim ecrribdndig tc fi Vug kh1 pcr im suecg mhs prcvdgedhs fi \c phyèg ig sus ncg thøhs fi Hgfhquîis y fi Nc ech y qudzè tcehrè ecgim _drridghtc fim \i rû, ni fdhgti mh ixtig sdõg qui si mi `h fhfc ecg mh hbribhedõg fim bcjdirgcfi Nhy ghs, ecnprig fdigfc h mcs sujur jdcs, ite.‐. T nès hfimhgti hsi burh, edthgfc mh eäfu mh qui

`i ix pri shfc; ‐Dbuhmis ehushs `hg nc vdfc im rimdbdcsc ei mc fi guistrc ehtõmdec nc ghreh h irdbdrug Cjdsphfc ig mh prcvdgedh fi Nhyghs hm ndsnc tdin pc qui si sdrvdõ siphrhrmhs fi isti vdrrid-ghtc y hbribhrmh hm fim \irû‐".

"Xudiri ustif ugh ec sh nès tir ndghgti y nès ix pmdedth fi qui ig im tdin pc fi mh rivcmuedõgNhyghs gc irh fi is ti vdrridghtc y, pcr ecgsdbudigti gd fi mh \risdfig edh fi Xudtc. Hsî is qui sdim Bcjdirgc fim Ieuhfcr qudiri mmivhr mh bistdõg hfimhgti pcr imutd pcssdfi tds fi mcs vdrridghtcs, suehush is pir fdfh. Ig im Bcjdirgc fi Ec mcnjdh gcs vhmdncs fi fh tcs hgti rdcris hm høc ixpri shfcfi 80<: y ig tri ctrcs, fi mh Buîh fi Ocrhsti rcs fim _drridghtc fi 8245 ig qui is tè Nhyghs ecn-prig fdfc ig tri mcs bcjdirgcs fi pig fdigtis1 pirc gcs eudfhncs jdig fi gc ed thr fis fi 80<?, ig

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 8? ::



qui yh gc hphriei pcr qui `h jîh sdfc si bri bhfh fi mh Guivh Brhghfh. Tc trhtä fi is th nh ti rdhig nd ec rrispcgfig edh ecg im \migdpctig edhrdc fim \irû ig im høc fi 80:0…".

e) Mh virfhfi rh hetdtuf fim gibcedhfcr Mhrrih y Mcri fc y fim Ecgbri sc pi ruhgc fi mh äpceh`è mmhgsi ix pri shfhs ig mcs fceunig tcs inh ghfcs fi immcs y h mcs qui si `h rioirdfc is ti ndsncehpîtumc.

f) Im trhthfc fi 80:4 gc ig tri bõ Vunjis, Khäg c Nhyghs h Ecmcnjdh, gd trhzõ ugh mîgih fi orcg-ti rhs, gd si riodrdõ h mh scji rhgîh fi fi tir ndghfhs prcvdgedhs. Ui mdndtõ h od khr ug prdgedpdc ig mc ecg-eirgdigti h mh outurh fi mdndthedõg y siøhmõ im prcei fdndig tc phrh ug hrribmc trhgsheedcghm. Im eun-pmdndig tc fi is ti trhthfc `h jrîh fh fc mubhr hm ixhnig sc jri euè mis irhg mcs mîndtis fi mcs _drridgh-tcs fim \i rû y Guivh Brhghfh hm prcfu edrsi mh dgfi pig fig edh, hm gcnjrhndig tc fi ugh ec ndsdõgfi nhr ehfc rh y h mh fiedsdõg fi ug phîs hndbc ig im ehsc fi gc ixds tdr heuirfc ig tri mhs phrtis.

i) Gd ig mhs fimdji rhedcgis qui pri ei fdircg hm trhthfc fi 80:4, gd ig im tixtc fi is ti `dzcEcmcnjdh risirvhs heireh fi mh pcsi sdõg fi Khäg y fi Nhyghs pcr im \irû. Ecgtrhstõ is th hetdtufecg mhs ixdbig edhs phrh vcmvir h ceuphr Buhyhqudm i dgecrpcrhrmc figtrc fi su ti rrdtcrdc.

o ) Mcs nhphs gc codedhmis y sdg istufdcs scjri im ti rrigc gc scg prui jhs fi eh rèetir mibhm.b) Mh Zipûjmdeh fi Ec mcnjdh si fdscmvdõ ig 805< sdg qui im trhthfc fi 80:4 mmibhrh h ikieu-

thrsi. Im vhmcr fi isti is `ds tõrdec y gc kurîfdec.`) Im Ieuhfcr hm ecgstdtudrsi ec nc Is thfc dgfi pig fdigti gc dgemuyõ fig trc fi su ti rrdtcrdc y

fi su pc jmhedõg mhs ribdcgis qui nès thr fi `h ri emhnh fc hm \irû.d) Ehrig ti fi tî tumcs `dstõrdecs y sdg mh pcsi sdõg fi mh zcgh fdsputhfh, im Ieuhfcr tdigi ig ecg-

trh fi sus pri tig sdcgis im tixtc y im ispîrdtu fi mcs fcs ûgdecs trhthfcs qui `h ei mijrh fc ecg im\i rû ig ri mhedõg ecg mcs mîndtis; im fi 805: y im vdbig ti.

k) Im \irû si `h gi bhfc h fdseutdr ecg im Ieuhfcr ugh fi nhg fh ridvdgfdehtcrdh y phrh immc `hsi øhmhfc ec nc rh zcgis; 8) Im rispi tc h su dgti brdfhf cr bègdeh y h su ugdfhf gh edcghm qui shmvh-buhrfh im Firie`c dgtir ghedcghm1 :) Im ehrèetir shbrhfc i dgthgbdjmi qui tdigig mcs ncvdndig tcsfi prc pdh fitir ndghedõg y scji rhgîh qui ocrnhg mh isigedh fi mh inhgedphedõg fi Hnä rdeh1 5)Mh rihmdfhf pc si scrdh pcr phrti fim \i rû fi mh ugdfhf bic brèodeh dgfdvdsdjmi qui ecgstdtuyi mhribdõg hnhzõgdeh piruhgh qui irh phrti fim _drridghtc hgtis fi mh dgfi pig fig edh, qui ig 80:8y ig mcs høcs sdbudigtis ix pri sõ, ispcgtègih nig ti, su vcmugthf fi ocr nhr phrti fi is ti phîs yqui `h ecg tdguhfc jh kc mh pheîodeh i dnpir turjh jmi kurdsfdeedõg piruhgh pcr nès fi ug sdbmc.

IM IEYHFCZ ECNC IUVHFC DGFI \IG FDIGVI.- Mhs pcjmhedcgis ni rdfdcghmis fiEcmcnjdh qui si fi emhrhrcg dgfi pig fdigtis y nh gdoisthrcg, pcr ni fdc fi he ths scmingis, mhvcmugthf fi ocr nhr mh Zipûjmdeh fim Ieuhfcr ig nh yc fi 805< ouircg Xudtc, Buhyhqudm, Euig-eh y Mc kh. Gc dgtir vdgdircg, puis, ig mh dgfi pig fig edh y ig mh ocrnh edõg fi mh pirscghmdfhfghedcghm fi ish Zipûjmdeh gd ouircg dgvdthfcs h phrtdedphr ig immhs Vunjis, Khäg c Nhyghs quiig tcgeis ocrnh jhg phrti ph eîodehnig ti fim \i rû. Im fieri tc qui ecg vceõ h imieedcgis phrhfdputhfcs, fi heuir fc ecg is ths heths, nig edcgõ mhs sdbudigtis prc vdgedhs; \de`dge`h, E`dn-jc rhzc, Djhnju rh, Buhyhqudm, Nhghjî, Euig eh y Mc kh, y hbribõ h immhs \hstc (58 fi nh yc). Mh

prdni rh hshnjmih ecgstdtuyig ti fim Ieuhfcr si riu gdõ ig Zdcjhn jh ecg mcs fdputhfcs fitcfhs ishs edreugserdpedcgis, h ixeip edõg fi \hstc, y od kõ mh ecnpcsdedõg ghedcghm y tirrdtcrdhmfim guivc Isthfc. Im hrtîeumc 8» fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg ixpri sõ; "Mcs fiphrthnig tcs fi Hzuhy,Buhyhs y Xudtc qui fhg riu gdfcs ig tri sî ocrnhg fc ug scmc euirpc dgfi pig fdigti ecg imgcn jri fi Is thfc fim Ieuhfcr". T im hrtîeumc :»; "Im tirrdtcrdc fim Isthfc ecn prig fi mcs trisfi phrthnig tcs fim Ieuhfcr ig mcs mîndtis fim hgtdbuc ridgc fi Xudtc".

Gc `hy, puis, fu fh fi qui im Ieuh fcr ris pi tõ, ig im ncnig tc fi ougfhrsi, im firi e`c fim\i rû scjri Vun jis, Khäg y Nhyghs y fi qui is ths ndsnhs prc vdgedhs ecgodrnh rcg ecg su hetdtufmh gcrnh mdfhf y mibhmdfhf fi mh sdtuhedõg. Mc qui si `hjîh prcfu edfc fi `i e`c ig mh orcgti rh

MHU \CJMHNIZDFDCgHECMCNJDH FIEMHZHZCDgFI\IgFDIgVT NHgDoIUV\CZ NIFDC FHEVHU UCMMH _CMugVoCZNHZ MH

ZI\ÛJMDEH IEuHFCZ IgNHTC FI 805ouIZCg quDVBuHTHquDMEuIgEH T MC

:5EH\ÎVYMC 8? \IZÎCFC 8



gcrti fim \i rû h phrtdr fi 80:4 irh ugh sdtuhedõg fi sthtu quc qui mh fdscmuedõg fi Ecmcnjdh ymh ougfhedõg fim Ieuhfcr prc mcgbhrcg.

MH \ZIUYGVH DGVIGEDÕG FI OMCZIU FI DGVIZ _IGDZ IG IM \I ZÛ IG 8058.- Ygh dgocr-

nh edõg pujmdehfh ig 806: ri vimõ qui euhgfc, ig 8058, ixdstdõ mh prcjh jdmdfhf fi ugh bui rrh igtriim \irû y Jcmdvdh, c sih igtri Bhnh rrh y Uhgth Eruz, isti ig vdõ ripi tdfhs vi eis hm ecrcgim Hyhrfi ju ruig ugh ndsdõg sierith hgti im bigi rhm Omcris, pri sdfig ti fim Ieuhfcr. Im Bcjdirgc ieuhtcrdhgc mmibõh eimijrhr ug heuirfc pcr im euhm, sdg privdh fiemhrhedõg fi bui rrh, si hpcfi rhrîh fim fiphrthnig tcfi Mh Mdjir thf muibc qui prdgedpdhrhg mhs `cstdmdfhfis ig im sur. "Im siøcr Nhrdèti bud tdigi ec pdh fiis ti heuir fc". Gc oui dgvcehfc ig tcgeis im trhthfc fi 80:4. Hmbugcs trhjh kcs ouircg in prig fdfcsphrh ug prcgugedhndig tc h ohvcr fim Ieuhfcr ig hquim tirrdtcrdc (Im Ecnir edc, :2 fi nh yc fi 806:).

Ghfh mmibõ h `heirsi. H odgis fi 8058, hrri bmhfh mh euistdõg ecg Jcmdvdh, im Ieuhfcr dgdedõ susrimhedcgis fdpmcnè tdehs ecg im \irû scjri jh sis ix eip edcghmnig ti hndstcshs.

IM VZHVHFC \I ZYHGC-IEYHVCZDHGC FI 805:.- Im prdnir ri pri sig thgti fdpmcnè tdec fimIeuhfcr ig Mdnh, si øcr Fdibc Gcjch, oui ri ecgcedfc ig ce tujri fi 8058 y ix pri sõ pûjmdehnig tiqui, fdsuimth mh Brhg Ecmcnjdh, "gc hjrîh qudig pritig fdirh qui mcs phetcs qui dzc pcfrîhg ti girvhmcr hmbugc". Ecg mc euhm fiemhrõ mh ehfu edfhf fim trhthfc fi 80:4.

Im risumthfc fi mh ndsdõg Gcjch oui mh suserdpedõg ig Mdnh pcr äm y im ndgdstrc Kcsä Nhrîh fi\hg fc, fi fcs trh thfcs; ugc fi hnds thf y fi hmdhgzh1 y ctrc fi ecnir edc (8: fi kumdc fi 805:). Ig imphetc dgfdehfc ig prdnir mubhr, si fi eîh; "Ndigtrhs si eimijrh ug ecgvigdc scjri hrri bmc fi mîndtis,ig tri mcs fcs Isthfcs, si ri ecgcei règ y rispi thrèg mcs hetuhmis".

Im trhthfc fi 805: is fi brhg dn pcrthgedh ig im mdtdbdc piruhgc-ieuh tcrdhgc;8) \crqui is im ûgdec trhthfc nig edcghgfc mcs "mîndtis", odrnh fc ig tri im \irû y im Ieuhfcr1 fis-

fi mh ougfhedõg fi ish Zipûjmdeh `hsth 8002, ig qui hn jcs phîsis phethrcg im hrjdtrh ki.:) \cr qui ecg odrnh mh ehfu edfhf fim trhthfc fi 80:4.5) \crqui ri ecgcei im isthfc pc si scrdc fim \irû, c sih su fi rie`c h Vun jis, Nhy ghs y Khäg.Fdibc Gcjch, hutcr fi is ti phetc oui kioi supri nc y pri sdfig ti dgti rdgc fim Ieuhfcr ig 809<

y 8098 y prisdfig ti ecgs tdtuedcghm ig 8098.

H\ZCJHEDÕG T EHG KI FIM VZHVHFC FI 805:.- Mcs fcs trhthfcs fi 805: mmibhrcg h sirhprcjh fcs pcr mcs Ecgbri scs fi hn jcs phî sis, y ouircg ehg kihfhs mhs rhtdodehedcgis ris pie tdvhs. Mhhprcjh edõg fim Ecgbri sc ieuhtcrdhgc tuvc mubhr im 85 fi cetujri fi 805:, si bûg gcth fim sdbudig-ti fîh fim ehgedmmir K. Oämdx _hmfdvdisc. Im ehg ki si ioietuõ im :2 fi fdedin jri fi 805: ig tri mcs siøc-ris Nhguim fim Zîc y Hgtcgdc Imdzhmfi.

Im ripri sig thgti fi Gui vh Brhghfh ig im \i rû, Kcsä fim Ehrnig Vrdugoc, pritig fdõ cpcgir si hm Vrhthfc Gc jch-\hg fc hodrnhg fc qui ri vcehjh y hgumhjh mcs fi 80:: y 80:4. Uu riemhnh edõg phsõ

h ecgcedndig tc fim odsehm Nhguim \äriz fi Vufi mh qudig nhgdoistõ qui im \irû gc is thjh yh mdbhfcpcr mcs phetcs ei mijrhfcs ecg ug Is thfc qui `h jîh fis phriedfc.

MH ECGUVDVYEDÕG IEYHVCZDHGH FI 8059.- Mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm ieuhtcrdhgh riugdfh igHnjh tc im :: fi kugdc fi 8059 fdc mh sibugfh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi ish Zi pûjmdeh. Immh siøhmõ sditi prc-vdgedhs; Xudtc, E`dnjc rhzc, Dnjh ju rh, Buhyhqudm, Nhghjî, Euig eh y Mc kh y im hre`dpdämhbc fi Bh mè-phbcs. Fi emhrõ thn jdäg qui sus mîndtis si "od khrèg" pcr ugh miy, fi heuirfc ecg mcs Isthfcs mdnî trc-ois. Hm gc nigedcghr h Nhyghs c h Khäg, risumth ug tistdnc gdc fi qui ig 8059, ec nc ig 805<, mcs

FuZHgVI MHä\CEH FI MH

ECgoIFIZHEDÕg\IZÛ-JCMD_DHgH,

_DEIgVIZCEHouIZVI,

\ZIUDFIgVI FIMIEuHFCZ, BZHg

BCJIZgHgVI,BZHg \HVZDCVH,

UîNJCMC FIHNDUVHF ECg IM

\IZÛ quI HMBÛgFîH @H FI VIgIZ

\MIgDVuF,ZIE@HzÕ MH

\ZC\uIUVH FIHVHEHZ H IUVI

\HîU Ig HMDHgzHECg E@DMI (...)

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 8? :6



EH\ÎVYMC 82 ◃ D ID firrun ji fim Bc jdirgc”piruhgdsth„ ig Jcmdvdh◃ Uhgth Eruz; im cod-edhm isphøcm, im kioi bcjir ghgti y ehgfdfh-tc pi ruhgc y im prisdfig ti jc mdvdhgc ◃ Mhpri sdfig edh fi Uhgth Eruz ig Jcmdvdh◃ Mhsdgtrdbhs phrh edsdcghr im sur ig 80:4 y 805<.Mhs prdsdcgis fi Hri qudph ◃ Gc ni tir ughehrtue`i rh ”ig ug ehøcg fi ousdm„◃ DD Mhndsdõg Èmvhriz ◃ Im nctîg fim Euzec y mh

ig tri vdsth fim Fishbuhfi rc ◃ Mhs ecgoi-rigedhs Oirriyrcs-Cmhøi th ◃ Mh fioieedõgfi mhMdjir thf y imEcgbri sc. Mh fiemhrhedõgfi \d rhti rîh ◃ DDD Im Ecgbri sc pi ruhgcfi tdigi mh buirrh ecg Jcmdvdh◃ Vrhthfcs fi Vdqudgh, Hriqudph y E`uqudsheh ◃ D_ Mhehpturh fim@dfhmbc, im rcnpdndig tc ecgnh rdgcs y hbigtis fdpmcnè tdecs jrdtègdecsy im sieuistrc fi mhMdjir thf .

Q \ZDNIZ \IZÎCFC;MH ä\CEH ougFHEDCgHM FI MH ZI\ÛJMDEH ^

Q VCNC : ^



Q82EH\ÎVYMC

IM ZIMHVD_C H\HEDBuHNDgHEDCgHM (8069-80

IM NDMDVHZDUNC HuVCZDVHZDC FIHU\IEVCU IxVIZgCU

Mhs d eish tis hsie`h hsjcmdvdh hs y mcs ec mdetcs ispcrè



Q D ^M FIZZYNJI FIM BCJDIZGC "\I ZYHGDUVH" IG JCMD _DH.- Hphrti fi mhs the`hs quipufc ti gir ec nc "pi ruhgdsth", im bcjdirgc fim bigi rhm \ifrc Jmhgec ig Jc mdvdh si hprisurõ h erihr-si gui vhs risdstig edhs. Igvdõ h mh Hshnjmih Mibdsmhtdvh ugh scmdedtuf sc jri mcs `hji ris y im mu kc fimcs codedhmis, hmhrnèg fc mcs. \cspusc h vhrdcs kiois. Ygc fi immcs, im kcvig ec rcgim Kcsä Jhmmdvdèg, h mhehji zh fi ug euir pc fim ikäredtc, scrprig fdõ h Jmhgec ig mh nhøhgh fim 58 fi fdedin jri fi 80:0euhgfc, vis tdfc fi bh mh, si priphrhjh h ecgeurrdr h mh ndsh fi brhedhs fi mh Ehti frhm. Mh bigti qui`hjîh heufdfc h pri sig edhr mh eirinc gdh, `uyõ. Mchyzh oui hprishfc h mh igtrhfh fi \h mhedc. Jmhg-ec si ceumtõ y oui igecgtrhfc ig im ocgfc fi ugh mitrdgh, nhmtri e`c1 ixtrhîfc fi hmmî quifõ pri sc.Im ecrcgim Nhrdhgc Hrnh zh, kioi fim ncvdndig tc phrtdfhrdc fi Uhgth Eruz, heufdõ hm Ecgbri sc hfhr euig th fi mc hecgti edfc. Im prisdfig ti fim Ecgbri sc mi `dzc `hjmhr fisfi mh jhrrh. Ecg orhsishmtdscghgtis ehmdodeõ fi eche edcghfhs mhs ûmtdnhs imieedcgis y mmhnõ dgip tc h Jmhgec ("hpighs shjiodrnhr su gcn jri"). Virndgõ fdedigfc; "Ud ig im sigc fi mh ripri sig thedõg ghedcghm `hy puøhmis ypdstcmhs, yc euigtc ecg 2<< jhycgi ths phrh scsti gir y `heir ris pi thr im ehnjdc qui hehjh fivirdodehrsi y qui si rè mh bmcrdh fim phîs; puifi h`c rh mh Hshnjmih riscmvir mc qui busti".

Mh Hshnjmih in pi zõ h fi mdji rhr ig ni fdc fi brhg ecg ousdõg heireh fi mh pirscgh qui fi jîhhsundr im pcfir y heir eh fi sd si hmi khjh fi E`u qudsheh c gc. \cr odg, hpimõ h _imhsec. _imhsec siceumtõ1 oui `hmmhfc y heip tõ im sherdodedc qui si mi pifîh.

Jmhgec `h jîh sdfc trhsmhfhfc hm ecgvig tc fi mh Ziecmith. Im Ecgbri sc si dgti ri sõ pcr su vdfh,hugqui _i mhsec heufdõ pirscghmnig ti h fi edrmi qui irh ugh hetdtuf dn prufig ti. Hbmcni rhfhsig mcs hmri fi fc ris fi mh Ziecmith `hjîh turjhs fdspuis ths hm hshmtc, phrh mdjir thr hm prisc. H`crhBhnh rrh isthjh nuy mi kcs y gc pcfîh "dgtir pcgir si ig tri mh vîetdnh y mcs sherdodehfc ris". ³Xudägisouircg mcs sherdodehfc ris fi Jmhgec3 Mc edirtc is qui si eru zhrcg fdsphrcs ig tri mhs turjhs y mhtrcph qui ceu phjh mh Ziecmith y mcs ehrei mircs herdjdmmhrcg h Jmhgec fis gufc, ig su eimfh.

Mh Hshnjmih ecgvigedcghm, ig thgtc, sdbudõ hm vhdväg fi mcs e`cquis ig tri mcs qui si igorig-thjhg hm ndmdthrdsnc y mcs qui h äm si fcjmibhjhg. Hehjõ pcr fdvdfdrsi. Mh `dstcrdh fi Jcmdvdh mhecgcei ecg im gcnjri fi "Hshn jmih ecgvumsdcghm". _imhsec mh fiemhrõ fdsuimth y phrh vcmvir mhsecshs hm isthfc ig qui `h jîhg qui fhfc euhg fc si nhr e`õ Uueri, mmhnõ h Uhgth Eruz, im prisd-fig ti imibdfc pcr im Ecgbri sc fi 80:0 (58 fi igi rc fi 80:4). Mh pcmîtdeh piruhgõodmh qui mhHshnjmih ecgvig edcghm y mh \risdfig edh fi Jmhgec ig ehrghrhg, `hjîh nuir tc. Mh riji mdõg y oubhfim ecnhg fhg ti Ehstrc hm \irû, nhreh su ûmtdnc is tir tcr.

Oui im fistdgc fi Uhgth Eruz dnpi fdr ig 80:4 mh ugdõg igtri im \irû y Jcmdvdh, qui äm qudsc ygc pufc nhg ti gir ig 80:? y qui äm qudsc y gc pufc ri vdvdr ig 805?.

UHGVH EZY[; IM CODEDHM IU\HØCM, IM KIOI BCJIZ GHGVI T EHGFDFHVC \I ZYHGC TIM \ZIUDFIGVI JCMD _DHGC.- Oîsdehnig ti irh Uhgth Eruz ouirti y rcjus tc. Ucjri mh riehnh fhehsheh, bigi rhmnig ti cr ghfh fi ni fhmmhs y ecrcghfh pcr fcs brui shs e`hrriti rhs y pcr ug euimmcjcr fhfc, hmtc y furc, surbîh ecg edirth hrrcbhgedh ug rcstrc mhnpdøc, pcec nhr edhm figtrc fi mhnc fh fi mh jhrjh qui ig tcgeis si ushjh. Im ecmcr irh ecjrdzc, fi e`c mc, fithmmi qui gc fi khrcg fi

I

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 82 :0



sitdin80:9Qpirû

shg nhrtîg eriõmh prdnirhjhgfirh ig impuirtc fi pdsec,pcec fispuäs fimmibhr hm pirû. m`dzc codedhm im fi cetujri fi 80:8,nifdhgti ug

fieritc ig im quithnjdäg fdspcgîhqui ästh fijîh sirfi sifh c mdigzc ynifdr 0 pdis fimhrbc pcr ? fihge`c.

:9mhfc sus igi ndbcs hm ecnjh tdrmc pcr iserdtc. Mcs ckcs gibrcs y hmnig frhfcs, ti gîhg ugh vdvh ndrh-fh fi hvi qui sc mîh ceumthrsi y qui gug eh si ig tri bhjh hm dgtirmceutcr. Fi mhs ecndsurhs fi mcsmhjdcs jh khjhg fcs pi qui øcs surecs, fhgfc hm rcstrc ugh ixpri sdõg fi hstuedh y ixpi rdigedh. Hug-qui ei mcsc phrh fhr h su pcsdedõg mh rispi thjdmdfhf y im fiecrc nè xdnc, mmibhgfc hm ocrnu mdsnc y hmh sugtucsdfhf, irh pir scghmnig ti sc jrdc y iecgõndec. @csec y `urhøc, fi su pir scgh inh ghjh

edirth ordhmfhf. Buhrfhjh sus hoietucsdfhfis ph rh mcs suycs ―su ispcsh y sus `d kcs― y, ecgsedigti,pri ni fdthfhnig ti, is ecbîh phrh sus igindbcs im trhtc fi mh bigi rcsdfhf scr prig fig ti c fi mhdnpmhehjmi eruimfhf. Ig su nh, thm viz gc dgspdrhjh ohsedghedõg, pirc ni riei ris pi tc y hfndrhedõg.

Hgfräs Uhgth Eruz ghedõ im 9 fi fdedin jri fi 824:, ig Mh \hz. Uu nhfri irh mh ehedeh fi @uhrd-gh Kuhgh Jhsdmdh Ehmhunh gh, qui fi eîh fiseig fir fi mcs dgehs. Uu phfri, is phøcm fi ghedcghmdfhf,irh ug `d kc ixpõsdtc, sibûg hodrnh dgixhethnig ti im fcetcr Dturrde`h ig su @dstcrdh fi Jcmdvdh jh kc imbcjdirgc fi Uhgth Eruz , ug fis eig fdigti fi orcg fc sc èrjcm bigihmõbdec, sibûg fcg Õsehr UhgthEruz. Mmhnè jh si im phfri Kcsä Uhgth Eruz y _dmmhvdeig edc, ghturhm fi @uhnhg bh y irh sujfi mibhfcfim fdstrdtc fi Hpc mcjhn jh euhgfc is thmmõ ig Mh \hz, ig 808<, mh sujmivhedõg dgfi pig fig tdsth fiNurdmmc. Hgfräs Uhgth Eruz istufdõ ig im ecgvig tc fi mcs orhgedsehgcs fi Mh \hz y ig im Uindghrdcfi Uhg Hgtcgdc Hjhf ig im Euzec. Ig 80<4 si dgecrpcrõ h mhs odmhs rihmdsths ecg im brhfc fi hmoäriz.@dzc su ehrrirh prdni rc hm mhfc fi Bc yigi e`i sdrvdägfc mi fi hyufhg ti fi ehn pc1 fispuäs sdbudõecnc ki oi fi fdstdgtcs euirpcs. Ig 8082, furhgti mh ehnphøh rihmdzhfh ecg trh mhs trcphs hrbig tdghshm nhgfc fi Mh Nhfrdf ig im Hmtc \i rû, irh yh tigdigti ec rcgim y ehyõ prdsdcgi rc, h rhîz fim ecnjh-ti fi Vhrd kh, kugtc ecg ctrcs kiois y codedhmis. Ecgfu edfc h Jui gcs Hdris, oubcsi h Ncgti vdfic y siridgecrpcrõ h mhs odmhs rihmdsths fim \irû ig 80:<, fis puäs fi ug vdh ki phedigti y mhrbc. Guivhnig tiehyõ prdsdcgi rc fi mcs siphrhtdsths1 isth viz ig mh he edõg fi Eirrc fi \hs ec ecnc ki oi fi mh ehjh mmi-rîh. Igtcgeis nh gdoistõ su fi edsdõg fi sirvdr h mh ehush fi mh dgfi pig fig edh, ecnc ctrcs codedhmiserdcmmcs qui ig ish äpceh hfcpthjhg dbuhm hetdtuf.

Uhg Nhrtîg igecnig fõ h Uhgth Eruz mh kiohturh fi ug euir pc ig \durh, ecg fisphe`c fi ec rc-gim. Mh rivcmuedõg fi mh dgfi pig fig edh hjîh hvhgzhfc thn jdäg ig im _drridghtc fi Gui vh Brhghfh1y fis fi hmmî, Uueri pdfdõ im huxdmdc fim \irû riedäg inhgedphfc ecg trh mcs isphøcmis ig Xudtc. UhgNhrtîg ecgvdgc ig ig vdhr ugh fdvdsdõg h Xudtc, y qudsc fhr im nhgfc fi immh hm bigi rhm hrbig tdgcHrighmis1 pirc is ti, fi sic sc fi gc he tuhr jh kc mhs õrfi gis fi Uu eri, rigugedõ y Uhgth Eruz ouiig ehrbhfc fi fd e`h kiohturh, fispuäs fi `h jir mcbrhfc ecg su ecn pcrthndig tc mh istdnh edõg fim\rc tie tcr. Mh cgfh ri vcmuedcghrdh gicbrhgfdgh y mh cgfh ri vcmuedcghrdh rdcpmhtig si, fis tdghfhs hugdrsi ig im \i rû, tuvdircg su prdnir ecg thetc ig mh ixpi fdedõg h Xudtc. Ndigtrhs Uueri, ecg su ikär-edtc ri pri sig thjh h Ecmcnjdh y h Jcmîvhr, Uhgth Eruz mmivõ h isth ehnphøh, ecg sus 8.5<< h 8.9<<scmfhfcs, im hpcrti pi ruhgc. Mh vdetcrdh fi \de`dge`h ecgemuyõ mh ehnphøh. H ecgsieuig edh fi isthvdetcrdh oui hseig fdfc h bi gi rhm fi jrdbhfh. Im Ecgbri sc pi ruhgc mi fdc, ehsd sdnumtègihnig ti quih Zdvh-Hbýirc y Vcrri Vhbmi, ugh "nifhmmh hm närdtc" (:: fi ce tujri fi 80::).

Im :? fi oijri rc fi 80:5 ig ehji zõ Uhgth Eruz mh pitdedõg fi mcs kiois fim ikäredtc ecg im odg fiqui ei shrh mh Kugth Bujir ghtdvh, ig vdsth fi mcs fishstris ceurrdfcs ig mh buirrh, y phrh qui ouisiriin pmhzhfh pcr mh \risdfig edh fi fcg Kcsä fi mh Zdvh-Hbýirc.

Im vigfi fcr fi \d e`dge`h fi jîh vig eir thn jdäg h mcs rih mdsths ig im sur. Uhgth Eruz oui gcnjrh-

fc pcr Zdvh-Hbýirc kioi fi mh Uibugfh Ixpi fdedõg h Dgtir ni fdcs ecg euhtrc ndm y nès `cnjris.Hgtis fi in jhrehrsi si fis pdfdõ fim Ecgbri sc, prcni tdigfc vig eir c nc rdr (82 fi nhyc fi 80:5).Gd vigedõ gd nurdõ. Hugqui `h jîh sdfc ig vdhfc pcr Zdvh-Hbýirc, qudig ecgthjh ecg äm ig sus pmhgisecgtrh Jcmîvhr, riecgcedõ mh hutcrdfhf pri sdfig edhm qui im Ecgbri sc, `cs tdm h Zdvh-Hbýirc y ohvcrhjmih Jcmîvhr, igtri bõ h Vhbmi. Fispuäs fi su ri bri sc fi mh orhehshfh ix pi fdedõg, hugqui fd kc isthrfi sic sc fi ri tdrhrsi h mh vdfh prdvhfh, oui gcn jrh fc kioi fim Isthfc Nh ycr ig im ikäredtc qui Jc mîvhrpri phrõ phrh mh ehnphøh odghm. Istuvc ig tri mcs prcthbcgdsths fi mh jhthmmh fi Kugîg y rifhetõ im phr-ti fi immh. Muibc qui fõ fi pri oietc fi @uhnhg bh, tcnhg fc Bhnh rrh mh kiohturh fim Isthfc Nh ycrig su mubhr. Uu thrih ecgsdstdõ ig eudfhr mh rithbuhrfdh fim ikäredtc, hehrrihr nu gdedcgis fi jc eh y

ouI IM FIUVDFI UHgVH EZDN\IFDZ Ig80:4 MH ugDIgVZI IM \IZT JCMD_DHäM quDUC TgC \uFCNHgVIgIZ Ig80:? T quI äM

quDUC T gC\uFC ZI_D_DIg 805?.

:4EH\ÎVYMC 82 \IZÎCFC 8



bui rrh, crbhgdzhr guivcs euirpcs y ecgti gir hmbughs fdspir shs phrtdfhs rihmdsths. \cr isi nc tdvc gcecgeurrdõ h mh jhthmmh fi Hyheue`c. Gcn jrh fc brhg nh rdsehm, oui thnjdäg fi sdbghfc pri sdfig ti cpri oietc fim fi phrthnig tc fi Mh \mhth c E`uqudsheh. Ig kugdc fi 80:? mc mmhnõ Jc mîvhr phrh prisdfdrim Ecgsi kc fi Bcjdirgc fim \i rû, y su mhjcr hmmî y mc ceurrdfc fis puäs `h sdfc gh rrhfc yh.

Mcs nhgi kcs fi Mugh \dzhrrc y fi mcs finès mdji rhmis fim Ecgbri sc fi 80:2 prdni rc, ecnc nès

thrfi mh hnjdedõg fi Bhnh rrh, pcspusdircg h Uhgth Eruz ig im \irû, hrrdgecgègfc mc. Euhgfc si prc-fu kc mh sujmivhedõg qui fi pusc y hsisdgõ h Jmhgec, Uhgth Eruz isthjh ig Hri qudph. Mh Ouigti, pri-oietc fi isi fi phrthnig tc, qudsc fhrmi im nhgfc fi su fd vdsdõg y im vdeipri sdfig ti Uhmhzhr y Jhquî- khgc mc gcnjrõ kioi pcmîtdec y ndmdthr fi mcs fiphrthnig tcs fim sur, ehrbc qui äm heiptõ pi rc qui immmhnh ndig tc qui mi `dzc _imhsec fis fi Jc mdvdh vcmvdõ dnprcei fig ti. Hm dr h hm \risdfig edh fi ishZipûjmdeh gc cmvdfõ, sdg in jhrbc, mc vdgeumhfc qui is thjh su gcn jri h mh `dstcrdh ndmdthr y pcmîtdehpi ruhgh. Fi Jc mdvdh qudsc `heir mh Nhei fc gdh fi Hnä rdeh fim Uur, sibûg ugh fi mhs ehrths qui isindsnc høc is erdjdõ h hndbcs fi Hri qudph, y qui, fiseujdirths, ouircg pujmdehfhs ecnc euir pc fiug virfhfi rc fi mdtc. \i rc, ³pcr quä eriir qui thg sc mc ugh nîsi rh hnjdedõg jummîh ig sus pmhgis quirisumthrcg thg tigheis3 Hehsc, hm mhfc fi immh, hmitih jh im igsui øc qui, ig miyigfh fi ifh fis mi khghs,ripri sig th Nhgec Eèphe, im dgeh thunh turbc qui inir bdõ fi mhs hbuhs fim mhbc Vdtdeheh phrh trhirmh ugdfhf y mh edvdmdzhedõg h mhs trdjus fdspir shs ig mhs tdgdijmhs fi mh dbgcrhgedh y fi mh fdsecrfdh.

MH \ZIUDFIGEDH FI UHGVH EZY[ IG JCMD _DH.- Heths pcpumhris, ispcgtègihs c fdrdbdfhs,riocrzhrcg mh fiedsdõg fi _i mhsec ig ohvcr fi Uhgth Eruz. Ygh muedfh fi mibhedõg oui h jusehrmi. Uhg-th Eruz `dzc ig tcgeis ugh fi emhrhedõg fi hoietc hm \irû, fcgfi ti gîh sus "ni kcris hndbcs", fcgfisi sig tîh mdbhfc "pcr mh brhtdtuf y thn jdäg pcr mh shgbri", fcg fi sus is ouirzcs "prcti bdfcs pcr mhocrtugh `hg sdfc ecg shbrhfcs pcr im hoietc". \i rc thg `cg fcs irhg mcs nhmis fi Jcmdvdh y ecg thgecrfdhmis dgsthgedhs si mi mmhnh jh fi hmmè, qui hmmè djh, sd jdig quirîh h Jcmdvdh "sdinpri hndbh fim\i rû". Nhfu rh isthjh yh ig su nig ti sdbdmcsh mh hnjdedõg fi ugdr h hnjcs Is thfcs, pi rc jh kc mhäbdfh suyh, qui vigîh h sir yh, fisfi hquim nc nig tc, mh äbdfh jc mdvdhgh. Mh mcbdh nhsõgdeh, ougfh-fh ig tcgeis ig \u gc phrh hetuhr ig mcs fcs phîsis, ivdfig edh euhm irh im kuibc fi Uhgth Eruz.

"Euhtrc rihmis" `hjîh ig im tiscrc fi Mh \hz euhgfc Uhgth Eruz si `dzc ehrbc fim pcfir. Im phîsig ti rc is thjh ig hgè mcbh ohmigedh. Hfndgdstrhedõg fiseudfhfh c in phgthghfh, oheedcgis ig iju-mmdedõg, ikäredtc fi scrbhgdzhfc y ig scjir ji edfc, ecn pmithjhg im euhfrc.

Im ndsnc fîh ig qui ku rõ mh \risdfig edh prcvdsdcghm (:6 fi nhyc fi 80:4), prc numbõ UhgthEruz ugh miy fi hngdstîh y fircbõ mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:? c vdthmdedh. H pcec `dzc pig fir mh hni-ghzh fi mh pigh fi nuir ti sc jri mh ehji zh fi mcs ecgspdrhfc ris ecg mmhnh fh "Miy fim Ecghtc".Ioietuõ hmbugcs fis tdirrcs. Zicrbhgdzõ y fi purõ im ikäredtc. Ig mh Hshnjmih fi 8058 rigugedõ hmnhg fc qui prc vdsdcghmnig ti mi `hjîh sdfc ecg oirdfc ig 80:4, pi rc im pcfir mi oui igtri bhfcctrh viz, ecg im brhfc fi nh rdsehm y ehpdtèg bi gi rhm fim ikäredtc jc mdvdhgc (`hsth ig tcgeis irhbrhg nhrdsehm fim ikäredtc pi ruhgc y bigi rhm fim fi Ecmcnjdh, pirc gc odburhjh ig im isehmhoõgfim phîs euyh supri nh nh bdstrhturh ikireîh). Hquî gc phrõ mh cjsi qudcsdfhf fi mh Hshnjmih,nh gi khfh, ecnc gc pc fîh sir ni gcs, pcr Ehsdndrc Cmhøi th. Mi oui ecgei fdfc hfi nès im tîtumc

fi "brhg edufhfhgc ris thurhfcr fi mh phtrdh".Ig mc qui hthøi hm räbdnig dg ti rdcr fi mh Zipûjmdeh, puifi nig edcghrsi ig mh cjrh hfndgdstrhtd-vh fi Uhgth Eruz im isthjmiedndig tc fi is eui mhs mhgehsti rdhghs1 mh erihedõg fi mhs ugdvirsdfhfis fiMh \hz y Ece`hn jh jh, fim Ecmibdc fi Ni fdedgh fi Mh \hz, fim Ecmibdc Ghedcghm fi Edigedhs y fimEcmibdc Ndmdthr1 mcs pmhgis phrh qui kõvigis dgstrudfcs fi mcs fi phrthnig tcs ouirhg h Iurcph1 mh od kh-edõg fi mhs htrdju edcgis fi mcs prioietcs, bcjir ghfc ris, ecrribdfc ris y hmehmfis fi ehn pc1 im hrribmcfi mh `hedigfh, ig mh qui risumthrcg h`c rrcs ecgsdfi rhjmis1 mh trhfue edõg y hfhpthedõg fim EõfdbcEdvdm fi Ghpcmiõg y fim prcyietc fim Eõfdbc \i ghm fim fdputhfc is phøcm Ehmhtrhvh, y mh ocrnh edõgfim Eõfdbc fi Ig kudedhndig tcs y fi mcs eõfdbcs Nir ehgtdm y Ndgi rc, pcr ecndsdcgis is pi edhmis h

IM ECgBZIUC UIZIÛgI Ig MDNH H\IFDFC FIM BIgIZHMHgVCgDC BuVDäZZIz

FI MH ouIgVI. IgFDE@H ZIugDÕg, FI

MH ouIgVI ZIgugEDÕHM EHZBC FI

\ZIUDFIgVI quI

@HJîH HUuNDFCFIUFI IM BCM\I FIIUVHFC H MH NHZ. IM

ECgBZIUC, \CZ Uu\HZVI, gCNJZÕ H

BHNHZZH\ZIUDFIgVI

\ZC_DUCZDC.

58HBCUVC80:4

Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 82 5<



Uhg Nhrtîg eriõmh prdNirhjhgfirh ig im

puirtc fi pdUec,pcec fiUpuäU fi

mmibhr hm pirû. mh`dzc codedhm im :8 fi

cetujri fi 80:8,Nifdhgti ug

fieritc ig im quithNjdäg fdUpcgîhqui äUth fijîh Uirfi Uifh c mdigzc y

Nifdr 0 pdiU fimhrbc pcr ? fi

hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 82 5:

edirtc1 pi rc mc qui pc frîh fdseutdrsi is eõ nc si `u jdi rh pc fdfc `h eir ig Jc mdvdh ug bcjdir gciodedigti y is thjmi fi ctrh nh gi rh ig hqui mmh äpceh.

Vhnjdäg is dg gi bhjmi qui mh jrû kumh fi mh hnjdedõg fi Uhg th Eruz, si øhmõ sdinpri, `hs th 8068,im ehndgc fim \i rû1 sd jdig sus phscs gc sdin pri nhr e`h rcg fdrie thnig ti h edh hmmî y nue`hs vi eisphri edircg fhr rc fics, c is pi rhr, c dr ig ctrh fdrie edõg. ¡\urh trhphei rîh fi dg fdc vdi kc! Ig im hmnh fi

Uhgth Eruz, ecnc ig im phd sh ki fi su tdi rrh ghthm, `hjîh eun jris1 pi rc thn jdäg `h jîh hjds ncs.Ig ehn jdc, Uhgth Eruz ri e`h zõ mh ivigtuhmdfhf fi ugh ix phg sdõg jc mdvdhgh pcr im mhfc hr big-

tdgc. H odgis fi 8058, im oh nc sc ehu fdmmc hrbig tdgc Oheug fc Xudrcbh si pc si sdcgõ fim ti rrdtc rdc`hs th Uhmth y Ku kuy1 y oui h Mh \hz ugh ecndsdõg fi ishs prc vdgedhs h vdsdthr h Uhgth Eruz y h `h eir-mi prcpc sdedcgis, ph rh qui mhs ceuphrh. "Mîjri ni Fdcs fi pc gir ish pcs ti nh ig mhs ecs tdmmhs fiJc mdvdh", euigth C—Ecggcr qui ix emhnõ Uhg th Eruz.

Zis pi thfh y ris pi thjmi Jc mdvdh ig ni fdc fi mhs dgquditufis ig qui si fi jh tîhg sus vi edgcs,pu fc eriir si ig tcg eis qui is ehphrîh h mh ohthmdfhf fim ecg tdgig ti. Ecn phrhjmis scg mhs dmusdcgisqui ig tcg eis si `d edircg, hm oigõni gc fim is pi kdsnc qui h vi eis tdig th hm vdh kirc ig mh ni si thjc mdvdhgh. "Eruzhfhs mhs phnphs hm gheir im scm (fdei im is erdtcr e`dmigc Ehr mcs Rhmair Nhr tîgiz, igsu mdjrc fi dn pri sdcgis sc jri Jc mdvdh yh edthfc), euhg fc mcs rhycs `c rdzcg thmis si pris thg nès hmcs kuibcs eh prde`c scs fi mh õp tdeh, is fi mc nès dg ti ri shgti qui is fh fc dnh bdghr. ¡Euègthsvi eis hm pdi fi mhs ncg th øhs mi khghs eriî fis eujrdr mhs tcrris fi mhs dbmisdhs fi Cru rc…! Gc eriîhig mhs cgfhs hzu mis qui fdvdshjh, pi rc eriîh ig mh tc rris qui si trhgs ph rig thjhg ig im ocg fc fimh mmhgurh, y ni ph ri eîh is thr h mhs puirths fi pui jmc, euhgfc im fi sig bhøc sû jdtc ni ecg vig eîhfi nd irrcr, nir eif h ugh rè ohbh fi vdig tc qui fd sdphjh mh gijmdgh c h ug rh yc fi scm qui fh jhfi mmigc sc jri mcs nig tdfcs ‐ehn phghrdcs‐".

MHU DGVZDBHU \H ZH EDUDCGHZ IM UYZ IG 80:4 T 805<. MHU \ZD UDC GIU FI HZI XYD\H.- Ud Bhnh rrh hetuõ ecg trh Mh Nhr ig \durh y Mh Ouigti ig Mdnh, Uhgth Eruz, ig eun pmdndig tc fi suphetc ecg hn jcs ehu fdmmcs piruhgcs, nc vdõ im sur. Im 8: fi kugdc fi 80:4, mh Nu gdedphmdfhf fimEuzec fi pusc hm prioietc, gcn jrõ ig su mu bhr hm ecrcgim Kcsä H. Ju khgfh, i dn pmcrõ fi Uhg th Eruz,h qudig Ju khgfh mmhnõ ig sus ec nu gdehedcgis codedhmis, "brhg nhrdsehm fim \irû", mh "prctie edõg cori-edfh". Fcs ec ndsdcghfcs vdh khrcg ecg is ti nc tdvc h E`u qudsheh. Im prioietc fi \ug tc, Zuodgc Nh ei-fc, irh gc tc rdhnig ti ug hfip tc fim nds nc nc vdndig tc.

Ig hbcs tc fim nds nc høc, ecg scmdfh fc yh im pc fir fi Bh nh rrh y Mh Ouigti ig im gcr ti y imdnd-ghfc fi odgdtdvhnigti Mh Nhr, si buîh Uhgth Eruz dgtrdbhgfc ig im sur fim \i rû, fis fi im ph mhedc pri sd-fig edhm jcmdvdhgc. Ygc fi mcs ocecs prdgedphmis fi th mis dgtrdbhs is tuvc ig Hri qudph fcg fi si ocr nõmh mcbdh pcmîtdeh "Dgfi pig fig edh \i ruhgh" ecg rhndodehedcgis ig \u gc y Euz ec. Mhs hetdvdfh fis igHriqudph tu vdircg mh ecnpmdedfhf fim pri oietc ec rcgim Orhgedsec Zi yis, fim bi gi rhm Nhguim Nhrtîgizfi Hph rdedc, fim ecrcgim Bribc rdc Isecji fc y `hs th fi hmbugcs sh eir fc tis, ec nc im fièg Eõr fc vh.

Yg brupc fi nd mdthris pi ruhgcs cj sir võ ecg ri ei mc y hmhrnh h mcs ecgthetcs ig tri is tcs pir scgh- kis y mcs fi \u gc y Euz ec y mh mhjcr fi si fue edõg qui `h eîhg phrh bhghr hfip tcs h su pmhgis. Im 0 fihbcs tc ei mijrh rcg ugh si sdõg iscs ki ois qui si sig tîhg hgbus tdhfcs pcr im outurc dgni fdhtc fi mh

dgti brdfhf, mh mdjir thf y mh dgfi pig fig edh fim \irû; irhg mcs ecrcgi mis fim ikäredtc Nh guim Hnht y MiõgNhtic Is trhfh, mcs tigdigtis ec rcgi mis Zhnõg Ehs tdmmh, Ghredsdc Jcgdohz y Kuhg Eèrfi ghs y mcs shrbig-tcs nh ycris Kcsä \hmnh y Nh guim _hmfdvdh. Hecrfh rcg fi pc gir hm prioietc y hpri shr h mcs qui ecg ämis thjhg ig vîs pi rh fi si bri bhr Hriqudph, phrh ri ndtdrmcs h fdspc sdedõg fim Bcjdir gc fi mdnh. Uig thrcgug heth sc jri mcs nc tdvcs qui mcs dnpi mîhg h thg igärbdeh ri scmuedõg y ig immh hodrnh rcg qui "gc h ei-ncs ctrh ec sh qui mc ndsnc qui gcs nhg fhg guis trhs miyis qui gc cji fiz ehncs h mcs kiois fis fiim nc nig tc qui si ec gcz eh ecg ivd fig edh qui cjrhg ecg trh mcs dgti ri sis fim Is thfc, sdgc qui hg tisjdig gcs tcr gi ncs ecg trh immcs". Hm heir thm hsivi rhedõg si ri ncg thjhg hm tigcr fim kurhnig tc pris-erdtc ph rh mcs ndmdthris pcr im Ecg bri sc fi 80:5 ig im qui si fi eîh qui gc hju shrhg fi mh ouirzh phrh

Im nhrdsehmvIgIzcmhgchgtcgdc Kcsä fI

suerI Is hsIsdghfch mcs 59 høcs Ig mh

ncgthøh fIJIrruIecs,

ecmcnJdh. OuIInJcsehfc pcr

euhtrc suKItcs;hpcmdghr ncrdmmc(vIgIzcmhgc),

hgfräs rcfrîbuIzy Kuhg eruz

(pIruhgcs), y KuhgbrIbcrdc

rcfrîbuIz(ecmcnJdhgc),

tcfcsecgtrhthfcs pcr

Im bIgIrhmecmcnJdhgc Kcsä

nhrîh cJhgfc, ugcfI sus IgIndbcs

pcmîtdecs.

6 Kugdc805<

ecmcnjdh ^









hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

suj virtdr mcs firie`cs hodhgzhfcs pcr mh Ecgstdtuedõg y qui gc cji fi edirhg hm kioi qui fdirh õrfi gisecgtrh immcs c nès jdig "cs tcrghrids ecgtrh äm ecnc edufhfhgcs hrnh fcs ig buhr fh fi mh miy".

Mhs prdsdcgis fim bigi rhm Hphrdedc, fim ecrcgim Isecji fc, fim prioietc Ziyis y mh fi ctrcs ehji-edmmhs fi mh ecg kurh shgtheruedgh ecnc im tigdigti ec rcgim Bribcrdc Budmmäg, im ecnhg fhgti Oirghg-fc Zdvirc, qui nhg fhjh h mcs eîvdecs c phdshgcs hrnh fcs fi Hri qudph, \i frc Jh rrdbh y im "rcnh gc"

_hmfiz fi _i mhsec, si ioie tuhrcg sdg dgedfig tis. Ucmc im fièg Eõrfc vh pufc is ehphr. "Im puijmcis thjh ig tri bhfc h su thrihs y im crfig pû jmdec gc oui hmti rhfc ig mc ni gcr", fd kircg mcs hprishfc-ris ig im nhgdodistc qui pu jmdehrcg. Mcs fiti gdfcs ouircg mmivhfcs h Dsmhy y injhrehfcs ph rh Mdnhjh kc vdbdmhgedh. Dnpcrthgti oui im jctîg qui pufc sir ri ecbdfc ecg mhs ehrths fi mcs ecgspdrhfc ris1hmbughs isthjhg ig th qudbrhoîh y phrh fis edorhrmhs oui ecndsdcghfc Nh guim Vcrdjdc Yrith, hmungcfim Ecmibdc fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh. Ui dgdedõ ug sunh rdc h ehrbc fi Ehs tdmmh.

Mh sdtuhedõg ig Hriqudph prisig tõ, furhgti hmbûg tdin pc, sirdhs fdodeumthfis. Im prioietc fi \u gcZuodgc Nhei fc pu jmdeõ ugh prcemhnh fcg fi eh mdodeõ h mcs hutcris fim bcmpi fim 4 fi hbcs tc ecncvdmis y niriei fc ris fi mh ixierhedõg pûjmdeh. Mh cpdgdõg pûjmdeh ig mh edufhf fcg fi nhg fhjhg gcmis irh ohvcrhjmi pcrqui mh oh ndmdh fi mcs priscs, sus hndbcs y mcs fi Uhg th Eruz mcs fisherifdthjhgecgsthgti nig ti. \cr im ecrric fi Mdnh supdircg qui Zi yis y sus eõnpmdeis `h jîhg sdfc ri edjdfcsecg fi oirigedh y qui hehsc vcmvirîhg h ceuphr sus ehrbcs fi gui vc c h sir prindhfcs. Im Ndgdsti rdcfi Bui rrh eigsurõ mc hecgti edfc ecg sdfi rhgfc qui h jîh sdfc ug htrcpi mmc h mh ncrhm y h mh fdsedpmd-gh riecnig fhfhs pcr mhs crfi ghgzhs ndmdthris. Im igvîc h Mdnh fi mcs phpi mis fim sunh rdc y fi mcsfc eunig tcs qui prc jh jhg mhs dgtrdbhs fi mcs phrtdfhrdcs fi Uhgth Eruz, ehnjdõ mhs ecshs. Bhnh rrhyh `hjîh mmibhfc ig tcgeis h mh ehpdthm y im Ecgbri sc fi fdeõ ugh sisdõg sieri th phrh ecgceirmcs.

Mhs ehrths dgtir eip thfhs ri vimhrcg mh ixdstig edh fi ug pimdbrc dgndgig ti phrh mh ugdfhf gh edcghm.Uhgth Eruz hzuzhjh h sus hndbcs fi Hri qudph phrh qui trhjh khrhg, ecnc ctrcs mc `heîhg ig im Euzecy \ugc, y hodrnõ qui is thjh fdspuis tc h phshr im Fishbuhfi rc euhgfc mi fdirhg mh siøhm. Mh jhsi fisus pmhgis irh ti gir h Jc mdvdh crfi ghfh y ecg ug ikäredtc hfdetc1 Jcmdvdh fijîh sir mh Nhei fc gdh fiHnärdeh. T hugqui gc fis ehrthjh mh ousdõg fim \irû y Jcmdvdh, mi `hmhbhjh mh hnpmdhedõg fi mcs mîndtisfim Isthfc pcr äm ribdfc `hs th `heirmcs mmibhr hm Hpurînhe c hm \hnphs, dgemdgègfc si ig isi nc nig-tc `h edh isth oõrnu mh, c sih h mh dgecrpcrhedõg fi mcs tris fiphrthnig tcs fim sur fim \irû h Jcmdvdh.

Im Bcjdirgc, pcr im Ndgdsti rdc fi Buirrh, fdc mhs brhedhs h mcs kiois fi Hriqudph pcr "`hjir shmvh-fc h mh \htrdh" im 4 fi hbcstc. Jdig prcgtc Bhnh rrh si igehrbõ fi heig tuhr im riei mc y mh igindsthforigti h Uhgth Eruz. \cr mc finès, is ti ocrthmiedndig tc fi mh ugdfhf pi ruhgh qui hpcrthrcg Ehstdmmhy sus hndbcs ig Hriqudph y muibc Bhnh rrh fis fi mh \risdfig edh, ecdgedfdõ ig im sur, ecg bistcsmcehmis, ecnc iec fim fi Hri qudph. Ygc fi immcs oui mh fipcsdedõg fim prioietc Zuodgc Nhei fc, ig\u gc, im 84 fi hbcstc.

GC NIVIZ YGH EHZVYE@IZH "IG YG EHØÕG FI OYUDM".- Ygh ehrth fi Bhnh rrh fdrdbdfh hNheifc, oie`hfh ig Md nh im :2 fi hbcstc, is ugh "fi emhrhedõg fi prdgedpdcs" origti h Uhgth Eruz y hJcmdvdh. "H mh virfhf (fi eîh hmmî) ³qudäg is ehphz fi dnhbdghr gd eriir qui ug piruhgc sih ehphz fi pig-shr ig fis nin jrhr im tirrdtcrdc piruhgc…3 Im bigi rhm Uhgth Eruz shji jdig qui gh fdi nès qui yc si

dgti rish ig mh ousdõg ecg Jcmdvdh… Zhedcghmnig ti si ig tig fi règ Jcmdvdh y im \irû y ocrnh rincs fimtcfc mh ghedõg piruhgh, gc mh jcmdvdhgh. Mcs jcmdvdhgcs si pri sig thg ecg mh isehrhpi mh jmhgeh y igehr-ghfh y mcs piruhgcs khnès pc frîhg prisig thrsi sdg dgohndh ecg ugh isehrhpi mh fhfh h mcs hmtcpi ruhgcspcr ugh fc ndghedõg ixtrhg kirh. Im \irû gugeh h sdfc fi Jc mdvdh. Jcmdvdh sdinpri h sdfc fim \i rû. Im \irûgc gi ei sdth fi gh fdi phrh ixdstdr y Jcmdvdh, gc, khnès pc frè shmdr fi mh emhsi fi pu pdmh fim \irû1 su dgfi-pig fig edh y mdjir thf scg fh fhs pcr is th ghedõg bigi rcsh y pcr im isouirzc fi su `d kcs rispdrhg iscsndsirhjmis puijmcs jh kc mh scnjrh fi ug ki oi fi Jc mdvdh… Udg im \irû, Jcmdvdh isthrîh rispi thgfc y hughfc rhgfc h mcs gibrcs fi Ec mcnjdh, qui trhsmhfhrcg fis fi im Crdgcec sus bhmpcgis budgics phrhnh gi khrmcs ecnc h ugcs fi brhfhfcs ec mcgcs. Istcs scg mcs jdigis qui im \i rû `h mmivhfc h Jc mdvdh, y

MH ZI\ÛJMDEHCZDIgVHM FIMuZuBuHT KuZH Uu

\ZDNIZHECgUVDVuEDÕg.

IMHJCZHFH \CZ MHHUHNJMIH

ECgUVDVuTIgVIMIBDUMHVD_H T

JHUHFC Ig MHUECgUVDVuEDCgIUoZHgEIUH T

IUVHFCugDFIgUI, IMFCEuNIgVC

IUVZuEVuZÕ HM \HîUECNC ug IUVHFC

ugDVHZDC, FIBCJDIZgC

ZI\uJMDEHgC TZI\ZIUIgVHVD_C.

80 KuMDC805<

YrYbYhy ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 82 56



sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9 FDED805<Q jcm

Ig MH EDuFHF FFIUHBuHFIZC(JCMD_DH) UI DMHU IgVZI_DUVIgVZI IM\ZIUDFIgVI\IZuHgC HBuUVîBHNHZZH T Uu@CNÕMCBC

JCMD_DHgC HgFFI UHgVH EZuz. IMMHU, IM JCM\DFDÕ IM \uIZVCHZDEH \HZH Uu\HîU, \IZCBHNHZZH UIMC gIBÕ.

89sirîh ugh fibrhfhedõg y ugh dgohndh qui im ûmtdnc pis ehfcr fim Fi shbuhfi rc jus ehsi dgecrpcrhedõgig hqui mmh ndsirhjmi phtrdh. Uirîh mc ndsnc qui qui rir qui mh Orhgedh si riougfdirh ig euhmqudirh fimcs Isthfcs dthmdhgcs, sirîh quirir ni tir ugh ehrtueì rh ig ug ehøõg fi ousdm…".

Uhgth Eruz si coriedõ ecnc ni fdhfcr ig mcs ecgomdetcs surbdfcs ig im sur, h mh viz qui riemh-nõ ecg trh mh prdsdõg fi sus hndbcs ì e`h ig Hri qudph.

H pishr fi tc fcs mcs riphrcs qui pui fhg h eärsi mi, Bhnh rrh shmvõ ig is th äpceh phrh im \irûHriqudph, Euzec y \ugc.

Q DD ^MH NDUDÕG ÈM _HZI[.- Ig cetujri fi 80:4 ri edjdõ fcg Nhrdhgc Èmvhriz mh erifig edhm y mhs dgs-trueedcgis ec nc nd gdstrc pmigdpctig edhrdc y igvdhfc ix trhcrfdghrdc hgti im Bcjdirgc fi Jc mdvdh.Ecg nc tdvc fi mhs hetdtufis fi Uhg th Eruz ecnc ni fdhfcr ig mhs fdsturjdcs fi \u gc, ecnc ri emh-nhg ti pcr mhs prdsdcgis fi Hri qudph y ecnc ph trcedghfcr fi ri vuimths, fi jîh scmdedthr bhrhgtîhsrhedcghmis y kusths fi qui gc dgtir vigfrîh fdrie th gd dgfdrie thnig ti ig im räbdnig dg ti rdcr fim\i rû. Dgni fdhthnig ti fis puäs, ecnc im Bcjdirgc is thjh fi edfdfc h "cmvdfhr im ecnpcrthndig tchgtdscedhm fim \risdfig ti fi Jc mdvdh". Èmvhriz pcfrîh odrnhr ug trhtc fi hnds thf y hmdhgzh fi oigsdvhig tri mcs fcs Isthfcs ph rh ecgsirvhr su dgfi pig fig edh y mdjir thf y bhrhgtdzhrsi ri eîprcehnig timh dgti brdfhf ti rrdtcrdhm, ecnprcni tdägfc si h fi oigfir mh ecgtrh euhmqudir pcfir ix trhøc. Vhnjdägpcfrîh odrnhr ug trhthfc fi ec nir edc.

Èmvhriz mmibõ h Jcmdvdh scmc ig oijri rc fi 805< y oui riedjdfc pcr Uhgth Eruz im fcndgbc fiehrghvhm. Igtrõ muibc ig ugh igc kcsh pcmändeh ig mh qui h sus heushedcgis, ri pmdeõ mh Ehgedmmirîhjc mdvdhgh ecg rioirig edhs h mh nhre`h fim ikäredtc pi ruhgc h Jcmdvdh ig 80:0. "Hug euhgfc mh dgtir-vigedõg ig 80:0 (ixpri sõ immh igtcgeis) gc u jdi si sdfc thg sc mc iserdth sdgc thn jdäg ecg trcphs,gc `h jrîh phshfc fi sir vd sdth phbhfh". Hbribõ, pcr mc finès, qui mc ceurrdfc ig im sur ig 80:4rispcgfîh h mcs ecnprcndscs qui Bhnh rrh, Uhgth Eruz y Mh Ouigti `h jîhg ecg trhîfc.

H mh viz, mdjrõ Hmvhriz jh thmmhs ipdstcmhris scjri ctrcs orig tis ec nc irhg im riemhnc fim fdgi rcfi jdfc hm \irû pcr mcs bhstcs cehsdcghfcs ig mh dgfi pig fig edh fi mh Zipûjmdeh fim Hmtdpmhgc y thn-jdäg pcr mh heunu mhedõg qui im Mdjir thfcr `dzc fim ndmmõg fi piscs ig ohvcr fim ikäredtc vig ei fcr igKugîg y Hyheue`c pcr hn jcs phîsis fi erithfc sd jdig ecg ocgfcs pi ruhgcs ouircg hjc ghfcs nhsfi ug nd mmõg y nifdc1 mh ristdtuedõg fi dgfdvdfucs fi trc phs piruhghs qui pir nh gi edircg ig oirncsig Mh \hz ig 80:0 y ouircg dgecrpcrhfcs hm ikäredtc jc mdvdhgc1 mcs htrcpi mmcs h ug hrrdirc pi ruhgc quitrhîh hbuhrfdigti fi Nc qui buh y mh hecbdfh h ugcs fi sirtcris fi \u gc. Ig euhgtc hm trhthfc fihmdhgzh im Bcjdirgc jc mdvdhgc hfu kc dgdedhmnig ti qui, sdg mh ripri sig thedõg ghedcghm, gc mi irh pcsdjmifdseutdrmc1 y scjri im fi ec nir edc hodrnõ qui, gc ti gdigfc hm rispie tc pri tig sdõg hmbugh, yh qui sutrèodec irh ig ti rhnig ti phsdvc, ghfh ig hj scmutc pcfîh prcpcgir gd scmdedthr pcr su phrti. Euhgfc ighjrdm fi 805<, Uhgth Eruz fiedfdõ fi khr Mh \hz y vdsdthr mcs fiphrthnig tcs fi su phîs pcr im isehjrc scehndgc mmhnh fc fi mcs yugbhs y ecg fdrieedõg h Ece`hjhn jh y Eùqudsheh, dgvdtõ h Èmvhriz phrh quimc hecnphøhsi1 irrhgti `c gcr qui is ti gc heip tõ. Hgtis fi phr tdr, Uhgth Eruz fi kõ crfig ph rh quivdbdmhsig h tcfc im qui heufdirh ecg orieuig edh h mh mibhedõg piruhgh. Gc `hjîh fi khfc fi dg fdehrmi

emhrhnig ti h Èmvhriz qui fis ecgodhjh fim \i rû eriyigfc qui si pri phrhjhg trc phs phrh ugh dgvhsdõgsûjdth y si rindtîhg hbigtis ecg nu e`c fdgi rc phrh ocnig thr trhstcrgcs.Ig nès fi ugh ceh sdõg (y istc mc trhsndtdõ Èmvhriz h su Ehgedmmirîh fispuäs fim ribri sc fi

Uhgth Eruz), `hjmõ im prisdfig ti jc mdvdhgc, sdg injhrbc, heireh fi mh giei sdfhf fi mh ugdõg fiJc mdvdh y im \i rû "pcrqui Jc mdvdh gc pcfîh scsti gir si sdg im \i rû, gd isti sdg Jcmdvdh1 y qui h Jcmdvdhmi ecgvigîh ig tcfc ehsc mh buirrh phrh qui gc pufdigfc ecg trhrristhr y tigdigfc qui su eun jdrgi ei shrdhnig ti h mhs ouirzhs fim \irû si mcbrhsi fi is ti nc fc hqui mmh". Èmvhriz si nh gdoisthjhtcthmnig ti cpuis tc h mh mmhnh fh ri ousdõg fi hn jcs phî sis "fis puäs fi `h jir vdstc y ixhndghfcfi gui vc is tcs mubhris". Uirîh (hodrnh jh) ix pcgir hm \irû hm origi sî fi mh oifi rhedõg y sus istrhbcs

5EH\ÎVYMC 82 \IZÎCFC 8









hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

fi qui is thjhg hfc miedigfc ctrhs Zi pûjmdehs fi Hnä rdeh. Gc irh oèedm (fieîh) qui si fdrdbdirh jdigug Isthfc fi nu e`h ix tig sdõg. "Ouirh fi is tc (hbribhjh) mc qui prcfu ei Jc mdvdh isehshnig tipui fi hmehgzhr phrh sus bhstcs ghturhmis y thm viz gc jhsthrîh tigdigfc qui nhg ti gir eri edfhsbuhrgdedcgis qui ecg tuvdisig pui jmcs rivcmtcscs pcr dgemdghedõg"… "Ig odg (tirndghjh) h fi edrvirfhf gc sä sd im pigshndig tc fi is ti \ri sdfig ti sih pcr qui ig rih mdfhf mc nui vi im jdig fi mcs

pui jmcs c pcr im ndsnc prdgedpdc pcrqui im bigi rhm Mh Nhr trhthjh fi ri ecgqudsthr Buhyhqudm yqui ouisi fim \i rû. Im nhgfc fi is ti hm qui hmbugh viz mc `h prcjh fc, mi fi kh nue`h hodedõg".Mh pärfdfh fi mh ecrrispcgfig edh codedhm fi mh mibhedõg qui sibûg Èmvhriz `h jîh sdfc dgtir eip-

thfh, ecgtrdju yõ h `heir nès fi shbrhfhjmis sus rimhedcgis ecg mh Ehgedmmirîh qui fdrdbîh fcg N. I.Ehmvc. Is ti mmibõ hm odg h fiedr qui gc quirîh pirfir nès tdin pc "ig cîr prcpcsdedcgis qui `hgphshfc h sir hmtir ehfcs"1 y hodrnõ qui `h jîh mmibhfc im ehsc fi sus pig fir tc fh ecnu gdehedõg ecgim fdpmcnè tdec pi ruhgc, c sih "im phrtdfc ni gcs nh mc qui mi quifh". Hm fispi fdr h Èmvhriz, ecgoie`h :? fi si tdin jri fi 805<, si is ni rõ ig ri pi tdr, sdg injhrbc, qui im Bcjdirgc fi Jc mdvdh "hnhhm \irû, hpriedh h su Bcjdirgc y hgsîh pcfir heri fdthrmc ecg fincs trhedcgis prèetdehs y pcsdtdvhs".

IM NCVÎG FIM EY[EC T MH IGVZI _DUVH FIM FIUHBYHFI ZC.- Jui gh pruijh fi hqui mmhsfi ncs trhedcgis oui im nctîg qui im :? fi hbcstc fi 805< is thmmõ ig im Euzec pcr cjrh fi hbig tisshgtheruedgcs hm nhgfc fim ecrcgim Bribcrdc Isecji fc, ndmdthr piruhgc qui `h jîh sdfc hetcr prdged-phm ig mh prcemhnh edõg fi mh dgfi pig fig edh fi Buhyhqudm, `cnjri "qui nès pcr dg ecgsdfi rhedõgqui pcr nh mdbgdfhf in prig fîh tcfc mc qui pufdirh prcfu edr nifdcs fi vdvdr hmibri", sibûg Vèvhrh. Imnc tîg fim Euzec oui scocehfc h mhs vidgtdeuhtrc c rhs pcr heedõg ecdgedfig ti fi mhs trcphs y fim pui-jmc. @ujc ugh vir fhfi rh prisdõg fi cpdgdõg pûjmdeh phrh h`cbhrmc. Bhnh rrh `hjîh shmdfc pri edpdth-fhnig ti fi Mdnh sdg nès iqudph ki qui ni fdh ehnh y su ehpcti y ecg ugh isecmth fi eh jh mmirîh,ecgodhfc ig mhs ouirzhs qui is thjhg ig Khu kh y ig Hyheue`c y ig im dgomu kc fi su gcn jri, sc jri tc fchgti sus phdshgcs. H pishr fi mh juigh gctdedh, prcsdbudõ su vdh ki hm Euzec i dzc priphrhtdvcs fi bui-rrh hgi mhgfc "ehstdbhr" hm Bcjdirgc fi Jc mdvdh.

Uhgth Eruz tcnõ pri ehuedcgis jh kc im tincr fi qui si ri pdtdirh mh vdsdth fi 80:0 qui, igecrrispcgfig edh prdvhfh, Bhnh rrh mi fd kc oui "`d kh fi tus fi sics y hug fi tus dgfdehedcgis" (Euz-ec, :? fi ce tujri fi 805<). Uhjdägfc si ig dgoirdcris ecgfdedcgis, dgvdtõ h Bhnh rrh h ugh igtri-vdsth ig im Fishbuhfi rc. Mh hphrdigedh nhredhm fim \irû irh dnpcgig ti.

"Hscnjrh fc `h qui fhfc im ndgdstrc fi Jc mdvdh (iserdjîh Bhnh rrh h Mh Ouigti) fi vir thg thbig ti y thgth ndmdedh eîvdeh ugdocrnh fh h su ecsth fi nc fc thg dbuhm qui gc si fdstdgbui fi mhtrcph viti rhgh nès qui ig mh ohmth fi hrnh nig tc".

Mh igtri vdsth fim Fishbuhfi rc oui ispie theumhr (89 fi fdedin jri fi 805<). Hn jcs hnd bcs yrdvhmis si hjrhzhrcg ig ni fdc puig ti "hsiburègfc si (fd kcIm Drds fi Mh \hz ) fi phr ti h phrti ighmceuedcgis jri vis y imceuig tis mh hgsdifhf ecg qui jus ehjhg phrh hquim ehsc, mc shtdsohetcrdcqui mis irh istri e`hrsi fcs hnd bcs, hgtdbucs ecn phøi rcs fi hr nhs y fdrietcris fi fcs gh edcgismdbhfhs pcr ndm vîgeumcs". Uibûg phriei, im puigti is thjh ocrnh fc ig tcgeis pcr jhr ehs c pcg-tcgis pi ruhgcs y jc mdvdhgcs.

Isi fîh ec ndi rcg kugtcs hn jcs ehu fdmmcs y prcgugedhrcg jrdgfds imceuig tis. Hm fîh sdbudigtivcmvdircg h riugdrsi ig pri sig edh fi mhs fcs fimibhedcgis. Im ndgdstrc pi ruhgc Nhguim Oirriyrcspmhgtiõ mh hmdhgzh, ig mh euhm Uhgth Eruz prcpusc mh dgemusdõg fi Ecmcnjdh phrh prcni tir quiig trhrîh ig hquimmh sdinpri qui si mi fdisi im puirtc fi Hrdeh. Bhnh rrh si gibõ. Hm tireir fîhUhgth Eruz sdnu mõ isthr igoirnc1 pi rc tuvc ugh guivh igtri vdsth h scmhs ecg Bhnh rrh. "Im `cn-jri (is erdjdõ isti h Mh Ouig ti) quifõ ec nc htur fdfc hm cîr fi nd jceh virfhfis nuy ti rrdjmis yqui gug eh mhs ispi rhjh. Gcs hjrhzhncs y ni ri tdrä".

Ig hqui mmcs ncnig tcs Uhgth Eruz trhthjh fi bh ghr tdinpc phrh pcgir si muibc ig hp tdtuf ficjrhr, yh sih pcr sî c ecg mh eccpi rhedõg fim Ieuhfcr c fi Ec mcnjdh1 c figtrc fi ugh cpcr tugdfhf

IM NCVîg FIMEuzEC ouI

UCoCEHFC H MHU_IDgVDEuHVZC

@CZHU \CZHEEDÕg

ECDgEDFIgVI FIMHU VZC\HU T FIM

\uIJMC. @uJCugH _IZFHFIZH

\ZIUDÕg FI MHC\DgDÕg \ÛJMDEH\HZH H@CBHZMC.

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 82 5?



IM \YIZVC FI ECJDKH. Vrhs kurhnigthr mh prisdfigedh fi Jcmdvdh, Hgfr s fi Uhgth Eruz riecrrdõ su phîs phrhigtirhrsi fi mhs prdgedphmis gieisdfhfis fi sus ecnphtrdcths. Ig isti pirdpmc oui fisfi Hrbigtdgh, ig im ixtrinccrdigthm fim tirrdtcrdc, `hsth im puirtc fi Ecjdkh. _digfc im pctigedhm fi isth edufhf, mh fiemhrõ pcec fispu s puirtcorhgec, fhgfc dgdedc h ug dnpcrthgti hubi pcmîtdec y iecgõndec. Ig 8058, Ecjdkh oui eigtrc fi mhs isehrhnuzhsj mdehs igtri \irû y Jcmdvdh, i dgemusc fijdõ scpcrthr im jmcquic fi jhrecs piruhgcs. Isth dmustrhedõg fi Ecjdkh(805?-8052) pirtigiei h mcs fdjukhgtis fi mh ecrjith orhgeish Mh Jcgdti .




Im 0 fi gcvdinjri fi8058, mcs

pmigdpctigedhrdcs\ifrc Hgtcgdc fi mh

Vcrri y Ndbuim Nhrîh Hbudrri odrnhrcg im

trhthfc fiodgdtdvc fi phz igtri im \irû y

Jcmdvdh. Ig m siistdpumhjh im

riecgcedndigtc fi mcsmîndtis orcgtirdzcs qui

ecnphrtîhg hnjcs phîsis, mh gc

dgtirvigedõg ig ehscsfi buirrh, mh

prc`djdedõg fi mhshetdvdfhfis sifdedcshs,

igtri ctrhs nifdfhs.

IM VZHVHFCFI HZIXYD\H

prcpdedh, sd surbîh mh hghrquîh ig im \irû. Bhnh rrh quirîh hthehr h Jcmdvdh (y `hsth fdc dgstrueedcgishm kioi fi mh nhrdgh. \cstdbc phrh qui, sd mh buirrh isthmmhjh, hrrhshrh Ecjd kh). \irc mh giei sdfhf ficjrhr fi heuir fc ecg Mh Ouigti, ecg mcs ndgdstrcs qui is thjhg ig Mdnh y ecg im Ecgbri sc, mc fitu-vdircg. "H ehfh rhtc ni fh bh ghs fi nhr e`hr ecg im ikäredtc h fhrmis fi phmcs", iserdjdõ h Mh Ouigti(6 fi oijri rc fi 8058).

MHU ECGOIZIGEDHU OIZZITZCU-CMHØIVH.- Orhehshfh mh ndsdõg piruhgh Èmvhriz ig Jc md-vdh, Uhgth Eruz fisdbgõ ecnc pmigdpctig edhrdc fi su phîs ig im \irû hm dgti mdbig tîsdnc y ohmhz Ehsd-ndrc Cmhøi th. Im \irû, h su viz, gcnjrõ pmigdpctig edhrdc ig Jcmdvdh h Nhguim Oirriyrcs, igtcgeis kcvig `cn jri pû jmdec nès thrfi mmhnh fc h ceu phr hmths pcsdedcgis fdpmcnè tdehs y pcmîtdehs hm mhfcfim prcpdc Bhnh rrh y fi Ehstdmmh. Uierithrdc fi Oirriyrcs oui Oimdpi \hr fc y Hmdhbh.

Mhs dgstrueedcgis fh fhs h Oirriyrcs si ri oirîhg h mh ecgvigdigedh fi ecgeir thr ugh hmdhgzh coig-sdvh y fioigsdvh ecg Jcmdvdh qui bhrhgtdzhsi mh dgfi pig fig edh y mh mdjir thf fi hn jcs phîsis y sudgti brdfhf ti rrdtcrdhm1 odrnhr ug trhthfc fi mîndtis tc nhg fc ec nc jh si im fi Ecmcnjdh qui `h jîhheipthfc mh mîgih fdvdscrdh igtri mcs hgtdbucs vdrridghtcs ecg mhs piqui øhs ecgei sdcgis ri eîprcehsqui ixdbdirhg mhs ecgvigdigedhs fi mcs phîsis dgti rishfcs1 cj ti gir mh dgecrpcrhedõg fi Ecphehjh-gh hm \irû pcr rhzcgis fi fi tir ndgdsnc bic brèodec y mh eisdõg fi Hpcmcjhn jh pcr Jc mdvdh h ehn-jdc fi mh rindsdõg fi mh fiufh jc mdvdhgh hm \irû1 ioietuhr im riemhnc fim phbc fi fd e`h fiu fh sd mhnig edcghfh scmuedõg tirrdtcrdhm gc irh heipthfh1 fdseutdr ug trhthfc fi ec nir edc ecg mcs nigcrisfi rie`cs pc sdjmis h mcs prcfue tcs fi ugc u ctrc phîs y ioie tuhr mh dgfhbhedõg fi mcs nctdvcs fiqui kh furhgti mh äpceh fi mh nd sdõg Hmvhriz1 h tcfc mc euhm ouircg hbribhfcs ctrcs pug tcs ig trimcs qui si dgemuîh mh fivcmuedõg fi mcs igrcmhfcs pi ruhgcs ig im ikäredtc jc mdvdhgc.

Vhgtc Cmhøi th ecnc Oi rriyrcs hecn phøhrcg, sibûg si `h vdstc h sus rispie tdvcs prisdfig tisfu rhgti mh igtri vdsth fim Fishbuhfi rc. Yg ehnjdc fi dfihs qui tu vdircg Bhnh rrh, Oirriyrcs y Cmh-øi th y fcgfi im \ri sdfig ti pi ruhgc ixpusc mcs pugtcs fi su Bc jdirgc, hmehgzõ pujmdedfhf is ehg-fhmcsh ig mcs pirdõfdecs jc mdvdhgcs jh kc mh heushedõg fi qui si trh thjh fi ug "umtdnè tun". EuhgfcOirriyrcs qudsc fi shutcrdzhr ishs pujmdehedcgis i dgvceõ im tistdnc gdc fi Cmhøi th, isti ri pusc quigc pcfîh `hjmhr codedhmnig ti pcr qui tc fhvîh gc `hjîh sdfc ri ecgcedfc ig su ecg fdedõg fi ndgdstrc.

Mcs fcs fdpmcnè tdecs dgdedhrcg sus ecgvirshedcgis ig Hri qudph ig igi rc fi 8058. Furhrcg immhs`hsth ecndig zcs fi nhr zc fim ndsnc høc. Gc mmibhrcg h risumthfc hmbugc. Cmhøi th ripusc h mh coir-th fi mh hmdhgzh fuhm ecg ugh prcpuis th fi hmdhg zh fioigsdvh quîgtupmi qui dgemuyirh hm Zîc fi mh\mhth, E`dmi y Ecmcnjdh. Ucjri tc fc dgsdstdõ ig isti ûmtdnc phîs qui hûg bc jir ghjh Jc mîvhr, y qui, gccjs thgti im trhthfc fi Buh yhqudm fi 80:4, gc `hjîh hrribmhfc su euis tdõg fi mîndtis ecg im \irû. HJcmdvdh, sibûg Cmhøi th, Ecmcnjdh mi pirndtdrîh risdstdr ug hthqui fim \i rû y ioietuhr nhgdcjrhs fiecgtrhpi sc fig trc fi mh prcyiethfh hmdhgzh. Oirriyrcs rie`hzõ mh quîgtupmi mdbh pcr ecgsdfi rhrmhutõpdeh1 nigedcgõ mcs pimdbrcs fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg fi mcs Hgfis1 `dzc vir mh hnighzh qui pcmîtdeh-nig ti tc fhvîh ripri sig thjh Jc mîvhr1 y `hjmõ ecg orhgqui zh heireh fim pimdbrc fi ug heuir fc ig triis ti y Uhgth Eruz. Bhnh rrh `dzc mmibhr h Oirriyrcs mh dfih fi qui euhmqudir Isthfc qui qudsdirh pcfîhhf`i rdrsi h mh hmdhgzh1 istc oui hm fisheirsi im pcfir fi Jc mîvhr. Cmhøi th pdfdõ im puirtc fi Hrdeh.

Ui prcpusc thn jdäg rihmdzhr ig mcs pirdõfdecs jc mdvdhgcs y piruhgcs ugh ehnphøh fi pu jmdeh-edcgis y trhtõ fi fd vdfdr h Bhnh rrh, qui isthjh hm nhgfc fim ikäredtc ig im sur, y Mh Ouigti, h ehrbcfim Bcjdirgc ig Mdnh. Mmibõ h scsti gir codedhmnig ti qui sc mc sd ehnjdhjh im \irû fi pri sdfig ti,is fi edr, sd si hmi khjh Bhnh rrh y igtrhjh Mh Ouigti c euhmqudir ctrc ig su riin pmhzc, pcfrîh ecgsd-fi rhr Jcmdvdh mh hmdhgzh. H isth tisds Bhnh rrh nhgfõ ecg tis thr thnjdäg codedhmnig ti qui is thjhfdspuis tc h ritdrhrsi fim pcfir sd Uhgth Eruz `heîh mc prcpdc. \cr su phrti, Uhgth Eruz ig su ecrris-pcgfig edh prdvhfh gc ei shjh fi erihr ig Bh nh rrh riei mcs ecgtrh Mh Ouigti y vdei virsh.

Fdvirshs heushedcgis `dzc Cmhøi th h Bhnh rrh ig im eursc fi mhs igtri vdsths y fi mh ecrrispcg-fig edh qui mhs hecnphøõ gc scmc scjri mc ceurrdfc ig 80:0 (hsi virhgfc, ig tri ctrhs ec shs, qui




ig tcgeis Bhnh rrh trhnõ mh sibri bhedõg fim sur fim \irû y su ugdõg ecg Jcmdvdh). Gc ohmthrcg, pcredirtc, mhs figugedhs fi `cstdmdfhfis h qudigis si ecg sdfi rhrcg hndbcs fi Uhgth Eruz c fi su pir-scgi rc. Udg injhrbc, y h scmhs ecg Oirriyrcs c ecg is ti y su sierithrdc Oimdpi \hr fc y Hmdhbh, sinh gdoistõ Cmhøi th dghndstcsc ecg Uhgth Eruz y sivirc ecg su prcei fir.

Mhs gibcedhedcgis, hm odg, ouircg tir ndghfhs pcr im Bcjdirgc fi Mdnh, ecg heushedcgis h mh ecg-

fue th "pcec orhgeh y ghfh ecgsieuig ti" fi Cmhøi th, pcr mc euhm pdfdõ su ritdrc. Isti nh gdoistõ hûmtdnh `c rh qui heip thjh mh hmdhgzh fuhm sdg ctrhs ecgfdedcgis qui mh fi dgvdthr h mh Zipûjmdeh fimZîc fi mh \mhth ecg im ndsnc cj kitc.

Uhgth Eruz (sibûg Cmhøi th mi fd kc ecgodfig edhmnig ti h Oirriyrcs), ispi rhjh qui si prc fu ki-rhg trhstcrgcs pcmîtdecs ig im \irû hm e`cehr Mh Ouigti ecg Bhnh rrh y qui h ehush fi immcs ouirhäm mmhnh fc h is ti phîs. Bhnh rrh, h pishr fi mhs gibcedhedcgis fi Hri qudph, quirîh (sibûg si `hvdstc) dgvhfdr Jcmdvdh phrh mc euhm scmdedthjh mh hutcrdzhedõg ―ecgstdtuedcghmnig ti gi ei shrdh― fimEcgbri sc ecg im cj kitc fi ri pi tdr im hetc fi 80:0 pcr äm mmivhfc h eh jc ec nc bi gi rhm ig kioifim ikäredtc. Hm ndsnc tdin pc nc vîh h hgtdbucs hndbcs y phrtdfhrdcs suycs fi 80:0. Ig tri is tcssi ig ecgtrhjh im bi girhm Mchyzh qui (ecg rhzõg c sdg immh) oui ecgfi ghfc h mh pärfdfh fi subrhfc nd mdthr, y fcg Uivirc Nhmhvdh, vcehm fi mh Ecrti fi Mh \hz, kuzbhfc ig ri jimfîh y fi emhrhfctrhdfcr fi puäs fi su oubh h \ugc.

Im ikäredtc pi ruhgc mmibõ h ecgthr igtcgeis ecg 0.<<< `cn jris, y im fi Jc mdvdh ecg 6.<<< sd sivhg h heipthr mhs edorhs fi su rifue edõg h mh ndthf ig im ehsc fi odrnhr si im trhthfc fi phz y hnds thfscmdedthfhs pcr Bhnh rrh, is fi edr, fi 6.<<< y :.<<< cnjris ris pie tdvhnig ti. C thm viz ig isti pi fd-fc si is ecgfîh ugh ocrnh fi jus ehr mh pripcgfi rhgedh ndmdthr fim \irû

Oirriyrcs si `h mmõ hgti mh fdodeumthf fi ti gir qui ig tig fir si, h mh viz, ecg Mh Ouigti, ig ehrbhfcfim Bcjdirgc fi Mdnh, y ecg Bhnh rrh ig im Euzec. Ui `dzc iec im gibcedhfcr pi ruhgc fi mcs runc-ris, pcr mcs jcmdvhrdhgcs ocnig thfcs, heireh fi ugh rupturh igtri hn jcs ehu fdmmcs1 pirc Mh Ouigtimi gibõ ig ehrth phrtdeumhr mh pcsdjdmdfhf fi thm `i e`c. "Hsiburc h Yf. qui scy ugh rceh dgvigedjmiig euhgtc pui fh cehsdcghr hquimmh fishvigig edh y qui mc `hbc pcr mh hndsthf, pcr mh phtrdh y pcrnd prcpdc dgti räs", iserdjdõ ig ehrth fim 6 fi hjrdm, pcec nès fi ugh si nh gh hgtis fi su fi pcsdedõg.

Cmhøi th ribri sõ h su phtrdh y Oirriyrcs h Mdnh (2 fi nhr zc fi 8058). Mh Ehgedmmirîh fi Mdnh hf vdr-tdõ hm ndgdstrc fi Jc mdvdh \ifrc Hgtcgdc fi mh Vcrri qui is ti phîs dgtig thjh "tcfh emhsi fi hr ti rîhs ysupir e`i rîhs" phrh ecgvumsdcghr Euzec y Hriqudph "prdgedphmnig ti is ti ûmtdnc fi phrthnig tc" pcrdgti risis ecnir edhmis ecnu gis ig tri hn jcs ti rrdtcrdcs.

MH FIOIEEDÕG FI MHMDJIZ VHF T IMECGBZIUC . MH FIEMHZHEDÕG FI \DZHVI-ZÎH.- Im :? fi kugdc fi 8058 si sujmivõ mh ecrji th fi bui rrh piruhgh Mdjir thf ig Dsmhy y si `dzch mh vimh ecg fdrieedõg hm puirtc jc mdvdhgc fi Ec jd kh. Fcs nisis fis puäs, im :? fi hbcstc, ctrcju qui ghedcghm, im jirbhgtîg Ecgbrisc, qui pri tig fîh jmcquihr fde`c puir tc, si sujmivõ h ?ndmmhs fi äm y ighrjc mõ im phji mmõg jcmdvdhgc. Mh ohmth fi ph bc ig mcs `hji ris y mh nhmh ehmdfhffi mcs rhge`cs oui ugh fi mhs ehushmis phrh isths hetdtufis. Im pirdõfdec fi Mdnh Im CjsirvhfcrDn phredhm mhs htrdju yõ, ecg ougfhnig tc, h nhgi kcs fi Uhgth Eruz.

Mh trdpumhedõg hnctdghfh ecg trh sus codedhmis ig mhMdjir thf ig ecgtrõ ugh ehrth fi Bhnh rrhhm kioi ghvhm Ehrmcs fim \cstdbc fcg fi fi eîh qui, ig ehsc fi is thmmhr mh buirrh, Ecjd kh fijîh fi shph-rieir phrh sdinpri. Vrcph y bigti jc mdvdhghs ceuphrcg mh ecrji th.

Im Ndgdsti rdc fi Zimhedcgis Ix ti rdcris fi Mdnh phsõ edreumhris h mcs hbigtis fdpmcnè tdecs y ecg-sumhris ix trhg kircs euycs bcjdirgcs ti gîhg hpcsthfi rcs ig hbuhs piruhghs, phrh qui si fdbghrhgcrfi ghr mh ehpturh y igtri bh fi mcs jhrecs sujmivhfcs ehmdodehfcs ec nc pdrhths prisugtcs.

Im jhrec dgbmäsUirdgbh phthn `hmmõ h vhrdcs ghvîcs piruhgcs jmcquihgfc im puirtc fi Ec jd kh ymcs `dzc ritdrhr1 muibc `dzc vcmvir hm puirtc h mh ecrji th Mdjir thf "h ehush fi gc ti gir su phtig ti cmdeig edh phrh ghvibhr ig fi jdfh ocrnh".

FDED805<Q ecm

H MCU 62 HøCUIFHF oHMMIEIUDNÕg JCMî_HZUHgVH NHZVH,ECMCNJDH. UuUZIUVCU ouIZCgIgVIZZHFCU Ig MEHVIFZHM FI IUEDuFHF. FCEI H

FIU\uäU, Ig 806:,UI MCU VZHUMMH EHVIFZHM EHZHEHU T N UVHZFI HM \HgVgHEDCgHM FI_IgIzuIMH.

82










hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

Hm hkusthrsi mh phz igtri im \irû y Jcmdvdh ouircg fi vuimtcs hn jcs jhr ecs, prdni rc mhMdjir thf ymuibc imEcgbrisc (:9 y :4 fi si tdin jri fi 8058). Im pmigdpctig edhrdc piruhgc \i frc Hgtcgdc fiMh Vcrri tuvc dgstrueedcgis fi gc in pi zhr mhs gibcedhedcgis phrh eimijrhr im trhthfc sdg ish ecg-fdedõg privdh. Kcsä Jcti rîg rieupi rõ mhs fcs ghvis.

Q DDD ^IM ECGBZIUC \IZYHGC FIVDIGI MH BYIZZH ECG JCMD _DH.- Bhnh rrh pdfdõ hm Ecg-bri sc fi 8058 oheumthfis ix trhcrfdghrdhs y mh fiemhrhedõg fi bui rrh h ish Zipûjmdeh. Mi kcs fisi eugfhr is th pcmîtdeh, im Ecgbri sc gi bõ fde`hs oheumthfis y fi edfdõ igthjmhr gibcedhedcgis fiphz. Ecgtrh "im vitc ti ghz fi ug Ecg bri sc qui rdgfdigfc su pirs tdedcsc `c ni gh ki h mhs hjstrhe-edcgis, sherdodeègfc mis im dgti räs prèetdec fi mh ghedõg, fishprcjõ im prcyietc fi ix pi fdedcghrscjri Jc mdvdh", iserdjdõ Bhnh rrh ig su nhgdodistc pujmdehfc ig Ecs th Zdeh ig 8059.

\cr ctrh phrti, im eõgsum bigi rhm fi Jcmdvdh ig E`dmi scmdedtõ mh nifdhedõg fi is ti phîs. E`dmi sihprisurõ h corieirmh. Vrhs fi ug fijh ti si phrhfc ig hn jhs Eènh rhs, im Ecgbri sc pi ruhgc hecrfõim :< fi nh yc hutcrdzhr hm Ikieutdvc phrh qui gi bcedhrh ecg Jcmdvdh y ivdthsi ug rcn pdndig tc.Hgti mh dgsdstig edh jimdecsh fi Bhnh rrh, oui igärbdeh mh riscmuedõg fi mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs,qui oui trhsndtdfh h mh fi Uighfc ris y rhtdodehfh pcr is th; "Ui fdbh hm Ikieutdvc qui h nès fi mhdgsuodedigedh fi mcs nctdvcs, im \irû gc pcfrîh fi emhrhr mh buirrh, hug euhgfc oui sig mibîtdncs,pcr is thr pigfdigti mh nifdhedõg fi E`dmi y mhs gibcedhedcgis gui vhnig ti nhg fhfhs ig thjmhr"(5 fi kugdc fi 8058). Im Bcjdirgc ecgsumtõ hm Ecgbri sc quä hetdtuf fi jîh cj sirvhr ig ehsc fi quisi nh mcbrhsi, ecnc irh su nh nig ti prc jh jmi, mh nifdhedõg e`dmigh, y euèmis fijîhg sir mcs rieur-scs phrh im scsti gdndig tc fim ikäredtc. Bhnh rrh y im ndgdstrc Ehrmcs \ifi ncg ti phrtdedphrcg ig mhsi sdõg sieri th phrh cj ti gir sus prcpõsdtcs. H pishr fi tc fhs mhs prisdcgis, im Ecgbri sc ri scmvdõqui im ndgdstrc pmigdpctig edhrdc hgti Jc mdvdh si pusdirh ig nhr e`h h mh nhycr jri vifhf pc sdjmi yqui si ig ehrbhsi ig ig thjmhr privdhnig ti gi bcedhedcgis phrh rifu edr mh ouirzh hrnh fh fihn jhs Zi pûjmdehs hug hgtis fi mh ni fdhedõg e`dmigh, sd mhs edreugsthgedhs mc pirndtîhg (8 fi kumdcfi 8058). Bhnh rrh si in jhreõ ig im Ehmmhc ecg fdrieedõg h \dsec y fi hmmî ecg tdguõ pcr tdirrh imvdh ki h Hriqudph. Jcmdvdh prisig tõ ecnc jh sis phrh im trhthfc im rispi tc nu tuc h mh scji rhgîh idgfi pig fig edh, mh fdsndguedõg prcpcredcghm fi mhs trcphs y su hmi khndig tc fi mhs orcgti rhs (:0 fi kugdc). Im Ecgbri sc pi ruhgc mhs hprcjõ (8? fi hbcs tc).

Bhnh rrh `hjîh pc fdfc hehsc fis trudr h Jcmdvdh ig 80:01 pirc gc qudsc. H`crh quirîh y hehscpcfîh fis trudrmh1 pirc gc mc fi khrcg.

Ucjri mh prisugth dgtig edõg fim Ieuhfcr fi phr tdedphr ig mh buirrh igtri im \irû y Jcmdvdh sitrhtõ ig im ehpîtumc 8?.

VZHVHFCU FI VDXYDGH, HZIXYD\H T [email protected] Ig im pui jmc fi Vdqudgh si odrnõim :9 fi hbcstc fi 8058 pcr mcs gibcedhfc ris \i frc Hgtcgdc fi mh Vcrri y Ndbuim Nhrîh Hbudrri,ug trhthfc pri mdndghr fi phz. Oui istdpumhfh mh ritdrhfh fi hn jcs ikäredtcs fi mh orcgti rh, mh rifue-

edõg fim \irû h ?.<<< y fim fi Jcmdvdh h 5.:<< `cnjris (nc fdodehfh muibc pcr dgdedhtdvh fim Ecg-bri sc pi ruhgc, h 5.<<< pcr im \irû y h 8.?<< pcr Jcmdvdh). Im Vrhthfc fi Hri qudph, mmhnh fc fi odgdtdvc(0 fi gc vdinjri fi 8058), ei mijrh fc jh kc mh nifdhedõg fi E`dmi, y qui thnjdäg suserdjdi rcg Fimh Vcrri y Hbudrri, ecgodrnõ is ths edorhs fi 5.<<< y 8.?<<, su kiths h guivhs rifue edcgis1 im prdgedpdcfi gc dgtir vigedõg1 mh prc`djdedõg fi mhs hetdvdfhfis si fdedcshs fi mcs rioubdhfcs pc mîtdecs ighn jcs phî sis1 im riecgcedndig tc fi mcs mîndtis vdbig tis `hs th qui ouirhg gcn jrh fhs ecndsdcgistcpcbrèodehs y fi is thfîstdeh ig mcs puijmcs fi mh orcgti rh1 y ctrcs pugtcs. Hsdndsnc, oui odrnh fcug trhthfc fi ec nir edc. Ctrc trhthfc hfdedcghm (Hriqudph, 6 fi igi rc fi 805:) hu nig tõ mh ouirzhfi Jc mdvdh h :.<<< `cnjris. Im trhthfc fi phz mmibõ h sir hprcjh fc ig Jc mdvdh, gc hsî im fi ecnir-

IU HVHEHFH Ig MDNHMH EHUH FIM_DEI\ZIUDFIgVI

HgVCgDC BuVDäZZIzFI MH ouIgVI, quDIg

\uFC IUEH\HZ \CZMCU VIE@CU T UI

FDZDBDÕ HM \uIZVCFIM EHMMHC. HMMî, UI

INJHZEÕ Ig MHECZJIVHgCZVIHNIZDEHgH

UHDgV MIwDU . UI EZIIquI IM HVHquI ouI

VZHNHFC \CZoZHgEDUEH zuJDHBH,

IU\CUH FIM\ZIUDFIgVI HBuUVîg

BHNHZZH.

8?HJZDM8058

Qpirû ^




sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9 HBC8058Q jcm

UI oDZNH IgJCMD_DH IM VZFI VDquDgH,FCEuNIgVC\ZIMDNDgHZ FI ECg IM \IZÛ. ouIZuJZDEHFC \CZ NDgDUVZCU\MIgD\CVIgEDH

\IFZC HgVCgDC MH VCZZI, \CZguIUVZC \HîU, TNHguIM NHZîHHBuDZZI, \CZ IM\HîU UuZIøC.IUVD\uMHJH MHZIVDZHFH FIHNJCU IKäZEDV

Uu ZIFuEEDÕg. IVZHVHFCFIoDgDVD_C UIoDZNÕ Ig HZIquIM 0 FI gC_DINJ

:9edc. Oui giei shrdc qui \i frc Hgtcgdc fi mh Vcrri y Ehsdndrc Cmhøi th odrnh rhg ctrc ig E`u qudshehphrh siøhmhr mcs firie`cs h mhs dnpcrthedcgis y ixpcrthedcgis ri eîprcehs (82 fi gcvdinjri fi805:). Fi is ti ecg vigdc qui muibc im ndsnc Cmhøi th htheõ ig ocmmitcs y ehrths phrtdeumhris, si`hjmhrè h prcpõsdtc fim fi 806<. H ecgsi euig edh fi tcfcs mcs hrribmcs nigedcghfcs vdgc ughtri buh hphrig ti ig tri Bhnh rrh y Uhgth Eruz, igtri Jc mdvdh y im \irû, `hsth qui surbdõ mh buirrh edvdm

ig is ti ûmtdnc phîs.

IM ECNIZEDC ECG JCMD _DH.- Ucjri is ti ti nh si trh thrè ig im ehpîtumc scjri mcs hspie tcsiec gõndecs fim pirîcfc.

Q Dv ^MH EH\VYZH FIM@DFHMBC , IM ZCN\DNDIGVC ECG NHZDGCU T HBIGVIU FD\MCNÈ-VDECU JZDVÈGDECU T IM UIEYIUVZC FI MHMDJIZ VHF .- Ig nhr zc fi 805< is ti jir bhgtîg-bcmith, qui `hjîh sdfc jrdtègdec, shmdõ fim puirtc ni xdehgc fi Buhynhs ecg phji mmõg nixdehgcsdg tigir sus phpi mis ecnpmitcs ecg ug ehrbhnig tc fi jh rrhs fi crc y pmhth, ecjri y fdgi rc igioietdvc. Euhgfc mmibõ hm Ehmmhc im 8¼ fi nhyc, oui fi ti gdfc pcr drribumhrdfhfis ig su fc eunig th-edõg1 y fi heuirfc ecg mhs Crfi ghgzhs fi Nhrdgh y im Zibmhnig tc fi \ri shs, im tiscrc qui trhîhqui fõ in jhrbhfc y mhs jhrrhs fi crc y pmhth ouircg h ug fi põsdtc. Mcs prceõgsumis jrdtègdecs igMdnh ri emhnh rcg hgti im ehgedmmir Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc y mh rispuis th ecgsdstdõ ig ugh sirdi fi rhzc-ghndig tcs scjri mh dgixdstig edh fi ugh usurphedõg. Ig vdsth fi immcs ecnprcni tdircg h @igryFugfhs, ecnhg fhg ti fi mh ecrji th fi bui rrhUhppdri, phrh qui kugtc ecg imVrdju gi, si hpcfi rh-sig fi ugh su nh iqudvhmigti h mh sustrhîfh, fi prc pdifhf fim Bcjdirgc pi ruhgc ig euhmqudirphrti fcg fi mmibhsi h sir `h mmhfh. Hvdshfc fi mh ixdstig edh fi fde`c prc põsdtc pcr mcs ndsncsprceõgsumis, im Bcjdirgc pi ruhgc `dzc hpristcs jä mdecs ig im Ehmmhc1 pirc sus ouirzhs ghvhmis irhgdgoirdcris h mcs fcs jhrecs jrdtègdecs surtcs ig isi puir tc. @ujc hmbughs heedcgis pri mdndghrisecnc im hprishndig tc fi ugh mhge`h fim jir bhgtîg Ecgbrisc, im dgtig tc fi ehp turhr mh bcmith Hri-qud piøh y im hjcrfh ki hm jirbhgtîg \rdnir Hyheue`c ig euyhs jcfi bhs ehrbhfhs fi buh gc gc eri-yircg ig ecgtrhr ghfh fi vh mcr fispuäs fi ri bdstrhrmhs. Xuifhrcg suspig fdfhs mhs rimhedcgis ig trihn jcs phî sis. Ig mh nhfrubhfh fim 8? fi nh yc, fcs jhr ecs jrdtègdecs rcfih rcg h mh ecrji thMdjir-thf , qui si fdspcgîh h tcnhr im ocgfih fi rc fim Ehmmhc. Mmivhjh h jcr fc hm vdei pri sdfig ti fi mhZipûjmdeh, Hgtcgdc Butdärriz fi Mh Ouigti, h qudig si pirndtdõ fisin jhrehr ecg su ohndmdh, ecnd-tdvh y iqudph ki. Ctrc fi mcs ph sh kircs irh Zhnõg Ehstdmmh. Mh ecrji th quifõ ri ti gdfh `hs th im :8 finh yc. Fugfhs ix trh kc fi immh ugh ehgtdfhf iqud vhmigti h mcs 8:.<<< piscs qui im Bcjdirgc pi ruh-gc `h jîh tc nh fc fi mh@dfhmbc.

Mhs rimhedcgis ecg sumhris ig tri im \irû y mh Brhg Jrithøh quifhrcg dgti rrun pdfhs `hs th 8055,ig qui si rih gufhrcg ecg im gcnjrhndig tc fi Jimocrf @dgtcg Rdmscg. Ui dgdedhrcg, ecg nc tdvc fimehsc @dfhmbc, hmbughs ni kcrhs ig mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi hfuhghs y ig im puirtc fim Ehmmhc, hsî ecncig mhs trhndthedcgis kufdedhmis.

Mhs ixeushs prisig thfhs pcr ctrcs ecnhg fhgtis ghvhmis jrdtègdecs ecgfu kircg h qui si gcr-nh mdzhrh mh sdtuhedõg fi mcs jhrecs fi ish gh edcghmdfhf ig im \i rû fis fi kugdc fi 805<. Im ndgdstrc\hmnirs tcg ehgei mõ mcs gcnjrhndig tcs fi mcs hbigtis ecg sumhris1 pirc dgfdeõ qui gc is thjhfdspuis tc h tcmirhr hjuscs ecgtrh sus sûjfdtcs.

Im Kuzbhfc fi \ri shs fi emhrõ ig su sig tig edh qui im jirbhgtîg-bcmith@dfhmbc irh jui gh prish,hsî ecnc su ehrbhnig tc, qui fhgfc h shmvc im firie`c fi mcs dgti rishfcs ecg trh im ecgfue tcr. Isthsig tig edh oui ecgodrnh fh pcr im supi rdcr trdju ghm.

Eimdh Ru Muy `h istufdhfc im ehsc @dfhmbc ig ugh ti sds prisig thfh ig 84?6.




EH\ÎVYMC 80 ◃ D Mh Ouigti ig ehrbhfcfim nhgfc. Im pmidtc fi mhs `hrdghs ◃ Mhfi pcsdedõg fi Mh Ouigti ◃ Mh pcmîtdehdgtir gh ig im Ecgbri sc fi 8058 ◃ DD Mhmue`h ecgtrh mcs ”sudzcs„. Mh ecgspdrhedõgfi Dbuhîg◃ Mh ecgspdrhedõg fi Zcssim◃

”Ehmmig mhs miyis phrh shmvhr mhs miyis„ ◃

Mugh \dzhrrc y im Bcjdirgc ◃ \hg fc,ndgdstrc ◃ Mh heushedõg h Bhnh rrh ◃ Mhecgspdrhedõg fi gcvdinjri fi 805: ◃ Mhmiy ecgtrh mhs ixphtrdhedcgis hrjdtrhrdhs◃

Mh miy scjri oui rc ecnûg ph rh edirtcsfi mdtcs ◃ Mh phmdzh h Ehmcrdc. Mh ripri sig-thedõg fi Mh Ncg kh Hmoäriz ◃ Mh rispuis thfi Bh nh rrh h _dbdm ig im nigsh ki hm Ecg-bri sc fi 805: ◃ Mhs prdsdcgis y pir si eu-edcgis h ecndig zcs fi 8055 ◃ Mhs sifd-edcgis h ni fdhfcs y odgis fi 8055 ◃ Mhfi oigsh fim crfig pcr Mh _irfhf y ctrcs

pi rdõfdecs codedhmis. Uus fdoirig edhs ecgim pigshndig tc fi Jhr tcmcnä @irrirh ◃

Im sdbgdodehfc fim prdnir bc jdirgc fiBhnh rrh ◃ Mhs fdiedsditi ecgs pdrhedcgisecgtrh Bhnh rrh ◃ DDD Im \hrmhnig tc y mcspri sdfig tis dgti rdgcs fu rhgti im prdnirbcjdirgc fi Bh nh rrh◃ D_ \hgfc y su tir-tumdh◃ Mh cjrh hfndgdstrhtdvh fim prdnirbcjdirgc fi Bh nh rrh◃ Mh riocrnh nd mdthr◃ Im ougedcghndig tc fim Ecmibdc Ndmdthr ymh fishphrdedõg fi mh Iseui mh Eigtrhm fi

Nhrdgh. Mh fispric euphedõg fim bcjdir-gc fi Bh nh rrh pcr im pcfir gh vhm◃ Mh miyscjri mh ecgtrdju edõg qui brhvhjh mhsphsths fi pmhth y crc ◃ Mh riocrnh fim\c fir Kufdedhm◃ Erihedõg fim fiphrth-nig tc fi Hnh zcghs ◃ Mh Miy fi \rcei fd-ndig tc Ispi edhm◃ Ecgomdetcs ig tri imBcjdirgc y im hmtc emirc.

Q \ZDNIZ \IZÎCFC;Mh äpceh ougfhedcghM fi Mh ripûjMdeh ^

Q VCNC : ^



Q80EH\ÎVYMC

IM NDMDVHZDUNC HuVCZDVHZDC FHU\IEVCU DgVIZgC



Q D ^ H OYIGVI IGEHZBHFC FIM NHGFC. IM \MIDVC FI MHU @HZDGHU.- Ig husig edh fiBhnh rrh quifõ ig ehrbhfc fim nhg fc ig Mdnh, h phrtdr fim 6 fi sitdin jri fi 805<, im vdei pri-sdfig ti Mh Ouigti. Ecgsirvhrcg sus ehrbcs mcs ndgdstrcs Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc, Ehrmcs \ifi ncg-ti y Kcsä Zdvhfi giyrh. Im Ecgbri sc fi 80:0 pcr mh miy mmhnh fh fi \rc `djdedcgis fi 88 fi ku gdcfi 80:0 (prc numbhfh im 85 fi kugdc) vifõ pcr ug tdin pc fi tir ndghfc im dgbri sc hm phîs fifdvirscs hrtîeumcs ixtrhg kircs, igtri immcs tceuycs, `hrdghs, vdgcs, phshs, nhgti eh fi vheh, hrrczy ni gis trhs, fhgfc ec nc rh zõg qui "mcs Isthfcs ghedigtis ecg sirvhg y ocnig thg hgti tc fcsmcs ehpdthmis prcfue tcris ecg qui gh eig". \cr fi eri tc fi 89 fi ku gdc fi 80:4, im kioi supri nc,Mh Ouigti, suspig fdõ mcs ioietcs fi is th miy, phrh mc euhm hfu kc qui im irhrdc ghedcghm isthjh igsdtuhedõg erîtdeh. Vhnjdäg ixpri sõ mh eirti zh fim Bcjdirgc fi qui ig mcs fi phrthnig tcs fi mhZipûjmdeh fcg fi si ec si e`hjh im trdbc gc `h jîh sc jrhg ti fi is ti hrtîeumc phrh prcviir h mhehpdthm y h mcs puijmcs fi mh ecsth, mc euhm crdbdghjh mh isehsiz ehushgti fim hmzh fi pri edc fimphg y mh ecgsdbudigti fdsndguedõg fim pisc fi is ti hrtîeumc hmdnig tdedc. Fde`c fi eri tc qui fõsdg ioietc pcr hetc fim Ecgbri sc, kugtc ecg tc fcs mcs fi is th hfndgdstrhedõg prcvdscrdh (miy fi8: fi ce tujri fi 80:4 hemhrhfh pcr fi eri tc fi 9 fi igi rc fi 805< y puis th ig vdbcr pcr edr-eumhr fi 8< fi hbcstc fi 805< gui vhnig ti hm vigeir si im pmhzc od khfc pcr fde`c fi eri tc).

Ygcs ecnir edhgtis fi Is thfcs Ygdfcs ri sdfig tis ig Mdnh qui, h pi shr fi mh prcdjdedõg,`hjîhg trhîfc hm Ehmmhc ug jhrec ehrbhfc fi `h rdghs y tceuycs, bägi rcs prc`djdfcs, prcpusdircgig si tdin jri fi 8058 ph bhr mcs firie`cs hm ecgthfc sd si mis pirndtîh dgtrcfu edr ishs nirehfi rîhs.Mh Ouigti yh `hjîhsi ig ehrbhfc fim nhg fc pcr hu sig edh fi Bhnh rrh y ecgei fdõ mh hutcrdzhedõg,sdg oheumthf phrh immc, hugqui dn pi mdfc pcr mh giei sdfhf fi hjh rhthr im phg. Im ecnir edhgti \oidooir,qui ix pi fîh mcs orutcs fi mhs `hedigfhs Uhg Kcsä y Uhg Khvdir fi Ghseh, hrrigfhfhs pcr im Isthfch mh ohndmdh fim prioietc fi Mdnh, Kuhg Jhutdsth Imäspuru, `hjîh dgtig thfc nc gcpcmdzhr mhs `hrdghs1Mh Ouigti fi gugedh ig su nhgdodistc qui ig fd e`c gi bcedhfc is thjhg dgti rishfcs im prcpdc Imäs-puru y mh siøcrh Bhnh rrh, hugqui Imäspuru mc gdibh igärbdehnig ti.

Hmhrnõ ig Mdnh im fieri tc qui `h eîh dmuscrdh mh Miy fi \rc`djdedcgis, puis si sdgtdircg hoieth-fhs mhs emhsis dgfus trdcshs, mcs hbrdeumtcris, mcs ehpdthmdsths, mcs prcpdithrdcs y tcfcs mcs qui hspdrh-jhg h mh prcspi rdfhf fi mh dgfus trdh ghedcghm ixemuyigfc mhs prcfue edcgis fi mh ixtrhøh qui sipufdirhg mcbrhr ig guis trc sui mc c ohjrdehrsi pcr mcs guistrcs (istc is mc qui fdei Imäspuru).

Mh cpcsdedõg ecgtrh im fieri tc fi Mh Ouigti tu vc su ocec ig mh tirtumdh fi mh siøcrh Bhnh rrh

y ig ug sie tcr fi mh prigsh pirdõfdeh. Im nès ecggcthfc fi mcs iserdtcris ig is ti jhg fc ri sum-tõ sir im ecmcnjdhgc Kcsä Hyhmh, rifhetcr fi Im Ncgdtcr , qui oui pirsi budfc pcr Mh Ouigti yfi pcrthfc fim phîs, gc cjsthgti mh eriigedh fim vdei pri sdfig ti fi qui im pi rdcfdsth `hmmèjh sidgspdrhfc y prc ti bdfc pcr im prioietc. Mh Kugth Fi phrthnig thm, pcr su phrti, ix pri sõ pûjmdeh-nig ti su hmhrnh hg ti mh supri sdõg fi mh Miy fi \rcdjdedcgis, pcr ecgsdfi rhr qui mh dgfus trdhfi mhs prcvdgedhs quifh rîh rifu edfh h rudgcsc is thfc. Im heuirfc qui hfcp tõ oui trhgsndtdfc hmpri oietc1 y isti mc imivõ, h su viz, hgti Mh Ouigti, gc cjs thgti fi qui fd e`c cr bhgdsnc gc ti gîhig im hsugtc dg kirig edh mibhm hmbugh. Mh Kugth Fi phrthnig thm "ecgvirtdfh ig edibc dgstrunig tcfi mhs dgtrdbhs fi Imäspuru y fi su hmdhfh", oui igtcgeis fdsuimth pcr im vdei pri sdfig ti.

M




MH FI\C UDEDÕG FI MH OYIGVI.- Mh fdrie tcrh fi mh cpcsdedõg ecgtrh Mh Ouigti irh mh prcpdhis pcsh fim \risdfig ti, fc øh Orhgedseh [ujdhbh fi Bhnh rrh.

\hrh vdbdmhr h Mh Ouigti, fc øh Orhgedseh ecgtõ ecg mh hfi sdõg fim prioietc fi Mdnh, ec rcgimImäspuru, y fim ecrcgim Jirghrfc Is eufi rc. Im e`cqui sc jri im fi eri tc qui pir ndtdõ mh dgtrcfue-edõg fi mhs `hrdghs gc oui gd im prdni rc gd im ûmtdnc. Th fis fi im fîh fim vdh ki fi Bh nh rrh oui

dgtir eip thfc im ecrric fi Hri qudph, ecg nig buh fi mh hutcrdfhf fi Mh Ouigti. Ui suei fdircgfdvirscs dgedfig tis qui heig tuhrcg mcs riei mcs y mhs suspdehedhs; gcnjrhndig tcs vdei pri sdfig-edhmis ìe`cs ig ohvcr fi pir scghs igi ndbhs h mcs bhnh rrdsths c scspi e`c shs phrh immcs (igtriimmcs im fi Mugh \dzhrrc ecnc fièg fi mh Eh ti frhm fi Hriqudph)1 fieri tcs ecgtrh im fdsoruti fivhrdcs suimfcs ig fis ni frc fi oh vcrdtcs fi fc øh Orhgedseh y su eîreumc1 eriedigtis runc ris fiqui ecg nc tdvc fi mh riugdõg fim Ecgbri sc (qui fi jîh fhr h Bhnh rrh oheumthfis ix trhcrfdgh-rdhs phrh dgvhfdr Jcmdvdh) sirîh fi puis tc im \risdfig ti y ecmcehfc Mh Ouigti ig su mubhr. Isti si`h jîh ri ecgedmdhfc ecg mcs mdji rhmis.

\c ec pufdircg hmbugcs dgtig tcs fi ecg edmdhedõg ecnc ug jhd mi qui fdc Ndmmir hm qui gcheufdõ mh siøcrh Bhnh rrh "pcrqui phfi ei fi ug nhm qui mi hshmth dgtin pis tdvhnig ti". Hm`heir shmdr fi mh ehpdthm hm ecrcgim Orhgedsec fi _dfhm, h qudig supusc ig hetdtuf fi ecgs pdrhedõgecgtrh äm ig ecggdvigedh ecg mcs rdvhbýirdgcs, Mh Ouigti tu vc ugh isei gh vdcmigth ecg mh siøc-rh Bhnh rrh qui mi fd kc, igtri ctrhs ecshs, sibûg äm gc pujmdehjmis phrh gc "ecnprcni tir imrispi tc qui si fi ji hm sixc", qui "gc suorîh hmehmfhfhs" sd jdig prcgtc fi ncs trõ qui pc fîh`heirmhs suordr h ctrcs. Hm fhr im vdei pri sdfig ti mhs õrfi gis phrh mh shmdfh hm sur fim jhthmmõg [ipd-th ecg im kioi fi Is thfc Nh ycr, bigi rhm Jighvdfis, si pri edpdtõ y fi sig ehfi gõ mh mue`h.

"Ui fd kc igtcgeis (hodrnh im ecgtin pcrègic Vèvhrh) qui im pmhg phrh supmhgthr hm bigi rhmBhnh rrh fi jîh mmivhrsi h ehjc jh kc mhs nès istrdeths ocrnhs ecgs tdtuedcghmis. Hm inpi zhr sussi sdcgis im \hrmhnig tc, fi jîh sir heushfc hg ti mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs im \risdfig ti husig ti;hfndtdfh mh heushedõg, fipuis tc y ig tri bhfc h mh kurdsfdeedõg fim Uighfc".

\i rc im 8? fi hjrdm fi 8058, tris fîhs hg tis fi dgsthmhrsi im Ecg brisc, hm hgceì eir, turjhshni ghzhgtis si ph sihrcg pcr mhs ehmmis fi Mdnh ph rh pifdr mh fipcsdedõg fi Mh Ouigti y ugpi mctõg fi trc ph oui h jusehrmc h su ehsh. Hpighs tuvc tdin pc äm phrh isehphr, sdg vistdrsi, pcrmcs tie`cs "shmthgfc mhs nès hmths phri fis, fis gufc y ig oirnc, pir si budfc pcr mcs tdrcs", sibûgfd kc nès thrfi. Ehyõ ugc fi mcs hprishfc ris nuir tc fi ug tdrc pcrqui eri yircg qui irh imvdei pri sdfig ti. Yg ehrpdgti rc shmvõ h isti. Yg pi rdõfdec jhu tdzõ hm ipdscfdc; "mh ehnphøh fi mhse`dni gihs". Mh Ouigti, h mcs fcs c tris fîhs si in jhr eõ pcr ugh fi mhs ehmiths fi mh ecsth igugc fi iscs jhr qudeùi mcs mmhnh fcs ehjh mmdtcs. Isthjh, ig tcgeis, ocgfih fh ig mh jhîh fimEhmmhc mh ecrji th gcrtih ni rdehgh Uhdgt Miwds. Ygh nhfru bhfh mmibõ hmUhdgt Miwds ug `cn jri. Vin jmcrcsc y nhm vistdfc, hquim prõoubc fi eîh sir im prisdfig ti fim \i rû. Im codedhm fi buhrfdhsi gi bõ h riedjdrmc, y hgti im rudfc fi mh fdseusdõg shmdõ im ecnhg fhg ti, puis pcr gh fh si fi ed-fîh im eudthfc h fi sin jhr ehr. Im ecnhg fhg ti, mmhnh fc Umcht, ecgceîh h Mh Ouigti y mi fdc hsdmc."¡I`! jdig, bigi rhm -fî kcmi euhgfc su ùäs pif rih gdnõ si hm ehmcredmmc fi mh siburdfhf-,. `h eipcec nès fi ug høc qui yc ocg fäi ig is ti puir tc, euhgfc us tif nhr e`hjh h fi pcgir hm vdei-pri sdfig ti. Fi ishs ec shs si fi khg fdseîpumcs".

Im prioietc fi Mdnh Kuhg Jhustdsth Imäspuru nhg fõ qui im "ohustc hecgti edndig tc rihmdzhfcim 8? fi hjrdm ouirh eimijrh fc ecg nd shs, ec i tis, nû sdeh, ripdquis y ecmbhfu rhs". Hugqui gcsi `h jîh dgsthmhfc tc fhvîh im Ecgbri sc pcr ohmth fim gûni rc mibhm fi fdputhfcs, im Ecgsi kc fiIsthfc hecr fõ im 80 fi hjrdm qui si ig ehrbhrh fim nhgfc im prisdfig ti fim Uighfc, HgfräsZiyis. Ig im dgtir vhmc bcjir gõ im prioietc. Ghfh fd kc im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc ecg trh mh fipcsdedõgfim vdei pri sdfig ti. Vhnpcec surbdircg hetdtufis ecg fi ghtcrdhs phrh mc qui isthjh ceu rrdigfcig im sigc fi mhs Eènh rhs qui ougedcghjhg ig kugths priphrhtcrdhs euhgfc si pir pi trõ im htig-thfc y qui hjrdi rcg sus sisdcgis im 84 fi hjrdm, ndigtrhs Mh Ouigti si buîh hsdmhfc ig ug ju quifi bui rrh ixtrhg kirc hgemhfc ig im Ehmmhc. Ig mh sisdõg dghuburhm fim \hrmhnig tc h trhväs fi ug

gC_D8058Q iYrc

oZHgEDH IDgBMHVIZZHoDZNHg ugVZHVHFC Ig IMIUVHJMIEIg MHUuU\IgUDÕg FI MVZHVH FI IUEMHoZDEHgCU Ig UFCNDgDCU. IUI

NDUNC HøC, JZHVHNJDäg\ZCNuMBH ugH quI \ZC@DJI IMECNIZEDC FIIUEMH_CU Ig UVIZZDVCZDC.

5<




jri vi fdseursc, im omhnhg ti kioi fim \cfir Iki eutdvc dgfdeõ qui mh Zipûjmdeh si `hmmhjh trhgqud-mh y qui äm sirîh sundsc h mh ripri sig thedõg ghedcghm y h mh miy.

Im ndgdstrc Ehrmcs \ifi ncg ti ecg tdguõ hm sirvdedc fim guivc bcjir ghgti, ndig trhs qui imfi Bui rrh, Kcsä Zdvhfi giyrh, odburh vigi rhjmi fi mh phtrdh qui `hjîh vdvdfc mhrbcs høcs pri scig Is phøh, y im fi Zimhedcgis Ix ti rdcris, Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc, si ri tdrhrcg. Im prioietc Imäspuru

pujmdeõ iserdtcs scsti gdigfc qui mcs puijmcs tdigig im firi e`c fi fis tdtudr h su bcjir ghgtiseuhgfc ecg sdfi rhg qui is tcs qui jrhg thg mh Ecgstdtuedõg y mhs miyis y iguni rhgfc ig tri mhshrjdtrhrdifh fis fi Mh Ouigti im fieri tc qui pir ndtdõ mh dgtir ghedõg fi `h rdghs, mh suspig sdõgfi mh Kugth Fi phrthnig thm y mh fipcrthedõg fi ug iserdtcr.

MH \CMÎVDEH DGVIZGH IG IM ECGBZIUC FI 8058.- Mh ecndsdõg igehrbhfh fi fde thndghrheireh fim hthqui h nh gc hrnh fh ecg trh mh vdfh fim vdei pri sdfig ti y fi su fis tdtuedõg fim nhg-fc su pri nc mmibõ h ixpi fdr su fdethnig pd fdigfc qui im prioietc ouirh scni tdfc h kudedc y quisi mmhnh si fi su fis tdirrc h Mh Ouigti1 pirc gc mmibõ h prcfu edrsi vcthedõg scjri is ti hsugtc.

Mcs igindbcs fim Bcjdirgc, dnpctig tis phrh mcbrhr mh ecgfi gh orhgeh fim htigthfc fim 8?fi hjrdm, cjtuvdircg ctrhs vdetcrdhs. @dedircg hprcjhr ugh miy qui ripcgîh ig sus fis tdgcs h mcsixphtrdhfcs sdg privdh sigtig edh fisfi im høc fi 80:4, is fi edr, h phrtdr fi mh dghuburhedõg fimräbdnig vdbig ti. Mcs `iri fi rcs fi Mh Nhr, ig eunpmdndig tc fi mh ûmtdnh vc mugthf fim prisd-fig ti prcs erdtc, fi vcmvdircg hm Ecgbri sc mh isphmfh qui is ti ndsnc mi cj si qudhrh, y si hprcjõig tcgeis, pcr ni fdc fi ugh ri scmuedõg mibdsmhtdvh, qui ig tc fcs mcs mdjrcs fi mhs nugdedphmdfh-fis oui rh dgserdtc im gcnjri fi Mh Nhr ecg mcs sdbudigtis tîtumcs; "fioigscr fi mh dgfi pig fig-edh y fim `cgcr fi mh \htrdh, odim cjsirvhgti fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg y fi mhs miyis" (85 fi kugdc). Fde`hri scmuedõg oui ecgsdfi rhfh ecnc ug hbrhvdc h qudig `hjîh fi rrcehfc y ix phtrdhfc hm edufhfh-gc `cg rhfc fi nh gi rh thg ixeip edcghm.

Vini rcsc fi qui im Ikieutdvc pufdirh cjs theumdzhr su prõxdnh riu gdõg, im Ecgbri sc fdetõugh miy ribumhgfc im jdigdc ecgstdtuedcghm, c sih mcs pmhzcs phrh mhs vhehgedhs phrmhnig thrdhs,si bûg mhs sisdcgis fi mhs Eènh rhs (:9 fi hjrdm).

Hprcjõ, hsdndsnc, ctrh miy qui fi thmmõ im ncfc y im tdinpc ig qui fi jîhg pri sig thrsi igMdnh mcs fdputhfcs y si ghfc ris y hfcp tõ pri ehuedcgis hfdedcghmis phrh qui pufdirh ecgtdguhrougedcghgfc im \hrmhnig tc (0 fi kumdc).

Mh riscmuedõg mibdsmhtdvh fi 8? fi nh yc fi 8058 hutcrdzõ hm brhg nhrdsehm Kcsä fi mhZdvh-Hbýirc phrh vcmvir hm \irû. Isth ni fdfh ri pri sig tõ prdni rc ug hetc fi `cs tdmdfhf h MhOuigti y h sus hndbcs1 pirc prcgtc Zdvh-Hbýirc vdgc h sir ugh ouirzh hfdedcghm fi mh cpcsd-edõg h Bhnh rrh.

Mh pubgh igtri im Ikieutdvc y im Mibdsmhtdvc ig 8058, qui, ecnc heh jh fi vir si, gc si htri vdõ hixti rdcrdzhsi ig ri mhedõg ecg im htigthfc ecg trh Mh Ouigti y qui, ig ctrcs eh scs tuvc nuis trhs thg-big edhmis, risumtõ fi edsdvh, sibûg si fd kc yh ig im ehpîtumc hgti rdcr, phrh ivdthr mh buirrh ecg Jcmdvdh.

Q DD ^MH MYE@H ECGVZH MCU "UYD[CU". MH ECGU\DZHEDÕG FI DBYHÎG.- Ecg mh imdndghedõgfi Mh Ouigti gc si trhg qudmdzõ mh pcmîtdeh piruhgh.

Ig ecg trh fi mh miy mmhnh fh fi ri ocrnh nd mdthr, qui äm ndsnc `h jîh prcnumbhfc (8: fifdedin jri fi 80:4), Bh nh rrh tigîh ig mcs puistcs prdgedphmis fim ikäredtc h kiois ixtrhg kircs y hehpdtumhfcs ig Hyheue`c. Ig tri immcs si ecgthjhg mcs bigi rhmis isphøcmis Eirfi øh y \hrfc fi[i mh y mcs ecrcgi mis fi mh ndsnh ghedcghmdfhf Orhgedsec Kdnä giz, Kcsä Uhgtcs Hmfu ghti y Jir-ghrfc Is eufi rc, hsî ecnc im bigi rhm e`dmigc \i frc Hgtcgdc Jcrbcøc, qui `h jîh sir vdfc ig imikäredtc rihmdsth. Ecgtrh im prifc ndgdc fi is tcs iminig tcs, mmhnh fcs "sudzcs" y "bcfcs" vdgdircg

IM DgBMäU E@HZMIUFHZwDg DgDEDH ug_DHKI EDIgVîoDEC IgIM JIZBHgVîg@NUJIHBMI . Ig EDgEC

HøCU FI ZIECZZDFC,_DUDVÕ MHU ECUVHU FI

UuFHNäZDEH, IMHZE@D\DäMHBC FI

BHM \HBCU, VH@DVî,guI_H zIMHgFH,HuUVZHMDH,

VHUNHgDH, MH DUMHFI AIIMDgB,

NHuZDEDC, JZHUDM TMHU HzCZIU. UuU

IUVuFDCU UDZ_DIZCg\HZH oCZNuMHZ MH

VICZîH FI MHI_CMuEDÕg FI MHU

IU\IEDIU.

:2DEDINJZI8058

Q brhgjrithøh ^




\cmîtdec pi h c qd tib õ im b pc od nh tis im HethD ipi i edh i 8Iki edõ im eh bc

i mh Ec ti U p in80:2 o i imibd c

dp th c pc Mdnhec vd tdõ, h inès,

p isd i ti im Ec b Hs ndõ mh \ isd i

im \i û i 805: hmh si th si Bhnh h

NHguIM fI VI(8224-8054)

Vèvhrh ig su @dstc rdh fi mcs phrtdfcs ehmdodeh h mh heushedõg fi dg ecn pmith pcr ugh phr ti yixh bi rhfh pcr mh ctrh y hbri bh qui nu e`cs fd pu thfcs gc bc jdir gdsths vc thrcg ecg trh immh.

Ecg trh mc qui bi gi rhmnig ti si erii, gc sc mc oui heushfc im pri sdfig ti fi mh Zi pû jmdeh, sdgcmc ouircg thn jdäg im vdeipri sdfig ti y mcs ndgdstrcs fi Is thfc pcr mc qui `h jîhg hu tc rdzhfc igsus pcr thocmdcs. Ctrhs Ehrths ecgs tdtuedcghmis pcsti rdcris `d edircg nu e`c nhs fd oîedm thg brhvi

ri eursc ecg trh mhs nès hmths hutc rdfh fis fi mh gh edõg.Is ti ipd sc fdc sdgbu mhr `h quifh fc pir pi tuhfc ig mh `dstc rdh pcr ug gc thjmi y vhmdigti fds-

eursc. Oui im fim prisdfig ti fi mh Eè nh rh fi fd pu thfcs pcr Vhe gh, Orhgedsec fi \hu mh Bcgzèmiz_dbdm. Uheir fc ti ec nc Mugh \dzhrrc, _dbdm `hjîh si fi fdehfc h mh pcmîtdeh fis fi qui hph ri edõ igmh cpcsdedõg ecgtrh Jc mîvhr ig im Ecgbri sc fi 80:?, sd jdig gd ig tcg eis gd ig im fi 80:0 mc brõim rimdivi qui fis puäs ecg qudstõ. Mh heushedõg h Bhnh rrh, ig rih mdfhf, ecg ti gîh ehrbcs qui ughix pi rdigedh pcsti rdcr vuimvi drrdsc rdcs sibûg si fi fu ei ig su ri mhedõg yh i e`h ig pè rrhoc hgti-rdcr. \i rc immc, gc cjsthgti, im fdseursc fi _d bdm oui ug nc fi mc fi hmtdviz i dg fi pig fig edh, fiimivhedõg y siri gdfhf, fi pri edsdõg y scjrdi fhf, ug vir fh fi rc sir nõg eî vdec. H mcs qui hodrnh-jhg qui si trh thjh fi dg orheedcgis fi ni gcr dn pcr thgedh ripu sc qui ig mh Ecgs tdtuedõg ghfhis pi qui øc, qui ig immh tcfc is brhg fi y sh brhfc. H mcs qui dgvcehjhg mh rispi thjdmdfhf fimpri sdfig ti fi mh Zi pû jmdeh, cj kitõ hodrnhg fc qui immh gc pui fi hpc yhrsi ig gh fh hki gc h mhshtrdju edcgis ecgs tdtuedcghmis1 qui su fdbgdfhf nds nh is drris pcg shjmi y qui im qui si sc jri-pc gi h mhs miyis, is im `cn jri, im tdrhgc. H mcs qui si hti gîhg h mh gi eisdfhf fi mh phz pû jmdeh,ris pcg fdõ qui gc `hy phz ig im fi scr fig1 qui qudig scs tdigi mh Ecgstdtuedõg, gc pui fi pir-turjhr ugh jui gh phz. H mcs qui fi eîhg qui `hy qui ecg sdfi rhr h mcs `cn jris ec nc scg, `d zcgc thr qui pcr qui hsî mc viîh, ecn prc jh fh qui mh dnpu gdfhf hu nig th im erdnig1 y qui mhs miyis`hg sdfc `i e`hs ph rh qui mcs `cn jris sihg mc qui fi jig sir. H mcs qui ix pri shjhg ti nc rispcr mc qui pu fdi rh vi gdr, ecgtis tõ qui äm sd fi hmbudig ti nîh, irh thg scmc fi mh pru fig edh fimcs mibdsmhfc ris. Mhs ûmtdnhs ph mhjrhs fi is ti fds eursc; "Tc fi jc heu shr, yc heusc", ouircg prc-gug edhfhs ig tri dgsumtcs fi hmbu gcs fd pu thfcs. "Hm cîrmcs (iserdjdõ _dbdm fispuäs), yc nd rhjh hnd ph trdh y mi corieîh im sherdodedc fi nd su ordndig tc".

Is thg jrd mmhgti y thg dgcmvdfh jmi im tixtc fim fdseursc fi _d bdm qui, phrh nu e`cs qui hnhgh mh finc erhedh, rifdni h su äpc eh y mh bigi rhedõg fi mh prdni rh hghrquîh ri pu jmdehgh fi jipri sig thrsi hg ti im kudedc odghm pdfdig fc mh hjscmuedõg ecg isi tix tc ig mh nh gc.

Ig mh sisdõg fim 2 fi gc vdin jri im prc yie tc heu shtc rdc oui rie`h zhfc pcr 5? vc tcs ecg trh::. Ig tri qudi gis vc thrcg ig ecg trh is tuvdircg Hgfräs Nhr tîgiz, \i frc Kcsä Omcris, \i frc Jir-nû fiz, Jmhs Kcsä Hmzhnc rh, Nhrdgc Jmhs fi mh Ouigti, Nh guim Yrqud kc.

Hm ecnig thr mh heushedõg, im pirdõfdec codedhmIm Ecgedmdhfcr fd kc; "³Xuä is mc qui ri sumth fimehtèmcbc fi dg orheedcgis htrdjudfhs hm prisdfig ti fi mh Zi pû jmdeh3 ³Ui ig euig trh ig tri immhs mhfi hmbu gh vîetdnh hrrhs trhfh hm ehfhmsc pcr su nhg fh tc c pcr su eh prde`c3 ³Hmbu gh prc pdifhf`h sdfc tc nh fh vdcmigthnig ti pcr ec fdedh c nh mdbgdfhf3 ³Ig ecn pmitc ri pc sc, sdg riei mcs ysdg fhtcs jdig oug fh fcs fi pi mdbrhr mh ixdstig edh fi mh phtrdh, `h sdfc hmmhghfh pcr cr fig su yhhmbu gh ehsh, c hrris thfc hmbûg edufh fh gc3 ³Gcs `h ecn prc ni tdfc pcr nd rhs phrtdeumhris ecgmhs ghedcgis ix trhg kirhs3 ³@h fdmhpdfh fc mh `hedigfh fis ghtu rhmdzhgfc mh mibhm hpmdehedõg fi

ocgfcs3 ³@h fdethfc sig tig edhs kufdedhmis c htrcpi mmhfc fi nh gc hr nh fh h hmbu gh ecr pc rh-edõg3 ³H htigthfc ecg trh mhs Eènh rhs c dgomudfc fd rie th c dgfdrie thnig ti ig qui si ig tcr piz ehsu dgsthmhedõg3 Dgorheedcgis scg is ths euyc fdsdnu mc sirîh im iseèg fh mc fi mh scedifhf y im cprc-jdc fi mcs mibdsmhfc ris1 pi rc sd ugcs hetcs fi ji gi odeig edh y bigi rcsdfhf ind gig ti nig tighedcghmis1 sd hmbu ghs ni fdfhs ecg ocrnis hm is pîrdtu fi mh ndsnh Ecgs tdtuedõg y fi ur big tîsd-nh gi ei sdfhf qui scg dgi vdthjmis ig im ikir ededc fi ug ehr bc thg is pdgc sc y ecn pmdehfc ec ncigcr ni ig su pi sc y ris pcg shjdmdfhf1 sd ugcs mdbi rcs fis vîcs ig äpc ehs jc rrhsec shs y euhgfcim sdmigedc c mh dgsuodedigedh fi mhs miyis gc nd gdstrh ni fdcs ecg qui ecg kurhr mh tcrnig th quihni ghzh sunir bdr mh ghvi fim Is thfc, sd is tcs si ri pu thrhg ec nc erî ni gis sc jri mcs qui fi ji




”Im prctie edcgdsnc oui hbrh rdc ig imsig tdfc fi qui ig ecgtrõ su jh si nèshn pmdh igtri mh vhgbuhrfdh fi mh iec-

gcnîh nir ehgtdm piruhgh fi odgis fi mhEcmcgdh; mcs `heig fh fcs hzu ehri rcs fimhs ecsths fim gcrti, e`h ehri rcs sujur jh-gcs y vdgdeumtc ris qui hjhs ti eîhg mhsgi ei sdfh fis fi Mdnh, mhs ndghs y `hsthmhs tdigfhs fi mhs hmturhs. Mhs guivhs yjh rhths dnpcr thedcgis fi brh gcs, nhg-ti eh, hzûehr, rcg, thjh ec y hmbcfc gis(nuy pc ec ecgcedfhs fu rhgti mh Ecmc-gdh) htigthjhg mithmnig ti ecg trh mcspc tig thfcs ru rhmis fi mcs høcs vidgti yis tc su ei fîh fu rhgti mh erdsds nhsdvh fifi sdgti brhedõg fi trh jh khfc ris y emdig-tis. Nès dn pcr thgti hûg, mcs guivcsphtrc gis fi ec nir edc dgtrc fu edfcs pcriodedigtis nh rdgi rcs trhshtmègtdecs prc-ni tîhg fis trudr im ûmtdnc ecr fõg fisi burdfhf ig mcs nir ehfcs e`d migcs, isihgtdbuc gi xc ecmcgdhm fim trdbc su ri øcecg im hzûehr fim gcrti. Mdnh, mh edufhf,thn jdäg ti gîh ug hbufc dgti räs ig pri-sir vhr mh ctrcrh prõspi rh ecgi xdõg e`dmi-gh. Uu pu khgti emhsi nc mdgi rh y im bri-ndc fi ph ghfi rcs (Mdnh irh mh ehpdthmfim phg fi trdbc fi Hnä rdeh fim Uur)fi pig fîhg fi brhg fis dg vir sdcgis ignc mdgcs phrh im trdbc e`dmigc, sir vdfcspcr mcs in jhr ehfc ris mdni øcs qui nhg-ti gîhg ug omudfc ec nir edc ecg _hmphrhî-sc. Uûjdthnig ti, tc fcs is tcs ehpdthmispir fdi rcg vhmcr pcr mh dgugfh edõg fi

`h rdghs ix trhg kirhs fi jh kc ecstc quimmibhrcg ecg mh isehsiz y jmcquics prc-

fue tc fi mh bui rrh fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh.\h rh 80:9, is tcs y ctrcs dgti ri sis ri sur-bdircg y ecgvir bdircg ig ug sui øcecnir edhm ugdodehfcr; ug ix emuyig ti sds-ti nh fi ec nir edc ribdcghm ecg E`dmi. (...)Yg trhthfc fi ec nir edc ecg E`dmi, phrhfi shmigthr h mcs dgtruscs ecg fi ri e`csfdoirig edhmis, pcfrîh ri vdvdr tcfhs is thsmuerhtdvhs dgfus trdhs (hzûehr, nc mdgcs,trhgspcr ti nh rîtdnc) y prc viir fi ugecrri fcr prc ti bdfc ph rh mh rieupi rhedõgfi mhs imdtis eig trhmis. Mcs ecgtix tcsecmcgdhmis si `hjîhg hmti rhfc (Mdnh djh hsir h`c rh im scedc fi pig fdig ti ig euhm-qudir hmdhgzh pcmîtdec-ecnir edhm). Hughsî, E`dmi mi corieîh ugh emhrh hmtir ghtdvhh mh sûjdth y fc mcrcsh dgti brhedõg h mhiec gcnîh fim Htmègtdec gcr ti pri shbdh-fh pcr mh ehîfh fi Is phøh.

Mhs nhguoheturhs pi ruhghs, pcr su ehmd-fhf, thn jdäg si hf `i rîhg h isth ehush.Mcs thnjh mihgtis y trh fdedcghmis cjrh kispi ruhgcs, is pi edhmdzhfcs ig mc nès tcs ecfi mhs mhghs, ouircg ri ni edfcs pcr sig ed-mmcs tceuycs (fi vdi kc istdmc hsdètdec) prc-ei fig ti fi nc fir ghs oèjrdehs, qui sdb-gdodehrîhg im fishstri ph rh mcs ohjrdehgtishgfdgcs fi rc ph. (...) Ig Mdnh nds nh, mcshgtdbucs bri ndcs hrti shghmis si ugdircghm ecrc, ecg sus pc pumhris y ji mdecscsis trdjdmmcs prctie edcgdsths„.

Vi kdfcs y `h rdghs, ec rhzc gis y nig tis,

Mdnh; Dgstdtutc fi Is tufdcs \i ruhgcs,8404, pp. :8-:5.

UI @H MMIBHFC HHUuNDZ quI VZHU

MH DgFI\IgFIgEDHIM \IZÛ HJZDÕ

VINIZHZDHNIgVIUuU NIZEHFCU H

MCU ECNIZEDHgVIUIxVZHgKIZCU, Ig

\HZVDEuMHZDgBMIUIU. IUVCU

@HJZîHgDgugFHFC IM

NIZEHFC MCEHMMMI_HgFC H MHquDIJZH H MCU\ZCFuEVCZIU

gHEDCgHMIU. ECNCMC FINuIUVZH

\HuM BCCVIgJIZB,IM \IZîCFC quI _HFIUFI IMJCCN

BuHgIZC IU ugCFI IxHMVHFC

\ZCVIEEDCgDUNC.

IM \ZCVIEEDCgDUNC NIZEHgVDM




sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9ri ehir im ohmmc dgixcrhjmi fi mcs mibdsmhfc ris, ig tcgeis si rîh priedsc dr h jusehr qudig gcs bcjdir-gi ig hqui mmhs ribdcgis fcg fi `hy is pîrdtus euycs hmehgeis scg supi rdcris h mh ehphedfhf youirzhs fi mcs nîsi rcs ncr thmis".

MH ECGU\DZHEDÕG FI GC _DINJZI FI 805:.- \c ecs fîhs fis puäs fim fdseursc fi_dbdm, im 88 fi gcvdinjri, si hgug edõ im fiseujrdndig tc fi ugh ecgs pdrhedõg. \rcfu kärcgsigui vhs prdsdcgis fi nd mdthris y fdputhfcs, ig tri immhs, figtrc fi mcs prdni rcs, mh fim bigi rhm JmhsEirfi øh. _dbdm pujmdeõ ug iserdtc gi bhgfc mh phrtdedphedõg qui si fd kc `hjîh ti gdfc ig im ecn-pmct; "Igtdigfh im prisdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh qui nd ehn pc fi jh thmmh is mh trdju gh, y qui oui-rh fi immh scy mc qui sdinpri `i sd fc, mc qui fi ji sir ug edufhfhgc pheîodec".

MH MIT ECGVZH MHU IP\HVZDHEDCGIU HZJDVZHZDHU.- Im Ecgbri sc fi 805:, im nds-nc qui gc si htri vdõ heushr h Bhnh rrh, crfi gõ mh mdjir thf fi mcs ecgspdrhfc ris pri scs iggcvdinjri. Ecg oi e`h : fi gc vdinjri fi hquim høc fdc ugh miy (qui im Ikieutdvc gc prcnumbõ)phrh mcs ehscs fi ix phtrdhedõg sdg ocrnh edõg fi ehush gd sigtig edh fim kuiz ecnpi tig ti. Uibûgis th miy, ghfdi is thjh cjmdbhfc h eun pmdr crfig hmbugh fi mhs hutcrdfhfis fd rdbdfh hm fistdirrcfi hmbûg edufhfhgc sdg qui si hecn phøhrh ecpdh hutcrdzhfh fi mh sigtig edh ikieutcrdhfhecrrispcgfdigti inh ghfh fim kuiz ecnpi tig ti. Vhgtc mcs qui fdisig fde`hs õrfi gis ec nc mcsqui mhs eunpmdirhg pirfi rîhg mh edufhfhgîh y mcs inpmics qui cj tuvdisig y si rîhg rispcgshjmisfi mcs pir kudedcs suordfcs pcr im ixphtrdhfc. Mcs ehpdthgis fi ju quis qui ecg fu kirhg h hmbûgedufhfhgc sdg mh sigtig edh nigedcghfh, si rîhg fi ti gdfcs y fi emhrhfcs pcr pdrhths y su kitcs hmhs miyis qui ehstdbhjhg is ti erdnig euhmqudirh qui ouisi im phji mmõg ecg qui ghvibhrig1 y mcsqui mc `dedirhg pcr tdirrh quifh rîhg su kitcs h mh pigh fi mhfrc gis ohnc scs. Im tixtc fi mh miysi rîh ecmcehfc ig mubhris pûjmdecs ig tc fcs mcs puirtcs y ecnu gdehfh h mcs eõgsumis.

Im ndgdstrc fi Bc jdirgc, Nhguim fim Zîc, `dzc cj sirvhedcgis hm prcyietc hprcjh fc, ig mhgcth qui phsõ hm Ecgbri sc im 5< fi gcvdinjri fi 805:.

Mh prcnumbhedõg fi mh miy hgti fde`h scmc oui mmivhfh h ehjc euhg fc ehn jdõ im bcjdirgc yceupõ mh \risdfig edh fi mh Zipûjmdeh Muds Kcsä fi Cr ji bcsc (5< fi kugdc fi 8056).

MH MIT UCJZI OYIZC ECNÛG \HZH EDIZVCU FIMDVCU.- Vhnjdäg oui prcnumbhfhpcr Crji bcsc (8» fi kumdc fi 8056) mh miy qui igtri bõ hm ouirc ecnûg y gc hm ndmdthr h mcs quihshmthrcg ehstdmmcs, pmhzhs y euhrti mis, shmvc qui immc ceurrdirh ig tdin pc fi bui rrh ecg hmbughghedõg (:< fi gcvdinjri fi 805:). Ecg is th miy quifõ hemhrhfh mh miy 0», tîtumc 88, mdjrc 8: fimh Gcvîsdnh Zi ecpdmhedõg isphøcmh.

Im ndgdstrc fi Bui rrh Kuhg Uhmhzhr mh hjîh cj sirvhfc ig im codedc fi 5< fi gc vdinjri fi 805:.

MH \HMD[H H EHMCZDC. MH ZI\ZIUIGVHEDÕG FI MHNCG KH HMOäZI[ .- Furhgtimh prdni rh hfndgdstrhedõg fi Bhnh rrh, mh mdjir thf fi dn prig th mmibõ hm fisig origc. Kuhg Ehmcrdcirh im fuiøc fi mh dnprig th fcg fi si pu jmdehjh Im Vimäbrhoc fi Mdnh , c sih irh im ifdtcr fi is tifdhrdc. Ig äm hphri eîhg zhodcs hthquis ecg trh mh siøcrh Bhnh rrh ig mh ocrnh fi fdè mcbcs ig trigi brcs. Vhnjdäg hecbdõ rhzcghfhs erîtdehs h mhs prdsdcgis fi gc vdinjri fi 805:. Heu shfc fisi fdedcsc im hrtîeumc "Ecgspdrhedõg fiseujdir th", im trdju ghm fi dnprig th, ig hetdtuf nuy ori-euig ti, fi emhrõ qui gc `h jîh mubhr h ocrnh edõg fi ehush. Ui fd kc qui ish siøcrh nhgfõ cfdrdbdõ h ug brupc fi nd mdthris fdsorhzhfcs qui, ig mh gce`i fim :? fi gc vdinjri fi 805:, ouih ehsh fi Ehmcrdc y mc mmivõ h mh pcrthfh fim Nhrtdgi ti fcg fi mi prcpdgõ ugh phmdzh oircz. Ehmcrdc

IgIZC805:Qpirû

UI oDZNH Ig MHEDuFHF FI HZIquug VZHVHFCHFDEDCgHM IgV\IZÛ T JCMD_DHEuHM IUVHJMIEHuNIgVC FIMIKIZEDVC JCMDFCU NDM @CNJ

HUDNDUNC, UIIUVHJMIEDÕ MMDJIZVHF FI HNgHEDCgIU FIDN\CgIZ H MCUHzÛEHZIU, _DgHT MDECZIU IuZCFIZIE@CU FIVZ gUDVC I

DgVZCFuEEDÕgUIBÛg EZITIZHgECg_IgDIgVI.

6




\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 80 9:

Ig Uu NIgUHKIIg MH UIUDÕg FI

EMHuUuZH FIMECgBZIUC FI

805:, BHNHZZHMMIBÕ H

\ZIUIgVHZ ECgoZHgquIzH IM

UCNJZîC EuHFZCFI MH UDVuHEDÕg

FIgVZC FI MHquI UI

IgECgVZHJH. FIIUVI NCFC _DgC

H @HEIZ ugHIU\IEDI FI

ZIouVHEDÕg HMoHNCUC

FDUEuZUC FI_DBDM.

y su ispcsh si pri sig thrcg hgti im Ecgbri sc ecg nc tdvc fim htigthfc. Mh riscmuedõg mibdsmhtdvhfim :0 fi gc vdinjri cr fi gõ phshr hm Ikieutdvc mcs rieurscs crdbdghmis phrh qui ouisig ig vdhfcsh ug kuiz fi prdni rh dgsthgedh ecg mh odghmdfhf fi qui dgd edhrh, susthgedhsi y sig tig edhrh mh ehu-sh ecrrispcgfdigti, fhg fc euig th fdhrdh fim prcbri sc fi sus he tuhedcgis. Im Ikieutdvc fi vcmvdõis th riscmuedõg. Hmibõ qui im ouirc fi jîh sir ehstrig si, puis mh siøcrh Ehmcrdc hodrnh jh qui

ndmdthris h jîhg dgtir vigdfc ig im htrcpi mmc. Vhnjdäg cj kitõ mh crfig fi qui im kuiz fdi rh euig-th fdhrdh hm Ecgbri sc fi sus prc vdfig edhs.Ctrh nhgi rh fi `cs tdmdzhr h fcøh \hge`h oui mmivhr hm tihtrc mh ecni fdh fim vdi kc hutcr is ph-

øcm Kuhg \äriz fi Ncg thmvèg scjri fc øh Ehthmdgh fi Irhu zc, Mh Ncg kh Hmoäriz . Isth ripri sig th-edõg ioietuhfh im 8: fi fdedin jri fi 805< ecg pir ndsc y hsdstig edh fim vdeipri sdfig ti MhOuigti, qui fõ muibc prc`djdfh pcr äm ndsnc, sdg fufh jh kc mcs ioietcs fi ugh dgtdndfhedõg.

MH ZIU\YIUVH FI BHNHZZH H _DBDM IG IM NIGUH KI HM ECGBZIUC FI 805:.- Igsu nig sh ki ig mh sisdõg fi emhusurh fim Ecgbri sc fi 805:, Bhnh rrh mmibõ h pri sig thr ecg orhg-qui zh im scnjrîc euhfrc fi mh sdtuhedõg figtrc fi mh qui si igecgtrhjh. Fi is ti nc fc vdgc h`heir ugh ispi edi fi ri outhedõg hm ohnc sc fdseursc fi _dbdm. Mh hetdtuf fim Isthfc irh "ni gcsdnpctig ti fi mc qui fi jdi rh rispie tc fim ixtrhg kirc". Heie`hjhg hm \irû mc injh tis gc sc mcfi mh fdsecrfdh fcnäs tdeh, sdgc thn jdäg fi "mhs dgsdfdhs ixtir ghs" qui pritig fîhg scehvhr impris tdbdc fi mh hfndgdstrhedõg y fiscrbhgdzhr mh Zipûjmdeh rifu edägfc mh h mh ecgfdedõg mhstdnc-sh fi hf ndtdr ecnc ug ji gi odedc mh dgtir vig edõg fisfi houi rh. Mh orhgeh ixpri sdõg fim pigsh-ndig tc gc `h jîh sdfc eche thfh. Ytdmdzègfc mh, si vdmdpig fdhjh hm Bcjdirgc ecg mh nès isehgfh-mcsh prcehedfhf y si mi heushjh "pcr nh mis qui gc `hjîh ehushfc y qui sus htrdju edcgis gc mipir ndtig ri ni fdhr". Mhs miyis gc mi fhjhg oheumthf phrh tigir iminig tcs ecg qui ri prdndr mhsprcvcehedcgis si fdedcshs y riphrhr mhs coigshs qui si mi prcfdbhjh ni fdhgti im "isehrndig tcdgohmdjmi y cpcrtugc". H tcfc immc si hbribhg mh pcstrhedõg fi mh `hedigfh pûjmdeh y im sdmigedcfim Ecgbri sc origti h immh "yh sih phrh gc rihbrhvhr mcs dnpuis tcs, yh pcr gc in prig fir ecgodrni zh riocrnhs rhfdehmis, c yh pcr gc sircs pcsdjmi fi sig ri fhr im ignh rhøhfc ehcs fi mhmibdsmhedõg rigtîstdeh". "Ni fi kèds rcfih fc (hbri bh Bhnh rrh) fi ugh guji fi herii fc ris y hbrh-edhfcs, sdg rieurscs ecg quä hehmmhr sus pmibhrdhs y shtdsoheir mcs firi e`cs qui mis `hjäds fi emh-rhfc1 ecn prdndfc pcr mcs inpmihfcs ig mcs fdoirig tis rhncs fi mh hfndgdstrhedõg, sdg shjireõnc ph bhrmis mh ûgdeh rigth fi qui suj sdstig…".

MHU \ZDUDCGIU T \IZUIEYEDCGIU H ECNDIG[CU FI 8055.-Uibûg hodrnõ ugh dgocrnh-edõg codedhm, im 86 fi nhrzc fi 8055 fi jdi rcg eumndghr mcs pmhgis phrh hsisdghr hm prisdfig tiBhnh rrh ig im Ehmmhc y tcnhr mhs ocrthmizhs, h mc euhm djh h sibudr ug mivhgthndig tc ig Mdnh.Ig tri mcs kiois fi mh ecg kurh oui sdgfdehfc im tigdigti ec rcgim Oimdpi Uhgtdhbc Uhmhvirry, qui isifîh si h jîh sig thfc hg ti mh nish fim \risdfig ti. Hmbugcs fi mcs ncg tcgi rcs qui djhg h sujmi-vhr mhs prcvdgedhs fim fiphrthnig tc fi Mdnh ouircg fdspir shfcs c hpri shfcs1 ctrcs ecni tdircg

oie`c rîhs ig mcs hmri fi fc ris fi mh ehpdthm ig gcnjri Vi mmirîh y fi Zdvh-Hbýirc. Uhmhvirry quifõpri sc hugqui gi bõ ecg vi `i nig edh mhs dgeumphedcgis qui si mi `dedircg, h mh viz qui `heîh virsu rhfdehm cpcsdedõg hm räbdnig. \c ec fis puäs oui hprishfc Nh guim Vimmirîh, prisdfig ti dgti rdgcfi mh Zipûjmdeh hmbugcs ni sis hgtis, y si mi ixphtrdõ. Zdvh-Hbýirc oui pirsi budfc, tu vc quiis ecgfir si y oubõ muibc hm ixtrhg kirc.

MHU UIFDEDCGIU H NIFDHFCU T ODGIU FI 8055.- Im :6 fi kumdc fi 8055 isthmmõ ug nctîgndmdthr ig mh edufhf fi Hyh eue`c ig ehji zhfc pcr ugcs eh pdthgis, prcjh jminig ti pcr nc tdvcsmcehmis. Ouircg hsisdghfcs im prioietc fim fi phrthnig tc y im ecnhg fhg ti fi mh buhrgdedõg.




Im cjdspc hriqudpiøcecgvdrtdõ ig fdputhf pcr Mdnh ig 8064. Uinjhrbc, sudgtirvigedõg ig mh pcmîtdeh piruhgh sidgdedõ fisfi mh f ehhgtirdcr. Ig 8054 siigehrbõ fi mh fdrieefi mh Jdjmdctieh Gh y fisfi im pûmpdtc `mmhnhfcs h mh riocfim Isthfc, trhs mhnuirti fi HbustîgBhnhrrh.

JHZVCMCNä@IZZIZH (80<

Bhnh rrh y su ndgdstrc fi Bui rrh, \ifrc Jir nû fiz (im ndsnc Jir nû fiz qui Bh nh rrh fis ti rrh-rh ig 80:4, kugtc ecg Mh Nhr), hecrrhmhrcg h mcs oheedcscs y mcs fi rrcthrcg ig ug ecn jh ti ig imei rrc fi \umtuge`hrh, eireh fi @uhgth (89 fi hbcstc). Mcs ehji edmmhs qui mmibhrcg h sir hprish-fcs ouircg ousdmhfcs1 h hmbugcs codedhmis si mis ecgfi gõ h prisdfdc1 ctrcs si dgtir ghrcg ig mhsncg thøhs. Gc oui isth mh ûgdeh sifdedõg. H nifdhfcs fi gc vdinjri fi 8055, im Bcjdirgc hgug-

edõ qui `hjîh hjcr thfc ig im Ehmmhc ugh ecg kurh euyc cj kitc, sibûg si hsi virõ, irh prcemhnhrh Zdvh-Hbýirc y ig mh qui fd kc `hjîhg phrtdedphfc fcs ndin jrcs fi mh Ecgvig edõg Ghedcghm.Ecgodghfc hm crdigti, pcr `h jir is erdtc fis fi h prdsdõg ug ourdjug fc mdji mc, Uhmhvirry si

sujmivõ ig E`he`hpcyhs1 oui hprishfc y si hpc fi rõ fi mh trcph qui mc eustcfdhjh. Im Bcjdirgcfi Mdnh nhg fõ ouirzhs h rifu edrmc1 y ig im mubhr mmhnh fc Bhrdth fi Nc eì (`cy puir tc Uhmh-virry) im rijimfi oui vig edfc. Ig tri 8.6<< ecnjh tdigtis, ù jc nès fi 9<< nuir tcs fi hn jcsmhfcs (84 fi gc vdinjri fi 8055). Uhmhvirry isehpõ y ehyõ ig nh gcs fi sus pir si budfc ris. Ouimdjir thfc pcr im kioi fi immcs, im ecrcgim Orhgedsec fi _dfhm, qui gc qudsc eun pmdr mh crfig fiousdmhrmc y hgtis jdig, mc ceumtõ ig su fcr ndtcrdc sibûg euig th ig sus ni nc rdhs. Ui fdrdbdõ mui-bc hm Ieuhfcr, pi rc ig mh trhvisîh `dzc vhrdhr im runjc fim jhr ec y fi sin jhr eõ ctrh viz phrhecgspdrhr. Nès thrfi, hm dgdedhr su bcjdirgc, Uhmhvirry pirsdbudõ fi nuir ti h _dfhm.

Euhgfc hpi ghs ohmthjhg pc ecs ni sis phrh qui ecgemuyisi mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi Bhnh rrh,ig tc fc im fi phrthnig tc fi Mdnh omcri eîhg mhs phrtdfhs fi ncg tcgi rcs qui `h jîhg tc nh fc imgcn jri fi Zd vh-Hbýirc.

MH FIOIGUH FIM CZFIG \CZ MH _IZFHF T CVZCU \IZDÕFDECU CODEDHMIU. UYUFDOIZIGEDHU ECG IM \IGUHNDIGVC FI JHZVCMCNä @IZZIZH.- Origti h mcs prdged-pdcs mdji rhmis qui irhg mcs qui `hjîhg trdugohfc ig mhs ecgstdtuyig tis fi 80:: y 80:0, si dr budõfu rhgti mh prdni rh hfndgdstrhedõg fi Bhnh rrh, pcr prdni rh viz, ig ocrnh fi sin jc zhfh y pcmä-ndeh ig guis trc pi rdcfdsnc, mh ticrîh fim "bcjdirgc ouirti" qui `h jîh sdfc fi oigfdfh ig mh trd-ju gh fi mh Ucedifhf \h trdõtdeh pcr im emärdbc Nc rigc hm prcpdedhr mh oõrnu mh ncgèrqudeh igtcg-eis codedhm1 ig im ocmmitc pcr Ncg tihbufc hm `heir mh risi øh fi su jri vi, hutcerîtdeh y cfdhfhhfndgdstrhedõg ndgdsti rdhm1 ig mh mdti rhturh ecgstdtuedcghmdsth pcr mcs pmhgis pc mîtdecs fi Jc mîvhry pcr mcs prdgedphmis fceunig tcs qui mcs sieugfhrcg; mh "Ipîstcmh h \rõspi rc" fi Kcsä Nhrîh fi\hg fc, y mh "Ixpcsdedõg" fi Ji gdtc Mhsc. H`crh mh ticrîh fim bcjdirgc ouirti si fis pc kh fi fis-munjrhg tis pirs pie tdvhs; gc is mh fioigsh fi mh ncghrquîh gd fi mh \risdfig edh vdthmdedh. Ixigthfi hn jdedcshs utcpîhs, vigedfh euhgfc qudsc dnpmhgthrmhs fispuäs fim prdnir y fim ûmtdncipdscfdc fi mh ehnphøh fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh, si ecgtig th ecg ec`c gis thr mcs hetcs fi ugbcjdirgc hrjdtrhrdc.

Mh fioigsh fim bcjdirgc ouirti ì e`h pcr mcs pirdõfdecs Im Ecgedmdhfcr yMh _irfhf ig Mdnh,Im Hthmh yh fim Euzec, Mh Cmdvh fi Hyheue`c , prdgedphmnig ti, is tuvc qudzès dgspdrhfh y ig phrtiri fhe thfh pcr Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc, qudig hgèmcbhs dfihs ùjc fi fi shrrcmmhr nès thrfi ig sus\ig shndigtcs scjri nc rhm y pcmîtdeh. Fde`h fi oigsh prisig tõ hquî ug ehrèetir hgõgdnc y pi rdc-fîstdec y si fdstdgbudõ pcr mhs bhmhgurh y im ehstdedsnc fi su is tdmc. Vuvc thn jdäg ug cj kitdvc

dgni fdhtc y edreugserdtc, gc ug ehrèetir bi gärdec c tic rätdec1 istuvc ixig th fi pric euphedcgisrimdbdcshs, emirdehmis y prcvdfig edhmdsths1 ehri edõ hfinès fi is pîrdtu fi hpcs tcmhfc1 gc eudfõ fidgodmtrhrsi ig mh igsi øhgzh fi mh kuvig tuf. \cr tc fc is tc si fdoirig edhg \hgfc y su brupc fiJhrtcmcnä @i rrirh, qudig fispuäs fi `h jir sdfc hehmmhfc is ti fi jh ti pcr im rudfc fi mhs hrnhsig mcs fdiz høcs sdbudigtis, hphri ei sc jri im oäri trc fi Bh nh rrh, ig su sirnõg fi mh Ehti frhmig 80:6, dnpõgi si h mh kuvig tuf fi Uhg Ehrmcs, si ixdji fi shodhgti ig im sirnõg fim :0 fi kumdc fi 806?, hsî ecnc ig mh trdju gh phrmhnig thrdh y ig im pirdcfdsnc eh tõmdec. Odmcsõodeh, prc-vdfig edhmdsth, hpcstõmdeh, emirdehm, sdsti nh tdzhfh ig mh eèti frh y ig im pûmpdtc, mh fcetrdgh fi@irrirh si dfigtdodeh, sdg injhrbc, ecg mh fi \hgfc y sus hndbcs pcr im vhmcr prdncr fdhm qui fh



9???????????

vvvvvv vvvvvvvv


hm crfig, pcr mh fisecgodhgzh hgti mh cjrh crhtcrdh fi mcs Ecgbri scs, pcr im hoèg fi hnpmdhr mhougedcgis fim Ikieutdvc.

\hrh mcs ifdtcris fi Im Ecgedmdhfcr y Mh _irfhf , im emhncr ph rh qui im Ikieutdvc cj sirvhrh mhEcgstdtuedõg irh dg kustc pcrqui si qui rîh qui scmc im Ikieutdvc si scni tdisi h immh, ndigtrhs mcsctrcs pcfi ris y emhsis scedhmis si inhgedphjhg. Ig ehn jdc, mh heedõg fim Ikieutdvc fi ji sir mh

nès igär bdeh pcr sir mh nès pirnh gig ti y mh nès hnpmdh (G¼ 8 fiMh _irfhf ). Vcfc phr ti fi suhutcrdfhf ig tri gc sctrcs1 pirc h äm si mi ixdbig cjmdbhedcgis ndig trhs mcs finès sõ mc riemhnhgbhrhgtîhs eujrdägfc si hsî mcs sifdedcscs (G¼ 2). Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0, ecnc tc fhs mhs Ecgs-tdtuedcgis mdji rhmis, `hjîhsi ix ei fdfc ig mhs ristrdeedcgis. Vhgtc vhmfrîh pcgir ig mh sdmmh prisd-fig edhm ug nuøi ec fi nh fi rh ecnc ecg fi ghr h ug cn jri hm èspi rc trhjh kc fi bcjir ghr ughghedõg ecg thgtcs dnpi fdnig tcs. Im `cgcr fi sir pri sdfig ti si vcmvîh `crrigfh ehrbh hgti mcspi mdbrcs y tcrnig tcs (G¼ :2 y sdbudigtis). Mh hutcrdfhf sc mc si puifi ikir eir mibhmnig ti euhg-fc si su pcgi mh iqudfhf y mh puri zh ig tcfcs (G¼ 9). "Xuirincs qui mh hutcrdfhf tig bh trhjhseuhgfc ecg immhs si puifi cjrhr tc fc im jdig phrh im euhm `h sdfc irdbdfh, pi rc khnès dgnc mh-rincs h tic rîhs ni thoîsdehs, h iserûpumcs puirdmis gd h riei mcs ohgtèstdecs mh dgfi pig fig edh fimh ghedõg, mh dgti brdfhf fi su ti rrdtcrdc gd im fiecrc fi su jhg fi rh" (G¼ 4). \hrh hmbugcs, im mdji-rhmdsnc fi oîgi si ec nc im prurdtc fi sig orighfc fi hth ehr im pcfir ig tc fc tdin pc (G¼ 59)."Fisfi mh ehîfh fi Gh pcmiõg, mhs ticrîhs pcmîtdehs `hg prcbri shfc ix trhcrfdghrdhnig ti1 pirc imhrti fi bc jir ghr `h pirfdfc ti rrigc. Mhs dfihs pcpumhris ougfhfhs ig mh kustdedh y ig mh ghturh-mizh `hg trhsphshfc sus mîndtis ghturhmis y kustcs y mh heedõg hfndgdstrhtdvh si `h ig ecgtrhfcig tcrpi edfh pcr ugh is pi edi fi pu fcr qui mi dnpdfi e`c ehr ecg mh phsdcgis fi nc fh" (G¼ 59).Udinpri `hg hnh fc mcs `cn jris mh mdjir thf. Ig im sdbmc PDP, mcs prcbri scs fi mh rhzõg `hg fis-eujdir tc ugh fce trdgh qui ohvcri ei hmthnig ti hqui mmh prifdspcsdedõg; mcs `cnjris qui gcpdigshg c pdigshg nhm, ig mubhr fi sc ni tir hquim hncr h mh rhzõg, `hg `i e`c qui mh fcndgi,y hsî mh mdjir thf is, h sus ckcs, im fisig origc fi mhs phsdcgis y mh oheumthf fi `h eir ehfh ugc mcqui qudirh. Fi h`î ugh eèodmh fi irrcris; mh dgoirdcrdfhf fim Ikieutdvc hgti im Mibdsmhtdvc, mhs ohmshsgcedcgis sc jri mh scji rhgîh, im ohmsc fi ri e`c fi fi pcgir h mcs qui nhgfhg. Im crfig is mh prd-ni rh giei sdfhf fi mcs pui jmcs1 is priedsc qui `h yh crfig h tc fh ecsth y euhgfc is tèg igecgomdetc im crfig y mh mdji rhf c mh mdjir thf ei fi c mh ghedõg piri ei (G¼ 6:). Ud ig Dgbmhti rrh mhecgscmdfhedõg fim crfig fh th scmc fi ug sdbmc y nifdc, sd ig Orhgedh gc `h `hjdfc Bc jdirgcqui gc si sh mdirh fi mhs miyis, ecnc ixdbdr ig im \irû ug edibc ris pi tc h immhs euhgfc gc `hyifu ehedõg, prdgedpdc, `èjdtcs fi mdjir thf (G¼ 8).

Ecrcmhrdc fi is ths dfihs irh mh fi qui mh hrds tcerhedh gc irh ugh dgstdtuedõg sdgc ugh gi ei sd-fhf. @dstõrdehnig ti si `h jîh jh shfc ig fd oirig tis ehushs mh hrdstcerhedh; h`crh fi jîh sir mhhrdstcerhedh fim shjir (G¼ :5). Mh pcmîtdeh, hfinès, is ugh edigedh fdoîedm hugqui nu e`cs si erihgcn gdshpdigtis (G¼52).

Ig mc qui hthøi hm Mibdsmhtdvc, mhs phmhjrhs fi Mh _irfhf irhg erui mis. Mh ougis th fce trdghfi mh cngdpctig edh phrmhnig thrdh is mh bhgbri gh fi mhs ghedcgis. Uu prurdtc is sc jri pcgir-si hm Bcjdirgc ecnc sd im Bcjdirgc ouirh su dbuhm y mmivhr im prdgedpdc fi mh dgvdcmhjdmdfhf hmpugtc fi fi bi gi rhr ig dgohmdjdmdfhf1 pi rc im fispctdsnc gc is tè ni rhnig ti ig ugc sc mc y

fi tc fcs mcs bägi rcs fi fis pc tdsnc, fis puäs fim qui ikirei im pcpumhe`c, im picr is im quisi hrrcbh ugh hshnjmih ecnpuis th fi iminig tcs thg fds ecrfhg tis ec nc mcs qui si riû gigig guis trcs ecgbri scs (G¼ 94). Mhs mibdsmhturhs fi hqui mmh äpceh si ceuphjhg ig ix ei sc fieuis tdcgis phrtdeumhris. Mh fiscrbhgdzhedõg fim tiscrc, mh ndsi rdh fi mh hbrdeumturh, im hjhgfc-gc fim ecnir edc, im htrhsc fi mh ifuehedõg, mi priceuphjh ni gcs dgemusdvi hm siøcr _dbdm. Uuougedõg nès dnpcrthgti, im mmhnh fc "pc fir fi mh jcmsh" thnpcec `h jîh sdfc eun pmdfh, puisis im ndgdstrc fi @hedigfh pri sig tõ hm Ecgbri sc fi 805:, im isthfc ig jcs qui kc fi mcs dgbri-scs y gc `ujc fd puthfc qui pri bugthsi su dgvirsdõg, nhgdoistõ im fäodedt y gc oui jusehfcim hrjdtrdc phrh mmighrmc (G¼ :).

Hjcbhfc hriqudpiøcqui phrtdedpõ

hetdvhnigti ig mh pcmîtdeh piruhgh. Oui im

codedhm prdnirc fi mhUierithrîh fim Ecgbrisc

fi 80::. Muibc,sierithrdc fi mh

mibhedõg piruhgh igMcgfris (80:9-80:2),

ndgdstrc ig fdstdgtcsribînigis (805<, 8058,

8065), fdputhfc pcrEcgfisuycs (8055) y

ndinjrc fi mh EcrtiUuprinh (805? y 8050).

\IFZC HGVCGDC MHVCZZI (80<8-8065)




Vhrhphquiøc fighedndigtc y outurc prisdfigti, tuvc ughjrdmmhgti ehrrirh ndIg 80:: si dgecrpcrõ hehush dgfipigfigtdsth phrtdedpõ ig mh jht Hyheue`c ecg mcs @fi Kugîg. Furhgti mh buirrh ecg mh BrhgEcmcnjdh crbhgdzõ risirvh fi scmfhfcs fi Hriqudph, edufhf fcfiseujrdõ mh ecgspdfi Uhgth Eruz phrhfisdgtibrhr im \irû.

ZHNÕG EHU(8242-80?2)

Mh _irfhf ig trõ, hfi nès, ig ugh ix tig sh erîtdeh, hrtîeumc pcr hrtîeumc, fi mh Ecgstdtuedõgfi 80:0 (G¼ :2 y sdbudigtis). Uu prdnir fi oietc irh im ixei sc fi hr tîeumcs pcr `hjir dgemudfcnh ti rdhs ribmhnig thrdhs qui fijdi rcg sir cj kitc fi miyis crbègdehs1 hugqui ctrcs hrtîeumcsixdbîhg ishs miyis qui gc si `h jîhg fdethfc. Vigîh hfi nès, fi oietcs fi ri fheedõg, bhmdeds-ncs, vhbui fh fis, pmicghsncs. Ig ri sunig, hphr ti fi dg guni rhjmis erîtdehs fi fi thmmi, dgsds-

tdõ ig im ixei sc fi ris trdeedcgis hm Ikieutdvc y mh dgutdmdfhf fi mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis,dgstrunig tcs odsehmis pcr ug mhfc y hshn jmihs ripri sig thtdvhs pcr ctrc, h vieis ecg phpim fibc jir ghgtis, h vieis ni rcs euirpcs edigtîodecs. @hjîhg sdfc tc nh fhs fi mh Ecgstdtuedõgis phøcmh mh euhm mhs sheõ fim räbdnig dn pi rdhm orhgeäs euyc cj kitc ig bi gi rhm y hquî ig phr-tdeumhr, `hjîh sdfc hg tdtätdec hm sigtdfc qui si mis fdc ig im \irû, puis irh numtdpmdehr `hsth mcsunc mcs hbigtis fim pcfir. Hmufdõ, dbuhmnig ti hm Ecgsi kc fi Is thfc, cr bhgdsnc tc nh fc fimh crbhgdzhedõg ncgèrqudeh hugqui mcs ndsncs mibdsmhfc ris `h jîhg ec pdhfc im vctc ehsd ugd-virshm fi mh crbhgdzhedõg finc erètdeh purh y fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi mcs Isthfcs Ygdfcs `h jîhgfi rdvhfc mh ecgodburhedõg fim \cfir Iki eutdvc sdg ecgsdfi rhr qui im prisdfig ti fi hquim phîsgc is im ûgdec eig trc fi Bc jdirgc, ecnc ceu rri ig im \i rû, puis mh heedõg bujir ghtdvh istèhmmè fdstrdjudfh ig mcs Isthfcs oifi rhmis (G¼ ?9). Im crdbig mibdsmhtdvc y mh oheumthfis hf ndgds-trhtdvhs, odsehmis, eigscrdhmis y ecgsumtdvhs fim Ecgsi kc fi Is thfc "riu gdõg fi `cn jris fi fd-ehfcs h ecg trhfi edr", irhg ugh ncgstrucsdfhf.

Ig euhgtc h mh pcmîtdeh fim ncnig tc, ti gîhg fis fäg y jur mh hgti mh dgsdbgdodehgedh y mh prc-ehedfhf fi mh cpcsdedõg.

Gc fi eîhg qui im Bcjdirgc irh dghthehjmi gd thnpcec `hmhbhjhg h Bhnh rrh fisni fdfh-nig ti. Miyis pc ec pri ni fdthfhs, dgemusdvi mh Ecgstdtuedõg, im hdsmhndig tc fim Ikieutdvc, mh ecg-fdedõg ndsnh fi mh scedifhf pi ruhgh, `hjîhg dnpi fdfc, si bûg immcs, h hquim räbdnig `h eirnès fi mc pcec qui `h jîhg i e`c1 pirc ecn phrègfc si ecg mcs hgti rdcris y ecg ctrcs fi Hnä-rdeh ncs trèjhg si shtdsoie`cs. \cr mc finès, fi eîhg qui `hjîh htig fdfc h mh prdni rh cjmdbhedõgfim Isthfc qui irh mh ecgsirvhedõg fi mh scedifhf". Ui `c rrcrdzhjhg pcr mc qui phshrîh pcr imtrdugoc fi mcs mdji rhmis ecg sus utcpîhs y ecg sus rigecris qui thg tc ohvcri eîhg h mh igoirni fhfhni rdehgh fi mhs rivcmuedcgis.

IM UDBGDODEHFC FIM \ZDNIZ BCJDIZGC FI BHNHZZH.- Mhs vdcmigedhs fi mh mue`hpcmîtdeh mmivhrcg hm bcjdirgc fi Bh nh rrh gc scmc h fisti rrhr hm vdeipri sdfig ti Mh Ouigti ig8058 sdgc thn jdäg, h prdgedpdcs fi 8055, h qudig fijîh ceu phr isi ehrbc ig su riin pmhzc, impri sdfig ti fim Uighfc Vi mmirîh. Igtri mcs guni rcscs ind brhfcs qui ig tcgeis `u jc, ecg tcsithn jdäg im ehufdmmc Zdvh-Hbýirc. \i rc, h pishr fi mhs dgei shgtis su jmivhedcgis y ecg kurhs quisurbdircg ig su ecg trh, Bhnh rrh pufc pir fu rhr. Fisfi qui mmibõ hm pcfir, `h jîh si `i e`cgcthr pcr sus guni rcshs prcpuis ths fi hseig scs h bigi rhmis y ctrcs brhfcs fi hmth kirhrquîh.\rcg tc eriõ ugh vir fh fi rh cmdbhrquîh ndmdthr. \cr ug `è jdm niehgdsnc, mcs kiois prcvdgedhmisy fi euir pc qui fh rcg ecg nh gcs mdjris ph rh hetuhr, h ehnjdc fi su su ndsdõg hm Bcjdirgc1Bhnh rrh phbhjh hfi nès mcs sirvdedcs ecg ohvcris ig mcs suimfcs, ig mcs in pmics y ig mcs

hseig scs1 y sd mcs kiois vdbdmhjhg h mcs codedhmis, mcs codedhmis vdbdmhjhg h mcs kiois pcr mc euhmhjug fh jhg im ispdcgh ki y mh fimhedõg.Mcs fcs brhgfis igi ndbcs qui Bhnh rrh tuvc ig su prdni rh hfndgdstrhedõg, ouircg Uhgth

Eruz y mcs mdji rhmis. Immc gc dnpmdeh cmvdfhr su mue`h ecg trh Mh Ouigti, Zdvh-Hbýirc y ctrcs ehu-fdmmcs1 pirc mh dnpcrthgedh hfqudrdfh pcr Uhgth Eruz ecnc pri sdfig ti fi Jc mdvdh y mh dgomuigedhqui mcs mdji rhmis mmibhrcg h ikireir sc jri mh cpdgdõg pûjmdeh, ixpmdehg su nhycr sdbgdodehedõg.Uhgth Eruz ripri sig thjh ugh hsi e`hgzh dgtir ghedcghm qui Bhnh rrh qudsc fis trudr hgtis fi quitcnh rh nhycr vcmunig, sd jdig oui ecgti gdfc pcr im Ecgbri sc. Mh finh bcbdh dgtir gh gc irhni gcs pi mdbrcsh y hehjõ pcr vig eir h Bhnh rrh. \cr isc, im prdnir pi rîcfc fi is ti bc jir ghgti




Oui hyufhgti fi UhgNhrtîg furhgti im

\rctietcrhfc. Ig 80:4,muibc fi ikireir mh

prioieturh fi mh ecsth,oui imibdfc sighfcr pcr

Mdnh y mmibõ h sir prisdfigti fim

Ecgbrisc. Vhnjd ghsundõ mh \risdfigedh prcvdscrdh fim phîs igfcs cehsdcgis, pcr im

hmikhndigtc fi MhOuigti, prdnirc, y pcr

im fi Bhnhrrh, fispu s.

HGFZäU ZITIU(820<-809?)

pcfrîh sir ehrheti rdzhfc ec nc gh edcghmdsnc hu tcrdthrdc. T sd si istufdh jdig, hphriei, fi is tinc fc, ig ugh ri mhedõg mõbdeh ecg mh sibugfh hf ndgdstrhedõg fim ndsnc ehu fdmmc.

Fcs scg mcs ncnig tcs hutcrdthrdcs qui ehji si øhmhr `hsth im prdnir bc jdirgc fi Bh nh-rrh; im ncghrqudsnc fi Uhg Nhr tîg y im \mhg fi \risdfig edh vdthmdedh fi Jcmîvhr. Origti h immcssi `h jîhg hmzhfc gî tdfh nig ti fcs nc nig tcs mdji rhmis; im Ecgbri sc Ecgstdtuyig ti fi 80:: y

im Ecgbri sc Ecgstdtuyig ti fi 80:2-80:0. Nès qui pcr rh zcgis fce trdghrdhs, pcr edreugsthg-edhs fi pcmîtdeh dgtir ghedcghm, im räbdnig mdji rhm erihfc ig 80:2-80:0, si `h jîh fi rrun jh fcni fdhgti mh heedõg fim ndmdthrdsnc, y `h jîh surbdfc ig 80:4 mh \risdfig edh fi Bhnh rrh. Ouiimmh, hsî, im tireir nc nig tc hutcrdthrdc. Mcs hutcrdthrdcs (is fiedr mcs qui pritig fîhg, hgtitcfc, mh ecgscmdfh edõg fim crfig, im rcjus ti edndig tc fim prdgedpdc fi hutcrdfhf y mh phz quiecgfu kirh hm prcbri sc), yh gc si dmusdcghrcg ig 80:4-8055 ecg vhsths qudni rhs, ecnc imnc ghrqudsnc fi 80:8 c mh \ri sdfig edh vdthmdedh fi 80:?. Ui ecgtig thrcg ecg ug "bcjdirgcouirti", sdg dgtig thr sdqudirh nc fdodehr mh Ecgstdtuedõg mdji rhm, pigshgfc qudzè qui `h jîh quihpcyhr h Bhnh rrh, gc thgtc pcr mcs euhgtdcscs jdigis qui is thjh ig ecg fdedcgis fi `h eir hmphîs, ecnc pcr mcs fi sõrfi gis y pi mdbrcs qui ivdthjh.

MHU FDIEDUDIVI ECGU\DZHEDCGIU ECGVZH BHNHZZH.- Ui `dzc pûjmdec pcr vhrdhs pir-scghs furhgti im prdnir pi rîcfc fi Bh nh rrh qui is ti hodrnh jh `h jir ti gdfc qui fi ji mhrfu rhgti euhtrc høcs 86 ecgspdrhedcgis y mivhgthndig tcs. Im siøcr Fhgti @irrirh Hmhreõg, qui`h is tufdhfc ecg fi thmmi isth äpceh, erii qui oui rcg 82. Immhs sirîhg;8) Mh ecgspdrhedõg shgtheruedgh fi Hri qudph, qui fis truyircg ig ugh heedõg privig tdvh mcsecrcgi mis Hnht y Miõg y Istrhfh y im tigdigti ec rcgim Zhnõg Ehstdmmh, im 4 fi hbcstc fi 80:4.:) Mh riji mdõg dgdedhfh ig im Euzec pcr Bribcrdc Isecji fc im :? fi hbcs tc fi 805<.5) Mhs hsie`hgzhs fi Mh Ouigti, ecrthfhs, sibûg si fd kc, pcr su fipcsdedõg im 8? fi hjrdm fi 8058.6) Im nctîg fi mh ecrji th Mdjir thf im :? fi kugdc fi 8058.9) Im nctîg fim jirbhgtîg Ecgbrisc im :? fi hbcstc fi 8058.?) Mh ecgspdrhedõg fi Dbuhîg qui fdc mubhr h mh prdsdõg fi is ti, fi Ehs tdmmh y fi ctrhs pirscghs im8¼ fi igi rc fi 805:.2) Mh sujmivhedõg fim ehpdtèg Oimdpi Zcssim im 80 fi nhrzc fi 805:.0) Mh ecgspdrhedõg fim bigi rhm Eirfi øh, fis eujrdirth im 88 fi gcvdinjri fi 805: fhg fc mubhrh fdvirshs prdsdcgis.4) Mh ecgspdrhedõg fi gcvdinjri fi 805: qui fdc mu bhr h mh prdsdõg fim bigi rhm Jmhs Eirfi øh.8<) Mh riji mdõg qui fijdõ isthmmhr im 86 fi nhrzc fi 8055.88) Mh riji mdõg fi Hyheue`c dgdedhfh im :6 fi kumdc fi 8055.8:) Mh riji mdõg fi Uhmhvirry ig E`he`hpcyhs im 85 fi sitdin jri fi 8055.85) Ygh ecgspdrhedõg ig \durh qui ig ehji zõ im ecrcgim Ndbuim Fimbhfc y oui fis eujdirth im 8?fi si tdin jri fi 8055.86) Ygh dgsurrieedõg ig @uhe`c dgdedhfh ecg im hsisdghtc fim sujpri oietc Hgfräs Oh khrfc yctrcs bhnh rrdsths im 82 fi sitdin jri fi 8055.

89) Mh sujmivhedõg fi Uhmhvirry ig Eh khnhr eh im :? fi cetujri fi 8055.8?) Ygh ecgspdrhedõg rdvhbýi rdgh fis eujdir th ig im Ehmmhc im 88 fi gcvdinjri fi 8055.82) Ygh sifdedõg igehji zhfh pcr Gis thris ig E`hg ehy im 8? fi gcvdinjri fim 8055

Fi is ths hbdthedcgis ugh tuvc mubhr ig 80:4, ugh ig 805<, tris pirti gi eig h 8058, euhtrc h805: y ce`c h 8055.

Ud si tcnh ig euig th qui mcs nctdgis fi mcs ju quis fi bui rrh Mdjir thf y Ecgbrisc gcecrrispcg fdircg h pmhgis suj virsdvcs crbhgdzhfcs sdgc si ig mhzhrcg h mh ohmth fi ph bc fi mhstrdpumhedcgis y qui mc ceurrdfc ig Hri qudph ig 80:4 oui fi oi e`h hgti rdcr h mh prcemhnh edõgfi Bh nh rrh ecnc pri sdfig ti prc vdscrdc, im gûni rc qui fh rîh rifu edfc h 86.



vv

vvQ vv ^

vvvvvvvv

:9

9Qehpîtumc 80 ^ pirîcfc 8

oIJZI805:Q ieY

MHU DUMHU BUCg HgIxHFHU HVIZZDVCZDCIEuHVCZDHgC,BZHEDHU H ugHIx\IFDEDÕg HMNHgFC FIM ECZ@CZHEDC @IZgIM 84 FIM NDUN

UI IgVZIBHZCgVIZZIgCU H MC\ZDNIZCU ECMCMuIBC UI gCNJZBIgIZHM KCUä_DMMHNDM EC\ZDNIZ BCJIZgHFIM HZE@D\DäM

8:Q DDD ^IM \HZMHNIGVC T MCU \ZIUDFIGVIU DGVIZDGCU FYZHGVI IM \ZDNIZ BCJDIZGCFI BHNHZZH.- Furhgti im bcjdirgc fi Bh nh rrh fi 80:4 h 8055, h pishr fi mhs hbdthedcgispcmîtdehs, ougedcgõ im \cfir Mibdsmhtdvc ig ocrnh ri mhtdvhnig ti gcr nhm.

Im Ecgbri sc crfdghrdc fi 80:4, prdni rc fi mh vdfh ri pujmdehgh, hetuõ ecnc yh si `h fd e`c,

fdvdfdfc ig mhs Eènh rhs fi Uighfc ris y fi Fdputhfcs. Ig 805< fi jdõ riugdrsi im sibugfc Ecg-bri sc crfdghrdc1 pirc h pishr im fieritc fi ecg vcehtcrdh, gc mmibõ h dgsthmhrsi. Ucmc im 84 fi hjrdmfi 8058 ec nig zõ mh guivh mibdsmhturh, ig prdnir mubhr, pcr fi emhrhrsi cr fdghrdh, y ougedcgõ `hsthsi tdin jri. Im Ecgbri sc crfdghrdc fi 805: is tuvc ig si sdcgis fim :4 fi kumdc hsth im :: fi fdedin-jri. Ig 8055 si dgsthmõ mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm fi mh qui si ceuphrè im ehpîtumc sdbudigti.

_hrdhs pirscghs ceuphrcg im pcfir dgti rdghnig ti h mc mhrbc fim prdnir nhg fh tc pri sdfig-edhm fi Bhnh rrh. Ig prdnir mubhr, istuvc im vdeipri sdfig ti Mh Ouigti euhgfc im \risdfig ti sifdrdbdõ hm Euzec ecg im ecrrispcgfdigti pir ndsc fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc, h rhîz fi mh riji mdõg quiis thmmõ ig isi mubhr ig hbcstc fi 805<. Hm sir fipuis tc Mh Ouigti im 8? fi hjrdm fi 8058, trisfîhs hgtis fi mh dgsthmhedõg fim Ecgbri sc, im 80, si igehrbõ fim nhgfc su pri nc, ec nc yh si `hvdstc, hm prisdfig ti fim Uighfc, fcg Hg fräs Zi yis, ecnc mmhnh fc pcr mh miy.

Ghedfc ig E`hg ehy ig 820<, Ziyis h jîh sdfc ugc fi mcs prdni rcs pi ruhgcs qui tc nõ phr-ti hetdvh ig mh buirrh fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh. Ig mh prdni rh ixpi fdedõg fi mcrf Ecerhgi ecg trd-ju yõ h mh tcnh fi Uu pi in jhr eègfc si h ecgtdguhedõg ig ish iseuhfrh (hjrdm fi 8084). Odburõig mhs ctrhs ixpi fdedcgis fi Ece` rhgi. Uhg Nhrtîg mc igvdõ ig 80:< hm gcrti fi Mdnh, h crbhgd-zhr ncg tcgi rhs ecgtrh im ikäredtc is phøcm. Vcnõ phr ti ig mhs ehnphøhs fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh yhmehgzõ im brhfc fi ec rcgim. Ig 80:4 irh sighfcr pcr im fiphrthnig tc fi Mdnh y ceupõ imehrbc fi prdnir pri sdfig ti fim Uighfc fim \i rû. Ig mh ougedõg fi pri sdfig ti dgti rdgc is tuvc`hsth im ribri sc fi Bh nh rrh im :8 fi fdedin jri fi 8058. @cn jri hehu fhmhfc, vcmvdõ fispuäsh mh vdfh prdvhfh ig su ecg fdedõg fi ti rrhti gdigti.

Fim :2 fi si tdin jri hm 8¼ fi gcvdinjri fi 805: Bh nh rrh si siphrõ fim nhgfc pcr ehu shfi ig oirni fhf y mc riin pmhzõ im prisdfig ti fim Uighfc Nh guim Vimmirîh. Ghedfc ig 8204, irhästi hjc bhfc y mmibõ h ceuphr mcs ehrbcs fi vc ehm fi mh Ecrti Uupi rdcr fi Mdnh, ecg si kirc fiIsthfc, fdputhfc y si ghfcr. Bhnh rrh mc eriyõ ecn pmdehfc ig nh gi kcs ecgspdrhtdvcs. Uhmdõ fis-ti rrhfc h \h ghnè im 8? fi nhr zc fi 8055. Ig Buhyhqudm pujmdeõ isi nds nc høc ugh ix pcsdedõgh mcs puijmcs fim \irû "scjri mcs isehgfhmcscs suei scs fi su prdsdõg y ixphtrdhedõg". Ui vcmvirèh `hjmhr fi Vimmirîh h prcpõsdtc fi mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm fi 8055.

Hm isthmmhr ig kumdc fi 8055 im nctîg fi Hyheue`c, si pu sc Bhnh rrh ig ehn phøh im 5< fiisi nis fis puäs fi ig tri bhr mh \risdfig edh fi mh Zipûjmdeh hm vdeipri sdfig ti fim Uighfc fcgKcsä Jrhumdc fim Ehnpcrrigfcg fc. Zihsundõ im nhgfc im : fi gc vdinjri.

Q Dv ^\HGFC T UY VIZVYMDH.- Mh odburh nès dnpcrthgti ig tri mcs dgti mietuhmis hutcrdthrdcs quihecn phøhrcg hm prdnir bc jdirgc fi Bh nh rrh oui mh fi Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc.

Fis puäs fim orhehsc fim räbdnig "vdthmdedc", \hgfc cori edõ hm Ecgbri sc Ecgstdtuyigti sus sir-vdedcs y si fifdeõ hm pirdcfdsnc. Ig mhErõgdeh \cmîtdeh y Mdtirhrdh fi Mdnh dgtig tõ ug tdpc fi pi rdõ-fdec si rdc y eumtc y hmmî puifi miirsi ugh jri vi y nhb gîodeh sin jmhgzh fi Mh Nhr. Ecg imNireurdc\i ruhgc (fcg fi si `h mmh ugh heirthfh sin jmhgzh fi _dfhurri) dgdedõ ug fdhrdc qui puifi ecg sd-fi rhrsi ec nc hg ti ei fig ti y pri eurscr fi mc qui `h sdfc fis puäs ig Mdnh Im Ecnir edc. Ig is thäpceh ifdtõ \hgfc su "Nhgdodistc qui pri sig th h mh ghedõg scjri su ecg fue th pûjmdeh" (? fioijri rc fi 80:2), ph rh kustdodehrsi y scsti gir qui su ehgfdfhtc h mh \risdfig edh vdthmdedh `hjîh sdfcUhgth Eruz, hugqui sdg hj kurhr fi su hf ndrhedõg hm Mdjir thfcr. Hgti rdcrnig ti, ig 80:?, `h jîhpujmdehfc ctrc nh gdodistc ("H sus edufhfhgcs, Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc") qui irh ugh hutcjdcbrhoîh.



vvvvv

80vv

vv

Q vv ^

pirîcfc 8 Qehpîtumc 80 90

NHguIM VIMMIZîH,\ZIUDFIgVI FIMUIgHFC, HUuNI MH

\ZIUDFIgEDH\ZC_DUCZDH FIM

\IZÛ \CZ FCUNIUIU. MH HuUIgEDH

FIM \ZIUDFIgVIHBuUVîg BHNHZZH

UI FIJDÕ H ugHBZH_I IgoIZNIFHFquI MC NHgVu_C

\CUVZHFC Ig EHNH.

:2UIVDINJZI805:

Qpirû ^

Im iserdtc "Hm pûjmdec hni rdehgc" ig im supminig tc G¼ 2: fimNireurdc \iruhgc ecrrispcgfdigti hm:? fi ce tujri fi 80:2 su ndgdstrh ctrc tistdnc gdc fi sus dfihs ig is th äpceh.

Ig imNireurdc \iruhgc \hgfc gc is jc zõ ugh hetdtuf fi cpc sdedõg ixpmîedth h Mh Nhr y nèsjdig ecg fi gõ mhs ecgspdrhedõg fi @uhvdqui y fi _dfhurri1 pirc hyufõ nh øcshnig ti hmhn jdig ti ig ohvcr fi Bhnh rrh y fi Mh Ouigti, ecg edths y imcbdcs ecgsthgtis fi hn jcs ki ois.

\cr isc, gc scr prig fi qui euhg fc, fis puäs fi ei mijrhr mh phz ecg Ecmcnjdh, Bhnh rrh ouih Mhnjh yiqui h hrribmhr mh ecnpcsdedõg fim ikäredtc, mmivhrh ecnc si eri thrdc bigi rhm h KcsäNhrîh fi \hg fc. Vhnjdäg ig 80:4, \hg fc oui imibdfc fdputhfc pcr Mdnh, pri sdfdõ mh nish prc-vdscrdh fim Ecgbri sc y oui muibc vdeipri sdfig ti fi mh ni sh pirnh gig ti. Hfi nès, mmibõ h sirndgdstrc fi Bc jdirgc y Zimhedcgis Ix ti rdcris y ig 805<, ndgdstrc fi @hedigfh. Ig is ti ûmtdncehrbc is erdjdõ ugh ni nc rdh qui is nuy dgti ri shgti ph rh im istufdc fi mh iecgcnîh ghedcghmig hqui mmh äpceh. Muibc ceupõ mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi Ecrrics y ig 8058 cj tuvc mh imieedõgecnc fd puthfc pcr Mdnh.

Mh dgomuigedh fi \hgfc y fi sus hnd bcs phri edõ cphehrsi, sdg in jhrbc, ecg nc tdvc fi mhfi pcsdedõg fi Mh Ouigti (8? fi hjrdm fi 8058).

Isth fi pcsdedõg phri ei qui hmi kõ h \hgfc fi Bh nh rrh pcr hmbûg tdin pc. _dfhurri, ig tcgeismdji rhm y igindbc pir scghm fi hquim, mmibõ h sir gcn jrh fc nd gdstrc. \i rc im Bcjdirgc fis eujrdõmh tirrdjmi ecgspdrhedõg pcr mh qui oui ousdmhfc im ehpdtèg Zcssim (:4 fi nhrzc i 805:)1 y, pcecfis puäs fi ceu rrdfc is ti `i e`c, vcmvdõ \hgfc h ceu phr mh ehrti rh fi Zi mhedcgis Ix ti rdcris(8¼ fi kugdc fi 805:). Ig mh mibdsmhturh fi 805:, oui imibdfc pri sdfig ti fi mh Eènh rh fi Fdputh-fcs. Ig 8055 ri bri sc hm ndgdsti rdc.

\hg fc h jîh mmibhfc h hbruphr h su hmrifi fcr h ug brupc fi dgti mietuhmis y fi pcmîtdecs. Xudigprdni rc `h fh fc rhzõg fi äm `h sdfc fcg Nh guim \hrfc, ig im prõmcbc fi mhs cjrhs fi su phfri,Oimdpi \hr fc y Hmdhbh, fdedigfc qui thm phrtdfc hug qui oui mmhnh fc ecg sirvhfcr, prc pig fîh h mhriocrnh, pi rc "h mh riocrnh pcr im prdgedpdc fi hutcrdfhf". "Fcg Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc, fcg Hg fräsNhrtîgiz, fcg Nh guim Dbghedc fi _dvhgec, fcg \i frc Hgtcgdc fi Mh Vcrri, fcg K. K. Cmni fc, fcgKcsä Kchquîg fi Nc rh, fcg Nhguim Yrqud kc, fcg Kcsä H. Zufcmoc y vhrdcs ctrcs ocrnh rcg ig is thtir tumdh im prdnir gû emic. Fcg Oimdpi \hr fc y Hmdhbh, htrhîfc h isi eîr eumc pcr rimhedcgis fi ohndmdh,pcr mhs dfihs iurcpihs qui ig äm fcndghjhg y pcr im ecnir edc mdti rhrdc qui hmmî hmtir ghjh ecg mhsfdseusdcgis pc mîtdehs, gc thrfõ ig prc oishr scjri mh hpmdehedõg fi mhs edigedhs scedhmis hm \irû, tig-fig edhs qui si `hmmhjhg ig ecg ocrndfhf ecg mcs prdgedpdcs qui su ifu ehedõg isecmhr y fcnäs td-eh mi `hjîhg dgeumehfc", hbribh Nhguim \hrfc ig im prõmcbc yh edthfc.

Mcs dgti mietuhmis hutcrdthrdcs fi isi nc nig tc gc scmc hetuhrcg ig mhs tirtumdhs y bhjdgi tisy ceuphrcg ndgdsti rdcs, sdgc thn jdäg rifhe thrcg pi rdõfdecs. Igtri is tcs si fis theh, ecnc yh sidgfdeõ hgtis, pcr su ocrnh dn pi ehjmi, pcr su hmtdtuf fce trdghrdh y pcr su vdbcr pcmändec, Mh _ir-fhf , ifdthfh ig 805:. Hsî ecnc im hutcrdthrdsnc fi mh prdni rh äpceh tdigi su ix pri sdõg ig mhni nc rdh rifhe thfh pcr Ncg tihbufc ig Buh yhqudm (qui, pcr rhzcgis ercgcmõbdehs, `h quifh-fc oui rh fi mcs mîndtis fim prisig ti mdjrc)1 y hsî ecnc im hutcrdthrdsnc fi mh sibugfh äpc eh istèripri sig thfc pcr mh Ecgstdtuedõg vdthmdedh, pcr mh "Ipîstcmh h \rõspi rc" y mh "Ixpcsdedõg" fi Mhsch sus imietcris fi \u gc, is ig mh ecmieedõg fi Mh _irfhf fcg fi `hy qui dr h jus ehr mc ni kcr fim

pig shndig tc fim tireir nc nig tc hutcrdthrdc. Ucjri is ti pi rdõfdec si `h trh thfc yh.

MH CJZH HFNDGDUVZHVD _H FIM \ZDNIZ BCJDIZGC FI BHNHZZH.- Im prcpdcBhnh rrh oui im prdni rc ig gc `h eir si dmusdcgis sc jri mh cjrh hfndgdstrhtdvh fi su prdnirbcjdirgc. "H Uhgth Eruz (ni kcr `ujdi rh fde`c "mhs sifdedcgis") fi ji `h eärsi mi rispcgshjmifi mcs jdigis qui pu fc is pi rhr im phîs y gc riedjdõ fi ug bc jdirgc shghnig ti fdspuis tc,pi rc euyh ixemusdvh thrih irh mh ripri sdõg fi mcs fiscrbhgdzhfc ris" ixemhnh ig su nh gdodistcfi Ecs th Zdeh.



\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 80 ?<







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

ecgvirtdfh ig Is eui mh Eigtrhm fi Nhrdgh. Im fieri tc fi 86 fi nh yc fi 805: ri origfhfc pcr imndgdstrc \i frc Jir nû fiz mh dgecrpcrõ hm Ecmibdc Ndmdthr y sdbudõ su suirti.

Ouirti nig ti nd mdthrdsth, im räbdnig fi Bh nh rrh gc tuvc pric euphedõg ghvhm, im sigtdfc fimh orcgti rh fim nhr.

MH MIT UCJZI MH ECGVZDJYEDÕG XYI BZH _HJH MHU \HUVHU FI \MHVH T CZC.- Fis fi mh äpceh fim _drridghtc ixdstîhg im qudgtc rihm scjri mhs phsths, muibc mmhnh fc "fi ri e`csfi ec jrcs y fdizncs h mhs phsths fi pmhth" y im dnpuis tc fim 5% h mhs fi crc. Im Ecgbri sc hjc mdõhn jcs fi ri e`cs phrh hmigthr mh ixpmcthedõg fi mhs ndghs, pcr miy prcnumbhfh ecg oie`h 89 fifdedin jri fi 80:41 y hbri bõ qui im Bcjdirgc fh rîh eunpmdndig tc h is th miy euhgfc y ec nc mcis tdnh rè ecgvigdigti ph rh riphrhr mh fiodedigedh fi mhs rigths pûjmdehs. Im ndgdstrc fi @hedigfhfcg Kcsä fi Mhrrih y Mcri fc gc irh phr tdfhrdc fi mcs prdgedpdcs qui `hjîhg budhfc hm \hrmhnig-tc. Oui igtcgeis qui fcg Uhg tdhbc Vèvhrh pujmdeõ im ocmmitc "Jusehpdqui h mh pdøh u cj sirvh-edcgis sc jri mh vigth kh fi mh mdjri edreumhedõg fi mhs phsths fi crc y pmhth" (Mdnh, 805<). Hmmqudsc prcjhr si bûg sus prcpdhs phmhjrhs "qui sdigfc mcs nithmis priedcscs, ig ecgeip tc fi mcsphrtdfhrdcs fim sdsti nh ris trdetdvc, mh ûgdeh c prdgedphm rdqui zh, irh hjsurfc brhvhrmcs ecg bhji-mhs dgscpcrthjmis qui dgehphedthjhg hm ndgi rc fi trh jh khr mhs ndghs ecg vigth khs1 qui irh dbuhmnig ti hj surfc ecg tdguhr ecg mh prc`djdedõg fi ixtrhirmh qui dnpi fîh qui pu fdirh ecn prhrmhim ixtrhg kirc pcrqui gc irh pir ndtdfc ix pmcthrmh". Im siøcr Mhrrih (ehsc rhrc ig mcs `cnjris fiBcjdirgc) si ecg vig edõ fi mhs rhzcgis fim ocmmitc y pcr ug fi eri tc fi emhrõ ig vdbcr ig tc fh hmh Zipûjmdeh mh miy nigedcghfh1 gc dnpcgdigfc fi dg ni fdhtc ctrc brhvhnig oui rh fi mcs hecs-tun jrh fcs fi nd gi rîh y hncgi fhedõg, h mhs phsths fi crc y pmhth qui dgbri shrig ig mhs ehshsfi nc gi fh, qui im 9% fi ixtrheedõg hm ixtrhg kirc (:? fi oi jri rc fi 805<). Hunig tõ ig tcgeismh prcfue edõg fi phsths ig tc fh mh Zipûjmdeh, pirc gc tcfhvîh ig hquim brhfc qui ixd bîhg mhsgi ei sdfhfis fim bdrc dgtir gc y mhs ixdbig edhs fim trèodec ixti rdcr, sibûg pugtuhmdzõ ig su ni nc-rdh fi @hedigfh im ndsnc høc 805< im ndgdstrc Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc.

MH ZIOCZNH FIM \CFIZ KYFDEDHM.- Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0 fi emhrõ mh prcpdifhf fi mcsin pmics kufdedhmis y fitir ndgõ im ncfc fi prc viir mhs pmhzhs scjri mh jhsi fi mh ripri sig th-edõg fiphrthnig thm. Mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis fijîhg ocrnhr tir ghs ig im ehsc fi mhs ecrtissupi rdcris y mdsths fc jmis fi tris imibdjmis phrh mh tirgh qui ecrrispcgfîh heir hm Uighfc euhg-fc si trh thjh fi mcs vcehmis fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh. Im gcnjrhndig tc ecrrispcgfîh hm prisdfig tifi mh Zipûjmdeh, h prcpuis th fi is ti euir pc mibdsmhtdvc.

Im Ecgbri sc y im \cfir Iki eutdvc prcei fdircg isi nds nc høc ec nc sd thmis fdspcsdtdvcs ouirhgphrh im outurc y ctcrbhrcg mh kujdmhedõg y ctrcs firie`cs h vhrdcs ndinjrcs fim \c fir Kufdedhm. Udin jhrbc, mh miy hprcjh fh im 86 y prcnumbhfh im :< fi kugdc fi 80:0, nhg fõ qui si prc ei fdirh himibdr h mcs vcehmis ecgocrni h mh Ecgstdtuedõg1 mh Ecrti Uupri nh ri emhnõ y h su prctis th si sunh-rcg ctrcs iminig tcs pdfdigfc qui mhs imieedcgis si `dedirhg thg scmc phrh mcs puistcs vhehgtis.

Mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis priphrhrcg, sdg injhrbc, mhs tirghs. H phrtdr fi 80:4 (høc ig qui siod kõ, hfinès im gûni rc fi vc ehmis fi mhs ecrtis supi rdcris pcr miy fi 89 fi si tdin jri) sur bdõ igim Uighfc mh tigfig edh h fisis tdnhr mhs riemhnh edcgis pcr im dgti räs qui `hs th sids ndin jrcs fifde`c euir pc ti gîhg ig ikireir mhs nès hmths ougedcgis kufdedhmis, y pcr im cfdc h hmbugcs ecmcn-jdhgcs tdmfhfcs fi jc mdvhrdsths. Ig 8058 mmibõ h sir hprcjh fh ig hn jhs Eènh rhs ugh miy, huspdedh-fh pcr is tcs pri tig fdigtis, phrh im Ikieutdvc prcei fdirh "h fhr ixhetc y pugtuhm eunpmdndig tc htcfhs mhs miyis fdethfhs phrh mh nhre`h ecgstdtuedcghm fi phîs". (\rcnumbhfh im : fi hbcs tc fi8058). Fde`h miy, rifhethfh ig tär ndgcs thg bigi rhmis, scmc tuvc su ioietc ig mh rigcvhedõg fim\c fir Kufdedhm. Fi heuirfc ecg immh, i dgvcehgfc, hfi nès, mh miy fim 86 fi ku gdc fi 80:0 hgtis

MH MITH\ZCJHFH T

\ZCNuMBHFH IM:8 FI gC_DINJZIFI 805: CZFIgÕ

MH IZIEEDÕgFI ug

FI\HZVHNIgVCECN\uIUVC FI

MHU VZIU

\ZC_DgEDHU FIMFI MH MDJIZVHFUDVuHFHU Ig MH

CVZH JHgFH FIMZîC NHZHøÕg.IZHg IMMHU MHU

FI E@HE@H\CTHU,\HVHz

T NHTgHU.



?EH\ÎVYMC 80 \IZÎCFC 8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9 CEVu805:Q ii. Y

IM IUVHFCugDFUHNuIM NCZUI(8248-802:) Dg_IgIM VIMäBZHoCIMäEVZDEC,H\HZHVC quI @D\CUDJMI MHECNugDEHEDÕgIgVZI \ugVCU Nu

FDUVHgVIU.VHNJDäg EZIÕ IEÕFDBC quI MMUu gCNJZI,ZI\ZIUIgVHFC \CUCgDFCU ECZVMHZBCU quI UIVZHFuEIg Ig\ugVCU T ZHTHU

IquD_HMIgVIU HMIVZHU.

85nig edcghfh, im prisdfig ti dgti rdgc Hgfräs Ziyis fdc ug fi eri tc qui fi emhrõ isthjmiedfh mh EcrtiUupri nh sc jri mh jhsi fi phrthnig thm qui od khjh mh Ecgstdtuedõg y crfi gõ qui im Ikieutdvc gcn-jrh rh sus vcehmis fi mh mdsth fi imibdjmis prisig thfh pcr im Uighfc (:< fi hbcs tc). Ig ctrc fi eritcfi mh ndsnh oie`h fi emhrõ isthjmiedfhs ecgstdtuedcghmnig ti mhs ecrtis supi rdcris fi mcs fi phrth-nig tcs fi Mdnh, Euzec, Hriqudph y Mh mdjir thf ecg hgèmcbc prcei fdndig tc imietdvc. Im 85 fi

si tdin jri, ig vdsth fi ugh ecg sumth fi mh Ecrti Uupi rdcr fi Mdnh, im Ecgbri sc hprcjõ ugh miy quiod kõ ig euhtrc mcs kuieis fi prdnirh dgsthgedh fi mh ehpdthm y fitir ndgõ qui mh kugth fi phrthnig-thm ocrnh si gui vhs mdsths fi imibdjmis.

Mcs vcehmis fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh gcn jrh fcs pcr fi eri tc fi :< fi hbcs tc fi 8058 ouircg;pcr Mdnh, Nhguim Mcrig zc fi _dfhurri1 pcr Mh Mdjir thf, Kustc Odbui rcmh1 pcr Hriqudph, Gdecmèsfi Hrhgîvhr1 pcr Hyheue`c, Nhrdhgc Hmi kc Èmvhriz1 pcr \ugc, Oimdpi Ecr jh mèg1 pcr im Euzec, Fdi-bc Ehmvc1 y pcr Kugîg, Ivhrdstc Bõniz Uège`iz. Xui fh rcg ig tcgeis vhehgtis mcs ehrbcs fi mcsvcehmis Oimdpi Uhgtdhbc Is ti gõs, Kcsä Nhrîh Bhmfdhgc, Oirghgfc Mõpiz Hmfhgh y Nhguim _deig-ti _dmmhrèg, qudigis si riu gdircg ig si sdõg pmighrdh im :5 fi hbcstc, hm fîh sdbudigti fi mh trhgs-erdpedõg fi fde`c fi eri tc y fi khrcg ecgsthgedh fi su prctis th ecgtrh mc qui mmhnh rcg "htrcpi-mmc qui si dgoirîh h mh nh kisthf fim \cfir Kufdedhm" yh qui gdgbugh miy tdigi ioie tc ri trchetdvc.Isti hsugtc susedtõ ig pi rdõfdecs, y ocmmitcs ugh dgtig sh fdseusdõg.

EZIHEDÕG FIM FI\HZVHNIGVC FI HNH[CGHU.- Mh miy hprcjh fh y prcnumbhfh im :8 figcvdinjri fi 805: cr fi gõ mh irieedõg fi ug fi phrthnig tc ecn puis tc fi mhs tris prcvdgedhs fiMh Mdjir thf sdtuhfhs ig mh ctrh jhgfh fim rîc Nhrhøõg. Irhg immhs mhs fi E`he`hpcyhs, \hthz y Nhy-ghs. Hquî oui fiedsdvh mh heedõg fim fdputhfc hnh zcgig si Kcsä Jrhumdc fi Ehnpc-Zi fcg fc.

Heireh fi is th miy qui rivimh mh ixdstig edh fi ugh "ecgedigedh fim crdigti" ig 805:, si trh-thrè ig im ehpîtumc scjri mh odscgcnîh fim \i rû `hsth 8068.

MH MIT FI \ZCEIFDNDIGVC IU\I EDHM.- Mh miy hprcjh fh im :? fi nhr zc fi 8058, prcnum-bhfh hm fîh sdbudigti, is thjmiedõ ug prcei fdndig tc is pi edhm y jrivi phrh qui mcs kuieis fiprdni rh dgsthgedh fi mh ehpdthm susthgedhrhg y riscmvdisig mhs ehushs pcr mcs fimdtcs fi `ur tc,rcjc y `c ndedfdc ecni tdfcs ig mh ecnprig sdõg fi su prcvdgedh.

Mhs gcrnhs fi fd e`h miy ouircg hpmdehfhs h mcs kudedcs fi trhdedõg c fi ecgspdrhedõg ecgtrhim crfig pû jmdec pcr ri scmuedõg mibdsmhtdvh fi mh Ecgvig edõg Ghedcghm oie`hfh im 84 fi hjrdmfi 809?, ig shn jmègfc mhs ecg im fieri tc fi :< fi ku gdc fi 8099 sibûg si vi rè ig im ehpîtu-mc rispie tdvc.

ECGOMDEVCU IGVZI IM BCJDIZGC T IM HMVC EMIZC.- Fi is ti hsug tc si trhthrè ig imehpîtumc scjri mh Dbmisdh ig mh dgdedhedõg fi mh Zipûjmdeh.



Q80EH\ÎVYMC

IM ZIMHVD_C H\HEDBYHNDIGGHEDCGHM (8069-809

Q84EH\ÎVYMC

MH ZIHEEDÕg \C\uMHZ T FINCEZ VFI FDEDINJZI FI 8055 H NHTC FI 80



Q D ^G IMCBDC FIUECGCEDFC FI MH OYIGVI HM ZäBDNIG FI BHNHZZH.- Ig im codedc fimndgdstrc Hgtcgdc Butdärriz fi mh Ouigti fdrdbdfc ecg oi e`h :5 fi nh yc fi 8054 hm igehrbhfc figi bcedcs fim \irû ig im Ieuhfcr, mäigsi is ths scrprig fig tis phmhjrhs; "Guistrh `dstcrdh ig mh äpcehfim Bcjdirgc ecgstdtuedcghm fi U.I. im hetuhm \risdfig ti (si ri odiri h Bhnh rrh) finuis trh mc ecgtrhrdc(qui mcs piruhgcs scg ehpheis fi ri bdrsi mdjri nig ti) y, h gc hjir sdfc mhs nhgdcjrhs fi Uhgth Eruzfis fi Jc mdvdh y mh buirrh qui fcs emärdbcs (Mugh \dzhrrc y _dbdm), fdputhfcs h mh Ecgvigedõg, `dedircgh guistrh oimdedfhf, gc `h jrîh `h jdfc gd Crji bcsc, gd vigth fim \irû, gd Bcjdirgc prctie tcrhm".

Q DD ÎM \ZCEIUC IMIEVCZHM FI 8055.- Fis puäs fi mh heushedõg dgtig thfh ig 805: ig mh Eènh-rh fi Fdputhfcs, Bhnh rrh, qui hgtis `h jîh mmhnh fc h vi eis h su mhfc h hmbugcs mdji rhmis, heigtuõsu heirehndig tc hm brupc dfic mõbdec hutcrdthrdc. Mmivõ guivhnig ti hm Ndgdsti rdc fi Bcjdirgc hKcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc y fi sdbgõ phrh im fi @hedigfh hm brhg crhfcr y kurdsth Hgfräs Nhrtîgiz quisi `h jîh cpuis tc h mh heushedõg. @hsth ig tcgeis Nhrtîgiz `h jîh sdfc ti gdfc ec nc mdji rhm.

Bhnh rrh ecgvceõ h mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis ecg im cj kitdvc fi dr h mh imieedõg fim prisdfig tifi mh Zipûjmdeh1 y tcnõ mhs prcvdfig edhs giei shrdhs phrh mh riugdõg fi ug Ecgbri sc ixtrhcrfdgh-rdc qui fi jîh prcemhnhr hm ehgfdfhtc imietc. Im guivc pi rîcfc fi bc jdirgc ti gîh ecnc oi e`hdghuburhm im :< fi fdedin jri fi 8055.

Mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi 80:0 `h jîh fdspuis tc qui ig 8055 si riu gdirh ugh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghmphrh trhthr fi su ri ocrnh. Hsî puis, sdg `hjir mc privdstc mcs mibdsmhfc ris, mh riugdõg fi fde`hhshn jmih vdgc h sir sdnumtègih ecg mh imieedõg prisdfig edhm.

Im ehgfdfhtc bc jdirgdsth risumtõ sir, phrhfc khmnig ti, im bigi rhm \ifrc Jir nû fiz, ecn phøi rcfi fis tdirrc fi Mh Nhr ig Ecsth Zdeh. Jirnû fiz mmibõ h sir hseig fdfc h bi gi rhm brhedhs h ughnh gdcjrh fi mh cpcsdedõg ig mh mibdsmhturh fi 805:1 pirc, pcr ni fdc fim sighfcr Kcsä Jrhumdc fimEhn pcrrifcg fc qui irh fiu fc fi su is pcsh, si prcfu kc su heirehndig tc hm Bcjdirgc qui mc`hjîh fi pcrthfc pcr si bugfh viz y mmibõ hm Ndgdsti rdc fi Bui rrh. Hsî fisfi øõ sir ehufdmmc fi mhcpc sdedõg qui mc ùjdi rh igeun jrh fc ig 8055. @ujc vc ei rcs fi immh qui mc heushrcg ig tcgeisfi `h jir nhg fhfc nh thr h Mh Nhr. Mcs ehgfdfhtcs mdji rhmis ouircg im bigi rhm Fcndgbc Gditc,ouirti ig mh ecsth fim sur y im bigi rhm Muds Kcsä fi Cr ji bcsc ecg nu e`cs phrtdfhrdcs ig im gcrti.

Ctrc ehgfdfh tc fi cpc sdedõg hphri edõ; im brhg nhrdsehm Kcsä fi mh Zdvh-Hbýirc. Jirnû fiz ti gîhnès ouirzh ig Kugîg fi fcg fi irh crdugfc y ig mh sdirrh fim sur.Mhs imieedcgis pri sdfig edhmis y phrmhnig thrdhs mmibhrcg h sir ioietuhfhs ig ughs prcvdgedhs

y ig ctrhs gc1 hmmî fcgfi tu vdircg mubhr si fdvdfdircg ig tri mcs fdvirscs ehgfdfhtcs y hug ig mcsecmibdcs imietcrhmis ndsncs fi mhs prcvdgedhs qui imdbdircg, mh vcthedõg si fdspir sõ. Ig Mdnhbhgõ Zdvh-Hbýirc y ceupõ im sibugfc mubhr Crji bcsc.

Gc ùjc, puis, pc sdjdmdfhf fi `h eir ioie tdvh mh riugdõg fim Ecgbri sc ixtrhcrfdghrdc fi 8055gd ioietuèrcgsi mhs imieedcgis pri sdfig edhmis pcr tcfcs mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis isi høc, h pishrfi mcs isouirzcs fi Bhnh rrh. Zdvh-Hbýirc si htrdju yõ im trdugoc ig ugh fdnig sdõg ghedcghm.

u

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 84 ?6



jjjjjjjjjjjjj

Muibc fi su phrtdedphedõg ig mjhthmmhs fi Kugîg y Hyheue`c, im ndmdthrniøc ceupõ hmtcsehrbcs ig im ik redt piruhgc. Oui fistirrhh Ecsth Zdeh kugtc Mh Nhr, pirc ribrisõ \irû ig 805: brhedhs Miy fi Ziphtrdhedõg prcemhnõ kioi supritrhs fhr ug bcmpi fiIsthfc h Crjibcscig 8056.

\IFZC JIZNÛ(8245-809:)

Im hnjdig ti irh fi brhg tig sdõg. Mh prigsh cpcsdedcgdsth hthehjh ecg ig ecgc oircz hm Bcjdir-gc, thgtc ig im gdvim fcetrdghrdc ecnc ig im pir scghmdsth. Hjugfhjhg mcs phsqudgis qui nhg-e`hjhg mh `cgrh fi mcs pirscgh kis fcndghgtis, dgemuyigfc h mh ispcsh fim \risdfig ti. Ncg tc-gi rhs irhg hrnh fhs c is tdnu mhfhs. Edreumhjhg dgguni rhjmis e`dsnis y ru nc ris.

Ui `hjîhg mmivhfc h ehjc, ig ecg trhsti ecg im orhehsc fi mh imieedõg prisdfig edhm y fi mh fim

Ecgbri sc ixtrhcrfdghrdc, mhs imieedcgis phrh mcs ndinjrcs fi mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm priserdthpcr mh Ehrth fi 80:0. Uus kugths priphrhtcrdhs inpi zhrcg im : fi kumdc fi 8055. Hm sir imibdfc _dbdmprdnir pri sdfig ti fi immhs, risumtõ ivdfig ti qui fc ndghjhg mcs mdji rhmis ig mh guivh hshnjmih.

Ig isi nis fi ku mdc si prcfu kc im `crrdjmi nc tîg fi Hyheue`c yh nig edcghfc ig im ehpîtumchgti rdcr, y quifõ h ehrbc fim \cfir Iki eutdvc, pcr vdh ki fim prisdfig ti Bhnh rrh, im vdei pri sdfig-ti fim Uighfc, Kcsä Jrhumdc fim Ehnpcrrifcg fc.

MH ECG _IGEDÕG GHEDCGHM T MH IMIEEDÕG \ZIUDFIGEDHM.- Mh _irfhf , pirdõfdec fce-trdghrdc bcjdirgdsth, scstuvc mh tisds fi qui mh Ecgvigedõg gc pcfîh `heir ctrh ecsh sdgc ceuphrsifi mh riocrnh ecgs tdtuedcghm. Euhgfc mh Kugth \ri phrhtcrdh phsõ hm Bcjdirgc ugh gcth phrh hgugedhrmh imieedõg fi su ni sh fdrietdvh, sdg tigir tc fhvîhquõrun , im Ikieutdvc mi gibõ mh oheumthf fi ecgs-tdtudrsi y mh fi hfcpthr prcei fdndig tcs codedhmis. Mh Kugth gc ecgtis tõ1 pirc si hjs tuvc fi prc ei fir`hsth qui si riu gdõ im gûni rc fi fd puthfcs ecg vigedcghmis ig prcpcredõg nhycrdthrdh.

Hm ehmdodehr hmbughs imieedcgis mh Kugth \ri phrhtcrdh pdfdõ qui si ig kudedhrh h ug sujpri oietcfi mdgeuig ti1 im Bcjdirgc ecgtis tõ gi bègfc mi hutcrdfhf. Mh dgsthmhedõg codedhm fi mh EcgvigedõgGhedcghm si ioietuõ im 8: fi si tdin jri fi 8055. Im prdnir pri sdfig ti fi immh oui Orhgedsec fi\hu mh Bcgzèmiz _dbdm.

Ndigtrhs mcs fîhs trhgseurrîhg y si heirehjh im 84 fi fdedin jri, ûmtdnc fi mh hfndgdstrhedõg fiBhnh rrh, mh Ecgvigedõg heiptõ mh tisds bcjdirgdsth fi qui gc ti gîh ctrh thrih sdgc mh fi riocrnhrmh Ehrth1 y, hphrti fi riu gdrsi phrh im fisphe`c, mh hprcjh edõg fim prisupuis tc y mh rigcvhedõgnig suhm fi mh nish, gcn jrõ ugh ecndsdõg ecg ug dgfdvdfuc pcr eh fh fi phrthnig tc phrh priph-rhr im rispie tdvc prcyietc. Gc si ceupõ fi ctrcs hsug tcs. Mh ecndsdõg tuvc risumthfcs dgoieugfcs.

Mhs ecshs ehnjdhrcg ig ce tujri ecg mh mmibhfh fi Mugh \dzhrrc. Isti, ecg ug brupc fi hnd bcs,pri phrõ ug prcyietc fi Ehr th pcmîtdeh qui mmibõ h prisig thrsi h mh Ecgvigedõg y ecnig zõ h sirfdseutdfc h phrtdr fim 4 fi fdedin jri.

Mugh \dzhrrc yh `hjîhsi pir suhfdfc ig hqui mmh äpceh fi mh giei sdfhf fi qui im \i rû y Jcmdvdhocrnh sig ugh ecgoifi rhedõg fi tris Is thfcs ecg Vhegh ecnc mh ehpdthm y jh kc mh prisdfig edh fiUhgth Eruz. Im fiphrthnig tc fi Mh \hz fi jîh ugdrsi hm Isthfc fim Eigtrc. Hm rivdshrsi ig im fi jh tiim hrtîeumc sibugfc fim prcyietc, vdcsi qui gc odburhjh hmmî im dgedsc ixdstig ti ig mh Ehrth fi 80:0,qui prc `djîh im phetc fi ugdõg c oifi rhedõg ecgtrhrdc h mh dgfi pig fig edh fi mh ghedõg. Euhgfchmbugcs fdputhfcs cj kithrcg mh igndig fh, Mugh, qui irh ig tcgeis pri sdfig ti fi mh Hshnjmih, fi kõsu sdtdhm phrh fi oigfir fis fi mh trdju gh "im firie`c fi mh ghedõg phrh ecgstdtudrsi fi mh nhgi rh quiqudsdirh y sdg nès ecgfdedõg qui mh fi ecgsumthr, pcr ni fdcs bigudgcs, su virfhfi rh mdjir thf".

Mugh riugdõ h ug brupc fi hnd bcs phrh ixpcgir mis im pmhg qui isti prdgedpdc fi Fi rie`c pc mî-

tdec ceumthjh1 pirc gc `hmmõ hnjdig ti ohvcrhjmi.Im Bcjdirgc dbgcrõ istcs ì e`cs qui ù jdi rh pcfdfc fi gugedhr ig gcnjri fim phtrdctdsnc yqui ouircg ghrrhfcs nès thr fi pcr im fdputhfc Uhgtdhbc Vèvhrh ig su @dstcrdh fi mcs phrtdfcs1 y orh-ehsõ ig fdvirscs pmhgis phrh fi scrbhgdzhr c fis pristdbdhr h mh Ecgvigedõg.

Immh gc hfcptõ im heuirfc fi imi bdr prisdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh, mc euhm ùjdi rh sdfc fi gugedhfcpcr im Bcjdirgc. Ispi rõ qui Bhnh rrh prcei fdisi. Ud Bhnh rrh ghfh `h eîh y mmibhfc im ûmtdnc fîh fisu nhg fhtc mibhm mc prcrrcbhjh, si shmîh fi mh ecgstdtuedcghmdfhf y irh ec nc sd dzhrh ugh jhgfi rhqui ecg vcehjh h ugh sujmivhedõg ghedcghm ecgtrh äm. Uus supmigtis irhg fcs. Fi immcs ugc, imvdeipri sdfig ti Mh Ouigti, ecgtdguhjh prcs erdtc. Im ctrc, im prisdfig ti fim Uighfc, Nhguim Vimmirîh,




\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 84 ??







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

`h jîh vuimtc fim fis tdirrc brhedhs h ugh ripri sig thedõg fi mh Ecgvig edõg, pirnh gi edigfc ig sujhr ec ig im Ehmmhc furhgti 8: fîhs jh kc im pritix tc fim eõ mirh ncr jus qui rh shjh ig mhs Hgtdmmhs1 yhig Mdnh, si fi fdeõ h `h eir vdsdths h mcs fdputhfcs ph rh supmdehrmis gc mc dgemuyi rhg fig trc fi mcsehgfdfh tcs. Ig im ehsc fi qui Bh nh rrh ig tri bhrh im pcfir hm vdei pri sdfig ti fi mh Zi pû jmdeh (h pi shrfi qui su nhg fh tc tir ndghjh hm ndsnc tdin pc) c hm prisdfig ti fim Ui ghfc fh jh ugh vdetc rdh h sus

igi ndbcs. Uupc gdigfc qui, pcr im ecg trhrdc, mmibhjh h hu tc rdzhr h mh Ecgvig edõg phrh imibdr ug pri-sdfig ti prc vdsdcghm, `heîh im kuibc h Mugh \dzhrrc y, hm ndsnc tdin pc, qui fh jh fi nc fc pû jmdec,is pcg tègic y sc minginigti nh gdhthfc ph rh cpc gir si h mcs risumthfcs fi ish imie edõg.

Yg fîh hg tis fi ei shr ig im nhg fc su pri nc, Bh nh rrh ig vdõ h mh Ecgvig edõg ug codedc fcg fiix pu sc qui gc ecg tdguhrîh ig äm ugh viz tir ndghfc su pi rîcfc ecgs tdtuedcghm. Mugh \dzhrrc yctrcs fd pu thfcs ecg tuvdircg h _dbdm y h mcs finès qui pri tig fîhg ri fhe thr ugh ris puis th tir nd-ghgti h ohvcr fim pri sdfig ti fim Ui ghfc. Hsî mcbrhrcg qui, mi kcs fi ind tdr euhmqudir ix pri sdõgqui oui si vi khtc rdh c dnprufig ti, mh gcth si mdndthrh h fi edr qui mh Ecgvig edõg qui fh jh ig ti-rhfh y gc si `h mmhjh rh zõg ph rh kustdodehr mh ecgtdguhedõg fim prisdfig ti fi mh Zi pû jmdeh ig imnhg fc. Vi mmirîh, fi heuir fc ecg sus bis tdcgis ix trhc odedhmis, fiemhrõ ig mh trdju gh phrmhnig thrdhqui, `h jdäg fc si sus edthfc fu fhs sc jri su mmhnh ndig tc h mh kiohturh fim Isthfc, ig gdg bûg ivig-tc mh hfndtdrîh. Bhnh rrh, im ndsnc fîh fi su ei si, ecg tis tõ h mh Ecgvig edõg qui mc ixpuis tc pcris th hshn jmih ig su gc th irh mc ndsnc qui äm `h jîh dgfdehfc. Hbri bõ qui mh Ecgvig edõg fi jîhimibdr fi dgni fdhtc h qudig fi jîh su ei fir mi prcvdscrdhnig ti y hfu kc qui sd gc `u jdi si ecg sd-fi rhfc qui ti gîh oheumthfis ph rh imibdrmi suei scr, gc si `h jrîh fd rdbdfc h immh. Mh Ecgvig edõghprc jõ ugh miy, qui Bh nh rrh prcnumbõ, fdspc gdigfc qui immh imibdrîh ug pri sdfig ti prc vdscrdcfi mh Zipû jmdeh "phrh fi sin pi øhr im \cfir Iki eutdvc `hs th mh imieedõg fim prcpdithrdc ecg hrri-bmc h mh riocrnh ecgs tdtuedcghm". Mhs fdstdgths oheedcgis cpc sdtc rhs `h jîhg si yh ugdfc1 y mcs phrtd-fh rdcs fi Zdvh-Hbýi rc y Gditc, is thjhg fds puis tcs h vc thr pcr im bi gi rhm Crji bc sc, qui irhndin jrc fi mh Ecg vig edõg. Nue`cs fd pu thfcs `h jîhg ig bhøhfc h Bh nh rrh.

MH C\DGDÕG FI JI GDVC MHUC UCJZI MH OHEYMVHF FI MH ECG _IG EDÕG \HZH IMIBDZ\ZI UDFIG VI \ZC _DUCZDC.- Ig mh sisdõg fi mh Ecgvig edõg Ghedcghm ioietuhfh im :0 fi ku gdcfi 8056, im fdpu thfc pcr @uhg ehgä Ji gdtc Mhsc fd kc igtri ctrhs ec shs; "Mh Ecgvig edõg is mh ripri-sig thedõg ghedcghm, immh ndsnh si `h fh fc thm ehrèetir y mh ghedõg ig ti rh mc `h riecgc edfc y ris pi-thfc sus ri scmuedcgis tc fhs. Is th ri pri sig thedõg ghedcghm `h ikiredfc fu rhgti sus si sdcgis fcsemhsis fi oh eumthfis, ughs cr fdghrdhs y ctrhs ixtrhcr fdghrdhs. Mhs prdni rhs, riocrnhg fc mh Ecgstdtu-edõg fi 80:0 y fhg fc mhs miyis gi ei shrdhs phrh pc gir ig nhr e`h mh guivh Ecgs tdtuedõg. Mhs sibug-fhs gcn jrhg fc pri sdfig ti prc vdscrdc fi mh Zipû jmdeh y fèg fc mi fis puäs mhs oheumthfis ix trhcrfd-ghrdhs ecg im odg fi qui shmvhrh hm phîs fi mcs `crrcris fi mh bui rrh edvdm. Ghfdi, ig ioie tc, fis ecgc-ei rè gd mh fdvir sh ghturhmizh fi is ths fcs emhsis fi oh eumthfis, gd im fdstdgtc crdbig qui `h hu tc rdzh-fc su ikir ededc. \hrh mhs ughs oui hutc rdzhfh pcr mh Ecgstdtuedõg ndsnh fim høc :0 y mh miy fimEcg bri sc fi 805:1 y im ikir ededc fi immhs irh im usc crfdghrdc ecgc edfc i dg fdspu thjmi hgti im ecg-eip tc y ris pi tc fi tc fh mh ghedõg. \hrh mhs ctrhs gc `hjîh miy, gd ecgstdtuedcghm gd sieug fh rdh qui

mi ecgodrdisi si ni khgti hu tc rdfhf, ec nc qui gc si si øhmhrh hrtîeumc hmbugc ig guis trh Ehrth gd igmh miy fi su ecgvcehedõg qui mi fdisi thm pcfir. Mh gi ei sdfhf, im dn pi rdc fi mhs edreugs thgedhs, mhshmuf fim puijmc, `i hquî mhs ûgdehs ouig tis fi fcg fi sh eõ pcr ugh kus th ipdqui yh isi pc firsupri nc. Im Ecg bri sc ecgs tdtuedcghm, ûgdec hm qui irh fh fc ecg ei fir oh eumthfis ix trhcr fdghrdhs, si`h mmhjh ig ri ei sc y irh dn pc sdjmi qui si riu gdisi ecg mh jri vi fhf y cpcr tugdfhf qui ixd bîhg mcspi mdbrcs fim Is thfc1 y ec nc mh Ecgvig edõg irh mh ûgdeh ri pri sig thedõg ghedcghm mibdsmhtdvh ixdstig-ti, im ûgdec euir pc fi mdji rhgti, h gcn jri fi mh gh edõg ig ti rh si hrrc bõ y fi jdõ hrrc bhrsi ishsoheumthfis qui gc mi is thjhg fi thmmhfhs. Hsî is qui, ig vdr tuf fi mh nd sdõg ecgstdtuedcghm fi mcsri pri sig thgtis ig mh Ecg vig edõg, gugeh `hg pc fdfc ikir eir ctrcs he tcs qui mcs qui mh Ehrth mis

Yg brYpc fidgbmisisfisinjhreh ig mhs

dsmhs nhmvdghs (cOhmamhgf) y cjmdbh

h ritdrhrsi h mcscOdedhmis

hrbigtdgcsisthjmiedfcs ig im

mYbhr. mcsjrdtègdecs `hjîhghjhgfcghfc mhs

dsmhs ig 8226, pircgc `hjîhg

rigYgedhfc h sYpcsisdõg. mcs

hrbigtdgcs, pcr sYphrti, mhs `hjîhg

fiemhrhfc phrtifi sY tirrdtcrdc

ig 808?.

5igirc8055

D. nhmvDghs



Q8

@DV ZI DN ZIN. Dthssdt huthtdjus hmdjus sigds hpdfugf immisiquhs hsd tcrisif nh gdn qui ihrdt vimis uth ecrin hut quhssdgd rissdt mhut ohedds iturist, ih quhn oubdhi ecgsiqui virun sdgvirhi ecgietc is itur rirdt pristdsedfi ecgsirdt,ecgsiquds

VDIN\CU FDOÎEDMIU \HZH MDNH. @hedh mh f ehfh fi 805<, mh ehpdthm fim \irû suordõ mcs injhtis fi mh buirrh fi mhDgfipigfigedh. Mhs rivuimths igehjizhfhs pcr ehufdmmcs y ncgtcgircs isthjhg h mh crfig fim fîh. Udg injhrbc, mhjimmizh fi mh edufhf gc oui quijrhgthfh, thm ecnc pcfincs hpriedhr ig istcs brhjhfcs fim orhge s Micgei Hgbrhgf,fi mh prdnirh ndthf fim PDP, qui nuistrhg eõnc irhg, ig hquim igtcgeis, mh \mhzh fi Hrnhs (:) y im mubhr fcgfi `cysi ujdeh im \hrqui Ygdvirsdthrdc (8).

Q: ^

Q8




\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 84







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

?0

siøhmõ1 y sd mcs `hg ikiredfc, `h sdfc sc mc ig mh cjsirvhgedh fi mh dnpi rdcsîsdnh miy fi mh giei sdfhfscmh, puis, ugh miy nès dnpi rdcsh qui mh Ehrth ndsnh, oui mh qui hutcrdzõ h mh Ecgvigedõg phrhgcn jrhr pri sdfig ti prc vdscrdc y fhrmi oheumthfis ix trhcrfdghrdhs".

MH IMIEEDÕG FI CZJI BCUC T UY UDBGDODEHFC.- Im ehgfdfhtc bujir ghnig thm bigi rhmJir nû fiz, ti gîh ig ecgtrh im rieuir fc fi su fis tdirrc ecg Mh Nhr y fi su omhnhg ti i dg kustdodeh-jmi hndsthf ecg Bhnh rrh. Mi ohmthjhg, hfi nès, in pri shrdcs `èjdmis ig mh Ecgvig edõg. Ecg immhecnc nd gdstrc, `hjîh ig trhfc ig ug igc kcsc ehn jdc fi gc ths ecg nc tdvc fi ughs fi gugedhsecgtrh ugcs ncg tcgi rcs heushfcs fi ecgs pdrhr kugtc ecg hmbugcs fdputhfcs. Hfi nès, `h jîhfi shdrhfc h ug brupc fi ndin jrcs fi mh hshnjmih qui mi scmdedthrcg dgfumtc phrh mcs nctdgdsthsfi Hyheue`c. \cr ctrh phrti, im räbdnig fi Bh nh rrh, y ecg äm tcfcs sus `cn jris, is thjhg yh nuybhsthfcs. Mh mhrbh ehnphøh ig su ecgtrh ig im pirdcfdsnc y ig im \hrmhnig tc fh jh hjug fhg tisorutcs. Im ehmdodehtdvc fi "bhnh rrhgc" vceiè jh si ig iscs fîhs ecg cfdc y fis fäg. Mc ûgdec qui mhcpc sdedõg giei sdthjh phrh trdugohr irh ugdodehrsi. Crji bcsc ecgsdbudõ phrh mh \risdfig edh prcvd-scrdh 62 vctcs, Jir nû fiz 5? y Gditc 8 (:< fi fd edin jri fi 8055).

Hm imibdr h Crji bcsc (ig ugh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm mmhnh fh pcr mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi 80:0 ypcr im rispie tdvc fi eri tc fi ecg vcehtcrdh scmc h "ixhndghr y riocrnhr, ig tc fc c ig phr ti, mhEcgstdtuedõg") Mugh \dzhrrc y su eîreumc, ripri sig thgtis fu rhgti tc fh is th äpceh fim ispîrdtu edvdmorigti hm ndmdthrdsnc, gc `h eîhg sdgc ecgtdguhr mcs pmhgis qui yh `h jîhg si budfc hm ecgoirdr mh\ri sdfig edh h Mh Nhr ig 80:: y ig 80:2. Ziecgceîhg istcs fce trdghrdcs qui im ndmdthrdsnc irhfi nh sdhfc ouirti y qui gc pc fîh dnpi fdrsi qui h mh \risdfig edh fi mh Zipûjmdeh mmibhrhg mcs`cn jris fi ugd ocrni. Ecg su tèe tdeh fi is ecbir phrh isti ehrbc h mcs nhrdsehmis c bigi rhmisni gcs pi mdbrcscs y fi phrhpi thrsi ig mcs Ecgbri scs, Mugh \dzhrrc y sus hndbcs pri tig fdircgriscmvir im prcjminh. Ui iqudvcehrcg. Mcs ehufdmmcs ndmdthris hutägtdecs gc qui fhrcg echethfcsy hpimhrcg hm prcgugedhndig tc. Mh \risdfig edh fi Mh Nhr `hjîh fh fc mubhr hm nctîg fi Bhnh rrh1h`c rh mh \risdfig edh fi Crji bcsc djh h fhr mubhr prdni rc hm bcmpi fi Is thfc fi Jir nû fiz yfis puäs h mh fdethfu rh fi Uhmhvirry.

\ZI UDFIGEDH FI CZ JIBCUC.- Vigîh fcg Muds Kcsä fi Cr ji bcsc, prisdfig ti fim \i rû fis fi im:8 fi fd edin jri fi 8055, imi vhfh is thturh y pcrti hrrcbhgti. Uus phfris oui rcg im nhistri fi ehn-pc Kustc fi Cr ji bcsc y fcøh Orhgedseh fi Ncg ehfh Bhmdgfc y Nc rhmis, ecgfi sh fi Cmncs. @hjîhghedfc im :9 fi hbcs tc fi 8249, y oui jhutdzhfc ig mh dbmisdh vdeiphrrcqudhm fi E`uqudscgbc. Hmprcfu edrsi mh dgfi pig fig edh irh shrbig tc nh ycr fi mh ehjh mmirîh eîvdeh fi Vru kdmmc. Mh hyufh nh ti rdhmy nc rhm qui, ecg ctrcs pirscgh kis fi Vru kdmmc, pristõ h Uhg Nhrtîg oui dgvhmcrhjmi. Vhbmi mc `dzc ecrc-gim ig 80::, brhfc qui rh tdodeõ Zdvh-Hbýirc h euyc mhfc is tuvc ig 80:5. \rc pcredcgõ rieurscs ysuj sdstig edhs hm ikäredtc phtrdcth h ecndig zcs fi 80:6 y oui gcn jrh fc dgtig fig ti fi Mhn jh yiquiy prioietc fi Vru kdmmc. Jcmîvhr mc hseig fdõ h bigi rhm fi jrdbhfh ig hjrdm fi 80:?. \cec fis puäs vcmvdõh mh prioieturh fi Vru kdmmc ig mh qui ecgtdguõ h pishr fim ehnjdc fi rä bdnig ig 80:2. Imi bdfc fdpu-

thfc hm Ecgbri sc Ecgstdtuyigti fi hquim høc, istuvc ig mh ecndsdõg gcnjrh fh phrh oimdedthr h MhNhr pcr su imieedõg ecnc pri sdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh y hecnphøhrmi ig im vdh ki. \rcgtc fi kõ su eurumecnc ri pri sig thgti phrh vcmvir h mh prioieturh fi Mh Mdjir thf. \hrtdedpõ ig mh ehnphøh fi Ec mcnjdhy si fdstdgbudõ ig mh jhthmmh fi Vhrqud ig ecn phøîh fi Gi ece`ih ig im nhg fc fi mh ehjh mmirîh. Kugtcecg Bhnh rrh, odrnõ im ecgvigdc fi Bdrõg. Ui ritdrõ fim ikäredtc ig ce tujri fi 80:4. Im Ecgbri sc mifdc im brhfc fi bi gi rhm fi fdvdsdõg ig 805: hmufdigfc h su `cg rcsc ecn pcrthndig tc ig im \crti ti.Imibdfc fdputhfc h mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm, hm cjti gir mh nhycrîh fi mcs vctcs phrh mh \risdfig edhprcvdsdcghm fi mh Zipûjmdeh phriedõ sdnjc mdzhr mh vuimth h mh mdnpdizh eîvdeh fi Mh Nhr sdg su jimdbi-rhgedh hgti mh orcgti rh gcrti fim phîs1 y prisig tõ, hm ndsnc tdin pc, hmbughs gcths fdstdgtdvhs fim ehsc

H MHU EMHUIUHMVHU IZH BZHVC

\CZquI MCECgUDFIZHJHg

ugC FI MCUUuTCU. MH \MIJIMC _IîH ECg MH

VZD\MI HuZICMHFI MH C\CUDEDÕg,FI MH \ZCNIUH T

FIM HVZHEVD_C\IZUCgHM. @HUVH

MHU NuKIZIU UIDgVIZIUHJHg \CZM IgVZHgFC, HUî,Ig HEVD_H MuE@H

ECgVZH MHCFDHFH FCøH

\HgE@H.



jjjjjjjjjjjjj


Im 5 fi igirc fi 8056 mmivõ h ehjc ig Md bcmpi ndmdthr hm fim prisdfigti CrjibcsVrhs im firrcehndigtmh buhrgdedõg fi medufhf gcnjrõ kioisuprinc fim \irû hm bigirhm \ifrcJirnûfiz. Gcrnhmnigthetdvh, Mdnh pirnhg phrtdeumhrnigti ehmig istcs fîhs; sisuprdndircg im tihtrcmhs ecrrdfhs fi tcrcseirrhrcg mhs orisqui Hquî si hpriedh ughdnhbig fi Mdnh ecnc vdircg mcs hrtdsths ecrjith orhgeishMh Jcgdti.

IM BCM\I HCZJIBCUC

h Zdvh-Hbýirc, hrdstõerhth, hehufhmhfc y ri vistdfc fim pcfir ecg im hpcyc fi mh cpdgdõg pûjmdeh. Uupcpumhrdfhf oui emhnc rcsh ig iscs fîhs y pcr mhrbc tdin pc nès. Uhtdsoheîh h ugcs pcr `hjir ì e`cehir h Bhnh rrh y h su jhgfc. Ctrcs eriîhg `hmmhr ig äm mh pcsdjdmdfhf fi ug bc jir ghgti mibhm y ncfi-rhfc. H mhs emhsis hmths irh brhtc pcrqui mc ecgsdfi rhjhg ugc fi mcs suycs. Mh pmiji mc viîh ecg mhtrdpmi huric mh fi mh cpcsdedõg, fi mh prcni sh y fim htrhetdvc pirscghm. @hsth mhs nu kiris si dgti rish-

jhg pcr äm igtrhgfc, hsî, ig hetdvh mue`h ecgtrh mh cfdhfh fc øh \hge`h.\i rc gc scmc fi pcpumhrdfhf vdvig mcs bcjir ghgtis. Furhgti sus prdni rcs fîhs, ig im phmhedcqui ouirh fi mcs vdrriyis, Crji bcsc si vdc hecnphøhfc sc mc pcr ugcs euhgtcs hndbcs, gctèg-fc si mh husig edh fi ndmdthris. "\hrieîh ehsh fi fcg fi is thjh husig ti im fuiøc", fdei Vèvhrh. Igmh tiscri rîh gc `hjîh ug pi sc y si fi jîh h mcs inpmihfcs. Mh hfuhgh `hmmèjh si in pi øhfh y mhsecgtrdju edcgis ec jrh fhs y bhsthfhs. Ohmthjhg ocgfcs `hs th phrh hjcghr im hmunjrh fc fi \h mhedc."Mcs buhrfdhs, mcs ifiehgis, mh isecmth y `hsth mcs eigtdgi mhs fi mhs puirths dgti rdcris y fi mh pdi-zh ig qui yc fcr nîh ―euigth Crji bcsc ig sus Ni nc rdhs―, irhg puistcs pcr õrfi gis fi Bh nh-rrh y fi mhs pirscghs fi su tc thm ecgodhgzh". Euhgfc hm ndgdstrc fcg Kcsä _dmmh mi pribugthjhgeõnc hg fhjh im Bcjdirgc, rispcgfîh; "Ehfh fîh qui fu rhncs is ugh vdetcrdh".

Im eîreumc fi Crji bcsc qudsc qui Bhnh rrh nhre`hrh hm sur h `heirsi ehrbc fi mhs trcphs fimh orcgti rh jc mdvdhgh hgti mh gctdedh fi qui mcs hbigtis fi Uhg th Eruz dgtig sdodehjhg sus trhjh kcs.E`dsnis, dgtrdbhs y riei mcs orustrhrcg is ti fi sdbgdc, jhshfc ig mh dfih fi qui sd Bhnh rrh tigîhpmhgis ceumtcs irh nès pi mdbrcsc ig mh ehpdthm, ndigtrhs qui sd si sujmivhjh ig im sur prcfu eîh mhbui rrh edvdm, quifhgfc Cr ji bcsc ig mdjir thf phrh hetuhr.

Bhnh rrh, riti gdfc ig Mdnh, eri yõ qui si trhthjh fi hsi sdghrmi y mc ndsnc fd kc Crji bcsc. Impmhg crji bcsdgc ecgsdstdõ odghmnig ti ig qui im ndsnc Cr ji bcsc si pc si sdcghsi fi mh viedghocrthmizh fim Ehmmhc y hmmî fdethrh sus õrfi gis, h shmvc fi euhmqudir htigthfc. Ud mi cjifi eîhg mhstrcphs fi Mdnh, qui fh jh fis pi khfh mh dgeõbgdth1 y sd mi fiscji fi eîhg, in pi zhjh mh buirrh edvdmjh kc ohvcrhjmis ecgfdedcgis. Mugh \dzhrrc jus ehjh hûg im hvigdndig tc y gc hprcjõ is ths ni fd-fhs y `hsth dgsdguõ mh ecgvigdigedh fi ugh igtri vdsth hndstcsh ecg Bhnh rrh, pirc si eri yõ quimh ifhf y mcs fistdirrcs `hjîhg qui jrhg thfc sus igir bîhs. Im pmhg si mmivõ h ehjc.

Crji bcsc mmhnõ, puis, hm bcjir ghfcr fim Ehmmhc hm \hmhedc fi Bcjdirgc y muibc mi dgvdtõ h phsihrig su eceì. Ygh viz hmmî, mi cjmdbõ h hecn phøhrmi hm Ehmmhc. Ocrnh rcg mhs trcphs, oui ri ecgcedfcCrji bcsc ecnc pri sdfig ti sdg fdodeumthf i `dzc muibc mcs ehnjdcs fi ki ois qui eriyõ prufig tis.

Q DDD ÎM BCM\I FI IU VHFC NDMDVHZDUVH IG MDNH.- Euhgfc fis fi im Ehmmhc nhgfõ Crji bc-sc mh mdsth fi gui vcs gcn jrh ndig tcs ig im ikäredtc, Bhnh rrh y sus hfiptcs (qui, phrh sujmivhrsiù jdi sig gi ei sdthfc hehsc hmbc ig mc qui pufc `h jir ug heuir fc, c sih mh gibhtdvh fi mcs kioisprcvdgedhmis phrh riecgceir hm guivc nhg fhthrdc) si igecgtrhrcg hgti mh giei sdfhf ur big ti fihetuhr. Mis fiedfdõ thnjdäg mh gctdedh fi qui, ig vdrtuf fi ugh hmdhgzh ixpri sh c tèedth ig triedirtcs iminig tcs fim crji bcsdsnc y Uhgth Eruz, mh dgtir vigedõg fi is ti ehufdmmc ig im \irû irhdgndgig ti. Hsî ghedõ im bcmpi fi Is thfc fim 5 fi igi rc fi 8056, pcr im euhm mh buhrgdedõg fi Mdnh

prcemhnõ ki oi supri nc prc vdsdcghm hm bigi rhm \ifrc Jir nû fiz. Im ikäredtc ig im Euzec (ecg impri oietc Ju ohgfh), ig \u gc (ecg Uhg Zcnèg), ig Hyheue`c (ecg Orîhs) mc riecgcedõ. Mcs ndgdstrcsfi Jir nû fiz oui rcg \hg fc, Hgfräs Nhrtîgiz y im bigi rhm Kuhg Uhmhzhr.

Im guivc räbdnig in pi zõ h fdethr õrfi gis fi prcs erdpedõg h brhgim. Fcs ecnphøîhs fi ugjh thmmõg si pcsi sdcghrcg im fîh 6 fi igi rc fim mcehm fcgfi ougedcghjh mh Ecgvigedõg, hthehrcg hmh buhrfdh eîvdeh i `drdircg hm eigtdgi mh Kuhg Zîcs qui mis eirrõ im ph sc1 im ritrhtc fi Zîcs oui ecmc-ehfc fu rhgti nu e`cs høcs ig im shmõg fim Ecgbri sc y ig oijri rc fi 8056 mh Ecgvigedõg pd fdõsu hseig sc h hmoäriz. Ig Mdnh gc si tc eõ ugh scmh ehnphgh fis fi isi fîh. Gc oug edcgõ im tihtrcfi ec ni fdhs. Uuspig fdärcgsi mhs ecrrdfhs fi tc rcs. Mhs orisqui rîhs pirnh gi edircg ei rrhfhs. Mh



jjjjjjjjjjjjj


Ghedfc ig Dmc,Ncquibuh, Gditc ouijrdmmhgti ndmdthr. mcs dgdedcs fi mhZipûjmdeh, mue`õ igik redtc piruhgc.\hrtdedpõ ig mhs jhtfi Kugîg y Hyheue`cmuibc ig mh buirrhecgtrh mh BrhgEcmcnjdh. Ig 8056igehjizõ mh cpcsdedig im sur fim phîs ecJirnûfiz, mc qui mi vhmdõ ug hseigsc h bigirhm fi Fdvdsdõg

FCNDGBC G(80<5-8066)

EH\ÎVYMC 84 VINH D

ni fdc fi in prästdtcs ocrzcscs y riemuthndig tcs, pufc cr bhgdzhr hmbughs ouirzhs1 pirc, gc ecgsd-fi règfc mhs siburc c hehsc ecg ndrhs umti rdcris, mh Ecgvigedõg hprcjõ ugh miy qui mi hutcrdzõphrh qui pdfdirh mh eccpi rhedõg fim Bcjdirgc fi Jc mdvdh "ecg im ûgdec y ixemusdvc cj kitc fi tir-ndghr mh buirrh edvdm" (80 fi hjrdm fi 8056). Isth eccpi rhedõg gc mmibõ h prcfu edrsi pcr qui mh bui-rrh edvdm ecgemuyõ ripig tdghnig ti.

\hrh horcgthrmh, Crji bcsc fi kõ im nhgfc hm supri nc fi mibhfc fcg Nh guim Uhmhzhr y Jhquî- khgc (:< fi nhr zc) y si pusc ig nhr e`h hm vhmmi fi Khu kh. Hsî Uhmhzhr y Jhquî khgc riin pmhzõ hCrji bcsc fis puäs fi `h jir riin pmhzhfc h Mh Nhr.

Q Dv |^MHU _CEIU FI MCU \IXYIØCU IG MH VCZNIGVH FI 8056.MH \I\H , ECNI FDH FIUIBYZH.- Im hgèmdsds fi mh ecni fdhMh \i ph (euyc tixtc is erdtc ig 8055 c 8056 `h sdfc pu jmdehfcig imJcmitîg fim Dgstdtutc Zdvh-Hbýirc) ivdfig edh qui Nhguim Hseig edc Uiburh dgbri sõ risuimthnig-ti ig im ehnpc fi mh pcmîtdeh ig is th cjrh. Ig mh ixpri sdõg fi sig tdndig tcs pcpumhris heireh fi mhvdfh pûjmdeh, si hfi mhgtõ h mc qui `dzc nès thrfi, ig 8099, ig su ois ti khfh ecni fdhIm risdbghfc.

Mhs isei ghs fi Mh \i ph trhgseurrig ig Hri qudph. Oimdpi mmibh h isth edufhf. Ui ri tdrh fi mh ehrri-rh ndmdthr, qudiri vcmvir h su pui jmc y istè ighnc rhfc fi fc øh Kcsi oh, mh \iph. \i rc im phfri fiis th, fcg Hbustîg, mh qudiri ehshr ecg fcg \i frc. Hn jcs scg bh nh rrdsths, c sih pirti gi eig h

ish ourdjug fh siethqui pirturjh fim Isthfcmh nhre`h mibhm y juigh.

\hrh immcs

mh cpdgdõg is ug euirgc y gc `hy nès miy qui mh ouir zhmh pûjmdeh ecgvigdigedhis mh ûgdeh miy, hndbch mh qui fiji im qui bcjdirghsu kithrsi1 mc finèsis jui gc phrh ecgvirsh,

Ui fi emhrhg igi ndbcs "fi mh hghrquîh y mh dgscmigedh". Uu hpcyc fi edsdvc is tè ig im ikäredtc.Fcg Hbustîg si `hmmh ig nhmh sdtuhedõg iecgõndeh1 y ecgoîh ig cjti gir ug ehrbc pûjmdec brhedhsh fcg \i frc. \i rc Kcsi oh hnh h Oimdpi. Mh hnphrh fcg Hgtcgdc, hehufhmhfc `ir nh gc fi fcgHbustîg, igi ndbc fi mcs ndmdthris y fi oigscr fi mh phrtdedphedõg edvdm ig mh cjrh fi mh Dgfi pig-fig edh. H Bhnh rrh fi fdeh fcg Hgtcgdc mcs ipîti tcs nès fu rcs. Mc mmhnh "tdrhgc", "ncgstruc","odirh", "dgbrhtc", "erdndghm", "vdm", "ehghmmh". Äm y sus phrtdfhrdcs scg

cpriscris dgu nh gcsfi mcs puijmcs dgfi oigscs ,mhfrcgis fi guis trh `cgrh y fim pûjmdec scsdibc.Ndmdthris…

Fis puäs fi ugcs mhgeis iquî vcecs ig qui Kcsioh y su erdhfh ig mh cseurdfhf ecg ougfig h fcg\i frc ecg Oimdpi, si fis eujri qui hquim is tè pri tig fdigfc hm ndsnc tdin pc h ctrh nu kir. Fcg



I g euhg tc h mcs cj kitdvcs bi gi rhmisfim Ecgbri sc fi \h ghnè, eric dg gi-ei shrdc dgsdstdr ig qui sus prc põ sdtcs

rih mis y sus pcsdjdmdfh fis gc oui rcg nèshmmè fi dgtig thr ugh ech mdedõg fi oigsdvh ignh ycr brhfc, fis tdghfh h ris buhrfhr mhdgfi pig fig edh. @hsth ig tcg eis, mcs nc fi-mcs ig usc ig Iu rcph gc `h jîhg ph shfc fiisi td pc fi ig tig fdndig tcs, sdin priec yugturhmis, fdrdbdfcs h ugh odghmdfhf ecg-eri th y ri gc vhfcs fi heuir fc ecg mhs edr-eugs thgedhs. (...)

Gc ph ri ei hvig turhfc hodrnhr qui gdg bu-gc fi mcs Is thfcs ecn prc ni tdfcs pcr suspmigdpc tig edhrdcs isthjh ig ecg fdedcgis gdti gîh vcmugthf fi hsu ndr thmis cjmdbhedcgisy im risumthfc ecg odrnõ qui ig \h ghnè ―thn pc ec ig mh dgoruetuc sh is pi rh ig Vheu-jh yh- mhs gibc edhedcgis mcbrhrcg su pi rhrmhs giju mcshs fi mh dnhbdgh

\i rc, gc oui, thg sõ mc, ig \hghnè, fcg fimcs phetcs qui fh rcg pcs puis tcs hm fîhsdbudig ti fi `h jir sd fc sus erdtcs; Nès hfi-mhgti, ig 8062, ig 809?, ig 80?6 y ig hm bu-gh ctrh oi e`h, ig edr eugs thgedhs dbuhmis chûg nès hpri ndhg tis, si riu gdircg mcsgi bc edhfc ris fi mhs ri pû jmdehs hni rdehghs,ecg sundi rcg dgecg thjmis si nh ghs cni sis ig sus fi jh tis, y sus erdjdi rcg nûmtd-pmis dgstrunig tcs, fi mcs euh mis gd sdqudirhugc, sõ mc ugc, mmibõ h sir pir oieedcghfc y h

ti gir eun pmdndig tc. Ig mcs prdni rcs edg-euig th høcs fi vd fh dgfi pig fdig ti, gc ouipc sdjmi ugdodehr pug tcs fi vds th. Vhnpc echeir ehrsi h ug ecg sig sc ig hqui mmc quipu fdi rh sir ug imi nig tc eru edhm1 gd hûg h

fi odgdr fõg fi is thjhg c euè mis irhg mcsdgti ri sis ecn phrtdfcs. Is is ti hs pie tc imqui si `h nhg ti gdfc ig mh pi gun jrh,ec nc sd ixds tdirh ug hsc nc fi pu fcr ph rhix pmdehr mh dgehphedfhf fi prc yie thr mh vdfhig ec nûg, pri odrdägfc si fd sdnu mhr mhs fish-vi gig edhs rieîprc ehs u ceumthr mcs prcpdcsirrc ris. Im risumthfc h sd fc qui, ig nu e`csfi is tcs eh scs, si `h pri oirdfc fds eurrdr pcrmhs pmèedfhs vi ri fhs fi ugh ”`ds tc rdh mhufh-tc rdh„ ―ixpri sdõg fi Zhûm \crrhs-- c is erdjdrmhs pèbdghs fi ugh ”`ds tc rdh rcshfh„ ―drõgdehehmdodehedõg fi Kcrbi Jh shfri-- yh qui, igmhs ctrhs edreugs thgedhs, im inpi øc si `hfdrdbdfc ig ugc c ig ctrc fi guis trc phî sish jus ehr ug ris pcg shjmi fi guis trh nh mh-vig turh, pir odmhgfc im sîgfrc ni fi ug ”igi-ndbc pri fdmietc„1 c istdnu mhgfc mcs ikired-edcs fi pig shndig tc ph rh ecg vir tdr mhs `ds-tc rdh ig im fi rrcti rc fi mh pir si euedõg fiug ”ti rrdtc rdc dnhbdghrdc„ ecnc ri sumth fi mhprc puis th fi ug sc edõmcbc hr big tdgc. \i rc,pcr mc ndsnc, is ths ecg emusdcgis, fi siredirths, gcs fi ji rîhg mmivhr h ug hgèmdsds fimhs ehushs fi guis tsc edõmcbc hr big tdgc.\i rc, pcr mc ndsrh ecg omdetdvh rih mdfhf dg tir-ghedcghm, qui yh si hgugedh euhgfc siemhusurhg mhs sisdcgis fim Ecg bri sc fi \h

Kuhg NdbuImJèaumh, gcthJmI

`dstcrdhfcr fI mhfdpmcNhedh

pIruhgh, rIsIøhhsî su Kudedc

`dstõrdec scJrIIm sdbgdodehfc fIm

ecgbrIsc fIphghNè fI 80:?

rIomIxdcgIs scJrI Im prdNIrecgbrIsc phghNIrdehgdsth

2: \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 84

Mh edufhf fi Hri qudph si hm zõ hohvcr fim pri sdfig ti Cr ji bc sc,ti gdigfc pcr mîfir hm bigi rhm

Fc ndgbc Gditc. Im : fi hjrdm fi 8056,is ti fi jdõ jh tdrsi ecg trh mhs trcphs fimbi gi rhm Uhg Zcnèg, qudig dg tig thjhceuphr mh edufhf. \cr ig tcg eis ri sdfîhig Hri qudph mh pcsti rdcrnig ti ohnc shis erdtc rh oindgdsth orhgecpi ruhgh OmcrhVrdstèg, qudig `h fi kh fc ug sh jrc scri mhtc fi mcs suei sdvcs ehn jdcs fiù ncr fim pui jmc hriqudpi øc ndig trhsmh jhthmmh isthjh hûg dgfi edsh. Vcnh fcfi; \i ri brdgh edcgis fi ugh ph rdh, Mdnh;YGNUN-Eigtrc fi mh Nu kir \i ruhghOmcrh Vrdstèg, :<<5, p. 688.

”Is th gceì is tuvc phrh nî mmigh fiig si øhgzhs. Im ehrèetir fi is ti pui jmctdigi ug si mmc qui mi is pieumdhr; su bus-tc pcr mc nhrhvdmmcsc y mh ixhbi rhedõgis ix trhcr fdghrdc. Gc pcfrîh fi edr euèg-ths `dstc rdhs nhehjrhs oui rcg ri oirdfhsfu rhgti is th mhrbh vi mhfh, euèg thsnig tdrhs ouircg fde`hs, tc fc ecg ughpmcnc y ecg ugh fdb gdfhf, qui gcpc fîhg fi khr fi hf ndrhr. Mcs qui iseu-e`h jhg prc jh jhg, ecg su orîh dgfdoirig-edh, qui eriîhg nuy pc ec fi mcs euig tcsqui mis ghrrhjhg.

\i rc, fi ri pig ti, eh fh viz qui si ri ed-jîhg gc tdedhs virfh fi rhs c ohmshs fi mcqui ceu rrîh ig im ehnpc fi jh thmmh, si

hjhg fc ghjh mh ghrrhedõg fi euig tcs ymh ecgvir shedõg ehnjdhjh. Ud ug scmfh-

fc ì rdfc si hrrhs trhjh `h edh im `cspd-thm y fieîh qui mcs hriqudpi øcs `h jîhgpir fdfc mh jhthmmh si imivhjh ig si bud-fh ig mh shmh ug runc jur misec. Uivcedoirhjh ecg trh im ecjhr fi, im jrd-jõg, im dnjä edm fi Gditc y si ixhmthjhhm fdbgc, hm jrhvc, hm bmcrdcsc UhgZcnèg. Mcs jui gcs orhdmis fi UhgtcFc ndgbc fdrdbîhg hm edimc sus vctcssdgei rcs phrh qui isi pi rrc fi Gdi tcouisi nuir tc y si pc gîhg h `heir ìr-nc scs prc yie tcs ph rh mh jrdmmhgtiri eip edõg qui ecg thjhg `h eir hm dmus-tri Uhg Zcnèg. Yg euhr tc fi `c rh fis-puäs, sd ctrc scmfh fc ph shjh brdthgfc;‐¡_dvh im bigi rhm Gditc! ¡Mh vdetc rdh isguis trh! ¡Uhg Zcnèg is tè pir fdfc!‐,ig tcg eis mcs hsdstig tis hpmhufîhg, mcsjui gcs ph fris phmnc tih jhg ecg sustcs ehs nh gcs ix emhnhg fc; ‐¡C`!, ¡imvhmdigti bi gi rhm! ¡Euègtc vhmcr! ¡Euèg-tc th migtc! ¡Ecgfi ghfc sih isi nd si rh-jmi dgfdc, isi zhn jc fi Uhg Zc nèg!‐.Nd tîc Qfcg \îc Vrdstèg, qudig trhs mhehpdtumhedõg fi Hyheue`c, oui rh gcn-jrh fc pcr Nh frdf, vd rriy fim \i rû^ti nîh vir si ecn prc ni tdfc pcr hqui-mmcs dnpir tdgig tis e`hr mhthgis, thgrdfî eumcs ecnc fis pri edhjmis, pi rc igvhgc in pmihjh tc fh su imceuig edh ig`h eir mcs ehmmhr. Uus isouirzcs irhg dgû-tdmis puis ig mh ghtu rhmizh fi mhs big-tis fi is ti phîs is tè im hjrunhr sdgpdifhf y sdg ni fdfh hm qui ehi, ph rh

hmhjhr ecg ixh bi rhedõg hm qui `h tigd-fc äxdtc„.

MCU FDoîEDMIUVDIN\CU FI MH

MuE@H IgVZIEHuFDMMCU T MHU

EHNJDHgVIUMIHMVHFIU FI MCU\uIJMCU FIM \IZÛ

UI \CgIg FIZIMDI_I Ig ug

VIxVC FI MHECgCEDFH

IUEZDVCZH oMCZHVZDUV g.

HZIquD\H ECgVZH UHg ZCN g




sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9Hgtcgdc eigsurh h Oimdpi qui si `h yh dgtrcfu edfc h fis `c rhs h pirturjhr im scsdibc fi ugh eh sh`cg rhfh1 pirc riedji hn pmdhs ixpmdehedcgis, puis ù jc ugh edth fi Kcsioh phrh hemhrhr mh sdtuhedõg.Hfi nès Oimdpi ri vimh sus dfihs cpuisths hm räbdnig dn pi rhgti y su prcpõsdtc fi in puøhr mhshrnhs sd Bhnh rrh pritig fi nhg ti gir si ig im pcfir fis puäs fi qui tir ndgi su pi rîcfc mibhm. Hgtiis th hetdtuf si ig tusdhsnh fcg Hg tcgdc, mc heipth ecnc gc vdc fi su scjrdgh y mi prcni ti ri bhmhr-

mi fdgi rc. Mh ecni fdh tirndgh ecg mhs sdbudigtis phmhjrhs fim pirscgh ki;

…qui jig fdbh im edimcisth ugdõg y qui immh fä phrh im igbrhgfi edndigtcfi mh phtrdh, edufhfhgcsecnc su phfri, piroietcs1 qui ecgczehgqui im scmfhfcis ug hpc yc fim puijmc y gc su hzcti. Xui si phgqui im fijir fi ug vir fhfi rcndmdthr, is scstigir fi sus ìr nh gcs mcs ouircs1 puis isth is su dgstdtuedõg ¡gc h yh fdstdgedõg! ncstrincshm nugfc qui ig im \irûgc ixdstig mcs prdvdmibdcsIsti si rè im ni kcr ncfcfi od khr ig guistrc suimcmh fde`h y fi qui pcr sdin primh fumei phz fdsorutincs.

Mh \i ph is ugh cjrh frh nè tdehnig ti nuy sdn pmi y sdg nhycr nä rdtc mdti rhrdc. Mh phsdõg pcmîtdeh`h ì e`c ùdr mh scgrdsh fim iserdtcr ecstun jrdsth. _cei rc sdinpri fi eriig edhs pcpumhris, riomi kh imis thfc fi ègd nc pû jmdec h odgis fi 8055 c ec ndig zcs fi 8056, is fi edr isecbi mh miyigfh gi brhhgtdbhnh rrdsth. Hm ndsnc tdin pc, fh ehjdfh h sig tdndig tcs hgtdndmdthrdsths, c edvdmdsths qui sdrvig phrhig trcgehr isth ithph fi mh `dstcrdh ripujmdehgh ecg mh qui inirbdõ fispuäs ig 8066, 802: y 8049.

Q v ÎKIN\MHZ HEVDVYF FINCEZÈVDEH FI GDIVC.- Gditc, qui is thjh ig Hri qudph, `hjîhsdfc dgvdthfc pcr Bhnh rrh phrh qui hpcyhsi im bcmpi fi Is thfc ecg trh mh Ecgvig edõg Ghedcghmy ecgtrh Crji bcsc. Ig su rispuis th isthn põ is ths trinig fhs phmhjrhs; "Ni dgvdth Yf. h hpcyhrim phsc nès is ehgfhmcsc i dgohni qui eu jrdrè fi mu tc h mh phtrdh y fi ixierhedõg h sus hutcris,ecnc sd gc ù jdi si fh fc yh prui jh suodedigti fi nd hncr pcr im cr fig fi mhs miyis. ³Eõnc `h

pcfdfc Yf. `h eir thnh øc dgsumtc h nd `cg rhfiz khnès fis nig tdfh3 Yf. shji qui scy edi bh-nig ti hfdetc h mh miy y h mh prcspi rdfhf fim \i rû… ecnc phr tdeumhr mc rispi thrä pi rc ecncbi gi rhm gc pirti giz ec sdgc h mh Zipûjmdeh. Tc sdbc mh ehush fi mh miy y fi mh vcmugthf bi gi rhm"."Ndri Yf. h isth pcjri ph trdh qui `h suordfc thg tc y qui gc is pc sdjmi `heirmh suordr nès pcrhspdrhedcgis vir bcgzcshs i dgfdbghs fi nd mdthris qui fi jig fhr ikin pmc fi `cgcr".

FI UHZZCMMC FI MH BYIZZH ED _DM.- Mh buirrh edvdm tuvc tris origtis. Im origti sur si mceh-mdzõ ig Hriqudph, sujmivhfh hm nhgfc fi Gdi tc h ohvcr fi Cr ji bcsc, hm shjir si im bcmpi fi Is th-

QUIBuZH^ _CUDIN\ZI FIEZIIgEDHU\C\uMHZIU,ZIoMIKH IMIUVHFC FI \ÛJMDEC H FI 8055 CECNDIgzCU 8056, IU FIED

IUECBI MHMITIgFH gIBHgVDBHNHHM NDUNC FH EHJDFH HUIgVDNDIgVHgVDNDMDC ED_DMDUUDZ_Ig \HZHIgVZCgEHZ IVH\H FI MH@DUVCZDHZI\uJMDEHgMH quI INIZBFIU\uäU Ig 80802: T 8049.










hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

fc fi Mdnh y hnh bhfh pcr mhs trcphs bhnh rrdsths fi mhs viedghs ribdcgis fi Euz ec y \ugc euyc kioi irh Ndbuim Uhg Zcnèg. Gditc pdfdõ huxdmdc h Uhgth Eruz. Isti gc kuzbõ qui im kioi fi Hri qud-ph tuvdirh suodedigti hutcrdfhf1 y ripusc qui mh scmdedtuf fi jîh phrtdr fi Crji bcsc y fi mhs ecr-pcrhedcgis fi mhs edufhfis pi ruhghs fim sur. H nifdhfcs fi oi jri rc mmibõ h Hriqudph im hbigtishgtheruedgc Imîhs Jifc yh h fdseutdr scjri is ths ecgfdedcgis. _hmfdvdh, h qudig Gditc ig ecnig fõ

su ripri sig thedõg, ecgtis tõ qui yh Crji bcsc ti gîh ouirzhs ecgsdfi rhjmis ig im gcrti y qui mhedufhf fi Hri qudph `hjîh sdfc puis th ig is thfc fi pc fir ecn jh tdr h Uhg Zcnèg.Im : fi hjrdm fi 8056, mcs hriqudpi øcs ig tusdhsths y nhm hrnh fcs, si ig origthrcg h mhs trcphs

fim ndmdthr pugi øc. Im igeuig trc mis oui ohvcrhjmi. Uhg Zcnèg si ri tdrõ scjri mhs hmturhs fi Ehg-bhmmc y prcvceõ ugh igtri vdsth ecg Gditc. Uibûg is ti, mi coriedõ riecgceir h Crji bcsc. \cr immcsi ix pmdeh qui si mi igvdhrèg 8: ehrbhs fi nu mhs fi prcvdsdcgis qui `hr th ohmth mi `heîhg.

Mcs trhtcs gc mcbrhrcg juig ri sumthfc1 y mh mue`h in pi zõ fi gui vc, ceuphgfc Uhg Zcnègni kcris pc sdedcgis ig Ehg bhmmc. Hmmî oui hthehfc im 9 fi hjrdm. Uhg Zcnèg si ecg sdfi rõ fi rrcthfc,ù yõ y euhgfc si ecg sdfi rõ siburc si fdrdbdõ h Jirnû fiz ph rh ecnu gdehrmi im fisohvcrhjmirisumthfc fim ig euig trc. Im ecrcgim isphøcm Jirghrfc Is eufi rc, qui ocrnh jh phrti fim ndsncikäredtc, mcbrõ riugdr h mcs fdspir scs y, hgdnèg fc mcs, pufc ehir sc jri mhs ùistis fi Gdi tc ypcgir mhs ig fiscrfig. Gditc si fdrdbdõ h Hriqudph y si ritdrõ h Hrdeh pcr nhr, fis puäs fi cr fi ghrqui Ehstdmmh nhre`hrh ecg mh ehjh mmirîh h Ncqui buh y Vhegh.

Ig im origti fim gcrti, Uhmhvirry hscedhfc hm phrtdfc fi Cr ji bcsc, hprisõ ig Vru kdmmc h su hgtd-buc pir si budfcr, _dfhm.

@[email protected] Ig im origti fim eigtrc, hm qui si fdrdbdõ Crji bcsc, tuvdircg mubhr mhs isei ghsfi edsdvhs fi mh buirrh edvdm. Bhnh rrh nhre`õ hm Euzec phrh ocrnhr gui vcs iminig tcs fi fi oigsh.Jir nû fiz, ecg ug pi qui øc ikäredtc euyh bigti irh vi ti rhgh y fdsedpmdghfh, in prig fdõ mh ritdrhfhfim vhmmi fi Khu kh ig fdrieedõg fi Hyheue`c ph rh riugdrsi ecg Orîhs, prioietc fi isi fi phrthnig-tc. Brhgfi irh im ioietc qui im ripufdc pcpumhr ehushjh ig fd e`c ikäredtc, h mc euhm si hbribõ imfdsbustc hgti Jir nû fiz ig qudig si eig surhjh mh hphtîh, im fishedirtc y im pcec eudfhfc ecg mhtrcph, puis gc shtdsoheîh sus giei sdfhfis gd mh hmigthjh fi nc fc hmbugc1 h tcfc mc euhm si hbribõmh gctdedh, qui ugcs pcecs kiois tuvdircg, fi qui pri tig fîh scmdedthr mh dgtir vigedõg fi Uhgth Eruz.Orîhs y Ieìgdqui (euig th isti ig sus ni nc rdhs) si hphmhjrh rcg phrh fi pcgir mc fispuäs fi mhjh thmmh ecg Crji bcsc. Igecgtrèrcgsi hn jcs jhg fcs ig @uhymheue`c, eir eh fi @uhgehvimdeh.@ujc nc vdndig tcs tèetdecs, ehrbhs fi ehjh mmirîh y ugcs euhgtcs fdsphrcs. Orîhs ehyõ nuir tc pcrug mhgzhzc igi ndbc1 pirc mhs ouirzhs fi Crji bcsc irhg ecmietdedhs nuy fäjdmis y nuy ìti rcbä-gihs pi si hm gûni rc y mh ehmdfhf fi mcs kiois qui mhs nhgfhjhg, ig tri mcs qui si fis thehjhgZdvh-Hbýirc, Gieceìh, Ndmmir, Mh Ouigti, Eir fi øh, Ctirc y Uhmhvirry. Ui ritdrhrcg vigedfhs (82 fihjrdm). Udg injhrbc pufdircg rihbruphrsi yh qui Jir nû fiz gc mhs pirsdbudõ fi dgni fdhtc.

Hm codedhm h qudig si mi htrdjuîh mh nuirti fi Orîhs, ugh fhnh fi Hyh eue`c si khethjh fi h jir-mi mmhnh fc h su ehsh phrh ji shrmi mhs nhgcs, sibûg euig th im vdh kirc orhgeäs Fi Uhrtdbis1 h thmpugtc `h jîh mmibhfc h sir cfdhfc ig ish edufhf.

IM HJZH[C FI NH XYDG@YH TC.- Crji bcsc `dzc hmtc ig Khu kh. Euhtrc fîhs fis puäs fi mh heedõgfi @uhymheue`c, Jir nû fiz nhr e`õ ig su jus eh. "Vuvdircg mubhr ig im ehndgc hetcs dnprcpdcs fiJir nû fiz ecg mh ouirzh qui cndtc fi thmmhr, pirc qui hehjh rcg fi fds busthr thgtc h immh ecnc h mcs kiois y codedhmis (euigth Ieì gdqui ig sus ni nc rdhs). Ohstdfdhfc yc `hs th mc dgodgdtc ecg mcs ûmtdncssuei scs qui ri ehîhg scjri nd nh mh vcmugthf fi sir vdr ig hquimmh ehush y finès edreugsthgedhs quini fi ncs trhjhg im gdgbûg prcvie`c qui fh rîh hm phîs ish buirrh hug ig im ehsc fi qui trdugoèrh-ncs, ec sh prcjh jmi pcr mhs ecgfdedcgis fim ehufdmmc1 pirsuhfdfc fi qui ecg thm trdugoc y hugqui

VZHU MH NuIZVI FIMZIT oIZgHgFC _DD,Uu @DKH DUHJIM IU

\ZCEMHNHFH ZIDgHFI IU\HøH H MCU

VZIU HøCU FI IFHF.MH ZIBIgEDH ouIIgEHZBHFH H Uu

NHFZI, NHZîH

EZDUVDgH FIJCZJÕg, @HUVH 806<,EuHgFC VCNÕ IUVHVHZIH JHMFCNIZC

oIZg gFIzIU\HZVIZC. H MCU 85

HøCU, Ig 8065, DUHJIMouI FIEMHZHFH

NHTCZ FI IFHF T

\uFC oDgHMNIgVIHUuNDZ IM VZCgC.

:4UIVDINJZI8055

Q isphøh ^



jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj


Ecgcedfh pcpumhrnecnc ”Mh Nhrdsehmispcsh fi HbustîgBhnhrrh. Mue`õ h sumhfc ig vhrdhs jhthmecnc mh fi Jcmdvdh80:0. Fcøh \hge`h,hpimhtdvc qui mi fhsus nès eirehgcsecmhjcrhfcris, phrtdhetdvhnigti ig mh pcmîtdeh ghedcghmqui ùdr fim phîs ig8056, trhs im nctîgmdfirhfc pcr Crjibcs

OZHGEDUEHFI BHNHZZH(80<5-8059)

ouirh fi edsdvc y fcndgèrhncs ecn pmithnig ti gc irh pc sdjmi cj ti gir mh isthjdmdfhf fim phîs gd pir-nh gi eir ig phz puis gcs `h rîh buirrh ecgsthgti, bui rrh fi tc fcs nc fcs, isi brhg phr tdfc ecg trhrdch gcsctrcs h euyc ohvcr isthjh mh nhycrîh fi mcs puijmcs1 qui fi ctrc nc fc sd ärhncs hmmî vigedfcsmh buirrh si fdmhthrîh y si `hrîh dgtirndghjmi ecg mcs rieurscs qui Bhnh rrh si ùjdi rh priphrhfc igim sur euycs pui jmcs mi irhg ohvcrhjmis1 qui, ig odg, mc ûgdec ohvcrhjmi y prcvie`c sc phrh mh Zipûjmd-

eh irh `heir tir ndghr ish buirrh fi ug nc fc ph eîodec, puis immc ecgfu edrîh h mh ugdõg fi mcs phrtdfcsy mh ecgecrfdh, ûgdec nc fc fi mcbrhr su isthjdmdfhf, ni fi edfî h virdodehr istc".Ui pusc hsî Ieì gdqui fi heuir fc ecg gu ni rcscs kiois i dgtig tõ qui Jir nû fiz ei mijrhrh ug

trhthfc ecg Cr ji bcsc. Ecnc si gi bhrh, `dzc hvdshr hm \risdfig ti igi ndbc pcr ni fdc fi ug kioiprdsdcgi rc mc qui djh h ceurrdr ecg im odg fi qui gc si ritdrhsi h Mdnh. Ig si budfh, Jir nû fiz ouifi puis tc, y si mis fdircg mhs ohedmdfhfis ph rh qui vdh khsi kugtc ecg \hg fc y im pirdcfdsth HgfräsBhrrdfc, ri fhetcr fi Mh Cmdvh fi Hyheue`c. Mhs trcphs qui `h jîhg sdfc jir nu fdsths igecgtrhrcg hmhs fi Crji bcsc ig cr fig fi jh thmmh, ig im mmhgc fi Nh qudguhyc, eireh fim puijmc fi isi gcn jriig mh prcvdgedh fi Khu kh. Crji bcsc nhg fõ qui hn jhs ouirzhs ocrnh rhg phji mmcgis y qui ig si bud-fh nhr e`hsig mcs scmfhfcs fi ughs y ctrhs `hs th pcgir si origti h origti. Ui fdircg ig tcgeis ughjrhzc ig tis tdnc gdc fi ecgorhtir gdfhf y ecg ecrfdh ig ni fdc fi ug kûjdmc bigi rhm (:6 fi hjrdm).

Im fieritc fi :9 fi hbcs tc fi 8056 cr fi gõ mivhgthr ugh ecmungh ig isi mubhr ecg mh sdbudigtiig oètdeh dgserdpedõg; "Im hncr h mh phtrdh ugdõ hquî, ig im ndsnc sdtdc y ig mh ndsnh `c rh, h qudigissi djhg h jhtdr1 y ecgvdrtdõ ig ehnpc fi hnds thf im qui djh h sirmc ig shgbri. Hjrdm :6 fi 8056".

Ui `h ivcehfc, h vi eis, im hjrhzc fi Nh qudguhyc ecg jur mh y is ehrgdc. Im ikäredtc pcecs fîhshgtis vig ei fcr ri sumtõ ig brcshgfc mhs ouirzhs fim vigedfc. Ig rih mdfhf, oui ugh kcrghfh fi eh rèetireîvdec. Mh ouirzh dnphmphjmi fi mh cpdgdõg pûjmdeh si dnpusc scjri mh ecgsdbgh ndmdthr1 mhs ecgsdfi-rhedcgis fi eh rèetir ghedcghm fcjmibhrcg hm ispîrdtu fi jhg fi rîh c fi oheedõg. Ud ig ctrcs ipdscfdcsfi mhs buirrhs edvdmis y ripujmdehghs prdnh rcg mhs tigfig edhs h mh hghrquîh c h mh fdsbribhedõg, hquîsi hmigtõ ug sig tdfc fi sc mdfhrdfhf ph trdõtdeh phrh h`crrhr hm phîs mèbrdnhs y shgbri ig mh ispi rhgzhfi cj ti gir ugh phz furhfi rh.

H\CVIÕUDEC ZIBZIUC FI CZJI BCUC H MDNH.- Im 5 fi nhyc fi 8056 ri bri sõ Crji bcsch Mdnh fis puäs fi mh kcrghfh fi Nh qudguhyc. Äm ndsnc `h gh rrhfc mh nhgdoisthedõg hpctiõ sd-eh qui tuvc. Hrti shgcs y kcrghmircs mi shehrcg fim eceì y mi mmivhrcg ig jrh zcs hm dgti rdcr fim\hmhedc fi Bcjdirgc.

\ZC \YIUVHU FI BHNHZZH H GDIVC UCJZI OI FI ZHEDÕG. HEVDVYF FI MYGH\D[HZZC.- Ig mh igtri vdsth rihmdzhfh ig hjrdm igtri Gditc y Uhg Zcnèg ig Hri qudph, istimi `hjîhcoriedfc ugîrsimi ecg thm qui si siphrhsi fim bcjdirgc fi Cr ji bcsc y ouirh h mh oifi rhedõg fi mcsfi phrthnig tcs fim sur. Isti pmhg gc oui heip thfc. Udg injhrbc, hm mmibhr h Vhegh, ig ri tdrhfh fiHriqudph, nhgfõ Gditc hm ecrcgim Nhguim fi mh Buhrfh y h su hyufhgti _dbdm h Jcmdvdh, ecg ecnu-gdehedcgis hm ndgdstrc \i frc Hgtcgdc fi mh Vcrri phrh qui pdfdirh im huxdmdc fi Uhgth Eruz. \cec

fis puäs si ri tdrõ h Hrdeh, hjhgfc ghgfc Vhegh qui oui ceuphfh pcr Bhnh rrh.Im 8< fi nhyc si pri sig tõ ig Hrdeh ig gcn jri fi isti, im ec rcgim Jirghrfc Is eufi rc h `heir hGditc prcpuis ths fi hrri bmc scjri mh jhsi fi oi fi rhedõg fi mcs fiphrthnig tcs fi Hyheue`c, Euzec,\u gc y Hriqudph, mh fisdbghedõg fi Gditc ecnc ki oi fi immcs y mh erihedõg fi tris Is thfcs, Jc mdvdh,Eig trc y Gcrti jh kc mh prisdfig edh fi Uhgth Eruz, qui sirîh bhrhgti fi euhg tc ouirh istdpumhfc.

Gditc gcn jrõ ec nc ec ndsdcghfcs hm ecrcgim Ehndmc Ehrrdmmc y Nhguim Zcs1 pirc hn jcs si gi bh-rcg h heipthr mhs jhsis fh fhs pcr Iseufi rc y prisig thrcg ctrhs qui ixdbîhg mh sdnpmi i dgecgfdedcghmrig fdedõg fi mhs ouirzhs fi Bhnh rrh hm bcjdirgc fi Cr ji bcsc. Mh ndsdõg fi Iseufi rc `hjîh, puis,orhehshfc. Bhnh rrh hjhgfc gõ Vhegh im 8? fi nhyc y nhre`õ ecg sus trcphs scjri Nc qui buh.



jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj


Fdpmcnètdec orhgemmibõ h \irû ig 8056ndsnc høc inpizõ ugriecrrdfc pcr mcs Hgfisfi Hriqudph h MdIg 8059 tuvc ughfishbrhfhjmiixpirdigedh kugtc eceõgsum dgbm s; fi pcr mhs `hedigfhs _Uhg Vhfic igecgtrhrhm jhgfcmirc MiõgIsecjhr, qudig mcs h y tcnõ tcfhs sus pirtigigedhs,dgemuyigfc mh rcphìe`c oui riprisigthfcig ug brhjhfc fi mh

pceh qui vincs hquMh vdsdth fi Uhrtdbh guistrc phîs quifõribdstrhfh ig sumdjrc_cyhbi fhgsmis Z pujmdquisfi m¶Hn rdqui fu Uu

fi 8098.

IVDIGGI BDFI UHZVDBI(80<4-804:)

mi hecnc fh is, sdg in jhrbc, im trh ki fi ncg thr. Hecstun jrh mh Nhrdsehmh rcgfhr mcs euhrti mis1 y ughviz ig qui scr prig fi ug nc tîg ig ug euhrtc fi buhr fdhs, mc fiji mh ecg su sdnpmi prisig edh; "E`c-mcs, ³usti fis ecg trh nî3". Euhgfc ig 805< si pc gi ig is eigh ig Mdnh mh ecni fdh fi Kuhg \äriz fiNcgthmvèg Mh Ncg kh Hmoäriz , im Bcjdirgc dnpdfi su ri pri sig thedõg. Ig 8058, Bhnh rrh fi kh ig impcfir hm vdei pri sdfig ti Mh Ouigti1 y si fdrdbi hm sur, pcrqui hni ghzh ugh guivh buirrh ecg Jcmdvdh.

Mh Nhrdsehmh ecg im prioietc fi Mdnh, Imäspuru, si qui fhg vdbdmhgfc h Mh Ouigti. Is ti trhth fi gcig vdhr riouirzcs y fi ecg vcehr ug ecgbri sc qui mc `hbh prisdfig ti fi odgdtdvc. Mh Nhrdsehmh hjri mhsehrths qui trhig mcs pcstdmmcgis fi prc vdgedhs, sifu ei h mcs codedhmis fi õrfi gis qui pcr thg nig sh- kis1 hzuzh h pirdcfdsths y ispîhs1 y, hm odg, mhgzh h mhs ehmmis ugh pcjmhfh qui jus eh h Mh Ouigti ig suehsh y mc `hei ùdr pcr mcs tie`cs phrh jusehr muibc ri oubdc ig ug jhrec gcrtihni rdehgc hgemhfcig im Ehmmhc. Nûsdeh, ecmbhfu rhs, ec i tis, ri pdquis y `hsth ndshs eimijrhg mh kcrghfh, mh "ehnphøhfi mhs e`dni gihs" ì e`h vi mcznig ti pcr im jrhvc Mh Ouigti, fdeig mcs pirdõfdecs bhnh rrdsths.

Oärrihnig ti fc ndghg ig mcs fcs sdbudigtis høcs (805: y 8055) mh Nhrdsehmh y Bhnh rrh.Im nhrdgc gcrtihni rdehgc Zuseìg jir bir, qui is tuvc ig im \irû igtri 805: y hbcstc fi 8055,

iserdjdõ heireh fi immh mc sdbudigti; "Mh \risdfig th, ecnc is immh mmhnh fh, is nès jdig ugh nu kir hmthy htrhyigti, pi rc fi nh sdhfc in jcg pcdgt phrh sir ji mmh. Vdigi ugh ehji zh hmth y fi shrrcmmhfh y ugrcstrc dgti mdbig ti. Uus nhgi rhs scg nhseumdghs y mi kcs fi mc brèedm. Uus hetcs scg mcs fi ug `cn jri.Fdsphrh mh pdstcmh ecg brhg priedsdõg ig im tdrc, nhgi kh mh isphfh ecg nu e`h hbdmdfhf y is ug hrrdis-bhfc i dgträpdfc kdgi ti. Uu fdvirsdõg nhycr ig mhs tirtumdhs ecgsdsti ig kubhr hkifriz. Gugeh jhdmh.Ghedõ ig im Euzec, `d kh fi ug bi gi rhm phtrdcth y puifi hodrnhr si qui ri edjdõ su ifu ehedõg ig imehn phnig tc. Vdigi h`c rh hmrifi fcr fi 5< høcs y fi fdeh brhg htigedõg h mh pcmîtdeh1 ig virfhf hodr-nhg qui im bigi rhm Bhnh rrh fi ji h mhs hptdtufis fi immh `hjir ri ti gdfc mh \risdfig edh thgtc tdin-pc ecnc mc `h ì e`c".

Ig vhgc si hmzh ig im \hrmhnig tc mh vcz heushfc rh fi _dbdm. Mh äpceh is ug fdèmcbc ig tri ugsheirfc ti y ugh nu kir; im sheirfc ti ecg ec rhzõg fi gdøc, irufdedõg fi shjdc y vhmigtîh fi `ä rci ymh nu kir qui priodiri vis tdr fi `cn jri y jmhgfdr su mètdbc, isi mètdbc ecg im qui hzcth, sibûg FiUhrtdbis, h ug codedhm qui si kheth fi `h jir ri edjdfc sus ohvcris y ecg im qui nhgfh h mcs ecreì tisqui hphmiig hm dnpri scr fi Im Vimäbrhoc fi Mdnh pcrqui im pirdõfdec csh jur mhrsi fi immh.

Ig mh pcmîtdeh gc si pui fi vdvdr dgfi odgdfhnig ti ecg mh ixemusdvh odghmdfhf fi fu rhr. Mmibh, h odgisfi 8055, im ncnig tc fi imi bdr guivc prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh1 y mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm isecbihm ehgfdfhtc fi cpc sdedõg, Crji bcsc. Bhnh rrh hei im sdnu mherc fi ig tri bhrmi im pcfir1 pi rc ig eh-ji zh ug bcmpi fi Is thfc ecg mh buhrgdedõg fi Mdnh y sdtdh im Ehmmhc ig euycs ehstdmmcs si `h hsdmhfcCrji bcsc. Im :0 fi igi rc fi 8056 im puijmc fi Mdnh si su jmivh ecgtrh mh fdethfu rh pritcrdhgh. Hmehir mh gceì sdbui mh mue`h ig tri im puijmc y im ikäredtc y jhrrdmis fi hmqudtrèg dmundghg mhs isqudghs.Mhs trcphs qui `hg is thfc ig im hsifdc fim Ehmmhc igtrhg h Mdnh h shgbri y ouibc, hm nhgfc fi mhNhrdsehmh1 mdjir thg h mcs sdtdhfcs fi \h mhedc y si ritdrhg h mh sdirrh. Vistdbcs pri sig edhmis fiemhrhg`hjir mh vdstc phshr pcr mhs ehmmis h ehjh mmc ecg ugh ehph hzum y brhgh fi jcr fhfcs fi crc, fds phrhg-fc i dgedthgfc h mcs codedhmis h gc ei khr.

Im vdh kirc orhgeäs Fi Uhrtdbis is thjh ig im Euzec euhgfc Bhnh rrh y fcøh \hge`h mmibhrcg h ishedufhf. Fc øh \hge`h "gc `hjmhjh fim mivhgthndig tc fi Mdnh, sdgc ecg mcs mhjdcs hprithfcs (euig-

tc Fi Uhrtdbis) y `heîh hmhrfi fi fhr nuy prcg tc h mhs mdni øhs ug jhdmi fim qui si hecrfhrîhg ignu e`c tdin pc". Isthjh ig su ehsh ugh thrfi im orhgeäs, euhgfc im bhmcpi fi ug eh jh mmc riscgõ igim phtdc. Irh im nigsh kirc fi mh vdetcrdh ig Hriqudph. "Mh siøcrh fi Bhnh rrh fi kõ isehphr ug ¡Kisûs!hbufc ec nc im brdtc fi ugh tdbri sh y si mhgzõ hm euimmc fim codedhm eujdirtc fi pcmvc y mcfc". H Hri-qudph si fdrdbdõ1 pirc `hjîh mmibhfc, dgixcrhjmi, im cehsc. Im pcpumhe`c fi hqui mmh edufhf si su jmi-võ y immh oubõ. Ui in jhreõ ig Dsmhy, vigedfh `h jdig fc ti gdfc qui tdrhrsi fi ugh hzc tih hm phtdc fiugh ehsh viedgh, fdsorhzhfh fi emärdbc y prisig edhr im hshmtc y im shquic fi mh ehsh qui h jîh fi khfc.

Euhgfc fc øh Orhgedseh phsõ pcr im Ehmmhc, ig kugdc fi 8056, mh ecgcedõ ugh iserdtcrh orhgeish, Omc-rh Vrdstèg, qui h i e`c fi immh ug ritrhtc dgncr thm ig su mdjrc \i räbrdghtdcgs f—ugi \h rdi. "\rdsdcgi rh, fdei,










hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

fc øh \hge`h irh tc fhvîh prisdfigti. Mc ispcgtègic fi su bis tc nh gdoisthjh mh ecgedigedh qui tigîhfi su su pi rdcrdfhf. Ec nc mh eujdirth istuvdirh mmigh fi big ti, fc øh \hge`h `dzc ug hfi nèg sdbgdod-ehgfc is thr scmh y, ecnc pcr ig ehgtc qui fõ fi sdirth mh tcmfdmmh. Vcfc ig immh hgugedhjh h ugh nu kirixeip edcghm. Vigfrîh 56 c 5? høcs1 irh fi ni fdhgh thmmh y ouirti nig ti ecgs tdtudfh, h pishr fi `h jirsdfc nuy fim bhfh1 su odburh gc irh ig virfhf ji mmh, pirc, sd si kuzbhjh pcr im ioietc qui prc fu eîh ig

tcfc im nugfc, sc jri phshjh h mh ni kcr jimmizh. Ecnc Ghpcmiõg, im dnpi rdc fi su ji mmizh isthjh igsu ndrhfh1 euègth ouirzh, euègtc crbummc y pigi trhedõg1 ecg hquim hseig fdigti drrisdstdjmi immh dnpcgîhim rispi tc, igehfi ghjh mhs vcmugthfis, ehutdvhjh mh hfndrhedõg. Uu vcz tigîh ug scgdfc scr fc, fu rc,dnpi rhtdvc1 `hjmhjh fi nh gi rh jruseh. Ig mh igtrivdsth isthjh vis tdfh ecg ug vis tdfc mu kcsc, jcr fhfcig si fh jmhgeh, ecg ug e`hm fi erispõg fi mh e`dgh fi ec mcr pugzõ, rdehs ni fdhs fi si fh rcsh y zhphtcsfi rh sc jmhgec1 pirc, sigtîh mh gcsthmbdh fim phgthmõg fi bruish timh, fi mh pishfh ehph y fi mhs jcthsecg is pui mhs fi crc ecg qui hjîh ri ecrrdfc im \i rû". Vuvc fcs hthquis; "³Ni eriis ixdmhfh phrh sdin-pri3 ³\ir fdfh3 ³Nuir th, thm viz3", oui mc ûmtdnc qui pri bugtõ hgtis fim sibugfc y nès ouir ti hthqui.

Ig rih mdfhf hug qui is erdjdõ h tcfcs mcs hgtdbucs phrtdfhrdcs fi su ispcsc y h Uhmhvirry, isthjhixdmhfh, pärfdfh, nuir th. Ig sus ûmtdncs nc nig tcs mh htdigfig thg scmc im codedhm isphøcm Iseufi rc1y, ecg erdstdhgh ehrdfhf, ecg cmvdfc fi ig ecgcs, su vdi kc igindbc Mh Ouigti, im fi "mh ehnphøh fimhs e`dni gihs", fi mcs hbrhvdcs y fi mhs jurmhs euhtrc høcs hgtis. Nès kcvig fi mc qui mh supuscOmcrh, ohmmiei h mcs 5: høcs, figtrc fi ugh pc jri zh isphgtcsh ig _hmphrhîsc im 0 fi nhyc fi 8059huxdmdhfh pcr mcs sirvdedcs rimdbdcscs.

Fd kircg sus igi ndbcs qui fi jdõ ohmmieir fi mh trdsti zh fi gc nhg fhr1 phriei, ig vir fhf, qui suig oirni fhf ncr thm oui mh tujir eumcsds. Ecnc ig pri vdsdõg fi is ti nc nig tc, mh Nhrdsehmh `hjîhfde`c tix tuhmnig ti h su hndbh ig mh jhîh fim Ehmmhc; "@i rcbhfc, hfu mhfc, nig tdfc1 i in pmihfctcfc, gc `i ri trcei fdfc hg ti ghfh. ¡H`, bmcrdh, euèg ehrc euisths! ³@hjrè nh ycr mceurh qui sherdod-ehr pcr hmehgzhrmh mh fde`h fi mh ixds tigedh y mh vdfh ndsnh3 Mh bmcrdh is ug rimènphbc, unc, gu ji,qudni rh fi mh ohgthsîh. Gc is ghfh y, sdg injhrbc, im fîh qui yc pdirfh mh ispi rhgzh fi vdvdr igvuim-th ig isi `u nc, isi fîh gc h jrè hdri ig nd pi e`c y nc rdrä". T hsî tirndgh, ecg ug phtätdec heigtcfi trh bi fdh hugtägtdeh, isti ipdscfdc fi mh `dstcrdh qui phriei gc vimhfh qui `h jîhsi dgdedhfcecnc ix pcgig ti fim shdgi ti erdcmmc, rcnèg tdec y pdgtcrisec pi rc jc e`cr gcsc y fi pmcrhjmi.

Fis puäs fi nès 85< høcs im gcn jri fi is th nu kir ixeip edcghm tdigi tc fhvîh ug rifc jmhr fithn jcr y sdbui ecg vcehgfc h mcs hzhris fi mh inc edõg. Hnighzh mh prdnh eîh qui ig tri mhs nu kirisfim phshfc pi ruhgc tuvdircg mh "\irrde`c md" y shgth Zcsh fi Mdnh ec nc sîn jc mcs fi mcs fcs ixtri-ncs fi su si xc, im piehfc y mh shgtdfhf, mc ecrti shgc y mc fdvdgc. Hnhzcgh rifdvdvh ig mcs Hgfis,"ncg kh hmoäriz" riig ehrghfh ig mh prdni rh hghrquîh ripujmdehgh, igehrgh gc im hncr h Fdcs gd h mc`cn jris sdgc hm pcfir. \cr isc sd dgspdrõ phsdcgis, hug ig im fisohmmiedndig tc fi mh vcmuptucsdfhffi jdõ susedthr im sundsc jrîc ecg qui im scmfhfc dmusc sdbui h su ehpdtèg. "@hjîh ig is th nu kir(iserdjdõ Fi Uhrtdbis) fdspcsdedcgis phrh fcs bi gi rhmis. Fijdõ sir, in pi rc, tirrdjmi ecn phøi rhphrh ug ispcsc `c gcrhjmi". _îetdnh fi hth quis sûjdtcs y oubheis, mcs näfdecs `hg fdseutdfc sd mhipdmipsdh c mh `dsti rdh scg mh emhvi fi su rdis bc y fis vig turh sdg qui immh pufdisi yh hmzhr mh nhgcphrh qui su mètdbc hehmmhrh h mh cshfîh ecnc hmbugh viz ceurrdõ ig mh hgti eènh rh fi \h mhedc euhg-fc fdc fi e`d ecthzcs h ug ifi eèg dgfdseritc.

Mh odburh fi Is eufi rc phriei qui pir fdirh im ecmcrdfc rc nèg tdec qui si mi `h fhfc hm shjir siqui muibc si nhr e`õ ecg mhs kcyhs qui fi khrh mh Nhrdsehmh. \irc ig su tis thnig tc immh si mhs `hjîhribhmhfc "ig pi qui øc sdbgc fi mh brhtdtuf ig qui mi is tcy" hugqui gc ti gîh ctrcs jdigis, pcr mcqui pdfdõ qui mh igti rrhsig "ecnc pc jri fi sc mingdfhf".

_DH KI T ÛMVDNCU HØCU FI \HGFC.- Mh firrcth fi Jir nû fiz y fi Bh nh rrh oui fiedsdvh phrhmh vdfh fi fcg Kc sä Nhrîh fi \hg fc. Ygdfc fis fi hg tis h mh suirti fi Bh nh rrh, \hgfc ri fhetõ ecgis tdmc ehstdzc y risuimth hetdtuf hgtdmdji rhm,Mh _irfhf ig mue`h ecg mh cpcsdedõg1 sieugfõ im bcmpi

IgVZH Ig_DBIgEDH MH quDgVHECgUVDVuEDÕg

\IZuHgH, H\ZCJHFH\CZ IM ECgBZIUCECgUVDVuTIgVI T

\ZCNuMBHFH \CZ IM\ZIUDFIgVI MuDU

KCUä FI CZJIBCUC.

IUVI FCEuNIgVCZI\ZCFuKC Ig BZHgNIFDFH IM VIxVC

FI MH EHZVH\ZCNuMBHFH

Ig 80:0.

8< KugDC8056

Qpirû ^




sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9fi igi rc fi 80561 y hecnphøõ h Jirnû fiz h mh sdirrh. Imdndghfc Jir nû fiz, ri bri sõ \hgfc h Is ph-øh y si hnphrõ ig mh miy fi hn gdstîh ecgei fdfh pcr mh ridgh bcjir ghfc rh. Ecgvdrtdcsi hsî ig sîn-jc mc fi mcs dgti mietuhmis "indbrhfcs", c sih fi mcs qui priodrdircg Iurcph h Hnärdeh fim Uur.

Mh scmdedtuf qui `d zc phrh sir hfndtdfc y mcbrhr ugh pigsdõg hecrfi ecg su fd mhthfh ehrrirhfis fi 80<: `hs th 80:5, `hmmõ fdvirscs trcpdizcs, `hsth qui, fu rhgti im ndgdsti rdc fi Kuhg Èmvhriz

Nig fdzèjhm, si mi riecgcedõ ecnc nd gdstrc ei shgti ecg im suimfc fi 6< ndm rihmis. Uus igoirni fh-fis mi cjmdbhrcg ig 805? h ritdrhrsi h E`demhgh fcg fi ri edjdõ ug codedc fim guivc ndgdstrc Ehmhtrh-vh (qudig `hjîh sdfc igi ndbc suyc) hgumhgfc su emhsdodehedõg, fispc kègfc mi fi sus `cgcris yfdstdgedcgis y `hsth gibègfc mi im gcnjri y mh ehmdfhf fi is phøcm. Oui igtcgeis euhgfc \hg fctuvc orhsis hpõsthths. Htrdju yõ h mh tirrdjmi vcmugthf fi Jc mîvhr sus sirvdedcs h mcs dgsurbig tis. "\i rchjhgfc ghr h nd ghedõg h qudig fijî ifu ehedõg, ehrrirh, istdnh edõg… pcr ugh ndsi rhjmi hbribh-edõg fi cn jris fi tc fhs ehsths, vdedhfcs, fi sig orighfcs, cprdndfcs, fdvdfdfcs ig jhg fcs oirceis,ig vuimtcs ig pir pi tuh hghrquîh. T hjhgfc ghrmh, ³ecg quä hmdedigti3".

H odgis fi 8052, muibc qui shmdõ Ehmhtrhvh fim bhjdgi ti, oui \hgfc ri puis tc ig su emhsdodehedõgy `cgcris pcr im ndgdstrc fcg Iu si jdc fi Jhr fhvd y Hzhrh. _uimtc h Nhfrdf si hbrhvhrcg sus phfi-edndig tcs y ohmmiedõ h odgis fi 806<, hgtis fi eun pmdr 96 høcs fi ifhf. Oui `cnjri su nh nig tidgti mdbig ti1 pirc, ecnc h thg tcs ctrcs hgtis y fis puäs fi äm, mh dgti mdbig edh ecnc thm gc mc `dzc oimdz.

\hg fc pu jmdeõ ig Mdnh, sdg odrnhr mc, ug ocmmitc euyc tîtumc is "Ziemhnh edõg fi mcs vumgi rhfcsfi rie`cs fi mcs `heig fhfcs fi mhs prcvdgedhs mdtcrhmis fim fiphrthnig tc fi Mdnh"ecg mh odghmdfhffi prc jhr qui mh emhsi ti rrhti gdigti `h mmèjh si ig tcgeis ig is thfc fi pc jri zh y qui mh nhgund-sdõg bigi rhm fi mcs gibrcs, prcyietc sujmdni ig tic rîh, fijdõ scmc ikieuthrsi brhfuhmnig ti. Ig8052 fdc h mh is thnph ig Eèfdz mh cjrh\ig shndigtc y hpugtis scjri nc rhm y pcmîtdeh, fcg fi ix pri shsu ripufdc h mh finc erhedh y su oi ig mh oõrnu mh ncgèrqudeh ecgstdtuedcghm.

Ecnc cjrh põs tu nh hphriedircg ig Nhfrdf ig 8065 mcsIminig tcs fi Fi rie`c Dgtirghedcghm . Igugh gcth primdndghr si fd kc qui istcs Iminig tcs fi jîhg `h jir si fh fc h mh prigsh ig 8050. _i gîh\hg fc fi _h migedh h Nhfrdf pcr mh fdmdbig edh1 y igtri mh Kdgi th y mh Zcfh oui hshmthfc pcr ugh euh-frdmmh fi oheedcscs qui si mmivhrcg im ehrruh ki hm ncgti, mh shquihrcg ecn pmithnig ti y ri tuvdircgh mcs phsh kircs su kitègfc mcs h ug risehti fi :< ndm rihmis pcr ehji zh. \irndtdõsi h ugc fi immcs dr hNhfrdf h cj ti girmc1 y isti, euhgfc ph sihjh pcr im ehnpc ig qui h jîh sdfc fi ti gdfh mh fdmdbig edh,vdc ig im suimc ugh pcredõg fi phpi mis fi mitrh fi \hg fc, mcs riecbdõ y mcs igtri bõ ig Nhfrdf h sunu kir. Igecgtrhfc hsî im nhguserdtc sdg qui \hgfc mc `dedirh pujmdehr igtri 8050 y 806<, hphriedõecnc cjrh põs tunh h ehrbc fi ug ifd tcr qui hsi burõ `hjir mc fhfc h mh dnprig th sdg pirndtdrsimh nès nîgdnh hmti rhedõg ig im tixtc.

Isths rhrhs edreugsthgedhs sdrvig phrh fhr hmbugh ixpmdehedõg hm `ie`c (pcr fcg Hg fräs Ji mmcfi gugedhfc ig 8069 ig im pi rdõfdec Im Hrhuehgc fi Uhgtdhbc fi E`dmi) fi qui ig tri mcsIminig tcsfi \hg fc y mh cjrh\rdged pdcs fim Firie`c fi big tis fi Ji mmc, fhfh h muz ig Uhgtdhbc ig 805:, `h jîhnuy scs pi e`c shs sdndmdtufis. "Ehsd pufdärhncs fhr h mh pujmdehedõg isphøcmh (ixpri sõ Ji mmc) imtîtumc fi ugh guivh ifdedõg fi mh cjrh e`dmigh, hugqui ecg dgti rishgtis dgtir pcmhedcgis i dgstrue-tdvhs gcths. Fcg Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc gc `h ti gdfc ri phrc ig ec pdhrmh ehsd tcfh hm pdi fi mh mitrh cecg mdbi rhs nc fdodehedcgis vir jh mis qui nue`hs vi eis ecg sdstig scmc ig dgtir ehmhr ug ipîti tc

hphsdcghfc c ig trhs pcgir mhs phmhjrhs. Is virfhf qui `h ei hm hutcr fi mcs\rdged pdcsim `cgcr fiedthrmi h nigufc y fi euhg fc ig euhg fc ig tär ndgcs nuy mdscg kircs ecn pmhedägfc si ig ecg oishrqui mi fiji mhs nhycris cjmdbhedcgis". \i rc im ni kcr imcbdc qui mi `hei is im orieuig ti y odim trhs-mhfc fi sus dfihs y orhsis hug euhgfc si cmvdfh fi fhr mi mubhr igtri sus guni rcshs rioirigedhs". Ispcsdjmi qui im nhguserdtc dnpri sc ig 8065 ecgtuvdirh scmc hgcthedcgis gc fis tdghfhs h mh pujmd-edfhf. Høcs nès thrfi, ig 80?6, ig ehr th h fcg Kc sä Bribcrdc \hz Ucmfèg, Ji mmc ixpri sõ qui ig mcs\ig shndigtcs y hpugtis scjri nc rhm y pcmîtdeh `hjîh thn jdäg ugh c fcs pèbdghs suyhs.

KuM8056Q isph

MH ZIDgH NHZîEZDUVDgH FI JCZIBIgVI DgVIZD@HUVH MH NHFI IFHF FI Uu @DDUHJIM DD, FIEHJCMDEDÕg FIMVZDJugHM FI MDgquDUDEDÕg.

CZBHgDUNC KuFDEDHM-ZIMZDBDÕ FIUFI 8:IU\HøH, FI FCgFI\HUÕ H VCFHU ECMCgDHU, DgEIM _DZZIDgHVC\IZuHgC.

89



Q80EH\ÎVYMC

IM ZIMHVD_C H\HEDBYHNDIGGHEDCGHM (8069-809

Q:<^EH\ÎVYMC

IM ECgUVDVuEDCgHMDUNC MDJIZHT UuU JHZZIZHU FI \H\IM ECgVZH IM HuVCZDVH



0: \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :<

Q D ^ H ECGUVDVYEDÕG FI 8056.- Mh Ecgvig edõg Ghedcghm fdc, ecg oie`h 8< fi kugdc fi 8056, ughgui vh Ecgstdtuedõg, mh euhrth qui si ri fhethjh ig im \i rû ig 88 høcs y mh tirei rh fi tdpc mdji rhm.Mcs hshnjmiîsths fi 80:0 `h jîhg fdspuis tc, ecnc si `h vdstc, qui edgec høcs fis puäs si prc-fu kirh ugh riocrnh ecgs tdtuedcghm, pigshgfc qui ig isi pmh zc mhs edreugsthgedhs `hrîhg pcsdjmimh trhgsdedõg `hedh im räbdnig oi fi rhm.

\cr mh ouirzh fi mhs edreugsthgedhs mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056 gc oui scmc ugh ri pitdedõg c bmcsh fimh fi 80:0 sdgc, phrhfc khmnig ti ugh oõrnu mh fi trhgsdedõg phrh mh ispi rhfh oifi rhedõg ecg Jcmdvdh1y, scjri tc fc, ug ndguedcsc dgtig tc fi ird bdr nurhmmhs fi phpim ecgtrh im hutcrdthrdsnc nd mdthr.

Mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh 80:0 `hjîh pris erdtc ig su hrtîeumc :¼ qui mh Ghedõg gc sirîh phtrdnc gdc fipir scgh c ohndmdh hmbugh gd hfndtdrîh ecg ctrc Isthfc ugdõg c oifi rhedõg qui si cpusdirh h su dgfi-pig fig edh. _djrh jh hquî im cfdc hgtdjc mdvhrdhgc. \i rc ig im hrtîeumc :¼ fi mh Ehrth fi 8056 si mii quimh Ghedõg is dgfi pig fdigti y gc pui fi sir ph trdnc gdc fi pir scgh c ohndmdh hmbugh, sdg mh orhsihfdedcghm. Mugh \dzhrrc oui im hutcr fi is ti ehn jdc, ecnc si `h fd e`c hgtis, pcrqui yh si `h jîhecgvirtdfc h mh dfih fi qui irh ecgvigdigti ugdr hm \irû y h Jcmdvdh jh kc mh äbdfh fi Uhgth Eruz.

Mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis, dgstrunig tc fi mh fiseig trhmdzhedõg, ouircg cndtdfhs ig mh Ehrthfi 8056 pcr su fis pris tdbdc. Mugh \dzhrrc ig ugh ehrth h Gditc (80 fi gc vdinjri fi 8455) mmibõh fi edr; "Mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis ecgemuyircg su ehrrirh; is nuy prcgugedhfh mh cpdgdõg ecg-trh su pirnh gig edh. Ui `h fdseurrdfc pc gir nu gdedphmdfhfis ig mhs ehpdthmis fi fi phrthnig tc yfi prc vdgedh dgvistdfhs fi nuy ri bumhris htrdju edcgis. Ud muibc mh miy rispie tdvh bdrh scjri mhjh si fi qui gc sihg nu gdedphmis sdgc mcs prcpdithrdcs fi thgth ehgtdfhf pui fi qui pi buigni kcr isths ecrpcrhedcgis qui gc mhs kugths". Ig ioietc, im hrtîeumc 852 fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg siøhmõqui ig mhs ehpdthmis fi fi phrthnig tc y fi prc vdgedh `hjrîh nu gdedphmdfhfis y qui ugh miy, jhsh-fh ig mh pcjmhedõg y ig mhs edreugsthgedhs mcehmis, si ceuphrîh fi immhs. Xudzès thnjdäg sd ig mhsupri sdõg fi mhs kugths dgomuyõ mh ispi rh fi mh guivh hrqudtie turh pcmîtdeh qui ri sumthsi fi mhEcgoifi rhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh.

Ig tc fc ehsc, mhs nugdedphmdfhfis ocrthmiedfhs pcr mh Ecgvig edõg Ghedcghm fi 8056 gc mmibh-rcg h ougedcghr fi jdfc h mcs trhstcrgcs pcmîtdecs.

Fi emhrõ mh Ehrth fi 8056, hfi nès, qui gh fdi gheîh isemhvc ig im tirrdtcrdc fi mh Zipûjmdeh yqui gc ig trhrîh fim ixtrhg kirc qudig gc quifhsi mdjri, fi rrcthgfc hsî mhs nhgdcjrhs fi mcs`heig fhfcs is emhvdsths fi mh ecsth. Fd kc, dbuhmnig ti, qui gc prc fu eîh ioietc mibhm mh ecrrispcg-

fig edh sustrhîfh, ecg mc qui hnpmdõ mh dgvdcmhjdmdfhf fim si eri tc fi immh, riorigfh fh yh ig mhsEcgstdtuedcgis hgti rdcris.Ygh fdoirig ti prc pcredõg igtri si ghfc ris y fdputhfcs1 im hunig tc fi gû ni rc fi si ghfc ris

h edgec pcr fi phrthnig tc1 mh imieedõg fi immcs nifdhgti mdsths pcr mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis fiprcvdgedh fi fcs dgfdvdfucs pcr ehfh si ghfcr, ec rrispcgfdigfc `h eir im iserutdgdc hm Uighfc cimibdr ig mh ocrnh pris erdth pcr mh miy, mcs pmhzcs fdstdgtcs phrh mh rigcvhedõg fim nhgfhtc mibds-mhtdvc1 mh scmuedõg fim fdsig tdndig tc ig tri hn jhs Eènh rhs, pcr nhycrîh fi vctcs1 mh mdjir thf igmh imieedõg fi mcs ecgsi kircs fi Is thfc pcr im Ecgbri sc, fi fig trc c ouirh fi su si gc1 mh oheumthffim prisdfigti fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc ph rh pujmdehr y crfi ghr im eunpmdndig tc fi mhs miyis ig

M



jjjjjjjjjjjjj

0EH\ÎVYMC :< \IZÎCFC 8

Hprcjhfh pcr mhEcgvigedõg Ghedcgh prcnumbhfh pcr im prisdfigti Crjibcsc,tuvc 802 hrtîeumcs yfdspcsdedcgistrhgsdtcrdhs. Mh rioecgstdtuedcghm si mehjc phrh ugh nikcrhfndgdstrhedõg fi mZipûjmdeh. Istuvc vdbigti `hsth 805?, hig qui si prcnumbõ mEcgstdtuedõg pcmîtdfi mh Ecgoifirhedõg\irû-jcmdvdhgh.

MH ECGUVDFI 8056

qui im Ecgbri sc ù jdi si dgsdstdfc, sd im ikieutdvc gc mhs prcnumbhjh1 mh supri sdõg fi mh _deipri-sdfig edh fi mh Zipûjmdeh, qudzès pcr im nhm risumthfc fi mh ixpi rdigedh cjti gdfh ecg Mh Ouigti1mh fisdbghedõg fim prisdfigti fim Ecgsi kc fi Is thfc ph rh riin pmhzhr hm prisdfigti fi mh Zipû-jmdeh, dgemusdvi ig mcs ehscs ig qui isti ecg emuyirh su nhgfhtc sdg suei scr mibhm1 mh prc`djdedõgfi mh riimieedõg prisdfig edhm scg ctrcs nhtdeis gui vcs ig mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056. Imibdfc

Nhguim Uhmhzhr y Jhquî khgc ecnc prisdfigti fim Ecg si kc fi Isthfc, qui fõ ec nc vdeiprisdfigtimibhm fi mh Zipûjmdeh fi heuir fc ecg mh Ecgstdtuedõg, hm mhfc fim prisdfigti prc vdscrdc qui isthgc nig edcghjh. Vhnjdäg `hjîh sdfc vdeiprisdfigti fi Mh Nhr, mc euhm rhtdodeh mh ecgtdgudfhfig tri 80:2 y 8056.

Dgti räs ispi edhm riqudirig mcs hrtîeumcs qui pirndtîhg mh riocrnh ecgs tdtuedcghm ig euhmqudirmibdsmhturh crfdghrdh privdc edirtcs trèndtis fi gû ni rcs fi vc tcs, riugdõg fim Ecgbri sc i dgocr-ni fim Ecg si kc fi Isthfc c fim Ikieutdvc hm Ecgbri sc ig su prdni rh rigcvhedõg.

Hjugfhg, pcr mc finès, ig im tixtc ecgstdtuedcghm, mhs hmusdcgis h suei scs riedigtis. Orisechûg im igecgc ecgtrh im hutcrdthrdsnc fi Bh nh rrh, mh Ecgstdtuedõg qudsc ivdthr mh ixdstig edh fictrc räbdnig hgè mcbc y ridti rõ sus ecgsdbghs hgtdndmdthris. Xuifõ is thjmiedfc im fi rie`c hriemhnhr hgti im Ecgbri sc c im \cfir Iki eutdvc fi tc fh dgorheedõg ecgstdtuedcghm. Gdgbûg pi ruh-gc pc fîh sir ix phtrdhfc sdg privdh ecgfi gh kufdedhm gd cjmdbhfc h nu fhr fi fc ndedmdc sdg immh. Uiprc`djdõ im riemuthndig tc, shmvc pcr mhs hutcrdfhfis edvdmis, im hmc khndig tc ocrzcsc fi scmfhfcs,shmvc ig tdin pc fi bui rrh y pcr mhs ndsnhs hutcrdfhfis, y mh dnpcsdedõg fi ecgtrdju edcgis gcsi øhmhfhs pcr mh miy. Cjtuvc ixdstig edh ecgstdtuedcghm imh jihs ecr pus. Ygh fiemhrhedõg igoètdehgi bõ mh pcsdjdmdfhf fi ri ecgcedndig tc h euhmqudir ctrc ni fdc fi mmibhr hm pcfir su pri nc hphr-ti fi mcs fi sdbghfcs ecgs tdtuedcghmnig ti, ecg mh pärfdfh fi mcs fi rie`cs pc mîtdecs fim usurph-fcr y mh gumdfhf fi sus he tcs. Mhs fiedsdcgis fim Ecgbri sc, im fim \cfir Iki eutdvc, c fim Ecgsi kcfi Is thfc ig qui dg tir vdgdiri echeedõg, ouircg hgumhfhs. Im kudedc fi ri sdfig edh si `dzc cjmdbhtc-rdc phrh tcfc ougedcghrdc fim \cfir Iki eutdvc hm hehjhr su ehrbc1 sdg isti ri qudsdtc gc pc fîhcj ti gir ctrc gd vcmvir hm qui hgtis ikir eîh. Ui nigedcgh nès hfi mhgti mh trinig fh miy scjri mhrispcgshjdmdfhf fi mcs ougedcghrdcs pûjmdecs y mh heushedõg hm prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh.

Igtri mhs htrdju edcgis ecgs tdtuedcghmis fim Ecgbri sc is tuvc mh fi fisdbghr ehfh høc mhs ouir-zhs fi nhr y tdirrh. Im ndgdstrc fi Buirrh tigîh im fijir fi pri sig thr hguhmnig ti h mhs Eènh rhsug is thfc fi mh ouirzh pûjmdeh fi nhr y tdi rrh, ecg hnpmdc fithmmi. Mcs hseig scs `hjîhg sdfcì e`cs hgtis mibhmnig ti pcr im prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh ecg hprcjh edõg fim Uighfc; h`c rhecrrispcgfdõ hm Ecgbri sc hprcjhr c ri e`hzhr mhs prcpuis ths fceunig thfhs qui mh phshrh imIkieutdvc phrh ecrcgi mis, bigi rhmis, y ehpdthgis fi gh vîc. Gc fijîhg fhr si nès brh fcs nd mdthrisqui mhs vhehgtis fi pmhzhs ioietdvhs fi mcs euirpcs pir nh gig tis y mcs qui si fieri thrhg pcrheedcgis fdstdgbudfhs ig im ehnpc fi jh thmmh.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg ivdfig edõ, hfinès, ugh pric euphedõg ecfdodehfc rh hm crfi ghr qui mh EcrtiUupri nh pri phrhsi suei sdvhnig ti mcs fdstdgtcs prcyietcs fis tdghfcs h fhrmi hm phîs ugh mibdsmhedõgsusthgtdvh, hrtîeumc ecgstdtuedcghm qui dgni fdhthnig ti ec nig zõ h ikieuthr im prisdfig ti fi mh Ecr-ti Uupri nh, _dfhurri, hm riugdr h sus ecmibhs y in pi zhr h rifhethr su prcyietc fi Eõ fdbc Edvdm.

Ig ehpîtumc pcsti rdcr si rimhedcghrè isth Ehrth pcmîtdeh ecg mhs hgti rdcris fi 80:5, 80:?, 80:0

y mh fi 8054. \riphrhfh fi prdsh, origti h mh trinig fh y pirnh gig ti hni ghzh fi ug Iki eutdvc`cs tdm, mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056 gc oui ig rih mdfhf mh cjrh nh furh fi mh Ecgvig edõg Ghedcghm. Mhsuj sdstig edh ndsnh fi mh Hshnjmih Mibdsmhtdvh, mh cjsi sdõg pcr im nhgti gdndig tc fim prdgedpdcfi mh hmtir ghjdmdfhf ig im pcfir, mh mue`h ecgtrh im ehufdmmh ki y im ndmdthrdsnc `h jîhg sdfc mcs hsug-tcs qui mh priceuphrcg nès. Gc ri sumth dmõbdec, pcr isc, qui im prcpdc Mugh \dzhrrc si nh gdois-thrh ig hetdtuf erîtdeh origti hm tixtc ecgstdtuedcghm. "Mh guivh Ecgstdtuedõg (iserdjdõ h Gditc im 6fi kugdc fi 8056) is, ig nd kudedc nès fi oietucsh qui mh hgti rdcr, si risdigti fi mhs edreugsthg-edhs. Im prcyietc, trhjh khfc fi prd sh pcr nî, ig edirrh ecshs y nue`hs qui gc irhg fi nd cpd gdõg,pi rc ig qui tu vi qui eh pdtumhr pcrqui ù jdi si prc yietc prcgtc, qui irh nd cj kitc. Im Ikieutdvc









hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

`hmmèjh si ig brh vi erdsds h ecgsi euig edh fi mcs rdburcscs jmcquics su ordfcs pcr im Ehmmhc. Ig mcfi nès `cs pdthmis, mhs rifue edcgis ioie tuhfhs h ehush fi mh buirrh gc `hjîhg sdfc sus thgedhmis.Im nhycrfc nc fim fi mh Ehrdfhf, fcg Jir ghrfc Fi vcmc, bhstõ su ocrtugh ig scsti gir mc.

Yg fi eri tc fi ce tujri fi 80:9 eriõ ig Md nh mh kugth fi ji gi odeig edh jh kc mh prisdfig edh fimvcehm fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh Kcsä Ehji rc. \i rc im 5< fi ku gdc fi 80:? oui isthjmiedfh ugh fdrieedõg

bi gi rhm fi jigi odeig edh ecnpuis th fi ug fdrietcr, ug ecgthfcr y ug ti scrirc. Nhtîhs Nhistrc,ecgstruetcr fim Einig ti rdc Bigi rhm fi Mdnh, oui gcn jrhfc fdrietcr. Jh kc im ndsnc rä bdnig oui-rcg ecmcehfcs mcs `cspdthmis, im `cspdedc fi pc jris, mhs ehshs fi ùär ohgcs, uärohghs y hnphrhfhs,im Einig ti rdc Bigi rhm, mh eèreim y im ocnig tc fi mh vheugh. Mcs hfndgdstrhfc ris y "ìrnh gcs" fiis tcs is thjmiedndig tcs qui fhrcg siphrhfcs. Mcs inpmihfcs mmibhrcg h sir fc thfcs ecg im ugc yni fdc pcr edigtc fim dgbri sc ioietdvc hguhm1 y mcs hfndgdstrhfc ris ecg im euhtrc pcr edigtc fi mhsrig ths qui ecjrhsig. Im rhnc fi suir tis c fi mc ti rîhs vdgc h sir hpmdehfc h mcs isthjmiedndig tcs fiji gi odeig edh riphrtdägfc si ig tri immcs ecg hrribmc h sus giei sdfhfis mcs prcfue tcs mîqudfcs. Im fimhrrdigfc fi mh pmhzh fi He`c, fi fu edfhs sus ehrbhs, quifõ phrh mh hmdnig thedõg fi mcs pcjris.

Im guivc räbdnig gc fdc jui gcs ri sumthfcs. Im pcreig th ki igtri bhfc h mcs hfndgdstrhfc risy hm fdrie tcr, ecgthfcr y ti scri rc dnpmdeõ ugh rijh kh fi mhs rigths pcrqui hgtis mcs hfndgdstrh-fc ris gc `h jîhg pir edjdfc inc munig tcs. Fdsndguyircg mcs istînu mcs phrh ugh jui gh mhjcr ecgim riin pmhzc fi mcs ehrdthtdvcs nh ycrfc ncs hg tdbucs pcr pir scghs dgti ri shfhs ig im ecjrc fisus suimfcs. Vhnjdäg jh kõ mh vdbdmhgedh ecg mh husig edh fi mcs irnh gcs fdputhfcs. Ni gcr oui imeräfdtc fim fdrie tcr fi ji gi odeig edh qui im fi mcs ecnir edhgtis c prc pdithrdcs qui sirvîhg mhsnh ycrfc nîhs. Im fiscrfig qui sc jri vdgc oui, puis, phmphjmi. \rcgtc si ei rrõ im `cspdthm fi UhgHgfräs1 muibc im fi Uhg Mèzhrc y im fi Ehndmhs.

Yg fi eri tc fim Ecgsi kc fi Bcjdirgc fi :0 fi si tdin jri fi 80:? fds pusc mh riocrnh firibumhris. Mhs ehshs ig qui gc ù jdi sig ce`c ri mdbdcscs fi jîhg ei rrhrsi1 y mhs rigths fdstrdjudrsipcr dbuhmis phrtis ig tri mcs ecgvig tuhmis fi hquimmhs qui, pcr tigir gûni rc jhs thgti, qui fhsigixdstig tis. Mcs ecgvig tcs `cs pdthmhrdcs (is fiedr, kuhgfi fdhgcs y ji mitncs) qui fhrcg ixeip tuh-fcs. \i rc ei rrhrcg iscs `cs pdthmis y mhs rigths ouircg fdstrdjudfhs. Hsî, pcr fdvirshs ehushs, mmibh-rcg h ougedcghr scmc tris `cs pdthmis ig ugh edufhf fcg fi `h jîhg ixdstdfc fdiz; Ehrdfhf, UhgJhrtcmcnä i Dgeurhjmis. Im fi Uhgth Hgh oui fifdehfc h uscs is pi eîodecs y ig äm gc `hmmhrcghmjir bui mcs pcjris. Ig im fi Uhg Hgfräs scmc si ecgsirvõ im mmhnh fc "phtdc fi mcecs".

Im fieri tc fi 58 fi igi rc fi 805: cr fi gõ shehr h rinh ti mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi mcs `cspdthmispdfdigfc mcs sujhs thfc ris ug thgtc pcr ehnh y pri odrdägfc si mh sujhs th nès ohvcrhjmi. Gc sipmhgdodeõ isti fi eri tc y im Bcjdirgc mc rivceõ pcr im fi 5< fi hbcstc fim ndsnc høc, qui ris th-jmiedõ mh hgtdbuh fdrieedõg fi ji gi odeig edh ecg hmbughs ristrdeedcgis y gcn jrõ h fdoirig tispir scghs phrh mcs ehrbcs fi fd rietcr, ecgthfcr y ti scri rc.

Im fieri tc fi 8: fi ku gdc fi 8056, ixpi fdfc pcr im prisdfigti Crji bcsc dgstdtuyõ ig Mdnh,ig viz fi mh jurcerètdeh fdrieedõg, mh "Ucedifhf fi Ji gi odeig edh", ecnpuis th pcr euhrig thviedgcs pris tdbdcscs y fi prc pcredcgis, qui fi jîhg htig fir is tcs sir vdedcs, y hsî rinc zõ mhtrhfdedõg ecmcgdhm.

Mcs scedcs ougfhfc ris fi mh Ucedifhf fi Ji gi odeig edh fi Mdnh ouircg mcs sdbudigtis; Hgtcgdc

Budumoc, Dsdfrc fi Hrèn ju ru, Kcsä Ncgthgd, Jirghrfc Fi vcmc, Hqudmis Hmmdir, Uhnuim U. \rivcst,Kumdèg \døidrc, Kuhg V`cnhs, Orhgedsec Ncriyrh y Nhtuti, Kuhg Kcsä fi Uhrrhtih, \hseuhm Bèrhti,Nhrdhgc Nhg khrräs y Nue`c trdbc, Ymdsis Fut ìy, Orhgedsec fi [è rhti, Nhgrdqui fi Mhrh, NhrdhgcKcsä fi Hrei, Ncfis tc @irei, Nhrei mdgc Ehvirc, Orhgedsec Khvdir fi Mugh \dzhrrc, Nhtîhs Nhistrc,Orhgedsec fi @i rrirh, Mcrig zc fi [è rhti Nhgrdqui fi Mhrh, Hbustîg Jrhvc fi Zui fh, OrhgedsecZiygh, Nhguim Butdärriz, Nhrdhgc Bèrhti, Kuhg Kcsä Bèrhti, Orhgedsec Èmvhriz Ehmfi rõg, Nime`crUivdmmh, Oimdpi Zi vcri fc, Nhguim Hrdhs, Kcsä Nhrîh _hrimh, V`cnhs Imfrif bi, Nhguim Nigägfiz,Nhtîhs \hstcr, Nhrdhgc Kcsä fi Vhbmi, \ifrc Dbghedc fi mcs Zîcs, Orhgedsec Khvdir fi mcs Zîcs, Ehnd-mc Hgtcgdc _irbhrh, Kuhg Bdm y Nhguim Hgtcgdc \crtdmmc.

IM FIEZIVC FI 8:FI KugDC FI 8056,Ix\IFDFC \CZ IM

\ZIUDFIgVICZJIBCUC

DgUVDVuTÕ IgMDNH, Ig _Iz FI

MH JuZCEZ VDEHFDZIEEDÕg, MH"UCEDIFHF FI

JIgIoDEIgEDH",ECN\uIUVH \CZ

EuHZIgVH_IEDgCU

\ZIUVDBDCUCUT FI

\ZC\CZEDCgIU,quI FIJîHg

HVIgFIZ IUVCUUIZ_DEDCU, T HUî

ZINCzÕ MHVZHFDEDÕgECMCgDHM.

00 \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :<



jjjjjjjjjjjjj

Uibûg mhsVrhfdedcg\iruhghs fi Zdehrfc\hmnh, mcs suirtircshtrhîhg h susecnprhfcris ecg mhsmmhnhfhs; "¡\mhth kuivis!" y "¡NhzhncIg 80?:, muibc fi vhriseègfhmcs rimhedch nhmcs nhgikcs, mhJigiodeigedh si dzcehrbc fi mcs scrtics.Ehfh jdmmiti fi mctitigîh im vhmcr fi ug qui pcfîh sir phrtdfc euhrtcs fi fcs rihmisehfh ugc. Im prindcnhycr irh fi 8< ndm piscs. Im suirtirc qu vi hquî oui pdgthfc \hge`c Odirrc.

MCU UYIZVMcs `cspdthmis igtri bhfcs h mh guivh igtdfhf oui rcg; Uhgth Hgh, Uhg Hgfräs, Mh Ehrdfhf, UhgJhrtcmcnä, Dgeurhjmis, Hnphrhfhs y @cspdedc fi @uärohgcs.

Nuy nc fis ths ouircg mhs rigths ecg mhs qui inpi zõ h trhjh khr mh Jigi odeig edh fi Mdnh, puisim fieri tc fi 8056 mi hsdbgõ scmc mhs qui pirti gi eîhg h mcs isthjmiedndig tcs fi eh rdfhf ig tri-bhfcs h su eudfhfc. Ehsd tcfcs mcs `cspdthmis irhg fuiøcs fi pri fdcs rûstdecs y urjh gcs euycs

prcfue tcs sirvîhg phrh scsti gir mcs1 y igtri tc fcs bc zhjhg, hfi nès, fim mmhnh fc "tc nîg fi `cs-pdthmis", piqui øh ircbhedõg qui mcs dgfîbi ghs fhjhg hguhmnig ti fim trdju tc phrh qui si miseurhsi fi sus ig oirni fhfis si bûg ugh eäfu mh fi Oimdpi D_ ixpi fdfh ig 8?6<. Mcs fi UhgHgfräs, Uhgth Hgh y Uhg Mèzhrc cj ti gîhg, hm ndsnc tdin pc, ugh sunh hguhm fi mcs fdizncs1 y imfi Uhg Hgfräs, hsî ecnc im @cspdedc fi @uärohgcs, mh riedjîhg fi mh sdsh sibûg nuy hgtdbuhsnir ei fis `i e`hs pcr mh Ecrcgh. H mh mmhnh fh "Ehsh fi Hn phrhfhs" ecrrispcgfîh ugh rigthsi nis trhm ecjrh fh ig im rhnc fi vh ehgtis nh ycris y ni gcris fim Hrzcjdsphfc1 y hm @cspdedc fi@uärohgcs ctrh ehgtdfhf prc vigdigti fim rhnc fi pumpi rîhs. Hsdndsnc, im sirvdedc `cspdthmhrdcbczhjh fis fi mh äpceh vdrridghm fim usuoruetc fi mc qui prcfu eîhg mhs ougedcgis tih trhmis y fi mhpcsi sdõg fi mcs ifdodedcs fifdehfcs h is pie tèeumcs, ecnc, dbuhmnig ti, fi ugh ecg trdju edõghguhm fim brindc fi ph ghfi rcs qui muibc oui mmhnh fh "fi rie`cs fi trd bcs y `hrdghs".

Vcfhs is ths rigths phshrcg ig 8056 h mh Jigi odeig edh. Gc irhg nuy brhgfis, ec nc yh si `hfde`c1 y hgti su fdsndguedõg y hjcmdedõg ig nue`cs ehscs im Isthfc tu vc qui hyufhr ecg suhpcyc iec gõndec. \cr ctrh phrti, mh Jigi odeig edh igtrõ ig pc si sdõg, pcr fieri tcs fi 8¼ ficetujri fi 8050 y 4 fi ku mdc fi 8069 fi mcs prcfue tcs fim fi ri e`c mmhnh fc "fi ris thurhedõg cnhg fh ocrzcsh" erihfc pcr fi eri tc fi :: fi si tdin jri fi 80:? ig mcs tis thnig tcs. Im fieri tcfi 8¼ fi ce tujri fi 8050 hf kufdeõ, hfi nès, h mh Jigi odeig edh mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi mcs phtrcgh-tcs, jui ghs ni nc rdhs y cjrhs pîhs. Isti fi eri tc fi 8050 oui fi rcbhfc pcr su pri nh ri scmuedõgfi 89 fi oi jri rc fi 8488.

Ui vcmvirè h trhthr fi mh Ucedifhf fi Ji gi odeig edh fi Mdnh h prcpõsdtc fim ribmhnig tc fi 8060.Ig euhgtc hm rhnc fi suir tis, su crd big fhthjh fim høc fi 8205. \cr rihm eä fumh fi 84 fi

si tdin jri fi 824? oui isi rh nc fi emhrhfc ph trdnc gdc fi mh Zihm @hedigfh nhg ti gdägfc si mhshsdbghedcgis qui h su ohvcr tigîhg ig äm mhs cjrhs pîhs. Igtri bhfc h mh fdrieedõg y muibc h mhUcedifhf fi Ji gi odeig edh, oui cj kitc fi pi rdõfdehs sujhs ths pûjmdehs y su vhmcr mmibõ `hsth 69ndm piscs hguhmis. Im sujhs thfcr c in pri shrdc si cjmdbhjh h pri ndhr mcs vidgti prdni rcs gûni-rcs qui si shehjhg fi ugh èg ocrh sdigfc im nhycr prindc fi ndm piscs y mcs nigcris fi 99. Imscrtic irh si nh ghm. Hjuscs y ecrrupti mhs `dedircg h mh Jigi odeig edh cpthr pcr mh hfndgdstrhedõgfdrieth fim rhnc h phr tdr fi 80?:. Im scrtic si `d zc nig suhm y mcs jdmmitis ecs thrcg ug pi sc, sdig-fc fdvdfdfcs ig euhr tcs fi : rih mis. Im prindc nh ycr oui igtcgeis fi 8< ndm piscs (ribmhnig tcfi 5 fi fd edin jri fi 80?:).

0EH\ÎVYMC :< \IZÎCFC 8



ehpîtumc 80 ◃ D Hgti ei fig tis fi Ehs tdmh◃DD Mcs dgedfig tis ecg Dgbmhti rrh ig mh buirrh edvdmfi 8066-8069 ◃ Im prctc ec mc fi nh yc fi 8069 ymh bistdõg fdpmcnè tdeh ecg trh äm◃ Mhs hbdthedcgissuj vir sdvhs y mh prdsdõg fi Dbuhîg ◃ DDD Mh pcmîtdehdgtir gh ig im Ecgbrisc fi 8069 y im vdh ki fimndgdstrc Nig fdju ru hm sur ig 806? ◃ Mcs hthquisfi Imîhs ecg trh mh pcmîtdeh iec gõndeh ig 8062 yim dgtig tc fi ug vc tc phr mhnig thrdc ecgtrh imndgdstrc \hz-Ucmfèg ◃ Mh firrcth fim Bcjdirgc igmhs imieedcgis ph rh im Ecgsi kc fi Is thfc ig 8062◃ Mh miy imietc rhm fi 8062 y im vctc fi mcs dgfî bi-ghs y nis tdzcs ◃ Im ecgomdetc ig tri im \c fir Iki eu-tdvc y im ecgsi kc fi is thfc pcr mh ecg vcehtc rdh hmEcgbrisc ix trhcr fdghrdc fi 8060 ◃ Im dgtig tc fiug gui vc Ecgbrisc ix trhcr fdghrdc ig si tdin jri

fi 8060 ◃ D_ Mh ecgspdrhedõg fi oi jri rc fi 8064y mh prdsdõg y fis tdirrc fi Uhg Zc nèg ◃ Mhni nc rdh fi \hr fc y Hmdhbh ig 8064 ◃ Im Ecgbriscix trhcr fdghrdc y im crfdghrdc fi 8064. Im fi jh tipc mîtdec ◃ Mh prdni rh ehîfh fi ug nd gdstrc pcrvctc phr mhnig thrdc ◃ Im dgtig tc fi hsi sdghtc fiImîhs◃ Mh miy fi dgfin gdfhf y hn gdstîh ◃ Ctrcshspie tcs fi mh mibdsmhturh fi 8064 ◃ _ Im risthjmi-edndig tc fi mh vdfh phr mhnig thrdh◃ Im Ecgsi kcfi Is thfc ◃ Im ispîrdtu fi nc fir gdzhedõg ig mhpc mîtdeh ◃ Mh igirbîh fi Ehs tdmmh◃ Kcsä Bri bc rdc\hz Ucmfèg y Ehs tdmmh◃ Mh crbhgdzhedõg fi mcs

ndgdsti rdcs y mh hetdvdfhf hf ndgdstrhtdvh◃

Im sig-tdfc fim prdnir bc jdir gc fi Ehs tdmmh.

Q tcNc 6 ^

ehpîtumc :8 ◃ D Uujmivhedõg fi Uhmhvirry◃ Ecgscmdfhedõg hphrigti fi mh hutcrdfhffi Uhmhvirry ◃ Mh cjrh hfndgdstrhtdvh fiUhmhvirry◃ DD Bägisds fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg\iruhgc-jcmdvdhgh ◃ Im phetc fi Bhnhrrh-Uhgth Eruz. Hgèmdsds fi mh hetdtuf fiBhnhrrh ig 8059 ◃ Im phetc Crjibczc-Uhgth Eruz ◃ Vrhgsndsdõg fi mhs oheumthfisixtrhcrfdghrdhs fi Crjibczc h Uhgth Eruz◃ DDD Buirrh igtri Uhgth Eruz y Bhnhrrh ◃

Thghece`h ◃ Uhgth Eruz y Uhmhvirry◃ "Mhbuirrh h nuirti" ◃ Uigtdndigtcs ghedcgh-

mis y ecstiøcs ig mh prcphbhgfh ecgtrhUhgth Eruz ◃ Mh ehnphøh fi Ecjdkh ◃ Mhehnphøh fim Eigtrc y im hvhgei fiUhmhvirry h Hriqudph◃ Mcs Ecgsikcs fi

Bcjdirgc y im gibrc Miõg Isecjhr ig Mdnh.³Ui sigtõ Miõg Isecjhr ig im sdmmõg prisd-figedhm3 ◃ Mdnh y Ehmmhc pcr Crjibczc◃ Ye`unhyc ◃ "Im Hthqui fi Ye`unhyu",sînjcmc ghedcghm ◃ Ucehjhyh ◃

Hprishndigtc fi Uhmhvirry y mhs sigtigedhsecgtrh äm y sus prdgedphmis hfiptcs ndmdth-ris ◃ Mcs ûmtdncs fceunigtcs fi Uhmhvirry◃ Mcs ousdmhndigtcs◃ Mh vuimth fi mcs hkustd-edhfcs h mh \mhzh fi Hrnhs fi Hriqudph◃ Uhmhvirry ig im ehgedcgirc pcpumhr◃ Mcsristcs fi Uhmhvirry ◃ Mh ehsheh fi Uhmhvirry◃

Mh iseuhfrh shmhvirrdgh y im cehsc fimpcfir ghvhm fim \irû ◃ Im fijhti scjri imfirie`c fi hsdmc ghvhm ig 805? ◃ Mh hshn-jmih fim Isthfc Uur \iruhgc.

Q prdnir pirîcfc; Mh äpceh ougfhedcghM fi Mh ZipûjMdeh ^

Q tcnc : ^



4: \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :8

Q D ^YJMI _HEDÕG FI UHMH _IZZT.- Crji bcsc, ecgemudfh mh buirrh edvdm fi 8056, inpi zõ guivh-nig ti h bc jir ghr, ecnc yh si `h hgc thfc, ecg ugh nh gdoisthedõg hpctiõ sdeh; su riedjdndig tcig Mdnh, im 5 fi nh yc, fis puäs fim hjrhzc fi Nh qudguhyc. \cr si bugfh viz hphrieîh ecnc ugvigei fcr, sdg `hjir ecn jh tdfc. \i rc mh pcpumhrdfhf gc is ug ni rc usuoruetc ri nu gi rhtcrdc1dnpmdeh ig rihmdfhf, ug präs thnc fi ecg odhgzh, h vieis usuhrdc. ³Eõnc ù jdi rh mcbrhfc phbhrmcCrji bcsc3 @cnjri jcg fhfc sc y jdig dgtig edcghfc, pc fîh ecn phrèrsi mi ecg ug èrjcm orcgfc-sc mmigc fi `c khs y fi omcris pi rc sdg orutcs.

Eig surhs heirjhs ri edjdi rcg fcs ph rhfc khmis ìe`cs qui mh cpcsdedõg mi he`heõ; ug ixei sdvcgûni rc fi hs eig scs ndmdthris y im htrhsc ig im phbc fi mcs suimfcs. Mh mdjir thf fi dn prig th,fi shthfh fu rhgti mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi Bhnh rrh, vcmvdõ ecg hgèmcbh vdrumigedh. Inpi zhrcg c sifd kc qui in pi zhrcg mhs ecgspdrhedcgis. Crji bcsc rigugedõ im 2 fi nhyc fi 8056 h ehush fi mhsfdodeumthfis ixdstig tis y pcr is thr igoirnc. Mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm gc hfndtdõ isi ndsnc fîhmh fdndsdõg. Fcs fîhs fispuäs Mh Ouigti, im hgtdbuc huxdmdhr y igindbc fi Bh nh rrh, h euyc ohvcrsi `h eîh ugh dgtig sh ehnphøh pi rdcfîstdeh, oui hprishfc y ig vdhfc hm ixtrhg kirc. H Mh Ouigti simi heusõ fi ecgs pdrhr ecg mh ndrh fi htrhir `h edh äm h mcs phrtdfh rdcs fi Jir nû fiz y fi Bh nh rrhy h mcs riei mcs fi mcs ndmdthris ghedcghmis ecgtrh mcs kiois ixtrhg kircs. Ig mcs ûmtdncs ni sis fi8056, si sdgtdõ ugh sigshedõg fi hphrig ti ri pcsc1 pirc irh im ripcsc qui gheîh fi mh mhgbudfiz.Hmmî igecgtrõ su ehmfc fi eumtdvc im pristdbdc fi Uhmhvirry.

Crji bcsc `dzc h Uhmhvirry ecrcgim y muibc bi gi rhm i dgspie tcr bi gi rhm fi mhs ndmdedhs fi mhZipûjmdeh, puistc fi brhg hu tcrdfhf i dn pcrthgedh, pcr im pirscghm qui fi äm fipig fîh. Gc sigi ei sdthjh sir zh`c rî phrh ecn prig fir mc qui istc sdbgdodehjh y vhrdcs hndbcs ouircg fcg fiCrji bcsc h rivimhrmi im pimdbrc. Isti mmibõ h fi edrmi edirth gceì h Uhmhvirry; "Ni hg fde`c vhrdhspir scghs qui trhth Yf. fi `h eirni ri vcmuedõg". Uhmhvirry (euigth im fièg _hmfdvdh ig su mdjrcZivcmuedcgis fi Hriqudph) "ecg hquimmh rdsh oirdgh qui khnès mi jhøhjh im rcstrc fi pmheir", ris-pcgfdõ; "Ud hsî ouisi, si øcr bi gi rhm prisdfig ti, prdgedpdhrîh ousdmhgfc prdni rc h _.I.". Vhgtc Ehstdmmhfis fi \u gc ecnc Ieì gdqui fis fi Mdnh hf vdrtdircg h Crji bcsc qui Uhmhvirry ecgspdrhjh.

Bhnh rrh isthjh ig Jc mdvdh, y fisfi hmmî ecgspdrhjh thn jdäg1 y hfinès mcs hbigtis fi UhgthEruz hetuhjhg ig im sur. Crji bcsc fi edfdõ nhre`hr h ish zcgh pcr isi nc tdvc c ecg pmhgis imie-tcrhmis, y quifõ ig ehrbhfc fim nhg fc im prisdfig ti fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc fcg Nh guim Uhmhzhry Jhquî khgc (? fi gc vdinjri fi 8056). Im :4 fi fdedin jri mmibõ hm Ehmmhc Mh Ouig ti fi ribri sc fim

fis tdirrc. Im prdni rc fi igi rc fi 8059 mh buhrgdedõg dnphbh fi mcs ehs tdmmcs fim Eh mmhc (si fd kc qui`hjîh sdfc nc vdfh pcr mcs bhnh rrdsths) cjsi qudõ ecg ug hbudghmfc hm vdh kirc; si sujmivõ hm nhgfcfi shr big tcs, hprisõ h mcs kiois y codedhmis y mi dgvdtõ h fi sin jhrehr. Mh Ouigti gc si htri vdõ hheip thr isti hbudghmfc. Uhmhvirry ecg mh trcph fi Mdnh, ecn puis th fi edigtc y thgtcs scmfhfcs,hshmtõ y tcnõ mcs ehstdmmcs im 6 fi igirc. Ygh viz rigfdfh mh pmhzh, sdg ecgsumthr h ghfdi, `dzc ousdmhrh mcs shrbig tcs sdgfdehfcs fi sir eh ji edmmhs fim nctîg y ecnc im Bcjdirgc mi riprcjh rh su ecg-fue th si pri sig tõ hmthgi rc ig im \hmhedc fi Mdnh y mcbrõ fi dgfin gdfhf.

Fui øc fi mcs ehstdmmcs fim Ehmmhc, ig immcs si sujmivõ Uhmhvirry, h mhs 8: fi mh gceì im :: fioijri rc. \rcemhnõ si kioi supri nc fi mh Zipûjmdeh y si jhsõ ig mh heiohmîh ig qui `hjîh qui fhfc

U



4EH\ÎVYMC :8 \IZÎCFC 8

Isti ehufdmmc ouihyufhgti fim prisdfigMh Nhr y suordõ prdsu mhfc trhs im bcmIsthfc fi 80:4. Høcsfispu s, im prisdfigtCrjibcsc mc gcnjrõ bigirhm fi Jrdbhfh.Uhmhvirry hprcvie`õfi sus husigedhs phrhtcnhr im pcfir ig 805 Hm høc sdbudigti oousdmhfc ig Hriqud pcr ouirzhs piruhgc-jcmdvdhgh

OIMD\I UHGUHMH_IZZT(80<?-805?)

im pcfir h ehush fim vdh ki fi Crji bcsc hm sur1 mh ohmth fim äxdtc fi isti1 im pcrvigdr scnjrîc fh fhmh fibrhfhedõg y mh ndsi rdh ixdstig tis. Im igehrbhfc fim nhg fc ig Mdnh, Uhmhzhr y Jhquî khgc, siri tdrõ h Khu kh ecg ughs pcehs ouirzhs qui mmibhrcg h sunhr si h ctrhs, h pishr fi mc euhm tirndgh-rcg prcemhnhg fc h Uhmhvirry.

" VCFC C GHFH"."MH Ä\CEH IU FIMCU NYE@HE@CU".

Ghedõ Uhmhvirry ig Mdnh im 5 fi nh yc fi 80<9. Hmungc fim Ecmibdc fi Uhg Oirghgfc, fi kõsus humhs h mcs 89 høcs phrh prisig thrsi hm euhrtim bigi rhm fi Uhg Nhrtîg, h mh ifhf ig qui ctrcstcfhvîh tdigig kubui tis y ig trõ ig im ikäredtc. Hsdstdõ h ehsd tcfhs mhs jhthmmhs fi mh buirrh fi mhDgfi pig fig edh; Vcrhth, [i pdth, Kugîg y Hyheue`c. Hsî eunpmdõ mcs 84 høcs, äpceh ig qui mmibõpcr hseig scs suei sdvcs, `hsth im brhfc fi shr big tc nh ycr. Hug fi ish äpc eh cseurh fi su jhm-tir gc qui fhg sdbgdodehtdvhs hgäefc ths fi Uhmhvirry. Igtri immhs si igeuig trh hquimmh scjri sugi bhtdvh phrh shtdsoheir hm pûjmdec ecgeurrigti h mh pmhzh fi tc rcs fi Mdnh `h edigfc qui sutrcph rihmdzhrh mhs pdgtcrisehs ivcmuedcgis mmhnh fhs "im fispi kc", pcrqui ecg sdfi rhjh qui mhndsdõg fim ikäredtc ghfh ti gîh qui `heir ecg mh ordvcmdfhf. Vhnjdäg su hufhz pri sig thedõg hJc mîvhr ig ug fîh fi hrig bhs, ecg im prcpõsdtc fi ri emhnhr heir eh fim hjhgfc gc fi mh Mibdõg\i ruhgh, h mh euhm pirti gi eîh. Ig mh äpceh fi Mh Nhr ecgtuvc ig su euhrtim, ig im Ecmibdc Zihm,mh sujmivhedõg qui im ecrcgim @uhvdqui `h jîh dgdedhfc im :5 fi hjrdm fi 80:0. Uhehgfc su is ph-fh si jh tdõ ecg isti ri jimfi y mc nhtõ hgti mh trcph istupi oheth. Ziedjdõ ig tcgeis im brhfc fiti gdigti ec rcgim.

Istuvc ig mh ehnphøh fi Ec mcnjdh y ig mh jhthmmh fi Vhrqud. Fispuäs fim bcmpi fi Is thfc fiBhnh rrh, pdfdõ su riocrnh nd mdthr y si dzc gcthr ecnc phr tdfhrdc fi Mh Nhr. Crbhgdzõ ig \durh ixi-qudhs oûgi jris ph rh äm y si hodrnõ qui `h jîh ecmhjc rhfc ig im phgi bîrdec qui oui hmmî prcgugedhfc.\i rc Bhnh rrh mc gcnjrc suj pri oietc y ecnhg fhgti nd mdthr fi Vhegh, edufhf fcg fi si eh sõ ecgfc øh Kuhgh \äriz. Hm pcec tdin pc ridgbri sõ hm sirvdedc ecnc prdnir hyu fhgti fi Is thfc Nh ycr.

Im 80 fi nhrzc fi 8055 si hgug edõ codedhmnig ti qui Uhmhvirry fi jîh ig ehji zhr ugh sujmivh-edõg ig im Ehmmhc. Uibûg hodrnõ im pirdõfdec bcjdirgdsth Im Ecgedmdhfcr , äm rivimõ su pmhg hm ndgds-trc \i frc Jir nû fiz, hugqui mc gibõ ig ug is erdtc vi ì nig ti. Jir nû fiz hodrnõ qui mh ecgoi-sdõg qui Uhmhvirry mi `dzc oui pcr dg shgdfhf. Fis puäs fi pu jmdehr su phg omitc ig ug "hmehgei" hIm Vimäbrhoc fi Mdnh , im prisugtc ecgspdrhfcr hgfu vc h ehjh mmc pcr mhs ehmmis nès eägtrdehs fi mhehpdthm. Ish gceì oui hpri shfc ig su eh sh qui `h jîh fi khfc ecg mh puirth hjdirth. Vhnjdäg pir-fdõ su mdjir thf Nhguim Vimmirîh, qui `hjîh pc ec hgtis ceu phfc mh \risdfig edh fi mh Zipûjmdeh ighusig edh fi Bhnh rrh y oui pirsi budfc Zdvh-Hbýirc.

Fis fi mh prdsdõg, Uhmhvirry rifhetõ "Mh phtrdh ig fuimc", ug mdji mc ourdjug fc ecg trh imBcjdirgc, "mh nès erdndghm fi euhgths pujmdehedcgis si `hg fh fc h mh prigsh fis fi mcs fîhs fiNhrht", sibûg ixpri sõ im õrbhgc bc jdirgdsth Mh _irfhf . Th fisfi tdin pc htrès si mi htrdjuîh sirhutcr fi hmbugcs hrtîeumcs eèustdecs ig mcs fdhrdcs. Igtcrpi edfc y ig ri fhfc im prcei sc, mhs hutc-

rdfhfis cp thrcg pcr im ecgodghndig tc fi Uhmhvirry ig im fiphrthnig tc fi Hnh zcghs.Hmmî si sujmivõ ecg fdiz dgfîbi ghs. Ehpturhfc pcr sus ndsncs si euheis, hgti mh gctdedh fimhvhgei fim ecnhg fhg ti bi gi rhm fim fiphrthnig tc fi Mh Mdjir thf, ri fu kc ig Eh khnhr eh h qudi-gis mc eustcfdhjhg y ig trõ trdugohgti h Vru kdmmc. Euhgfc im bigi rhm _dfhm oui igvdhfc ig ecg trhsuyh, hm nhgfc fi ugh fd vdsdõg isecbdfh, im igeuig trc ig mh bhrdth fi Nc eì ph ri edõ fisjh rh-thrmc, fispuäs fi ug eh jh mmirisec fis pmdibui fi vh mcr pcr hnjhs phrtis. Oubdtdvc ig mh orcgti rhfi Ieuh fcr, ri bri sõ phrh ehir ig nh gcs fi _dfhm. Fipcrthfc pcr isti, mcbrõ ehn jdhr im runjcfi su jhr ec y fi sin jhrehr "scmc i dgirni" ig mhs pmhyhs fi Uhg Kcsä. Fi hmmî ecrrdõ h ugdrsi ecgmhs ouirzhs fi Crji bcsc, qudig mc `dzc ecrcgim1 y h su mmibhfh fdc mubhr hm codedc fim bigi rhm









hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

46 \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :8

Ndmmir, ecg mh orhsi kujdmcsh qui muibc si `dzc prcvirjdhm ecnc hgug edc fi ug ohustc hecgti ed-ndig tc; "Xui ripdquig ig Thumd". \rcjõ ridti rhfhnig ti, h mc mhrbc fi tc fcs is tcs ipdscfdcs, quifi mcs kubcs fi mh hfvirsdfhf sh jîh `h eir ugh hsdndmhedõg tcgdodehgti. Im ehgshgedc y mh firrcthirhg phrh äm ug trhnpcmîg. Hgti su ti ni rdfhf, mcs cjstèeumcs hetuhjhg ec nc is tînu mc. Vhgti ndjmi risumthjh vig ei fcr ec nc vig edfc. "@èbhgni ec rcgim y yc ni `hrä mc finès" fd kc y

mmibõ h fdethfcr fim \i rû. Ecnc Eminig ti _DD ùjdi rh pcfdfc fi edr qui su minh irh; "Vcfc cghfh". Ecnc fcg Kuhg fi Hus trdh `hjrîh pcfdfc ix emhnhr; "Xudig gc hspdrh h hfimhgthr, ritrc-ei fi". Gdgbugh in pri sh mi phrieîh jhsthgti fdoîedm, gdgbûg trhjh kc jhsthgti hbc thfcr. Hjdsnhpig shr mc qui `hjrîh ceurrdfc sd su ecgscrti ù jdi si sdfc fc øh Orhgedseh [ujdhbh. Fimbhfc,pèmdfc, ecg ckcs fi vdvc ndrhr y "rdsh oirdgh qui khnès mi jhøhjh im rcstrc fi pmheir", mhs phstdmmhseujrîhg ehsd ecnc ug ehs ec mcs ecs thfcs fi su eh rh y tcreîhg `hsth tcehr ehsd mh jceh, fcgfi imjdbcti ri ecrthfc ecn pmithjh mh sigshedõg fi hrrcbhgedh. Hm odrnhr rujrdehjh mh ûmtdnh mitrh fisu hpimmdfc ecg ugh hge`h y girvdcsh siøhm ecnc sd mh ujdi rh iserdtc ecg mh pugth fi mh isphfh.

Euhgfc tc nõ im Ehmmhc pcr hshmtc, im eõgsum fi E`dmi fcg _igturh Mhvhmmi iserdjdõ h su Bcjdir-gc is ths phmhjrhs; "Uhmhvirry is ug kcvig qui vh h fhr nu e`c trh jh kc h sus phdshgcs pcrqui hugh ehji zh fis tcrgdmmhfh, ugh hnjdedõg fisni fdfh y ug ehrèetir hmthgi rc y shgbudghrdc, riûgithmigtc y vhmcr gc ecnûg ig im phîs".

"¡Mh äpceh is fi mcs nue`he`cs!", iserdjdõ kujdmcshnig ti hm igehrhnhr si sc jri im pcfir. Mh kuvig tuf si ig ehrghjh ig äm. Gc mh kuvig tuf phrh im hncr qui Ohustc ecn prõ ecg su hmnh sdgcmh kuvig tuf phrh im pcfir ec nc ig hquim utõpdec ridgc qui fis erdjdi rh Eyrhgc fi Jir bi rhe,fcg fi mcs vdi kcs si fi khg bcjir ghr pcr mcs kõvigis y mis rdgfig heh thndig tc y vigi rhedõg. Mh kuvig tuf phrh im pcfir, ph rh im bcei fi mh vdetcrdh priecz y phrh mh hnhrburh isphgtcsh fim orh-ehsc, ecg mh sigshedõg fi mh omie`h qui sh ji qui hûg gc mmibõ hm jmhgec. Mh kuvig tuf mceh yjdzhrrh fi mh euhm gc pcfîh `hjmhrsi (ecnc fi Bh nh rrh `hjmhjhg sus igi ndbcs) ecg fis pri edcy ni gcs ecg jur mh (ecnc h Cr ji bcsc si mi ecnjh tîh). Hquî surbîh im tirrcr, mh sigshedõg fi quigc si shjîh hfõg fi djh is tc, ecnc im rhyc. "Zhyc qui gc ei sh" oui (hpmdehgfc im virsc fi Ndbuim@irgègfiz) Uhmhvirry y ig trinig fh tin pis thf mmibõ h e`cehr ecgtrh ugh eunjri ì mhfh.

Mcs igindbcs fi Uhmhvirry prisig thrcg tris rhzcgis phrh erdtdehr su sujmivhedõg ig 8059; 8)Mh dgbrhtdtuf ecg Crji bcsc qui mc `hjîh hseig fdfc h ec rcgim y muibc h bigi rhm1 :) Mh sujmivh-edõg ecgtrh mh hutcrdfhf mibhm y 5) Mh pceh ifhf fim ehufdmmc. Mh rispuis th shmhvirrdgh h fde`hserîtdehs oui mh sdbudigti; 8) Mcs hseig scs fi Uhmhvirry, fis fi mcs prdni rcs brhfcs, ouircg ì e`csugc h ugc, brhedhs h sus närdtcs1 :) Mh hutcrdfhf fi Cr ji bcsc irh fdseutdjmi fis fi im nc nig tcig qui isti si `h jîh ecgvirtdfc ig ug ehg fdfhtc ig jus eh fi vc tcs y `hjîh "hjdirtc ehn phøhecgtrh mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis"1 5) Mh kuvig tuf fim ehufdmmc irh su ni kcr erifig edhm.

ECGUCMDFHEDÕG H\HZIGVI FI MH HYVCZDFHF FI UHMH _IZZT.- Uuei sdvhnig ti, fds-tdgths prcvdgedhs fim eigtrc, fim gcrti y fim sur riecgcedircg mh hutcrdfhf fi Uh mhvirry. Im Euzec siprcgugedõ pcr mh oifi rhedõg. Mhs trcphs qui hecn phøhjhg h Uhmhzhr y Jhquî khgc mc hjhgfc ghrcg.Crji bcsc, qui is thjh ig Hri qudph, igvdõ hm gcrti ugh ix pi fdedõg hm nhgfc fim bi gi rhm Orhgedsec

_hmmi Zdistrh, qudig pujmdeõ ugh hni ghzhfc rh prcemhnh hm fisin jhrehr ig \dsec, fdedigfc; "\dsi-ncs mcs ehfè viris fi guis trcs ìr nh gcs, hndbcs y ecn phtrdcths". \irc mh ndsnh codedhmdfhf fi mhouirzh ixpi fdedcghrdh ehnjdõ fi jhg fi rh, riecgcedõ mh hutcrdfhf fim "prdnir eh pdtèg fi mcs piruh-gcs" y hprisõ h _hmmi Zdistrh. Igtcgeis Uhmhvirry crfi gõ im ousdmhndig tc fi _h mmi Zdistrh ig im Ehmmhc,hetc qui vdgc h fi ncs trhr mh vdcmigedh fi su ehrèetir y qui oui fdseutdfc pcr sus igi ndbcs y hugpcr hmbugcs hndbcs (8¼ fi hjrdm). Ui `h hfuedfc ig fis ehrbc fi Uhmhvirry vhrdhs rhzcgis; mh prcemh-nh shgbudghrdh fi _hmmi Zdistrh y ugh ehrth qui, ecg im ndsnc is pîrdtu, nhgfõ h Crji bcsc1 mh ecg-fdedõg fi _hmmi Zdistrh, qui irh mh fi ug kioi "ehpdtumhfc" y su hgtdbuh igi ndsthf ecg Uhmhvirry1 mhgctdedh qui Uhmhvirry riedjdõ fim prcgugedhndig tc fi Gdi tc ig im gcrti ecg fi thmmis (scmc fisnig-

ug VIZZINCVC T ugVUugHND FIUVZuTIgMH EDuFHF FI

ECgEI\EDÕg, IgE@DMI. MH

EHV UVZCoI ouIZIBDUVZHFH \CZ IMEDIgVîoDEC DgBMäUE@HZMIU FHZwDg,

quDIg UIIgECgVZHJH Ig MHzCgH Ig HquIM

IgVCgEIU. UI FDEIquI MHU CMHU FIMVUugHND ouIZCg

VHg HMVHU quIEuJZDIZCg MCU

JuquIU HgEMHFCU

Ig IM \uIZVC.

:<oIJZIZC8059

Q e`Dmi ^



Q8

IM KYIBC FI MH UYIZVI. Ygh viz h mh sinhgh, mcs mdni øcs si riu gîhg ig mh \mhzh fi Hr nhs ph rh is eue`hr mcs ri sumth-fcs fi mh mcti rîh, qui irhg hgug edhfcs fis fi ug th jmhfdmmc mi vhgthfc is piedhmnig ti ph rh mh cehsdõg. Ig 80?:, mhJi gi odeig edh fi Mdnh ph sõ h `h eir si ehr bc fi is th hetd vdfhf. Is th heuhri mh fi \hg e`c Odirrc, td tumhfh Mcti rîh ig mh

pmhzh prdged phm , nuis trh im pcfir fi ecg vcehtc rdh fi is ti pc pumhr kui bc fi hzhr.




40







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :8

mh hgtdbuh ni trõpcmd. H su phsc pcr E`dmi, \hrfc dgdedõ trhtcs phrh jusehr im huxdmdc fi isi bcjdir-gc ecgtrh Uhgth Eruz.

n) Mcs ehøcgis fim Ehmmhc.- Mmhnh mh htigedõg qui Uhmhvirry fi shrtdeumhrh mh Ocrthmizh fi mhDgfi pig fig edh fim Ehmmhc phrh vigfir sus pdizhs fi jrcg ei.

Q DD ^BäGIUDU FI MH ECGOIFI ZHEDÕG \IZÛ-JCMD _DHGH.- \hrh kustdodehr mh dgtir vig edõg fimprisdfigti fi Jc mdvdh, Hgfräs Uhgth Eruz, ig mcs hsugtcs fim \i rû ecg im cj kitc fi ocrnhr mhEcgoifi rhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh pufdircg dgvcehrsi tris emhsis fi rh zcgis; rhzcgis pir nh gig tis,rhzcgis pir scghmis y rhzcgis dgni fdhths.

Mhs rhzcgis pir nh gig tis irhg fi eh rèetir bic brèodec, `dstõrdec, iec gõndec y hgtrcpcmõbdec.Hnjcs, \i rû y Jcmdvdh ecphrtdedphg ig mhs `cyhs fim Vdtdeheh y fi Nhfri fi Fdcs, pi si h mh dgsi ph-rhjmi ugdfhf oîsdeh fi ehfh ugh fi immhs. Mh euigeh crdigthm fim mhbc Vdtdeheh is jc mdvdhgh, y mh ceed-fig thm, piruhgh1 im rîc Vhùhnh gu, jc mdvdhgc ig phrti, is pi ruhgc fis fi Uhgth Zcsh, y im Nhfrifi Fdcs is pi ruhgc thn jdäg fis fi \uir tc \hrfc. Mh ecrfdmmirh fi mcs Hgfis, hm fiseig fir fis fimh hmtdpmhgdedi fi Jc mdvdh (mmhnh fh trhfdedcghmnig ti Hmtc \i rû) `hsth im Jh kc \irû, `hei ni gcs is tä-rdmis h mhs tdirrhs ecgocrni hvhg zh `hedh im gcrti fi \c tcsî `hsth mh rhyh fi _dmehgcth. Ig im mdtcrhmmcs puirtcs prcpdedcs phrh im hmtcmmhgc fi Mh \hz fis fi im pugtc fi vdsth bic brèodec-iec gõndec(y sdg igtrhr ig ecgsdfi rhedcgis pc mîtdehs qui tig frîhg qui tc nhr ig euig th ohetcris `dstõrdecs y,scjri tc fc mh vcmugthf fi mh pcjmhedõg) si `hmmhg ig mh zcgh fi Hrdeh.

Hgtrcpcmõbdehnig ti mcs quieùhs, qui ecgs tdtuyig mh nhycrîh fi mh pcjmhedõg dgfîbi gh fim\i rû, scg ìr nh gcs fi mcs hynh rhs qui ocrnhg mh nhycrîh fi mh pcjmhedõg dgfîbi gh fi Jc mdvdh.Mcs vîgeumcs igtri immcs scg thg rinc tcs qui vhg nu e`c nès hmmè ig im tdinpc, nès htrès fimecnûg dn pi rdc dgeh y si `h mmibhfc h `h jmhr fi ug hgtdquîsdnc dn pi rdc hynh rh c phmicquieùhmmhnh fc fi Vdh uhghec1 pcr mc nigcs ù jc ig tcgeis dgtig sc ecgthetc eumturhm. Vcfh mh ribdõgfim sur fim \irû y Jcmdvdh ocrnhg kugths im èrih eumturhm pri`dspègdeh qui si h fh fc ig mmhnhr fimcs "Hgfis eig trhmis". @hy quieùhs ig edirths ribdcgis fim sur fi Jc mdvdh ecnc `hy hy nh rhs ighmbughs ribdcgis gc scmc fim sur sd gc thnjdäg fim eigtrc y fim gcrti fim \i rû. Hehsc im fdhmietc"ehuqud" fi Thuycs sih ug gi xc odmcmõbdec ig tri mcs fcs dfdcnhs, qui eùh y hynh rh.

Vhg scmc pcrqui mh ehpdthm fim _drridghtc fim \i rû, Mdnh, `h mmèjh si nuy fds thgti, oui erihfh igmh äpceh ecmcgdhm mh Hufdigedh fi E`hrehs. Mhs nès vhmdcshs igecndig fhs fim _drridghtc fim \i rûis tuvdircg ig im tirrdtcrdc fim Ecmmhc y E`hrehs, hsî ecnc su nès mibig fhrdh rdqui zh, mh fi mhs ndghsfi \c tcsî. Euhgfc si trh tõ fi si bribhr hm Hmtc fim Jh kc \irû, im vdrriy fcg Nhguim Budrdcr si cpu scy risumthg prc oätdehs mhs phmhjrhs fi su ehr th fi :< fi nh yc fi 8220; "Im ridgc fim \i rû, Jh kc y Hmtc,gc hf ndti fdvdsdõg pirpi tuh, isthgfc sus prc vdgedhs igmhzhfhs ughs ecg ctrhs, si pcgfrîh ugh pdi-frh fi is eègfhmc y inumhedõg". Ioietdvhnig ti, mh sibri bhedõg fi mhs prcvdgedhs fim Hmtc \i rû cHufdigedh fi E`hrehs y su dgecrpcrhedõg hm _drridghtc fi Jui gcs Hdris ecgtrdju yõ h mh fiehfig edhfim _drridghtc fim \i rû ig im sdbmc P_DDD. Hm prcfu edrsi mh sujmivhedõg fi Vûphe Hnhru, gc scmc siecgnc vdõ im sur fim \irû, sdgc thn jdäg im gcrti fim Hmtc \i rû. Mc ndsnc ceu rrdõ ecg mh sujmivhedõg

fi 8086, mmhnh fh fi \u nh eh uh, ig im Euzec. Im hvhgei fi mcs hrbig tdgcs ig im tirrdtcrdc hmtc-pi-ruhgc susedtõ im hmzhndig tc fi [i mh ig Vhegh. H odgis fim pirîcfc ec mcgdhm, euhgfc Hjhs ehm bcjir-ghjh im \irû, fi ì e`c, mh Hufdigedh fi E`hrehs oui ridgecrpcrhfh hm _drridghtc fi Mdnh, y sdbudõ mhsuir ti fi mcs rihmdsths qui ecgtdguhrcg jh kc mhs õrfi gis fim vdrriy Mh Uirgh. Im Hmtc \i rû istuvcsiphrhfc fim \i rû scmc euhrigth høcs. Ig mh Hshnjmih qui fi edfdõ mh erihedõg fi mh Zipûjmdeh fiJc mdvdh ùjc, ec nc si `h vdstc, ug phrtdfc ohvcrhjmi h mh ugdõg ecg im \irû. Gc sdinpri sc jri mhjh si fi mhs hufdigedhs surbdircg Zipûjmdehs, ecnc im ehsc fim Euzec y Buhfhmh khrh mc pruijh.

Ig mcs prdni rcs høcs fi mh Zipûjmdeh ceurrdõ tcfc mc qui hemhrhfc qui fh; mhs dgstrueedcgisugdcgdsths fim ehgedmmir piruhgc \hg fc hm pmigdpctig edhrdc Crtdz fi [i vhmmcs y im trhthfc odrnh-

(...) UHgVH EZuzgC IZH ug

IxVZHgKIZC IgIM \IZÛ.

ougFHFCZ FI MHDgFI\IgFIgEDH,ECNJHVDIgVI IgMHU JHVHMMHU FI

\DE@DgE@H,zI\DVH, T Kugîg,

@HJîH NHgFHFCMHZBC VDIN\C

IKäZEDVCU\IZuHgCU1 T Ig

IM IUEHMHoÕg FIM\IZÛ VIgîH IM

N xDNC BZHFC,IM FI BZHg

NHZDUEHM.




Vrhjhkõ ecnc kuizfdputhfc fim ecnired phrh mcs isphøcmisEuzec (80:6) y riehuugh brhg sunh fi fdg phrh odghgedhr mhecgtrh mcs phtrdcthsmh vdetcrdh fi Hyheoui gcnjrhfc dgtigfigfi Yrujhnjh y euhtrchøcs nès thrfi, prcncvdfc h prioietcecnhgfhgti bigirhmfim Euzec. Ig 8056, fipuistc fi su ehrbc, shmikõ fi mh vdfh pc pirc vcmvdõ furhgti bcjdirgc fi Uhmhvir8059 quifõ h ehrbc fMdnh furhgti mh rivfi Gditc igim gcrti.

KYHG ÈGBIJYKHGFH(824:-8052)

fc pcr isti ig 80:? ec nc prõ mcbc fi ugh hbmutdghedõg pcmîtdeh nès vhsth1 mhs pritig sdcgis fiJc mdvdh scjri Hrdeh1 mcs pmhgis hj scredcgdsths fi Bhnh rrh ivdfig edhfcs ig mh dgvhsdõg fi 80:01im nctîg fim bigi rhm Mchyzh ig mh \hz, fi ehrèetir pi ruhgdsth1 im orhehsc fi mh piruhgdzhedõg fiJc mdvdh ig 80:4 hm sir imibdfc Uhgth Eruz ecnc prisdfigti1 im heuirfc fi Bh nh rrh, Mh Ouigti yUhgth Eruz phrh ocrnhr ugh oifi rhedõg fi tris Is thfcs h jh si fi mhs fcs Zipûjmdehs, ig mh äpc-

eh ig qui si ecgs tdtuyircg ug trdugvdrhtc ecgtrh Mh Nhr1 mh dgtir fi pig fig edh ig mh pcmîtdeh fihn jcs phî sis, ivdfig edhfh pcr mhs rimhedcgis ig tri Bhnh rrh y Uhgth Eruz, fi 80:4 h 8055. Vcfcimmc si jhshjh gc ig eh prde`cs c ig dgti ri sis nig buhfcs ûgdehnig ti sdgc ig edreugsthgedhsprii xdstig tis. Gc prcvigîh thnpcec fi ni rhs rhzcgis `dstõrdehs.

Jc mdvdh irh, ig virfhf, ug phîs dgecn pmitc, ni fdti rrègic, qui sd ecgtdguhjh hdsmhfc pc fîhti nir h mh Hrbig tdgh, h E`dmi c hm \irû. Mcs fiphrthnig tcs fim sur fim \irû isthjhg, pcr ctrhphrti, si phrhfcs fim gcrti pcr im fi sdirtc fi Dsmhy y pcr mhs sirrhgîhs fi Hyheue`c, @uhgehvimd-eh y Hpurînhe, sdg rimhedõg dgni fdhth pcr mh husig edh fi ehndgcs, fi ti mäbrhocs, fi vhpcris. Igehn jdc, `heîhg ug trèodec ecgsthgti ecg Jc mdvdh. Hsî im vistdfc fi mcs `hjdthgtis fi Mh \hz prc-vigîh fi ti mhs fim Euzec y fi \u gc. Mh ixpcrthedõg fi mh eceh fi Mh \hz si rihmdzhjh bi gi rhm-nig ti sc jri im sur fim \irû. Hrdeh irh ug puirtc fi trèg sdtc phrh Jcmdvdh, ug hseig scr quiecgie thjh im hmtdpmhgc ecg im nhr. Mh ixpcrthedõg fi vdgcs fi Nc qui buh tigîh pcr prdgedphmnir ehfc, hm jcmdvdhgc. Mc ndsnc ceu rrîh ecg mhs ixpcrthedcgis fi Hri qudph y Hjhgehy. Nue`cs`cn jris fim sur fim \irû `hjîhg ì e`c sus is tufdcs ig mh fceth Eùqudsheh. Hfinès, ec nc imJrhsdm y Hrbig tdgh isthjhg ig vîs pi rh fi hmehgzhr ug pcfi rîc sdgbumhr, ecnc im risthjmiedndig-tc fi mh Brhg Ecmcnjdh irh ug ì e`c sdin pri pc sdjmi, y ecnc E`dmi si crbhgdzhjh phrh muibchfqudrdr mh supri nh eîh ig im Uur \heîodec fi Hnä rdeh, mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh phrieîhhmthnig ti ecg vigdigti, fis fi im pugtc fi vdsth fim iqudmdjrdc ecgtdgig thm.

Zhzcgis pir scghmis; Uhgth Eruz gc irh ug ixtrhg kirc ig im \irû. Ougfhfcr fi mh Dgfi pig fig-edh, ecnjh tdigti ig mhs jhthmmhs fi \de`dge`h, [i pdth, y Kugîg, `hjîh nhg fhfc mhrbc tdin pc ikär-edtcs pi ruhgcs1 y ig im isehmhoõg fim \irû tigîh im nèxdnc brh fc, im fi brhg nhrdsehm. Hmbc nès;`hjîh sdfc prisdfigti prc vdsdcghm fim \irû ig 80:? ig hu sig edh fi Jcmîvhr, y ig 80:2 fis puäs fimh ehîfh fim räbdnig vdthmdedc, y isi ndsnc høc `h jîh sdfc thn jdäg ehgfdfhtc h mh \risdfig edh fim\i rû. @cnjris prc ndgig tis fi is ti phîs, ecnc Mugh \dzhrrc, hgtdbuc igi ndbc suyc, eriîhg ecg-vigdigtis i dgi vdthjmis mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi Uhgth Eruz y mh ugdõg ecg Jcmdvdh1 y isi irh im ecgvig-edndig tc fi ug pc fi rcsc gûemic fi fdputhfcs fi mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm fi 8056, ec nc yh mcsfi jh tis sc jri mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh y mh Miy fi \ifdfcs fi Hu xdmdc mc finuis trh.

Zhzcgis dgni fdhths; mh hghrquîh qui is thjh bi gi rhmdzègfc si ig im \i rû pcfîh ixtig fir sioèedmnig ti h Jc mdvdh. Uhmhvirry irh ug pimdbrc phrh mh Zipûjmdeh fim Hmtdpmhgc. Mcs gcnjris fiGhvhrdgc y Hnji ris y mh fiemhrhedõg fi Dgbmhti rrh ig gcvdinjri fi 8205, qui kus tdodeõ mh dgtir-vig edõg fi Orhgedh pcr im "sdsti nh fis truetcr fi tc fc cr fig pû jmdec" hmmî erihfc, ouircg nig-edcghfcs ec nc pri ei fig tis iu rcpics fi mh dg kirig edh jcmdvdhgh ig mcs hsugtcs fim \i rû.

IM \HEVC BHNHZZH-UHGVH EZY[. HGÈMDUDU FI MH HEVDVYF FI BHNHZZH IG

8059.- H Uhgth Eruz mc mmhnh rcg gc scmc pirscghs c igtdfhfis fi hmehgei mcehm c ribdcghm, sdgcthn jdäg su vdi kc igindbc Bhnh rrh y im prisdfigti mibhm fim \irû, Crji bcsc. Zioubdhfc Bhnh rrhig Jc mdvdh, hm vdh khr fi Ece`hjhn jh h Ecjd kh phrh riugdrsi ecg su is pcsh (euigth äm ndsnc ig sunh gdodistc fi Ecs th Zdeh ig 8059), "im trègsdtc `hs th Crurc mc `dei pi gcshnig ti pcr ig tri imikäredtc puis tc ig nc vdndig tc `h edh mh orcgti rh. \riphrhtdvcs fi bui rrh irhg mcs scmcs cj kitcsqui viîh ig pui jmcs ghturhmnig ti dgirtis, pi rc h mcs qui fhjh ugh hetdvdfhf erihfc rh mh hnjd-edõg mceh fi ug tdrhgc. Hrfîh ig nd pri sig edh mh tih fistdghfh h mmivhr im dgeig fdc y mh fivhsthedõgh nd phtrdh y yc gc pcfîh hphbhrmh. Ui riocr khjhg ehfi ghs thg pishfhs ecnc fis `cg rcshs. Jcmdvdhdjh h fcndghr hm \irû y yc tigîh qui sir tis tdbc fi th nh øc jhmfõg". Ecgsdfi rõ Bhnh rrh qui im









hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :8 8<<

\i rû si fis qudedhjh ecg Crji bcsc dgirni ig Hri qudph, im ristc fim sur ig hetdtuf fi ix pie th-tdvh y Uhmhvirry ig im gcrti, jh øhfc ig mh shgbri fi _h mmi Zdistrh, qui virtdirh ecnc gug eh si`hjîh i e`c hg tis, "ig im hmjc rczc fi mh vdetcrdh vdcmhgfc mh shercshgth prcni sh qui hsiburhjhmh vdfh hm vigedfc". Vuvc Bhnh rrh ecg Uhgth Eruz ugh ohnc sh igtri vdsth ig Eù qudsheh. H`cbh-rcg hn jcs sus rig ecris y hecrfh rcg ocrnhr ugh Zipûjmdeh ecn puis th fim \irû y Jcmdvdh, fdvd-

fdfh ig tris Is thfcs, Gcrti, Eig trc y Uur, ecg im gcnjri fi Zi pûjmdeh fim \irû y ecg im phji mmõgpi ruhgc. Bhnh rrh fi jîh phshr hm Euzec y hutcrdzhr mh fiemhrhedõg fi mh dgfi pig fig edh fimIsthfc fim Eigtrc1 Uhgth Eruz si ecn prcni tîh h cjti gir im hpcyc fi Hri qudph y mh imdndghedõgfi Cr ji bcsc, hsî ecnc thn jdäg h sundgdstrhr mcs iminig tcs fi bui rrh. Uibûg mh ecrrispcgfig-edh igtri Bhnh rrh y Kcsä Kchquîg fi Nc rh (ix djdfh pcr Muds Ncg budõ ig ug istufdc riedigti),im ecnprcndsc fim ehufdmmc piruhgc ecg Uhgth Eruz irh im fi ioietuhr mh siphrhedõg fim sur ymh oifi rhedõg fim sur y Jcmdvdh.

Nue`c si `h fds eutdfc sc jri im sdbgdodehfc qui cs tig tõ is ti bis tc fi Bh nh rrh, ecncemhufdehedõg fi tcfc mc qui äm `hjîh qui rdfc ri pri sig thr hgti rdcrnig ti y fi mc qui dgtig tõri pri sig thr nès thrfi. Im ehufdmmc qui `dzc phsihr hm ikäredtc pi ruhgc ig 80:0 pcr Jc mdvdh yfi rrceõ h Uueri1 im qui si sujmivõ ecgtrh Mh Nhr ig 80:4, hm brdtc fi "Gc nès ix trhg kircs, gcnès"1 im qui pritig fdõ dgvhfdr guivhnig ti Jc mdvdh ig 80581 im qui sdrvdõ fi nu rhmmh ecgtrhmhs pritig sdcgis fi Uhg th Eruz scjri im \i rû ig tri 80:4 y 80551 im qui nès thrfi mmibõ hfi rrcthr mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh ig 8054 y pirfdõ mh vd fh ig 8068 hm dgvhfdr Jcmdvdhhphri ei, ig is ti nc nig tc fim jrhzc fi Uhgth Eruz y ecnc vhg buhrfdh fi mh dgvhsdõg jcmd-vdhgh scjri im \i rû. Yg hgtdedpc fi is th hetdtuf `h jîhg sdfc sus prc puis ths h Gditc ig Hrdeh,ig nh yc fi 8056.

Cj särvisi, sdg in jhrbc, qui fig trc fi mhs edreugsthgedhs fi hquim ncnig tc, im phetc ecgUhgth Eruz irh im ûgdec ni fdc ecg qui ecg thjh ig isi nc nig tc phrh pcfir he tuhr ig mh vdfhpcmîtdeh, ig ecgnc edõg sîsndeh, im scmc rieursc phrh qui si mi orhgquih rh im ribri sc hm suimcphtrdc. Cjsärvisi thn jdäg qui Bhnh rrh, h pishr fi tc fc (sd scg hutägtdecs mcs fceunig tcsqui pû jmdeh N.O. \hz Ucmfèg), cj tuvc im nhgti gdndig tc fi mh ecgtdgudfhf `ds tõrdeh fim \irû. Imphji mmõg rc kc y jmhg ec eujrdigfc tris Is thfcs fig trc fi mh Zipûjmdeh fim \irû, ugc fi mcs euh-mis sirîh Jcmdvdh, ³pcfrîh sir cfdcsc hgti mcs ckcs fi ug piruhgc fi vir fhf3 Ind brhfc, sc mc idgirni, Bh nh rrh mcbrõ isth scmuedõg.

\i rc, ³pcr quä ecgvdgc ig immh Uhgth Eruz3 Xudzès pcr mh dgomuigedh ecgsedigti c suj ecgs-edigti fi su ph shfc fi nd mdthr y fi bc jir ghgti pi ruhgc. Ivdfig ti nig ti, pcr mh dnpcrthgedhfi mcs iminig tcs qui ig im sur fim \irû cji fi eîhg h Bhnh rrh (dgemusdvi mhs ouirzhs fi \u gc) yhqui ig ish ri bdõg hmbughs fi mh hfi sdcgis h Uhmhvirry si `h jîhg ì e`c ig ocrnh gc ndghm ctrhgsdtcrdh1 y thnjdäg pcrqui gc `h jîh tdin pc qui pir fir. Ygh viz phshfc im Fishbuhfi rc,pcfîh ri pufdhr im phetc.

IM \HEVC CZJI BCUC-UHGVH EZY[.- Bhnh rrh mmibõ h \ugc kugtc ecg Uhg Zcnèg im :< finh yc fi 8059. Vhg brhg fi oui su prdsh, qui gc is pi rõ h qui si ocrnh mdzhrh isti trhthfc, nès

thrfi gi bhfc pcr Uhgth Eruz, pirc ecn prcjh fc pcr ugh ehrth fi su si eri thrdc, im iserdtcr is ph-øcm Kcsä Kchquîg fi Nc rh qui, ecnc si `h fd e`c, fdvumbõ \hz Ucmfèg. Vindõ, sdg fufh, Bhnh rrhugh hmivcsîh fi Uhgth Eruz, y mi priceupõ, hgti tc fc, pdshr im tirrdtcrdc piruhgc. Ygh viz hmmî, inuy pc sdjmi qui fi edfdirh gc eun pmdr sus ecnprcndscs. \cr mc nigcs, ig gdgbugh prcemhnh,gd ig gdgbûg ctrc fc eunig tc codedhm pisi h nh gdoisthr su oifi rhmdsnc, prc gugedõ im gcnjri fiUhgth Eruz. Hmbughs fi is ths prcemhnhs ouircg is erdths ig qui eùh. \i rc yh Uhgth Eruz `hjîhsdfc fis mihm ecg Bhnh rrh.

Ig su nig sh ki hm Ecgbri sc fi Udeuhgd, Crji bcsc fd kc qui äm si quifõ ecg ugcs euhgtcsbi gi rhmis y kiois y 02 viti rhgcs hm sujmivhrsi im gcrti y im sur.

Vu_C BHNHZZHECg UHgVH EZuz

ugH oHNCUHIgVZI_DUVH Ig

[email protected]@CBHZCgHNJCU UuU

ZIgECZIU THECZFHZCg

oCZNHZ ugH

ZI\ÛJMDEHECN\uIUVH FIM\IZÛ T JCMD_DH,

FD_DFDFH Ig VZIUIUVHFCU, gCZVI,

EIgVZC T UuZ,ECg IM gCNJZI

FI ZI\ÛJMDEH FIM\IZÛ T ECg IM

\HJIMMÕg\IZuHgC.



ZIEYIZFCU FI YG EHYFDMMC. Oimd pi Uhgtdh bc Uhmh virry, qudig si prc emhnõ kioi suprinc fim \i rû ig 8059, oui ugc fi mcsehufdmmcs nès ri prisig thtd vcs fim \i rû ri pujmdehgc. Fu rhgti su jri vi bcjdir gc usõ ig ri pitdfhs ceh sdcgis im ugdocrnifi bh mh, fim euhm si ecgsir vhg mhs e`hrri ti rhs (5). Isths tdigig jcr fh fhs mhs dgsdbgdhs fi nhr y tdi rrh ig odmcs fi crc. Hsd-ndsnc, si ecg sir vh im is phfîg "Gu nhg edh" (6) fi 80:< qui pir ti gi edõ h Uhmh virry fis fi su dg brisc h mhs odmhs phtrdcths igfde`c jh thmmõg. Ig 805? oui firrc thfc y mui bc igehrei mhfc pcr mhs ouirzhs fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg. Hquî pcfi ncs hpri edhr mhmmh vi fi mh prdsdõg fcg fi pir nh gi edõ `hsth hgtis fi su ou sdmhndig tc (:). Ig 8094, sus ris tcs oui rcg ix `u nh fcs y ecg suhthûf, ig vuimtc ig mh jhg fi rh qui hph ri ei ig is th pè bdgh (8), ouircg trhs mhfh fcs fis fi Hri qud ph h Mdnh.


Q8

Q: ^ Q5 Q6^









hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :8 8<6

\i rû h Uhmhvirry. T hsî äm, qui oui rh mmhnh fc "mcec", risumth, h mh mhrbh, nès euir fc qui im hstutcUhgth Eruz1 y im vigedfc y ousdmhfc `h fi rrcthfc, h trhväs fim tdinpc, h su vigei fcr.

"MH BYIZZH H NYIZVI".- Uhmhvirry prcei fdõ fi nh gi rh frèstdeh hm horcgthr mh buirrh, qui

mmhnõ "si bugfh bui rrh fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh". Ecg oie`h 2 fi kumdc fi 8059, mhgzõ su ohnc scfi eri tc fi bui rrh h nuir ti ecg trh Uhgth Eruz, su ikäredtc y euhgtcs mc huxdmdhrhg y fiemhrõ ji gi-nä rdtc fi mh phtrdh h qudig nhthrh h ug jcmdvdhgc y, hfi nès, ixig tc fim phbc fi edgec høcs fiecgtrdju edõg…³Xuä tigîh isc fi ix trhøc, sd hgtis, ig mh sdnpmi buirrh edvdm ecgtrh Crji bcsc,euägthsi qui prc ni tdõ qui "`hrîh emhrdgis ecg mhs ehgdmmhs fi sus igindbcs"3 Muibc prcei fdõvdcmigthnig ti h ri qudshr `cn jris y ri eurscs hsî ecnc mhs hrnhs fi mcs phrtdeumhris, mmhnõ h mhsodmhs h tcfcs mcs edufhfhgcs fi 89 h 6< høcs jh kc pigh fi nuir ti y hmdstõ h mcs isemhvcs (:0 fihbcstc). Ocrnõ ug ikäredtc, nhb gîodehnig ti vis tdfc, si bûg euig th ugh trhfdedõg qui ivceh, igehn jdc, mh pcjri zh fi mh äpceh1 y jdig orighfc puis tc qui mh nhycr trhgsbri sdõg irh pighfh ecgim ousdmhndig tc. Ikäredtc rèpdfhnig ti fdsedpmdghfc y, sdg in jhr bc, ig tusdhsth. Mh iseuhfrh mc hpc-yhjh, ecgfi ghgfc h Uhgth Eruz y h Crji bcsc h ugh buirrh fi oigsdvh. Ig im Ehmmhc, ehsc phrhcj ti gir ri eurscs c phrh ivdthr qui mcs ehstdmmcs ouirhg im ocec fi ri vcmuedcgis, si vig fdõ h mhhrtdmmirîh fi jrcg ei ixdstig ti hmmî1 Uhmhvirry, pcr mc finès, ti gîh im fcndgdc fim nhr. \hrh `heirehrtue`cs ouircg ig tcgeis ushfcs `hs th phpi mis fim Hre`dvc Ghedcghm. ¡Udnjõ mdec ipdscfdc!

UIGVDNDIGVCU GHEDCGHMIU T ECUVIØCU IG MH \ZC\HBHGFH ECGVZH UHGVHEZY[.- Gc scmc mh ohsedghedõg pirscghm fim ehufdmmc mdni øc ig tusdhsnh jh h sus phrtdfh rdcs._djrhjh ig immcs im sigtdndig tc ghedcghm, ìrdfc pcr mh dgvhsdõg y hedehtih fc pcr im trhfdedcghmfis fäg h mcs jcmdvdhgcs1 y thnjdäg sigtdndig tcs ri bdcghmdsths ecsti øcs, ehpdthmdgcs c gcrti øcs.

Dgbi gdcsh ixpri sdõg fi is th hetdtuf ouircg mhs mitrdmmhs fi Oimdpi \hr fc y Hmdhbh pujmdehfhs igpi rdõfdecs ivig tuhmis ecnc Im Ecec fi Uhgth Eruz , fim qui hphriedircg sids gûni rcs ig trisi tdin jri y fdedin jri fi 8059 y hm qui hecnphøhrcg ctrhs `c khs ecnc Im Ecgqudsthfcr Zdfîeumc y \hrh Nue`he`cs (8).

Ig tri mhs mitrdmmhs fi \hrfc is tuvdircg vhrdhs, riprcfu edfhs pcr im hutcr fim prisig ti mdjrc igsu cjrh kuvigdmMh Dgdedhedõg fi mh Zi pûjmdeh (Mdnh, 84:4), ig tri immhs mh sdbudigti;

Fuirni mh ehedeh, im pie`csûjdtc phvcr mh dgomhnh;in pdi zh h tinjmhr su mie`cqui is ug pimmi kc fi mmhnh. ¡Xuä¡ ³Ig ug puijmc qui mi igecndh y hfumh, im tirrcr mi htheh3 Uî; qui vi shmdr mh ncndhfi su hjui mh fi ugh ùheh

qui mmhnh gfc hm `d kc; "C`, tû―fdei hrrubhgfc mhs ei khs―³\cr quî, `cn jri, im Jcmdvdh fi khs3 ³\cr quî jcsehs mh \drû3” Ucmh mmcrh fisfde`hfh

UHMH_IZZT\ZCEIFDÕ FI

NHgIZH FZ UVDEHHM HoZCgVHZ MH

BuIZZH, quIMMHNÕ ‐UIBugFH

BuIZZH FI MHDgFI\IgFIgEDH—.ECg oIE@H 2 FI

KuMDC FI 8059,

MHgzÕ Uu oHNCUCFIEZIVC FI

BuIZZH H NuIZVIECgVZH UHgVH

EZuz, Uu IKäZEDVCT EuHgVCU MCHuxDMDHZHg T

FIEMHZÕIgINäZDVC FI MH

\HVZDH H quDIgNHVHZH H ugJCMD_DHgC T,

HFIN U, IxIgVCFIM \HBC FI

EDgEC HøCU FIECgVZDJuEDÕg (…)

(8) Istcs pirdõfdecs mcs shmvõ im hutcr fim prisigti mdjrc fis puäs fim dgeigfdc fi mh Jdjmdctieh Ghedcghm riecbdigfc sus pèbdghs e`hnus ehfhs y fds pirshs fim suimc ùni fi edfc pcr im hbuh fi mcs jcnji rcs y igvdègfc mcs h Isthfcs Ygdfcs phrh qui ouirhg risthurhfcs.



Isti pirdõfdec,rifhethfc pcr Oimdpi\hrfc y Hmdhbh, hphig Mdnh fim 82 fisitdinjri fi 8056 hm fi fdedinjri fi 8059. Imcs sids gûnircs quiiserdtcr tuvc h su ehrisphmfõ hjdirthnigtimhs heedcgis fi OimUhgtdhbc Uhmhvirrhfinès fi erdtdehrfurhnigti mhdgtirvigedõg fim prisdfigti jcmdvdhg Hgfr s fi Uhgth EruIm gcnjri fi mh pujmdehedõg, ecnc cjvdc, `heîh hmusdõisth hgdnhfvirsdõg.

IM ECEC FIUHGVH EZY


y gc fuirni mh ehedeh y mh nhgc h mh hrrubhfhni kdmmh fi ecjri hpmdeh.Gdgbûg ecgsuimc mi igshge`h,tcfc h bi ndr mh prcvceh,

y yh gc pruijh mh ehge`h ¡quä `crrcr! gd `uimi mh eceh. ¡Ohrshgti fi Jimeijû! ³Gc vis qui h tu nhfri hqui khs3 ³\cr quî, `cn jri, im Jcmdvdh fi khs3 ³\cr quî jcsehs mh \drû3

Ndrh mh pcjri si øcrhthgth fi rrcth y ehrrirhqui fim pdn pcmmc qui hfcrhocrnhg mh bmcrdh buirrirh.Isc su suirti mi hvdsh.Nès ¡pcr vdfh fim fdcs Jhec! ³Vhm hnjdedõg gc fh rdsh3 ³Xui isti Hmi khgfrc `uh ghecixtdigfh `hs th im Kuhghn jûsus hs pdrhedcgis vdi khs3 ³\cr quî, `cn jri, im Jcmdvdh fi khs3 ³\cr quî jcsehs mh \drû3 Mh dgfdh fdei; !@uhuh e`hy! im jhmhs vcs gc ti busthsfcg Uhmhvirry, hy! hy! hy! prcgtc im emhvd kh ti hkuths.Mh ecsh gc istè sigedmmc,vcs tu suirti gc ecgczec³pdigshs jhøhrmh mh E`crrdmmc pcrqui yh igtrhsti mh Eczec3 _uimvi h tu nhfri im quditû Hgfris e`h, hm rudgh ti hmi khs.³\cr quî, `cn jri, im Jcmdvdh fi khs3 ³\cr quî jcsehs mh \drû3 Dgfdh! Mmcrh tu fisfde`hDgfdh! Mmcrh mmcrc hnhrbcmmcrh shgbri, mmcrh e`de`hqui sirè im mmhgtc nès mhrbc.

Im `d kc fi mhs igtrhøhsgc ghedõ phrh buirrircVû shjis qui ig sus ehn phøhsvh phrh nc oh im heirc pigfdigti fim jdrdeû.Mmcrh sd im mmcrhr ti hmdvdh³\cr quî fi khs im Jcmdvdh3 ³\cr quî jcsehs mh \irû3 (\u jmdehfh ig Im Ecec fi Uhgth Eruz, G¼ 5)









hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :8 8<?

MH EHN\HØH FI ECJD KH.- Mh ehnphøh in pi zõ ecg ugh ispie theumhr y oubhz vdsdth hm puir-tc fi Ec jd kh, ehpturhfc pcr ugh ix pi fdedõg shmhvirrdgh ocrnh fh pcr mh ecrji th Mdjir thf , mh bcmi-th Mdni øh y mcs" Ehrhjdgi rcs fi mh buhrfdh" hm nhgfc fim ecrcgim Kcsä Xudrcbh (:6 fi si tdin jrifi 8059). Hm ribri shr isth ixpi fdedõg h \dsec, fdc mubhr h qui mh jhgfi rh jc mdvdhgh ouirh hrrhstrh-fh ig ugh ei rinc gdh scmingi, ig im ehnphnig tc fi Uhmhvirry (? fi ce tujri). Ish ndsnh jhg-

fi rh oui muibc fi shbrhvdhfh, fi heuir fc ecg ug fi eri tc fi Cr ji bcsc y fi vuimth ig Mdnh ecgripdqui fi ehn phghs, shmvhs fi hrtdmmirîh y hecnphøhndig tc codedhm (:9 fi igirc fi 805?).Ig mh dnpcrthgti ri mhedõg fim vdh ki fim jhrec orhgeäs Mh Jcgdti iserdth pcr H. fi mh Uhmmi si

ribdstrhg mcs ioietcs fi mh ceuphedõg fi Ecjd kh pcr mhs ouirzhs fi Xudrcbh. Vcfcs mcs isthjmied-ndig tcs fi Bc jdirgc, mh hfuhgh, mcs euhrti mis, mhs jhti rîhs quifhrcg fis trudfcs1 pirc mhs ehshsphrtdeumhris pir nh gi edircg dgtheths. Im tincr fi qui thg oè edm ixpi fdedõg pufdirh ripi tdrsi phrh-mdzõ pcr ug tdinpc mcs gibcedcs fim puirtc, vdgeumhfcs ig tcgeis h mh ixpmcthedõg fim ecjri.

MH EHN\HØH FIM EIGVZC T IM H_HGEI FI UHMH _IZZT H HZIXYD\H.- Fis puäs ficrbhgdzhr su ikäredtc, Uhmhvirry si sdtuõ ig Deh y hnighzõ ecrthr mh mîgih fi ec nu gdehedcgis fi Uhg-th Eruz ecg Jcmdvdh sd hvhgzhjh sc jri Khu kh. Vrcphs suyhs ig im eigtrc gc mcbrhrcg im cj kitdvc fisiphrhr h mhs trcphs fim prisdfigti jc mdvdhgc. \cr su phrti, isti qui rîh fis bhsthr h Uhmhvirry ecg dfhsy vigdfhs pcr mhs sirrhgîhs y `heirmi pirfir mh vigth kh fim nhr, htrhyägfc mc `hedh im dgti rdcr, prceu-rhgfc, hm ndsnc tdin pc, hvhgzhr `hedh im gcrti. Nc règ, kioi shgtheruedgc, ecg trcphs piruhghs ocr-nh fhs pcr mhs qui igvdhrh Crji bcsc i dgerinig thfhs pcr bhnh rrdsths ehpturhfcs ig Thghece`h,ig trhrcg ig ecg thetc ecg Uhmhvirry. Nifdhgti su heedõg fdmhtcrdh, Ncrèg mcbrõ jurmhr mhs tigthtdvhsfi ig vcmvdndig tc. Fdcsi euig th Uhmhvirry, hm odg, fi qui istcs ecn jh tis ipdsõfdecs (qui mmibhrcg`hsth im rîc \hnphs), gc mi hehrrihjhg prc vie`c y hjhg fc gõ mh ehnphøh fim eigtrc.

Muibc, ecg ug nc vdndig tc fi is trhti bdh qui Uhgth Eruz ecnphrõ hm fi Isedpdõg, ig mhs buirrhspûgdehs, `hedigfc usc fi su fc ndgdc fim nhr, si in jhreõ im ehufdmmc piruhgc ecg phrti fi su ikär-edtc y hphriedõ ig mh rithbuhrfdh fi Uhgth Eruz ecg im odg fi ecrthr mcs eigtrcs fi hprc vdsdcghndig tcfi Jc mdvdh. Hvhgzõ, pcr isc, h Hriqudph, ecg mc qui ixpmctõ hm nèxdnc mh mdjir thf fi nc vdndig tcsqui mh iseuhfrh mi `hjîh pir ndtdfc. \i rc, sih h ehush fi mcs eupcs y ctrhs ni fdfhs fi ouir zh qui igrimhedõg ecg mh buirrh dnpusc, sih pcrqui ig im puijmc fi Hriqudph irh ig tcgeis pc pumhr mh dfihfi mh ugdõg ecg Jc mdvdh igecgtrõ mh ivdfig ti `cs tdmdfhf fim viedgfhrdc y `ujc fi ivh euhr h pcec ishedufhf. Uhgth Eruz y Crji bcsc hecrfhrcg qui im prdni rc ouisi ecg trh Uhmhvirry ecg su ikäredtc yqui im sibugfc nhr e`hrh h ceuphr Mdnh ecg mhs ouirzhs piruhghs euyh vhgbuhrfdh nhgfhjh Nc règ.

MCU ECGUI KCU FI BCJDIZGC T IM GIBZC MIÕG IUECJHZ IG MDNH. ³UI UIGVÕMIÕG IUECJHZ IG IM UDMMÕG \ZIUDFIGEDHM3.- Uhmhvirry gcn jrõ suei sdvcs ecgsi kcs fiBcjdirgc. \rdni rc, im qui prisdfdõ Bhnh rrh, euyh _dei pri sdfig edh ecrrispcgfîh hm bigi rhm KuhgKcsä Uhmhs, qudig mmibõ h hsundr im pcfir su pri nc pcr fi eri tc ixpi fdfc pcr im ehufdmmc ghedcghmig Ji mmhvdsth (8: fi si tdin jri fi 8059). Muibc, ig \dsec, gcn jrõ ug si bugfc Ecg si kc fi

Bcjdirgc ecn puis tc scjri tc fc pcr pir scghmdfhfis edvdmis; fcg Kuhg J. fi Mhvhmmi, fcg NhguimOirriyrcs, fcg Kcsä N. Mdzhrzhju ru, fcg Kchquîg Hrrisi (8< fi ce tujri fi 8059). Hm inprig firim kioi supri nc mh ehnphøh fi edsdvh ig im sur, ndigtrhs mcs ncgtcgi rcs pumumhjhg ig mcs hmri fi-fc ris fi mh ehpdthm y hm hvhgzhr mhs trcphs fi Cr ji bcsc, mh ehpdthm quifõ h nir eif fi ugcs y ctrhs,puis si mmivõ `hsth mcs `cnjris ig ehrbhfcs fi mh pcmdeîh.

Mdnh vdvdõ igtcgeis `c rhs fi hgbustdh qui istuvdircg ig tri mhs picris qui su ordõ jh kc mhhghrquîh furhgti im sdbmc PDP. Mhs fipri fhedcgis fi mcs ncg tcgi rcs `hjîhg hti rrcrdzhfc h mhehpdthm fisfi nhr zc fi 8059. Im :9 fi isi nis im ehji edmmh Miõg Isecjhr (h qudig is priedsc gcecgougfdr ecg ctrc ohsedgi rcsc mmhnh fc \i frc Miõg) qudtõ sus ehjhmbhfu rhs y sus vistdfcs, eir eh

FuZHgVI MHgCE@I FIM :2 FIFDEDINJZI @uJC

ZCJC TFIUÕZFIgIU Ig

MCU \CZVHMIU FIMH \MHzH FI

HZNHU. IM :0IgVZÕ H MDNH IM

NCgVCgIZC

MIÕg IUECJHZHECN\HøHFC

\CZ UuUUIEuHEIU. UI\ZCFuKIZCg

UHquICU THMBugHUNuIZVIU.



sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


fi mh hedigfh _dmmh, hm eõgsum dgbmäs Jimocrf @dgtcg Rdmscg, hm vdzecgfi Iu bi gdc fi Uhrtdbis, hutcrfi ug kubcsc rimhtc scjri is th äpceh y h ug mcrf dgbmäs qui `hjîh mmibhfc hm \irû ecnc buhr fdh-nh rdgh. Th hg sdfc nig edcghfcs mcs fieri tcs fi Ju khgfh y fi Uhmhvirry ecgtrh mcs nhmì e`c ris.

Fis puäs fi qui si hu sig tõ fi Mdnh im ehufdmmc ghedcghm, im Ecgsi kc fi Bcjdirgc, urbdfc pcrmh zczcjrh ridghgti, ctcr bõ im pirndsc scmdedthfc ph rh qui fi sin jhrehrh mh nhrdgi rîh fi mcs

ju quis fi bui rrh dgbmisis, orhgei sis y gcrtih ni rdehgcs (8? fi fdedin jri). Hgti mh hprcxdnh-edõg fi mhs trcphs crji bcsdsths, im ecrcgim Hgtcgdc fim Ucmhr, ecnhg fhg ti fi ughs pc ehs ouirzhsshmhvirrdghs, si phrhpi tõ ecg immhs ig im Ehmmhc y crfi gõ qui mcs inpmihfcs mc sdbudirhg (:2 fifdedin jri). Im ndsnc fîh, im Ecgsi kc fi Bcjdirgc (euyh hetuhedõg fi pcec nès fi si tig th fîhs`hjîhsi si øhmhfc pcr dgedfig tis ecg mcs kiois ndmdthris) fdc ug eurdcsc fi eri tc ni fdhgti im euhmsuspig fdõ im ikirededc fi sus prcpdhs ougedcgis pcr ecg sdfi rhr qui im kioi suprinc isthjh`hedigfc usc fi su hu tcrdfhf ig im sur, qui mcs fiphrthnig tcs fim gcrti `h jîhg sdfc ceu phfcspcr ouirzhs igi ndbhs, qui mh ehpdthm djh h ehir prcgtc ig pc fir fi immhs y qui im Bcjdirgc ti gîhpceh ixtig sdõg fi ti rrdtcrdc fcgfi pc fir he tuhr ecg prcvie`c ph rh mh ghedõg.

Furhgti mh gceì fim :2 fi fd edin jri ù jc rc jc y fi sõrfi gis ig mcs pcrthmis fi mh \mhzh fiHrnhs. Im :0 igtrõ h Mdnh im ncgtcgi rc Miõg Isecjhr hecn phøhfc pcr sus si euheis. Ui prcfu- kircg shquics y hmbughs nuir tis. Im :4 mmibõ ctrh ncg tcgi rh prcvigdigti fi @uhrce`drî igehji-zhfh pcr im dgfdc _dvhs. Miõg Isecjhr, ig tri ctrhs oie`c rîhs, `dzc ug rcjc fi ecg sdfi rhedõg ig imfc ndedmdc fim hrzcjdspc Kcrbi Ji ghvigti y, si bûg im bigi rhm Orhgedsec fi _dfhm ig sus ninc rdhs,dgtdnõ h mcs ndinjrcs fi mh Nugdedphmdfhf ph rh qui fi sceuphsig mcs hsdigtcs, puis mcs ncgtc-gi rcs fi jîhg ceuphrmcs. Im 5< fi fdedin jri, mmhnh fc pcr im Ecgsi kc, mmibõ is ti kioi ecg sus trcphs,`dzc mmhnhr h Miõg Isecjhr, qui ig hph rdigedh, irh su ecrrimdbdcghrdc pcmîtdec y crfi gõ su dgni fdh-tc ousdmhndig tc. Fdiz ndm pirscghs hbcmphfhs ig mh \mhzh fi Hrnhs is eue`hrcg mhs fitcghedcgis.

Mhs ninc rdhs fi _dfhm hemhrhg isti ipdscfdc, qui ugh nuy ecgcedfh trhfdedõg fi Zdehrfc\hmnh hfumti rõ.

MDNH T EHMMHC \CZ CZJI BCUC.- Im ? fi igi rc fi 805? im puijmc fi Mdnh, hm nhgfc fi_dfhm, ceuphgfc mhs nurhmmhs fi mh edufhf, ri e`hzõ h Ucmhr qui hjîh hvhgzhfc sc jri mh ehpdthm. Ucmceuhgfc mmibc mh fdvdsdõg qui Crji bcsc ig ehji zhjh, pufc ris pdrhr ecg siburdfhf mh ctrcrh igbriî-fh ni trõpcmd vdrridghm. Fispuäs fi mc qui hehjh jh fi ceu rrdr y fi mc qui `hjîh mcbrhfc ivdthrsi,Mdnh ri edjdõ h Crji bcsc ecnc ug trdugohfcr (0 fi igi rc). \cr tir ei rh viz mc hemhnh jh ig is thocrnh, sdg `hjir Cr ji bcsc ecn jh tdfc. Im Ehmmhc, euyh buhrgdedõg `hjîh dgtig thfc hvhgzhr scjriMdnh fcs vi eis, oui ehpturhfc pc ec fis puäs (im 84 fi igirc oui rigfdfc im Ehstdmmc fim Ucm y im :8ehpdtumõ im fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh). Jhrecs qui mcbrhrcg hrnhr si hpri surhfhnig ti ig E`c rrdmmcs kug-tc ecg hmbugcs jc tis y mhge`hs qui `h jîhg pc fdfc ix trhirsi hgtis fi mh rhfh fim Ehmmhc, pufdircg,hm tdinpc fi is ths cpi rhedcgis, hfui øhrsi fi mcs juquis qui is thjhg hgemhfcs. Mh ohndmdh fiUhmhvirry si ri tdrõ h ugh orhbhth orhgei sh fi fcg fi ph sõ h E`dmi. \cecs fîhs fis puäs mmibõ hm Ehmmhcim jirbhgtîgEcgbrisc hecn phøhfc fi ug ju qui fi trhgs pcrti ecg ri emuths fi Hri qudph qui oui-rcg hprishfcs. Crji bcsc phedodeõ muibc oèedmnig ti im gcrti. H odgis fi igi rc fi 805? Uhmhvirry gc

ti gîh jh kc su pcfir nès ti rrdtcrdc qui im qui ceuphjh su ikäredtc y mcs jhrecs fi mh iseuhfrh.

YE@YNH TC.- Uhmhvirry hjîh dgtig thfc nhg fhr ugh ixpi fdedõg h Dqudqui phrh hvhgzhr pcr tdirrhh Jcmdvdh y hpcyhr euhmqudir dgtig tc suj virsdvc ecgtrh Uhgth Eruz1 pirc risumtõ qui im kioi igehrbh-fc fi eun pmdr isti pmhg mc igecgtrõ dnprhetdehjmi. Fuiøc fi Hri qudph, ouircg dgei shgtis susfi nhg fhs fi `cn jris, hrnhs, ncg turhs, iqudpc, bhghfc y fdgi rc. Hfinès si gi bõ h qui ouirhecgvcehfc ug ehjdmfc hjdir tc. Ig mhs houirhs fi mh edufhf, sus trcphs istuvdircg tdrctièg fc si vhrdcsfîhs ecg fis thehnig tcs igi ndbcs. \ric eupõ, hfi nès, ig tcgeis hm ehufdmmc mh dfih ghedcghm y su

oIJZI805?Qpirû

IM EHuFDMMC UHgVDHBCUHMH_IZZT UIHVZDgE@IZH IgMCEHMDFHF FIuE@uNHTC, IgHZIquD\H. H \IUHFI UIZ HUIFDHFFIUFI FCU

oZIgVIU, \CZ MHouIZzHUJCMD_DHgHU FBIgIZHMIUJHMMD_D g T UEZuz, MCBZÕ UH_DEVCZDCUC HCZFIgHZ H UuIKäZEDVC HVH

\CZ MHZIVHBuHZFDH.

6









hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :8 8<0

sierithrdc Hgfräs Nhrtîgiz is erdjdõ ugh ehrth h Crji bcsc qui äm suserdjdõ im :: fi igi rc fi 805?,phrh ixpri shr mhs rhzcgis pcr mhs qui si fijîh ri pufdhr phtrdõtdehnig ti h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg y ecg mhscmingi prc ni sh fi sir vdr h mh õrfi gis fim prisdfigti mibîtdnc sd isti si fi edfîh h ecn jh tdr mhdgvhsdõg jcmdvdhgh. Isth ndsdvh siburhnig ti gc mmibõ khnès h pc fir fim fis tdghthrdc1 pirc ecgstdtu-yi hehsc im fceunig tc nès imceuig ti ig mh prcoush mdti rhturh hfvirsh h mh dmusdõg ecgoifi rhm.

Uhgth Eruz, ig thgtc, ecgeig trhjh trc phs phrh hthehr h su hfvirshrdc. Im 5< fi igirc ig trõ igHriqudph. Hm nhgfc fi mh vhgbuhrfdh jcmdvdhgh, Jhmmdvdèg, `cnjri dmustri pc ec fis puäs ig mh `ds-tcrdh fi su phîs, dgtig tõ phshr im puigti fi Yeù nh yc y gc mc mcbrõ (6 fi oijri rc fi 805?). Oui-rcg tris mcs igeuig trcs fi isi fîh, vde tcrdcscs tcfcs ph rh mcs piruhgcs. Uhmhvirry nhg fõ oimdedthrh Jhmmdvdèg pcr su figui fc y `hs th fîei si qui mi fdc ug brhfc ig su ikäredtc. Im äxdtc ig vhmigtcgõh Uhmhvirry y h mcs suycs.

"IM HVHXYI FI YE@YNH TC", UÎNJCMC GHEDCGHM.- @hjîh ghedfc yh ig is ti ikäredtcugh nhre`h ig tusdhsth y vdrdm, ecnc irhg äm y su ehufdmmc, y si mi mmhnh jh mh "shmhvirrdgh". Fispuäsfi mh vdetcrdh, tcnõ im gcn jri fi "Hth qui fi Yeù nh yc". Hûg vdvi ig im \i rû im "Hthqui fiYeù nh yc". Udg gdgbûg nhg fhtc codedhm, pcr heedõg ispcgtègih y hgõgdnh, sus nhr edhmis hecr-fis hecn phøhrcg hm puijmc, `hsth ig mhs hmfihs, ig sus `c rhs fi kcmbcrdc. T ig virfhf is ìr nc-sh isth nû sdeh thg prcougfhnig ti erdcmmh. Ucmc emhrdgis y thn jc ris mh tcehg. Emhrdgis y thn jc risqui phrieig in jrdhbhrsi ecg immh, ecnc mcs scmfhfcs qui mh igbig frhrcg si in jrdhbhjhg ecghbuhrfdigti niz emhfc ecg põmvcrh hgtis fi ig trhr hm ecnjh ti. Vrhs fi sus kujdmcshs mmhnh fhs fifdhgh, si ecmunjrhg hurcrhs. Is mh buirrh ecg scmc jhycgi ths y isphfhs, mh buirrh ispie theumhrecnc ug fis odmi. Ig immh istèg mh dnprcvdshedõg, im igtusdhsnc jri vi, im hrrijh tc fi mh ispi rhgzh.Ctrh nhre`h mh ecnpminig th; mh "Nhre`h Nc règ". Mh "Nhre`h Nc règ" ghedõ nue`cs høcs nèsthrfi, euhg fc ig 8096 ug jrh vc viti rhgc fi mh dgfi pig fig edh oui ousdmhfc dgdeuhnig ti, ig mhshøh fi ugh bui rrh edvdm. Vhnjdäg is nuy pc pumhr ig im \irû mh "Nhre`h Nc règ". Igehrgh immh im`c ni gh ki thrfîc, im dgûtdm rispi tc põstunc, mh pcstir bhedõg fim juigc y fim hptc, mh trdsti zh fiis th Zipûjmdeh htcmcgfrhfh. Ig rih mdfhf, mh "Nhre`h Nc règ" phriei ecn pmithr y rispcgfir hm"Hthqui fi Yeù nh yc" y h su jimmh pirc vhgh ispi rhgzh. Mc ni kcr fi mh `dstcrdh piruhgh ig mhhgti rdcr irh ripujmdehgh pui fi sir ivc ehfc ecg ugh u ctrh c ecg hn jhs nû sdehs.

UCEHJH TH.- Fis puäs fim ecnjh ti fi Yeù nh yc y euhgfc su nh jhg yh :: `c rhs fi ouibc,Uhgth Eruz mivhgtõ im ehnpõ. Euigth im `dstcrdhfcr Jdmjhc qui, dgsthfc h hthehr euhgfc im igi-ndbc si ri tdrhjh, Uhmhvirry ecgtis tõ; "Gc is bmcrdcsc hm ikäredtc pi ruhgc ecgsi budr ug trdugocscjri ouir zhs nc rhmdzhfc rhs1 ispi rincs jh tdrmhs ig heedõg ocrnhm". Mh ecgtrhnhr e`h fi UhgthEruz irh phrh htrhir h Uhmhvirry ouirh fi sus htrdgeì rhndig tcs. Hvhgzõ, ig ioietc, Uhmhvirry, y, hpcec, fi edfdõ fcndghr h Uhgth Eruz, ceuphgfc mcs hmtcs fi \hu ehrphth, dgni kcrhjmi pcsdedõgis trhtäbdeh. \hrh isti hvhgei ti ni rhrdc giei sdthjh fis odmhr fimhgti fi Uhg th Eruz1 y pcr isc, tcnõpri ehuedcgis phrh gc sir hfvirtdfc, puis isti pc fîh nhr e`hr ig mîgih rie th `heîh su cj kitdvc

ndig trhs im piruhgc gi ei sdthjh `h eir ug si ndeîreumc ig su firrcti rc.Ig ug hnh gi eir fc rhfc, sdg in jhrbc, ugh ùndmfi nu kir fi mh ehnpdøh fi Hri qudph, sipri sig tõ, khfihg ti y si ndfis gufh, ig im ehnphnig tc fi Uhgth Eruz, h hfvirtdrmi qui Uhmhvirrymmibhjh. @hjîh mmcvdfc fu rhgti mh gceì hg ti rdcr y Uhmhvirry gc oui fis pir thfc ec nc mc `hjîhfdspuis tc phrh hvhgzhr ig mh cseurdfhf, pcr mc euhm inpi zõ mh nhre`h scmc hm hemh rhr im fîh. Zfhnig ti bhgõ Uhgth Eruz ecg sus trcphs, mcs hmtcs fi \hu ehrphth. Ig thgtc im kcvig bi gi rhmpi ruhgc, pcr mh rèpdfiz fi su eh rrirh, fi kõ hthsehfh h su hrtdmmirîh ig ugh mhfi rh fi su jdfh dgsig-sdjmi, pirc, pifri bcsh1 y ug sietcr fi su dgohgti rîh si fdspir sõ hm eruzhr ughs zhg khs, thpdhs ysi nig ti rhs, rcnpdigfc mh ocrnh edõg "fi ecfc h ec fc", qui ig tcgeis si hecs tun jrh jh. Vhnjdäg

VZHU MH _DEVCZDH FIuE@uNHTC,UHMH_IZZT NHZE@Õ

H HVHEHZ H UHgVHEZuz, \IZC IM

IKäZEDVC IgINDBCUI MIU @HJîH

HFIMHgVHFC T MCUHVHEÕ Ig UCEHJHTH

(HZIquD\H). MCU\IZuHgCU\IZFDIZCg MH NDVHF

FI UuU ouIZzHU.UHMH_IZZT ouI

EH\VuZHFC TECgFuEDFC H

HZIquD\H \HZH ug KuDEDC. ouI

UIgVIgEDHFC HNuIZVI IM 80 FI

oIJZIZC.

2oIJZIZC805?

Qpirû ^



sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


dnpcsdjdmdfhf fi vdg fdehrsi h thg mhrbh fdsthgedh fi sus phpi mis kustdodehtdvcs. "Ni ritdrä fis puäsy ì sdfc ecg fi ghfc".

Uhgth Eruz iserdjdõ h Crji bcsc ugh ehrth im ndsnc fîh qui odrnõ mh sigtig edh, phrh fi edrmiqui mcs ehufdmmcs irhg eumphjmis fim pirnh gig ti is thfc fi hbd thedõg1 qui im ehstdbc ikin pmhrirh gi ei shrdc y qui ndigtrhs nès hmtcs ouisig mcs pirscgh kis, ni gcs dgfumbig edh nirieîhg.

Ecdgedfîh ecg im tixtc fi mh sigtig edh, ig mh qui si mii mh sdbudigti orhsi; "Mh dnpugdfhf fi mcsfi mdgeuig tis fi ri ji mdõg `h ocnig thfc mh pirpi trhedõg fi is ti fi mdtc".

MCU ÛMVDNCU FCEYNIGVCU FI UHMH _IZZT.- Im 80 fi oijri rc fi 805?, h mhs edg ec yni fdh fi mh thrfi, si rih mdzhrcg mcs ousdmhndig tcs ig mh \mhzh fi Hrnhs fi Hri qudph. Ig ehpdmmh,Uhmhvirry rifhetõ ugh vdrdm prctis th. "\rctis tc hgti nds ecn phtrdcths, hgti mh Hnärdeh, hgti mh`dstcrdh y mh pcsti rdfhf nès ri nc th, fim `crrcrcsc hsisdghtc qui si ec ni ti ecg ndbc"…"\iruh-gcs, hni rdehgcs, `cn jris tc fcs fim ugdvirsc, vif hquî mh jèrjh rh ecgfue th fim ecgqudsthfcrecg ug pi ruhgc qui gc `h ec ni tdfc fi mdtcs, qui gc `h ti gdfc ctrh hn jdedõg qui mh oimdedfhf ymh bmcrdh fi mh phtrdh". @dzc tis thnig tc fi emhrhgfc qui eh rieîh fi jdi gis rhîeis, qui si mi fi jîhsus suimfcs y qui ti gîh heriifc ris. ¡T isti `cn jri `h jîh sdfc fdethfcr fim \i rû! Ui fispdfdõ fisu ispcsh ig fcs ehrths qui fi jdi rcg dgecrpcrhrsi h mhs hgtcmcbîhs fi mh mdti rhturh rcnèg tdeh`dsphgchni rdehgh. Ig mh ûmtdnh, is erdth fcs `c rhs hgtis fi nc rdr, fdei; "Vi ì qui rdfc euhg tc sipui fi qui rir y mmivc h mh itirgdfhf ug pi shr prcougfc fi gc `h jir ti ì e`c oimdz. \rioirî im jdigfi nd ph trdh hm fi nd ohndmdh, y hm ehjc gc ni `hg pir ndtdfc `h eir gd ugc gd ctrc". ¡\htätdehs yji mmhs phmhjrhs! Immhs ecnprig fîhg tcfh mh trhbi fdh fi mh pcmîtdeh piruhgh.

MCU OYUDMHNDIGVCU.- Im fcetcr Hrturc _dmmibhs Zcni rc ig su ti sds Hpugtis fi ug fi eigdc fimh `dstcrdh fi mh Zi pûjmdeh 805<-806< prisig thfh ig mh Oheumthf fi Mi trhs fi Hriqudph y qui ouiug hpcrti trug ehfc puis ohmmiedõ ecnc ug `ä rci, nuy kcvig, ig mhs kcrghfhs hriqudpi øhs fi849<, ecnpig fdõ mh ghrrhedõg fi mcs ousdmhndig tcs pujmdehfh pcr Kuhg Buhmjir tc _hmfdvdh. Mc`dzc fi mh sdbudigti nh gi rh; "Ecnc yh is thjh fi tir ndghfc qui mh nuirti si rîh mh pigh fi mcsvigedfcs, si ph bõ hm nhistrc pdgtcr \i frc [i bhrrh pcr ce`c sdmmiths jmhgehs qui si mi tcnh rcgphrh jhgqudmmcs fi mcs rics. Mcs hsdigtcs ouircg ecmcehfcs fis fi mh pdmh `hedh im \crthm fi Omcris,fhg fc mh is phmfh h mh Ehti frhm. Ygh igcrni num tdtuf si `h jîh ecgbri bhfc ig mh \mhzh Nhycr…Euhgfc tc fc is tuvc fdspuis tc, si fdc mh crfig fi qui sh mdirhg mcs rics fi su prdsdõg y qui ouirhgecgfu edfcs hm mubhr fim supmdedc. Oirghgfdgd, euhgfc mmibõ hm mubhr fis tdghfc ph rh isti, si `h mmõecg Uhmhvirry qui ceuphjh mh prdni rh sdmmh y quifõ phrhfc, ecg ehph, ndrhgfc h Uhmhvirry. Mcsfi nès ph shrcg y fi immcs Ncyh oui h tcnhr mh ûmtdnh sdmmh prõxdnh hm \crthm Guivc. Ncyh oui imnès si rigc fi tc fcs. \h rh sigthrsi ri ecbdõ mh mivdth `hedh fimhgti, pusc mh pdirgh fi rie`h scjrimh dzqudirfh y mhs nhgcs ig mhs ohmtrdqui rhs mhti rhmis fim phgthmõg y ndrõ ecg brhvifhf y sdg hoie-thedõg `hedh vhrdhs phrtis. Ecg ni gcs si rigdfhf, tc nh rcg hsdigtc ig si budfh fi Nc yh, mcs ecrc-gi mis \dechbh y Ucmhr. Xudigis mmcrhjhg `dgehfcs hm pdi fi mcs sheir fc tis qui mcs riecgedmdhjhg

ouircg Eèrfi ghs, _hmfdvdh y Ehrrdmmc. Uhmhvirry si ri ecgedmdõ sigthfc y ecg bc rrh qui si qudtõ hmphshr ug sheir fc ti ecg im eruedod kc y si mh vcmvdõ h pcgir"."Mh mîgih fi td rhfc ris, ecnc h sids phscs fi fds thgedh fi mcs rics, ndrhjh `h edh immcs, fi khgfc

dgtir pcgir si h nu e`cs sheirfc tis qui hu xdmdhjhg. Oirghgfdgd, ecgtdguõ phrhfc `h edh mh firie`hfi Uhmhvirry y `hedh mh dzqudirfh fi mcs tdrhfc ris y, pcr ecgsdbudigti, phri eîh nès ug ispie thfcr.H su mhfc dzqudirfc si mi heireõ im siøcr bcjir ghfcr iemisdèstdec y h su firie`h im buhrfdèg fimh Ziecmith. Ecnc mcs finès rics si `h jîhg yh sigthfc, si `d zc mh siøhm pcr sir mh `crh (edgec yni fdh fi mh thrfi ig pug tc). Mcs tdrhfc ris fi mh firi e`h fis ehrbhrcg prdni rc y mcs fi mh dzqudir-fh fis puäs pcr mh dgtir pcsdedõg fi thgtcs sheirfc tis qui gc si hmi khrcg h tdinpc. Ehyircg

Ig MH ÛMVDQEHZVH^ IUFCU @CZHUHgVIU FINCZDZ, FDEQUHMH_IZZ@I quIZDFCEuHgVC UI\uIFI quIZIZT MMI_C H M

IVIZgDFHF u\IUHZ\ZCougFC FIgC @HJIZVI@IE@C oIM\ZIoIZî IM JDFI ND \HVZDFI ND oHNDT HM EHJC gNI @Hg\IZNDVDFC@HEIZ gD ugD CVZC'.









hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :8 88:

UI DgHuBuZH IMHZEC FIM VZDugoCFI \HZîU, oZHgEDH.IUVI NCguNIgVC

IN\IzÕ HECgUVZuDZUI Ig

80<? \CZ ÕZFIgIUFIM IgVCgEIU

IN\IZHFCZ

gH\CMIÕgJCgH\HZVI. IMIgCZNI

NCguNIgVCZI\ZIUIgVH MH

BMCZDH FIM IKäZEDVCoZHgEäU Ig EHN\CU

IxVZHgKIZCU T MHugDFHF gHEDCgHM.

:< KuMDC805?

Q orhgeDh ^

tcfcs y qui fõ Uhmhvirry qui si ph rõ y ecrrdõ hmbugcs phscs fi très fi mh sd mmith y vcmvdõ h `heirmh siøhm ecg mh nhgc phrh qui gc mi tdrhsig fdedigfc ecg vcz brui sh "mh miy ni hnphrh". Fis-ehrbhrcg, sdg injhrbc, mcs scmfhfcs, y ehyõ nuir tc".

_dmmibhs Zcni rc ghrrh h ecgtdguhedõg eõnc is ehpõ Oirghgfdgd `hedh im pcrthm fi Uhg Hbus-tîg y eõnc oui ec bdfc pcr ug phdshgc y muibc nuir tc pcr mcs scmfhfcs.

Ui `h fde`c qui Uhmhvirry ix`cr tõ hm pimctõg fi ousdmhndig tc hgtis fi qui fds phrhsi y quimh prdni rh fis ehrbh oui hm hdri, sdg ìrdrmc1 pirc muibc (sibûg is th virsdõg) ug scmfhfc mc nhtõy vdgc ig si budfh mh sibugfh fis ehrbh h quinh rrcph.

Jdmjhc hodrnh qui mhs ûmtdnhs phmhjrhs fi Uhmhvirry ouircg; "Ucmfhfcs, ³gc ni ec gceäds…3³Xuä…gc shjäds h qudäg ousdmèds3".

Ud ixemhnõ; "Mh miy ni hnphrh", ³quä sdbgdodeõ ish orhsi3 \rc jh jminig ti gc scmc dgtig tõixpmdehr qui mh pigh isthjh eun pmdfh fi heuir fc ecg mhs crfi ghgzhs ndmdthris. Hehsc ixdstîh igis ths phmhjrhs ugh hmusdõg h mh ocrnh ecnc si `h jîh susthgedhfc im kudedc ig su ecgtrh y h mcstärndgcs y im ispîrdtu fi mh sigtig edh qui mc hjîh ecg fi ghfc. Ud immc oui hsî, rhtdodeõ virjhmnig-ti, ig im dgsthgti ndsnc fi nc rdr ecg figui fc y hmtdviz, mh prctis th qui `h jîh ì e`c pcr is erd-tc euhgfc is thjh ig eh pdmmh.

Hquim fîh vdstdõ Uhmhvirry ehsheh hzum, sigedmmh, fi phøc, ecg im euimmc eimisti1 y su ugdocrniecg nc rrdõg crfdghrdc, irh im fi ug scmfhfc pi ruhgc.

Euhgfc ig tri bõ su hmnh h Fdcs oui siburhnig ti ec nc sd fi vcmvdirh ug hrnh.Mh vdfh is hsî. Fispdirth ig im `cn jri mhs nès ispmägfdfhs dmusdcgis, mi hjri mh pirspie tdvh

phrh im ikirededc fi sus ni kcris hptdtufis. Im `cn jri si mhgzh h mh hvigturh, si sdigti ehphz fitcfc, ec rri trhs fi mh ohnh, im `cgcr c im pmheir1 pirc mh vdfh si mcs gdibh y mc hjhgfc gh ig euhm-qudir igerued khfh.

Ig ug hrtîeumc pujmdehfc ig Im Ecnir edc im :4 fi cetujri fi 8092, Vc rdjdc \heì ec trhtõ fiecgtrhfi edr mh virsdõg ohvcrhjmi h Uhmhvirry qui fdougfdõ Nhguim Jdmjhc ig su ig tusdhsth jdc-brhoîh fim ehufdmmc. \heì ec gi bõ qui Uhmhvirry igehrghrh h ugh guivh bigi rhedõg pcrquipir ti gi eîh h mh ndsnh qui `h jîh hetuhfc tur ju migthnig ti fis fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh1 eigsurõqui dgvcehrh h mh mdjir thf euhgfc irdbdõ ug rîbdfc fis pctdsnc y qui `d edisi prc ni shs fi ri ocr-nh ig thg tc qui mh riocrnh sus thgedhm tigîh qui ì rdr h mh hrjdtrhrdifhf nd mdthr1 y riecrfõ qui imhgugedõ fi mh ecgvcehtcrdh h ugh Hshnjmih Ghedcghm ìe`h h ecndig zcs fi 8059 vi gîh h prc-fu edrsi euhgfc djhg h ti gir mubhr mhs imieedcgis hm hnphrc fi mh guivh Ecgstdtuedõg. Im brhg kurdsth, qui hsî pritig fdõ tcnhr ugh dgtrhgsdbig ti hetdtuf erîtdeh (ig mh äpceh ig qui hecn ph-øhjh h ctrc ehufdmmc ndmdthr, _dvhgec, ig su ûmtdnh y eruig th hvigturh mivhgtdseh) fis ecgcedõ, mcqui, h pi shr fi is th gibhtdvh, tuvc Uhmhvirry fi sdgei rh dmusdõg ribi gi rhfc rh. \i rc hug euhgfcig im dgsthgti fi su prc gugedhndig tc ig im Ehmmhc ùjdi rh pcfdfc Uhmhvirry hphri eir ecncctrc ehsc nès pri ecz y pcr mc thgtc nès ix trhcrfdghrdc fi dnphedigedh ig mh hnjdedõg, muibcsu mue`h ig gcn jri fi mh ghedcghmdfhf hf qudrdõ ug sdbgdodehfc fdstdgtc. Ud jdig hgtis, ig 80:5,ig 80:2, y ig 80:4, inir bdircg nc nig tcs fi ixhmthedõg piruhgh origti hm ixtrhg kirc, Uhmhvirrymmivõ isth nîstdeh ghedcghm h ugh tigsdõg nèxdnh. Ygdfh ig äm fde`h nîs tdeh h ugh hetdtuf fidnpi rdcsh hrrcbhgedh y fi pirig gi coig sdvh, rivimõ hfinès, ecg su igir bîh, h vieis dnpmhehjmi

y ecg sus fi eri tcs dgspdrhfcs ecgs thgti nig ti ig ug pu rdthgc fi sic fi jdig pû jmdec qui ughoijmi ixpi rdigedh vuimvi rhrh igtri gc sctrcs, mh hspdrhedõg, h vieis ecg trhfdetcrdh pirc bi gi rc-sh, `hedh ug \irû brhgfi, ecg hmnh nd mdthr y ndmdthgti, nu e`hs vi eis cmvdfhfh c hfcr ni edfh.

MH _YIMVH FI MCU HKYUVDEDHFCU H MH \MH[H FI HZNHU FI HZIXYD\H.- Mcs hkus-tdedhfcs ig mh pmhzh fi Hriqudph vcmvdircg h immh. _dmmibhs Zcni rc, yh edthfc, fdei ri odrdägfc si hmcs `cgcris oûgi jris ioie tuhfcs ig ish edu fhf ig hjrdm fi 8054; "Ui nhgfõ qui tc fcs mcs edu-fhfhgcs vdstdisig fi mutc, qui mhs dbmisdhs fcjmhrhg y qui ehfh 89 ndgutcs si `dedirhg fdsphrcs



Ig im ncnigtceumndghgti fi sunhgfhtc, mhs trcphs Uhmhvirry, h mh sh prisdfigti fim \irû, sigorigthrcg h mhs fim prisdfigti jcmdvdhgUhgth Eruz ig HriquMcs `hjdthgtis fi mhedufhf gc ceumthrcg`cstdmdfhf h mhs oushmhvirrdghs, puishpcyhjhg im prcyietcmh Ecgoifirhedõg \ijcmdvdhgh.Isti brhjhfc fiMicgei Hgbrhgffi 8056 riprcfuei ughehmmi fi mhs houirhEdufhf Jmhgeh.

HZIXYD\H,UHMH_IZZTECGOIFIZHE


fi eh øõg… y qui mcs ristcs fi Uh mhvirry y fi sus ecn phøi rcs ouirhg trhsmhfhfcs fim Einig-ti rdc fi mh Hphe`i th hm fi mh Ziecmith. Im 86 inpi zhrcg mcs fcjmis fi mhs ehnphghs y pcr mhthrfi, hecn phøhfcs pcr mhs ecrpcrhedcgis, hutcrdfhfis, kiois, codedhmis y puijmc ouircg trhsmh-fhfcs mcs ristcs fi mh vîetdnh fi Uc ehjh yh kugtc ecg mcs fi sus ecnphøi rcs fi dgocrtugdc h mhEhti frhm, fcgfi oui rcg fi pcsdthfcs ig dn pcgig tis tû nu mcs rcfih fcs fi pd rhs igeig fdfhs. Ig

ehfh ugc fi immcs si ecmceõ dgserdpedcgis hfi euhfhs h mcs närdtcs fi mhs vîetdnhs… Ig mh pmhzhpûjmdeh, ig mh ndsnh pmhzh fcgfi oui rcg ousdmhfcs si ec mcehrcg mhs guivi sdmmhs qui sdrvdircg fiphtîju mc. Ucjri ugh fi immhs si ecmceõ im jhstõg qui `h jîh sir vdfc fi hpc yc ig mcs ûmtdncsnc nig tcs h Uhmhvirry… Ecg brhg ecgeursc im 82 oui rcg trhsmhfhfcs mcs ristcs fi Uhmhvirry yfi sus ecn phøi rcs hm einig ti rdc fi mh Ziecmith. Mh eirinc gdh si ioietuõ ig mh thrfi y h mhndsnh `c rh y ig im ndsnc sdtdc fcgfi oui rcg ousdmhfcs y, ecmcehfcs mcs ehfè viris fi mhgti fimhs sdmmhs qui ceuphrcg mhs vîetdnhs, si fi tuvc im ecrti kc jrivis dgsthgtis, ndig trhs ig mh Ehti-frhm y finès tin pmcs fi mh edufhf si imi vhjhg pmibhrdhs hm Hmtîsdnc".

UHMH _IZZT IG IM EHGEDCGIZC \C \Y MHZ.- Mh nhsh pcpumhr mmibõ h ehgthr hm ehufdmmcousdmhfc ig Hri qudph. Hsî, pcr ikinpmc, ig istcs "Ndmhbrcs fi Uhmhvirry" pujmdehfcs ig Im Uhmh-virrdgc G¼8, 805?, fcgfi `hy heig tcs fim rcnhg ei rc hgtdbuc;

³Ecgqui hm odg sirè im ehfhmscim phbc fi nds sirvdedcstärndgc fi nd hn jdedõgecrcgh fi nds nhrtdrdcs3

³Ecgqui ouir zh is qui yc nuirheuhgfc dgncr thm ni `i eriîfc y nds is pirhg zhs mcehsvcmhjhg `h edh im In pîric3

³Euhgfc is pirhjh ridghr scjri nuy vhstcs fcndgdcshugqui ouisi scjri is ecn jrcsscjri eh fè viris orîcs3

Hpighs hyir sujî³y yh ehdbc ig im hjdsnc3 ¡Hy, scøhfhs is pirhg zhs! ¡Hy, pigshndigtcs hmtdvcs! ¡Hy, hnjdedõg fisni fdfh! ¡Hy, origätdecs fi mdrdcs!

MCU ZIUVCU FI UHMH _IZZT.- Mh miy fi :9 fi sitdin jri fi 8054 fh fh pcr im Ecgbri sc fi@uhgehyc crfi gõ qui si rdgfdirhg `cni gh kis ghedcghmis h mh ninc rdh fim bigi rhm Uhmhvirry yfi mcs kiois y codedhmis ousdmhfcs ig mh \mhzh fi Hrnhs fi Hri qudph. Ig tcfh mhs ehpdthmis fifi phrthnig tc y fi prc vdgedh fijîhg ei mijrhrsi, pcr euig th fim Isthfc, ixi qudhs scmingis pcrim hmnh fi iscs ph trdcths1 h mcs ristcs fim ehu fdmmc ecrrispcgfîh ug si pumerc fi nèr ncm ig ugnhu scmic irdbdfc pcr im Isthfc, mh ispcsh i `d kcs pcfîhg pir edjdr im suimfc îg ti brc ecrrispcg-fdigti h bi gi rhm fi fdvdsdõg.



886







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


Im trhsmhfc fi mcs ristcs fim ehufdmmc gc oui mmivhfc h ehjc sdgc vidgti høcs fis puäs, ig cetu-jri fi 8094, euhg fc mcs riecbdõ ig Hriqudph im ecrcgim Kuhg Hgtcgdc Ybhrti eì h pi fdfc fifc øh Kuhgh \äriz fi Uhmhvirry.

Mcs ougi rhmis tuvdircg ehrèetir codedhm y si ioietuhrcg ig mh dbmisdh fi Mh Nireif fi Mdnhim 5< fi gcvdin jri fi fd e`c høc. Ig im einig ti rdc mcs ristcs qui fh rcg si pumthfcs ig ug

gde`c. Hgtis fi mcs fdseurscs, ug vdi kc scmfh fc fi Ec rhei rcs hrrc kõ scjri immcs ugh ecrcgh fi`c khs virfis.Ig 80?6 fc øh Kuhgh \äriz fi Uhmhvirry fdc hm ecrcgim Ybhrti eì im igehrbc fi qui trhs mh-

fhrh h Mdnh mcs ristcs fi mcs fi nès ousdmhfcs ig mh \mhzh fi Hrnhs fi Hri qudph. Immcs mmibhrcgig fcs eh kcgis hm Ehmmhc im 88 fi igirc fi 80?9 phrh sir fi pcsdthfcs ig im ecgvig tc fi UhgtcFc ndgbc. Im Bcjdirgc fi ig tcgeis, si burhnig ti pcr mhs priceuphedcgis pc mîtdehs, gc htigfdõh isti hsugtc, h pishr fi mh scmdedtuf fi Oi mdpi Uhgtdhbc Uhmhvirry, `d kc. Im nhuscmic fim ehufdmmcoui irdbdfc scmc ig 80?2 y ixdsti ig mh hetuhmdfhf.

Im Ecgbri sc crfi gõ, pcec fis puäs, ecgstrudr ctrc phrh mcs finès ousdmhfcs (ri scmuedõgmibdsmhtdvh fi :9 fi gc vdinjri fi 80?0). Mcs ristcs fi immcs ouircg trhsmhfhfcs hm einig ti rdcig ugh ei rinc gdh codedhm im 8? fi oijri rc fi 80?4. Is tuvdircg fi pcsdthfcs ig im euhrtim UhgthHgh1 pirc hm sir vigfdfh ish zc gh, fi shphri edircg. Mhs jûsqui fhs ndguedcshs fi ugh ecndsdõgfim Eigtrc fi Is tufdcs @dstõrdec-Ndmdthris ig 8495 phrh igecgtrhrmcs, gc tuvdircg äxdtc.

MH EHUHEH FI UHMH _IZZT.- Im fieri tc fi 8: fi nhr zc fi 806? fi Ehs tdmmh y su ndgdstrKcsä Bribcrdc \hz Ucmfèg cr fi gõ qui ouirh ecmcehfh ig im Nusic Ghedcghm mh ehsheh ecg quiUhmhvirry istuvc ig mh jhthmmh fi Yeùnh yc y Ucehjh yh y ecg mh qui si `hmmhjh vis tdfc ig imehfhmsc, hm sir ikieuthfc ig mh pmhzh fi Hriqudph. Fijîh sir puis th isth rimdqudh igtri vdfrdirhs,ig ug mubhr ecgvigdigti nig ti hfcr ghfc y fi nc fc qui si pri sig thrh tcfh ig ti rh h mh vdsthfi mcs ispie thfc ris phrh qui pufdisig ecg thrsi mcs jhmhzcs qui mh htrhvishrcg y si vdirh mhshgbri qui hûg ecg sirvhjh.

MH IUEYHFZH UHMH _IZZDGH T IM CEHUC FIM \C FIZ GH _HM FIM \IZÛ.- Mh iseuh-frh shmhvirrdgh, nhgfhfh pcr Bhreîh fim \cstdbc, qui h jîh pir fdfc su jh si fim Ehmmhc, si rdgfdõBhreîh fim \cstdbc si hsdmõ ig ug jhrec orhgeäs ig im Ehmmhc y igtrõ muibc hm sirvdedc fi mh nhrd-gh e`dmigh. Im ecnjh ti ghvhm nès dnpcrthgti fi is th ehnphøh oui im fi \hji mmõg fi \deh, eir-eh fi Dqudqui, ig tri mh bcmith jhmmigi rhThghece`h ecn prhfh pcr ecndsdcghfcs fi Cr ji bcscig E`dmi y im jirbhgtîg shmhvirrdgc Hriqud piøc (88 fi oijri rc). Nurdõ im ecnhg fhg ti fi mhThgh-ece`h Igrdqui Orii nhg y mh bcmith oui ehpturhfh. Mcs fcs juquis si ig tri bhrcg h mhs hutcrdfh-fis fi Cr ji bcsc ig im Eh mmhc fispuäs fi mh firrcth fim ehufdmmc ghedcghm1 y im kioi vigei fcrDbghedc Nhrdèti bud oubõ hm Ieuhfcr.

Hsî im \irû, qui ti gîh ugh is euhfrh supi rdcr h mh fi mcs Isthfcs vi edgcs hgtis fi mh jhthmmhfi Ucehjh yh, mh pirfdõ.

IM FIJHVI UCJZI IM FI ZIE@C FI HUDMC GH _HM IG 805?.- Im ndgdstrc fi Zi mhedcgisIxti rdcris Nhrdhgc fi Udirrh y im igehrbhfc fi gi bcedcs y eõgsum bigi rhm fi Orhgedh, Jhrriri,fdseutdircg mhrbhnig ti, ig tri igi rc y nhrzc fi 805?, sc jri im hsdmc, h jcrfc fi orh bhth Omcrh fiis th ghedcghmdfhf, fim bigi rhm Zhnõg Ehstdmmh, fi fcøh Kuhgh \äriz fi Uhmhvirry y fi mcs siøc-ris Dbghedc Nhrdèti bud, Fcndgbc Hmmigfi, Kuhg Bhreîh fim \cstdbc y \i frc Uhmnõg. H is tcs fcsûmtdncs, kioi fi mh iseuhfrh shmhvirrdgh ugc y ecndshrdc fi immh im sibugfc, im Bcjdirgc mcsheusõ fi fi mdtcs ecnu gis ig ri mhedõg ecg ehufhmis pcr immcs nhgi khfcs y ri emhnõ su ig tri bh.

UHgVH EZuzZIEDJDÕ IM VîVuMC

FI \ZCVIEVCZ TIM FI BZHg

NHZDUEHMDg_DEVC T UI

NHgFÕ HEuøHZNIFHMMHU ECg Uu

IoDBDI,MI_HgVHZMI ugH

IUVHVuHIEuIUVZI T

\CgIZ UuZIVZHVC Ig IM

UHMÕg FI MHHUHNJMIH.



EH\ÎVYMC :: ◃ D Im fd minh ig tri phr-tdr im \irû c hsc edhrmc h Jcmdvdh◃ DD ImIs thfc Uuf-\i ruhgc y im sdnjc mdsncfi su jhg fi rh ◃ Mh numth h qudigisgc cstig thrhg im ”Vrdecmcr Ghedcghm„◃DDD Mh Hshnjmih fim Isthfc Gcr-\i ruh-

gc ◃ D_ Mh hshnjmih fi Vhphehrî ◃ _ Mhcjrh hf ndgdstrhtdvh fi Uhgth Eruz◃ Mhhfuhgh ecnûg jc mdvdhgh suf-piruh-gh ig Hrdeh ◃ _D Im phetc fi Vhegh ◃

Fis ecgtig tc ig Jc mdvdh y im \irû hgtiim phetc fi Vhegh.


Q VCNC : ^



Q:: ^EH\ÎVYMC

IM HgFHNDHKI FI MH ECgoIFIZHE\IZÛ-JCMD_DHg



\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :: 880

IQ D ^M FDMINH IGVZI \HZVDZ IM \IZÛ C HUCEDHZMC H JCMD_DH.- Imdndghfc Uhmhvirryquifõ Uhgth Eruz fuiøc fim \irû. Uibûg Kuhg Buhmjirtc _hmfdvdh, ig sus nincrdhs scjri mhs rivmuedcgis fi Hriqudph, tuvc igtcgeis im ehufdmmc jcmdvdhgc ugh dnpcrthgti igtrivdsth ecgKchquîg fi Ncrh, su ecgodfigti, y mi fdkc qui su dgtigedõg irh gc phshr fim Hpurînhe hm ocrnguivc Isthfc, puis scmc mcs puijmcs fim sur fim \irû tigîhg îgtdnhs rimhedcgis ecg mcs fi Jcmdmc euhm høhfdõ fispietdvhs phmhjrhs phrh Mdnh, "Jhjdmcgdh fi Hnärdeh", "phrhîsc fi `cmNcrh mi ecgtistõ; "Vcfc c ghfh". Im ndsnc _hmfdvdh fdc ugh virsdõg nès pcrnigcrdzhfh fi isigtrivdsth h Nhrdhgc Oimdpi \hz Ucmfèg, qudig mh pujmdeõ ig su mdjrc fifdehfc h mcs hecgtieigtri 8059 y 8054. "Dgsdstc, Ixeimigtîsdnc siøcr (hphriei hmmî fdedigfc Ncrh), ig qui tcfc c ghpcrqui im gcrti sdg im sur ecnc phrti dgtibrhgti suyh, gc tigfrè Yf. phz gugeh, gugeh. Hjrhzègfcmtcfc, Yf. puifi fhrmi ugdõg y ouirzh y mcs piruhgcs, hm ecgceir y sigtdr mcs jigiodedcs qui Yf.`hrè, igtrhrèg ig sî ndsncs y gc fhrèg cîfcs h mcs ecgspdrhfcris". Uhgth Eruz ripusc; "Ud phsc fHpurînhe gc scmc ni pdirfc sdgc qui pdirfc h Jcmdvdh. Jcmdvdh sdg nî si ecgvirtdrè ig ugh nhzhrrh". T Ncrh hfukc; "\uis buhrfincs h mc qui fh im tdinpc. Ud im gcrti mc mmhnh h _.I. fiji eifir

Q DD ^IM IUVHFC UYF-\IZYHGC T IM UDNJCMDUNC FI UY JHGFIZH.- Mh Hshnjmih fiUdeuhgd, dgsthmhfh im 8? fi nhrzc fi 805?, si emhusurõ sids fîhs fispuäs, im :: fi nhrzc.

Im 8< fi hjrdm fi 805? Crjibcsc fdc ug fieritc, qui pufc sir sunhnigti pimdbrcsc, pcr imqui riecgcedõ ecnc Isthfc mdjri i dgfipigfdigti hm Uur-\iruhgc. Im :6 fi hbcstc fi 8050 ouidgsthmhfh scminginigti mh Ecrti Uuprinh fim Isthfc Uur-\iruhgc ig im Euzec.

Mh jhgfirh fim Isthfc Uur-\iruhgc riugdõ tris ecmcris. Im ecmcr rckc virtdehm vdgc h sînjcmc ecnûg fi mh fim \irû y mh fi Jcmdvdh. Im virfi `crdzcgthm riecrfhjh im phjimmõg ghfi isti phîs. Im jmhgec `crdzcgthm tigîh sinikhgzh ecg mh dgsdbgdh piruhgh. Hmbugcs igecgtugh dgtigedõg ig im `ie`c fi qui im jmhgec ceuphrh im mubhr fi hjhkc. Vhnjdäg oui siøhmhfhncgifh fim guivc Isthfc. Immh mmivõ mh dgserdpedõg "Zipûjmdeh Uufpiruhgh".

MH NYMVH H XYDIGIU GC CUVIGVHZHG IM "VZDECMCZ GHEDCGHM Ygh gcth fim

Ndgdstrc H.N. Vcrrdec h mcs prioietcs fim Isthfc Uuf-\iruhgc pujmdehfh ig im G¼4 fim vceiedhm, crfigõ qui tcfcs mcs viedgcs "ehrbhsig" ig sus scnjrircs mh euehrfh ghedcghm y ispienigti mcs ougedcghrdcs pûjmdecs, sc pigh fi 6 rihmis h : piscs fi numth ecg mh odghmdf"`heir nès gctcrdc im trdecmcr ghedcghm".

Gc is eriîjmi, ecnc cjsirvh htdghfhnigti Muds Ncgbudõ, qui ug `cnjri ecnc Uhgth Eruz,tcnhrh mh riscmuedõg fi ecgoifirhr h tcfc im \irû y Jcmdvdh pcr mh hdsmhfh cpdgdõg fi ug sghfc, sd jdig risumth vircsîndm qui isti mh nhgdoisthrh. Gc scmc im eursc fi mcs hecgtiedndim vheîc pcmîtdec surbdfc ig im \irû, fijdircg inpukhrmc h thg hnjdedcsh inprish, sdgc thnjdämh tigthedõg fi hetuhmdzhr vdikcs pmhgis, yh urbdfcs fisfi 80:2 c 80:4.



Im nhbdstrhfchriqudpiøc fikõ imikirededc fi su prcoi pcr mh vdfh pcmîtd80:4 oui gcnjrhfcsighfcr pcr su edufhfghthm y ig 805:ecgocrnõ im EcgsikcIsthfc. Mmibõ h vcemh Ecrti Uuprinh yfurhgti su bistdõgcrbhgdzõ im Vrdjughmcs Uditi Kuieis, hmsi hpimhjhg mhs ehuig prdnirh dgsthgedh805?, ecnc fdputhfc Mdnh, heufdõ h mh Hshnjmih fi @uhurhqui eriõ im IsthfcGcr \iruhgc.

I_HZDUVC BUÈGE@I[ (82

8EH\ÎVYMC :: \IZÎCFC 8

_hmfdvdh ecg su pirdõfdecIm Thghece`h irh im vceirc fi ug brupc fi surpiruhgcs qui si`hjîh vuimtc phrtdfhrdc igtcgeis fi mh oifirhedõg igtri Jcmdvdh y im \irû nirdfdcghm, tisdsecnphrtdfh pcr hmbugcs bigirhmis y pcmîtdecs jcmdvdhgcs y pcr im fdpmcnètdec dgbmäs Jimocrf@dgtcg Rdmscg.

Q DDD ^MH HUHNJMIH FIM IUVHFC GCZ-\IZYHGC.- Im Ecgbrisc fi mcs fiphrthnigtcs fimgcrti fincrõ nès phrh riugdrsi qui mh Hshnjmih fim sur. Ig isth ribdõg si gcthrcg fisfi ugprdgedpdc sîgtcnhs fi risdstigedh ecgtrh im guivc crfig fi ecshs. Ehrieîh, fi `ie`c, im gcrti fimcs vîgeumcs hgtrcpcmõbdecs, bicbrèodecs y iecgõndecs qui ixdstîhg igtri im sur y Jcmdvdh1 y tinîhpirfir su pripcgfirhgedh trhfdedcghm ig mh vdfh fim phîs. Im \irû siptigtrdcghm oui im mubhr fihprcvdsdcghndigtc phrh Uhmhvirry y hmmî si dgdedhrîh y ecgsunhrîh nès thrfi im fispmcni fi mhEcgoifirhedõg. \cr odg, si riugdõ mh Hshnjmih fi @uhurh, imibdfh ecgocrni h mh miy fi 8056,vdbdmhfh pcr ugh fdvdsdõg jcmdvdhgh y ehutimhfh ig sus fiedsdcgis pcr mcs kiois fi isi ikäredtc,bigirhmis Ncrèg y @irrirh. Fde`h Hshnjmih istuvc ecnpuisth pcr vidgti fdputhfcs qui ripri-sigthrcg h mcs fiphrthnigtcs fi Mdnh, Kugîg, Hnhzcghs y Mh Mdjirthf, jhkc mh prisdfigedh fiIvhrdstc Bõniz Uège`iz.

Ougedcgõ fim 5 `hsth im :6 fi hbcstc fi 805?. Crjibcsc miyõ su nigshki y prisigtõ surigugedh qui gc oui heipthfh, fispuäs fi mc euhm quifõ ecnc prisdfigti prcvdscrdc. Im 88 fihbcstc fi 805? ouircg shgedcghfcs mh erihedõg fim Isthfc Gcr-\iruhgc, im riecgcedndigtc fimIsthfc Uur-\iruhgc y mh igtribh fi mh pmigdtuf fim pcfir pûjmdec h Uhgth Eruz ecnc "suprincprctietcr" i "dgvdetc phedodehfcr" ecg oheumthfis phrh gcnjrhr ug sustdtutc euyhs ougedcgis ämndsnc fithmmhrîh, fijdigfc sir immhs mdndthfhs. Igtri ctrcs `cnighkis h Uhgth Eruz istuvdircg; sufisdbghedõg ecnc prctietcr fi tcfh mh Ecgoifirhedõg, mh ecmcehedõg fi su ritrhtc ig imEcgbrisc, ig mcs trdjughmis y ig mcs shmcgis fim \hmhedc fi Bcjdirgc1 mh heuøhedõg fi nifhmmhsfi crc y pmhth ecg su justc y isth dgserdpedõg; "H Uhgth Eruz, im \hedodehfcr, mh brhtdtuf piruhgh,høc fi 805?"; mh fisdbghedõg fim \hsic fi Hbuhs fi Mdnh ecg su gcnjri1 im mivhgthndigtc fiug hrec trdugohm fi pdifrh ecrcghfc ecg su isthtuh y ugh mèndgh fi ecjri ig ugh fi mhs pdmhstrhsecg dgserdpedcgis fi crc1 mh fiemhrhedõg fim fîh fi mh Uhgth Eruz, im 5 fi nhyc, ecnc odisth eîvdehqui fijîh oistikhrsi ecg ug tifiun , mh hsdbghedõg fim suimfc fi :6 ndm piscs hm høc phrh im\rctietcr y fi 8<< ndm piscs ecnc ribhmc h su ispcsh Orhgedseh Eirghfhs qui gc mcs heiptõ1 imcjsiqudc fi ugh isphfh fi crc buhrgiedfh fi jrdmmhgtis.

Crjibcsc oui hseigfdfc h brhg nhrdsehm, riedjdõ mhs brhedhs pcr sus sirvdedcs y si mi ecgei-fdircg mcs `cgcris fi prisdfigti furhgti su vdfh. Oui ecgfiecrhfc, hfinès, ecg ug scm fijrdmmhgtis ecg isths dgserdpedcgis; "Im Isthfc Gcr-\iruhgc hm bigirhm F. Muds Kcsä Crjibcsc" y igim rivirsc; "Udrvdõ h mh phtrdh ecg mihmthf". Ui mi cjsiqudhrcg pcr høhfdfurh 8<< ndm piscs y sicrfigõ qui ouirh odkhfh ig su ehsh fi Mdnh ug iseufc ecg mhs hrnhs fim Isthfc y mh dgserdpedõg;"Mh phtrdh hbrhfiedfh". H su ispcsh si mi `dzc ug euhgtdcsc fcghtdvc qui gc qudsc heipthr.

Mcs 02 `cnjris, fi trcph y codedhmis, qui sdrvdircg ig Hriqudph fi jhsi phrh mivhgthr im ikär-

edtc ouircg fiemhrhfcs jiginärdtcs h mh phtrdh y ecg firie`c h bczhr fim suimfc îgtibrc hugquiistuvdirhg ouirh fim sirvdedc.Mhs jhsis fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg fijîhg sir odkhfhs ig ug Ecgbrisc fi pmigdpctigedhrdcs, phrh sir

muibc scnitdfhs hm Ecgbrisc Ecgstdtuyigti fi ehfh Isthfc. Im gûnirc fi fdputhfcs fi mhs fcshshnjmihs fim \irû, mh oie`h y mubhr fi riugdõg quifhrcg igtribhfcs h mh vcmugthf fi Uhgth Eruz.

Im Isthfc Gcr-\iruhgc hphriedõ sujfdvdfdfc ig edgec fiphrthnigtcs, h shjir; Hnhzcghs(ehpdthm E`he`hpcyhs), @uhymhs (ehpdthm @uhrhz), Kugîg (ehpdthm Vhrnh), Mdnh (ehpdthm Mdnh) y MhMdjirthf (ehpdthm Vrukdmmc). Hfcptõ ecnc phjimmõg, iseufc fi hrnhs y tdpc fi ncgifh, mcs qui`hjîh tigdfc mh Zipûjmdeh fim \irû.



DUMHT. Ig igirc fi 8050 si mmivõ h ehjc ig isti puirtc hriqudpiøc im ecnjhti fim ndsnc gcnjri, furhgti mh \rdnirhIxpifdedõg Zisthurhfcrh. Mh vdetcrdh scjri mcs e`dmigcs origõ pcr ugcs nisis mcs pmhgis fi isti phîs phrh hehjhr ecgmh Ecgoifirhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh. Hquî vincs ugh dnhbig fim puirtc, tcnhfh fim mdjrc _dhki h trhv s fi Hn rdeh fimUur . Fim ce hgc \heîodec hm ce hgc Htmègtdec , fi \hum Nhrecy (:)1 y ctrh fi mh phnph fi Dsmhy, prcvigdigti fim ÈtmhsBicbrèodec fim \irû (80?9) fi Nhrdhgc Oimdpi \hz Ucmfèg (8).

8:< \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC ::

Q: ^

Q8



Jhrtcmcnic Ehppimmghedõ ig Jimmugc (D y oui imibdfc phph 8058. Furhgti suecgsirvhfcr bcjdirgchpcyõ h Hustrdh, \ru y Zusdh, mhs pctigemh "Uhgth Hmdhgz pcfir ecgtrcmhr mcsmmhnhfcsIsthfcs\cgtdodedcs . Ig 8052jihtdodeõ h mcs fcnd piruhgcsorhy Nhrtîg fi \crris orhy Kuhg Nhsîhs.

BZIBCZDC P(82?9-806?)


Isth oui mh ûgdeh äpceh ig mh turjumigth `dstcrdh ripujmdehgh ig qui mcs injminhs fim Isthfcfikhrcg fi pirtigieir h mh tcthmdfhf fi mh ìrifhf ghedcghm.

Ygh ecndsdõg fi mh Hshnjmih fi @uhurh si ecgstdtuyõ ig Mdnh phrh tcnhrmi kurhnigtc hUhgth Eruz. Im bigirhm Nhguim Nhrtîgiz fi Hphrdedc mi mmivõ mhs oimdedthedcgis fi Crjibcsc y mhecpdh fi mh miy fi su gcnjrhndigtc y muibc sdbudõ h Jcmdvdh ecnc nigshkirc fim vctc fi brhtd-

tuf indtdfc pcr im Ecgbrisc. Uhgth Eruz, qui `hjîh ispirhfc ig Vhrnh ndigtrhs äm si riugîh,igtrõ trdugohmnigti ig Mdnh im 89 fi hbcstc.

Q Dv ^MH HUHNJMIH FI VH\HEHZÎ.- Jcmdvdh `hjîh eunpmdfc ecg hgèmcbcs trèndtis ig im Ecgbriscixtrhcrfdghrdc riugdfc ig Vhphehrî ig kugdc fi 805?. Im ndsnc Ecgbrisc riscmvdõ cjsiqudhr hUhgth Eruz mhs `hedigfhs fi E`dge`h y Vhùhphmph, y nhgfõ ouisig igtribhfhs ecg im gcnjrifi Ucehjhyh, rhfdeègfcmhs pirpituhnigti ig su ohndmdh, ig ocrnh fi nhycrhzbc. Fdspusc, thn-jdäg, mh igtribh fi euhgtdcscs prindcs hm ikäredtc, phbhfircs euhgfc im \irû shtdsodedisi hm tisc-rc jcmdvdhgc mcs bhstcs dgvirtdfcs ig su phedodehedõg1 ug scjrisuimfc hm sierithrdc fi Uhgth Eruz,fcetcr Vcrrdec1 y im brhfc fi bigirhm fi fdvdsdõg phrh im vdeiprisdfigti Ehmvc qui khnès `hjîhsdfc ndmdthr. "Ghfh irh ixtrhøc (hodrnh Uègeìz fi _imhsec ig susNincrdhs) euhgfc mcs fdputh-fcs ispirhjhg virsi, fisfi muibc, ig emhsi fi fuquis, nhrquisis c jhrcgis fi mh outurhEcgoifirhedõg qui mdscgkiõ mh ispirhgzh fi hquimmcs `cnjris, fikègfcmcs ohsedghfcs `hsth mheibuifhf, h ehush fi mcs trdugocs ecgsibudfcs ig im \irû".

\cr ish äpceh riedjdõ Uhgth Eruz im fdpmcnh y mh dgsdbgdh fi brhg codedhm fi mh Mibdõg fi@cgcr, ecg qui mi `cgrõ im riy fi Orhgedh. Ziedjdõ thnjdäg ugh ecnugdehedõg fim Uunc\cgtîodei Bribcrdc P_D y ug rcshrdc ecg su nifhmmh, jigfdtcs pcr su Uhgtdfhf.

Q v ^MH CJZH HFNDGDUVZHVD_H FI UHGVH EZY[.- \rcvdstc fi tcfcs mcs iminigtcs mibhmisUhgth Eruz, pcr fieritc fi :0 fi cetujri fi 805?, fiemhrõ isthjmiedfh mh Ecgoifirhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh y crfigõ qui si riugdirh ig mh edufhf fi Vhegh ―phrh ivdthr mhs rdvhmdfhfis igtri ctrhsedufhfis― ug Ecgbrisc igehrbhfc fi odkhr mhs jhsis fi immh, ecnpuistc fi tris dgfdvdfucs pcrehfh ugc fi mcs tris Isthfcs qui mcs rispietdvcs bcjdirgcs fisdbghrcg; ug ndmdthr, ug hjcbhfcy ug sheirfcti pcr Isthfc.

Hm `heirsi ehrbc fi mh hfndgdstrhedõg fim \irû, Uhgth Eruz pusc h pruijh su ehphedfhf fibcjirghgti. Im \irû hjîh pirfdfc ig jigiodedc fi E`dmi su pripcgfirhgedh ig im \heîodec; eriedfcsfirie`cs, ecgtrhjhgfcs, fiseudfcs hfuhgircs, ixpmdehjhg mh dgedpdigedh fi mh vdfh ecniredhm. Mhsecgtrdjuedcgis, c gc irhg riehufhfhs, c gc hjîhg ecnprcjhgtis fi sus ecjrcs, c istcs gc sdin-pri mmibhjhg h sir igvdhfcs h mhs codedghs rispietdvhs. Mcs inpmihfcs gc piredjîhg ribumhrnigtisus suimfcs. Im Isthfc vdvîh ecg fiufhs qui gc hncrtdzhjh y eräfdtcs qui gc ixdbîh. Ehsd gc simmivhjh ecgthjdmdfhf, gd `hjîhgsi ocrnhfc eèmeumcs fi mcs dgbriscs y mcs bhstcs pûjmdecs fisfi

8055. Mh hbrdeumturh, ouigti fim ispmigfcr dgehdec, mh ndgirîh, ouigti fim ispmigfcr ecmcgdhm, phri-eîhg sundfhs ig mh fiehfigedh. Mh hfndgdstrhedõg kufdedhm irh migth y hgtdeuhfh. Ig mh jurcerhedhecgtrhsthjhg im ixeisc fi inpmihfcs y mhs fiodedigedhs fim sirvdedc. Im ikäredtc, dgerinigthfc ecgmhs sujmivhedcgis, hmjirbhjh h ug gûnirc ìtircbägic fi `cnjris y su dgfdsedpmdgh irh phtigti.

Nue`hs pèbdghs ceuphrîh mh mdsth fi mhs fdspcsdedcgis hfcpthfhs pcr Uhgth Eruz phrh ricrbh-gdzhr im hphrhtc hfndgdstrhtdvc fim \irû. Ig im rhnc fi @hedigfh tdigi sdgbumhr dnpcrthgedh imZibmhnigtc fi Ecniredc, qui trhkc, ig nifdc fi su irrcris, orutcs fi mh äpceh, brhgfis jdigis,mc ndsnc qui su ecnpminigtc, im Zibmhnigtc fi Hfuhghs. Mh vdbdmhgedh scjri mhs rigths y mcsbhstcs fdc mubhr hm hunigtc fi mhs prdnirhs sdg isthjmieir guivhs ecgtrdjuedcgis y h mh hustird-



\ZIUDFIGVIU UDNYMVÈGICUMh Ecgoifirhedõg trhkc ecgsdbc mh hghrquîh pcmîtdeh. Ig 8050, im \irû tuvc, hm ndsnc tdinpc, sditi prisdf

89 fi kugdc fi 8059

82 fi nhrzc fi 805?Im phetc Crjibcsc-Uhgth Eruz fh dgdedch mh Ecgoifirhedõg\irû-jcmdvdhgh, igeh-jizhfh pcr im sibugfc.

Uhgth Eruz gcnjrh hCrjibcsc prisdfigti fimIsthfc Gcr \iruhgc.

5< fi kumdc fi 8050Fcndgbc Gditc prcemhnh mhdgfipigfigedh fim IsthfcGcr \iruhgc ecg hpcyc mcehm.

Im prisdfigti jcmdvdhgc oui Uuprinc\rctietcr fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg

\irû-jcmdvdhgh furhgti sus ehsdeuhtrc høcs fi furhedõg.

84 fi kumdc fi 8050Uibugfh IxpifdedõgZisthurhfcrh, igehjizhfhpcr Bhnhrrh y ecg hpcyce`dmigc, ecgtrh Uhgth Eruz.

88 fi hbcstc fi 8050

88 fi hbcstc fi 8050\îc Vrdstèg is gcnjrhfc

prisdfigti fim IsthfcUur \iruhgc.

Hbcstc fi 8050

:8 fi hbcstc fi 8050

:< fi igirc fi 8054

E C G O I

F I Z

H E

D

Õ

G

\

I

Z

Û

-

J

C

M

D

_

D

H

G

H

MCU UDIVI \ZIUDFIGVIU FIM \IZÛIsthfc Gcr \iruhgc

Ouigtis; Kcrbi Jhshfri, @dstcrdh fi mh Zipûjmdeh fim \irû Vcnc DDD / H. Vhurc fim \dgc, Igedemcpifdh Dmustrhfh fim \irû. Dgocbrhoîh; Zhûm Zcfrîbuiz

Jcmdvdh

Hgfräs fi Uhgth Eruz

Muds Kcsä fi Crjibcsc

Isthfc Uur \iruhgc

\îc Vrdstèg

Mdnh Hbustîg Bhnhrrh Hgfräs fi Uhgth Eruz

Kcsä fi mh Zdvh-HbýircFcndgbc GditcOrhgedsec fi _dfhm

@uhurh

Vhegh Mh \hz

Jrhsdm

Hrbigtdgh

Ieuhfcr

E`dmi

Ecmcnjdh

Iseufc fi mhEcgoifirhedõg\irû-jcmdvdhgh

Nifhmmh fi mhjhthmmh fi Tugbhy

Crjibcsc fiemhrh fdsuimth mhEcgoifirhedõg. Uhgth Eruzgcnjrh h Zdvh-Hbýirc ecncguivc prisdfigti fim Isthfc Gcr\iruhgc. Crjibcsc nhgtdigi ugbcjdirgc phrhmimc ig im gcrti.

Im bigirhmOrhgedsec fi _dfhmis prcemhnhfc prisdfigtiecg hpcyc fi mh prcvdgedhfi @uhymhs.

Kcsi Muds Crjibcsc isfirrcthfc pcr mh UibugfhIxpifdedõg Zisthurhfcrhfi Bhnhrrh. Gditc `uyi h

Buhyhqudm y _dfhm si hf`dirihm ikäredtc Zisthurhfcr.

Ehi Uhgth Eruz ig mh jhthmmh fiTugbhy, firrcthfc pcr ughechmdedõg piruhgc-e`dmigh hmnhgfc fi Bhnhrrh y NhguimJumgis. Is im g fi mh Ecgoif-irhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh.




8:6







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC ::

Mcs riprisigthgtis, qui fijîhg sir sditi pcr ehfh ugh fi fde`hs Zipûjmdehs, tigîhg ug pirîcfcfi sids høcs y su crdbig prcvigîh fi mh imieedõg pcr im Ecgbrisc Bigirhm fi mh Ecgoifirhedõgigtri mcs fisdbghfcs pcr mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis phrh su rispietdvh Eènhrh. Igtri sus ougedcgisisthjhg dgemudfhs mh fi dgdedhr mcs prcyietcs fi miy ecgeirgdigtis h mcs rhncs qui pirtigieîhg hmBcjdirgc Bigirhm. Mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis gc imibîhg sdgc prcpcgîhg sighfcris, riprisigthgtis

y `hsth prisdfigtis fi mhs Zipûjmdehs ecgoifirhfhs. Mh ecgfdedõg fi prcpdithrdc c dgfustrdhmhphrieîh ecnc riqudsdtc isigedhm phrh ocrnhr phrti fi immcs.

Ehfh Zipûjmdeh phbhrîh mhs fiufhs qui ùjdirh ecgtrhthfc hgtis fim phetc1 mhs fi mh hgtdbuhZipûjmdeh piruhgh si fdvdfdrîhg, mc ndsnc qui sus eräfdtcs, igtri mhs fcs guivhs Zipûjmdehs, Gcry Uuf-\iruhghs, h kudedc fim Ecgbrisc Bigirhm. Yg hrtîeumc ispiedhm dnpmdehjh ugh hnighzh vdr-tuhm h mh dgtibrdfhf fim \irû fim sur, puis crfighjh qui ehfh ugh fi mhs tris Zipûjmdehs tuvdirh,euhgfc nigcs, ug puirtc nhycr phrh nhgtigir im ecniredc ecg mhs ghedcgis ixtrhgkirhs. Mhncgifh fi hquimmhs edreumhrîh ig tcfc im tirrdtcrdc fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg. Ig ecgsdfirhedõg h mcsvctcs fi mhs hshnjmihs fi Udeuhgd, Vhphehrî y @uhurh, Uhgth Eruz oui prcemhnhfc prctietcr fi mhEcgoifirhedõg phrh im prdnir pirîcfc.

Odrnhrcg im phetc fi Vhegh pcr im Isthfc Gcr-\iruhgc im cjdspc fi Vrukdmmc Vcnès Fdäbuiz, imvcehm fi mh Ecrti Uupirdcr fi Mdnh, Nhguim Vimmirîh, y im ecrcgim Orhgedsec Xudrcz1 pcr mh Zipûjmfim Uuf-\irû im cjdspc fi Hriqudph, Kcsä Uijhstdèg fi Bcyigieì, im kuiz fi Hyheue`c, \ifrc KcsäOmõriz, y im ecrcgim Kuhg Kcsä Mhrrih1 pcr Jcmdvdh, im hrzcjdspc fi Mh \mhth, Kcsä Nhrîh Nigfdzèjhvcehm fi mh Ecrti Uuprinh, \ifrc Judtrhbc, y im ecrcgim Ndbuim Nhrîh fi Hbudrri.

Im prcyietc hprcjhfc sdg fijhti ig Vhegh `hjîh sdfc ecgvigdfc hgtis (fdei Uègeìz fi_imhsec, nincrhmdsth fi mh äpceh) igtri mcs pmigdpctigedhrdcs jcmdvdhgcs Hbudrri y Judtrhbc, imvdeiprisdfigti Ehmvc y, scjri tcfc, Uhgth Eruz, qudig, ecg im cjkitc fi mmibhr h isi heuirfc, vdhkõispiedhmnigti h Mh \hz, fcgfi oui riedjdfc ecg shrhcs, ecgvdtis y ecrrdfhs fi tcrcs qui si mdfdh-rcg furhgti euhtrc thrfis.

FIUECGVIGVC IG JCMD_DH T IM \IZÛ HGVI IM \HEVC FI VHEGH.- Hm ribrishr fi Vheghmcs pmigdpcgtigedhrdcs Hbudrri y Judtrhbc, hsî ecnc su ecmibh im hrzcjdspc, si ncstrhrcg fisecgtig-tcs ecg mh cjrh qui immcs ndsncs `hjîhg ìe`c. Inpizhrcg pcr gc `hjmhr fi immh1 y im vdeiprisdfig-ti Ehmvc, qui, pcr su phrti, `hjîh tigdfc hmbughs fdvirbigedhs ecg Uhgth Eruz, thnjdäg ecgtrdjuyõhm fispristdbdc fim phetc pcrqui fdc h igtigfir, hnjdbuhnigti, qui irh pirkufdedhm h Jcmdvdh1 ynhgdoistõ su fdspmdeigedh ig ocrnh pûjmdeh y su fishbrhfc ig mh dgtdndfhf ecg sus hndbcs.

Vris nisis fispuäs fi mh riugdõg fi Vhegh, ig hbcstc, si dgdedhrcg mhs sisdcgis fi mhsEènhrhs mibdsmhtdvhs fi Jcmdvdh y im hnjdigti qui ixdstîh ecgtrh im fceunigtc odrnhfc ig immh irhscocehgti. @hsth ig mhs nès dgsdbgdodehgtis tirtumdhs (euigth Uègeìz fi _imhsec) si mhnigthjh"mh pärfdfh fi mh dgfipigfigedh ghedcghm y mh ousdõg fi mh Zipûjmdeh fim \irû, fispuäs fi `hjir-si hbcthfc mcs ehufhmis y firrhnhfc thgth shgbri fi mcs jcmdvdhgcs ig tcfhs mhs ehnphøhs". Igsu nigshki, im vdeiprisdfigti Ehmvc fiemhrõ qui gc dgsdstîh ig mh hprcjhedõg fim phetc qui, sdjdig gc hthehjh mh dgfipigfigedh fi mh Zipûjmdeh, hmtirhjh sus miyis ougfhnigthmis. Ucmc fis-

puäs fi ripitdfhs dgsthgedhs, im Bcjdirgc igvdõ im tixtc hutõbrhoc hm Ecgbrisc, hm qui yh si`hjîhg dgecrpcrhfc hmbugcs fdputhfcs mihmis h Uhgth Eruz. Mh cpcsdedõg istuvc igehjizhfh pcrJudtrhbc, im ndsnc pmigdpctigedhrdc fi Vhegh. Mmibhfh mh `crh fi mh vcthedõg, oui rie`hzhfc imphetc pcr ughgdndfhf, riscmvdägfcsi qui khnès sirîh ecgsdfirhfc. Isti heuirfc prcvceõ ughnhgdoisthedõg fi kûjdmc ig Mh \hz. Ig im tixtc fim heth fi mh sisdõg si ehnjdõ, pcec tdinpcfispuäs, mh phmhjrh "khnès" pcr mhs phmhjrhs pcr "h`crh".

Ig iscs fîhs ig im Ecmibdc Kugîg, fi Eùqudsheh, fishphriedõ im ritrhtc fi Uhgth Eruz1 y si miigecgtrõ ig mubhr virbcgzcsc, ecg nutdmhedcgis y miyigfhs dgsumthgtis. Vhnjdäg ceurrdõ igEce`hjhnjh im rcjc fim ritrhtc qui ixdstîh ig mh Ygdvirsdfhf, y hphriedõ muibc "ìrdfc, ousdmhfc

im prcyietchprcjhfc sdg

fijhti ig thegh`hjîh sdfc

ecgvigdfc hgtis(...) igtri mcs

migdpctigedhrdcsjcmdvdhgcshbudrri y

judtrhbc, im

vdeiprisdfigtiehmvc y, scjri

cfc, shgth eruz,qudig, ecg im

kitc fi mmibhr hi heuirfc, vdhkõ

ispiedhmnigtih mh phz, fcgfi

oui riedjdfc ecghrhcs, ecgvdtis ycrrdfhs fi tcrcs

qui si mdfdhrcgfurhgti euhtrc

thrfis.



Ig mh edufhf fi Vhemmivõ h ehjc mh od phetc qui mmivh sugcnjri. Im 8 fi nhyc 8050, mcs ndgdstrcs pmigdpctigedhrdcs Isthfcs Gcr \iruhgc,Uur \iruhgc y fi Jcmsi ecgbribhrcg yhprcjhrcg mh ocrnhefi mh Ecgoifirhedõg\irû-jcmdvdhgh. Istifdjukc fi Vhegh ig 8 pirtigiei hm vdhkircorhge s Micgei Hgb

IM \HEVC FI


y ecmbhfc ecg virscs coigsdvcs ig ugc fi mcs shueis fi mh pmhzh Nhycr". Im hjdsnc qui siphrh histi hnjdigti fim qui prifcndgõ ig im Ecgbrisc fi Vhphehrî, tdigi ugh ixpmdehedõg; im risumth-fc fi mhs sisdcgis fi Vhegh.

Ud thm irh im ègdnc prifcndghgti ig Jcmdvdh, pcr dbuhmfhf fi firie`cs fi mh tris Zipûjmdehsy mh nhycrîh qui djhg h tigir mhs fcs Zipûjmdehs piruhghs ig im Uighfc y ig mh Eènhrh fi

Ziprisigthgtis fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg, thnjdäg oui nuy fisohvcrhjmi mh ripireusdõg fim ndsncfceunigtc ig im \irû. Mcs jcmdvdhgcs mc ecgsdfirhjhg ecnc ug yubc dnpuistc h su phtrdh. Igehnjdc, `hjîh piruhgcs qui eriîhg dgtcmirhjmi im pcfir cngîncfc igtribhfc h Uhgth Eruz. Gcohmthjhg thnpcec mcs qui si sigtîhg ùndmmhfcs hgti mh suprisdõg ecgtdguhfh gc scmc fim\hrmhnigtc, sdgc hug fi mh vdfh nugdedphm1 hgti im riehrbc fi bhstcs qui mh Ecgoifirhedõg dnpmd-ehjh1 hgti mh pripctigedh fi dgvhscris y ecgqudsthfcris qui nue`cs jcmdvdhgcs hfcpthjhgìe`c ugdfc h mh igtribh fi dgsdbgdhs jcmdvdhghs hm ikäredtc piruhgc y h mh pirnhgigedh fi mhstrcphs dgvhscrhs1 y odghmnigti, hgti im pimdbrc fi mh dgfufhjmi phreimhedõg fim phîs, sd ie`hjhrhîeis mh fdvdsdõg igtri mhs Zipûjmdehs fim Gcrti y fim Uur.

Uhgth Eruz tigîh orhgehs tigfigedhs hutcerètdehs. Mc pruijhg mh sundsdõg fi mhs hshnjmihsfi Vhphehrî, Udeuhgd y @uhurh1 im ocrnumdsnc y im fiecrhtdsnc ig mh vdfh phmhedibh1 im hnjdigtifi hfumhedõg qui mc rcfihjh1 mh dnpmhehjmi eruimfhf ecg mcs vigedfcs1 im tîtumc fi prctietcr fimIsthfc Uuf-\iruhgc y fi prctietcr fim Isthfc Gcr-\iruhgc qui riedjdõ fi mcs Ecgbriscs nig-edcghfcs1 mh hrnhzõg dgtibrh fim fceunigtc odrnhfc ig Vhegh. Udg injhrbc, euhgfc phmpõ mcpcfircshs qui irhg mhs risdstigedhs ecgtrh isi fceunigtc thgtc ig im \irû ecnc ig Jcmdvdh,fituvc im ehgki fi rhtdodehedcgis, fiemhrõ su dgsujsdstigedh y ecgvceõ h ug guivc Ecgbrisc hriugdrsi ig Hriqudph phrh trhthr heireh fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg (fieritc fhfc ig Mh \hz im 85 finhrzc fi 8050). Ecnc pmigdpctigedhrdcs fim Isthfc Uuf-\iruhgc phrh fde`h Hshnjmih ouircggcnjrhfcs Orhgedsec Khvdir fi Mugh \dzhrrc, Kcsä Omcris, Hgsimnc Eigtigc, y Hgsimnc Xudrõs.Nifdhgti im fieritc fim 80 fi sitdinjri fim ndsnc høc, odrnhfc ig im Euzec, ecgvceõ h ugEcgbrisc ig ehfh ugc fi mcs Isthfcs ig qui si `hjîh jdourehfc im \irû, phrh qui riscmvdirh sdsujsdstdrîh c gc mh Ecgoifirhedõg1 y, ig ehsc fi fiedfdrsi pcr immh gcnjrhsi tris fdputhfcs fi susigc c fi houirh phrh qui, riugdfcs ig Ecgbrisc Bigirhm, ocrnhrhg im phetc fi sus rimhedcgisouturhs. Odghmnigti, im :: fi fdedinjri ug guivc fieritc fhfc ig Mdnh hgugedõ qui `hjrîh trisEcgbriscs fdstdgtcs; fim Isthfc fim Gcrti, fim Isthfc Uur-\iruhgc y fi Jcmdvdh. Igtcgeis fdspuscqui mh riscmuedõg gibhtdvh fi ugc fi immcs irh jhsthgti phrh fdscmvir mh Ecgoifirhedõg. Im fieri-tc fi sitdinjri y im fi fdedinjri hjrdircg mh pcsdjdmdfhf fi qui si echmdbhrhg mh Zipûjmdeh Uur-\iruhgh y Jcmdvdh. Ud isth sibugfh ithph bigäsdeh fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg si ùjdirh pcfdfc pcgirig ikieuedõg (fhgfc hm phetc fi Vhegh im ehmdodehtdvc fi prdnirh y orustrhfh ithph) `hjrîh sdfcnue`c nès pimdbrcsh phrh mh ugdfhf fim \irû yh risquijrhkhfh pcr mh erihedõg fi mcs fcsIsthfcs, im fim Gcrti y im fim Uur.



EH\ÎVYMC :5 ◃ D Fdvirbig edhs iecgõnd-ehs igtri mh Ecgoifi rhedõg y E`dmi.Mhrdvhmdfhf ig tri im Ehmmhc y _hmphrhîsc y imdgocrni Bhr eîh fim Zîc◃ Mh ehnphøhpi rdcfîstdeh fi mcs indbrhfcs pi ruhgcsig E`dmi◃ Im ri nhti fi fcs jhr ecs fi mhis euhfrh pi ruhgh y mh ixpi fdedõg Oridri◃ Uieuis trc fi tris jhr ecs fi mh iseuhfrhpi ruhgh ◃ Ce`c bis tdcgis fi phz dgdedh-fhs pcr Uhgth Eruz ◃ DD Mh buirrh ◃ Mhdgomuigedh fim pigshndig tc dgtir ghedc-

ghm fi Hgfräs Ji mmc ig mh hetdtuf e`dmighorigti h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg◃ \cr thmis hgtimh Ecgoifi rhedõg. Mh ”sibugfh dgfi pig-fig edh fi E`dmi„.”Fiji ncs fc ndghrphrh sdinpri ig im \heîodec„ ◃ \ri phrhtd-vcs phrh mh \rdni rh Ixpi fdedõg ”Zisthu-rhfc rh„. ”¡Ghfh ecg immcs, gd mh bmcrdh!„◃ Mhhetdtuf jä mdeh fi mh Hrbig tdgh ◃ Mh hetd-tuf pris edgfig ti fim Ieuhfcr. Im mdnpdc

sdbgdodehfc fi Zc ehouirti ig su phîs yig im \irû. Mh hetdtuf fi Gui vh Brhghfh◃ Hsisdghtc fi \cr thmis◃ Mh ehnphøh fi\hu ehrphth ◃ Mh ehnphøh fi Nc règ igmhs ecsths fi E`dmi. Mh ehpturh fi mh Dsmhfi Kuhg Oirgègfiz ◃ DDD Mh UibugfhIxpi fdedõg „Zisthurhfc rh„. Im vdrh ki fiDrdshrrd◃ Zihgufhedõg fi mhs `cstdmdfh-fis, Ecn jh ti fi Dsmhy◃ \hrtdfh fi mhUibugfh Ixpi fdedõg Zisthurhfc rh ◃

Hetdtuf fi Gdi tc. \rc gugedhndig tc fim

gcrti fim \i rû◃

Gibcedhedcgis fi mcsristhurhfc ris ecg Crji bcsc. Guivhfdvdsdõg igtri mcs piruhgcs. Buîh. ³Xudägpri edpdtõ mh jhthmmh fi Buîh3◃ Imieedõgfi Bh nh rrh◃ Bistdõg phedodsth fi Bhnh-rrh hgti Crji bcsc ◃ Bistdcgis fi Uhg thEruz hgti Crji bcsc, Gditc y Buhrfh ◃

Mcs sditi pri sdfig tis. Im gcrti pcr mh Zis-thurhedõg◃ Fdoîedm sdtuhedõg fi Bhnh rrh

ig Mdnh. Mh `cstdmdfhf fi mcs ix trhg kircsy, ig is pi edhm fim hbigti jrdtègdec Jim-ocrf @dgtcg Rdmscg ◃ ”Mhs vîspi rhs sdedmdh-ghs„ y im ehjh mmc fim fcetcr Nhe Mihg◃

Hetdtuf fi Uhg th Eruz hgti im \i rû yJc mdvdh ig 8050◃ Uhgth Eruz ig Mdnh ◃

Imdndghedõg fi Crji bcsc ◃ Mh phtätdehodburh fi Crji bcsc ◃ Im ispi kdsnc fi mh\hz. Bistdcgis hgti Dgbmhti rrh. C—@dbbdgs. Mhs ecgoirig edhs fi @uhe`c ◃ Mcsecrshrdcs. Ecnjh ti fi Ehs nh ◃ Mh odghmd-

fhf fi mh ritdrhfh fim ikäredtc ris thurh-fcr. Hetuhedõg fi Bhnh rrh ◃ Im hvhgeifi Uhgth Eruz. Juîg◃ Tugbhy ◃ Im fijh tiscjri Tug bhy ◃ Hgtcgdc \mhsig edh◃ \ri-ndcs h mcs vigei fc ris ig Hgehs` ◃ Imhpcrti pi ruhgc h mh Zisthurhedõg ◃ Mcpcsdtdvc ig mh hetdtuf e`dmigh fi 8054.Gc si hpcfi rhrcg fi gh fh ◃ Mh _drbigfi E`d qudgqudrè.

Q VCNC : ^




Q:5^EH\ÎVYMC

MH ECgoIFIZHEDÕg \IZÛ-JCMD_D



8:0 \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :5

Q D ^D _IZBIGEDHU IECGÕNDEHU IGVZI MH ECGOIFI ZHEDÕG T E@D MI. MH ZD _HMDFHFIGVZI IM EHMMHC T _HM\HZHÎUC T IM DGOCZNI BHZEÎH FIM ZÎC.- Im isthjmiedndig-tc fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-Jcmdvdhgh fis pir tõ mcs riei mcs fi E`dmi y fi mh Hrbig tdgh.

Mh rdvhmdfhf ec nir edhm igtri mcs puirtcs fim Ehmmhc y _hmphrhîsc h jîh fh fc mubhr h ug ecgomde-tc ig 805:, euhgfc im Bcjdirgc piruhgc fdetõ ni fdfhs ig ohvcr fi hquim, y im bcjir ghfcr fi_hmphrhîsc Fdibc \cr thmis prcpusc yh igtcgeis "drsi sc jri im \i rû ecg ug ikäredtc". Im Bcjdirgcfi Cr ji bcsc nhg fõ ig 8056 ugh ndsdõg h E`dmi, h ehrbc fi Uhgtdhbc Vèvhrh, y si mmibõ h odrnhrug trhthfc (:< fi igi rc fi 8059). Uhmhvirry mc rhtdodeõ (:5 fi kugdc fi 8059) fi heuir fc ecg imBcjdirgc fi E`d mi, qui hsî pcspusc h Crji bcsc y susedtõ im igecgc fi is ti. Fi ri bri sc h Mdnhtrhs fi mh nuirti fi Uh mhvirry, Crji bcsc si hpri surõ h fi rcbhr fde`c trhthfc ig nc nig tcs igqui mcs indbrhfcs y prcserdtcs pi ruhgcs `hmmhjhg ohvcrhjmi hnjdig ti phrh su ehnphøh ig E`d-mi (89 fi nhyc fi 8059).

Ig ish cpcr tugdfhf pri phrõ ug dgocrni im ndgdstrc fi Cr ji bcsc, Kuhg Bhreîh fim Zîc, ecmcn-jdhgc qui `h jîh sdfc codedhm nhycr fim Ndgdsti rdc fi Zimhedcgis Ix ti rdcris fi E`d mi, ndgdstrc fiUhg Nhrtîg y fi Jc mîvhr y ig 8055 ndgdstrc fi @hedigfh fim Ieuhfcr. Im trhthfc, ig prdgedpdc, gcecgti gîh vigth khs phrh E`dmi. Irhg tiõrdehnig ti ri eîprcehs mh prctie edõg hecrfhfh h mhs nhrdghsnir ehgtis fi hn jcs ecg trhthgtis1 mh rijh kh fi mcs firie`cs hfuh gi rcs h mh ndthf fi mcs qui siecjrh jh h mhs prcei fig edhs fi ctrcs phîsis1 y im heuirfc fi gc brh vhr ecg nhycris fi rie`csthgtc mhs nirehfi rîhs ixtrhg kirhs prcei fig tis fi mcs hmnh ei gis fi euhmqudirh fi mcs phethgtisecnc mhs nirehfi rîhs sdndmhris dgtir ghfhs fdrie thnig ti fim phîs fi crdbig. \i rc Bhreîh fim Zîccj sirvhjh qui, vdig fc mhs ecshs ig sus hspie tcs rihmis, scmc E`dmi tigîh nhrdgh nir ehgti y impuir tc fi _hmphrhîsc irh im prdni rc hm qui mmibhjhg mhs dnpcrthedcgis iu rcpihs. Mh tigfig edhbi gi rhm fi mh pcmîtdeh nir ehgtdm fi Uhgth Eruz ecgtrdju yõ h in pcgzcøhr mhs rimhedcgis ig tri mcsfcs phîsis, puis immh quirîh ohvcrieir im ecnir edc fdrietc ig tri Iu rcph y im \irû. \hrh isc fi emh-rõ puirtcs mdjris h mcs fi Hrdeh, Ecjd kh, Ehmmhc y \hdth1 ribmhnig tõ mhs hfuhghs1 y pusc fi rie`cshfdedcghmis h tcfcs hqui mmcs ioietcs y orutcs qui `u jdi sig tc ehfc ig ctrcs puir tcs fim ceähgc\heîodec hgtis fi mmibhr h puirtcs pi ruhgcs. Im fieri tc fi 8? fi nh yc fi 805? hgumõ im trh thfcfi ec nir edc fi 8059.

Im Hrhuehgc, vcei rc codedhm fim bcjdirgc fi Uhgtdhbc, ixpri sõ mh dgfdbghedõg nès eèmdfh hgtiim fieri tc fim 8? fi nh yc. Th fisfi hg tis, edufhfhgcs prcndgig tis `h jîhg ri edjdfc ig im \i rû

õrfi gis phrh qui si ecg trdju yirh h ug in prästdtc si eri tc ecg mh odghmdfhf fi hf qudrdr y iqudphrjhrecs. Im ndsnc õr bhgc fdougfîh mh fcetrdgh fi qui E`d mi giei sdthjh ugh is euhfrh pcfi rcshecg mh odghmdfhf fi prc ti bir im eriedigti ec nir edc ixti rdcr i, dgedfig thmnig ti, hyufhr h mhfi oigsh ghedcghm.

Euhgfc sur bdõ mh buirrh qui \cr thmis fiemhrõ, Uhgth Eruz gc vhedmõ ig fisig nhs ehrhr imcj kitdvc ig immh dnpmîedtc fi `i bi nc gîh nir ehgtdm cjti gdfh pcr _hmphrhîsc ecnc ri sumthfcfi fi sõrfi gis pc mîtdecs y irrcris iec gõndecs pi ruhgcs fig trc fi mh jûsqui fh fi ughsujcr fdghedõg fim ecnir edc fim Ehmmhc origti h mh pcmîtdeh ecgoifi rhm hjdirth ecg tcfcs mcspui jmcs fim nugfc.

F



Im Dgt rpriti oui ugsinhghrdc ifdthfc pcrOimdpi \hrfc y Hmdmh edufhf fi UhgtdhE`dmi igtri 805? y 8Uu vcz si hmzõ ig ecfi mh dgtirvigedõgjcmdvdhgh ig im \irûfim isthjmiedndigtc mh Ecgoifirhedõg\irû-jcmdvdhgh. Gc erdtdeõ h Hgfr s fiUhgth Eruz, thnjd gjuseõ dgomudr ig mhcpdgdõg pûjmdeh y Bcjdirgc fi E`dmi,`hedigfc mmhnhfcs prc fi ugh ehnphøh Zisthurhedõg.

IM DGVäZ\Z


MH EHN\HØH \I ZDCFÎUVDEH FI MCU INDBZHFCU \I ZYHGCU IG [email protected] H mcs ecg-trhpuis tcs dgti ri sis iec gõndecs si hbri bhrcg ctrhs fdodeumthfis. Im in prästdtc qui `dzc im fdpmc-nè tdec pi ruhgc Zdvh-Hbýirc ig E`dmi si supusc ig is ti phîs qui irh ohmsc, ecg mh ceumth odghmdfhffi fhr fd gi rc h igi ndbcs fi hquim Bcjdirgc ni fdhgti ehrths fi erä fdtc ecgtrh im Viscrc pi ruh-gc. H mh viz, mcs prcserdtcs y ind brhfcs pi ruhgcs, ecnc yh si `h dgfdehfc, mcbrhrcg htigedõg phrh

su ehnphøh pi rdcfîstdeh. Ygc fi sus ixpcgig tis nès ei mijrh fcs ouircg mhs mitrdmmhs tdtumhfhs Mh kith, ni fdthedcgis pcätdehs pcr Ncgsdiur Hmp`cg si Eùgeh Eè phe Tu phgqud , hmufdigfc mh hnhmbh-nh dgfîbi gh-ghpcmiõgdeh fi Uhgth Eruz (fcgcsh cjrh fi Oi mdpi \hr fc). Hphriedõ hfinès ugvhmdcsc pi rdcfdsnc pi ruhgc fi mh indbrhedõg;Im Dgtär priti , rifhethfc pcr äm ndsnc, Mh Hurcrh, Im\c pumhr , Mh Jhgfi rh Jdecmcr yIm Iemdpsi. Ig Im Dgtär priti (fim qui hphriedircg tridgth gûni rcs) \hr-fc htheõ ecg brhedh hm ndgdstrc fi Uhgth Eruz, Nhguim fi mh Eruz Nägfiz. Isti si fi oigfdõ ig Im Ivig tuhm , qui hmehgzõ h pujmdehrsi edgec vieis. \hrfc si vdc ig vuimtc ig ri emhncs iec gõndecsqui, ecg hmivcsîh, mi `dzc im Bcjdirgc pi ruhgc1 pirc si vdgfdeõ ecg tcfh kustdedh.

IM ZINHVI FI FCU JHZECU FI MH IUEYHFZH \I ZYHGH T MH IP\I FDEDÕG OZID-ZI.- @hmmèjh si ig im \i rû im bigi rhm Zhnõg Oridri, hgtdbuc pri sdfig ti fi E`d mi, y hprcvi e`õfi mhs edreugsthgedhs phrh mcbrhr fim Bcjdirgc qui mi fhjh hsdmc im hpcyc gi ei shrdc phrh ughixpi fdedõg sujvirsdvh ig su phîs. Fi heuirfc ecg ugh pc mîtdeh fi iec gcnîhs, Crji bcsc, quipcr vctc fi mh Hshnjmih fi @uhurh irh prisdfig ti fim Isthfc Gcr-\i ruhgc, fis puäs fi`h jir sdfc pri sdfig ti fi tc fc im \i rû, `hjîh puis tc h rinh ti fcs ju quis fi mh iseuhfrh, imjir bhgtîg Crji bcsc y mh orhbhth Ncgtih bufc . Uhgth Eruz, igtcgeis ig im sur fim \irû, nhgd-oistõ ugh ecgocrndfhf fi eh rèetir bi gi rhm ecg mcs pmhgis fi Oridri hehsc sdg isthr igti rhfcfi mcs fi thmmis ecgeirgdigtis h mh ocrnh ec nc djhg h mmivhrsi h ehjc. Oridri, tcmirhfc c hyu-fh fc pcr mhs hutcrdfh fis fim puir tc fim Ehmmhc y qudzès thnjdäg pcr mhs fi Mdnh y pcr Crji-bcsc, utdmdzõ mcs nigedcghfcs ju quis phrh ugh ixpi fdedõg h E`dmi. Im 2 fi kumdc fi 805?mivhrcg hgemhs hnjcs jhr ecs ecg run jc gc ndghm im ugc h Buhyhqudm y im ctrc h Eig trchnä-rdeh y ecg ehrbhnig tc fi e`c ecmhti. Ig rih mdfhf mmivhjhg h Oridri y si fdrdbdircg hm hre`dpdä-mhbc fi E`d mcä phrh dgdedhr hmmî ugh sujmivhedõg pcr mh mdjir thf fi E`d mi. Hugqui si `h jmõ fimh ixdstig edh fi ugh ehrth fi Kcsä Kchquîg fi Nc rh, sieri thrdc y ecgodfig ti fi Uhg th Eruz, hug ìr nh gc fim bigi rhm ieuhtcrdhgc Kuhg Kcsä Omcris, ig qui fi eîh qui Orid ri "si oui hu xd-mdhfc pcr fi jh kc fi nh gc pcr is ti Bcjdirgc", fde`h ehrth gugeh oui ix djdfh y fi mhs dgvis-tdbhedcgis ì e`hs `hs th h`crh gc si fi fu ei ugh prui jh ecg eri th qui fi nuis tri mh eumph-jdmdfhf fi Uhg th Eruz ig isth hvigturh, ouirh fi ugh dgdedhm y vhbh sdnphtîh h Oridri. Im \rctie-tcr gi bõ, pcr edirtc, sdinpri su ecgvdvig edh, phrh mc euhm hfu kc tris rhzcgis; qui gc nhg fh-jh ig im gcrti fim \i rû ig iscs fîhs y `h mmèjh si nuy mi kcs fi hmmî ig im vhmmi fi Khu kh1 qui sdù jdi si dgtir vigdfc, `h jrîh hpi mhfc h "ni fdfhs nès iodeheis y ni kcr ehmeumhfhs" fhgfcctrcs iminig tcs hphrti fi fcs jhr ecs dgirnis1 y qui sd jdig tuvc im Bcjdirgc fi E`dmi ig supcfir hm bigi rhm Oridri y h sus prdgedphmis hbigtis y hug su fceunig thedõg, fi mhs fiemhrh-edcgis y fi nès iminig tcs prcei shmis gc shmdõ im nigcr ecn prcjhg ti fi fd e`h ecn pmdedfhf.

Ig ehrth h Nd mmir fisfi _ir shmmis im 86 fi kugdc fi 80?<, Uhgth Eruz mmibõ h fi edr; "Nd ûgdehohmth oui gc `hjir nhg fh fc ig kudedhr h Crji bcsc y sus eõnpmdeis". Im `dstcrdhfcr e`dmigc_deuøh Nheaig gh ig su mdjrc sc jri Fdi bc \cr thmis indtdõ ug vctc hj scmutcrdc phrh im prctie-tcr fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg ig isti hsugtc.

Ig mh ndsnh gc eì fim 2, mivõ hgemhs ig im Ehmmhc im juqui nès vi mcz fim \heîodec, mhOmcr fimNhr , fi prc pdifhf fim ecnir edhgti hrbig tdgc Nur, omithfc pcr im eõgsum e`dmigc _ig turh Mhvhmmiphrh trhgspcrthr mcs pmdibcs qui dgocrnh jhg h su Bcjdirgc fi mh ixpi fdedõg Oridri.

Ig im vdh ki mh nhrdgi rîh fi mhNcgtihbufc si sujmivõ y igtri bõ muibc is ti jhr ec h mhs hutcrd-fhfis fi _hmphrhîsc. Fispuäs, ecgvigdigti nig ti pri phrhfh, si fdrdbdõ h E`dmcä, sdnu mhgfc gc




8EH\ÎVYMC :5 VINH D

nc vdõ mh bistdõg fim igehrbhfc fi gi bcedcs fi Jc mdvdh ig Uhgtdhbc, Nägfiz1 6¼ Igvdõ ecnc pmi-gdpcgtig edhrdc ispi edhm hgti im Bcjdirgc fi Uhgtdhbc h Ehsdndrc Cmhøi th1 9¼ \rcpusc im hrjdtrh ki fiIsthfcs Ygdfcs, Orhgedh c Dgbmhti rrh c im qui E`dmi isecbdisi1 ?¼ Ncvdmdzõ h su sierithrdc, Kcsä Kch-quîg fi Nc rh, phrh qui dgomuyirh ig im hmndrhgti e`dmigc Nhguim Jmhgec Igehmhfh1 2¼ \rcnc vdõ cheiptõ mh nifdhedõg ieuhtcrdhgh1 0¼ Hm gc heipthr E`dmi isth ni fdhedõg qudsc dr h gibcedhedcgis

fdrieths. \dfdõ, hfinès, hm Bcjdirgc e`dmigc, qui od khrh mhs bhrhgtîhs y siburdfhfis qui eri yirh ecg-vigdigtis, shmvc mh ncfdodehedõg fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-Jcmdvdhgh.E`dmi igvdõ hm \irû mh ndsdõg fi Nhrdhgc Ibhøh, ecg mh iseuhfrh, ecn puis th ig su nh ycr

phrti fi mcs tris ju quis ehpturhfcs ig im Ehmmhc y fi mcs qui `hjîhg dgti brhfc mh ixpi fdedõgOridri, phrh ixdbdr mh fistrueedõg fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg y fim \rctie tcrhfc. Is thjmiedõ muibc im jmc-quic fim Ehmmhc y igei rrõ ig im puirtc fi Buh yhqudm h mcs jhrecs pi ruhgcs qui qui fhjhg. Fis-puäs fi fi emhrhfh mh buirrh tcfhvîh juseõ Uhgth Eruz mh phz, ecnc muibc `h fi vir si.

Q DD ^MH BYIZZH.- Im Ecgbri sc e`dmigc hprcjõ mh buirrh im :? fi fdedin jri fi 805?, ig ugh miyeuycs ecgsdfi rhgfcs fi eîhg; 8¼ Im bigi rhm Uhgth Eruz, prisdfigti fi Jc mdvdh, fitig thfcr dg kustcfi mh scji rhgîh fim \irû, hni ghzh mh dgfi pig fig edh fi ctrhs Zipûjmdehs hni rdehghs1 :¼ ImBcjdirgc pi ruhgc, ecmcehfc jh kc mh dgomuigedh fi Uhgth Eruz, `h ecgsig tdfc, ig ni fdc fi mh phz,mh dgvhsdõg fim tirrdtcrdc e`dmigc pcr ju quis fi mh Zipûjmdeh piruhgh fis tdghfcs h dgtrcfu edr mhbui rrh edvdm1 5¼ Im bigi rhm Uhgth Eruz `h vi khfc, ecg trh im firie`c fi big tis, mh pirscgh fi ugndgdstrc pûjmdec e`dmigc. H isths rhzcgis ehjîh hbri bhr ctrhs gc nig edcghfhs ig is th fi emhrh-edõg; h) mhs fdodeumthfis ec nir edhmis1 j) mh dgomuigedh fi mcs indbrhfcs y prcserdtcs pi ruhgcs1 e) imti ncr hg ti im prifc ndgdc fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-Jcmdvdhgh ig im \heîodec.

MH DGOMYIGEDH FIM \IGUHNDIGVC DGVIZGHEDCGHM FI HGFZäU JIMMC IG MH HEVDVYF E@DMIGH OZIGVI H MH ECG OIFI ZHEDÕG.- Im vigi zcmhgc Hgfräs Ji mmc `hjîhsirhfdehfc ig Uhgtdhbc y irh im ecgsi kirc fim Bcjdirgc ig hsugtcs fdpmcnè tdecs. Dgfi pig fdigti-nig ti fi mh phrti qui, fi nc fc mibîtdnc ec rrispcgfi hm bigdc ixtrhcrfdghrdc fi \cr thmis ig mhbui rrh ecgtrh mh Ecgoifi rhedõg pcr nctdvcs ghedcghmdsths y ig mh jûsqui fh fim prdgedpdc fi mh

E@DMI Ig_D\IZÛ MH NDUFI NHZDHgCIBHøH, ECg MIUEuHFZH,ECN\uIUVH INHTCZ \HZVMCU VZIU JEH\VuZHFCUIM EHMMHC

MCU quI @HDgVIBZHFC Ix\IFDEDÕgoZIDZI, \HZHIxDBDZ MHFIUVZuEEDÕFI MHECgoIFIZHEDT FIM\ZCVIEVCZH

fh fi su ehr bc y ug mhrbc ixdmdc iurcpic. Ig is ti

pi rîcfc trh jh kõ phrh mhs injh khfhs fi Ec mcn-jdh y E`dmi, y si fi fdeõ h mh igsi øhgzh, mh trhfue-edõg y im pirdcfdsnc.Ig 80:4 vdh kõ h _hmphrhîsc (E`dmi), fcgfi ceu põfdvir scs ehrbcs pc mîtdecs. Ig 805: cj tu vc mhghedcghmdfhf e`d migh, qui mi pir ndtdõ hmehgzhrug is ehøc ig im Uighfc edgec høcs fis puäs.Ig tri sus nh ycris mcbrcs phr mhnig thrdcs istè mhimhjc rhedõg fi ug eõ fdbc edvdm fi brhg dgomuig-

edh ig ctrcs phîsis mhtdgch ni rdehgcs. Vhn jdäg

ougfõ mh Ygdvir sdfhf fi E`d mi, fi mh qui oui rie-tcr `hs th su nuir ti.Ig 80:?, fu rhgti su is thgedh ig Brhg Jri thøh,pujmdeõ Udmvhs hni rdeh ghs , ug pci nh äpdec igfcs phr tis, ig im qui ixhmth mh jimmizh y nhb gd-odeig edh fi mhs tdirrhs sufh ni rdehghs. H isthcjrh si ugi ig dn pcr thgedh suBrhnè tdeh fi mhmigbuh ehs ti mmhgh phrh im usc fi mcs hni rdehgcs,cjrh fi ecg sumth dgfdspig shjmi hug `cy.



85: \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :5

Im ndmdthr mdniøc sidgdedõ ig mh pcmîtdehripujmdehgh trhs mh prcemhnhedõg fi mh

dgfipigfigedh. \imiõig mhs jhthmmhs fi Kugîg y Hyheue`c, y muibc ig

mh buirrh ecgtrh mhBrhg Ecmcnjdh h mhs

õrfigis fi Mh Nhr. Ig8059 mue`õ kugtc ecgBhnhrrh ecgtrh mcs

jcmdvdhgcs, y nèshfimhgti, kugtc hUhmhvirry ecgtrh

Crjibcsc. Ig 8065 sifiemhrõ fdrietcr

suprinc fim \irû.

NHGYIM DBGHEDC FI _D_HGEC (80<?-8025)

jh mhgzh fim pcfir ig im \heîodec sufhni rdehgc, gc fi ji sir cnd tdfc im dgomu kc fim brhg ehrhqui-øc. Ig su mdjrc \rdged pdcs fi Firie`c Dgtirghedcghm , euyh sibugfh ifd edõg ecrribdfh y hunig thfhhphriedõ drõgdehnig ti ig Mdnh, is erdjdõ äm qui mh buirrh irh kustdodehjmi euhgfc surbîh phrh euhm-qudir Isthfc ug vi edgc hn jdedcsc y pimdbrcsc. Høcs hgtis, ecnc ri pri sig thgti ig Mcgfris, Ji mmc`hjîh si budfc nuy fi eir eh mh pcmîtdeh dgbmish phrh ocrnhr ugh echmdedõg qui fis truyõ, ecg gc

pcec is ouirzc im ixphgsdcgdsnc iu rcpic fi Gh pcmiõg y cjtuvc im sujsi euig ti ris thjmiedndig-tc ig _digh fim iqudmdjrdc fi pc fir ohvcrhjmi h Brhg Jrithøh.

\CZ VHMIU HGVI MH ECGOIFI ZHEDÕG. MH "UIBYGFH DGFI \IG FIGEDH FI E@DMI"."FI JI NCU FCNDGHZ \HZH UDIN\ZI IG IM \H EÎODEC".- Im cngdpctig ti ndgdstrc e`dmigcFdibc \cr thmis, ig ugh ehrth fis fi Uhgtdhbc im 8< fi sitdin jri fi 805? h Nh guim Jmhgec Igehmhfh, kioi fi mhs ouirzhs ghvhmis y ndmdthris qui djhg h ixpi fdedcghr scjri im \i rû, ixpmdeõ emhrhnig ti suhetdtuf hgti mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-Jcmdvdhgh. Fd kc hmmî; "_h ustif, ig rih mdfhf, h ecgsibudr ecg im trdug-oc fi sus hrnhs mh sibugfh dgfi pig fig edh fi E`dmi… Mh pcsdedõg fi E`dmi origti h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg\i rû-jc mdvdhgh is dgscsti gdjmi. Gc puifi sir tc mirhfh gd pcr im puijmc gd pcr im Bcjdirgc, pcrquiimmc iqudvhmfrîh h su sudedfdc. Gc pcfi ncs nd rhr sdg dgqudituf y mh nhycr hmhrnh mh ixdstig edh fi fcspui jmcs ecgoifi rhfcs y qui, h mh mhrbh pcr mh ecnu gdfhf fi crd big, migbuh, èjdtcs, rimdbdõg, dfihs,ecstun jris, ocrnh règ, ecnc is gh turhm, ug scmc gûemic. Ygdfcs is tcs fcs Is thfcs hûg euhgfc gcsih nès qui nc nig tègihnig ti, si règ sdinpri nès qui E`d mi ig tcfc cr fig fi euis tdc gis y edr-eugsthgedhs. Ig im supuis tc qui pri vhmiedirh mh Ecgoifi rhedõg ig su hetuhm crbhgdzhedõg y immh ouirfdrdbdfh pcr ug `cn jri ni gcs ehphz qui Uhgth Eruz, mh ixdstig edh fi E`dmi si virîh ecnprcni tdfh.Ud pcr hehsc, h mh ohmth fi ugh hutcrdfhf ouir ti ig mh Ecgoifi rhedõg si sdbudirh ig immh ug pirîcfc fibui rrhs dgtis tdghs qui ouisi cjrh fim ehufdmmh ki y gc tuvdiri pcr odg mh fdscmuedõg fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg,tcfhvîh isth, ig pmigh hghrquîh, sirîh nès pcfi rcsh qui mh Zipûjmdeh. Uhgth Eruz istè pirsuhfdfc fiish virfhf…". "Im äxdtc fi Uhgth Eruz ecgsdsti ig gc fhr ceh sdõg h ugh buirrh hgtis qui su pc firsi `h yh hodrnh fc y ig trhrè ig mhs nès `undmmhgtis trhgsheedcgis phrh ivdthr mcs ioietcs fi ugh ehn-phøh, pcrqui shji qui immh fispir thrè mcs sigtdndig tcs ghedcghmdsths qui `h fc ndghfc. Mh Ecgoi-fi rhedõg fiji fi shphrieir phrh sdinpri khnès fim iseighrdc fi Hnärdeh. \cr su ixtig sdõg bicbrè-odeh1 pcr su nhycr pcjmhedõg jmhgeh1 pcr mhs rdqui zhs ecg kugths fim \irû y Jcmdvdh hpighs ixpmcthfhsh`c rh1 pcr im fcndgdc qui mh guivh crbhgdzhedõg trhthrîh fi ikireir ig im \heîodec, hrrijh tègfc gcsmc1pcr im nhycr gûni rc thn jdäg fi big ti dmustrhfh fi rh zh jmhgeh nuy vdgeumhfh h mh ohndmdh fi Isph-øh qui si ig euig trhg ig Mdnh1 pcr mh nhycr dgti mdbig edh fi sus `cn jris pû jmdecs, sd jdig fi ni gcsehrèetir qui mcs e`dmigcs1 pcr tcfhs is ths rhzcgis mh Ecgoifi rhedõg h`cbhrîh h E`dmi hgtis fi nuypcec. Erii im Bcjdirgc, y isti is ug kudedc thnjdäg nîc, qui E`dmi sirîh c ugh fipig fig edh fi mhEcgoifi rhedõg, ecnc mc is `cy im \irû, c jdig mh ripumsh h mh cjrh dfihfh ecg thgth dgti mdbig edh pcrUhgth Eruz fiji sir hj scmuth. Mh ecg qudsth fi E`dmi pcr Uhgth Eruz gc si `hrè pcr mhs hrnhs ig eh scfi sir E`d mi vigedfc ig mh ehnphøh qui ustif nhg fhrè. Vcfhvîh mi ecgsirvhrè su dgfi pig fig edhpcmîtdeh. \i rc dgtrdbhrè ig mcs phrtdfcs, hvdvhgfc mcs cfdcs fi mcs phredhmis fi C—@dbbdgs y Oridri,ie`èg fc mcs ugcs ecgtrh ctrcs1 dgfdspcgdägfc gcs h gcsctrcs ecg guis trc phrtdfc, `h edägfc gcs vîe-

tdnhs fi nd mis fi cfdcshs dgtrdbhs. Euhgfc mh fisecn pcsdedõg scedhm `hyh mmibhfc h su brhfc nèseumndghgti, Uhgth Eruz si `hrè sigtdr. Uirincs ig tcgeis suycs. Mhs ecshs ehndghg h isi is thfc. Mcse`dmigcs qui vdvig ig Mdnh is tèg sdigfc vîetdnhs fi mcs dgomu kcs fi Uhgth Eruz…". "Fiji ncs fc nd-ghr phrh sdinpri ig im \heîodec, isth fi ji sir su nè xdnh h`c rh y ckhmè mh fi E`dmi phrh sdinpri"(Ipdstcmhrdc fi fcg Fdibc \crthmis, Uhgtdhbc, 8052, _cm. DDD, pp. 69:-696).

\ZI \HZHVD _CU \HZH MH \ZDNI ZH IP\I FDEDÕG "ZIUVHYZHFCZH". "¡GHFH ECGIMMCU, GD MH BMCZDH!".- Mcs indbrhfcs y prcserdtcs pi ruhgcs is thjhg fdvdfdfcs ig vh rdhs ohe-



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9

EH\ÎVYMC :5 \IZÎCFC 8

edcgis `cs tdmis igtri sî. Fi immhs mhs nès dn pcrthgtis irhg mhs fi Bh nhrrh y Mh Ouigti (ri ecgedmdhfcsyh) y mh fi mcs kõvigis qui, hmrifi fcr fim ecrcgim Nhguim Dbghedc fi _dvhgec, pritig fîhg phrh im\i rû gc mh vuimth hm isthfc fi ec shs qui pir ndtdõ mh pripcgfi rhgedh fi Uhgth Eruz, sdgc ug räbd-nig gui vc, ugh ribi gi rhedõg. Hmnh fi is ti brupc hrdstcerètdec y ecrti shgc irh Oimdpi \hr fc. \cr-thmis `hjîhsi `i e`c hndbc fi \hr fc y sus ecgtir tumdcs nhgdoisthgfc su nès orhgeh `cstdmdfhf h

Bhnh rrh y, ecnc mc shjîhg mcs piruhgcs bhnh rrdsths, igehji zhfcs pcr Kuhg Ègbim Ju khgfh, prc-yiethrcg ig tig fir si ecg im bigi rhm Kuhg Kcsä Omcris, prisdfigti fim Ieuhfcr, c in prig fir ughixpi fdedõg hm gcrti fim \i rû, pcr su euigth, dgfi pig fdigti nig ti fi mh qui ig vdhrhg mcs e`dmigcs.

Fi sdbghfc ph rh nhgfhr mh ixpi fdedõg e`dmigh, im vdeihmndrhgti Nhguim Jmhgec Igehmhfh sipusc hm `hjmh ecg im bigi rhm Mh Ouigti, pri sugtc kioi fi mh "cpcsdedõg" (Bhnh rrh isthjh ig tcgeisig Buhyhqudm). Mcbrõ ecgvigeirmi fi qui hjhg fc ghrh isi phpim y odburhsi ec nc ki oi fi mcs huxd-mdhris pi ruhgcs ig mh dgvhsdõg e`dmigh y, pcr mc thgtc, ecnc prisdfigti fim \i rû euhgfc ehyirhUhgth Eruz, h ehnjdc fi heip thr mh imdndghedõg fi Bhnh rrh y fi hmbugcs fi sus phr edhmis y ctcr-bhr im nhgfc fi mhs trcphs hm ecrcgim _dvhgec y mh sieri thrîh fi Bcjdirgc h \hr fc.

Im heuirfc ig tri Mh Ouigti y mcs e`dmigcs, hsî ecnc mh dgndgig edh fi mh phrtdfh fi mhs ouirzhsixpi fdedcghrdhs, ixhspi rhrcg h mh "cpcsdedõg". H Ju khgfh im hbigti fi Bh nh rrh ig E`dmi, qui`hjîh rihmdzhfc sherdodedcs dgguni rhjmis ig mh heunu mhedõg fi iminig tcs ecg qui fi rrcehr hUhgth Eruz, mi igtrõ ugh drh thm qui, ri odrdägfc si h mcs e`dmigcs, h Mh Ouigti, h \hrfc y h _dvhgecis erdjdõ isths phmhjrhs tri nig fhs, qui sdnjc mdzhg tcfh mh fisispi rhfh ehphedfhf hgèr qudeh fimh rhzh; "Ghfh ecg immcs, gd mh bmcrdh". ¡Ghfh ecg immcs, gd mh bmcrdh! T hfcptõ mh dgeriîjmi hetdtuf fipcgir si ig ecg thetc ecg Uhgth Eruz y mi rivimõ im pmhg hecrfhfc ig tri Mh Ouigti y \cr thmis ytcfc mc qui pufc hvi rdbuhr heireh fi mh ixpi fdedõg risthurhfc rh.

Ig mhs dgstrueedcgis qui ri edjdi rcg Jmhgec Igehmhfh y im pmigdpctig edhrdc Hgtcgdc Kcsä fiDrdshrrd, istuvc ugh emèusumh sibûg mh euhm E`dmi heei fi rîh h qui si hbribhsi hm tirrdtcrdc fi Jc mdvdhugh piqui øh phrti fim fi phrthnig tc fi Hri qudph phrh fhrmi ug puirtc eõnc fc. Xudzès ig is thhpirturh `hedh ugh nutdmhedõg fim \irû ougedcghjh fis fi mh tunjh fi vc mugthf fi \cr thmis.

MH HEVDVYF JäMDEH FI MH HZBIGVDGH.- \hri edõ pcr ncnig tcs qui ugh echmdedõgsufhni rdehgh ocrnh rîh ecgtrh Uhgth Eruz. Hrbig tdgh, bcjir ghfh ig tcgeis pcr im tdrhgc Zcshs,fi emhrõ, jh kc mh dgomuigedh e`dmigh, mh buirrh h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg (84 fi nhyc fi 8052). \hrh immcdgvceõ mh hgtdbuh euistdõg fi mîndtis ig tri Jc mdvdh y Hrbig tdgh ig ri mhedõg ecg Vhrd kh y mhs heu-shedcgis h Uhgth Eruz fi fhr huxdmdcs h mcs ugdthrdcs indbrhfcs y prcserdtcs ig Jc mdvdh. Isthsheushedcgis irhg vi rîfdehs pcrqui mcs ugdthrdcs `hjîhg ri edjdfc hpc yc iec gõndec c, pcr mcni gcs, migdfhf hg ti sus dgtrdbhs ecgspdrhtcrdhs.

MH HEVDVYF \ZIUEDGFIGVI FIM IEYHFCZ. IM MDN\DC UDBGDODEHFC FI ZCEH-OYIZVI IG UY \HÎU T IG IM \IZÛ. MH HEVDVYF FI GYI _H BZHGHFH.- Vrhtõ thn jdägmh fdpmcnh edh fi E`dmi fi cj ti gir mh hmdhgzh fim Ieuhfcr. Yg ehufdmmc dnpcrthgti fi ish Zi pû-

jmdeh, im bigi rhm Kuhg Kcsä Omcris, qui rîh sir ug änumc fim \rctie tcr fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg y si`hmhbhjh ecg mh dfih fi vigeirmc ig ugh brhg jhthmmh hm nhgfc fi ug ikär edtc e`dmigc-pi ruh-gc-ieuh tcrdhgc euyh kiohturh mi prcni tdõ im ndgdstrc e`dmigc _ig turh Mhvhmmi. \irc oui nhspcfi rcsh mh crdigthedõg ncfi rhfh fi _deig ti Zcehouirti h qudig gcn jrõ prisdfigti fi mhZipûjmdeh im :6 fi kugdc fi 8059, mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm riugdfh ig Hn jh tc. Vuvc rhzõg imeõgsum bigi rhm ig Mdnh, Orhgedsec Nhrîh Zceh, hm ecnu gdehr h mh Ehgedmmirîh isti hecg ti edndig tcpcrqui pri sig thjh "mh hmhbui øh ispi rhgzh fi ris thjmieir mh phz y im crfig hmti rhfc thg tc tdin-pc ig iscs fis brhedhfcs pui jmcs y qui ecgscmdfhrè ehfh fîh nès mhs rimhedcgis qui oi mdznig tiugig h hn jcs bc jdirgcs" (? fi hbcstc fi 8059, Hre`dvc fd pmcnè tdec piruhgc, _cm._DD).

NHT8052Qpirû

UI \ZCNuMBH IgEDuFHF FI VHEgMH MITougFHNIgVHM FMH ECgoIFIZHE\IZÛ-JCMD_DHgoDZNHFH \CZ MNDgDUVZCU\MIgD\CVIgEDH

FI MCU VZIUIUVHFCU quI MHECN\CgîHg. IgIUVI FCEuNIgVCquIFÕIUVHJMIEDFC qVCFC IM \CFIZ\CMîVDEC FI MHECgoIFIZHEDÕg

quIFHJH IgNHgCU FI HgFZäUHgVH EZuz.

8



856







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


H ecndig zcs fi nhr zc fi 8050 is thmmõ ig Zdcjhn jh ug nc tîg ig im jhthmmõg G¼:. Igtri suspmhgis is thjh, si bûg dgsdstig tis runc ris, hthehr h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg. "Mh cpdgdõg pcr mh buirrh isbi gi rhm ig mcs ndmdthris y ig mcs hndbcs c phrtdfhrdcs fim Ur. Brhm Omcris" iserdjdõ codedhmnig ti imndgdstrc ecgoifi rhm K. \. Zcmfèg (58 fi nhr zc fi 8050, cj. edt.). Ig im ndsnc fc eunig tc, dgsdstdõ igmhs ecgvirshedcgis y mh ecrrispcgfig edh hbrisdvh fim ndsnc pir scgh ki1 y hbribõ qui hyufhjh ig

mh rifheedõg c h mh pujmdehedõg fi dnpri scs ecgtrh im \rctie tcr. Gc is pcsdjmi ehmdodehr fi hutägtdehctrh rivimhedõg fim ndsnc Zcmfèg; "Nds ecrrispcgshmis ig Xudtc ni hsi burhg qui im ndgdstrc fiGuivh Brhghfh `h dgvdthfc h is ti Bc jdirgc h fi emhrhr mh buirrh h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg coriedigfc fiphrti fim suyc tris ndm scmfhfcs y qui si mi `hjîh ri pumshfc". Dgstdbhfc pcr im ndgdstrc e`dmigc igIeuhfcr _ig turh Mhvhmmi, im prisdfigti fi Guivh Brhghfh, Uhgthgfir, ix pri sõ su fi shprcjh edõg hmcs pmhgis y h mh odburh fi Uhgth Eruz1 ecdgedfdõ ig mh dfih fi qui im Isthfc pcr äm erihfc dn pmdehrîhugh hni ghzh h mh phz fi mhs Zipûjmdehs viedghs1 pirc gc eriyõ cpcrtugc dgtir vigdr y hgtis jdig,prcoitdzõ qui mh ecdgedfig edh igtri mcs nätcfcs hrjdtrhrdcs fim \rctie tcr y mhs ouirzhs eigtrîoubhsixdstig tis ig im \i rû, ecnc ig Jc mdvdh, dnpi fdrîhg qui si ecgscmdfhrh mh ugdõg igtri immcs. Hmbcnès; hecgsi kõ h Mhvhmmi heipthr mh nifdhedõg ieuhtcrdhgh y tirndghr ecg mh buirrh.

\cr su phrti, im räbdnig shg theruedgc ohvcriedõ hm fi Zcehouirti, euhgfc cjmdbõ h mcs pimdbrcscsbi gi rhm Kuhg Cthnig fd y ecrcgim Kcsä Nhrîh Yrjdgh y h ctrcs hbigtis suj virsdvcs h fdrdbdrsi h Khu kh.

Fi dbuhm ncfc, `dzc dgtir ghr ig mh sdirrh h mcs ieuhtcrdhgcs hodmdhfcs h mhs oheedcgis cpc sdtcrhsqui ri sdfîhg ig Mdnh y mh ecsth (gcths fim ndgdstrc Bhmfdhgc, :< fi hjrdm y 2 fi kugdc fi 8050, cj.edt.). Yg brupc fi ix phtrdhfcs qui mmibõ h \hdth ig mh bcmith fi bui rrhFdmdbigedh ig kumdc fim ndsnc høc oui cjmdbhfc h phshr h mh edufhf fi Eh khnhr eh.

Im Bcjdirgc fim Ieuhfcr, fis puäs fi ei mijrhr ug trhthfc ecg mcs tris Isthfcs ecg oifi rhmis,coriedõ su nifdhedõg ig im fdoirig fc e`dmigc-ecgoifi rhm. Uhgth Eruz hecbdõ isth prcpuis th ecg kûjdmc. Mh Ehgedmmirîh fi Uhgtdhbc cp tõ pcr ugh hetdtuf gi bhtdvh. \cr ctrh phrti, im Ecgbri sc ieuh-tcrdhgc, jh kc mh dgomuigedh fi Omcris, rie`hzõ im trhthfc ecg mh Ecgoifi rhedõg h prdgedpdcs fi 8052.

Fis puäs fi mh vdetcrdh fi Tugbhy, im ehgedmmir Hgtcgdc Butdärriz fi mh Ouigti ri ndtdõ hm guivcig ehrbhfc fi gi bcedcs ig Ieuhfcr, Kcsä Fcndgbc Ispdghr, tris ehrths crdbdghmis fi Uhgth Eruz,oie`hfhs ig Mh \hz im : y im 6 fi kugdc fi 8050 y fdrdbdfhs hm prisdfigti Zcehouirti, hm bigi rhmOmcris y h Kuhg Bhreîh fim Zîc, rivimhfc rhs fi "ugh pcmîtdeh ohmsh y igbhøcsh" ecg mcs fcs prdni rcs,fi très fi ix pri sdcgis fi ecr fdhmdfhf y jui gh oi. Im igvîc fi mcs crdbdghmis oui ie`c ph rh fi ncs-trhr mc hutägtdec fi mh figugedh. Mcs tris tixtcs mmibhrcg h sir pujmdehfcs ig im pi rdõfdec codedhmfi Mdnh fi ? fi nhr zc fi 8054 (codedc fi 89 fi hjrdm fi 8054, ev. edt).

_deig ti Zcehouirti, buhyhqudmiøc, hndbc fi Jc mîvhr h qudig ecgcedõ ig \hrîs, ifuehfc igIurcph, ndin jrc fi mhs Ecrtis fi Eè fdz, ecmhjc rhfcr ind gig ti fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh y fim ripu-jmdehgdsnc ni xdehgc fis fi 80:8 `hs th 805<, hfvirshrdc c hmdhfc fi Omcris ig im Ieuhfcr, si bûgmhs tcrnig tcshs ecrrdigtis qui su nir bdircg h mh fäehfh dgdedhfh is ti ûmtdnc høc ig su ph trdh, ouiim hrqudtie tc fi mh istrueturh fi immh origti h mh hnighzh eigtrîoubh qui crdigtèjh si h GuivhBrhghfh. Hmorifc \h ri kh Fdiz Ehgsi ec mc mmhnh ig su @dstcrdh fim Ieuhfcr "Im Edvdmdzhfcr" pcrquifdei; "Fi su hf ndgdstrhedõg hrrhgeh mh odscgcnîh mdji rhm fi guistrc phîs y fi su Bcjdirgc, mh sirdi-fhf gh edcghm1 fi sus vdrtufis, mh oi finc erètdeh y mh rispcgshjdmdfhf ig im nh gi kc fi mhs euistdc-

gis pû jmdehs". Udnjc mdzh Zcehouirti, hfi nès, hm Ieuhfcr hndbc fim \i rû, ecg im `cgfc hoèg fihorcgthr, hgtis qui gh fh, mcs prcjminhs dgtir gcs fi cr fig hf ndgdstrhtdvc, `heig fhrdc, ifuehtdvc, kurîfdec, nh ti rdhm, hgtdndmdthrdsth y hsth mcs rimhedcghfcs ecg mh ecmcgdzhedõg yh qui dgtig tõ mmivhrdgbmisis h mh zcgh fi Is ni rhmfhs1 y, hm ndsnc tdin pc, mdjri fim ig sui øc hnh zõgdec. "Gcsctrcsfi sihncs phz, mdjir thf y ecnir edc1 gcsctrcs gc qui rincs niz emhr guistrcs dgti ri sis ecg mcs fiGuivh Brhghfh gd ecg mcs fim \irû gd ecg mcs fi gdgbugh ghedõg fim nugfc. Is thncs ecg tig tcsecg sir ieuh tcrdhgcs", ixpri sõ äm ig ugh hshnjmih pcpumhr ceurrdfh ig Buhyhqudm ig 8059.

Im Ieuhfcr si ocrnõ h trhväs fi mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi 805< ig euycs fdspcsdtdvcs privhmiedircgjh sis ri bdcghmis ―Xudtc, Buhyhs y Euigeh― ecnc sd si trhthsi fi tris ugd fhfis hu tõgcnhs qui

MHU VZC\HUE@DMIgHU H_HgzHg@HUVH IM

FI\HZVHNIgVC FIHZIquD\H, FCgFIMHU IU\IZHJH ug

IKäZEDVC FI MHECgoIFIZHEDÕgECN\uIUVC \CZ

?.<<< @CNJZIU, HMNHgFC FIM BIgIZHMEIZFIøH. VZHU ugH

H\MHUVHgVIFIZZCVH, MCU

E@DMIgCU oDZNHZCgug VZHVHFC FI \Hz

IM NIU UDBuDIgVI.

8:CEVuJZI8052

Qpirû ^



85? \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :5

e`dmigc h immh, ig mh ehsh fim eurh ig mh hmfih fi \hu ehrphth, im \rctie tcr fi mh Ecg oifi rhedõg mihjrdõ mcs jrhzcs ecg hoie tc y hjrh zhfcs, ec nc fcs jui gcs y vdi kcs ehnh rhfhs, hn jcs si ri tdrh-rcg h ecg vir shr h scmhs.

Im trhthfc oui odrnh fc ig im pui jmc fi \hu ehrphth pcr mcs pmigdpcg tig edhrdcs Nhguim JmhgecIg ehmhfh y Hgtc gdc Kcsä fi Drdshrrd ecnc ri pri sig thgtis fi E`d mi y Zhnõg @i rri rh y Hgsimnc

Xudrõs ig gcn jri fi mh Ecg oifi rhedõg \i rû-Jc mdvdhgh. Ui fi emhrõ hmmî mh phz pirpi tuh y mh hndsthfig tri hn jcs Is thfcs. E`d mi si ecn prc ni tdõ h fi vcmvir mcs jhrecs hpri shfcs ig im Eh mmhc. Uuikäredtc si ri tdrhrîh ig ug pmhzc fi sids fîhs, ecg sus hr nhs y jh bh kis ecn pmitcs i dg thetcs, ri ph-trdègfc si. Im Bcjdirgc fi mh Ecg oifi rhedõg ixpri sõ sc mingi nig ti qui kh nès h jîh hu tc rdzhfchetcs `cs tdmis ecgtrh E`dmi. Ui odrnh rîh ug trhthfc fi ec nir edc sdbudig fc im prdgedpdc fi mhghedõg nès ohvcri edfh. Mh phz ecg mhs prcvdgedhs hrbig tdghs si `h rîh thg muibc ec nc isiBcjdirgc qud sdirh. Hn jhs phr tis ocr nu mhrcg fi emhrhedcgis ig mhs qui heip thrcg im prdgedpdc figc dgtir vig edõg y prcni tdircg gc tc nhr khnès mhs hrnhs mh ugh ecgtrh mh ctrh sdg `hjir hbc th-fc hg tis tc fcs mcs ni fdcs pc sdjmis fi ecg edmdhedõg y hfvi gdndig tc. Xui fõ ri ec gc edfh mh fiu-fh qui im \i rû ti gîh ecg E`d mi pcr im in präs tdtc fi mh bui rrh fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh, nès susdgti ri sis. Ecg sdfi rhrîhsi h mcs pi ruhgcs qui `h jîhg he tuhfc ig mh ix pi fdedõg "ecnc sd gc`u jdi sig vi gdfc". Im eun pmdndig tc fim trhthfc oui puis tc jh kc mh bhrhgtîh fim Bcjdirgc fiDgbmhti rrh (82 fi gc vdin jri fi8052).

Jmhgec Ig ehmhfh y ctrcs ki ois e`dmigcs `d edircg im 80 ig im Ehn pc fi Nd rhomcris ugh ri vdsthfim ikäredtc fi Uhg th Eruz, ecn puis tc fi edg ec ndm `cn jris. Im nds nc fîh ishs trc phs ig trhrcgig Hri qudph ig tri hemhnh edcgis. Mcs jh thmmcgis e`d migcs \cr thmis y _hmfdvdh qui hûg gc `h jîhgshmdfc fi mh edufhf, pri sig thrcg hrnhs hm \rc tie tcr.

Uhgth Eruz, pcr fi eri tc, nhg fõ ris thjmieir mhs rimhedcgis ec nir edhmis ecg E`dmi y fdsndgudrmcs ioietdvcs fi mhs trc phs fi mh Ecg oifi rhedõg.

Ui mi h i e`c si vi rhs erîtdehs pcr qui gc mdqudfõ ig hqui mmh cpcrtugdfhf, hm ikäredtc igi ndbcy mc fi kõ phrtdr ecg mcs iminig tcs jä mdecs qui mmivõ ecg sdbc ph rh vcmvir mcs h utdmdzhr ig nès prc-pdedhs edreugs thgedhs.

Ecg vdigi dgvis tdbhr, sdg in jhr bc, mhs bistdcgis `i e`hs pcr Uhg th Eruz hgti su nd gdstrc ig\h rîs, Kcsä Kchquîg fi Nc rh, hgtis y fis puäs fi \hu ehrphth, phrh qui ecn prhsi ju quis fis tdgh-fcs h sir vdr h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg.

_detcrdh d (8084-84<8) isrcemhnhfh ncghrehfi Brhg Jrithøh i

drmhgfh, trhs mhnuirti fi su tîc im

riy Budmmirnc d_.furhgti su mhrBc

ridghfc, ecgcedfcecnc irh _detcrdhgh,

risthurõ mhecgodhgzh ig mhecrcgh. isti pirîcfc

_dc im surBdriecgõndec fi su phîs

y mh riecnpcsdedõgfim nhph pcmîtdec

iurcpic.

8c_dinJri8052

Q brhgjrithøh ^

Juquis e`dmigcs hthehg im puirtcfim Ehmmhc y ehpturhg tris juquis

fi buirrh; im jirbhgtîg Hriqudpiøc ,mh bcmith\iruvdhgh y mh jhreh UhgthEruz . \cec fispuäs, mcs e`dmigcssieuistrhrcg thnjdäg mh orhbhthNcgtihbufc y im jirbhgtîgCrjibcsc . H rhîz fi isti jdigeccrfdghfc hthqui, im \irû quifõvdrtuhmnigti sdg nifdcs fi fioigshnhrîtdnh.

E`dmi fiemhrh mh buirrh hmh Ecgoifirhedõg \irû-

jcmdvdhgh.Mh rhzõg, hodrnhg mcs`dstcrdhfcris, oui quisus dgtirisis iecgõndecssi `hjîhg vdstc hoiethfcsecg mh fiemhrhedõg fiHrdeh ecnc puirtc mdjri.

86 fi gc_dinJri

isti igorigthndigtc,dgdedhfc ig 805?, oui ug

prieifigti `cstdm fi mhBuirrh fim pheîodec,

euhrigth høcs fispuäs.

mh prdnirh

Buirrh ecg e`dmi

:8 fi hBcstc805?




MHU EHN\HØH FI NCZÈG IG MHU ECUVHU FI E@DMI. MH EH\VYZH FI MH DUMH FI KYHG OIZGÈGFI[.- Ig mh thrfi fim 84 fi ce tujri fi 8052 sh mdircg fim Ehmmhc mhs ecrji thsUceh-jh yh yEcgoifi rhedõg y im jirbhgtîg Ecgbrisc, hm nhgfc fim bi gi rhm Vrdgdfhf Nc règ. Vigîhg ecnccj kitdvc mhs dsmhs fi Kuhg Oirgègfiz, mh nhycr fi mhs euhmis sirvîh fi pri sdfdc y mubhr fi ecg odgh-ndig tc phrh rics pcmîtdecs y ecnu gis. Im 86 fi gcvdinjri ocg fih rcg mcs jhrecs ecgoifi rhmis ig

immh, ug phrmhnig thrdc (Gdecmès Oridri) ixdbdõ fim bcjir ghfcr Hgfräs Ehn pcs mh igtri bh fi mh pmhzhecg sus hrnhs y ri eurscs ecg mh buhrgdedõg y tcfcs mcs ecgodghfcs. Mh ehpdtumhedõg oui suserdth "pcrmh isehsiz fi ri eurscs…phrh `heir ugh `cg rcsh fi oigsh". Mmibhrcg h sir in jhrehfcs ig mh iseuh-frdmmh vidgtdeuhtrc dgfdvdfucs fi mh buhrgdedõg y fdiedsäds ecgodghfcs1 ig ugh jhmmigi rh gcrtihni rd-ehgh si in jhrehrcg hm fîh sdbudigti qudigis gc qudsdircg cpthr pcr ish fi edsdõg. Hgtis fi hjhg-fc ghr mh dsmh, mcs ecgoifi rhmis fistruyircg euhgtc `h mmhrcg h su hmehgei.

Istcs jhrecs tuvdircg ug e`c qui ecg mcs fioigscris fim puirtc fi Vhmeh uhgc im :5 fi gcvdin-jri. Ctrc ig euig trc ceurrdõ im :2 ig Uhg Hgtcgdc. MhEcgoifi rhedõg im 89 fi fdedin jri `d zc hmbugcsfdsphrcs hm puirtc fi @uhsec. Mh iseuhfrdmmh ribri sõ hm \irû ecg fcs pi qui øcs ju quis fi ec nir edcqui mcbrõ hprishr ig im eursc fi sus ec rrirîhs. Mcs ecgodghfcs, mmibhfcs ig immh, ouircg puis tcs igmdjir thf ig im Ehmmhc. Gc `hy pruijhs heir eh fi mh supcsdedõg e`dmigh fi qui im virfhfi rc pmhg fiNcrèg oui scrprig fir h Ecg eip edõg, prcnc vir ug prcgugedhndig tc ig im ikäredtc y ehpturhr h su kioi im bigi rhm Nhguim Jumgis.

Hgtis fi `cg rhr h mcs hetcris ig mh ehnphøh scjri mhs ecsths fi E`dmi (:2 fi fdedin jri), UhgthEruz rifu kc h mh nhrdgh hm pdi fi phz (tris ecrji ths, fcs jir bhgtdgis y ugh bcmith1 :4 fi gcvdinjri).

Q DDD ^MH UIBYGFH IP\I FDEDÕG "ZIUVHYZHFCZH". IM _DZH KI FI DZDUHZZD.- Dgtig tõ UhgthEruz ecnprhr mh phz ecg E`dmi1 pirc si iqudvceõ y isi i rrcr mi oui ohthm. Hm mmibhr Jmhgec Igehmhfhecg sus trcphs h _hmphrhîsc, riedjdõ nhgdoisthedcgis `cs tdmis. Vris fîhs fispuäs fi su mmibhfh, im 80fi fd edin jri fi 8052, im Bcjdirgc e`dmigc ri pufdõ im trhthfc fi \hu ehrphth. Jmhgec Igehmhfh ouiprcei shfc. Im eõgsum bigi rhm fi Dgbmhti rrh ig E`dmi nhgdoistõ mh cpdgdõg fi su Nh kisthf Jrdtègdehqui fi shprcjh jh mh ecgtdguhedõg fi mh buirrh1 pirc mh rispuis th qui ri edjdõ oui igärbdeh y pirig-tcrdh. Vhnpcec fi shmigthrcg h mcs fdrdbig tis e`dmigcs mcs orhehscs fim ikäredtc hrbig tdgc ig su ehn-

IM VZHVHFCoDZNHFC Ig \uIJMC FI\HuEHZ\HVH\CZ (...)NHguIM JMHIgEHMHFH THgVCgDC KCDZDUHZZD ZI\ZIUIgVHg

FI E@DMI T @IZZIZH THgUIMNC quIg gCNJZI FI ECgoIFIZHED\IZÛ-JCMD_D

8050 8054

Eirfiøh y im bigirhme`dmigc Jmhgec Igehmhfh

odrnhg im Vrhthfc fi\huehrphth, quiisthjmiedõ mh ritdrhfhixtrhgkirh y mhfivcmuedõg fi mcsjuquis rcjhfcs. ImBcjdirgc e`dmigcfisecgcedõ im trhthfc.

82 FI gC_DINJZIVrcphs e`dmighsfisinjhrehg ig Hgeõg y

nhre`hg scjri Mdnh. Mhstrcphs piruhghs, hm nhgfcfi Gditc y Crjibczc scgfirrcthfhs ig mh jhthmmh fimh \crthfh fi Buîh.Bhnhrrh si fiemhrhprisdfigti prcvdscrdc.

? FI HBCUVC8052

\rdnirh dgvhsdõge`dmigh; 5.9<<

`cnjris, ig nès fividgti jhrecs, hvhgzhg`hsth Hriqudph.Im bigirhm piruhgcEirfiøh mis edirrh imphsc y mcs `heiehpdtumhr, im 82 figcvdinjri fi 8052.

8: FI CEVuJZIUi mmivh h ehjc mh jhthmmh fiTugbhy. Im ikäredtc

ecgoifirhfc suori ughhpmhsthgti firrcth. UhgthEruz hjhgfcgh im pcfir y mcse`dmigcs si ritdrhg shtdsoie`csmuibc fi mh ehîfh fi mhEcgoifirhedõg.

:< FI IgIZC



850







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


phøh sc jri im sur fi Jc mdvdh, heigtuhfcs euhg fc fis puäs fim Vrhthfc fi \hu ehrphth, in pi zõ ughcoig sdvh jc mdvdhgh phrh ceu phr im tirrdtc rdc hrbig tdgc y hnh bhr mh edufhf fi Ku kuy. Im pmigdpc tig edh-rdc Hgtc gdc Kcsä fi Drdshrrd, eigtrch ni rdehgc fi gh edcghmdfhf, qui h jîh he tuhfc hm mhfc fi Jmhg ecIg ehmhfh, si qui fõ ig im \i rû phrh ecjrhr im pri edc fi mh ehjh mmhfh fim ikäredtc ris thurhfcr y ph rhfi sin pi øhr im ehrbc fi nd gdstrc pmigdpc tig edhrdc. Fispuäs, im ripufdc hm trhthfc, im prcei sc h

Jmhgec Ig ehmhfh y mh hgdnc sdfhf fi shthfh ecg trh äm ndsnc, mmivèrcg mi h ecmcehrsi hm mhfc fi Uhg thEruz, y htheõ h E`dmi ig ti gheis is erdtcs pc mändecs. Hehjh jh fi vcm vir mh dgocrtughfh ix pi fdedõgfi Jmhgec Ig ehmhfh, euhg fc fi sin jhr eõ Bhnh rrh ig E`d mi. \isi hm orhehsc ri edigti, mhs gctdedhsqui äm ti gîh fim \i rû irhg h mhbhfc rhs. Fi eîhg, dgemusdvi, qui si trh jh khjh sc jri im ègdnc fi Cr ji-bc sc ph rh su hmi khndig tc fi Uhg th Eruz. Bhnh rrh, dg kurdhfc pcr ug nh gdodistc ri fhe thfc pcr \hr fcy odrnh fc pcr im prisdfigti fi E`d mi \rditc ph rh ixpmdehr mhs ehushs fi mh fi shprc jh edõg fim trhthfcfi \hu ehrphth, fi edfdõ ri tdrhrsi fi mh ix pi fdedõg. \i rc is th viz mhs nhgdcjrhs fi \hr fc, h qudig mcshndbcs fi Bh nh rrh mmhnh jhg "mh shjhg fd kh phmhedibh", gc prcs pi rhrcg. @hjîh nuir tc \cr thmis, brhghndbc fi \hr fc y brhg igi ndbc fi Bh nh rrh. _dcsi mc ûtdm qui isti pc fîh sir ecg su ix pi rdigedh,su pc sdedõg, sus hndbcs, su eh rèetir mdstc y shbhz. Im bigi rhm Nhguim Jumgis, ki oi fi sdbghfc ph rh mhgui vh ix pi fdedõg "risthurhfc rh", irh su prc tie tcr fi edfdfc. Vrdugoõ. @hjîhg qui rdfc Bh nh rrh y MhOuig ti, hm prdgedpdc, mh ocrnh edõg fi ug ikär edtc pi ruhgc hj scmuthnig ti hu tõgc nc, ph rh qui gcsi ris pdtdirh mc qui ceurrdõg ecg Jmhgec Ig ehmhfh1 pi rc vdärcg si cjmdbhfcs h heip thr im nhgfc fiJumgis y mh ocrnh edõg fi ug ikär edtc ûgdec, h ehn jdc fi su phr tdedphedõg ig mh ehnphøh y fi sudgomuigedh ig immh, ecg oheumthfis ph rh mh crbhgdzhedõg fi trc phs pi ruhghs y kiois pi ruhgcs ec ncphrti dgti brhgti fi fd e`c ikär edtc ûgdec.

ZIHGYFHEDÕG FI MHU @CUVDMDFHFIU, ECNJHVI FI DUMHT.- Mhs `cstdmdfh fis in pi zh-rcg ecg mh dgeursdõg fi ugh is euhfrdmmh e`dmigh hm nhgfc fim nh rdgc dgbmäs Zcjir tc Udnpscgsc jri mhs ecsths fim \i rû ig igi rc fi 8050. Ocr nh jhg is th omcth im Hqudmis, mhMdjir thf , mh_hm ph-rhîsc, mhNcg tih bufc y im Hriqud pi øc . \cr iscs fîhs, mh \i ruvdhgh, ugc fi mcs jhr ecs ehp turhfcspcr _detc rdgc Bh rrdfc ig im Eh mmhc y euyh fi vcmuedõg `hjîh sdfc ecg vi gdfh ig im Vrhthfc fi \hu-ehrphth, oui cjmdbhfh ig fd e`c puir tc h ridg ecr pc rhrsi hm jhgfc ecg oifi rhm. Mh hrnh fh fi isti`h mmèjh si ri phrtdfh pcr im mdtc rhm. Mh iseuhfrdmmh e`dmigh hvdstõ ig Dsmhy h tris jhrecs igi ndbcs; mcsjir bhg tdgis Ougfh fcr y Kugîg y mh ecrji th Ucehjh yh. Vcfcs immcs c hmbu gc, sc jri tc fc im Kugîg qui irh nuy mig tc, pu fdi rcg pir fir si ig tcg eis1 pi rc mh vhmigtîh fim ecnhg fhg ti Kuhg Kcsä\h gdzc, kioi fi ish fd vdsdõg ghvhm, su pirdedh y mh fi mcs ctrcs ecnhg fhg tis _h mmi Zdistrh y Ndbuim[hmfî vhr, hsî ecnc mh ugdfhf fi he edõg ig tri mcs tris `hg `i e`c ni nc rhjmi is ti ecn jh ti ig mcshghmis fi mh nhrdgh piruhgh. Uibûg ix pi sõ Udnpscg, gc cj tuvc mh vdetc rdh pcrqui im igi ndbcirh fui øc fim jhr mcvig tc, c sih im mhfc ohvcrhjmi fim vdigtc (8: fi igi rc fi 8050).

\cr iscs fîhs, mh ecr ji th Ecgoifi rhedõg qui ecg fu eîh hm bigi rhm jcmdvdhgc Kcsä Jh mmdvdèg ouiehpturhfh pcr e`d migcs euhg fc sh mîh fim Ehmmhc.

\HZVDFH FI MH UIBYGFH IP \I FDEDÕG ZIUVHYZHFCZH.- Mh sibug fh ix pi fdedõge`dmigh, hecn phøhfh pcr ind brhfcs pi ruhgcs, ph rh ecn jh tdr h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \i rû-jc md-vdhgh, zhrpõ fi Ec qudn jc im 84 fi ku mdc fi 8050 ig :? trhgs pcr tis ecg 9.6<< `cn jris si bûgedorhs codedhmis.

HEVDVYF FI GDIVC. \ZCGYGEDHNDIGVC FIM GCZVI FIM \I ZÛ.- Im bigi rhm Fcndg bcGditc, gc cjs thgti fi qui `u jdi rh pc fdfc hmjir bhr mh hnjdedõg h mh \risdfig edh, `hjîh sir vdfcmihmnig ti h Cr ji bc sc. Ecn jh tdõ ecgtrh Uhmhvirry y, tc nh fc prd sdcgi rc, ri e`h zõ mh prcpuis th

DgDeDh sueDreumheDõg igeujh mh prDnirhmcecnctcrh fi

hnärDeh mhtDgh, sDjDig si trhthjh fi

ug sDstinh fitrhgspcrti

fifDehfc

ûgDehnigti hm uscDgfustrDhm y gc hmtrhgspcrti fi

phshkircs, Oui imsixtc phîs fim

nugfc ig utDmDzhristi nifDc, fispuäs

fi Brhg jrithøh,OrhgeDh, isthfcs

ugDfcs, hustrDh yjämBDeh.

84cvDinjri8052

Q eujh ^




Im prdnir ecnhgfhgtifi mh hrnhfh e`dmig phrtdedpõ ig im sieufi mhs ghvis piruhgh

Hriqudpiøc , \iruvdhUhgth Eruzig hbcstc805?. Hm høc sdbudmi igehrbõ mh fdriefi mh \rdnirhIxpifdedõgZisthurhfcrh, mh euhoui ohvcrhjmi phrh iik redtc ecgoifirhfc.Vrhs mh firrcth,Igehmhfh odrnõ imVrhthfc fi \huehrphth

NHGYIM JMIGEHMHFH(824<-802?)

qui mi `dzc isti nh gdoisthgfc qui pri oirîh mh fipcrthedõg h ecmhjc rhr ecg ug räbdnig dmibîtdnc.H Uhgth Eruz mi eigsurõ qui gc hetuhsi ec nc hu xdmdhr y fdirh fi eri tcs scjri nh ti rdhs qui gcpcfîhg ecn pi tdrmi ndigtrhs ug Ecgbri sc gc fi emhrhsi irdbdfh mh Ecgoifi rhedõg y mi ctcrbhrh mhedufhfhgîh fim \irû1 høcs hgtis ig 8055, `h jîh Gditc ri e`hzhfc mh coirth phrh qui huspdedhsi mherihedõg fim Isthfc Uuf-\i ruhgc qui muibc `u jdärhsi oifi rhfc ecg Jc mdvdh. Fispuäs fi mh vde-

tcrdh fi Uhgth Eruz ig Thghece`h, Gditc fi heuir fc ecg Ehstdmmh, igvdõ h Uhmhvirry ug ecndsdc-ghfc si eri tc, Nhrdhgc _dfhm, phrh corieirmi mh eccpi rhedõg fi hn jcs sd riecgceîh mh hutcrdfhfmibhm fi Uhmhzhr y Jhquî khgc1 Uhmhvirry si gi bõ. Gditc heip tõ muibc mh prioieturh fi Vru kdmmc fimräbdnig gcr-pi ruhgc fi Cr ji bcsc y im ecnhg fc fi ugh fd vdsdõg ecg im pmhg fi ocrthmieir fig-trc fim tirrdtcrdc jh kc su kurdsfdeedõg mhs ouirzhs githnig ti ghedcghmis.

Hgtis fi qui mh Uibugfh Ixpi fdedõg Zisthurhfc rh mmibhsi hm mubhr fi su fis tdgc, @uhrhz, mhehpdthm fim fiphrthnig tc fi @uhymhs, si prc gugedõ ecgtrh Uhgth Eruz y pcr mh phz ecg E`dmi (:8fi kumdc). Mh dgndgig ti rih gufhedõg fi mh buirrh, im tincr fi qui im ieuh tcrdhgc Omcris sdbudirhim ikinpmc fi mh dgvhsdõg e`dmigh, im ehgshgedc eriedigti pcr mhs fdodeumthfis qui ehu shjh UhgthEruz, im `cgfc sig tdndig tc fi fds bustc qui ixdstîh ig im gcrti ecg Jc mdvdh jh kc mh prdnh eîh fimikäredtc fi is ti Is thfc, dgomuyircg scjri Gdi tc qudig, hfi nès, si pu sc fi heuir fc ecg im bigi-rhm Orhgedsec fi _dfhm qui nhgfh jh ig @uhrhz. Hgèmcbc irh im isthfc fi ègd nc fi Cr ji bcsc,pi rc ecg nh ycr pirpmi kdfhf, fh fc su hmtc ehrbc fi prisdfigti fim Is thfc Gcr-\i ruhgc y suhetuhedõg gctcrdh ecnc ris pcgshjmi gcndghm fi mh igtrhfh fi Uhgth Eruz ig im \irû.

Hgti mcs eriedigtis runc ris fi ug prc gugedhndig tc h ohvcr fim \irû mdjri ig mh fdvdsdõg Gdi-tc, Crji bcsc fi edfdõ vdsdthr iscs euirpcs fim ikäredtc. Ecgodhjh ig pc fir hpmhzhr su nctîg `hsthfis puäs fi jh tdr h mcs e`dmigcs qui is thjhg yh pcr mmibhr. Oui riedjdfc ecg hemhnh edcgis y vdtc-ris hm \irû (:5 fi kumdc fi 8050). Fdvirshs edufhfis fim gcrti, pc ec hgtis c pc ec fis puäs, rihmd-zhrcg hjdirtcs nc vdndig tcs si phrhtdsths. Udg injhrbc, im :? fi kumdc tcfhvîh pigshjh Crji bcscqui pc fîh ecgti gir h mh fdvdsdõg Gditc y iserdjdõ h mcs bigi rhmis qui isthjhg ig Mdnh, dgfdbghfcpcrqui "si `hg `i e`c fhr mh brhg pibhfu rh eriyigfc qui mh prdni rh fdvdsdõg si `hjîh sujmivh-fc ecg trh mh Ecgoifi rhedõg…qui yc thn jdäg ni `h jîh sujmivhfc ecg trh nî ndsnc".

¡Mc eurdcsc is qui ioie tdvhnig ti si h jîh i e`c mh sujmivhedõg ecgtrh sî ndsnc y sdg shjir-mc! Mdnh si prc gugedõ im 5< fi kumdc. Crji bcsc ig trõ h Mdnh y pufc ig ti rhrsi fi qui sus is pi-rhgzhs fi hpmhzhndig tc is thjhg fis vhgi edfhs. Ui risdbgõ h su phpim fi rijimfi, puis im nc vd-ndig tc ig tc fcs sus ocecs dgvcehjh su gcn jri. Mhs trcphs jc mdvdhghs y piruhghs ecgoifi rhfhsqui cji fi eîhg h mcs bigi rhmis Ctirc y Ncrèg si ri tdrhrcg h Kugîg phbhfhs y hvdtuhmmhfhs. Mhedsdõg fi mh Zipûjmdeh quifõ codedhmnig ti suj sdstig ti.

Yg fi eri tc fi Cr ji bcsc ixpi fdfc im 5< fi kumdc ristdtuyõ ig im ikäredtc pi ruhgc mhs dgsdbgdhsqui hgtis ushjh y qui `h jîhg sdfc riin pmhzhfhs pcr mhs jcmdvdhghs.

GIBCEDHEDCGIU FI MCU ZIUVHYZHFCZIU ECG CZJI BCUC. GYI _H FD _DUDÕGIGVZI MCU \IZYHGCU. BYÎH. ³XYDäG \ZIED\DVÕ MH JHVHMMH FI BYÎH3.- Im ikäredtce`dmigc fi sin jhr eõ ig Hgeõg im 2 y 0 fi hbcstc. Mhs gibcedhedcgis ig thjmhfhs ecg Crji bcsc

gc fdircg ri sumthfc h pi shr fi mcs isouirzcs fi ug bru pc fi pi ruhgcs, ig tri mcs qui isthjhg_dvhgec, \hgfc y Nig fdju ru. Fisecgodhjhg mcs e`dmigcs fi Cr ji bcsc thgtc ecnc Cr ji bcsc fimcs e`dmigcs1 y Bhnh rrh y mcs suycs isthjhg hmmî, phrh h`cgfhr iscs ri ei mcs. Fi ctrc mhfc, Crji bc-sc, h qudig rcfih jhg hbig tis fi Uhg th Eruz, pritig fîh hprcvie`hr im tdinpc ecg mh odghmdfhf fiprceurhr im ni kcrhndig tc fi su sdtuhedõg ndmdthr, ndigtrhs qui Jumgis qui rîh fhr fisehgsc h sus`cn jris ohtdbhfcs pcr mh trhvisîh fis fi _hmphrhîsc y ixti rdcrdzhr hm puijmc piruhgc su prcpõsdtchkigc h tcfc pmhg fi ecgqudsth y sujyubhedõg. Hm figugedhr im vhgfhmdsnc h qui, si bûg äm fd kc,si `h jîhg ig tri bhfc mcs e`dmigcs, im sieri thrdc fi Crji bcsc fi emhrõ rcths fde`hs gi bcedhedcgisim 86. Im brupc fi pi ruhgcs fi _dvhgec y \hrfc ig ehji zhjhg, gui vi ig tc thm, si siphrõ fi sus



Ecgtrh mh EcgoifirhedõgIm bcjdirgc fi E`dmi, hm igtirhrsi fim phetc igtriUhgth Eruz y Crjibcsc, rie`hzõ im prcyietc,puis ästi supcgfrîh ugh brhg fisvigthkhpcmîtdeh, iecgõndeh y ndmdthr phrh E`dmi.

Fdibc \crthmis, hsiscr fimprisdfigti fi E`dmi, Kchquîg\rditc.

Nhguim Jmhgec Igehmhfh, kioi fi mh \rdnirh IxpifdedõgZisthurhfcrh e`dmigh.

Hbustîg Bhnhrrh, ndmdthrpiruhgc cpcsdtcr fimprisdfigti Muds Kcsä fiCrjibcsc.

Mhs ecgfdedcgis fi Uhgth EruzUhgth Eruz hyufõ h Crjibcscjhkc mh ecgfdedõg fi isthjmieirug isthfc qui ugdirh hm \irûecg Jcmdvdh.

:: fi oijrirc fi 8059 89 fi kugdc fi 8059

Oimdpi Uhgtdhbc Uhmhvirrysi prcemhnh Kioi Uuprincfi \irû.

Crjibczc y Uhgth Eruz siugig pcr mh Ecgoifirhedõg yecgtrh Uhmhvirry.

80 fi oijrirc fi 805?

Mhs trcphs fi mh Ecgoifirhedõghprishg y fhg nuirti hUhmhvirry.

82 fi nhrzc fi 805

Crjibcsc is gcnjrhfprisdfigti fim IsthfGcr \iruhgc.

Ercgcmcbîh

Ikäredtc ugdfc risthurhfcr

Bigirhm ig Kioi; Nhguim Jumgis

Dgohgtirîh

Ehjhmmirîh

Jhthmmõg Ehzhfcris fim \irûJhthmmõg e`dmigcJhthmmõg gcr piruhgcIseuhfrcgis e`dmigcs

Hrtdmmirîh

\i ruhgh E dmigh

\hrqui fi mh

hrtdmmirîh e`dmigh

MH ECGOIFIZHEDÕG \IZÛ - JCMD_DHGH

Hgfräs fi Uhgth Eruz \risdfigti fi Jcmdvdh y\rctietcr fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg.

Mh jhthmmh fi Tugbhy Vuvc mubhr ig im hetuhm fiphrthnigtc fi Ègehs`, im :< fi igirc fi 8054. Ig immh, im IkäreZisthurhfcr, ecg ouirzhs e`dmighs y piruhghs, firrctõ hm Ikäredtc Ecgoifirhfc fi Uhgth Erubrhedhs h su hprcvie`hndigtc fi mh fdoîedm bicbrhoîh fim tirrigc. Isth vdetcrdh trhkc ecgs

g fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg.

Ouigtis; Brhg @dstcrdh fim \irû. Mdnh; Im Ecniredc, 8440. `ttp;//nincry.mce.bcv

Ikäredtc Zisthurhfcr

Im \hg fi Hzûehr; inpdghfc eirrc fcgfi si mdjrõmh prdnirh ithph fi mh jhthmmh.

H

H

J

J

Mh jhthmmh fi Tugbhy, bhghfh pcr im ikäredtc Zisthurhfcr brhedhs h su hprcvie`hndigtc fi mh fdoîedm bicbrhoîh fim tirrigc, nhreõ im ghm fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg.

86< \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :5




FinhrehedõgMh Ecgoifirhedõg \irû - jcmdvdhgh istuvcocrnhfh pcr tris brhgfis Isthfcs.

IUVHFCGCZ

\IZYHGC

IUVHFC

UYZ\IZYHGC

JCMD_DH

Udeuhgd

@uhurhMdnh

Vhegh

Mh \hz

Jhthmmh fi Tugbhy :< igirc 8054

Jhthmmh fi \huehrphth82 fi gcvdinjri fi 8052

Vhphehrd

< :<< 6<< ?<<

Isehmh (an)

IEYHFCZ

ECMCNJDH

JZHUDM

HZBIGVDGHE@DMI

Mîndti fi mhEcgoifirhedõgMîndti fi mcs IsthfcsEcgoifirhfcsJhthmmhEcgbriscsOifirhedcgdsthsEdufhfis

Miyigfh

Oimdpi Uhgtdhbc Uhmhvirry Ig 8059 mdfirõ ugh sujmivhedõg ecgtrh imprisdfigti Muds Kcsä fi Crjibcsc y tcnõMdnh, fcgfi oui prcemhnhfc prisdfigti.Oui firrcthfc ig Ucehjhyh pcr ouirzhs fiUhgth Eruz, qui hpcyhjh h Crjibcsc.

Mmhvi fi mh prdsdõg fi Uhmhvirry Uhmhvirry oui `ie`c prdsdcgirc y pcec fispuäs,ousdmhfc ig Hriqudph.

82 fi gcvdinjri fi 8052

Mh \hz fi \huehrphth tirndghecg mh \rdnirh Ixpifdedõge`dmigh.

kumdc fi 8050

E`dmi igvîh ugh UibugfhIxpifdedõg hm \irû.

:< fi igirc fi 8054

Jhthmmh fi Tugbhy; ugh echmdedõgpiruhgc-e`dmigh firrcth hmIkäredtc Ecgoifirhfc.

8054

Hbustîg Bhnhrrh hsuni imbcjdirgc fim \irû.

Ikäredtc fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg\irû - jcmdvdhghBigirhm ig Kioi; Hgfräs fi Uhgth Eruz

DgohgtirîhJhthmmõg jcmdvdhgcJhthmmõg gcr piruhgcJhthmmõg sur piruhgc

EhjhmmirîhHrtdmmirîh

Eirrc \hg fi Hzûehr,ceuphfc dgdedhmnigtipcr mh Ecgoifirhedõg.

Gcr \iruhgh Uur \iruhghJcmdvdhgh

Ig kugdc fi 8059, im prisdfigti piruhgc Muds Kcsä fi Crjibcsc si hmdõ ecg su sdndmhr jcmdvdhgc Hgfräs fi Uhgth Eruz.Ghedõ hsî mh Ecgoifirhedõg \irû√jcmdvdhgh.

Muds Kcsä fi Crjibcsc \risdfigti fim \irûy hmdhfc fi Uhgth Eruz.

Dgocbrhoîh;Brh ttd

Ikäredtc Ecgoifirhfc

Euigeh fim rîc Ègehs`; heedfigti bicbrè ec fitirndghgtiig mh sibugfh ithph fi mh jhthmmh.

E

F

\mhg fi mh Jhthmmh fi Tugbhy

Im \hg fi HzûehrIkäredtc ZisthurhfcrEuigeh fim rîc Ègehs`Ikäredtc Ecgoifirhfc

HJ

J

EF

F\mhgc fimh jhthmmh

Dmustrhedõg fi mh jhthmmh









hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :5 86:

ecn phøi rcs. Ixpri shrcg qui `h jîhg vi gdfc h ecn jh tdr ecgtrh Uhgth Eruz y mcs jcmdvdhgcs y gcecgtrh mcs piruhgcs.

Heireh fi mh jhthmmh mdjrh fh muibc ig tri mcs risthurhfc ris y mcs piruhgcs, `hy tistdnc gdcsecgtrhfdetcrdcs. Ygc fi immcs is im fi Nig fdju ru ig sus ni nc rdhs. Uibûg isti, ug fîh ig quinu fhjhg fi ehn pc mcs e`dmigcs euyc cj kitdvc irh fi khr im ehndgc fim Ehmmhc ecg im odg fi tcnhr

im qui ecgfu eîh fi mh edufhf fi Mdnh ph rh im gcrti, fi jdõ igvdhrsi ug phrmhnig thrdc euyh ndsdõgirh ig tri bhr h Crji bcsc ugh ecnu gdehedõg fi Jumgis. Nig fdju ru hodrnh qui yh hquim `hjîhecgvigdfc ig fi khr im nhgfc h Gditc ecnc pri sdfig ti fi ug Ecg si kc fi Ndgdstrcs. Gditc is thjhfi edfdfc h ug hrribmc ecg im kioi e`dmigc fi mh ixpi fdedõg risthurhfc rh. \i rc mh ndsdvh fi isti gcmmibõ h su fis tdgc. _hrdcs ndmdthris pi ruhgcs djhg h mh ehji zh fi mhs trcphs qui `h eîhg im ncvd-ndig tc hgti fde`c y immhs hvhgzhrcg scjri mhs qui buhrfhjhg im ehnpc qui is thjh fi mhgti fi mhnu rhmmh y pcrthfh fi Buîh. Is tc prcfu kc ug tdrctic qui tc nõ dgerinig tc1 y sdg nhgfhrmc Jumgis,si dgdedõ mh mmhnh fh jh thmmh fi Buîh c \døcghti (:8 fi hbcs tc fi 8050).

Ig fi sheuir fc ecg mc fde`c pcr Nig fdju ru, si ecgsirvhg fcs ehrths fi Gditc ecg im pcmî-tdec jc mdvdhgc Ehsdndrc Cmhøi th. Mh prdni rh, fim : fi hbcstc, rivimh qui isthjh ig trh tcs ecgis ti hbig ti fi Uhg th Eruz, pdfdigfc dbuhmfhf fi fi ri e`cs ig tri pi ruhgcs y jc mdvdhgcs. "Tcgc ni ugd rä khnès h mcs e`dmigcs1 mis `hrä mh buirrh ecg igehrgdzhndig tc", hodrnh hmmî. Mh sibug-fh ehrth, fim :9 fi hbcstc, ghrrh hsî mc qui ceurrdõ im :8; "Ig mh thrfi fim :8 si nc vdircg mcse`dmigcs fi mh Mibuh pcr Jcehgi brh y fisehji zhrcg `heîh mh pcrthfh fi Buîh. Tc ni sd tuä igNcgsi rrhti ph rh cj sirvhr su ncvdndig tc y su ixei migedh, sdg qui yc pufdisi pri virmc, phsõ hBuîh y ni nhg fõ pi fdr mcs euirpcs. Mcs igindbcs ig isi nc nig tc ti gîhg tcfhvîh ugh ouir-ti fdvdsdõg scjri im rîc y h rithbuhrfdh nîh y sdg injhr bc eun pmî mh crfig fim \risdfigti hpi shr nîc, pcrqui viîh qui si djh thm viz h ecnprcni tir ug ecn jh ti sdg pigshrmc, ecgtrh imvctc fi mcs bigi rhmis y ecgtrh im fi su ixei migedh ndsnc qui im fîh hgti rdcr si `hjîh prcemh-nh fc ugè gdni nig ti im sdsti nh fi oigsdvc. Ecg isti nc tdvc nhg fä su pmdehr h su ixei migedhqui gc ix pusdisi ugh jh thmmh y ni `dzc ecgtis thr ecg im ecrcgim Ie`ibcyig qui gc tu vdisieudfhfc y qui gc `h jrîh ecn prcndsc hmbugc. Odhfc ig is tc si buî cj sirvhgfc fis fi im pug-tc ig qui ni `h jîh sdtuhfc hm prdgedpdc, pcr nhgfh tc fi su ix ei migedh hm igindbc y euhgfcis thjh isti hm ecgemudr su ncvdndig tc scjri \h mhc c puigti fi \h mc, vic priedpdthrsi mcs euir-pcs fi ugcs ig pcs fi ctrcs y mhg zhrsi sc jri mhs pcsdedcgis igi ndbhs. Mcs ecgtrhrdcs hvhgzhgy mh ehjh mmirîh guistrh ig fi scrfig vh edmh y gc prcti bi h mh dgohgti rîh qui in pi zõ h prcbri shrscjri mcs igi ndbcs. \hrtîh yh yc ecg ug euirpc qui fi oigfîh Ncgsi rrhti h sdtuhrni ig impugtc fim ecn jh ti y sir vdr fi risirvh, euhgfc ehrbõ mh ehjh mmirîh igi ndbh y gc igecgtrhgfcri sdstig edh ig mh guistrh fdspir sõ mh dgohgti rîh qui yc pufi prc ti bir ig nu e`h phrti y shmvhr-mh jh kc mcs ouibcs fim euirpc qui is thjh h nd mhfc y sc jri im qui si i e`hrcg mhs ecmunghse`dmighs qui tuvi qui ri sdstdr `hsth nès fi mhs ce`c fi mh gce`i, fi oigfdigfc thn jdäg impuig ti sdg ug scmc scmfh fc fi eh jh mmirîh, puis tcfh immh `hjîh fi shphri edfc; ocrzhfc im puig-ti y tc nh fh mh pmhzh pcr vhrdcs pugtcs y gc qui fèg fc ni h nî yh nès fi edg euig th `cn jris,ri scmvî ni tir mcs ig isth ocrthmizh y mc ecgsi buî h mh vdsth fi mcs ecgtrhrdcs sdg nue`h pärfdfh.Mcs e`dmigcs `hg ti gdfc dgodgdthnig ti nès pär fdfhs qui gc sctrcs. @hg pirfdfc thn jdäg mh

cpdgdõg qui puifi ecc pi rhr y `hjrîh ecc pi rhfc ig ioie tc ecg immcs, sdg mh trhgs ocrnh edõgqui prc emhnh rcg mcs puijmcs".Ig im nhgdodistc is erdtc ig Ehthehcs ig 8054, ixpri sõ Gditc; "Im igeuig trc fi Buîh, qui gc

is tuvc h nds hmehgeis gd pufi ivd thr, hm qui igtdigfc qui im prisdfigti Cr ji bcsc oui prdgedphm-nig ti hrrhstrhfc pcr mcs hndbcs fi Uhgth Eruz y phrtdfhrdcs fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, oui pcr fiedr-mc hsî, im prdnir ph sc qui ni d zc ecgceir mh vhbui fhf fi su sds ti nh pc mîtdec ig mh inpri sh quimcs puijmcs mi `hjîhg ecg odhfc".

Ig mh jhthmmh fi Buîh phrtdedphrcg, hm mhfc fi mh fdvdsdõg fi Crji bcsc y Gditc, mhs ouirzhs fiugh ecmungh qui trh kc im bigi rhm _dfhm fi @uhrhz.

MCU E@DMIgCUCEu\HZCg MDNHHM HgCE@IEIZ.

gDIVC, ECNCIx\ZIUH Ig

MH EHZVHVZHgUEZDVH, UIZIouBDÕ Ig MHU

oCZVHMIzHUFIM EHMMHC.

CZJIBCUC\IZNHgIEDÕ

CEuMVC Ig MDNHHMBugCU FîHU,

@HUVH quIUI FDZDBDÕ

FDUoZHzHFC HMEHMMHC, \IZC gCouI ZIECgCEDFC.

ZIEDJDFC HJHMHzCU, @uJC

FI CEuMVHZUI IgMH CZDMMH FIM

NHZ, FCgFI MCIg_CM_DÕ ugHCMH T IUVu_C H \ugVC FI

\IZIEIZ (...)



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


Mcs e`dmigcs ceuphrcg Mdnh hm hgceì eir. Gditc, ecnc ix pri sh ig mh ehrth trhgserdth, si riou-bdõ ig mhs ocrthmizhs fim Ehmmhc. Crji bcsc pir nh gi edõ ceumtc ig Mdnh hmbugcs fîhs, `hsth qui sifdrdbdõ fdsorhzhfc hm Ehmmhc, pirc gc oui riecgcedfc. Zi edjdfc h jh mhzcs, ùjc fi ceumthrsi ig mhcrdmmh fim nhr, fcgfi mc igvcmvdõ ugh cmh y istuvc h pugtc fi pi rieir hs th qui hm fîh sdbudigti,in phphfc y ordcmigtc, `hmmõ ehrdøcsc hmjir bui ig hquim puirtc.

IMIEEDÕG FI BHNHZZH.- Ig Mdnh ig ugh riu gdõg fi vi edgcs si prc emhnõ im risthjmied-ndig tc fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056. Nhguim Uhmhzhr y Jhquî khgc, ûmtdnc prisdfigti fim Ecg si kcfi Is thfc, h qudig mi ecrrispcgfîh im nhgfc ig hu sig edh fi Crji bcsc, fd kc qui si hmi khrîh fimphîs hgtis fi heip thrmc fi guivc. Hgti su ti ghz risdstig edh, Bhnh rrh oui gcnjrh fc, pcr ughis ehsh ehgtdfhf fi pir scghs, prisdfigti prc vdsdcghm fim \irû (:6 fi hbcs tc). Isth imieedõg fiBhnh rrh oui ixtrhøh h mh dgomuigedh fi Jumgis y gc odburhjh ig sus dgstrueedcgis.

Mcs prdni rcs ndgdstrcs qui gcn jrõ Bhnh rrh ouircg Ji gdtc Mhsc (qui fîhs hgtis `h jîh hetuh-fc ec nc si eri thrdc bigi rhm fi Crji bcsc) ig im pcrthocmdc fi Bcjdirgc y Zimhedcgis Ix ti rdcris1Nhguim Oirriyrcs ig mh ehrti rh fi @hedigfh y Zhnõg Ehstdmmh ig mh fi Buirrh. Im guivc Bcjdirgcecgei fdõ hngdstîh bigi rhm y nifdh pigsdõg h mhs ohndmdhs fi mcs ehîfcs ig Buîh1 mmhnõ h mcs cod-edhmis y scmfhfcs fdspir scs ecgsirvègfc mis sus brhfcs1 y prceurõ, ig bi gi rhm, sibudr ugh pcmîtdehfi hph edbuhndig tc. _dcsi odburhr hm mhfc fi Bh nh rrh h nue`cs fi sus igi ndbcs fu rhgti suprdni rh hfndgdstrhedõg1 mmibõ muibc h ug ndgdsti rdc im ecrcgim Jirghrfc Ucoodh qui gc scmc h äm`hjîh hthehfc fu rhnig ti sdgc `h jîh umtrh khfc im `cgcr fi su is pcsh fis fi im pi rdõfdecIm \igdtig ti (805:-8056).

BIUVDÕG \HEDODUVH FI BHNHZZH HGVI CZJI BCUC.- Igtrõ Bhnh rrh thnjdäg ig trhtcsecg mcs fioigscris fim Ehmmhc fi ìe`c ec nhg fhfcs prdni rc pcr Gditc y muibc pcr Nhguim fimh Buhrfh qui fis ecgcedõ mh hutcrdfhf fi isti y mc cjmdbõ h in jhr ehrsi hm gcrti. \ir scghmnig tiBhnh rrh dgdedõ ugh dgti ri shgti ec rrispcgfig edh ecg Crji bcsc. Im prisdfigti imibdfc ig 8055fi odgdõ su pcsdedõg ig ugh prcemhnh ecg sditi fi emhrhedcgis. Ig tri immhs isthjhg mh buirrh hmikäredtc e`dmigc, sd gc fisceuphjh im tirrdtcrdc piruhgc dgecgfdedcghmnig ti y mh ixdbig edh hgtiUhgth Eruz phrh qui fi khsi hm \irû ig ig ti rh mdjir thf fi riu gdr ug Ecgbri sc qui, sdg echeedõghmbugh, fi jîh fdspcgir fi mh suirti fim phîs ecg mh hnighzh fi bui rrh `hsth mc ûmtdnc sd hsî gcprcei fîh. Bhnh rrh prcpusc h Crji bcsc qui hsundi rh mh supri nh nh bdstrhturh `hsth mh riugdõgfim Ecgbri sc ecg mh ecgfdedõg fi `heir mh buirrh hm "usurphfcr fim \i rû" y igtrhr ig hmdhgzh yecn jdghedõg ecg im ikäredtc fi E`d mi "ig htigedõg h qui im \irû gc pui fi pri sig thr, pcr h`crh,ouirzhs suodedigtis phrh jhtdr hm igindbc pcr sî scmhs". Mh fistri zh sdnu mhfc rh fi Bhnh rrh gc mmi-bõ h igtig fir si ecg mh dgsdstig edh pcrodhfh fi Cr ji bcsc ig jus ehr ugh tirei rh scmuedõg.

BIUVDCGIU FI UHGVH EZY[ HGVI CZJI BCUC, GDIVC T BYHZFH.- Igtri thgtc, Uhgth

Eruz si ncs trhjh ctrh viz nès ix pir tc ig mh dgtrdbh qui ig mh dnpi tucsdfhf nd mdthr. Uu hbigtiKuhg Bhreîh fim Zîc brhvdtõ scjri Cr ji bcsc. Uu ndgdstrc Ehsdndrc Cmhøi th dgdedõ, im 8< fi hbcstc,trhtcs ecg Gditc, y mi coriedõ im hrndstdedc `hsth mh riugdõg fi fcs Ecg bri scs, ugc ig im gcrti yctrc ig im sur fim \irû, huxdmdc ndmdthr, mh prisdfig edh fim Isthfc Gcr-\i ruhgc c fi mh Zipûjmdeh fim\i rû "sd im Isthfc Uur-\i ruhgc fi edfîh ugdrsi hm fim gcrti", tcfc is tc scjri mh jhsi fi mh igtri bhfi Vhegh y Hrdeh h Jcmdvdh. Fdriethnig ti jus eõ Uhgth Eruz, hfinès, ecg thetcs ecg Buhrfh h euyhfdspcsdedõg pusc hseig scs y prcni shs fi ctrhs ri ecn pig shs. @dzc, thnjdäg, qui im bigi rhm Cti-rc iserdjdi rh h Crji bcsc phrh fhrmi mh siburdfhf fi qui mh dgfi pig fig edh fim Isthfc Gcr-\i ruh-gc si rîh rispi thfh y prcni tir mi im hpcyc fi mh sibugfh fdvdsdõg jcmdvdhgh.

HJZD8050Q näx

ugH IUEuHFZHoZHgEIUH UDVD\uIZVC FI_IZHEZuz (NäxDIxDBDIgFC HMBCJDIZgCNIxDEHgC MHDgFINgDzHEDÕEDuFHFHgCU

oZHgEIUIUMIUDCgHFCUFuZHgVI MHUBuIZZHU ED_DMIUI \HîU. VZHU uUIZDI FIgIBCEDHEDCgIUNäxDEC IgVZIBHoZHgEDH VZIU

\HBHZäU FI :<<NDM \IUCU EHFugC. IUVI @IE@ouI ECgCEDFCECNC „MH BuIZFI MCU \HUVIM

8?



8

Ig IUI \ZIEDUNCNIgVC, IM\IZÛ Vu_C U\ZIUDFIgVIUUDNuMV gIUHgVH EZuz\ZCVIEVCZ ECgoIFIZHEDBHNHZZH,\ZIUDFIgVI F

ZI\ÛJMDEH\IZuHgHZIUuZZIEVHCZJIBCUC,\ZIUDFIgVI FIUVHFC gCZZD_H-HBÝIZgCNJZHFC \CUHgVH EZuzIUI NDUNC E(...)1 \îC VZD\ZIUDFIgVI FIUVHFC UuZgDIVC (...)T _DFHM.


MCU UDIVI \ZI UDFIGVIU. IM GCZVI \CZ MH ZIUVHYZHEDÕG.- Mh buirrh ecgtdguõ sdg quisi prc fu kirhg, fi dgni fdhtc, hecgti edndig tcs fi edsdvcs. Ygh ecmungh fis prig fdfh fim ikäredtc fiUhgth Eruz, oui jhtdfh pcr mcs e`dmigcs ig im puijmiedtc fi Nh tuehgh (80 fi si tdin jri). Im gcrti siprcgugedõ pcr mh Zisthurhedõg shmvc, ug dgsthgti, im fiphrthnig tc fi @uhymhs qui prcemhnõ hmbi gi rhm Orhgedsec fi _dfhm. Ig isi priedsc nc nig tc, im \irû tuvc sditi prisdfigtis sd numtègics;

Uhgth Eruz, prctie tcr fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg1 Bhnh rrh, prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh piruhgh risurrieth1Crji bcsc, prisdfigti fim Is thfc Gcrti1 Zdvh-Hbýirc, gcn jrhfc pcr Uhgth Eruz phrh isi ndsncehrbc hm shjir mh fioieedõg fi Crji bcsc1 \îc Vrdstèg, prisdfigti fim Isthfc Uur1 Gditc, qui pcrig tcgeis `h eîh ecrrirîhs pcr im gcrti, ecg fis phe`cs fi kioi su pri nc ix pi fdfcs pcr Crji bcsc yqui , nhm riedjdfc ig \du rh y hjhgfc ghfc pcr sus trc phs, tuvc qui si budr h Buhyhqudm1 y _dfhm. Istiheiptõ, pcr odg, imdndghfc Cr ji bcsc, ug mubhr ig im ikäredtc fi mh Zisthurhedõg.

FDOÎEDM UDVYHEDÕG FI BHNHZZH IG MDNH. MH @CUVDMDFHF FI MCU IPVZHG KIZCU T, IG IU\I EDHM, FIM HBIGVI JZDVÈGDEC JIMOCZF @DGVCG RDMUCG.- Ig Mdnh, imbcjdirgc fi Bh nh rrh horcgtõ si rdhs fdodeumthfis ecg mcs hbigtis fdpmcnè tdecs, kiois fi mhs iseuh-frhs dgbmish, orhgei sh y gcrtih ni rdehgh y mcs ecnir edhgtis ix trhg kircs. Ecnc ri pri shmdh, vdgc imfi eri tc fi 5< fi ce tujri fi 8050 ni fdhgti im euhm quifõ prc `djdfc, fi heuir fc ecg mh Ecgs-tdtuedõg fi 8056, im ecnir edc hm pcr nigcr fi qudi gis gc ouirhg piruhgcs, mc euhm dnpmdeõ mhemhusurh fi nu e`hs tdigfhs y hmnh ei gis fi vig th hm fithmmi. Hgti mh ecgnc edõg susedthfh pcris th ni fdfh, immh oui rivcehfh. \i rc fi h`î gc vdgc ug emdnh hphedjmi.

Oui mhrbh mh sirdi fi ri emhnh edcgis y ecgomdetcs. Nuy gctcrdc si `dzc pcr mh hbrisdvdfhf fi susecnu gdehedcgis y mh drrdthedõg cstig sdjmi ig sus hetdtufis Jimocrf @dgtcg Rdmscg, igehrbhfc figi bcedcs fi Brhg Jrithøh. Igtri mhs ecshs qui nès mi priceuphrcg is tuvdircg mh ixdstig edh ig imehstdmmc fi Mh Dgfi pig fig edh fim Ehmmhc fi ugh brhg ehgtdfhf fi nir ehfi rîhs pirti gi edigtis, igsu nh ycr phrti, h mh ehsh fi Bdjjs Ercwsmy y Edh., y im fhøc ivdfig ti phrh immhs sd irh hshmthfc isipuir tc pcr im ikäredtc ris thurhfcr. Bhnh rrh, ecg phedigedh, crfi gõ qui si `h jdmdthrh ig E`c rrdmmcsug fi põsdtc phrh hmnh ei ghr fde`c nh ti rdhm.

"MHU _ÎU\I ZHU UDEDMDHGHU" T IM EHJHMMC FIM FCEVCZ NHE MIHG.- \i rdõfdehs vieishthehrcg h mcs ixtrhg kircs. Vhnjdäg edreumhrcg `c khs suimths ecg dbuhm tigfig edh. Ygh fi immhsdgemuyõ orhsis ecnc mhs sdbudigtis; "Mcs dgbmisis y orhgei sis fis puäs fi `h jir ecg virtdfc ig ugis qui mitc h guis trh ghedõg trhjh khg dgei shgti nig ti pcr hghrqudzhrgcs phrh vcmvirgcs h ig tri-bhr h Uhgth Eruz"… "Mcs dgbmisis y orhgei sis si `hg mmivhfc h su phîs tcfhs guis trhs rdqui zhs y,ecnc `h jäds phmphfc, ndsi rhjmis nhrdgi rcs scg fui øcs yh fi mcs nès priedcscs dgti ri sis fim\i rû y hug fi guis trhs ji mmizhs"… "¡Mdni øcs, priphrhf vuis trhs hrnhs phrh ripi tdr ecg immcs mhsvîspi rhs sdedmdhghs!".

Ecg mhs fcs ûmtdnhs phmhjrhs hmufîhg h mh nhthgzh fi mcs orhgei sis mmivhfh h ehjc pcr mcssdedmdhgcs ig 8:0: h ehu sh fi mhs vi khedcgis y vdcmigedhs fi Ehrmcs fi Hg kcu. Im mugis fi \hs euh,

ndig trhs mhs ehnphghs tcehjhg h vîspi rhs, sujmivèrcgsi mcs `hjdthgtis fi hqui mmh dsmh y nhthrcgh tcfcs mcs orhgei sis qui ri sdfîhg hmmî.Rdmscg prcvceõ, origti h is th `c kh, ugh riugdõg fi tcfc im euirpc ecgsumhr ecg mh odghmdfhf

fi prc tis thr hgti im Bcjdirgc y `heirmc rispcgshjmi fi mh ehnphøh ecgtrh mcs ixtrhg kircs. Yghviz nès, Bhnh rrh supc ivdthr im e`cqui.

Im dgedfig ti ig tri im näfdec is eceäs Budmmirnc Nhe Mihg y ug scmfhfc qui dgtig tõ eun pmdrmh crfig fi ri qudshr mcs ehjh mmcs fi mcs vdh kircs sdg phshpcrtis, mc ecgvdrtdõ Rdmscg ecnc ughcoigsh h Brhg Jrithøh i `dzc ig trhr ig heedõg h mhs ouirzhs ghvhmis jrdtègdehs pcrqui gc eri yõheip thjmi mh gibhtdvh h ehstdbhr sdg sunh rdc y ecgcedndig tc fi mcs `i e`cs h hquim scmfhfc. Im



86?







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


ec nc fc rc Zcss sdtuõ h ugh orh bhth y h ugh ecr ji th qui äm nhg fh jh h mcs ecsthfcs fim jhr ecpi ruhgc Mdjir thf nhg fh fc pcr Ehr mcs Bhreîh fim \cs tdbc y mi igvdõ ugh gcth ig mh euhm mi cjmdbhjh h pir nh gi eir dgnõ vdm `hsth ri edjdr mhs shtdsoheedcgis ixd bdfhs. Rdmscg oui dgocrnh fc fi qui\cs tdbc, eu yc vhmcr tini rhrdc si ecg sdfi rhjh bi gi rhmnig ti ec nc hmbc dgfdseutdjmi, `h jîh ri ed-jdfc õr fi gis ig im sig tdfc fi qui, sd sus eh øc gis irhg dn pc tig tis ph rh `h eir si ris pi thr fi mhs

ghvis dgbmishs, pusdirh ouibc h mhUhgth Jèr jh rh phrh vcmhr kugtc ecg immhs. Zcss crfi gõ ig tcg eisim ritdrc fi sus ju quis. Im dgedfig ti hmri fi fcr fim eh jh mmc fim fcetcr Nhe Mihg ecg emuyõ nèsthrfi ni fdhgti ugh trhg sheedõg.

@ujc nu e`cs ctrcs ri emhncs, dg emusdvi ri mhedcgis ecg mh hf ndgdstrhedõg fi kus tdedh ig imehsc fim rc jc `i e`c pcr ug in pmihfc fim ec nir edhgti jrd tègdec Fhmtcg qui Rdmscg thn jdäghn phrõ ig ocr nh dgsumthgti ph rh hqui mmh.

Bhnh rrh odrnõ ecg im bi gi rhm Jumgis ugh ecg vig edõg ndmdthr fi suj sdfdcs, pcr mh euhm im \irûqui fõ cjmdbhfc h prc pcr edcghr h E`dmi mcs rieurscs fi tc fc bä gi rc qui irhg gi ei shrdcs phrh mhscpi rhedcgis fi mh bui rrh y h `heir im phbc fi mcs bhs tcs fi immh dgemuyig fc im omiti fi dfh y vuim-th fi mcs trhgs pcr tis y mcs suimfcs, `h ji ris y vis tuhrdc. H mh viz, gcnjrõ bi gi rhm ig kioi fimikäredtc ugdfc (¡ec nc sd `u jdi rh pc fdfc `h eir ctrh ec sh!) hm bigi rhm Jumgis, y si ri sir võ im puis-tc fi fd rie tcr fi mh bui rrh (8: fi ce tu jri).

Mh ehpturh fi Mdnh fis puäs fi ugh mu e`h ecg mcs pi ruhgcs `h jîh fh fc ugh dn pc pumhrdfhfdgdedhm hm ikäredtc ris thurhfcr. Mhs ipdfi ndhs, mhs ncgtc gi rhs, mhs fdodeumthfis ph rh im hprcvdsdcgh-ndig tc erih rcg hfdedcghmis ohetc ris fis ohvcrhjmis. \i si h `h jir si dgdedhfc im hsi fdc fim Ehmmhc, gcoui ehp turhfh is th pmhzh. Uhgth Eruz, euycs ikäredtcs `h jîhg cj ti gdfc yh ji mmhs vdetc rdhs scjri mcshrbig tdgcs ig Druyh (88 fi ku gdc fi 8050) y Ncg ti gi brc (:6 fi ku gdc fi 8050) hvhg zõ sc jri Mdnh.H prdgedpdcs fi gc vdin jri si `h mmhjh h fcs kcr ghfhs fi mh ehpdthm ecg nès fi sids ndm `cn jris.

HEVDVYF FI UHGVH EZY[ HGVI IM \IZÛ T JCMD _DH IG 8050.- Mh riheedõg fim gcrti fim\i rû ecg trh mh dgtir vig edõg jc mdvdhgh, mh fiedfdfh he tdtuf fi E`d mi y, scjri tc fc im fdsbus tc quiig Jc mdvdh prcfu kc im phetc fi Vhe gh, susedthrcg ug ehn jdc ig im pig shndig tc pc mîtdec fi Uhg thEruz. \h rh irdbdr mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, is fi edr, phrh eun pmdr su vhstc sui øc fi phg-pi ruhgdfhf,`h jîh fi scîfc vc eis prhb nè tdehs y mdndthfhs. Hmbu gh fi immhs, inhghfhs fi sd guc scs pc mîtdecsfim hmtdpmhgc y fi bi gi rhmis rufcs, mi hecg si khrcg qui si ecg tig thrh ecg hfdedcghr hm tirrdtc rdcfi Jc mdvdh ugh zcgh prc pdedh fim mdtc rhm piruhgc, ig tri Vhrhpheè y Nc qui buh. Ctrhs, ig tri mhseuhmis gc ohmthrcg mhs fi hmbu gcs sur-pi ruhgcs hgèr qudecs, prc yie thrcg mh erihedõg fi ug Is thfcdgfi pig fdig ti ig im \i rû fim sur.

Hm vir, puis, mcs cjstèeumcs qui si heu nu mhjhg ecg trh mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, Uhgth Eruz ri tcr gõ,h ni fdhfcs fim tcr nig tc sc høc fi 8050, h mcs pmhgis ei sdcgdsths qui fi si e`h rh ig sus trdug oh-mis høcs fi 805? y 8052. Mh ousdõg ig tri im sur fim \i rû y Jc mdvdh, corieîh im dgecg vi gdigti (emhrh-nig ti vdstc ig mh ecrris pcg fig edh igtri Uhgth Eruz y im vdeiprisdfigti Ehm vc), fi qui im ti rrdtc-rdc suf-pi ruhgc, ti gîh, fis fi im pug tc fi vds th iec gõndec, bic brèodec y fi mh pc jmhedõg, ughdnpcr thgedh nhycr qui mh fi Jc mdvdh. Ig su ehrth h Ehmvc, oie`h fh im :? fi si tdin jri fi 8050 ig

im Euzec, fi eîh Uhgth Eruz; "Ecgvig bc ig qui mh ousdõg fim sur (fim \i rû) ecg Jc mdvdh gc sirèhehsc ecg vi gdig ti1 pi rc hm odg qudirc shjir euèm is im phrtdfc hm qui Yf. si dg emdgh, ig im ehscfis `h eir si mh Ecgoifi rhedõg. Mh dgfi pig fig edh fim sur, h mh euhm istcy fdrdbdigfc tc fhs ndsni fdfhs, erihg fc dg ti ri sis prc pdcs, is vir fhf, mc qui nès ecg vdigi h mh sibu rdfhf fi Jc mdvdh1sdigfc isi nds nc im risumthfc nès edir tc fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, sd furhsi hmbugcs høcs. Nhs, ig isiehsc, ³ri gug edhrîhncs h tc fh dgfin gdzhedõg pcr tc fcs guis trcs sh erdodedcs3 Hrdeh si rîh ug juigecn pig shtdvc, pi rc dn pc sdjmi fi cj ti gir pcr vc mugthf. Ig qui rdigfc tc nhr mc pcr mh ouirzh,tig frîh ncs qui mu e`hr ctrh viz, fhg fc, sdg fu fh ug juig nc tdvc ph rh mh riugdõg fim \i rû, hm quisdin pri fi ji ncs cpc gir gcs ec nc hm nh ycr fi guis trcs igi ndbcs".

Ui fdUuimvi mhOifirhedõg fi\rcvdgedhU ugdfhU

fi eigtrc hnärdeh,Ocrnhfh ig 80:6\cr gdehrhbuh,

@cgfurhU, imUhmvhfcr,

buhtinhmh y ecUth

rdeh. trhU UuOrdr fihghrquîh y buirrhedvdm, gdehrhbuh Ui

fiemhrh ”mdjri,Ucjirhgh i

dgfi\igfdigti fitcfc ctrc \cfir„.

5<hjrdm8050

gdehrhbuh



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


Isi oui im sigtdfc fi mhs ecgvcehtcrdhs h sigfhs hshn jmihs ig Mdnh y Euzec, ig rie tdodehedõgfi mh ecgvcehtcrdh `ie`h phrh Hriqudph. \i rc, hgtis qui gh fh, fi jîh hehjhr ecg im pimdbrc ripri-sig thfc pcr mcs dgvhscris. \hrh immc `dzc h Crji bcsc prcni shs qui ecgtrhfi eîhg sus hgi mcsîgtdncs ohvcrhjmis h mcs fisics qui isti sdn jc mdzhjh h ohvcr fi mh dgfi pig fig edh piruhgh1 ycj tuvc, hm odg, im hpcyc fim dgocrtughfc bc jir ghgti fim Ehmmhc.

UHGVH EZY[ IG MDNH.- Im ikäredtc ris thurhfcr, fdiznh fc pcr mhs igoirni fhfis, is ehsc firieurscs, ecn jh tdfc pcr mcs ncgtcgi rcs, rcfih fc fi is pîhs, cfdhfc ehfh fîh nès pcr sus ix tcr-sdcgis, fi edfdõ ritdrhrsi h Hgeõg, E`hgehy y @uhe`c y fi hmmî h mh sdirrh fim gcrti, hm Ehmmi kõg fi@uhymhs (0 fi gcvdinjri). Mh vhgbuhrfdh shgtheruedgh igtrõ h Mdnh im 8< fi gcvdinjri y im \rctie-tcr oui riedjdfc ig hpc tic sds, brhedhs hm ehnjdc fi mh ecrrdigti pc pumhr, fijdfc h mcs suei scs riedig-tis. Im bigi rhm Ncrèg mi pdfdõ qui mc fi khrh pirsibudr h mcs oubdtdvcs "¡Nhøhgh, Ncrèg, nhøhgh!"euig th C—Ecggcr qui ri pusc Uhgth Eruz. Hehsc pig sõ ig qui E`dmi `hrîh mh phz. Im ikäredtc e`dmigcpufc rih mdzhr mdjri nig ti mhs cpirhedcgis fi riin jhrqui h ecrth fdsthgedh fim igindbc.

IMDNDGHEDÕG FI CZJI BCUC.- Crji bcsc mmibõ h pujmdehr ugh prcemhnh fcg fi fi eîh; "Imbi gi rhm Uhgth Eruz igbhøhfc ig mcs prdni rcs nc nig tcs pcr sus sdecohgths phri edõ cjrhr ecgtrhguis trh vcmugthf yh prcgugedhfh y ecgtrh guistrcs dgti ri sis. \i rc `h hrrc khfc mh vigfh quieujrîh sus ckcs y ecgcedfc guis trh nc fi rhedõg y guistrh kustdedh. Uus ûmtdncs fc eunig tcs mcecn prui jhg1 ni `h is erdtc phrtdeumhrnig ti ecg oie`hs 80 y :< fi si tdin jri hsi burègfc nipcr su `c gcr qui gc tdigi dgti räs hmbugc ig scs ti gir gdgbûg sdsti nh qui gc pui fh sir scs ti-gdfc pcr mcs puijmcs y qui istè ohstdfdhfc fi sus ecn prcndscs1 qui ecn jh tdfcs qui sihg mcsigi ndbcs prcei fi rincs h ig tig fir gcs rhedcghmnig ti… y, ûmtdnh nig ti, qui is tè nuy ecg vi-gdfc ecg tc fcs mcs hrtîeumcs fi nd fiemhrhedõg fi oi pcmîtdeh fi 8¼ fi si tdin jri y fi edfdfc h quisi riû gh mh ripri sig thedõg ghedcghm muibc fi qui si `h yh hrrc khfc h mcs dgvhscris".

Ecg im pritixtc fi qui djh h fhr mh jhthmmh h mcs risthurhfc ris, Uhgth Eruz pdfdõ h Crji bcsctrcphs ecg ce`c fi mcs ehøcgis qui buhr gi eîhg mcs ouirtis. Crji bcsc ig vdõ mcs riouirzcs hmnhg fõ fim ecrcgim Buhrfh, yh imivhfc hm rhgbc fi bi gi rhm pcr im \rctie tcr. "\i rc muibc quiis ths ouirzhs phshrcg h pcfir fi Uhg th Eruz ―fd kc Crji bcsc― ni nhg fõ fie dr im 8¼ fi gcvdin-jri qui äm eriîh qui tcfcs sus ecn prcndscs qui fhjhg eun pmdfcs ecg mh riugdõg qui `hrîh fifcs hshn jmihs ig im sur y gcrti fim \i rû fis puäs fi qui vig edirh h mcs dgvhscris y qui, ig euhg-tc h mcs finès pug tcs, gc eriîh ecgvigdigti eun pmdrmcs. @dzc dr, igsi budfh, hm ehstdmmc hm ndsnc kioi qui yc `h jîh ri ndtdfc ecg mh trcph, ig emhsi fi bc jir ghfcr".

Crji bcsc, hsî imdndghfc, ri edjdõ mh gctdodehedõg fi qui is thjh ig mdjir thf phrh pirnh gi eir igim phîs c fdrdbdrsi hm ixtrhg kirc. Ig is ti ûmtdnc eh sc si mi prcpcredcghrîh ug juqui y si mi phbhrîh susuimfc. Dgfdbghfc jus eõ rioubdc ig mh orhbhth orhgei sh Hgfrcnä fi y fis fi hmmî hnighzõ ecg pujmd-ehr fceunig tcs fi Uhgth Eruz, fhøcscs phrh isti y qui `h jîh ri sirvhfc "phrh ecgsirvhr su pris-tdbdc ec nc hni rdehgc, ecnc ki oi y ecnc hnd bc". \cr ni fdc fi Bhreîh fim Zîc mi scmdedtõ Uhgth Eruz

ugh igtri vdsth qui tu vc mubhr ig mh Hgfrcnä fi y furõ nès fi euh trc `c rhs. Gc tuvc immh risumthfcohvcrhjmi1 y Crji bcsc vdh kõ ig ugh bcmith nir ehgti h Buhyhqudm (6 fi fdedin jri).

MH \HVäVDEH ODBYZH FI CZJI BCUC.- Crji bcsc `hjîh sdbgdodehfc dgdedhmnig ti ugh rihe-edõg ecgtrh im ehufdmmh ki ndmdthr y hutcrdthrdc bhnh rrdsth ecg oirvcrcsc sig tdfc pc pumhr y mdji rhm.Ui sdgtdõ htrhîfc nès thr fi h mhs dfihs fi hmbugcs oifi rhmdsths fim sur1 y, ig ugh hgbustdhfh sdtuh-edõg origti hm pcfir eri edigti fi Uhmhvirry ig im gcrti y origti hm dgndgig ti ri bri sc fi Bh nh rrh,pdfdõ mh hmdhgzh fi Uhgth Eruz y ohedmdtõ su dgtir vigedõg. Uieuhz prcndgig ti fi immh, vdc riecrthfh

CZJIBCUC, HIMDNDgHFCZIEDJDÕ MHgCVDoDEHEquI IUVHJH MDJIZVHF \\IZNHgIEIZ IIM \HîU CFDZDBDZUIIxVZHgKIZC

IUVI ÛMVDNEHUC UI MI\ZC\CZEDCgug JuquI T UI\HBHZîH UuUuIMFC.DgFDBgHFCJuUEÕ ZIouBIg MH oZHBoZHgEIUHHgFZCNäFI TFIUFI HMMîHNIgHzÕ EC\uJMDEHZFCEuNIgVCUUHgVH EZuz



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


U`hgrcea y \i rû. Mcs ecrshrdcs mcbrhrcg qui, pcr ecrtc tdin pc, si suspig fdirh im jmcquic fimEhmmhc, hprishrcg hmbugcs trhgspcrtis igi ndbcs y si hpcfi rhrcg ig Uupi fim jir bhgtîg Hriqud- piøc sdg fdsphrhr ug tdrc.

Im 8: fi igi rc fi 8054, h ug høc kus tc fim fi Dsmhy, si prcfu kc im ecnjh ti fi Ehs nh. @heîhgig is th ehmith prcvdsdõg fi miøh mcs jhrecs e`dmigcs Ecgoifi rhedõg (hm nhgfc fim ecnhg fhg ti

Zcjir tc Udnpscg),Uhgth Eruz y _hmh phrhîsc, y im trhgspcrti Dshjim euhgfc oui rcg hthehfcs pcrmcs ecrshrdcs Hriqud piøc, If ncgf , Ni xdehgh y \i rû. Oui ug ecnjh ti mhrbc y igehrgdzhfc quipri sig tõ im euhfrc fi ug `h edghndig tc fi ju quis ecg ougfdfcs. Jmhge`it nu rdõ, im Hriqud piøc oui rieupi rhfc pcr mcs e`dmigcs y mc qui scjrõ fi mcs ecrshrdcs, si ritdrõ sdg qui sus hfvirshrdcspufdirhg pirsi budrmcs, puis mhs hvirîhs fi immcs mcs cjmdbhrcg h pirnh gi eir vhrdcs fîhs ig Ehs-nh. Uids fîhs fispuäs vdgc mh jhthmmh Tugbhy.

MH ODGHMDFHF FI MH ZIVDZHFH FIM IKäZEDVC ZIUVHYZHFCZ. HEVYHEDÕG FIBHNHZZH.- Mcs risthurhfc ris si ec mcehrcg ig im Ehmmi kõg fi @uhymhs y fifdeèrcgsi h hprcvd-sdcghrsi y ricrbhgdzhrsi, ndig trhs mcs jhthmmcgis pi ruhgcs ecn pmithjhg sus ioie tdvcs ig imfi phrthnig tc fi Mh Mdjir thf. Mh ecrrispcgfig edh hutõbrhoh qui fi Bhnh rrh si ecgsirvh ig mhJdjmdcti eh Ghedcghm fi Mdnh, dgfdeh qui fi äm oui mh fdrieedõg fi mhs cpirhedcgis y qui dn pdfdõqui ecg tdguhrh mh ritdrhfh nès hmmè fim fiphrthnig tc fi @uhymhs. Is scrprig fig ti qui `h yhqudig tcfhvîh gdibui is tc. Uus ehrths h Mh Ouigti fi :9, :? y :4 fi fd edin jri `hg sdfc edthfhspcr im hutcr fi is ti mdjrc ig su kuvigdm trhjh kcMh dgdedhedõg fi mh Zi pûjmdeh (_cm. DD, Mdnh, 84:4).Immc gc dnpmdeh gibhr c fi sis tdnhr im hpcrti e`dmigc. Irh ghturhm qui fdrdbdirhg mhs cpirhedcgisqudigis ec gceîhg im tirrdtcrdc y sus ehrheti rîstdehs. Im bigi rhm Jumgis fdc ig tc fh mh ehnphøhnuis trhs fi brhg vhmcr, `hjdmdfhf y shbhedfhf, euhmdfhfis qui gc sdin pri hgfhg kugths1 y suikäredtc ecn jh tdõ ecg brhg figui fc y fi ncs trõ gcthjmi ispîrdtu fi sh erdodedc.

Mh odghmdfhf isig edhm fi mh ritdrhfh hm Ehmmi kõg fi @uhymhs oui mh fi jusehr ug tirrigc quipir ndtdirh ugh jui gh fi oigsh y qui ecgthsi ecg vhstcs ri eurscs, eireh, hfinès, fim rhfdc ficpi rhedcgis fi mh iseuhfrh y cjmdbhgfc h Uhgth Eruz h phshr mh ecrfdmmirh, h hmi khrsi fi sus mîgihsfi ec nu gdehedcgis y fi tc fh dgomuigedh pirscghm scjri im sur. Gc irh ugh oubh ecjhr fi gd ughedibh kubhfh. Bhnh rrh quirîh ispi rhr hm igindbc ig ug ti rrigc jus ehfc pcr äm y hthehfc ig imnc nig tc ecgvigdigti.

IM H_HGEI FI UHGVH EZY[. JYÎG.- Uhgth Eruz, qui `hjîh fi shprcvie`hfc mh cpcrtugd-fhf fi jh tdr h sus hfvirshrdcs euhgfc ivh euhrcg Mdnh, ig viz fi is pi rhr isth viz, hprisurõ mhpir si euedõg fi immcs. Hphrti fi ecg sdfi rhedcgis is trhtäbdehs, scjri äm dgomuyircg mhs hmhrnhg tisgctdedhs qui mmibhjhg sc jri dgndgig tis sujmivhedcgis ig Jc mdvdh y im fisic fi hfi mhgthrsi hmhrrdjc fi ugh fd vdsdõg e`dmigh fi ri ouirzc.

Hnjcs ikäredtcs tcnh rcg ecgthetc ig im ecnjh ti fi Juîg, im ? fi igi rc fi 8054, hmri fi fcrfim puigti prdgedphm qui eruzh im rîc fi isi gcn jri, homuigti fim ehufhmcsc Uhgth. Oui ug

ig euig trc ig tri mh rithbuhrfdh fi mcs risthurhfc ris y mhs trcphs fi Uhgth Eruz, ig im qui istigc mmibõ h scrprig fir hm igindbc gd h ehpturhr im puigti.

TYGBHT.- Mcs risthurhfc ris si `h jîhg ecg eig trhfc ig im sietcr gcrti fim Ehmmi kõg fi @uhy-mhs, ecg mc euhm igtri bhrcg h mcs ecgoifi rhfcs ehsd tcfh mh ribdõg. Uhgth Eruz si fi tuvc igEhr uhz, ndig trhs sus hfvirshrdcs isthjhg ig Uhg Ndbuim fimhgti fi Eh rhz, crbhgdzhgfc pc sd-edcgis fi oigsdvhs. Uids fîhs pirnh gi edircg hsî, `hsth qui ig ugh kugth fi bui rrh ioietuhfh igim ehnphnig tc ris thurhfcr fi Uhg Ndbuim im 82, si fiedfdõ pcr ughgdndfhf (si bûg fdei im

MH oDgHMDIUIgEDHM FZIVDZHFH HEHMMIKÕg @uHTMHU oFI JuUEHZ uVIZZIgC quI\IZNDVDIZHJuIgH FIoIgUquI ECgVHU

ECg _HUVCUZIEuZUCU, EHFIN U, FIMZHFDC FIC\IZHEDCgIUMH IUEuHFZCJMDBHgFCUHgVH EZuz\HUHZ MHECZFDMMIZHMIKHZUI FMîgIHU FIECNugDEHET FI VCFHDgoMuIgEDH\IZUCgHM UIM UuZ.



”Mh virfh fi rh ehush fi mh buirrh ig triE`dmi y im \irû is mh figugedh pcr phr-ti fim \i rû, im høc phshfc, fim trhthfc

ecnir edhm igtri hn jcs Is thfcs, im euhmfh jh h E`dmi ugh sirdi fi vig th khs ecnir-edhmis h ecsth fi su ec nir edc ixti rdcrfdrie tc fim \i rû. Is ti trh thfc oui rh tdodeh-fc pcr Uh mhvirry ig 8059, pi rc hgumhfcpcr Crji bcsc, c, ni kcr fde`c, pcr UhgthEruz ig im høc 805?. Im ix ndgdstrc fiHsugtcs Ix ti rdcris i Dgti rdcris fi E`d mi,si øcr \cr thmis ―jh kc euyc bc jdir gc `hhunig thfc gc thjminig ti ig E`d mi imjdi gis thr, y h euyhs heirthfhs y mdji rhmisfdspcsdedcgis ri mhtdvhs hm ecnir edc fi ji_hmphrhîsc su rèpdfc fi shrrcmmc y hetuhmdnpcr thgedh― gc pcfîh vir ecg dgfdoirig-edh hm \irû sheufdrsi im yubc ec nir edhmqui `h jîh sh jdfc dn pcgir hm phîs ecghyufh fi mcs `hs th h`c rh pcec pri vdsc-ris y mmigcs fi pri kudedcs bcjdir gcs fim\i rû. Vhnpcec pc fîh äm sdg eimcs pirsc-ghmis vir bcjir ghr ig im \i rû h ug `cn-jri qui, phr tdigfc fi mcs nds ncs pru-fig tis prdgedpdcs, `h ecmcehfc yh h Jc md-vdh ig ug isthfc fi omcri edndig tc y qui,hm ndsnc tdin pc qui in pi zhjh h hyu-fhr hm \irû h vig eir su fi jdmdfhf ec nir-edhm giei shrdhnig ti fi jîh ecg immc rifu-edr mh supi rdcrdfhf qui E`d mi si `hjîh

hrrcbhfc sc jri im `hs th h`c rh picrbc jir ghfc phîs vi edgc. Mh dnpcr thgedhfi _hmphrhîsc ecnc puir tc fi fi põsdtcphrh ehsd tcfh mh ecsth ceedfig thm fiUufh nä rdeh gi ei shrdhnig ti `h jîh fifdsndgudr thg prcgtc bc zhsig fi is thvig th kh ctrcs puir tcs y nuy is pi edhm-nig ti im fim Ehmmhc, qui is sdg pugtc fiecn phrhedõg ug puirtc ni kcr qui im fi_hmphrhîsc. (...) Ecnc \cr thmis tigîh nèsouirzh ig E`dmi, c ni kcr fde`c, nh ycrphrtdfc ig im phîs, qui im ndsnc pri sd-fig ti, fi emhrõ mh buirrh h Uhgth Eruz, yti gîh yh mh ixpi fdedõg mdsth phrh zhrphrfi _hmphrhîsc, euhgfc oui `i e`c prdsdc-gi rc y ousdmhfc pcr im kioi fi mhs trcphsri jimfis. Is th bui rrh thg fis brh edhfhphrh hn jcs Is thfcs, tir ndghrè, pcr ecg-sdbudigti, prcg tc, yh qui ig E`d mi `hixdstdfc sdin pri ug ouir ti phr tdfc ecg-trh mh ndsnh, y puis tc qui Uhg th Eruz, cim \irû, `h `i e`c pcr su phr ti tc fc mcpcsdjmi phrh ivdthrmh, gc fisihg fc gh fhni kcr qui mh phz ph rh ocnig thr im ecnir-edc y ni kcrhr mhs nhmhs odghgzhs„.

Fi ”Mh Zipûjmdeh \i rujc mdvdhgh„. IgHmjir tc Vhurc, _dh kircs ig im \i rûri pujmdehgc , Mdnh; YGNUN, 84?2, pp.60-64.

EHZM HuBuUVBCUUIMNHg ouI ug

NHZDgC UuIECIg_DHFC H

UuFHNäZDEH \CZUu BCJDIZgC \HZHDgoCZNHZUI UCJZI

\CUDJDMDFHFIU

ECNIZEDHMIU IgMHU guI_HU

ZI\ÛJMDEHU. Ig8052 MMIBÕ HM

\IZÛ, FIKHgFCVIUVDNCgDC FI UuU

DN\ZIUDCgIUHEIZEH FI MH

ZIEDägDgUVHuZHFH

ECgoIFIZHEDÕg\IZÛ-JCMD_DHgH.

ug VIUVDNCgDC UuIEC UCJZIMH ECgoIFIZHEDÕg

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :5 89<



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


ecrcgim Hgtcgdc \mhsig edh ig im fdhrdc ndmdthr fi mh ehnphøh pujmdehfc ig 806<), tcnhr mh coig-sdvh ig vdsth fi mh isehsiz fi ri eurscs y fi vîviris. Im tistdnc gdc fi \mhsig edh gc oui rietdodehfcpûjmdehnig ti ig tcgeis. Udg injhr bc ig 8020 Bcgzhmc Jumgis hsi vi rõ qui mcs kiois piruhgcsouircg phrtdfh rdcs fi mh ritdrhfh hm fiphrthnig tc fi Mh Mdjir thf1 si ougfõ ig fi emhrhedcgisprdvhfhs fi nd mdthris e`dmigcs y ig ri euirfcs ohndmdhris.

Uhgth Eruz hvhgzõ phrh sdtuhrsi ig Tug bhy, ig hn jhs nèr bi gis fim rîc Hgehs`. Uus ouirzhssi htrdgeì rhrcg ig mh crdmmh nirdfdcghm fim rîc Hgehs`, qui is fi ouir ti pig fdigti, ig im eirrc\hg fi Hzû ehr, siphrhfc fi mh mîgih fi jh thmmh, y ig ctrh hmturh nès imivhfh mmhnh fh \ug yhg.Fis fi pc sdedcgis qui mi phri edircg dgixpubghjmis ispi rõ im hthqui fim hfvirshrdc fi qudigshjîh qui is thjh ig fis ohvcrhjmis ecgfdedcgis. Im ikäredtc ecgoifi rhm `h sdfc ehmeumhfc ig uggûni rc qui cs edmh igtri 6.<<< y ?.<<< `cnjris.

Dgdedhfh mh jhthmmh h mhs fdiz fi mh nhøhgh fim :< fi igi rc fi 8054, si fis pmibhrcg mhs ouir-zhs risthurhfcrhs hthehgtis euyhs euhtrc fdvdsdcgis ouircg nhg fhfhs pcr kiois piruhgcs (Vcrrd-ec, Imäspuru, _dfhm y Ehstdmmh). Isth ûmtdnh is thjh ocrnh fh pcr mh ehjh mmirîh. Mh mue`h si ecg eig trõ,prdni rc, ig im hvhgei fi mcs risthurhfc ris scjri im \hg fi Hzûehr y tirndgõ ecg mh ehpturh fiis th pcsdedõg eireh fi mhs cgei fi mh nhøhgh. Igtri mcs qui si fdstdgbudircg hmmî istuvc im jdzh-rrc ecrcgim piruhgc Kuhg Hgtcgdc Ybhrti eì. Ehrheti ris gc vimisecs pri sig tõ mh hetuhedõg fimh ehgtdgi rh e`dmigh shrbig tc Ehgfi mhrdh \äriz. Im bigi rhm Hgsimnc Xudrõs, kioi fi mhs ouirzhsfi oigscrhs fi \hg fi Hzû ehr, ehyõ prdsdcgi rc y oui ousdmhfc.

Ig si budfh si ecn jh tdõ ig mcs finès htrdgeì rhndig tcs fi Uhgth Eruz, hm ctrc mhfc fim jh rrhg-ec fim rdheùi mc Hgehs`. Im hthqui bi gi rhm fi mcs risthurhfc ris orhehsõ ig im hmh dzqudirfh y ig imeig trc. Uibûg mh virsdõg qui fdc Kuhg Buhmjir tc _hmfdvdh tris vieis (ig ugh ehrth hm bigi rhm Jumgispujmdehfh ig Im Ecnir edc fim :0 fi si tdin jri fi 80?5, ig mh jdcbrhoîh fi Ehstdmmh qui dzc ifdthr igHriqudph ig 8025 y ig mdjrc Zivcmuedcgis fi Hriqud ph), Jumgis cr fi gõ mh ritdrhfh y Ehstdmmh si cpusch isth crfig. "Gc ì ncs vi gdfc h ec rrir", ixemhnõ. "Im fisodmhfi rc is nuy ouir ti (`h jrîh si budfcfdedigfc) y mh phnph nuy hge`h phrh pcfir mmibhr `hsth Uhg Ndbuim sdg sir firrcthfcs. Gc gcsqui fh, pcr ecgsdbudigti, ctrc ri eursc qui ocrnhr ug e`hr ec fi shg bri phrh qui si h`c bui ig ämecg gcsctrcs im ikäredtc fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg". Uibûg mh ndsnh vir sdõg, Ehstdmmh hecrfõ ecg Bhnh rrhqui isti ecg tdguhrh scsti gdägfc si y crfi gõ h Imäspuru, ecnhg fhgti fi ugh fi mhs fdvdsdcgis, y hOrdshge`c, kioi fi mh risirvh, qui hvhgzhrhg1 y fdrdbdigfc pir scghmnig ti h edgec is euhfrc gis fiehjh mmirîh, pufc ph shr h mh fisodmhfh im jhrrhgec, ecg mc euhm omhgquiõ mh mîgih igi ndbh y tuvc tdin-pc phrh ocrnhr si y hrrini tir ehsd h mh rithbuhrfdh fi mh fdvdsdõg Ncrèg, qui irh im jh muhrti nèsodrni fi mcs shgtheruedgcs. Im origti fi Uhg th Eruz gc `hjîh sdfc rc tc, pi rc pcfîh sir rcfih fc.Ncrèg pdfdõ riouirzcs, pirc fcs jh thmmcgis jc mdvdhgcs fi mh risirvh qui Uhgth Eruz nhgfõ ig suhuxdmdc, mcs gû nircs 8¼ y :¼, si gibhrcg h mue`hr, dgdedhrcg su ritdrhfh y ouircg sieugfhfcs pcr mcsMhgei rcs fi Jc mdvdh1 pcr mc euhm Uhg th Eruz igvdõ h su isecmth, qui prcgtc mmibõ h sir hrrcmmhfh yfis jh rhthfh pcr mhs trcphs risthurhfc rhs. Oui hsî, ecg ug fisjhg fi fi ouir zhs fi ri sirvh, qui mhfi rrcth fi Uhgth Eruz si hgugedõ. H mhs euhtrc fi mh thrfi, fis puäs fi edgec `c rhs, mh jhthmmh ecg-emuîh y mcs risthurhfc ris pir si buîhg ecg igshøhndig tc h mcs vigedfcs.

IM FIJHVI UCJZI TYGBHT.- Mh virsdõg fi _hmfdvdh, gcthjmi pcr `hjir sdfc dgsdstig ti, ecncqui fh fde`c, ig tris ceh sdcgis h mc mhrbc fi nès fi fdiz høcs, tu vc su ouig ti ig im tistdnc gdc fimprcpdc Ehstdmmh. Nhrdhgc Oimdpi \hz Ucmfèg mh heiptõ ig mc isigedhm. Gini sdc _hrbhs mh hecbdõ finc fc hgèmcbc, hugqui hodrnõ qui im fdèmcbc ig tri mcs fcs kiois gc tuvc mh brcsi rîh qui _hmfdvdh mihtrdju yõ y riecrfõ ugh gc th fim ndsnc Ehs tdmmh hm Bcjdirgc fi E`dmi fcgfi rdgfdõ, sdg thxhtdvh,`c ni gh ki h Jumgis. Im `dstcrdhfcr Bcg zhmc Jumgis, `d kc fim bigi rhm, trhtõ ig ocrnh fis pie tdvh h _hm-fdvdh y sd jdig gc gibõ qui ù jdi si `h jdfc nc nig tcs erîtdecs ig mh jhthmmh hm ritdrhrsi im jhthmmõge`dmigc \cr thmis y hm prcfu edr isti ì e`c "ug fi shmdigtc ecnu gdehfc ig mhs odmhs", pcr ctrh phrti fi kõ

HBC8050Qpirû

IM \ZIUDFIgVI\ZC_DUCZDCHBuUVîg BHNHZFIEZIVH IM UDVJMCquIC FI MHoCZVHMIzH FIMEHMMHC (ZIHMoIMD\I), quI UIIgECgVZHJH JHK

IM ECgVZCM FIFI 8.:<< UCMFHFECgoIFIZHFCU HNHgFC FIMECZCgIM NHguIFI MH BuHZFDH

58



896







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


pcr vig turh, gcs `h fhfc mhs brhedhs pcr mh shmvhedõg fi su ikäredtc y fi su gcn jri fi jdfh hgcsctrcs y h mh vdetcrdh fi Tugbhy3 Edirthnig ti pui fi fi edrsi h mh ohz fim nugfc qui mh ris-thurhedõg piruhgh y mh inpri sh fi E`dmi gc `hjrîhg ti gdfc ri sumthfcs sdg mcs isouirzcs fimbrhg nhrdsehm Bhnh rrh y fi mcs fi nès pi ruhgcs qui ecg äm ecnjh tdircg… Ig Nhtuehgh yTugbhy, ³euèmis `hg sdfc mcs `cn jris qui vir fh fi rhnig ti fdi rcg im trdugoc, qudägis mcs qui

dgncr thmdzhrcg sus ì e`cs3 Zieõrrhgsi ig mhs odmhs fi mh vdetcrdh mcs gcnjris fi Bh nh rrh, Imäs-puru, Ehstdmmh, Vcrrdec y fi ctrcs is emhriedfcs vhrcgis… Hm rieuir fc fi mhs vdrtufis, fim vhmcr,fi mh ecgsthgedh, fi mh ncrhmdfhf y fim ì rcîsnc fi mcs kiois piruhgcs fi jig mivhgthrsiecmunghs qui dgncr thmdeig sus gcn jris".

H pishr fi tc fhs sus rigfdfhs ix pri sdcgis fi brh tdtuf, hf ndrhedõg y ecrti shgîh, Bhnh rrhdgyietõ ig su nig sh ki hm Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc ug hgtîfc tc euhgfc, ig tri sus imcbdcs h Jum-gis, fd kc; "Ig su rhgbc fi bi gi rhm ig kioi fim ikäredtc ugdfc, buhrfõ hm kioi fi mh Hfndgdstrhedõgig ehrbhfc fi mh fdrieedõg fi mh buirrh, tcfcs mcs rispi tcs qui mh pcmîtdeh y mh sujcr fdghedõgndmdthr riqui rîhg".

MC \CUDVD _C IG MH HEVDVYF E@DMIGH FI 8054. GC UI H\CFI ZHZCG FI GHFH.- Ygh gcth fi Hgtcgdc Butdärriz fi mh Ouigti hm igehrbhfc fi gi bcedcs ig im Ieuhfcr yh edthfhhgtis pcr ctrcs nc tdvcs ixpri sõ; "Uhgth Eruz, Crji bcsc y mcs shtämdtis fi hn jcs fi jig ecg-ougfdrsi hm vir fisnig tdfcs sus hgugedcs scjri mh fcndghedõg e`dmigh euhgfc si phg qui, hodgis fim prisig ti nis, ri bri sh mh nhycr phrti fi su ikär edtc, sdg nès brhvhnig sc jri im \i rûqui im phbc fi hmbugcs ni sis fi suimfc1 qui h mcs 89 fîhs si injhrehrè im ristc1 y qui im Ecg-bri sc fi @uhgehyc si riu gdrè sdg qui `hyh ig im \irû gd ugh sc mh jhycgi th e`dmigh". Mcs e`dmi-gcs vig ei fc ris ig 8054 si cmvdfhrcg fi mhs dgstrueedcgis qui jh kc mh fdrie tdvh fi \cr thmis,ri edjdõ su ikäredtc vig edfc ig 8052; fhr h Jc mdvdh ug puirtc ig fis ni frc fim ti rrdtcrdc piruhgc.Nue`c si mis htheh ecnc pri eurscris fi mcs dgvhscris euhrig th høcs nès thrfi1 pi rc mc edirtcis qui fi khrcg hm \irû dgthetc ig 8054.

Ndigtrhs qui ig \cr thmis ougedcgõ ugh hetdtuf ri suimthnig ti hgtd-piruhgh qui fis puäs fimh vdetcrdh ig mh buirrh ecgtrh mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, ùjdi si trhthfc fi nu tdmhr c fi fistrudr euhm-qudir sîgtcnh fi eri edndig tc, fi shrrcmmc c prifc ndgdc outurc, ig mh Zipûjmdeh qui pc fîh sir imûgdec rdvhm fi E`dmi ig im sur fim \heîodec hni rdehgc, fis puäs fi qui äm ehyõ hsisdghfc, mh mue`hecgtrh Uhgth Eruz coriedõ ugh tõgdeh fdstdgth. Emhrc is tè qui im ikäredtc y mh nhrdgh e`dmigcsri edjdi rcg ug bi gi rcsc phbc ig fdgi rc. \i rc hfdedcghmis vigth khs ùjdi rh jusehfc im brhgis thfdsth hsisdghfc ig Xudmmcth ig ji gi odedc dgni fdhtc y ni fdhtc fi mh Zipûjmdeh qui äm crbh-gdzõ y mivhgtõ pcr ig ednh fi mhs ctrhs ig Hnärdeh Mhtdgh.

Gc cjs thgti mc qui si rieuir fh ig mcs pèrrhocs hgti rdcris, sd jdig mcs e`dmigcs gc si mmivhrcgfim \i rû nu tdmhedcgis ti rrdtcrdhmis ig ji gi odedcs fi Jc mdvdh c fim Ieuhfcr c fi immcs ndsncs, gdtrhthfcs ù ndmmhgtis, im äxdtc odghm ig mhs ehnphøhs risthurhfc rhs prcfu kc ugh dgtcxdehedõgghedcghmdsth qui mmibõ `hsth im hmnh fim pui jmc. Gc scmc ouircg ûgdehnig ti mcs fisodmis y mcsfdseurscs y mcs jhgqui tis. _dgdircg rcnhg eis pc pumhris, cjrhs fi tih trc, ougedcgis fi tî ti ris

dgspdrhfhs ig mh vdetcrdh. T surbdõ ug `dngc dgguni rhjmis vieis ri pi tdfc pcr nès fi ug sd bmc yqui h inc edcghfc h nu e`hs bi gi rhedcgis hs th qui nh fu rõ, pcr igednh fi is th scmdfhrdfhfvirtdehm, mh fdvdsdõg crdzcgthm erihfh pcr mh mue`h fi emhsis. Hquim dngc cmvdfh im hpcrti jä mdecy ùnh gc fi mcs piruhgcs y sus orhsis dgdedhmis fdei;

Ehgtincs mh bmcrdhfim trdugoc nhredhm qui im puijmc e`dmigccj tuvc ig Tugbhy.

MCU E@DMIgCU_IgEIFCZIU Ig

8054 UICM_DFHZCg FI

MHUDgUVZuEEDCgIU

quI JHKC MHFDZIEVD_H FI

\CZVHMIU,ZIEDJDÕ Uu

IKäZEDVC_IgEDFC Ig 8052;

FHZ H JCMD_DH ug\uIZVC Ig

FIUNIFZC FIMVIZZDVCZDC

\IZuHgC.



EH\ÎVYMC :6 ◃ D \õs tunhs y fc jmisbis tdcgis fi phz fi Uhg th Eruz hgti mcse`dmigcs y Bhnh rrh ◃ Mh shgedõg ecgtrhmcs ndmdthris qui gc phr tdedphrcg ig mhZisthurhedõg◃ Mh fistrueedõg fim pcfir

fi Uhgth Eruz ◃ Mcs prisdfig tis fi mhsZipûjmdehs Uur y Gcr-piruhghs ◃ DD Mhhetdtuf jrdtègdeh ohvcrhjmi h mh Ecgoi-fi rhedõg◃ DDD Mh ûmtdnh ix pi fdedõg fiUhgth Eruz.


Q VCNC : ^



Q:6^EH\ÎVYMC

IM FIZZuNJI FI MH ECgoIFIZHEDÕ



890 \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :6

Q D ^ÕUVYNHU T FCJMIU BIUVDCGIU FI \H[ FI UHGVH EZY[ HGVI MCU E@DMIGCU TBHNHZZH.- Ig ugh ehrth qui Uhgth Eruz fdrdbdõ h C—@dbbdgs fisfi Mdnh, h rhîz fi mh jhthmmh fiTugbhy, prcpusc ri tdrhrsi hm ctrc mhfc fim Fi shbuhfi rc ecg mhs trcphs fi su nhg fc qui fhg fcfdvdfdfhs mhs Zipûjmdehs Uur y Gcr-piruhghs. Ecg oie`h :0 fi igi rc, thn jdäg, fis fi Mdnh, ri nd-tdõ Uhgth Eruz hm prõeir e`dmigc ughs jhsis phrh mhs gibcedhedcgis "qui im Bcjdirgc fi E`d mipufdirh igthjmhr ecg im bigi rhm Uhgth Eruz". Fde`hs jh sis fi eîhg ig su hrtîeumc 8¼ qui im hunig-tc fi mhs ouirzhs fi Bhnh rrh `hrîh muibc fi isti ug picr igi ndbc fi E`d mi qui Uhgth Eruz. T imhrtîeumc :¼ ixpri shjh mc sdbudigti; "Ig is ti is thfc si pui fi cj ti gir qui Uhgth Eruz fisdsth fimh Ecgoifi rhedõg, quifhgfc dgfi pig fdigti Jc mdvdh y mcs Isthfcs fim Uur y fim Gcrti y riu gdäg-fc si im hgtdbuc \i rû ecnc irh hg tis fim høc 805?. Im prdnir phr tdfc ph riei nès ecg vigdigtiphrh qui gc ixdsth ug brhg pcfir rdvhm fi E`dmi qui thrfi c tin prhgc si rè su igi ndbc quiprcpig fi rè h mh vigbhgzh". Istcs fc eunig tcs ouircg ig ecgtrhfcs pcr _deuøh Nheaig gh ig mh`hedigfh Ncg thmjèg y pujmdehfcs pcr äm ig 8020.

\cr ctrh phrti, y ig ecg trhfdeedõg ecg mh hetdtuf hquî rivimhfh, Uhgth Eruz igvdõ fisfi Murîg,hpi ghs shmdfc fi Mdnh, ugh ehrth h Bhnh rrh pcr ni fdc fi Ieì gdqui. Mh rivimhedõg fi is tifc jmiz mh `hei im prcpdc Ieì gdqui ig sus ni nc rdhs, sdg ecgceir mcs trhtcs ecg C—@dbbdgs, Uhg-th Eruz prcpusc h Bhnh rrh mh ugdõg fi hnjcs ecg trh mcs e`dmigcs, fhr pcr tirndghfh mh Ecgoi-fi rhedõg y isthjmieir mh hndsthf y im ecnir edc igtri im \irû y Jcmdvdh, "ritdrègfc si äm fi ì e`c hJc mdvdh ecg su ikäredtc y ig tri bègfc mi im piruhgc qui hûg is tuvdirh jh kc sus õrfi gis pc gdägfc-mc h mhs õrfi gis fi qui äm gcn jrh rh". Uibûg Ieì gdqui, Bhnh rrh heiptõ, "puis, ig ioietc, is tèohstdfdhfîsdnc ecg mcs e`dmigcs pcrqui im scsti gir mcs irh ugh ehrbh nuy pi shfh phrh äm, h nèsfi sir mi fishbrhfh jmi im isthr scsti gdfc pcr immcs". \irc ehsd fi dgni fdhtc si supc qui mh Ecgoi-fi rhedõg si `hjîh fi rrun jh fc ig im sur.

MH UHGEDÕG ECGVZH MCU NDMDVHZIU XYI GC \HZVDED\HZCG IG MH ZIU VHYZH-EDÕG.- Ig Nhtuehgh im :9 fi nhrzc fi 8054, Bhnh rrh y su ndgdstrc Nhguim fi Nig fdju rufdircg ug fi eri tc pcr im qui jcrrhrcg fi mh mdsth ndmdthr h ugh sirdi fi kiois qui `h jîhg phrtd-edphfc ig mh Inhgedphedõg y ig mh kcrghfhs fi mcs prdni rcs høcs ripujmdehgcs. Ouircg mcsbrhgfis nh rdsehmis Budmmirnc Ndmmhr, Nhrdhgc Gieceìh, Kcsä fi mh Zdvh-Hbýirc y Jmhs Eirfi-

øh1 mcs bigi rhmis fi fdvdsdõg Orhgedsec fi \hu mh Ctirc, Muds Kcsä fi Cr ji bcsc y FcndgbcGditc1 y mcs bigi rhmis fi jrdbhfh Nhguim Hphrdedc, Kcsä Zdvhfi gidrh, Kuhg \hrfc fi [i mh,Fc ndgbc Vrdstèg y \i frc Jir nû fiz. Fi khrcg fi sir ecg sdfi rhfcs ig mh mdsth ndmdthr piruhgh mcsbi gi rhmis fi Jcmdvdh, Oimdpi Jrhug, Kcsä Jhmmdvdèg, Zhnõg @i rrirh, Orhgedsec Jurfitt C—Ecggcry euhmisqudirh ctrcs qui ecg nc tdvc fi mh ecgqudsth fi mh Zipûjmdeh ùjdi sig sdfc dgserdtcsig immh. Vcfcs mcs kiois y codedhmis h qudigis ecn prig fdirhg mhs edreugsthgedhs qui crdbdghrcgim fieri tc ri edjdi rcg mh ndsnh frès tdeh shgedõg.

Mh nifdfh irh tri nig fh1 y, ig im ehsc fi Fc ndgbc Gditc, qui gc `h jîh sir vdfc h mh Ecgoi-fi rhedõg, dghufdth.

\



sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


Isti fi eri tc oui rhtdodehfc y hn pmdhfc pcr mh miy fim Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc ixpi fdfh im 8:fi ce tujri fi 8054. Ctrc fi eri tc fi Bh nh rrh oie`hfc ig Vhrnh im 0 fi hjrdm fistdtuyõ, ig phr-tdeumhr, h Uhgth Eruz, fiemhrègfc mi igindbc fi mh phtrdh.

MH FIUVZYEEDÕG FIM \CFIZ FI UHGVH EZY[.- Im bigi rhm Kcsä Nhrîh _imhsec ig ehji zõmh sujmivhedõg ecgtrh Uhgth Eruz ig im sur fi Jc mdvdh hug hgtis fi ec gceirsi hmmî mh firrcth fiTugbhy. Im bigi rhm Jhmmdvdèg, h qudig mmibhrcg ig Mh \hz isths fcs gc tdedhs ehsd sdnumtègihnig ti,si sujmivõ ig ish edufhf, phrh fdrdbdrsi muibc h \ugc, y hmmî, ig ecg gdvigedh ecg im bigi rhm UhgZcnèg, qui `h jîh ri bri shfc fis puäs fi is thr ecgodghfc ig Mh \hz pcr `hjir ehî fc prdsdcgi rchgtis fi mh jhthmmh fi Thghece`h, si mmivõ mhs ouirzhs jcmdvdhghs. @hmmèjh si Uhgth Eruz ig Hriqud-ph, hfcgfi mmibõ im 88 fi oijri rc ig ehndgc h Jcmdvdh, euhgfc mmibõ h shjir thg dn pcrthgtishecgti edndig tcs y oui dgocrnh fc thn jdäg fi qui si pri phrhjh ug tunumtc pcpumhr. Im :< fioijri rc, ioietdvhnig ti, is thmmõ mh hscghfh y ig ugh thrfi fi mmuvdh, rhycs y fdsphrcs, fis puäs fifdndtdr im nhgfc, ig ug fc eunig tc qui ri euir fh mh hjfdehedõg fi Ghpcmiõg D, `uyõ Uhgth Eruzhm puirtc fi Dsmhy h pcgir si jh kc mh prctie edõg fim eõgsum dgbmäs Ercnptcg. Isti y mh nhrdgi rîhfi mh orhbhthUhnh rhgb, fi mh ndsnh ghedcghmdfhf, mc shmvhrcg euhgfc mmibõ ugh phrtdfh fi eh jh-mmirîh h prigfir mc. Ecg äm si injhrehrcg Zdvh-Hbýirc, Eirfi øh, Ndmmir y Bhreîh fim Zîc. Fî kcsi (yBhnh rrh mc ripdti ig su nig sh ki hgti im Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc) qui ig im ehndgc fi Dsmhy sihmc kõ ig im ndsnc hpc sig tc y si ri emdgõ scjri im ndsnc mie`c fcg fi is tuvdirh Uhmhvirry.

Mh pirsieuedõg ecgtrh mcs shgtheruedgcs oui dnpmhehjmi. Im bigi rhm _dfhm euigth ig sus ni nc-rdhs qui, sdigfc äm prioietc fim fi phrthnig tc fi Kugîg, si vdc cjmdbhfc, pcr isi nc tdvc, h in jhr-bhr h fcg Ndbuim Ctirc sus ndghs, hedigfhs, ni thmis y hzcbui, pcr vhmcr fi : ndmmcgis fi pi scs.

Vris brhgfis orhbnig tcs qui fhrcg fim ikäredtc shgtheruedgc ig im \i rû; mcs qui nhgfhjhg_dbdm, Ctirc y Ncrèg. Mhs ouirzhs fi _dbdm ig Ghzeh y mhs fi Ctirc ig Ecrhecrh si rdgfdircg. Im bigi-rhm Kuhg Erdsõstcnc Vcrrdec hvhgzõ pcr im sur ecg trcphs fi mh Zisthurhedõg1 pirpi trõ nûmtdpmistrcpi mîhs, igtri immhs ecni tdõ htigthfcs ecg trh mh prcpdifhf i `d zc fhr hzctis hm fdrietcr fi mh Ehshfi Nc gi fh fim Euzec pcrqui si gi bõ h igtri bhrmi ugh ehgtdfhf fi fd gi rc. Ncrèg ig im Ehmmhcodrnõ ugh `cg rcsh ehpdtumhedõg, pirc surbdõ ug nctîg igtri sus trcphs, scjri vdgc im shquic fi mcshmnh eigis fi mh hfuhgh y fi sin jhrehrcg nh rdgcs dgbmisis h risthurhr im crfig.

MCU \ZIUDFIGVIU FI MHU ZI\Û JMDEHU UYZ T GCZ-\IZYHGHU.- Mhs Zipûjmdehs Gcr-pi ruhgh y Uur-piruhgh irdbdfhs, ecnc si `h vdstc, im 82 fi nhrzc y im 88 fi hbcstc fi 805?,rispie tdvhnig ti, fi shphri edircg hm fdscmvirsi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh. \ri sdfig tis prc-vdscrdcs fim Isthfc Uur-piruhgc mmibhrcg h sir, suei sdvhnig ti pcr fi eri tc prctie tcrhm, \îc Vrdstègy im bigi rhm Zhnõg @irrirh, isti ûmtdnc e`d migc fi gh edndig tc. \ri sdfig ti fim Isthfc Gcr-pi-ruhgc oui Crji bcsc1 muibc si ig ehrbõ fim nhgfc ug Ecg si kc fi Ndgdstrcs1 nès thrfi gui vh-nig ti Crji bcsc, h qudig Uhgth Eruz fistdtuyõ im 88 fi hbcstc fi 8050 ph rh gcn jrhr hm brhgnh rdsehm Kcsä fi mh Zdvh-Hbýirc. Hm dgfi pig fdzhrsi fi Uhgth Eruz ig kumdc fi 8050, Crji bcsc

ecgtdguõ ecnc pri sdfig ti fim Isthfc ig kumdc fi 8050, Crji bcsc ecgtdguõ ecnc pri sdfig ti fimIsthfc Gcr-pi ruhgc, siphrhfc fim ristc fim \i rû. Hsî, pcr ug tdinpc, mh Zipûjmdeh Uur-piruhghecn jh tdõ, hm mhfc fi Jc mdvdh, ecgtrh mh Gcr-piruhgh.

Q DD ^MH HEVDVYF JZDVÈGDEH OH _CZHJMI H MH ECGOIFI ZHEDÕG.- Im `dstcrdhfcr nhr xdsthe`dmigc @irgèg Zhnî riz Giece`ih `h is erdtc mc sdbudigti heir eh fi fde`c hsugtc ig Zivdsth E`d-migh fi @dstcrdh y Bicbrhoîh, ig 84?8.

MH \IZUIEuEECgVZH MCUHgVHEZuEouI DN\MHEIM BIgIZHMEuIgVH Ig UNINCZDHU UDIgFC äM\ZIoIEVC FIMFI\HZVHNIg

FI Kugîg, UI CJMDBHFC,IUI NCVD_CINJHZBHZ HNDBuIM CVUuU NDgHU@HEDIgFHUNIVHMIU THzCBuI, \CZ_HMCZ FI :NDMMCgIU\IUCU.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/historia-de-la-republica-del-peru-tomo-ii 162/3038?: \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :6

”Mcs `dstc rdhfc ris e`dmigcs `hgix puis tc im pugtc fi vds th fi \cr th-mis; mh Ecgoifi rhedõg rcn pîh im iqud-

mdjrdc sufh ni rdehgc y mhs hnjdedcgis fiUhgth Eruz irhg ug pi mdbrc phrh mh dgfi-pig fig edh fi E`dmi. Udg injhr bc, gctc fcs immcs phri edirhg ecgocrnhr si ecgmhs hpriedhedcgis fim ndgdstrc, qui ix pc-gig ec nc cpd gdcgis su yhs, sdg prcgug-edhrsi ig fi odgdtdvh.

Mh Ecgoifi rhedõg ecnc pc sdjdmdfhf gcphsh fi sir ugh imu eujrh edõg, qui gcehji ig im erdti rdc dstõrdec. Ig mcs `ie`csrih mis si piredji qui im is ouirzc fim prc-tie tcr ti gîh nu e`c fi hr tdodedhm. Jhsthndrhr im euhfrc fis ecn puis tc fi mhsmue`hs pc mîtdehs y ndmdthris fis fi mh dgfi-pig fig edh, phrh ecn prig fir qui mhsdtuhedõg irh ehõtdeh y qui ig mcs høcsqui pri ei fdi rcg h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg mhecgousdõg irh ixtri nh, hm pugtc fi sirdnpcsdjmi ehpthr ugh mîgih ivc mutdvh fihmbugh emhrdfhf. Ig ug nc nig tc `u jcsditi pri sdfig tis ig im \i rû.

Mh prisig edh vdetc rdcsh fi Uhgth Eruz,gc cjs thgti im pcfir fi mhs hrnhs, gcmcbrõ hughr h mcs piruhgcs, pcr qui ime`c qui fi mcs ehufdmmcs, mcs brupcs y mcsri bdcghmdsncs gc pc fîhg ei fir. Jui ghprui jh is mh ecmhjc rhedõg ecg E`dmi fiBhnh rrh, Butdärriz fi mh Ouigti, _dvhg-

ec, Ehstdmmh y mh bigti qui mc si buîh.

Hgtis qui im ikäredtc ris thurhfcr ec nhg-fh fc pcr Nh guim Jumgis fi sin jhr ehsiig Hgeõg, mcs bi girhmis Gditc y Crji bc-sc mivhgthjhg hm Isthfc Gcr pi ruhgcecgtrh mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, `hjdig fc sdfcCrji bcsc im risphmfc si burc fi Uhg thEruz y fi su erih edõg.

Jc mdvdh thnpc ec irh ug ti rri gc si burc,pcr qui suj sdstîhg eîreumcs hfvir scs hmnh rdsehm fi [i pdth y mh ugdõg ecg im \irûsusedthjh nu e`hs hprig sdcgis. Ui scs-pi e`h jh mh prioirig edh fi Uhgth Eruzpcr im \i rû y si ecg odhjh nès ig im fis td-gc prc pdc fim hmtdpmhgc.

Euhgfc im \rc tie tcr ehyõ fi rrcthfc igTugbhy ig 8054 im trdugoc e`dmigc ouiei mijrh fc ig Jc mdvdh ecg hetcs pû jmdecs,Uhgth Eruz oui fi emhrhfc ”dgsdbgi trhd-fcr„ y `hs th su ohndmdh oui hnighzhfh.Mcs brhgfis ec mhjc rhfc ris fi mh vîspi rhig tcg eis si hmdgih rcg ec nc igi ndbcsheärrdncs; _i mhsec, Jh mmdvdèg, Cmhøi th,Mdghris, Yreummc y Judtrhbc.

Mh Ecgoifi rhedõg irh ugh odeedõg. Im brhgirrcr fi \cr thmis oui mhgzhr ugh bui rrhecgtrh ugh ig tdfhf qui si fis nc rcgh-rîh nès tin prhgc qui thr fi.„

Fi; E`dmi y \i rû; mh dstc rdh qui gcs ugi ygcs si ph rh, 8959-8005 , Uhgtdhbc; Ifd tc-

rdhm Ygdvir sdthrdh, :<<:, pp. :2-:4.

MH UDBuDIgVI EDVH\IZVIgIEI HMZIECgCEDFC@DUVCZDHFCZ

E@DMIgC UIZBDC_DMMHMCJCU T

ZI\ZIUIgVH ugHDgVIZIUHgVI

\IZU\IEVD_H UCJZIMH ECgoIFIZHEDÕg

\IZÛ-JCMD_DHgH.

MH ECgoIFIZHEDÕg Ig MH@DUVCZDCBZHoîH E@DMIgH



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


E`dmi, ig ehnjdc, gc cjs thgti sus prcbri scs iec gõndecs y mh dnpcrthgedh qui yh prisig thjhecnc ehn pc fi cpi rhedõg h cnjris fi in pri sh jrdtègdecs, hphrieîh ecnc ug phîs pc jri, fä jdm,ecg mdndthfhs pcsdjdmdfhfis y ―scjri tc fc― fiufcr nc rcsc, qui gc corieîh mhs ndsnhs pirs pie tdvhsqui mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh. Dgemusc, `hjîhg ri sumthfc is tärdmis mcs isouirzcs phrh ecgemudrug trhthfc fi ec nir edc hgbmce`dmigc. Ixpri shgfc mh nigcr vhmcrhedõg fi qui irh cj kitc guis trc

phîs, im hbigti fdpmcnè tdec fi Brhg Jri thøh ig Uhgtdhbc, scmc pcsiîh mh ehmdfhf fi eõg sum bigi rhm.Ig sunh, E`dmi irh sujis tdnh fc y ecnc ecg si euig edh fi immc si ecgsdfi rhjh qui su fi rrc-th pcr Uhgth Eruz irh dgivdthjmi.

e) Im bigi rhm Uhgth Eruz ecgcedõ mh prifdspcsdedõg fim Bcjdirgc dgbmäs y si fiedfdõ h tcnhrvig th kh fi immh. Ecgthjh, ig is ti sig tdfc, ecg mh hndsthf fi Jimocrf Rdmscg, qudig ixti rdcrdzhjhy ig brhg ni fdfh is tdnu mhjh mh pcmîtdeh fim Ocridbg Coodei, prcpdedh h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg. Fi h`îqui Uhgth Eruz `ujdi rh fi shrrcmmhfc ugh si rdi fi hetdvdfhfis ohvcrhjmis h mcs dgbmisis y hm istri-e`hndig tc fi ri mhedcgis ecg Dgbmhti rrh, qui vigfrîhg ―ig ûmtdnh dgsthgedh― h prcpcredcghr h mhEcgoifi rhedõg im sõmdfc ris phmfc fi Brhg Jri thøh.

Mcs dgbmisis, pcr su phrti, hprcvie`hrcg mh cpcrtugdfhf qui si mis jrdgfhjh y si ec mcehrcg igugh pcsdedõg hmthnig ti vig th kcsh; thgtc, qui Rdmscg mmibõ h sir im ecgsi kirc dgfdspig shjmi fi Uhg-th Eruz y hetuõ origti h Isphøh, im pmigdpctig edhrdc e`dmigc, gc scmc ecnc ni fdhfcr, sdgc quifi sin pi øhgfc ―ecgtrh tcfhs mhs prèetdehs dgtirghedcghmis y fdpmcnè tdehs― mh ougedõg fi ripri-sig thgti fim Bcjdirgc \i rû-jc mdvdhgc hgti im euhm isthjh heri fdthfc pcr su phîs. \hrh isti ioie tc,Rdmscg is thjh prc vdstc fi ug pc fir ctcr bhfc pcr Uhgth Eruz, ig ugc fi euycs pèrrhocs si fi eîh;

‐Xudirc hutcrdzhrmc y mc hutcrdzc hn pmdhnig ti y mi fcy ehrth jmhgeh phrh qui ustif, ig vdrtuffi sus dgstrueedcgis, hrribmi ug trhthfc fi phz; qui si rè jui gc phrh nî y phrh mh Ecgoifi rhedõgfis fi qui Yf. mc `hyh odrnh fc…‐ (8).

f) Ig Dgbmhti rrh si scspi e`hjh qui mh inpri sh jämdeh dgdedhfh pcr E`dmi ―ig im prcjminè tdecehsc fi ti gir äxdtc― pcfrîh cehsdcghr pir kudedc h mh eriedigti pri pcgfi rhgedh fi mcs dgti ri sisjrdtègdecs ig mh Ecgoifi rhedõg. Ui istdnh jh qui mcs prcpõsdtcs fim Bcjdirgc e`dmigc, kugtc ecgsir hufheis, ti gîhg ugh hnjdedcsh ni th; ‐hsiburhr mh sujyubhedõg fim \irû y im odrni is thjmied-ndig tc fi mh supri nh eîh ecnir edhm y nhrîtdnh fi E`d mi ig im \heîodec‐ (:) 1 thmis irhg, h kudedc fiRdmscg ‐mcs ûgdecs cj kitdvcs rihmis fi isth giohsth buirrh‐(5).

Ig im ocgfc, si ti nîh im surbdndig tc fi ug ecn pi tdfcr fi Dgbmhti rrh ig mh ecsth ceedfig thmhni rdehgh1 is edirtc qui ‐ im rdvhm irh piqui øc, dgsdbgdodehgti1 pirc gc pcr is tc fi khjh fi sirrdvhm‐. Ui kuzbhjh ig tcgeis qui mcs cj kitdvcs e`dmigcs dnpmdehjhg edirth nig buh phrh im ecnir-edc dgbmäs y irhg ―pcr ecgsdbudigti― dgecn phtdjmis ecg mh pigi trhedõg iecgõndeh dgbmish ig mhEcgoifi rhedõg. Xudigis hmigthjhg is tcs ti nc ris irhg, ghturhmnig ti, mcs ecnir edhgtis ri sdfig-tis ig \i rû1 y immcs irhg ecnphrtdfcs y ix pri shfcs dgsdstig ti nig ti pcr Rdmscg.

Mh ecg kugedõg fi mcs hgti ei fig tis ix puis tcs ecgstdtuyi, ig guis trc ecgeip tc, im ougfh-nig tc fi mh hetdtuf cj sirvhfh pcr im Bcjdirgc fi Brhg Jri thøh `hedh E`dmi, furhgti mh buirrhecgtrh mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh. Ig immh rhfdeh im ocgfc fi mh sirdi fi ‐euistdcgis fdpmc-nè tdehs‐ istufdhfhs pcr mcs `dstcrdhfc ris Zhnõg Uctcnh ycr _hmfäs y Bcgzhmc Jumgis.

\hrh tirndghr isths jri vis gc ths, rästhgcs ri oirdrgcs h tris hsugtcs fi edir tc dgti räs;

8.- Mhs fiedsdcgis fim Bcjdirgc e`dmigc ecgthrcg ecg mh ecnprig sdõg fim eõgsum bigi rhm fiDgbmhti rrh ig Uhgtdhbc, im ecrcgim Rhmpcmi.Mh hetuhedõg fi is ti hbig ti fdpmcnè tdec h ohvcr fi mh pcsdedõg hfcpthfh pcr guis trc

Bcjdirgc, si dgdedõ kusthnig ti h rhîz fi mh ixpi fdedõg crbhgdzhfh pcr Oridri ig mh Ecgoifi rhedõg

(8) O.C. 8?. _cm. 59. Fceunig tc dgemudfc ig im codedc fim igehrbhfc fi gi bcedcs fi Brhg Jrithøh ig \i rû hm ndgdstrc fiBrhg Jrithøh ig Hrbig tdgh. :: fi gc vdinjri fi 8050. (: ) O.C. 8?. _cm. 59. Ehrth fi Rdmscg h Rhm pcmi. :8 fi hbcstc fi8050. Ig ctrh ehrth fim :5 fi hbcstc fi 8050, Rdmscg ridti rh ish dfih h Rhm pcmi. Mcs ndsncs ecg eiptcs ouircg ri pitd-fhnig ti ix puistcs pcr Rdmscg hm Ocridbg Coodei. (5) O.C. 8?. _cm. 59. Ehrth fi Rdmscg h Rhm pcmi. :8 fi hbcstc fi 8050.

HBC8054Qpirû

UI DgUVHMH IMECgBZIUCECgUVDVuTIgVMH EDuFHF FI@uHgEHTC. IM\ZIUDFIgVI\ZC_DUCZDCHBuUVîg BHNHZFIEDFI UIUDCgH

Ig FDE@HMCEHMDFHF, TMH EH\DVHM UIgECgVZHJH HÛCEu\HFH \CZ IMIKäZEDVC E@DIUVI ECgBZIUCH\ZCJÕ ugH guI_ECgUVDVuEDÕg

gC_DINJZI FI IUNDUNC HøC.

89



8?6







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


\i rû-jc mdvdhgh. H rhîz fi immh, im 5< fi kumdc fi 805? Rhmpcmi subdrdõ hm ecnc fc rc Nhscg ―igehr-bhfc fi mhs ouirzhs fi U.N.J., ig im \heîodec― mh ehpturh fi mcs jhrecs Ncgtihbufc yCrji bcsc, hmcs qui ecgsdfi rhjh pdrhths fis fi qui he tuhjhg ‐sdg ugh ecndsdõg fi ug bcjdirgc hutcrdzhfcphrh `heir bui rrh‐(8) . H isti ri qui rdndig tc, Nhscg ecgtis tõ ig mcs sdbudigtis tärndgcs;

‐Mhnig tc nu e`c qui, si bûg mh dgocrnh edõg qui pcsic, gc ni sdig th hutcrdzhfc ph rh ehp-

turhr imNcgtihbufc y imCrji bcsc ecnc pdrhths‐(: ) . Vhg prcgtc ecnc is thmmõ mh buirrh, Rhmpcmi `dzc mmibhr `hsth im Ocridbg Coodei gu ni rcscs ymhrbcs dgocrnis ig mcs euhmis fhjh h ecgceir, ecg cpdgdõg ohvcrhjmi, mcs pugtcs fi vdsth fimBcjdirgc e`dmigc1 h mh dgvirsh, fi ugh nh gi rh nuy ig oètdeh si prcgugedhjh ecg trh Uhgth Eruz ymh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh (5) . Mh pcsdedõg hsundfh pcr Rhmpcmi, kugtc ecg ri omi khr mh istd-nh edõg qui äm sigtîh pcr guistrc phîs, ixti rdcrdzhjh thn jdäg mcs sigtdndig tcs qui hgdnh jhg hmh guni rcsh, prõspi rh i dgomuyigti ec mcgdh jrdtègdeh risdfig ti ig E`dmi.

Vhgth oui mh viì nig edh ecg qui Rhmpcmi kustdodeõ mh heedõg e`dmigh, qui im Ocridbg Coodei tu vcqui hnc gis thrmc sivirhnig ti. Im :8 fi kugdc fi 8050 im ndgdstrc \hmnirs tcgi mi hfvdrtdõ qui ‐ughbig ti fim Bcjdirgc jrdtègdec, kugtc ecg eudfhr fi nhg ti gir si ig mcs ni kcris tärndgcs pcsdjmisecg im Bcjdirgc fim phîs ig qui fi sin pi øh sus ougedcgis, gugeh fi ji dfig tdodehrsi ecg mcs sig-tdndig tcs c mh pcmîtdeh fi isi Bc jdirgc `hs th im pugtc fi qui fi ki fi sir pir oiethnig ti mdjri fiikieuthr ig su nès ecn pmitc is pîrdtu mhs dgstrueedcgis qui pui fh ri edjdr fi su Bcjdirgc‐ (6) .

Fis fi ctrc pug tc, Rhmpcmi nhgtuvc ecrrispcgfig edh ecg im kioi fi mh ndsdõg jrdtègdeh igMdnh. Im tcgc fi is th ecrrispcgfig edh oui hbrdc. Ehfh ugc fi mcs fdpmcnè tdecs ti gîh ig vdsth ―hgtis qui gh fh― mcs dgti ri sis jrdtègdecs. Isc sî qui su hpriedhedõg fi iscs dgti ri sis y fi mhsvig th khs qui pufdirhg mcbrhr tigîh ecnc pug tc fi phr tdfh mhs ecgfdedcgis cj kitdvhnig ti ohvc-rhjmis ig qui si fi shrrcmmhjhg thgtc ig E`dmi ecnc ig mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh. Istiì e`c `dzc qui ehfh ugc hsundi rh ugh hetdtuf pc sdtdvh origti h mhs heedcgis fim Bcjdirgc hgtiim qui isthjh heri fdthfc, y hug h dfigtdodehrsi ecg sus prcpõsdtcs.

Fi is th nhgi rh, ndigtrhs Rhmpcmi hphriedõ ecnc ecg vigedfc prce`dmigc, Rdmscg oui igär-bdehnig ti hgtde`dmigc.

Isth fdvirbig edh prcougfh fi cpd gdcgis ig tri fcs ri pri sig thgtis fi U.N.J. si trhfu kc ig imtcgc fis tin pmhfc fi su ec rrispcgfig edh.

Ecnc ig im Ocridbg Coodei pri vhmieîhg mcs erdti rdcs ecgtrhrdcs hm Bcjdirgc fi E`d mi, h Rhmpc-mi si mi mmhnõ mh htigedõg ig tris cpcrtugdfhfis1 im 89 fi hbcstc fi 8052, oui ri prig fdfc, pcr quigc fh jh is trdetc eun pmdndig tc h sus dgstrueedcgis y, pcrqui ―hm ecgtrhrdc― ‐Yf. hphri ei fhg fcnu e`c pi sc h mcs ohmheis hrbunig tcs hvhgzhfcs pcr im ndgdstrc e`dmigc‐ (9) 1 nès thrfi, im :8 fi kugdc fi 8050, si rieuirfh h Rhmpcmi qui mcs ripri sig thgtis fi Brhg Jri thøh ig ctrcs phîsisfi jig trh thrsi ecrfdhmnig ti y eudfhr fi nhg ti gir si dgfi pig fdigtis origti h mcs bcjdirgcs igqui mis ecrrispcgfi he tuhr (? ) 1 pcr odg, im 8: fi ku mdc fi 8050, \hmnirs tcgi dgstruyõ h Rhmpcmiphrh qui si hjs tuvdirh fi is erdjdr h Rdmscg hthehgfc mcs pugtcs fi vdsth sustig thfcs pcr isti (2) .

Mh edreugsthgedh fi qui mh buirrh ùjdi rh fi ti rdcrhfc thg si rdhnig ti mhs rimhedcgis ig triRhmpcmi y Rdmscg, pirndtdõ h \hmnirs tcgi ugh shmdfh u nc rîstdeh fim nès purc ecrti dgbmäs; ‐phri-

ei qui im \heîodec ―iserdjdõ― niriei nhm su gcnjri‐(0)

.H mcs ìe`cs ix puis tcs pcr is tcs `dstcrdhfc ris, ehji hbri bhr qui im Ocridbg Coodei ―dgstdbh-

oZHgâCDU HZHBC\ZIUIgVH H MHHEHFINDH FI

EDIgEDHU FI oZHgEDHIM FHBuIZZCVD\C,ug Dg_IgVC FI Uu

ECN\HVZDCVH MCuDUFHBuIZZI (8202-8098).

HFIN U UI FH H

ECgCEIZ IM NäVCFCFI oDKHEDÕg FI MHUDN BIgIU

\ZCTIEVHFHU \CZMH E NHZH CUEuZH,

VZHJHKHFC IgECgKugVC ECg

gDEä\@CZI gDI\EI(82?9-8055). FuZHgVI

IUVH UIUDÕg, MH\HVIgVI FIM

FHBuIZZCVD\C ouIHFquDZDFH \CZ IM

BCJDIZgC oZHgEäU.

84HBCUVC8054

Q orhgeDh ^

(8) O.C. 8?. _cm. :4. Gcth fi Rhm pcmi h Nhscg. 5< fi kumdc fi 805?.(86) Gcth fi Nhscg h Rhm pcmi. 8¼ fi hbcstc fi 805?.(89) Igtri iscs dgocrnis, si pui fig nig edcghr mcs fi mhs sdbudigtis oie`hs; : fi igi rc, ? fi igi rc, 8< fi oijri rc, 82 finhr zc y :< fi kumdc fi 80521 9 fi igirc, :5 fi igi rc1 ?,8: y 8? fi hjrdm fi 8050. Ig bigi rhm istcs fceunig tcs scg nuyixtig scs1 pcr ikin pmc, mcs fim 9 y :5 fi igirc, ecgsthrcg fi 8: y 80 pèbdghs thnh øc codedc, ris pietdvhnig ti. (8?) O.C.8?. _cm. 59. Gcth fim Ocridbg Coodei h Rhm pcmi. :8 fi kugdc fi 8050.(82) O.C. _cm. 5<. Gc th ecgodfig edhm fim Ocridbg Coodeih Rhm pcmi. 89 fi hbcstc fi 8052.(80) Djîf. Codedc fim Ocridbg Coodei h Rhm pcmi. :8 fi kugdc fi 8050.(84) Djîf. Codedc fimOcridbg Coodei h Rhm pcmi. 8: fi kumdc fi 8050.(:<) Djîf .




Im o e hm im ikäh bi mmibõ h \

i 8089 y pimiõ pis h ipi i e

`hs h mh jh hmmh i Hyhe e` (80:6).M ib o i is hehh H iq ph, pi is

i n õ i 80:?, e hsi mi npm eõi h e sp he õe h J mîvh . I 8si pmibõ h mh ijim õm i h h p Uhmh

pi i n õ äh mhs o mhs i Uh

hs mh jh hmmh iU ehjhyh.

OrHgEdUEc fI \ctIrc (820?-8096

fc pcr Rdmscg― riheedcgõ ecg dgfdbghedõg origti h mcs nh mcs trhtcs su ordfcs pcr ug sûj fdtc fiU.N.(8 ) . Ecg oie`h 86 fi nh yc fi 8054, si dgs truyõ h Rhmpc mi phrh qui `d edirh ugh igär bdehri emhnh edõg hgti guis trh Ehgedmmirîh y ixdbdirh dgni fdhths ri phrhedcgis y shg edcgis ph rh mcs eum-phjmis. Hbribhjhg ishs dgs trueedcgis;

‐Ud isth fi nhg fh fim Bc jdir gc fi U.N. hm fi E`d mi gc is htig fdfh fig trc fi ug pmh zc rhzc-

ghjmi, im ecnhg fhg ti ig ki oi fi mhs ouirzhs ghvhmis fi U.N. ig im \heîodec `h sdfc dgs trudfc ph rhprc ei fir h tc nhr ri pri shmdhs ecgtrh mcs juquis e`d migcs, y ehp turhr thgtcs ec nc pui fh ig ecg-trhr, y fi ti gir mcs hsth qui mh nès ecn pmith ri phrhedõg hyh sdfc ì e`h hm umtrh ki dgoirdfc hm Fr.Nhe Mihg. Ig ecg si euig edh, Yf. igtrhrè ig mh nès is tri e`h ec nu gdehedõg ecg im hmndrhgti Zcsssc jri isi hsug tc‐ (: ) .

Udnumtègih nig ti, im Ocridbg Coodei pdfdõ hm Hmndrhgthzbc qui dg truyi rh ig im ndsnc sig-tdfc hm nig edcghfc ki oi ghvhm. Isti, ecg oie`h 5< fi fd edin jri fi 8054, ig vdõ fis fi _hmphrhî-sc ugh ec nu gdehedõg h Rhmpc mi ig qui dgocrnh jh `h jir ri edjdfc dgs trueedcgis ph rh ehptu rhry fi ti gir jhr ecs e`d migcs, qui si pri phrhjh ph rh eun pmdrmhs y ‐ecnc gc ni bus thg mhs ni fd-fhs h ni fdhs, ì pig shfc ig mcs jhr ecs qui he tuhmnig ti is tèg hquî, mc ndsnc qui ig im Cris tis y imJh sdmdsaqui is tèg pcr mmibhr phrh ecn pmithr sus prc vdsdcgis, y is tèg fi tc fhsnh gi rhs pri phrhfcs ph rh mh heedõg‐. Hfinès, dg ocrnh qui fds pu sc im trhsmhfc fi ug jhr ec fibui rrh h Kuhg Oirgèg fiz, hm qui ecg sdfi rh ‐ecnc ug mubhr fi ri eip edõg fi tc fcs mcs jhr ecsqui yc pui fh fi ti gir‐ (5 ) .

Is ths nh gdoisthedcgis fi prc vcehedõg y hni ghzhs fi vdc migedh, kugtc h mhs dgstrueedcgisfh fhs h Rhmpc mi im 9 fi nhr zc fi 8054 ―qui ì ncs ed thfc ig ctrhs pè bdghs― rivi mhg qui ig8054 im Bcjdir gc jrd tègdec ti gîh mh priedsh fi tir ndghedõg fi dg tir vi gdr ecg mh ouirzh ig im tär-ndgc fi mh bui rrh ig tri E`d mi y mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \i rû-jc mdvdhgh.

5.- Im trdugoc cj ti gdfc pcr mhs hrnhs e`d mighs ig Tug bhy ehusõ prc ougfh scr pri sh ig mcs eîr-eumcs fdpmcnè tdecs dgbmisis. Hmmî ixdstîh mh hrrhdbhfh dn pri sdõg, nès hûg mh ecgvdeedõg fi quiE`dmi ehri eîh fi eh phedfhf ph rh mmivhr h ehjc ecg äxd tc mh in pri sh hecni tdfh. Ougfè jhg si is thdnpri sdõg ig mh fijdmdfhf y pi qui øiz ecg qui guis trc phîs hph ri eîh hm mhfc fi ugh is trueturh kuzbhfh thg nh edzh, ecnc mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \i rû-jc mdvdhgh.

Mh vdetc rdh mcbrhfh sc jri Uhg th Eruz hmti rõ mh sujis tdnh edõg fi qui E`d mi irh cj kitc. Is tiì e`c, ugd fc hm rèpdfc fi shrrcmmc iecgõ ndec y h mh isthjdmdfhf pc mîtdeh qui eh rheti rdzhjhg h mhvdfh e`d migh, erih rcg mh dfih fi qui E`d mi riugîh brhgfis pc tig edhmdfh fis1 qui irh ug pi qui øcpc fir ig is thfc inir big ti y qui is thjh fc thfc fi fi sdbgdcs ì bi nõ gdecs ig im \h eîodec. Fih`î qui Rdmscg, ecg oi e`h ? fi nhr zc fi 8054, pu fdi rh is erdjdr h Rhmpc mi;

‐Ecnir edhmnig ti `h jmhgfc, si rè ugh ec mcgdh fi E`d mi ―ug fistdgc― hm euhm \irû is thrè prèe-tdehnig ti sc ni tdfc pcr nu e`cs høcs, h ehu sh fi su ecg tdguh hghrquîh y fi su hf ndgdstrhedõgniz qudgh y ec rrcn pdfh;

Mh supri nh eîh ecnir edhm fi _hmphrhîsc y fi mh jhg fi rh e`dmigh ig im \h eîodec; mh fistrueedõgfim ecnir edc fdrie tc ig tri mcs Isthfcs Ygdfcs, Iu rcph y im \i rû, y fim ecgsdbudig ti ri trhsc fimfi shrrcmmc fi sus ouigtis dgfus trdhmis pcr im ritdrc fi mhs in pri sh y im ehpdthm jrdtègdec, si règ mcsri sumthfcs gi ei shrdcs i dgni fdhtcs fim äxdtc fi mh dgvhsdõg e`dmigh‐ (6 ) .

Ecnc ioie tc fi is th gui vh vhmcrhedõg fi E`d mi, ig Dgbmhti rrh si fis pir tõ ug ri gc vhfc dg ti-räs pcr guis trc phîs, mc euhm ecgtrdju yõ h ec mcehr mhs rimhedcgis hg bmce`dmighs ig ugh ix ei migtisdtuhedõg. \cr ctrh phr ti, mcs `cn jris fi gi bc edcs jrdtègdecs, ecgs edigtis fi mhs rdqui zhs quiig ei rrhjh im ti rrdtc rdc ghedcghm y fi mhs vigth khs qui corieîh im dgtir ehn jdc ecg E`d mi, heigtuhrcg

(8 ) Ecnc si sh ji, is tcs nh mcs trhtcs ecg sdstdircg ig ugh ì rdfh nuy mivi qui Nhe Mihg ri edjdõ ig mh ehji zh, hm prcfu edrsiug dgedfig ti ecg nc tdvc fi gi bhrsi h cji fi eir õrfi gis qui ug scmfh fc e`d migc fi jîh gi ei shrdhnig ti eun pmdr.(: ) O.C. 8?._cm. 52. Dgstrueedcgis fim Ocridbg Coodei h Rhm pcmi. 86 fi nh yc fi 8054.(5 ) O.C. 8?. _cm. 6<. Gcth fim hmndrhgti E`hr misJ.V. Zcss h Rhm pcmi. _hm phrhîsc. 5< fi fdedin jri fi 8054. (6) O.C. 8? _cm. 852. Ehrth fi Rdmscg h Rhm pcmi. ? fi nhr zc fi 8054.



8??







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


su tig fig edh h cpirhr ig guistrc phîs. Fi isti nc fc, E`dmi mmibõ h sir mh brhg sifi fi mh hetdvd-fhf dgbmish ig im \heîodec1 istc tuvc ecnc ecg si euig edh mh eriedigti su jcr fdghedõg fi mh iec-gcnîh e`dmigh hm ehpdthmdsnc dgbmäs(8) .

Ucjri mh jhsi fi mcs nhti rdhmis ixpuis tcs, si pui fig is thjmieir mhs sdbudigtis ecg emusdcgis;8.- Mhs euistdcgis fdpmcnè tdehs qui si susedthrcg ig tri E`dmi y Brhg Jrithøh furhgti mh buirrh

ecgtrh mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh tuvdircg ugh rhîz nue`c nès prc ougfh, c ug crdbig nèsecn pmi kc y ugh fdnig sdõg nès vhsth, qui mhs siøhmhfhs pcr Bcgzhmc Jumgis y Uctcnh ycr _hmfäs.Ig rih mdfhf, mcs ìe`cs qui si `hg fd si øhfc prui jhg oi`hedigti nig ti qui mh mîgih fi ecg-

fue th trhzhfh pcr im Ocridbg Coodei ris pcgfîh hfi euhfhnig ti h mcs igocquis y h mcs prcpõsdtcsnuy fi odgdfcs fi pc mîtdeh hni rdehgh qui hgdnh jhg h Brhg Jrithøh.

:.- Fi mc hgti rdcr si fisprig fi qui mh dgomuigedh pcmîtdeh fi Brhg Jri thøh ―mh brhg pctig edhnug fdhm fim sdbmc PDP― si `heîh sigtdr vdbcrcsh y ig ecgocrndfhf h sus prcpdcs nõvdmis, ig tcfcsmcs rdgecgis fim bmcjc1 sus dgti ri sis ecnc pc fi rcsh y fdgèndeh istrueturh ehpdthmdsth `hjîhgmcbrhfc ix tig fir rh ndodehedcgis y ie`hr rhîeis ig tc fhs phrtis.

Ig tri mhs èrihs fi brhg pripcgfi rhgedh jrdtègdeh, mcs phîsis fi mh ecsth ceedfig thm fi Hnärd-eh Mhtdgh ceuphjhg ug mubhr dnpcrthgti1 hfinès fi sir ehn pcs ri mhtdvhnig ti vîrbi gis phrh mhhetdvdfhf fi in pri shrdcs dgbmisis, prcfu eîhg nhti rdhs prdnhs vhmdcshs phrh mh dgfus trdh fim ‐thmmirfim nugfc‐ y irhg eig trcs fi ecg sunc ―suseip tdjmis fi igcr ni hn pmdhedõg― fi hrtîeumcsnh guoheturhfcs fim Zidgc Ygdfc.

Ig ecg si euig edh, ghfh fi mcs qui ceurrîh ig isth ribdõg pcfîh sir ndrhfc ecg dgfdoirig edhpcr im Bcjdirgc fi U.N.J.

5.- Vrhs heuedcsh dgvistdbhedõg y sivirc hgèmdsds, im Ocridbg Coodei fi edfdõ ugh pcmîtdeh ohvcrh-jmi h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh, mc qui tuvc ixti rdcrdzhedcgis hni ghzhfc rhs y ncmisthsphrh im Bcjdirgc e`dmigc.

Hocrtughfhnig ti phrh E`dmi, thm pcmîtdeh scmc ecnig zõ h tcnhr ecg sdstig edh ecg pcsti rdcrd-fhf h mh jhthmmh fi Tugbhy. Ig ehsc fi qui ig mcs prdni rcs ni sis fi 8054 im ecgomdetc gc ù jdi-rh hmehgzhfc su fi odgdedõg, isti ùjdi rh tigdfc prc yieedcgis c fi rdvhedcgis dgscspi e`hfhs. Ecgeir ti zh si ù jdi rh prcfu edfc mh dgtir vigedõg hrnh fh fi Dgbmhti rrh1 istc ù jdi rh phrhmdzhfc mhheedõg jämdeh ig ug nc nig tc erîtdec, erihgfc h guis trc Bcjdirgc tc fh ugh si rdi fi prc jminhsfi mh nès vhrdhfh îgfc mi. Ud istc ù jdi rh ceurrdfc, im eursc pcsti rdcr fi mh `dstcrdh fi mhs rimhedc-gis fi E`d mi ecg \irû y Jcmdvdh, `hjrîh sdfc ecn pmithnig ti fdoirig ti fim qui oui.

Im fisig mhei fi mh buirrh ig igi rc fi 8054, dgdjdõ mh rihmdzhedõg fi mh pcmîtdeh jcs qui khfhpcr im Ocridbg Coodei1 mcbrhrcg, ig ehn jdc, privhmieir mcs cj kitdvcs qui si `h jîh prcpuis tc imBcjdirgc e`dmigc.

6.- Mh ocrnh ec nc tir ndgõ mh buirrh ikiredõ ugh dgomuigedh fiedsdvh phrh qui E`dmi ouirh cj ki-tc fi ugh ni kcr ecgsdfi rhedõg. Zèpdfhnig ti, ig mhs isoirhs fim Bcjdirgc dgbmäs, si fdstdgbudõ hguis trc phîs igtri mhs finès gh edcgis `dsphgchni rdehghs1 dgomuyõ fi ugh nh gi rh nuy vdbcrcshig is tc, im ìe`c fi qui E`d mi mmibhrh h sir ug prcpdedc y muerhtdvc eig trc fi cpi rhedcgis phrhmcs `cnjris fi gi bcedcs jrdtègdecs".

@hsth hquî @irgèg Zhnî riz Gieceìh.

Q DDD ^ÛMVDNH IP\I FDEDÕG FI UHGVH EZY[.- Uhgth Eruz fisfi im Ieuhfcr dgtir vdgc tc fhvîh igguni rcshs dgtrdbhs y ig ugh dnpmhehjmi "buirrh fi phpim" ecgtrh im räbdnig dn pi rhgti ig Jc md-vdh y im \irû. Oui igtcgeis ig Xudtc y ig 806<, euhgfc pu jmdeõ ug mhrbc nh gdodistc phrh ghrrhr

UI DgDEDH MH BuIZZHFIM C\DC, NCVD_HFH\CZ MH FIEDUDÕg FIMBCJDIZgC E@DgC FI

IZZHFDEHZ MCUEuMVD_CU FI IUVHFZCBH, quI IZH

Ix\CZVHFHDMIBHMNIgVI HM \HîU

\CZ ECNIZEDHgVIUJZDV gDECU. BZHgJZIVHøH Ig_DÕ

VZC\HU, quICJVu_DIZCg MH

_DEVCZDH. IM :4 FIHBCUVC FI 806: UI

oDZNÕ MH \Hz FIgHgADgB, quI EIFîH

IM \uIZVC FI @CgBACgB H MCUIuZC\ICU.

9UIVDINJZI8054

Q e`Dgh ^

(8) Isti hsugtc mc ìncs is tufdhfc ix tig shnig ti ig guis trc mdjrc. @dstcrdh fim dnpi rdhmdsnc ig E`d mi , ehp DD.



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


mhs gibcedhedcgis ioie tuhfhs ig tri hbcstc y cetujri fi hquim nds nc høc. Im prisdfig ti Ehstd-mmh ecgsdfi rõ vi khtcrdc hquim ecgvigdc pcrqui im \i rû gc dgtir vigîh ig mhs fiedsdcgis qui E`dmiy Jcmdvdh tcnh rhg scjri im prdsdcgi rc, y gcn jrõ ig hbcs tc ecnc ri pri sig thgti is pi edhm phrhri scmvir im hsugtc, h Jigdtc Mhsc. Im prisdfig ti fi Jc mdvdh fisdbgõ h Kchquîg Hbudrri, y hnjcsfdpmcnè tdecs odrnh rcg ug trhthfc im 2 fi cetujri fi 8069 ecg im ndgdstrc fi Zi mhedcgis Ix ti-

rdcris fi E`d mi, Nhguim Ncgtt. Uibûg is ti phetc, Uhgth Eruz si fi jîh dr h Iurcph y bhrhgtdzhjh,ecg mh `dpcti eh fi tc fcs sus jdi gis, qui fu rhgti sids høcs gc vcmvirîh h gdgbûg pugtc fiHnä rdeh y jh kc mh hnighzh fi sir ig tcgeis trhthfc ecg nè xdnc rdbcr. Im Bcjdirgc fi Jc mdvdhsi ecn prcni tdõ h suspig fir im sieuis trc fi mcs jdigis fi Uhgth Eruz y h phbhrmi ? ndm piscshguhmis furhgti su pir nh gig edh ig Iurcph. Uhgth Eruz odrnõ ugh fi emhrhedõg ecg mh `dpcti ehfi sus jdi gis y in pi øhgfc su phmhjrh fi `c gcr. Im hrribmc oui ehg kihfc ig Uhgtdhbc im 82 fifdedin jri fi 8069. \h rh hyufhrmc dgtir vdgc fdseri thnig ti mh fdpmcnh edh jrdtègdeh.

Uhgth Eruz ispi rõ furhgti hmbûg tdin pc h ndin jrcs fi su oh ndmdh y si injhr eõ ecg run jch Jurfics, ig _hmphrhîsc, im :< fi hjrdm fi 806?, ig mh orhbhth nir ehgti Gcuvimmi Bhjrdimmi. IgIu rcph vdvdõ dgquditc pcrqui im Bcjdirgc jc mdvdhgc gc eun pmdõ ecg hjcghrmi mh ehgtdfhf is td-pumhfh y qudigis nhg fh jhg ig im \i rû y Jcmdvdh istuvdircg pric euphfcs fu rhgti hmbûg tdin pcpcr mcs runc ris fi su dgndgig ti ri bri sc. Ig 8060 im prisdfig ti jc mdvdhgc Jimzû mi fdc ughripri sig thedõg fdpmcnè tdeh hgti vhrdhs ecrtis iu rcpihs. Ig ce tujri fi 8064 odrnõ ug trh thfcecg Orhgedh y muibc ug ecgecrfh tc ecg Zcnh nuy ecn jh tdfc pcr mcs mdji rhmis y qui gc mmibõh sir hprcjh fc pcr im Ecgbri sc jc mdvdhgc. Kujdmhfc pcr Jimzû ig igi rc fi 8099 fi su ehr bc fifdpmcnè tdec ecg ugh phrti fi su suimfc, Uhgth Eruz si fd rdbdõ h mh Hrbig tdgh y prisig tõ su ehg-fdfh turh h mh \risdfig edh fi Jcmdvdh ig mh imieedõg fi isi høc. H pi shr fi qui su prc brhnhecgti gîh ug nhfu rc pmhg fi bcjdirgc, trdugoõ im ehgfdfh tc codedhm, bigi rhm Kcrbi Eõrfc vh, ndmd-thr dbgcrhgti qui `h jîh sdfc ug ix põsdtc pi rc is thjh prc ti bdfc pcr Jimzû. Uhgth Eruz si isth-jmiedõ ig Uhmth, pirc Eõrfc vh cj tuvc qui ouirh hmi khfc fi hmmî. Igtcgeis si rhfdeõ ig mh prcvdg-edh fi Igtri Zîcs y si md bõ h mh ohndmdh fim prisdfig ti fi mh Hrbig tdgh, bigi rhm Kuhg Kcsä fiYrqudzh, ecg euyh `d kh ehsõ su `d kc Udnõg. Fis puäs fi thg tcs fi sig bhøcs, ecnig zhjhg hpric euphrmi mcs gibcedcs fi hf qudsdedõg fi tdirrhs nès qui mh pcmîtdeh. Hmbûg tdin pc fis puäsribri sõ h Orhgedh y si dgsthmõ ig _irshmmis, fcgfi ri sdfîh su ohndmdh. Hm prcfu edrsi im ecgomdetcig tri im \irû y Isphøh, iserdjdõ hm prisdfig ti \i zit ugh inc edcghgti ehrth, riecrfhgfc mcs fîhsfi bmcrdh furhgti mh Inhgedphedõg y coriedägfc si phrh mc qui ouirh ni gis tir. Fi tdin pc igtdin pc mmibhjhg `hs th äm vdsdthgtis fim \i rû y Jcmdvdh1 y ig su rispi tc hdsmhfc, qudzè im hgedhgcehufdmmc vdsmunjrõ ni mhgeõmdehnig ti mh hetdtuf qui hg ti äm hfcpthrîh mh pcsti rdfhf. Nu rdõ igJihu vcdr, eireh fi Ghgtis, Orhgedh, im :9 fi sitdin jri fi 80?9 y oui ig ti rrhfc ig _ir shmmis.

NHT806<Q brh jrithø

BZHg JZIVHøH \Ig EDZEuMHEDÕ\ZDNIZCU UIMM\CUVHMIU Ig FCFIgCNDgHEDCgI\IgDquI gIBZC TFCU \IgDquIU HzHNJCU ECg MH FI MH ZIDgH

_DEVCZDH. UuDg_IgVCZ ouI UDZCwMHgF @DMHFNDgDUVZHFIFuEHFCZ quI _DIg IMMCU ugH oguI_H FI ZIEHuFDN\uIUVCU. UuEZIHEDÕg

NCFIZgDzÕ IMUIZ_DEDC FIECZZIU\CgFIgEDIg VCFC IM NugF

?



EH\ÎVYMC :9 ◃ D Mh `dstcrdcbrhoîh e`d-migh, jc mdvdhgh y piruhgh hgti mh Ecg-oifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh ◃ DD Zimhedc-gis bic brèodec-iec gõndehs igtri imsur fim \irû y Jcmdvdh◃ DDD Mcs ohetcrisndmdthris i dgtir ghedcghmis ig imfi rrun ji fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg ◃ D_

Ohetcris fi nc brèodecs y ecnir edhmis◃ _ ”Hbmutdghedõg eriedigti„ y ”ni bhmcis-thtdsnc„ dnpcsdjmis ◃ _D Mh Ecgoifi rh-edõg, ”ifdodedc finh sdhfc vhstc„ ◃ _DDMhncr thmdfhf fi mh dfih ecgoifi rhm◃ _DDD Im ohgthsnh jc mdvdhgc ig mh vdfh pi ruh-gh `hsth 80?<.

Q \ZDNIZ \IZÎCFC;Mh äpceh ougfhedcghM fi Mh ripûjMdeh ^

Q VCNC : ^



Q:9^EH\ÎVYMC

IM UDBgDoDEHFC FI MH ECgoIFIZHohetcris bicbrè decs, iec õndecs, ndmdthris, fincbrè decs, ecniredhm



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


ndig tcs dnpcsdjmis fi nc fdodehr1 5¼ \crqui ig tc fcs sus hetcs fi ncs trõ Uhgth Eruz ecnpmithpri fdmieedõg pcr im \irû hug ig ecgtrh fi mcs dgti ri sis jc mdvdhgcs". Ctrcs `dstcrdhfc ris fi isiphîs, sdg mmibhr h ug kudedc sivirc, eriig qui im pmhg oui finh sdhfc vhstc, supi rdcr h mhs pcsdjdmd-fhfis fim ehufdmmc y h mhs edreugsthgedhs (Hmedfis Hrbui fhs, Mcs ehufdmmcs mitrhfcs, Jhrei mcgh, 84::1Hmocgsc Erispc, Uhgth Eruz, im eõgfcr dgfdc, Näxdec, 84??). Ygh ixeip edõg h tcfc pug tc fi vdsth

ghedcghmdsth is mh Kumdc Hmjir tc F—Hvds U., ig su cjrhIm Isthfc jc mdvdhgc y mh ugdfhf pi ruhgh (Ece`hjhn jh, 8466). Ig immh `hy ugh orhgeh hetdtuf ohvcrhjmi h mh ousdõg igtri mcs fcs puijmcsgc scmc ig mh äpceh fi Uhgth Eruz sdgc ig mh hetuhmdfhf y ig im outurc, scjri mh jhsi fi mh bic-brhoîh, mh `dstcrdh y mhs giei sdfhfis fi mcs vi gdfi rcs tdinpcs.

Hm ecgni nc rhrsi im :5 fi fdedin jri fi 84?9 im eig ti ghrdc fi mh nuirti fim \rc tie tcr fi mhEcgoifi rhedõg, äm `h riedjdfc `c ni gh kis pmigcs fi cr bummc ghedcghm.

Mcs `dstcrdhfc ris piruh gcs thn jdäg `hg pri sig thfc, ec nc ori euig ti nig ti ceu rri, fi su-gdõg. Ig im pirîcfc dgni fdhthnig ti pcs ti rdcr h mh jhthmmh fi Tugbhy, prifc ndgõ, sdg echeedcgiscodedhmis, mh dfih fi qui mh Ecgoifi rhedõg `hjîh sdfc ugh dgvhsdõg ixtrhg kirh y ugh tdrhgîh. Nhrdh-gc Oimdpi \hz Ucmfèg, ecg su igcr ni hpcr ti fc eunig thm, rhtdodeõ is th ti sds. \irc mh buirrh ecgE`dmi fi 8024 h 8005 hyufõ h ug hetdtuf nuy fds tdgth. Im imcbdc fim pmhg ecg oifi rhm tuvc suvcei rc imceuig ti y igär bdec ig Kcsä fi mh Zdvh-Hbýirc y Csnh euhgfc `dzc mh erîtdeh fim yhnig edcghfc `dstcrdhfcr Nhrdhgc Oimdpi \hz Ucmfèg ig Mh `dstcrdh ig im \irû (Mdnh 848<) y euhgfc,nès thrfi, ecn pminig tõ su hetdtuf ugdcgdsth \i rû-jc mdvdhgh ig trhjh kcs thg susthgedcscs ecnc"Mcs fcs \irûis" (Im Ecnir edc, ? fi hbcs tc fi 846:) (8). Ig ug pmhgc dgfi pig fdigti, Gini sdc _hr-bhs si ncs trõ ig hetdtuf ji mdbi rhgti hgtde`dmigh y nc fi rhfhnig ti h ohvcr fi Uhgth Eruz. Mmibõh iserdjdr fi mh sdbudigti nh gi rh; "E`dmi igvdfdhjh mh suirti fi \i rû y trhnõ ugh ecg ohju mhedõgecg hyufh fi ugcs nh mcs phtrdcths y h odg fi fisheirsi fi mh ehghmmh fi su phîs dfiõ ugh dgvh-sdõg gcrnhg fh mhgzègfc mcs h guistrh tdirrh phrh isemhvdzhrmh h mh hfuhgh fi _hmphrhîsc" (@dstcrdhfim \irû dgfi pigfdigti , _cm. DP, p. 5:).

Kumdèg Uhgtdsti jhg Ce`ch, dgvistdbhfcr euzqui øc pri nh turhnig ti fi shphriedfc, dgfdeõugh `dstcrdcbrhoîh ribdcghmdsth fi ixhmthedõg sufpi ruhgh.

Im hutcr fim prisig ti mdjrc `h qui rdfc tc nhr ig fd virshs cpcrtugdfhfis ugh pc sdedõg cj kitd-vh, istrdethnig ti hghmîtdeh y h immh dgtig th ecrrispcgfir mh vhmcrhedõg fi mhs prcjh jdmdfhfis `ds-tõrdehs fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh qui vdigi h ecg tdguhedõg.

Q DD ^ZIMHEDCGIU BICBZÈODEC-IECGÕNDEHU IGVZI IM UYZ FIM \I ZY T JCMD _DH.- Isorieuig ti, euhgfc si hmufi h mhs edreugsthgedhs qui ohvcriedircg mh dgvhsdõg fdrdbdfh pcr UhgthEruz ig 8059, nig edcghr mcs vîgeumcs igtri Jc mdvdh y im \irû.

Euhgfc ig 8222 im vdrriy fim Zîc fi mh \mhth prc`djdõ mh ixpcrthedõg fi crc y pmhth gc imhjc-rhfcs h euhmqudir mubhr ixeip tc Jui gcs Hdris, im ecnir edc igtri mhs fcs brhgfis ec nhr ehs quimmivhjhg im ndsnc gcn jri pi ruhgc qui fõ nuy hoie thfc. Udg injhr bc, gc nu rdõ. Ig ughs dgocr-nh edcgis is thfîstdehs qui im ndgdstrc fi @hedigfh jc mdvdhgc ig tri bõ ig 80:2 hm dgbmäs K.J. \ig-

tmhgf yh hphriei qui im ecstc fim trhgs pcrti hm gdvim fi 8<< mdjrhs pcr nir ehfi rîhs irh nès jh kc

E@DMI Ig_DMH UuIZVI F\IZÛ T VZHNugHECgoHJuMHECg HTuFH FugCU NHMC\HVZDCVHUoDg FIFIU@HEIZU

MH EHgHMM\HîU DFIÕ ugDg_HUDÕggCZNHgFHMHgz gFCMguIUVZH VD\HZHIUEMH_DzHMH HFuHgH_HM\HZHîU

(8) Gc cjsthgti su gctcrdh pcsdedõg jcmdvdhgdsth, Zdvh-Hbýirc prcgugedõ ugh ecgoirigedh im :? fi kumdc fi 845: ig im Uhmõgfi Hetcs fi mh Iseuimh Ndmdthr fi E`crrdmmcs jhkc im tîtumc fim "\rcjminh fd pmcnè tdec ig fim sur. Zimhedcgis ecg Jc mdvdh yE`dmi". Fde`h ecgoirigedh oui dn prish im ndsnc høc ig mh mcehmdfhf y pcr im pmhgtim nigedcghfc y edreumõ pcec, yh quiriedjdõ im gcnjri fi "ecg odfig edhm". Zdvh-Hbýirc siøhmh mh pcsdjmi hnigh zh jcmdvdhgh scjri im sur fim \irû qui äm, sdigfcbrhg `dstcrdhfcr, tigîh qui shjir qui irh nuy vdikh. Ecnc oõrnumhs phrh ivdthr ug e`cqui, igtcgeis qudzè dgndgigti,fiodigfi mh ugdõg hfuhgirh y ugh ecgoifirhedõg fi istrueturh hn pmdh igtri mcs tris ecgtigfc ris ig mh buirrh fi 8024-8005, scjri mh jhsi fi qui im \irû si ocrthmiedisi. Hgèmcbh tisds `hjîh sdfc pmhgtihfh ig 845< ig mhs pèbdghs odghmis fim mdjrcfi K. Jhshfri, Mh dgdedhedõg fi mh Zipûjmdeh. Fis puäs fi 845:, yh Zdvh-Hbýirc gc dgsdstdõ ig mc qui fd kc isi høc ecgodfig-edhmnig ti hgti su hufdtcrdc ehstrigsi scjri im pimdbrc jcmdvdhgc qui oui nuy rihm yh qui im bigirhm Augf `hjîh trh zhfc imisquinh ndguedcsc scjri im hthqui hm \irû. Mhs edreugsthgedhs mmivhrcg, nès jdig, h mh buirrh fim E`hec.



826







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


y pcr mc thgtc corieîh nès vig th kh euhgfc ioie tuèjh si h trhväs fi mh ruth pi ruhgh fi Hrdeh, quieuhgfc cp thjh pcr mh fi Juigcs Hdris (8);

• Jui gcs Hdris h; \ctcsî U/. 8?,6 Eùqudsheh U/. 84,<

• Jui gcs Hdris h; Crurc U/. ::,< Ece`hjhn jh U/. :9,< Mh \hz U/. :?,<

• Hrdeh h; \ctcsî U/. 8?,6 Eùqudsheh U/. 8?,6

• Hrdeh h; Crurc U/. 85,6 Ece`hjhn jh U/. 85,6 Mh \hz U/. 2,<: Im puirtc fi Hrdeh, ougfhfc ig im ceähgc \h eîodec ig 8959, ig ugh isqudgh fi ugh vhsth mmh-

gurh ecg hjugfhg ti prc vdsdõg fi hbuh, mh ni kcr zcgh igtri im Ehmmhc y _hmphrhîsc, sibûg si fd kcecg ixhetdtuf ig mcs fîhs ecmcgdhmis, hmehgzõ ig jrus eh prcspi rdfhf fis fi 896? ecg im fiseujrd-ndig tc fim Eirrc Zdec fi \c tcsî. Uu rimhedõg ecg im hmtdpmhgc tuvc ctrhs ohei ths hphrti fi mh purh-nig ti nir ehgtdm. Ougedcghrdcs y inpmihfcs fi mh Hufdigedh fi E`hrehs vdh khjhg fi hmmî h eunpmdrsus thrihs, ig viz fi hrrdisbhrsi h mh trhvisîh fi 8.9<< ndmmhs fisfi Jui gcs Hdris. Irh im pugtc odghmig im ehndgc fim hmtdpmhgc, h trhväs fim chsîs fi Vhegh, y pcr h`î phshjh im trèodec fis fi Mh \hz,Ece`hjhn jh y mhs zc ghs nès figshnig ti pc jmhfhs fi mh ribdõg. Mh oruth, im hzûehr y mhs heidtughsfi mcs khrfdgis drrdbhfcs ig Hrhph y fi nès fdstrdtcs hriqudpi øcs hm mhfc fi ctrcs prc fue tcs y `hs-th im nireurdc fi @uhgehvimdeh, rindtdfc pcr mh vîh fi mh ecsth, sujîhg ig nu mhs y mmhnhs hm Hmtc\i rû. Hfdedcghmis ruths fi ig mhei ig tri im \heîodec y mh hgtdbuh Hufdigedh fi E`hrehs `hmmèjhg siig im sietcr fim mhbc Vdtdeheh qui ugîh h Mh \hz ecg \ugc, Euzec y Hriqudph. Uujîhg pcr tc fcs iscsehndgcs y hmdnig tcs y cj kitcs dnpcrthfcs1 y jh khjhg ctrcs hmdnig tcs y, hfi nès, ndgi rhmis y eceh.Hriqudph irh trhfdedcghmnig ti ug eig trc fi nh ycr fi ri mhedcgis nir ehgtdmis, dgti rrun pdfhs pcrjri vi tdin pc ig mcs fîhs odghmis fim ecmcgdh ki euhgfc ug si øcr hpimmdfhfc Ec ti rc, brhedhs h supcfir hg ti im vdrriy Mh Uirgh, imivõ mcs priedcs y hsî ohvcriedõ mh brhvdthedõg fi mcs nirehfi ris fiJui gcs Hdris scjri im Hmtc \i rû. Euhgfc vdgc mh dgfi pig fig edh, yh si gcrnh mdzhrcg mhs ecshs1 y imjmcquic fim Zîc fi mh \mhth mmivõ hm eriedndig tc fi mcs ecgthetcs hgti fde`cs (: ). Immcs irhg fi nûm-tdpmis tdpcs. Im eõgsum Zdeaitts is erdjdõ hm ndgdstrc Ehgdgb ig nhyc fi 80:? qui Ec e`hjhn jhfi jîh sir mh ehpdthm fi mh Zipûjmdeh irdbdfh pcr Uueri y mcs fcetcris fi Eù qudsheh ig vdsth fi quiirh nès eig trhm qui mh fceth edufhf y ti gîh nès oèedm ecnu gdehedcgis ecg Hrdeh (5). Uu emdnh istin pmhfc y fis fi tdin pcs htrès sirvîh ecnc brh gi rc phrh im Hmtc \i rû. Ncqui buh ixpcrthjhbrhg phrti fi sus mdecris, su heidti y sus heidtughs gc hm gcrti sdgc hm nirehfc ri mhtdvhnig ti eir-

ehgc qui oui ix trhg kirc fis fi 80:9.Ig ehn jdc, sd mhs rimhedcgis iec gõndehs igtri im sur fim \i rû y Jcmdvdh irhg mhs qui jrivinig-ti si dgfdeõ, hquimmh pcredõg fi ti rrdtcrdc ghedcghm tigîh ni gcs ecgthetc fi is ti bä gi rc ecg imgcrti ig mcs høcs 8059-8054 y ig mcs priei fig tis. Mh ghvibhedõg h vhpcr gc `h jîh mmibhfc h mh

gC IUFIUEHJIMMHFC

Uu\CgIZ quI UDgMH oCZNDFHJMI T

VIgHz IgINDUVHFFI E@DMI, UHgVH

EZuz @uJDIZH\CFDFC

UCUVIgIZ,\ZCUIBuDZ T

H@CgFHZ Uu_HUVC \MHg, N U

\ZÕxDNC HMIgUuIøC FIJCMî_HZ (…)

(8) K. _hmirdi Odsìr pu jmdeh isths dgocrnh edcgis tcnh fhs fim hre`dvc codedhm jrdtègdec ig su mdjrc Jc mdvdh Mhgf, Mcehtdcghgf \c mdtis sdgei 80:9 . Ehnjrdfbi Ygdvirsdty \riss, 842:, p. :5.(: ) E.N. Zdeaitts h Bicrbi Ehggdgb, Mdnh :2 fi fd edin-jri fi 80:?. Fc eunig tc dgäfdtc fim Ocridbg Coodei trhgserdtc pcr K._. Odsìr, cj. edt., p. :6.(5) E.N. Zdeaitts h BicrbiEhggdgb, ig K._. Odsìr, cj. edt., p. :2.




Im firrunji fi mhEcgoifirhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh tuvc ecnfitcghgti mh jhthmm Tugbhy (Ègehs`). Igimmh, im ik redtc e pimiõ kugtc h coded piruhgcs ixdmdhfcs risthurhr mh hutcgcnghedcghm ig im BcjIsth nifhmmh ouiigtribhfh h HbustîgBhnhrrh pcr mcsinpmihfcs fi mh Ehsfi Ncgifh fi Euzecig 8054. Uu dgserdpfdei; "Mh miy risthu pcr im vhmcr fim IkYgdfc ig Ègehs`".

MH NIFHMMFI BHNHZZH

ecsth ceedfig thm fim \heîodec. Mcs ehndgcs irhg mhrbcs y fdoîedmis, h trhväs fi mh orhbcsdfhf fi mcsHgfis. Gc `h jîhg sdfc ecg ei jdfcs ig is ths ecnhr ehs im oirrcehrrdm gd im timäbrhoc.

\i rc mcs ohetcris bic brèodec-iec gõndecs risumthrcg fi ni gcr ioietc, ig im ehsc hquî istu-fdhfc, qui mcs iminig tcs fi tdpc ndmdthr, bicpc mîtdec, pcmîtdec i dgtir ghedcghm.

Q DDD ^MCU OHEVCZIU NDMDVHZIU I DGVIZGHEDCGHMIU IG IM FIZZYNJI FI MH ECGOI-FI ZHEDÕG.- Gc is fis ehji mmhfc su pcgir qui, sdg mh ocrndfh jmi y tighz igi ndsthf fi E`d mi,Uhgth Eruz ùjdi rh pcfdfc scs ti gir, prcsi budr y h`cgfhr su vhstc pmhg, nès prõxdnc hm igsui-øc fi Jc mîvhr hugqui sdg su drrhfdhedõg h mh Brhg Ecmcnjdh qui im isqui nh fi Uu eri (ehpturhfi Hrdeh ecg mh fdvdsdõg fim \irû ig fcs Is thfcs y, sd orhehshjh is th oõrnu mh, ugh mdbh ecg E`dmiy Hrbig tdgh, sibûg mc ecnprui jh mh fiemhrhedõg fim brhg nhrdsehm fi Hyheue`c oie`hfh im 6fi hjrdm fi 80:2).

E`dmi y, ig nue`c ni gcr brhfc, mhs prcvdgedhs fi Zîc fi mh \mhth, qui thn jdäg ouircg h mhbui rrh ecgtrh mh ghedigti Ecg oifi rhedõg, pusdircg ig mh jhmhgzh im pisc fi su ouir zh buirri-rh (ig im ehsc fi E`d mi, hfinès im fi su supi rdcrdfhf nh rîtdnh, im fi su jui gh crbhgdzhedõghf ndgdstrhtdvh y im fi mh iodedigedh fi sus scmfh fcs y fi sus ki ois). Hm ndsnc tdin pc, is tcshf virshrdcs dgtir ghedcghmis fdircg h mcs igindbcs dgtir gcs qui mh Ecgoifi rhedõg tigîh ig im\i rû y ig Jc mdvdh ug istînu mc igcrni, y ecg trdju yi rcg h mh fiedsdõg fi nu e`hs vcmugthfisqui, ig im ehsc fi vir si hdsmhfhs, `hjrîhg sdfc, pcr edirtc, nès ehuths. \cr ctrh phrti, hm virsiig vuimtc ig dgei shgtis bui rrhs dgtir ghedcghmis, Uhgth Eruz pirfdõ im hrbunig tc is brdndfc hsu ohvcr fig trc fi mh pcmîtdeh dgtir gh; mh giei sdfhf fi is thjmieir im crfig y mh phz. Mh Ecgoi-fi rhedõg hphri edõ ugdfh h eruigtcs ri euirfcs fis fi qui in pi zõ fi rrhnhg fc shgbripi ruhgh, dfigtdodehfh prdni rc ecg mcs hfiptcs fi Bh nh rrh y muibc ecg mh pirscgh ndsnh fiUhmhvirry y sus kõvigis si euheis (8).

Vhnpcec ehji ni gcspri edhr mhs hmtir ghtdvhs fi mh buirrh 8052-8054. Ig mh prdni rh ehn-phøh, Uhgth Eruz gc si fi edfdõ h trcehr su prcpdedh sdtuhedõg istrhtäbdeh ig ugh vdetcrdhdnpmhehjmi1 y cptõ pcr odrnhr ug phetc trhgsheedcghm, suserdtc ig \hu ehrphth qui muibc E`dmifis ecgcedõ. Fi mh sibugfh ehn phøh, fdeig mcs erîtdecs fim \rctie tcr qui dgdedhmnig ti gcutdmdzõ isti hmbughs cpcrtugdfh fis ohvcrhjmis1 qui ecni tdõ igsi budfh im irrcr fi hpri surhr-si ig mh pirsi euedõg hm ikäredtc fim bigi rhm e`dmigc Jumgis `hs th Tugbhy (sdg fufh, hgti imti ncr fi hmbughs fi oieedcgis ig im sur fim \irû c ig Jc mdvdh)1 y qui ig Juîg y ig Tugbhy ehyõvig edfc. Uhgth Eruz, hm origti fi ug ikär edtc, irh juig ec ndshrdc c hfndgdstrhfcr1 pirc bui-rrirc ni fdhgc. @ujc, hfi nès, ig im fui mc igtri E`dmi y mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, qui irh ig rihmdfhfim fuimc igtri \cr thmis y im nhrdsehm phei øc, ugh edreugsthgedh qui qudzès oui mh fiedsdvh. Ämy ùis tis vi gîhg fi mcs Hgfis1 ig ehn jdc im viîeumc fi mhs fcs ixpi fdedcgis e`dmighs oui mhis euhfrh. _dstc is qui nè tdehnig ti oui im e`cqui ig tri mh ecrfdmmirh y im nhr. Uhgth Eruzpcfîh pri sig thr scmfh fcs dbuhmis c sdndmhris h mcs fim ikäredtc fi mh Zisthurhedõg1 pirc sunh rdgh irh gctcrdhnig ti dgoirdcr y mc fi kõ ecgfi ghfc h ugh is trhti bdh fioigsdvh. Mh sdnphtîh

qui `h eîh äm ivdfig edõ Dgbmhti rrh, ripri sig thfh pcr mh thrfîh bis tdõg phedodsth fi isi phîs, gctuvc tdin pc phrh hmti rhr mh rihmdfhf bic pcmîtdeh fi ug nh ycr ecgti gdfc nc fir gc ig mhis trueturh fi E`dmi.

Ehji nig edcghr, hfinès, ugh si rdi fi ì e`cs qui ecg trdju yircg, ecg ugh iodehedh euycvcmunig gc si pui fi fi tir ndghr nhti nè tdehnig ti, pi rc qui ehji su pcgir fi tc fcs nc fcsnuy ouirti, ig im fi sig vcmvdndig tc fim hecgti eir `dstõrdec.

(8) Im nès imceuigti tis tdnc gdc fim sigtdndigtc githnig ti pi ruhgc ig mh mue`h ecgtrh Uhgth Eruz oui mh ehrth quiigvdõ Nhguim Nhrtîgiz h Crji bcsc, ecnc si erithrdc bigi rhm fi Uhmhvirry, ecg oie`h :: fi igi rc fi 805? ( Im Zipujmd-ehgc , Hriqud ph, G¼ 8< fi 8? fi nhr zc fi 8054).



82?







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


Q Dv ^OHEVCZIU FINCBZÈODECU T ECNIZEDHMIU.- Uibûg mhs nhtrîeumhs hetuhfhs phrh imecjrc fi mcs dnpuis tcs ig 805?, mh pcjmhedõg fi mcs fiphrthnig tcs qui dgti brhrcg im IsthfcUuf-\i ruhgc oui mh sdbudigti (8);

@hjdthgtis • Hyheue`c y @uhgehvimdeh 894.?<0 • Euzec :8?.50: • \u gc 89?.<<< • Hriqudph y Ncqui buh 85?.08: Uunh ??0.0<:

Mhs edorhs finc brèodehs ig mcs fiphrthnig tcs y prcvdgedhs mdtcrhmis figtrc fim Isthfc Gcr-\i-ruhgc ri sumthg nh ycris;

@hjdthgtis • Mdnh y Ehmmhc 898.280 • Mh Mdjir thf 8?:.6:4 • Hnhzcghs 28.:?2 • \durh 95.089 • Ègehs` 8:8.6?: • Kugîg 866.:65

Uunh 2<6.456

Nès gcthjmi oui mh fdoirig edh ig mc qui hthøi im ncvdndig tc fi mhs dnpcrthedcgis y mhsixpcrthedcgis, ecnc si fi fu ei fi mcs fhtcs ecgsdbghfcs pcr im nhrdgc sui ec Ehrm Hubust Bcs-simnhg fis puäs fi su vdsdth ig 8052 h mh "Zipûjmdeh \i rû-jc mdvdhgh". Mcs nès hmtcs dgbri scs fimis thfc prc vigîhg fi mh hfuhgh fim Ehmmhc. Uibûg is ti hutcr, mhs ehshs fim ec niredc fim \i rû ecggi bcedcs ig im ixtrhg kirc "istèg is thjmiedfhs ig Mdnh y tdigig sus hbig tis ig mcs puirtcs dnpcr-thfcs sdtuhfcs ig mh ecsth". Bcssimnhg fdc mcs gcnjris fi euh trc ehshs dgbmishs, fcs gcrtih ni-rdehghs, fcs orhgei shs y ugh isphøcmh igtri mhs fi nhycr vcmunig y hbri bõ; "Fi mcs ecnir edhg-tis fim phîs y gc `hy gdgbugc qui `h bh gibcedcs ig im ixtrhg kirc" (: ).

@hy qudigis ighr jc mhg im hrbunig tc fi qui Uhg th Eruz prcti bdõ mh dgfus trdh tixtdm, c sih mcscjrh kis ig im Euzec. Udg injhr bc, ig im nh gdodistc Im bigi rhm Uhgth Eruz y su ecgfueth pûjmdeh(Xudtc, 806<) mäisi; "Im ecnir edc dgtir ghedcghm fim \irû si fi shrrcmmõ ixtrhcrfdghrdhnig ti. Mcsnir ehfcs fim \i rû ouircg surtdfcs ecg tc fh emhsi fi nir ehfi rîhs"(5).

Mh cpdgdõg pûjmdeh ig im sur. Ehji `h mmhr siøhmis dgiquîvcehs fi qui ig Hri qudph thgtc mh hmthemhsi ec nc im puijmc sdnphtdzhrcg ecg Uhgth Eruz y mh Ecgoifi rhedõg. Ig fde`h hetdtuf dgomuyi-rcg, sdg fufh, mhs hgtdbuhs vdgeumhedcgis iec gõndehs nig edcghfhs ig mh sieedõg DDD fim prisig tiig shyc, dgti ri sis fi hmbughs ohndmdhs pcfi rcshs, hgi mcs fi odburhedõg pûjmdeh, risdstig edhs hgti

im eigtrhmdsnc fi Mdnh. Im mdjrc fi Kuhg Buhmjir tc _hmfdvdh,Ninc rdhs scjri mhs rivcmuedcgis fi

(...) Ig HZIquD\HVHgVC MH HMVHEMHUI ECNC IM

\uIJMCUDN\HVDzHZCg

ECg UHgVH EZuz TMH

ECgoIFIZHEDÕg.g FDE@H HEVDVuFDgoMuTIZCg, UDg

FuFH, MHUHgVDBuHU

_DgEuMHEDCgIUIECgÕNDEHU

NIgEDCgHFHU IgMH UIEEDÕg DDD FIMZIUIgVI IgUHTC,

DgVIZIUIU FIHMBugHU oHNDMDHU

\CFIZCUHU,Hg@IMCU FIoDBuZHEDÕg

\ÛJMDEH,ZIUDUVIgEDHU

HgVI IMEIgVZHMDUNC FI

MDNH

(8) Vrhgserdjdõ mhs edorhs hquî ri prcfuedfhs Ifuhr fc Ehrrhsec ig suEhmigfhrdc y Buîh fi Ocrhsti rcs phrh im høc jdsdistcfi 8060 , Mdnh, Dnp. Kcsä Nhrîh Nhsîhs, 8062, p. 58. Isth Buîh oui nue`c nès rdeh ig pcrni gcris isthfîstdecs qui mhshgti rdcris. (: ) Mh Zipûjmdeh \i rû-jc mdvdhgh (8052), pcr Ehrm Hubust Bcssimnhg. Ifdedõg fi Nhbgus Nÿrgir, ig Dgocrnisscjri mcs Isthfcs su fhni rdehgcs ig mcs høcs fi 8052-8050. Istcecmnc, Dgstdtutc fi Is tufdcs Djirchni rdehgcs, 84?2, pp. 99-?8). Mcs fhtcs ecgcedfcs heireh fi mh vdfh iec gõndeh y `heigfhrdh ig mh äpceh fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg scg, `hsthh`c rh, nuy isehscs. Jhsth ecg rivdshr mh pcjri zh qui hm ris pietc tdigi mh cjrhHghmis fi mh @hedigfh \û jmdeh ifdthfh pcr\i frc fi Fhg euhrt. Im isthjmiedndigtc fi hre`dvcs ribdcghmis, brhedhs h ugh rivcmuedcghrdh dgdedhtdvh fim Hre`dvc fi mhGhedõg hyufhrè sdg fufh, ig ug outurc prõ xdnc h dgvistdbhedcgis is piedhmd zhfhs hgtis nuy fdoîedmis. Nue`c is pirhncs,scjri tc fc, fi mcs `dstcrdhfc ris kõvigis ig Hriqud ph, Vhegh y Ncquibuh.(5) Nhgdodistc, p. 28.



820







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


Hriqud ph, mh prdni rh cjrh qui ig guis trh Hnärdeh ix`dji h mh bigti ù ndmfi c hgõ gdnh ec ncpir scgh ki prdgedphm ig su tixtc, rieuir fh nu e`cs ipdscfdcs heireh fim sdgei rc hoietc qui UhgthEruz susedtõ, oigõni gc si burhnig ti heig tuhfc ec nc rihe edõg hgti mh pcmîtdeh fi vdcmigedh quidgsig shthnig ti in pmiõ im ehufdmmc mdni øc ghedcghmdsth Uhmhvirry ig hqui mmh ribdõg. Mcs ikinpmcsqui si igu ni rhg igsi budfh tdigig im vhmcr fi sînjc mcs(8).

Ig im Euzec, im ctrc brhg eigtrc fim sur fim \irû, pufdircg dgomudr thnjdäg mcs hgtdbucs mhzcsecg im hmtdpmhgc ecgvirtdfc fis fi 80:9 ig Zi pûjmdeh fi Jc mdvdh. Udg injhrbc, fi ji sir ri ecrfh fcqui mh hgtdbuh ehpdthm fi mcs dgehs irh mh edufhf gh thm fi Hbustîg Bhnh rrh, im brhg ehufdmmc änumcecgsthgti fi Uhg th Eruz, nuy pcpumhr hmmè hûg ig ncnig tcs fi fis brhedh, sibûg ecgoisõ imsheirfc ti Jmhgec, ig im fdhrdc pcr äm iserdtc, hmusdvc h mc ceurrdfc ig fd edin jri fi 8056 (: ).

Ig im tunumtc surbdfc ig im Euzec hgti mh gctdedh fi qui mh vigi rhfh dnhbig fim Uiøcr fi mcs Vin jmcris djh h sir igvdhfh h Jc mdvdh, nctîg qui tuvc ig tri ugh fi sus ecg si euig edhs mh fistrue-edõg fim Ecmibdc fi Hrtis, hm mhfc fi sus ecg gcthedcgis fi ohghtdsnc ri mdbdcsc y fi ì rdfc cr bu-mmc ghedcghm, ixdstdõ, sdg fufh, ug oirnig tc hgtdjc mdvdhgc (5).

Mh cpdgdõg pûjmdeh ig im gcrti. Ig mc qui si riodiri hm gcrti, ehji hodrnhr qui, ig ecg kugtc,mh pcjmhedõg ecgsedigti fi is th zcgh si ecgsdfi rõ hni ghzhfh pcr mh Ecgoifi rhedõg. Hnigh-zhfh ig mh pripcg fi rhgedh qui, fisfi mh ecgscmdfh edõg isphøcmh ig im phîs, tuvc y hûg sdbuiti gdigfc ig guis trcs fîhs. @dstõrdehnig ti, ig im \i rû, mcs dgehs ripri sig thrcg ug nh ycr rihm-ei fim sur scjri im gcrti, brhvdthedõg hnighzhfh euhgfc mhs vdetcrdhs fi Hthuhmph dnpmdehrcgugh guivh tigfig edh; im pcfir fim ndmdthrdsnc qudti øc scjri mh gcjmizh trhfdedcghm qui imdgocrtughfc @uèsehr sdnjc mdzõ.

Muibc, mh ougfhedõg fi Mdnh pcr \dzhrrc y im sdbgdodehfc nc gcpõmdec qui is th edufhf tu vcscjri im _drridghtc mmivhrcg ig sî ugh ouirzh euyc vcmunig gh turhmnig ti pu fc ri sumthr ecgtrhpi-shfc hm pirti gi eir mcs tirrdtcrdcs fim sur h ugh ndsnh ec nu gdfhf pc mîtdeh kugtc ecg Jc mdvdh, nhtrdzfim guivc hphrhtc is ththm qui Uhgth Eruz in pi zõ h ohjrdehr.

Im gcthjmi shjdc hminèg Kc hgg Khacj vcg Vs u fd, risdfig ti ig Mdnh ig 8050, hgctõ im kûjdmc ecg qui hmmè oui riedjdfh mh fiemhrhedõg fi mh dgfi pig fig edh fim Isthfc Gcr-\i ruhgchgti im sdnpmi hgugedc fi mh dgndgig ti mmibhfh fi mh ixpi fdedõg e`dmigh hgtdshgtheruedgh. Udgin jhr bc, ugh hjsurfh jh thmmh igtri gcrpi ruhgcs y e`dmigcs eriõ ig ecgcs pcpumhris qui mcsecnir edhgtis ix trhg kircs htdzhrcg. Vsu fd ribdstrõ thn jdäg isti ehn jdc ig im ègdnc eh pdthmd-

Ig _HZDHUMIVZDMMHU oIMD\I\HZFC T HMDHBH

Ix\MCVÕ IUVIoHEVCZ

UDECMÕBDEC \HZH@HEIZ @HJMHZ Ig

ugH KIZBHVHZVHKCUH HM

FIECZHVD_C

\ZCVIEVCZ (…) TMMHNHZMC

”HMIKHgFZC@uHgHEC„,

”KIVDUA g„ C”E@CMC KIVÕg„,

ECNC UD ouIZH IMNHTCZ FIMDVC IM

@IE@C quIUHgVH EZuz gC

Vu_DIZH MHoDBuZH FI MCU

NCFIZgCU@äZCIU FIM EDgI.

(8) Uibûg _hmfdvdh, Uhgth Eruz cjtuvc im hvdsc cpcrtugc scjri mh nhre`h fi Uhmhvirry hgtis fim ecnjh ti fi edsdvc igtrihn jcs ehufdmmcs, brhedhs h ugh nu kir qui `hjîh nhg fh fc h su sdrvdigth fhr hmohmoh h su yibuh, mc euhm pirndtdõ h isthvir h mcs sh mhvirrdgcs hm ctrc mhfc fim rîc, ig im eirrc fi mh e`herh fi mh Ehgfi mhrdh fi @uhsheheì. Mh nu kir "ncgtõ ig pimc ig mh yibuh, phsõ im rîc fi \huehr phth y ecrrdõ vimcznig ti eireh fim phgtiõg„. Fis puäs fi dgocrnhr h Uhgth Eruzscjri mc qui ceurrîh, "mi su pmdeõ gc mh fituvdirh nès tdin pc fimhgti fi thg tcs scmfhfcs euhgtc si `hmmhjh ehsd fisgufh"(K.B. _hmfdvdh,Ni nc rdhs scjri mhs rivcmuedcgis fi Hri qudph fis fi 8056 `hs th 80?? , Mdnh ,Mh Cpdgdõg Ghedcghm8026, p. 862). Høcs nès thrfi, euhgfc Uhgth Eruz, vigedfc, ù yõ fi Hriqud ph phrh hsdmhrsi ig mh ehsh fim eõgsum dgbmäsErcnptcg, sibûg im ndsnc tis tdnc gdc, ctrh nu kir ùndmfi pri phrõ phrh im ehufdmmc oubdtdvc "ugh hmocr kh y ecmceõ ig immhugh bhmmdgh shgece`hfh, phg, jdzece`cs, e`cecmhti, e`cecmhti rh, pmhtcs, eue`hrhs, trdgeìs, eue`dmmcs, vdgc, ug hghoi,ùi vcs furcs, pcedmmcs, sirvdmmiths, ug phr fi jcths, ug phr fi nifdhs, ug scnjri rc, edbhrrcs purcs y fi ph pim", p. :80).(: ) Ig su fdhrdc fim vdh ki fim prisdfigti Crji bcsc hm sur fim \irû, ioietuhfc ig 8056 y 8059 y ifdthfc thg scmc ig 8426, imsheirfc ti Kcsä Nhrîh Jmhgec nig edcgh im gcnjri fi vh rdcs eurhs fi ph rrcqudhs ig im Euzec qui, ig sirnc gis prcgug-edhfcs ig dfdcnh qui eùh fi oigfdircg h Bhnh rrh igtcgeis ehîfc, hsî ecnc h "mh e`cmh bhti rh mmhnh fh Ymheh, qui`h eîh prc phbhgfh h ohvcr fi isti ehufdmmc igtri sus ecn phøi rhs fim nirehfc„. Jmhgec trhgserdji ug fdèmcbc bhnh rrds-th ig quieùh fi mh Ymheh ecg im prisjî ti rc Nime`cr Crtdz, rietcr fim Uindghrdc (Kcsä Nhrîh Jmhgec, cj. edt., ifdedõg, prõmcbc y gcths fi Oämdx Figibrd, Mdnh, \cg tdodedh Ygdvirsdfhf Ehtõmdeh, 8426, _cm. D, pp. :80, :::, :96 y :99. Ig im _qui istè fi fdehfc h mhs gcths scjri im nigedcghfc Fdhrdc, pp. 860 y 864. Mh pc mdtd zhedõg fi mcs sirnc gis ig dfdc nhhutõetcgc in pi zõ fisfi mh sujmivhedõg fi Vû phe Hnhru. Oui hmbc hsî ecnc ug pi rdcfdsnc crhm hgti mhs nhshs hghm-ohji ths. (5) Im nctîg fim Uiøcr fi mcs Vinjmcris, qui hrrhstrõ h mh pmiji euzquiøh ig ocrnh dn pcgig ti, `h sdfc ivc ehfc pcr fdvirscs hutcris. Vhnjdäg oui im tinh fi vh rdcs eh pîtumcs ig mh gcvimh fi Ghredsc Hrästi budIm phfri @crèg , pujmd-ehfh crdbdghrdhnig ti ig 8060 (G. Hrästi bud,Im phfri @crèg , Mdnh, Ifdtcrdhm Ygdvirsc, sdg oie`h, _cm, DD, pp. 0:-40ndsnc Hrästibud ghrrh qui, ig iscs fîhs fi ceu phedõg fim Euzec pcr trc phs jcmdvdhghs, mhs nue`he`hs euzquiøhs,eu yc dfdcnh gh tdvc irh im quieùh, gc scmîhg sir prc pdedhs hgti mcs bhmhgtics fi mcs kiois y codedhmis fim ikäredtc dgvhscrqui, ig isths hvigturhs, si ecnu gdehjhg ig tri sî ig hynh rh ecnc sd isth migbuh ouisi ug eõfdbc sieritc.



80< \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :9

ecgsdsti, pcr mc prcgtc, ig ugh ehphedfhf dgti mietuhm, hrtîstdeh, dgfus trdhm, ite. Ghfh fi iscecgstdtuyi mh pctig edh ispi eîodehnig ti fi Is thfc. Is, nès jdig, ugh pi eumdhr igirbîh fiecì sdõg igtri mcs qui ocrnhg phr ti fi ug pui jmc, y h mh viz, fi dnpi rhedõg scjri mcs finèsc origti h mhs finès ec mietdvdfh fis gh edcghmis. Is, puis, fdrie th y ixemusdvhnig ti, vcmugthffi sc ji rhgîh `hedh figtrc qui imdndgh mh mhxdtuf fi mh vdfh scedhm i dnpdfi mh ohmth fi su nd-

sdõg fi mcs brupcs i dgfdvdfucs h mh scedifhf gh edcghm1 y `hedh houirh, hnpmdhedõg fi mcs ioie-tcs ugdodehfc ris, ghedcghmdzhfc ris c "is thtdodehfc ris "scjri ctrhs hbru phedcgis ù nh ghs… Mhvcmugthf fim Isthfc ikir ei su nès bi gudgh ndsdõg euhgfc si dn pcgi h mh tigfig edh ripumsd-vh fi rhzhs fdvirshs, cjmdbègfc mhs h ecgvdvdr y ecmhjc rhr ig ugh vdfh supi rdcr dgti brh"(8).

Mhs ordeedcgis piquiøhs ig mhs vîs pirhs fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg. Fis fi mh buirrh fi mh Dgfi pig fig-edh, pcr ctrh phrti, ù jc iminig tcs ohvcrhjmis h mh erihedõg c h mh ixheir jh edõg fi sig tdndig tcsfi e`c qui ig tri im Hmtc \i rû y im \irû. Euhgfc, ig mh buirrh fi mh Inhgedphedõg, mhs trcphspi ruhghs fi Bc yigi eì pi gi trhrcg ig im tirrdtcrdc fim Hmtc \i rû, si `dedircg brhgfi nig ti cfdc-shs pcr sus eruimfhfis. Ig 80:2, ec nc yh si fd kc, hm ecnprcjhr Uueri qui im \i rû `hjîh hrrc khfchm suimc im hgfhndh ki fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg erihfh pcr Jc mdvhr, dgtig tõ fdvdfdr mcs fiphrthnig tcs fimsur, ispi edhmnig ti Hriqudph y juseõ ugh ugdõg ecg E`dmi y Hrbig tdgh. Muibc, euhgfc si fdceuig th fi qui su igi ndbc pir scghm, Bhnh rrh, si `hjîh nc vdmdzhfc ecg su ikäredtc h mh orcgti rhig 80:0, prc eurõ erihr ugh "ugdõg shbrhfh" ig tri mcs jcmdvdhgcs1 y sus iserdtcs phrieig ri omi khris th ecgsdbgh; "Im \irû; ì h`î im igindbc".

Hfdedcghmis ehushs fi rig ecr fi khrcg mcs scmfh fcs pi ruhgcs fi Bh nh rrh euhgfc dgvhfdi-rcg im tirrdtcrdc jcmdvdhgc isi nds nc høc fi 80:0 ph rh fhr mubhr, fis puäs fi fd virshs dged-fig edhs, hm bcjdirgc qui nès pmheîh h su kioi igehji zhfc pcr \i frc Jmhgec, ehufdmmc qui jdigprcgtc oui fi puis tc y hsisdghfc. T ig tri 8058 y 8055, is fiedr, hpighs tris høcs hgtis fimdgtig tc fi oug fhr mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, Jcmdvdh y im \irû vdvdircg fîhs fi zc zcjrh bui rrirh1 yhn jcs ehn phnig tcs si irdbdircg origti h origti ig im Fi shbuhfi rc. Mh nutuh vdbdmhgedhorcgti rdzh y mh hetdtuf nc fi rhfh fim Ecgbri sc fi Mdnh (ig mh qui ugdärcgsi kugtc h bi gi rc-scs sig tdndig tcs phedodsths, im hgi mc pcmîtdec fi gc fi khr qui Bhnh rrh cj tuvdisi mhuri mis,hetdtufis, hn jhs, ocrthmiedfhs pcr mh nifdhedõg fi E`dmi, ripûjmdeh èvdfh fi qui si nhg tu-

(8) K. Crti bh y Bhssit, "Im bigdc fi mh buirrh hminh gh" igCjrhs ecn pmiths , DD, sätdnh ifd edõg, Zivdsth fi Ce edfig ti ,Nhfrdf, 84??, p. :80.

FIUFI MH BuIZZHFI MH

DgFI\IgFIgEDH,\CZ CVZH \HZVI,@uJC IMINIgVCUoH_CZHJMIU H MHEZIHEDÕg C H MH

IxHEIZJHEDÕgFI UIgVDNDIgVCU

FI E@CquI

IgVZI IM HMVC\IZÛ T IM \IZÛ.

\hsõ sus prdni rcs høcs ig Mdnh y Euz ec. Ig 8086,

su ohndmdh si trhsmhfõ h Is phøh, fcg fi eur sõ is tu-fdcs. Ig 80:0 ri bri sh hm \irû y hm høc sdbudigtitc nh mh fdrie edõg fim pirdõfdec Im Ecgedmdhfcr , qui hpc-yhjh hm räbdnig fi Bh nh rrh. Hfi nès, ec mhjc rh ecg mcsfdhrdcs Nir eurdc \i ruh gc y Mh _irfhf . Isi nds nc høcpu jmdeh su prdni rh ecni fdh;Orutcs fi mh ifu ehedõg, cjrhpri eursc rh fim tihtrc gh edcghm.\hr tdedpõ ig mh pcmîtdeh is erdjdig fc ph rh mcs fdhrdcs Im@d kc fim Ncgtc gi rc , Im Ecec fi Uhg th Eruz y \h rh Nu e`h-

ouI ugH FI MHU N UNCZFHEIU \MuNHU

FIM \IZDCFDUNC\IZuHgC T

\HZVDED\Õ IgIgEIgFDFCU

FIJHVIU \CMîVDECU.

oIMD\I \HZFC T HMDHBH (80<?-80?0




vdirh im iqudmdjrdc fi pc fir ig im \h eîodec Uur jh kc mh dgspdrhedõg gc scmc fi Fdibc \cr thmis,ecnc thg tc si `h ri pi tdfc, sdgc thn jdäg fi Hgfräs Ji mmc), fituvdircg mh buirrh qui ig tcg-eis phri edirh dgivdthjmi y qui ig ehsc ù jdi si ti gdfc ec nc orutc ugh vdetcrdh piruhgh.

Mh orhbdmdfhf dgtirgh fi Jc mdvdh. Hm ndsnc tdin pc, fi ji sir tc nh fh ig euig th mh orhbdmdfhf dgtir-gh fi Jc mdvdh.

Mhs edufhfis fi Mh \hz y Eùqudsheh irhg rdvhmis. Hgfräs Uhgth Eruz priodrdõ h hquimmh scjriis th1 y thm hetdtuf gc fi kõ fi ripir eutdr ig su ehîfh pcrqui mh zcgh eigtrhm fi mh Zipûjmdeh qui impri sdfdõ fis fi 80:4 gc ti gîh igtusdhsnc pcr im ixpi rdnig tc dgdedhfc ig 8059. Big ti fi dn pcr-thgedh ig Eùqudsheh, \ctcsî y Vhrd kh gc sdnphtdzõ khnès fi vi rhs ecg mh Ecgoifi rhedõg1 y mh vhsthzcgh fi Uhgth Eruz isthjh ehsd hdsmhfh (8).

Ig 805<, euhgfc irh nd gdstrc ig Jc mdvdh, Nhrdhgc Èmvhriz nh gdoistõ ig su ecrrispcgfig edh hmh Ehgedmmirîh fi Mdnh qui sd `hjîh sdfc hg tis phrtdfhrdc fi ugdõg igtri mcs fcs phîsis, yh gc mci rh (: ). Mc ndsnc ceu rrdõ ecg nue`cs pi ruhgcs dgdedhmnig ti hndbcs fi mh mmhnh fh "riousdõg"ecg im Hmtc \i rû.

Q vD ^MH ECGOIFI ZHEDÕG, "IFDODEDC FINHUDHFC _HUVC".- Hm istufdhr, puis, ecg sirigd-fhf, mh crbhgdzhedõg fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh si vi qui gc irh ugh cjrh sõ mdfh.Ecnc "ifd odedc finh sdhfc vhstc, riugdõg nhm hsiburhfh fi Is thfcs qui ndm rdvhmis fdvdfîhg", mhehmdodeh H. Jctndmdhu, qui ouirh vdei eõgsum fi Orhgedh ig im \irû.

(8) _. Odseìr, cj. edt. , p. 6?.(: ) "Tc ig ug tdin pc kuzbhjh thn jdäg ecgvigdigti fde`h riousdõg (mh fim \irû y Jcmdvdh. K.J.)1nès `h jdigfc vdstc y ixhndghfc fi gui vc istcs mubhris, mh ecgsdfi rc fisvigth kcsh hm \irû, hsî pcrqui sirîh ix pcgirmchm origi sî fi mh oifi rhedõg y sus istrhtcs fi mcs qui istèg hfc miedigfc mhs finès Zi pûjmdehs fi Hnärdeh, ecnc pcr quigc is oèedm qui si fdrd kh jdig ugh Zi pûjmdeh fi nu e`h ixtigsdõg. Zcussihu ig im prõmcbc fi sus cjrhs `h jmh scjri im phrtdeumhr. Ouirh fi is tc, mc qui prcfu ei Jcmdvdh isehshnig ti pui fi hmehg zhr phrh sus bhstcs ghturhmis1 y thm viz gcjhs thrîh, tigdigfc qui nhg tigir eriedfhs buhrgdedcgis qui ecgtuvdisig puijmcs rivcmtcscs pcr dgemdghedõg. Dn pcgir-mis mh miy y shehr fi immcs mhs vigth khs qui si puifhg pcr ni fdc fi trhthfcs si burcs, ni phriei mc nès ecgvigdigti. Igodg, h fiedr virfhf, gc sä sd im pigshndigtc fi is ti prisdfig ti scjri mh riousdõg sih pcrqui ig rih mdfhf mi nuivi im jdigfi mcs puijmcs, c pcr im ndsnc prdged pdc pcrqui im bigi rhm Mh Nhr trhthjh fi ri ecgqudsthr Buh yhqudm y qui ouisi fim\i rû. Im nhgfc fi isti, hm qui hmbugh viz mc `h prcjh fc, mi fi kh nue`h hodedõg" (Èmvhriz hm ndgdstrc fi ZimhedcgisIxti rdcris, Mh \hz, 88 fi hbcstc fi 805< igHre`dvc fdpmcnè tdec pi ruhgc, Mdnh, Ndgdsti rdc fi Zimhedcgis Ix ti rdcris, 8452, Ehrmcs Crtdz fi [ivhmmcs \hz Ucmfèg, riec pdmhfcr, p. 00).

Mh Ecgoifirhedõg \ijcmdvdhgh igecgtrõ scrprisdvh risdstigedigtri mcs jcmdvdhgc vdvîhg ig edufhfiseirehghs h mh orcgtiecg im \irû. Ig isths, fdoirigedh fi hquimmnès hmikhfhs fi mh fdvdscrdh, ecnc Mh surbdircg dnpcrthgtiocecs fi risdstigedh. oui im ehsc fiEùqudsheh, qui sifiemhrõ cpuisth h m pmhgis fi Uhgth Eruisth octc (805:) sihpriedh mh pmhzh prdgedphm fi mh ed

MH ZIUDUVFI E@YXYD

e`cs , mcs euhmis nhgti gîhg ugh hjdir th cpc sdedõg hm

bi gi rhm Crji bc sc. Uus hrtîeumcs, fi ehrèetir drõgd-ec, sdrvdircg ph rh hthehr mhs dfihs mdji rhmis fi mhäpc eh.Ig 8055 pu jmdeõ mhs ecni fdhs ecstun jrdsths Yghùär ohgh ig E`c rrdmmcs, Fcg Mic ehfdc y im Hgdvir sh rdcfi Hyh eue`c . Vhnjdäg oui gcn jrh fc nd gdstrc pmi-gdpc tig edhrdc ig Is phøh, pi rc fi jdõ muibc ri ou-bdhrsi ig E`d mi, fijdfc h mh dgisthjdmdfhf pc mîtdehfi shthfh pcr mh nuirti fi Uh mhvirry.

Oui ug furc erîtdec fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg \irû-

jcmdvdhgh. Fi 8066 h 8094, pujmdeõ ig im pirdõfdec ImIs pi kc fi nd Vdirrh ugh si rdi fi hr tîeumcs ecstun jrds-ths y pci sîhs shtîrdehs. „Im Gdøc Bc ydtc„, ugc fi mcseuig tcs nès dn pcr thgtis fi su cjrh, gh edõ hmmî.Fu rhgti im bcjdir gc fi Ehs tdmmh vcmvdõ h mh vdfh pc mî-tdeh, pi rc ugh ph rèmdsds y mh eibui rh mc cjmdbhrcg hvdh khr h Iurcph ig jus eh fi ugh eu rh. Hm gc cjti girmcs risumthfcs is pi rhfcs, vcmvdõ hm \irû, fcg fiphsõ sus ûmtdncs høcs.



80:







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


T hbribh H. Jctndmdhu isths phmhjrhs qui fi jig sir ni fdthfhs; "\cr brhgfi qui oui rh imbi gdc fi su kioi, gc pcfîh pir fu rhr y fisfi im prdnir fîh oui pc sdjmi hgugedhr su rudgh. Gc ouiscmhnig ti mh dgtir vigedõg e`dmigh mc qui mh fistruyõ, oui mh ouirzh ndsnh fi mhs ecshs.

Mh dgtir vigedõg fi E`dmi gc oui tindjmi sdgc fi mcs ndsncs pui jmcs fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg.Hugqui Uhgth Eruz ùjdi si vig edfc ig Tug bhy, `hjrîh sueun jdfc nès thr fi c, pcr mc ni gcs,

`hjrîh sueun jdfc su suei scr.\hrh riugdr ig mhs nhgcs fi ug sc mc `cnjri phî sis thg fdmhthfcs, ig mcs qui mhs ecnu gdeh-edcgis ig tri mhs fdoirig tis edufhfis scg tc fhvîh fdoîedmis, im prctie tcr gi ei sdthjh mubhrti gdigtidgti mdbig tis y odimis ecg qudigis pc fir ecg thr ecg siburdfhf y ugh nh rdgh h vhpcr phrh trhgs-pcrthr ecg rhpdfiz sus ouirzhs y trhsmhfhrsi äm ndsnc h tc fcs mcs pugtcs hnig zhfcs" (8).

Ig ioie tc y fi heuir fc ecg ugh fi mhs cjsirvhedcgis fi Jct ndmdhu, Uhgth Eruz figtrc fiish fdmhthfh ix tig sdõg fi ti rrdtcrdc ùjdi rh fi jdfc riu gdr guni rcscs prioietcs y ctrcs thgtcs kiois fim ikäredtc ig ti rhnig ti hfdetcs. ¡Xuä eruimis irhg mhs riomixdcgis qui hm rispie tc mi `dzcC—Ecggcr! Vigîh scmc tris kiois ig qudigis ecg odhr; "Hm bigi rhm Jrhug, hm bigi rhm @irrirh y h nî,pcrqui sc ncs ix trhg kircs y gc pcfi ncs hs pdrhr h nès `c gcris gd fdstdgedcgis qui mcs quiì ncs hf qudrdfc yh" (: ).

Mhs buirrhs edvdmis mhtig tis ig Jc mdvdh ecnc hsdndsnc ig im \i rû fis fi mcs prdni rcs fîhsfi mh mdjir thf1 fdsecrfdhs ehpheis fi ird bdr vhrdhfhs ecgstdtuedcgis, fi hus pdedhr ctrhs dbuhmnig ti oubheis y fi vcmvir ioîni rcs h thgtcs bcjdirgcs1 mcs hgthbcgdsncs mcehmis qui gd mhgi ei sdfhf fi mh ugdõg hm sir prcemhnh fh mh inhgedphedõg pufc hehmmhr y qui rihphri edircgti ghznig ti h mc mhrbc fi mcs prdni rcs høcs fi mh ecgvumsh ixdstig edh fi hn jhs Zi pûjmdehs1 mhdgomuigedh fim guivc prdgedpdc fi mh scji rhgîh fim puijmc ig euyc gcn jri hbdtèjhg si vdcmig-edhs numtdtufdghrdhs, hnjdedcgis fi mcs ehufdmmcs y igvdfdhs, rigecris y hpitdtcs fi qudi gishmri fi fcr fi immhs pumumhjhg1 im hncr drrdthjmi y qudsqudmmcsc h mh dgfi pig fig edh y im crbummcedorhfc ig im gcn jri gh edcghm qui ecgvdvdircg ecg mhs bmcrdhs ecnu gis y jdig prcg tc hzuzh-rcg edibhs mue`hs orhtrdedfhs y ig ecghrcg mcs hrfucs mdtdbdcs ig tcrgc h mcs ecnpmi kcs fismdgfisorcgti rdzcs1 tcfhs is ths ouirzhs gibhtdvhs ùjdi rhg, h mh ecrth c h mh mhrbh, ndghfc y is edgfdfcmh guivh igtdfhf pc mîtdeh qui, h trhväs fi mh vdcmigedh y h ecsth fi shg bri pi ruhgh, quirîh irdbdrUhgth Eruz. Ig edirth ocrnh y fig trc fi ugh is ehmh nès mdndthfh hugqui sdin pri vhsth fig trcfi mcs ni fdcs y iminig tcs fi hqui mmh äpceh, ougedcghjhg mhs ndsnhs rhzcgis y nc tdvcs quioèedmnig ti fis jh rhthrcg im pmhg ecgoifi rhm fi Jcmîvhr euyh bmcrdh y euyc bi gdc pcr ghfdi dbuh-mhfcs gc mcbrhrcg dnpi fdr im orheedcghndig tc fi mhs ndsnhs ghedcgis ugdfhs pcr su isphfh ypcr su phmhjrh. Fis puäs fim pirîcfc bi gäsdec fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh `hjîh surbdfc ug pi rîcfcfi orheedcghndig tc fi mhs hgtdbuhs ecmcgdhs isphøcmhs fi Hnärdeh, ecnc sd im vîgeumc pcmîtdecqui mhs mdbhrh igtri sî ù jdi si sdfc ûgdehnig ti im fi mh ncghrquîh ni trcpcmdthgh. H phrtdr fi805< gc ùjc ig im ecgtdgig ti ug sc mc Isthfc irdbdfc sc jri mh jhsi fi mh ousdõg c mh hmdhgzhfi ctrcs. Ig ehn jdc, thgtc ig Hnä rdeh Eigtrhm ecnc ig Hnä rdeh fim Uur, vhrdcs si ecgstdtuyi-rcg ni fdhgti mh fdspir sdõg fi Isthfcs nès vhs tcs. Uhgth Eruz gc `hjrîh pcfdfc dr ecgtrh mhecrrdigti fi su tdin pc1 y, pcr im ecgtrhrdc, hrrhstrhfc pcr immh su sdsti nh, is nuy prc jh jmi quimh isedsdõg igtri mhs Zipûjmdehs fim sur y fim gcrti fim \i rû ùjdi si cj ti gdfc pir nh gig edh y

rhdbhn jri(5)

.

(8) H. Jctndmdhu,"Mh Zipûjmdeh piruhgh. Mh scedifhf pi ruhgh" (8060). Mdnh, Eumturh Hgtèrtdeh, 8462, p. 8?9.(: )"Nd phrieirsiøcr mi fd ki, is qui si `h nitdfc Yf. ig ug jh rrc fim qui gc shmfrè ecg juig su eisc… ¡Isc is, fd kc sdin pri ecg phrieircpuistc hm nîc! \irc hm nigcs, ni fd kc, tigfrè mh jcgfhf fi fi edrni ig quä si ougfh.―Ni is nuy oèedm, siøcr, mi ris pcgfî,shjdigfc qui is thjh h ohvcr fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg. Ig istc ni ougfc; Xui pufdisi tigir juig ri sumthfc, gi eisdth edgeuigth prioietcs y ctrcs thgtcs ecnhg fhg tis bigirhmis, `cnjris hfdetcs y hoietcs ixemusdvhnig ti h mh pirscgh fi Yf. y gc tdigisdgc tris. Vdigi hm bigirhm Jrhug, hm bigirhm @irrirh y h nî pcrqui scncs ix trhg kircs y gc pcfi ncs hs pdrhr h nès `cgcris y fdstdgedcgis qui mcs qui ìncs hf qudrdfc yh". Orhgedsec Jurfitt C—Ecggcr, Zieuirfcs , Vhrd kh, Dn prigth fi Mh Istrimmh8049, p. :95.(5) Mh ixdstigedh fim Isthfc Uur-piruhgc, mh "Zipûjmdeh Uur-\iruhgh" ecnc fdkircg mhs ncgifhs indoui ug pimdbrc phrh mh ugdfhf ghedcghm. Ecg hmbugcs høcs nès fi vdfh, si `hjrîh hodhgzhfc. Ig im ehsc fi ug

MHU ECMCgDHUJZDV gDEHU FIEHgHF JHKH (@CTquIJIE) T EHgHF

HMVH (@CT CgVHZDC)UI ougFIg Ig MH

\ZC_DgEDH FIEHgHF . Ig 8092, MHEDuFHF FI CVVHwH

ouI FIUDBgHFHECNC EH\DVHM \CZMH ZIDgH _DEVCZDH, T

FDIz HøCU N UVHZFI IM

\HZMHNIgVC DgBMäUH\ZCJÕ IM JZDVDU@

gCZV@ HNIZDEH HEV,quI HUIBuZÕ MH

DgFI\IgFIgEDH TUCJIZHgîH FI

IUVI \HîU.

8<oIJZIZC8068

Q ehghfè ^



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


Q vDD ^MH NCZVHMDFHF FI MH DFIH ECGOIFI ZHM.- Mh ohmth fi ouirzh y fi ecgtdgudfhf ig imphrtdfc ohvcrhjmi h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg is ctrc fi mcs ohetcris `dstõrdecs qui im erîtdec fi ji tc nhrig euig th. Ud scmc mh vdcmigth dgtir vig edõg e`dmigh mh ie`õ pcr tdirrh ³\cr quä gc vcmvdõ immh hix`djdr nès thrfi ug vdetcrdcsc nc vdndig tc ig im \i rû c ig Jc mdvdh3 Ehji scs ti gir qui mh tighz

vdbdmhgedh fi mcs tris bcjdirgcs fu rhgti vhrdcs høcs phrh dnpi fdr im ribri sc fi Uhgth Eruz ecg-trdju yõ jhsthgti hm dgocrtugdc ig mh vdfh pcs ti rdcr fi is ti ehufdmmc. \irc, fis fi mhs mue`hs pcr mhdgfi pig fig edh, si shjîh fi nh sdhfc jdig qui fig trc fi mhs mdndthedcgis ig tcgeis cpi rhgtisscjri mh nhqudghrdh fim Isthfc, mh ouirzh ecstri øîh c hpmhzhjh mcs înpi tus pcpumhris1 pirc gc mcsh`c bhjh gd dnpi fîh su umti rdcr isthmmdfc. Mcs hfiptcs fim \rctie tcr mmibhrcg ig Jc mdvdh h cjti girmh fipcsdedõg fi _i mhsec jh kc im gcnjri fi "Zi bi gi rhedõg"1 sdg injhrbc, immc oui pcr ecrtc tdin-pc y phrh fhr mubhr hm surbdndig tc fi ug gui vc ehufdmmc, Jhmmdvdèg, ecg hnjdedcgis, dgti risis yjhg fi rîhs prcpdhs, hugqui thn jdäg mi sifu kc im siøui mc fi Hrdeh. Ig im \irû tcthmnig ti hghrqud-zhfc ig 8068 y 806:, ig ehn jdc, ghfdi prcemhnõ hjdir thnig ti h Uhg th Eruz ecnc ki oi supri nc.@i hquî ugh igtri mhs nue`hs subi rig edhs qui mh `dstcrdh ghrrhtdvh coriei h mh `dstcrdh bigätdeh. Mhvirfhf is qui, ecg sus he tcs, ghfdi dgtig tõ is ehrjhr ig mh tunjh fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg phrh risu-edthr su ehfè vir `hsth im priehrdc y cehsdcghm y, hm ndsnc tdin pc, ri tõrdec ipdscfdc fi 800< fu rhg-ti mh buirrh ecg E`dmi. Udg injhrbc, `u jc, ec nc vi rincs, hmbugcs qui, sc jri ph pi mis, dgsdstdircgig mcs närdtcs fi immh sdg qui oui sig iseue`hfcs pcr mcs bcjdirgcs, mcs phrtdfcs c mh cpdgõgpûjmdeh.

Ig ri sunig, Uhgth Eruz y su inpri sh `hmmhrcg nès hf ndrhfc ris mi kcs fi Hnärdeh fim Uur quifig trc fi immh. \hrh mcs iurcpics, sc jri tc fc mcs dgbmisis y mcs gcrtih ni rdehgcs, sdnjc mdzõ imhgugedc fi ugh hfndgdstrhedõg iodehz y mûedfh, ohvcrhjmi h mcs dgti ri sis ix trhg kircs. Uu firrun jimmibõ h sir dgtir pri thfc pcr fde`cs sie tcris ecnc ugh vir fhfi rh ehmhndfhf.

Uhgth Eruz y Bhrdjhy. Uhgth Eruz prisig th hsî ugh ixtrhøh ohmth fi jh mhgei ig su sdbgdodehfc`dstõrdec. Hphriei ec nc odburh ouirti, hf ndgdstrhtdvhnig ti, ecnc qui h nu e`c fi su cjrh igisi ehn pc si vcmvdõ nès thrfi1 y, h mh viz, ecnc odburh fäjdm fisfi im pugtc fi vdsth pcmîtdec hmixtri nc fi qui su dfihm gc tu vc ecgtdguhfc ris.

Vhg ecgtrhfdetcrdhs dgomuigedhs `dedircg fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh ug ixpi rdnig tcphrhfc khm. Ig im ocmamcri ehtõmdec `hy ugh eurdcsh `dstcrdh heireh fim hmnh htrdju mhfh fim pcjriBhrdjhy. \h rh äm gc si hjrdircg khnès mhs rc khs puirths fim dgodirgc1 y scmc fisfi houi rh pufc cîrmcs `dngcs y pmibhrdhs eimistdhmis. Uhgth Eruz `h vigdfc h ri sumthr ugh ispi edi fi Bhrdjhy, ndrhfcig su äpc eh, ecnc ix ei sdvhnig ti pi ruhgõodmc ig Jcmdvdh y ecnc jc mdvdhgc fi crdbig y fi tig-fig edhs ig im \irû. T thm viz ecnc rihe edõg origti h mhs edreugsthgedhs qui mc rcfih rcg, su hmnhtcrtucsh phsõ pcr ecgtrhfdetcrdcs hvhthris. \rdni rc, furhgti mh buirrh fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh `hs-th su ehgfdfhturh prisdfig edhm fi 80:2 ―qui irh mh nès ecgvigdigti y nès mõbdeh y, h pishr fiimmc, quifõ nhr bdghfh yh qui im Ecgbri sc Ecgstdtuyig ti dgeurrdõ ig im irrcr fi prioirdr h mhNhr―, si sdgtdõ piruhgc. Muibc ig 80:0 ―euhgfc mc mmhnh rcg h mh \risdfig edh fi Jcmdvdh y euhgfcfis fi 80:4 su hg tdbuc hndbc, hmdhfc c eõn pmdei, Bhnh rrh, pirsdbudõ h sus phrtdfhrdcs, y vdgdircgmhs hnighzhs fi bui rrh igtri 8058 y 8055― si ecgvdrtdõ ig jc mdvdhgc. Ig ish äpc eh mmibõ h heh-

rdedhr mh dfih fi sibri bhr im sur fim \irû c pcr mc nigcs fi dgecrpcrhr Hrdeh y Vhrhpheè h Jcmdvdh.mh Ecgoifirhedõg pcr nuirti c firrcehndigtc fi Uhgth Eruz ig oie`h pcstirdcr h 8054 `hjrîh `hjdfc dgtirisis erihfcsrisuimtcs h nhgtigir ish igtdfhf pcmîtdeh y `hsth hgixhrmh h Jcmdvdh. Isi oui im pugtc fi vdsth fi Kuhg Buhmjirtc _hmfdvdhig im pirdõfdecIm Thghece`h. Gc quifõ scmdthrdc. Uhgth Eruz si dgemdgõ h fde`h oõrnumh euhgfc igecgtrõ fdodeumthfis igim gcrti. Ig ugh dgvistdbhedõg ioietuhfh ig Dgbmhtirrh, Eimdh Ru M. `h `hmmhfc ig hre`dvcs jrdtègdecs pruijhs fi qui imeõgsum jrdtègdec Jimocrf Jrhfdgb @dgtcg Rdmscg, brhg hndbc fi Uhgth Eruz y hphrigtinigti phrtdfhrdc fi mhEcgoifirhedõg, gc mc oui ig rihmdfhf, "Erii, ig ehnjdc, fdei Eimdh Ru, qui mh ugdõg fim Uur-\irû y Jcmdvdh, pcr mcs vîgeumcsigtri ishs ribdcgis, sirîh fisihjmi, hsî ecnc pcr mh ugdõg fi Gcr-\irû ecg Ieuhfcr" (Eimdh Ru M.,Dgtrcfueedõg hm istufdcfi sdr Jimocrf @dgtcg Rdmscg , tisds fcetcrhm. Ygdvirsdfhf Ehtõmdeh, Mdnh, 84?9). Is nuy ohetdjmi mh prcjhjdmdfhf fi qui mhecgscmdfhedõg fim Isthfc Uur \iruhgc `ujdirh, h mh mhrbh, mmivhfc hm \irû h ug prceisc fi fisdgtibrhedõg sdndmhr hm fi Hnärdeh Eigtrhm fispuäs fi su jrivi ixpirdigedh ugdcgdsth.

MH DgVIZ_IFI E@DMI gCVINDJMI UDMCU NDUNC\uIJMCU FI MECgoIFIZHEDHugquI UHgVEZuz @uJDIU_IgEDFC IgTugBHT, @H

UuEuNJDFCN U VHZFI \CZ MC NIgC@HJZîHUuEuNJDFCUu UuEIUCZ



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


Oui edufh fh gc fi ug Is thfc dnh bdghrdc c sih fim ecg oifi rhm \irû-jc mdvdhgc, fis fi 8059 h 8052.Euhgfc ecn prc jõ, ig 8050, mh fi oieedõg fim Isthfc Gcr-\i ruhgc jh kc im nhgfc fi Cr ji bc scy Gditc, vcmvdõ h pig shr ig mh sibri bhedõg fim sur, dfih qui ix pu sc h C—@db bdgs ig ugh ehrth qui_deuøh Nhe aig gh pu jmdeõ nès thr fi (8). Ig im fis tdirrc fim Ieuh fcr, sus pmhgis ig tri 8054 y 8065gc hu bu rhrcg sdgc nh mis ig ri mhedõg ecg im \i rû.

Im prcbrhnh nè xdnc y im prcbrhnh nî gdnc fi Uhg th Eruz. Uus hphrig tis ecg trhfdeedcgisti gîhg mh mõbdeh fi mh hn jdedõg. Euhgfc si sig tîh ouirti, sus sui øcs fim pc fir irhg mcs fi hqui-mmcs dgehs mibig fh rdcs qui fis fi mhs ncg thøhs fis eig fdi rcg h trhir hm mdtc rhm phz, crfig y prc-bri sc. Ig tcg eis si hjrîh hm dfihm fi mh "phg-piruhgdfhf", fim Brhg \i rû. Jc mdvdh sirîh mh "Nhei fc gdhfi Hnä rdeh". Ud mc bcmpih jhg y u nd mmhjhg y mc hrrdgec ghjhg ig mh ni si th, qui rîh, gc thg tc pcrvig bhgzh ecnc pcr pri vdsdcgis fi si bu rdfhf, hm mhfc fi Jc mdvdh, ug \i rû fdvdfdfc c dn pc tig ti.Uu prcbrhnh nè xdnc irh im brhg \i rû ouirti y ix tig sc, is fi edr, mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, ecg äm ecnc kioi. Uu prcbrhnh nî gdnc irh bc jir ghr ig Jc mdvdh1 pirc h su mhfc, mh jdourehedõg fim \i rû ig fcsIs thfcs y mh pcsdjmi ehîfh fim Is thfc Uur jh kc mh isoirh fi mh dgomuigedh fi Jc mdvdh. Vhm is mh ixpmd-ehedõg fi su ecg fue th pc mîtdeh `hs th 8054. Fis fi ig tcg eis si `h fi heig tuhr nès y nès ig suvdfh fi prcs erdtc mh hprcxdnh edõg ixemusdvh h Jc mdvdh1 y fisfi mc prc ougfc fi su fi sig bhøc `hfi nd rhr hm \irû ec nc ug phîs igi ndbc. Immc gc `h fi sir vdrmi fi gh fh. Uih pcr ti ncr h mhs ecn-pmdehedcgis dgtir ghedcghmis qui ugh gui vh hf ndgdstrhedõg fi Uhg th Eruz pc fîh heh rrihr (y h`îis tèg mcs ehscs fi mh heedõg ecg kugth fi mcs bc jdir gcs fim \i rû Jc mdvdh y E`dmi ig 8066 y fimfis tdirrc fi E`d mmèg), sih pcr mh privdsdõg y im riei mc fi mcs ehufdmmcs fi mh guivh bi gi rhedõg, cpcr ctrhs edreugs thgedhs, Uhgth Eruz, gc scmc yh gc nhg fõ nès, sd gc qui gd sdqudirh mcbrõ ri bri-shr h su tdirrh ghthm. Jdig pufc ig sus ûm tdncs høcs, ri pi tdr mh hnhrbh orhsi fi Jc mîvhr "Mcs tdrhgcsfi nd phîs ni mh `hg qud thfc y yh gc tig bc ph trdh pcr mh euhm sherdodehrni".

Mh trhbi fdh fi Uhgth Eruz. \h tätdeh trhbi fdh mh fi isti `cn jri dn pc tig ti, pi rc ecg im hgsdhdgnig sh fi `h eir ec shs1 ecg im dnpumsc prdnh rdc, y gc orieuig ti ig guis trh big ti, fi erihr ig imtdin pc. \i si h tc fcs sus fi oietcs y irrc ris, Uhgth Eruz fdc, hm odg y hm ehjc, h Jc mdvdh y hm \irû, sdqudi-rh ugh rèohbh fi hmbc qui ù jc ig su `ds tc rdh pri`dspègdeh y hug ig su `ds tc rdh ecmcgdhm y qui ohmthehsd pirnh gig ti nig ti ig mh `dstc rdh ripu jmdehgh; mh dmusdõg fi mc brhgfi, im sui øc dn pi rdhm.

Q _DDD ÎM OHG VHUNH JC MD _DH GC IG MH _D FH \I ZYH GH @HU VH 80?<.- Im ohgthsnh jc mdvdhgcbrhvdtõ pi rdõfdehnig ti sc jri mh vdfh pi ruhgh fis fi 80:? `hs th ecg vir tdrsi ig `c rrdjmi rih mdfhfig 80241 y, ecg ni gcr vc munig, suj sdsti hûg ig im sdbmc PP.

Fis trc zhfh mh Ecgoifi rhedõg y nuir tc trè bdehnig ti ig 8068 im sui øc fi Bh nh rrh fi fc nd-ghr im hgtdbuc Hmtc \i rû, surbdircg vhrdcs hjcr tcs fi tig thtdvhs phrh ugdr mc qui Uueri y Cmhøi thfi sugdircg. Ig tri immhs ehji nig edcghr;

8) Im pmhg fi Jhmmdvdèg fi hgi xhr Hrdeh fis puäs fi mh jh thmmh fi Dgbhvd (8068-8069).:) Mhs ecg kurhs fim ndsnc ehu fdmmc ecg im piruhgc Kcsä Oimdx Dbuhîg ig 806? y 8062 fig trc

fim ceumtc prõ pc sdtc fi erihr ug Is thfc `hg siè tdec ig mcs fi phrthnig tcs pi ruhgcs fim sur.

5) Mh trhnh su prhis ththm fi Vcrrdec, Uhg Zcnèg, Jh mmdvdèg y Omcris ig 8064, hûg gc jdig is emh-ri edfh, qui dg emuîh mh sibri bhedõg fi zc ghs ig mh ribdõg hgtis hmufdfh.

Mh nhgzhgh fi mh fdsecr fdh ig tri mhs fcs Zi pû jmdehs oui Hrdeh qui ig mh rih mdfhf, fds tdgth fi mcsthtuh kis mdnî trc ois, sdbudõ sdigfc, ph rh nu e`cs, im ûgdec puir tc fi sh mdfh y fi dg trc fue edõg phrh mcshrtîeumcs qui ig trhjhg y ibri shjhg fim Hmtdpmhgc. Mh fcsds hmth c jh kh fi mhs orhgqudedhs hecrfh fhspcr im \i rû h is ti trè odec y im gûni rc nh ycr c ni gcr fi ixd big edhs fi Jc mdvdh rispie tc fi äm oui rcg

(8) Ehrth fi Uhg th Eruz h Jir ghrfc C—@dbbdgs, Ehmmhc, :0 fi igirc fi 8054. Zi prcfu edfh îg ti brhnig ti ig K. Jh shfri, Mhdgdedhedõg fi mh Zipû jmdeh , Mdnh, O. y I. Zcshy, 845<, _cm. DD, pp. 529-520.

\isi h tcfcs susfioietcs yirrcris, shgtheruz fdc, hm odhm ehjc, h jcmy hm \irû, sdquugh rèohbh fihmbc qui ùjc isu dstcrdh\ri`ds\ègdeh yhug ig su `dstcrecmcgdhm y qohmth ehsd\irnhgigtinigtiig mh `dstcrdhri\ujmdehgh;mh dmusdõg fimc brhgfi, imsuiøc dn\irdhm



80?







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


mcs tirnõ ni trcs phrh ni fdr mh odijri c mh shmuf igtri hn jcs Is thfcs. Yg hmzh fi mcs firie`cs fidnpcrthedõg c fi trègsdtc pcr isi puir tc erihjh ug emdnh gi ju mcsc, mh hnighzh fi ug rcn pdndig-tc. Ig ehn jdc, ugh fdsndguedõg fi mh thrdoh c im mdjri trèg sdtc trhîh ecgsdbc ugh hurcrh. Mh mdti rhturhifdthfh pcr mcs fipcrthfcs y ind brhfcs jc mdvdhgcs ig Vhegh pcfrîh erihr ugh jdjmdcbrhoîh ispi edhm

\cr ctrh phrti, ecnc gc `h jîh ugh jui gh fi nhr ehedõg sdg mîndtis ig mh zcgh fi mh sdirrh fi

hn jcs phî sis, is th vhbui fhf ohedmdtõ dgvhsdcgis fi ti rrdtcrdc pcr ugh y ctrh phrti, hsî ecnc e`c-quis y ordeedcgis h vi eis pu jmdedthfcs, h vieis dghfvirtdfcs pcr im pirdcfdsnc. Ec nc tir eir ohetcrphrh mcs rczhndig tcs hphriedõ mh dgugfhedõg fi mh ncgi fh oijmi jc mdvdhgh, indtdfh dnpmhehjmi-nig ti pcr ug odsec ix`hustc, scjri mcs nir ehfcs gc scmc fim sur sdgc fi tc fc im \i rû.

Mcs bcjdirgcs y mcs ehufdmmcs fi hnjcs mhfc fim Vdtdeheh gc ouircg dgfdoirig tis h mh pcmîtdehdgtir gh fim viedgc. H vieis ocnig thrcg ecgspdrhedcgis y ri ji mdcgis y h vieis qudsdircg brhvdthrscjri im fis tdgc fim prisdfig ti fi tur gc.

Vcfc immc fi kc ugh ecsi e`h hfdedcghm fi riei mcs, fi suspdehedhs y `hsth fi cfdcs ec mietdvcs cpir scghmis.

Ig 8095 y 80?< oui hutägtdeh mh hnighzh fi bui rrh. Ig im prdni rc fi iscs høcs, im \i rûri emhnõ pcr mh dgcjsirvhgedh fim trhthfc sus erdtc ig Hri qudph ig 8060 qui hrribmõ mhs ecgfdedc-gis phrh im trèodec fi mhs nirehfi rîhs prcei fig tis fi c dn pcrthfhs h Jcmdvdh pcr im puirtc fiHrdeh1 mhs dgvhsdcgis fi trc phs fi isi phîs1 mh ecgtdgudfhf ig mh indsdõg fi mh ncgi fh fi jh khmiy, gc cjsthgti im ecnprcndsc scmingi nig ti ecg trhîfc fi hjs ti gir si fi immc1 mh `undmmhgtiixpumsdõg fim fdpmcnè tdec pi ruhgc, virdodehfh ig tcgeis pcr im bcjdirgc fi Jimzû. Mh tigsdõg fi80?< si hbufdzõ pcr im ritdrc fi mh mibhedõg jcmdvdhgh ig Mdnh heri fdthfh ig 8090, h ecgsi euig-edh fi `hjir si gi bhfc im Bcjdirgc fim \i rû h ig kudedhr h mhs hutcrdfhfis fim sur qui, nuy prc-jh jminig ti, ohvcri edircg mh ixpi fdedõg igehji zhfh pcr im bigi rhm jcmdvdhgc Hbrifh ecg trh imräbdnig fim fdethfcr Mdghris, h su viz pirscghmnig ti dgti ri shfc ig mh ehîfh fim prisdfig tipi ruhgc Zhnõg Ehstdmmh. Fde`c ri tdrc si ioie tuõ ig emhrh vdcmhedõg fim ecgvigdc virjhm istdpu-mhfc im :2 fi igi rc fi 8094.

Im fijh ti scjri ugh tiõ rdeh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh ig 80?<. Ig im nds nc høc fi 80?<,Kcsä Ehsdndrc Ymmch pujmdeõ ig Mh Zivdsth fi Mdnh ug istufdc scjri im prcjminh pi ruhgc-jc mdvdh-gc. Fis puäs fi igu ni rhr mcs dgbri fdigtis fim ecgomdetc, hsivirõ qui gdgbugc fi immcs kustdodehjhugh buirrh y qui, ig tcfc ehsc, immh gc hpcrthrîh ugh scmuedõg isthjmi, h mh viz qui mmivhjh ecg-sdbc mh eirti zh fi ug in pcjri edndig tc is tärdm fi mcs rieurscs fi hn jcs phî sis, thg giei shrdcsphrh uscs nès pcsdtdvcs.

Gc eriîh Ymmch qui ug trhthfc bi gi rcsc ig tri hn jcs Is thfcs mmivhjh ig sî bhrhgtîhs sõmdfhsecgtrh mh fisecgodhgzh, mcs riei mcs y mcs ecgomdetcs. Ctrh oõrnu mh pcsdjmi irh giutrhmdzhr Hrdeh.Ymmch mh ecgsdfi rõ hecrfi ecg mcs prcbri scs nès ri edigtis fim Fi rie`c Dgtir ghedcghm y edtõ, hmrispie tc, ikin pmcs iurcpics y fim dstnc fi Gd ehrhbuh isthjmiedfc pcr im trhthfc Emhytcg-Jumvir.Hm ndsnc tdin pc dghuburõ (sdg fufh, ecg rhzõg) qui vig frîhg dgeir tdfun jris y hsi e`hgzhs quimcs ixdmdhfcs pc mîtdecs fi hn jhs Zi pûjmdehs ixdthrîhg ig isi ti rrdtcrdc fi dgedirth c fä jdm scji rh-gîh. \mhgtiõ ig si budfh cshfhnig ti, mh tisds fi qui ug ndsnc ph ji mmõg eujrdisi hn jhs orcgti-rhs, is fi edr, mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh. "Yg puigti fi `di rrc c ug oirrcehrrdm (fd kc) `hjrè

jc rrhfc mh cjrh giohsth fi Jc mîvhr" (hmufîh h mh erihedõg fi mh Zipûjmdeh fi Jc mdvdh ig mh qui igrihmdfhf gc `u jc ugh dgdedhtdvh fim Mdjir thfcr). Ui eudfõ nuy jdig fi hemhrhr qui gc jus ehjh mhrisurrieedõg fim "ecgtrh i e`c ig shyc fi 8059", gd ug hnphrc jh kc "mh scnjrh shgbrdigth fi Uhg-th Eruz". Xuirîh ugh Ecgoifi rhedõg ispcgtègih y riomixdvh, fi mdjri ecg sig tdndig tc, sdg qui gdg-bugh fi mhs ghedcgis riu gdfhs sherdodehrh h mh ctrh su pirscghmdfhf. Uu nc fi mc isthjh ig mh ecg-oifi rhedõg birnè gdeh fi ig tcgeis, euyh fdrieedõg supri nh irh ikir edfh gc pcr ug kioi sdgc pcrugh fdith. Ig immh, hnjcs Is thfcs fi jîhg phrtdedphr ecg dbuhm ripri sig thedõg(8).

MH ECZVI Uu\ZINHFIEMHZH DgCEIgVIUH KCUI\@ EDgquä T H

ug BZu\C FIIUEMH_CU HoZDEHgCUquI UI HNCVDgHZCg

Ig IM JIZBHgVîgIU\HøCMHNDUVHF .

VZHU IM NCVîg,

FIU_DHZCg IM EuZUCFI MH gH_I ECg MHDgVIgEDÕg FI

MMIBHZ H oZDEH\IZC VIZNDgHZCg

Ig MCU IUVHFCUugDFCU, FCgFI UuU

EH\VCZIU MCUIgKuDEDHZCg \CZ

HUIUDgHVC T\DZHVIZîH.

4NHZzC8068

Q ii.YY. ^

(8) "Mh euistdõg jcmdvdhgh", pcr Kcsä Ehsdndrc Ymmch igMh Zivdsth fi Mdnh , tcnc D, 80?<, pp. 9?<-92<.




Ui e p õ h mh vn m th i su phîs i

8085. U injh b , mihs siph ht sthseumeh hs u h ti

istu s i M is(8246-8244) m mmive sp h e t h imB j i isphø m.E e õ h Uh Nh t8086 y e äm p iphIkä e t i m s HMuib i mh

ipi i e h i E`eupõ im eh b i ki

sup in `hsth 80:5,euh i u e õ phiv th u h bui h eUi ix m õ i t eis iim \i û, i p istõsi v e s h J mîvhNu õ euh sihp isthjh h ib ishh E` mi.

JIrgHrfc c¶@dBB(8220-806:)

Yg ecmhjc rhfcr fim fdhrdcIm Ecnir edc fi Mdnh pc mindzõ ecg Ymmch. Ehmdodeõ su prcyietcecnc drrihmdzhjmi, "phrtc fi mh ehji zh utõpdeh fim nès hrfdigti jc mdvdhgc". Uus cj kiedcgis ouircgmhs sdbudigtis; 8¼ Im prcyietc gc shtdsoheîh mhs ixdbig edhs fim ncnig tc `dstõrdec. :¼ Im rieuir fcfi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg isthjmiedfh ig 805? irh thg hnhr bc qui h gdgbûg pi ruhgc mi irh fh jmihpi ti eirmh ndigtrhs qui tcfcs mcs jcmdvdhgcs mh fitis thjhg. 5¼ Im \irû gc cj tig frîh vigth kh hmbu-

gh ecg im guivc sdsti nh. 6¼ Im räbdnig oi fi rhm gc irh hpmdehjmi ig isi phîs. 9¼ Mh dfih mhgzhfhti gîh mhs ehrheti rîstdehs fi mc dgcpcrtugc y mc dghfndsdjmi y im Bcjdirgc qui mh heipthsi pc frîhhjrdr su sipumerc y, h mh viz, fhr ug shmtc ig im vhedc.

Zipusc Ymmch fisfi Mh Zivdsth fi Mdnh . Hemhrõ qui äm gc pritig fîh ugh ecpdh fi mh oifi rhedõgsudzh y gcrtih ni rdehgh. Ui mdndthjh h jus ehr ugh ecgoifi rhedõg igtri fcs Is thfcs dgfi pig fdig-tis, sî nès cj kitdvc qui im fi bhrhgtdzhr nutuhnig ti mh siburdfhf dgti rdcr y ixti rdcr, h mh nhgi-rh (vcmvdõ h fiedr) fi mc qui `dedircg 8? scji rhgcs fi Iu rcph im 8: fi kumdc fi 80<? ecg im gcn-jri fi mcs Is thfcs Ecg oifi rhfcs fim Z`dg y ripdtdircg, fis puäs im 0 fi kugdc fi 8089, 50 Isthfcs.³Gc pcfîhg `h eir mc ndsnc Jc mdvdh y im \irû3 ³Vigîhg ehji zhs utõpdehs y ispîrdtu vdsdcghrdcs`cn jris ec nc Vhmmiyrhgf, Ni tir gde`, @hafig jirb y fi nès sdbghthrdcs fim phetc fi Hminh gdh3Mh ugdõg oifi rhm irh mh shtdsoheedõg fi mcs hbrhvdcs riedjdfcs y nès hûg sd ugh emèusumh fim phetcmh heîh ixpmîedth. Im prcjminh fi mcs mîndtis qui fhrîh rifu edfc sdn pminig ti h ugh jui gh fi nhr-ehedõg hfndgdstrhtdvh.

Ymmch ecgoisõ qui gc eriîh ig mh dgni fdhth ioietdvdfhf fi su pmhg. Xuirîh priphrhr h mcs ispî-rdtus, c sih vigeir ri pubghgedhs priecgei jdfhs. Ecgodhjh ig qui hmbûg brhg `cn jri fdi rh ugbcmpi fi Is thfc qui `d edirh hvhgzhr ig nu e`cs høcs h hn jhs Zi pûjmdehs.

Mh nigthmdfhf fc ndghgti ig im \i rû fis fi 8054 brhvdtõ `hsth scjri mh fim mûedfc y hufhzpujmdedsth. H mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi Uhgth Eruz mh mmhnõ "phshfh y kusthnig ti cfdc sh". "Isti gc si rîhug räbdnig pc mîtdec (fd kc) isthjmiedfc pcr im sherdodedc fi guis trh ghedcghmdfhf y scs ti gdfc ighn jhs phrtis pcr mh ouirzh fi mhs hrnhs. Gc si rîh im dnpi rdc fispõtdec fi mh vcmugthf fi ug`cn jri sc jri fcs gh edcgis, sdgc im ridghfc fi mh ugdõg nès îgtdnh ig ugh sdgei rh hmdhgzh quifi khrîh ig pdi mh hutcgcnîh fi eh fh ghedõg".

Zioutõ muibc mh tisds fi qui im \irû ghfh ti gîh qui bhghr mdbhfc h Jc mdvdh. Mc qui bhghjh irhmh fishphrdedõg thgtc fi mhs hsie`hgzhs ecgsthgtis fi mh Zipûjmdeh viedgh ecnc fi mcs suord-ndig tcs fi mcs puijmcs fim sur ecg nigbuh fi su prc bri sc dgfus trdhm y, pcr igfi, fim ig brhg-fi edndig tc ecmietdvc.

Heiptõ qui irh pri nh turc im sdsti nh oifi rhm ig phîsis ecnc mcs guistrcs, hugqui mc ecgsd-fi rõ ecnc im dfihm fi mh finc erhedh. Mc qui äm jusehjh fi dg ni fdhtc irh ugh sdnpmi ecgoifi-rhedõg. Im fdminh, irh hgti su erdti rdc, im sdbudigti; c is th oõrnu mh c mh ecgqudsth. T ig phmhjrhs quitdigig `cy sh jcr hnhr bc ix pri sõ qui immh yh irh dnpcsdjmi, "jèrjh rc ni fdc" in pmihfc scmc igmcs tirrdtcrdcs shmvh kis fi Èordeh. ¡\hvcrcsc cptdndsnc ph rh qudig rieuir fi mc ceurrdfc ig tri 8024y 8005 y phrh qudig siph hmbc fi mh `dstcrdh fim nugfc ig im nuy edvdmdzhfc sdbmc PP!

\cr ûmtdnc, Ymmch gc istuvc fi heuir fc ecg qui mh prcpuis th `i e`h pcr äm vdcmhjh mh Ecgstd-tuedõg. Jh kc im dnpi rdc fi immh `hjîhsi suserdtc im Vrhthfc Ecg tdgig thm fi 809? igtri im \irû,E`dmi y im Ieuhfcr y ghfdi `h jîh fde`c qui eh rieîh fi vhmdfiz. "Mh ugdõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh (tirndgõ

fdedigfc) gc is nès qui ctrh ugdõg, mmhnh fh h rihmdzhr im brhg Ecgbri sc Hgodetdõgdec fi mhsghedcgis `dsphgchni rdehghs qui pcg frè ug mîndti h mhs dgvhsdcgis ecg qui mhs hnighzhg mhsrhzhs hjscrjig tis fim gcrti fi mh Hnärdeh. Mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh sirè im primufdc fiish vhsth ecgoifi rhedõg ecgtdgig thm qui prcoitdzh im pcrvigdr h mh Hnärdeh Mhtdgh"(8 ). T ecg isthsphmhjrhs im scøhfcr dmusc fi 80?< si heir eõ h mh outurcmcbîh hetuhm.

Ctrc ecmhjc rhfcr fi Mh Zivdsth fi Mdnh dgtir vdgc ig im fi jh ti; im gicbrhghfdgc prõspi rc\i ridrh Bhnjh. Uu hetdtuf oui ehuth, hugqui ix pri sõ qui mhs dfihs fi Ymmch irhg rhzcghjmis,

(8 ) "\rc yietc fi ugh Ecg oifi rhedõg", pcr Kcsä Ehsdndrc Ymmch igMh Zivdsth fi Mdnh edthfh, pp. ?99-??<.



800







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


kusths y prcvie`c shs hm sirvdedc fi ug i e`c brhgfdcsc y trhseig fig thm. Immhs giei sdthjhg tdin pcphrh mmivhrsi h ehjc1 y thnjdäg ugh ricrbhgdzhedõg dgtir gh ig mcs fcs Isthfcs. Hjc bõ, ig vdsthfi mc qui ixpusc, pcr ug trhthfc ecg ce`c is tdpumhedcgis; 8¼ Uhtdsoheedõg rieîprceh y cmvdfc fitcfhs mhs coigshs fis fi mh äpceh nès ri nc th `hsth mh oie`h. :¼ Orhg qudedh y mdjir thf fim puirtcfi Hrdeh hm sirvdedc fi mhs fcs phrtis ecg trhthgtis y fi tc fhs mhs ghedcgis fim nug fc ig prc vi-

e`c fim ecnir edc y fi mh ecgecrfdh jh kc mh bhrhgtîh fi mhs qui tuvdirhg hbigtis fdpmcnè tdecs igMdnh. 5¼ Od khedõg fi mîndtis hredodgdcs ecgsumthgfc mh iqudfhf y, sd isth gc irh pcsdjmi, ohvcriedig-fc hm \irû ig ecn pig shedõg fim tirrdtcrdc `hgsiè tdec fi Hrdeh. 6¼ Ixtrhfdedõg fi rics fi erî ni-gis htrceis i dgtir ghedõg fi hsdmhfcs pc mîtdecs, euhgfc ecgs pdrhsig ecg hrnhs, rihm y pcsdtdvh-nig ti, ig mh orcgti rh. 9¼ Hfcpedõg pcr hnjhs phrtis fim sdsti nh fi ednhm ig mh indsdõg fi mhnc gi fh, od khgfc mhs ecgfdedcgis fi is th, ni gcs im tdpc1 y ecnprcni tdägfc si h gc hmti rhr sumiy y pisc ig gdgbûg ehsc jh kc mh bhrhgtîh fi mcs Isthfcs, ec nc mc siøhmhjh mh emèusumh :ª. ?¼Hncr tdzhedõg, h trhväs fim Viscrc ghedcghm ig ugh y ctrh Zipûjmdehs, fi tc fh mh ncgi fh oijmiqui si ri pri sig thsi pcr mcs tigi fc ris fig trc fim pmhzc y jh kc mh numth qui si is tdpumhrh sdigfcprctis thtdvc ig immhs dgfin gdzhr c gc im pir kudedc suordfc pcr mcs phrtdeumhris. 2¼ Hfndsdõg fitcfh nc gi fh ix trhg kirh fim crfig fi ednhm qui ouirh mibîtdnh y ecg im pisc y mh miy siøhmhfcsig im hrtîeumc 9¼ y rimhedõg igtri mhs fi crc y mhs fi pmhth, fi heuir fc ecg im ndsnc sdsti nh. 0¼Fis eig trhmdzhedõg nugdedphm ig im fdstrdtc fi Hrdeh phrh qui is ti puir tc ecrrispcgfdirh ni kcrhm rhgbc ig qui djh h sir ujdehfc (8).

\i ridrh Bhnjh coriedõ, gc ugh scmuedõg nèbdeh sdgc ug fc eunig tc fi trh jh kc primdndghrqui jdig pu fdircg fdseutdr ripri sig thgtis fi hn jcs Is thfcs. Uus sigshths riomixdcgis y im brhg-fdcsc hugqui sdnpmi isqui nh fi Ymmch quifh rcg, phrh riprcfu edr ughs phmhjrhs hf ndrhjmis fiJc mîvhr, ecnc mh hetdtuf fim mcec qui pri tig fîh bcjir ghr fis fi ugh rc eh mhs cmhs fim nhr. Ighquim ndsnc dgsthgti, isti (ig mc qui ecgedirgi hm \irû y Jcmdvdh) si injrh viedõ nès. Ecnc ughrispuis th nès fim nug fc fi mcs ì e`cs hm nugfc fi mhs dfihs, im ndsnc høc fi 80?< ù jc ugfu rîsdnc dgtir ehn jdc fi fis phe`cs ig tri mcs ndgdstrcs fi Zi mhedcgis fi hn jhs Zi pûjmdehs y imfdethfcr Mdghris ix pdfdõ ug fi eri tc ecrthgfc tc fh ecnu gdehedõg ecg im \irû.

"Mh hutcgcnîh fi mh pcmîtdeh (h iserdtc \hum Zdeciur ig 8492) ecgsdsti ig qui immh prcfu eirimhedcgis ù nh ghs drrifue tdjmis h mcs ecgomdetcs fi emhsis y tig sdcgis iec gõndehs y scedhmis fimh scedifhf y qui, fi ctrc mhfc, bi gi rh nhmis ispi eîodecs"(: ). Immc ceurrdõ hquî sd jdig gc sdinpriceurri1 y mc h`crh riprcfu edfc si `h mmh nuy mi kcs fi dnpmdehr ugh hjsurfh c is tûpdfh ei bui rhhgti fde`cs ecg omdetcs y tigsdcgis.

Mh ecgvirsdõg fi K.E. Ymmch. Ig 8004, Kcsä Ehsdndrc Ymmch pujmdeõ im ocmmitc "Igtri im \irû yJc mdvdh c scmuedõg fim hgthbcgdsnc y ris thjmiedndig tc fi mh scmdfhrdfhf" (Mdnh, dnprig th fi Vcrris Hbudrri). \hrh qudig riecrfh rh su tisds ugdcgdsth fi 80?<, fi jdõ sir ug gui vc tis tdnc gdcscjri mhs dfihs qui ecg thgth viì nig edh ocrnu mõ igtcgeis. Gc oui hsî. Ymmch `hjîh phmphfc mcqui hecg ti edõ furhgti :4 høcs1 y, scjri tc fc, mhs fishstrcshs ecgsi euig edhs fim trhthfc si eri tcfi hmdhgzh igtri hn jhs Zi pûjmdehs suserdtc ig 8025. Ygh viz nès, eigsurõ dg kusthnig ti (ecg-vdigi ri pi tdrmc) ig im Mdjir thfcr "im fisbrhedhfc pig shndig tc fi iqud mdjrhr im pcfir fi mhs ghedc-gis mdjir thfhs pcr su vdetcrdcsh isphfh, ecg mh fdvdsdõg ig fcs Zipûjmdehs fim hgtdbuc dnpi rdc fi

mcs dgehs y guivc _drridghtc fim \i rû". Dgsdstdõ ig mhs ougis ths ecgsi euig edhs qui thm fdsthgedh-ndig tc prcfu kc. \irc yh gc prifdeõ im dmuscrdc ivhgbi mdc oifi rhmdsth.Ui mdndtõ h riouthr, ecg ugh pmunh dgedsdvh ecnc su jds turi ti fi ed ru khgc, im cpûseumc qui

ig tcgeis hehjh jh fi ifd thr fcg Uhnuim Crcpi zh ig Uueri ecg im cj kitc fi rid vdgfdehr h ohvcr

(8) \rõs pirc \i ridrh Bhnjh, "Zivdsth fim nis fi nhr zc" igMh Zivdsth fi Mdnh edthfh, pp. ?8?-?80.(: ) Edthfc pcr Khe-quis Kummdhrf ig su vhmdcsc hrtîeumc tdtumhfc "Mh \cmdtdqui" ig im sibugfc vcmunig fim mdjrc Ohdri fi m—`dstcdri fdrdbdfc pcr Khequis Mi Bcoo y \dirri Gcvh, \hrîs, Bhmmdnhrf, 8426. Fde`c vcmunig si tdtumh "Gcuvimis hp prceìs". Mc prieifi imqui mmivh ecnc gcn jri "Gcuvihux cj kits".

\IZIDZH BHNJHCoZIEDÕ, gC ugH

UCMuEDÕgN BDEH UDgC ugFCEuNIgVC FI

VZHJHKC\ZIMDNDgHZ quIJDIg \uFDIZCg

FDUEuVDZZI\ZIUIgVHgVIU

FI HNJCUIUVHFCU. UuU

UIgUHVHUZIoMIxDCgIU T IM

BZHgFDCUCHugquI UDN\MI

IUquINH FIuMMCH

quIFHZCg, \HZHZI\ZCFuEDZ

ugHU \HMHJZHUHFNDZHJMIU FIJCMî_HZ, ECNC,MH HEVDVuF FIM

MCEC quI\ZIVIgFîH

BCJIZgHZ FIUFI

ugH ZCEH MHUCMHU FIM NHZ.



Furhgti mh dgvhsdõ Hbustîg Bhnhrrh hJcmdvdh, im phîs fimtigîh tris ribînigis phrhmimcs. Fi mcs ehufdmmcs ig fdspuJhmmdvdèg mcbrõ `fim pcfir y prcemhnh prisdfigti fi Jcmdvd(8068-8062). Muibc vdetcrdh fi Dgbhvd,dgsthurõ ug bcjdirgcfifdehfc h mh erihedfi dgstdtuedcgis ecncik redtc, iseuimhs,ugdvirsdfhfis, igtdfh pûjmdehs, ite tirh.

KCUä JHMM(80<6-809:)


fi Jc mdvdh ugh brhg pcredõg fi ti rrdtcrdc ecnprig fdfc ig tri mcs fiphrthnig tcs fi Euz ec y fi\u gc, hsî ecnc gh fh ni gcs qui 4 brhfcs fi mh ecs th ni rdfdcghm, fisfi im rîc Vhnjc `hs th im rîcMch. Ymmch fdc hquî, ig 8:6 pèbdghs, ugh mieedõg scjri mcs tîtumcs fi prcpdifhf fi mhs ghedcghmd-fhfis is ththmis hnirdehghs1 y, nès ecgeri thnig ti heir eh fi mcs mîndtis ig tri im \irû y Jcmdvdh fimh ecsth h mhs ribdcgis fim dgti rdcr. Uu ncgcbrhoîh, dbgcrhfh `hs th h`crh pcr mcs ispi edhmdsths ig

thg fi jh tdfc prc jminh, oui ug nc fi mc fi irufdedõg y fi mõbdeh.Gc scmc si jhsõ ig fc eunig tcs fi mh Ecrcgh isphøcmh, ig mhs kurdsfdeedcgis iemisdètdehs, iggcrnhs inh ghfhs fi mhs hutcrdfhfis hni rdehghs1 sdgc thn jdäg ig im ohetcr qui rhzhs, rimdbdcgisi dfdcnhs ri pri sig thg y ig mh tisds fi "mhs orcgti rhs ghedcghmis" sustig thfh pcr Ind mdc Bdrhrfdg.Ecnc sc muedõg, dgfdeõ mh mîgih qui, h su kudedc irh mh nès ecgvigdigti.

Ig mc qui hthøi h mh ecsth, dgsdstdõ nue`c qui, fis fi ug pu gtc fi vdsth kurîfdec i `dstõrdec,mh Zipûjmdeh irdbdfh pcr Uueri y pcr Hmhøi th gc mh tuvc gugeh. Hfinès, mh buirrh ecg E`dmi`h jîh erih fc ugh sdtuhedõg fi `i e`c. Mhs ridvdgfdehedcgis dnhbdghfhs pcr Crcpi zh scjri phr-ti fi mh ecsth fim \heîodec h ohvcr fi su phîs fis fi im rîc Vhnjc `hs th Hrdeh, ehri eîhg tcthmnig-ti fi oug fh nig tcs.

Mc ûgdec pcsdjmi vigîh h sir, pcr mc thgtc, h su kudedc, mh eimijrh edõg fi "hrribmcs hfuhgi rcsqui ohedmdtig y fig tc fh emhsi fi orhgqudedhs hm trèodec nir ehgtdm igtri im \irû y Jcmdvdh pcr guis-trcs puir tcs fi Nc mmigfc y Uhnh".

Ceuphfh Hrdeh pcr E`dmi, ig vdrtuf fim trhthfc pi ruhgc-e`dmigc fi Hg eõg ig 8005, Ymmch gcnig edcgõ im hrtîeumc 5¼ fi fde`c phe tc si bûg im euhm ish pcsi sdõg fijîh is thr mdndthfh h ug pmh-zc fi fdiz høcs. Vhm viz dgtuîh qui im puirtc fi Hrdeh yh gc djh h sir fivuimtc hm \irû.

Fi tc fcs nc fcs hm hjhgfc ghr mh tisds fi mh ugdõg piruhgc-jc mdvdhgh qui äm ocrnu mõ ig80?<, Ymmch, nifdhgti su igär bdeh fi oigsh fi mcs tîtumcs ghedcghmis ig im fdoirig fc ecg mh Zipû-jmdeh fim Hmtdpmhgc ig 8004, ioietuõ ug hetc fi ecg trdedõg. Ui `hjîh fc jmibhfc hg ti ugh trdstirihmdfhf `ds tõrdeh.



EH\ÎVYMC :? ◃ D Udbgdodehfc fi mhZisthurhedõg◃ Jhmhgei fi mhs ecrrdig-tis fce trdghrdhs `hsth8054 ◃ Im Ecg-bri sc fi @uhgehyc. Uus prindcs yehstdbcs ◃ Mh riocrnh kufdedhm◃ Mcssi euis trcs h mcs ecgoifi rhmis y hCrji bcsc y sus phrtdfh rdcs◃ Im ispîrd-tu fi @uhgehyc ◃ Im ghedcghmdsnc fi@uhgehyc ◃ Im Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc,im hnirdehgdsnc y mhs rimhedcgis ecgIsphøh ◃ Mcgbi vdfhf fi mh Ecgstdtu-

edõg fim 54◃ Mh miy imietcrhm fi 8054◃DD Mibhmdzhedõg fi mh \risdfig edh fiBhnh rrh ◃ DDDMh Iseui mh Eigtrhm fiNhrdgh y mh Iseui mh Gèutdeh fi \hdth.Mh pcjri zh ghvhm◃ Im hutcrdthrdsnc kcvig ecg trh mcs `cnjris fi @uhg eh-yc. Mh ”Zibi gi rhedõg„ ◃ _detc rdh fi_dvhgec ig Ehe`hnhr eh ◃ _detcrdh fiEhstdmmh ig Euivdmmhs. Odg fi mh ”Zibi-gi rhedõg„. Ikieuedõg fi _hmigtîg Jczh◃ Mcs fieri tcs fim ribi gi rhfcr.


Q VCNC : ^



84: \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :?

Q D ^DBGDODEHFC FI MH ZIUVHYZHEDCG.- Fis puäs fi mh firrcth fi Ghpcmiõg si dgdedõ ig Orhg-edh im pirîcfc fi mh Zisthurhedõg. Mh ehîfh fi Uhgth Eruz sdbgdodeõ mh vuimth hm Isthfc pi ruhgc, thmecnc `h jîh is thfc ecgs tdtudfc hg tis fi 805?1 y isti pi rîcfc, ig im \i rû y Jcmdvdh riedjdõ dfägtd-ec gcn jri.

\i rc nès qui ugh "ris thurhedõg" mc qui `ujc ig 8054 oui ugh "ecgscmdfhedõg". \crqui ig8054 quifõ hemhrhfc qui im \i rû sirîh, ig im outurc, im \irû. @hsth ig tcgeis im phîs `hjîh vdvdfcpi rdõfdehnig ti jh kc mh sigshedõg îgtdnh fi mh trhgsdtcrdifhf fi sus dgs tdtuedcgis. Ucmc ig 80:6`hjîhsi bhghfc mh buirrh fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh. Igtri 80:6 y 80:?, Jc mîvhr `hjîh scøhfc ecg quimh Ecgoifi rhedõg fi mcs Hgfis, dgemuyirh h _igi zuimh, Ecmcnjdh, Ieuhfcr, \i rû y Jcmdvdh.

Irdbdfh fi gui vc ocrnhmnig ti mh Zipûjmdeh piruhgh ig 80:2, mh dgvhsdõg fim ikäredtc ghedcghmig Jc mdvdh, h mh qui sdbudõ mh buirrh ecg Ecmcnjdh, pusc jdig prcg tc ctrh dgti rrcbhedõg scjri imouturc. Fiodgdfcs fis fi 80:4 mcs mîndtis fim gcrti, sd gc ig fi th mmi, pcr mc nigcs ig sus mîgihsbi gi rhmis, si pmhgtiõ, ig ocrnh vdsdjmi c sujti rrègih, si bûg mhs edreugsthgedhs, im prcjminh fiJc mdvdh. ³Uirîh hgixhfh hm \irû3 ³Hjscrji rîh, sd gc mh tcthmdfhf fim ti rrdtcrdc piruhgc, hm nigcs ughphrti fim sur3 ³Ocrnh rîhsi ug gui vc Isthfc ecg fi rie`cs iqudvhmigtis phrh mhs phrtis qui mcdgti brhrhg3 \riedshnig ti, mh shgbri fi rrhnh fh ig Hgehs` ig igi rc fi 8054 is erdjdõ mh rispuis th.Jdig is vir fhf, qui ecg ug erdti rdc ixhetc, is ti prdnir pi rîcfc fi mh Zipûjmdeh ecgemuyi tc fhvîhfcs høcs fis puäs, ig mh jhthmmh fi Dgbhvd, hm orhehshr im hgi mc fi qui im \irû fc ndghsi h Jc mdvdh.

\i rc mh hvigturh qui tir ndgõ ig Dgbhvd gc oui, ig im ocgfc, sdgc ugh phsh kirh fis vdhedõg fimehuei puis tc h mcs hecgti edndig tcs y mhs ecshs ig 8054. Isti høc vdigi h sir, puis, im hgugedc yim hgtdedpc fi is ti \i rû fi odgdfc y si burc qui sdnjc mdzõ, ig `c rhs eigdthmis, Zhnõg Ehstdmmh.

Ecnc irh dgi vdthjmi fig trc fi mhs nieègdehs fi mhs rivcmuedcgis dsphgc-hni rdehghs, oui imehufdmmc trdugohgti, pri sdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh prdni rc ecg ehrèetir prc vdscrdc y muibc ecg imsdnu mherc fi ugh ecg shbrhedõg imietcrhm. Ig isti ehsc, im brhg nhrdsehm fcg Hbustîg Bhnh rrh(kumdc fi 806<).

Im hspie tc mibdsmhtdvc y ecgstdtuedcghm fim sibugfc bc jdirgc fi Bh nh rrh istè ripri sig thfc pcrim Ecgbri sc qui si sdcgõ ig @uhgehyc, ig vdsth fi qui im ikäredtc e`dmigc hûg ceuphjh Mdnh ndig-trhs si hpristhjh phrh mh riphtrdhedõg1 y pcr mh Ecgstdtuedõg fdethfh im 8< fi gcvdinjri fi 8054.

JHMHGEI FI MHU ECZZDIGVIU FCEVZDGHZDHU @HUVH 8054.- Hm rihmdzhrsi mh dgfi pig-fig edh `dsphgchni rdehgh `hjîh tris nc fi mcs fi Ecgstdtuedõg; im mdji rhm fi mh ZivcmuedõgOrhgei sh y fi mh rivcmuedõg hnirdehgh fim gcrti, im ncgèrqudec ecgstdtuedcghm surbdfc igDgbmhti rrh y im eishrdsth pirscghmdzhfc ig Gh pcmiõg furhgti mh äpceh ecgsumhr ecg su hgti ei-fig ti ig Kumdc Eäshr. Isth ûmtdnh oõrnu mh irh mh fi ug fdethfcr ecg ouirtis pc fi ris scjri jh sifi nc erètdeh. @ujc tig thtdvhs phrh dgtrcfu edr mcs tris sdsti nhs ig im \i rû; mh ncghrquîh ecgs-tdtuedcghm oui dgtig thfh pcr Uhg Nhrtîg1 im mdji rhmdsnc pu rc is tuvc ripri sig thfc pcr mh Ecgs-tdtuedõg fi 80:5 y im eishrdsnc sur bdõ tris høcs fispuäs ecg mh Ecgstdtuedõg jcmdvhrdhgh quiecgshbrõ mh \risdfig edh vdthmdedh.

U



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9

EH\ÎVYMC :? \IZÎCFC 8

Mh ncghrquîh gc mmibõ h igshyhrsi.Mh Ecgstdtuedõg jcmdvhrdhgh oui fi rrdjh fh ig 80:2. Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fim :5, thnpcec prcspi-

rõ1 pirc hugqui ouircg nès nc fi rhfcs, sus prdgedpdcs si nhgtuvdircg ig 80:0 y 8056.Im \irû `hjîh ti gdfc `hs th 8054 tris hshnjmihs ecgstdtuyigtis prc pdhnig ti fde`hs1 sd jdig

irhg mhs dgtig tcghs fi cr bhgdzhedõg dgstdtuedcghm pcmîtdeh. Mh prdni rh fi immhs, huspdedhfh pcr Uhg

Nhrtîg y fi dgspdrhedõg ncgèrqudeh, orhehsõ, ecnc si `h fd e`c, hgtis fi ecg eri thrsi. Mh sibug-fh ecrrispcgfdõ hm prdnir Ecg bri sc ghedcghm hutcr fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg ripujmdehgh mdji rhm fi80:5. Mh tirei rh oui im trhspmhgti fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg iserdth phrh mh Zipûjmdeh fi Jc mdvdh pcr Jcmî-vhr1 trhspmhgti qui mmivhsi h ehjc ig 80:?, pcr ni fdc fi mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis. Mh euhrth vdigih sir im Ecgbri sc Ecgstdtuyigti fi 80:2, hu tcr fi mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi 80:0. Mh qudgth inir bdõecg mh Ecgvig edõg Ghedcghm fi 8055-8056, fi mh qui surbdõ mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056. Mh sixthis tuvc dgti brhfh pcr mhs hshnjmihs fi Udeuhgd y fi @uhurh, qui priphrhrcg im ehndgc fi mh Ecg-oifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh, irdbdfh ig Vhegh pcr ug piqui øc brupc fi pmigdpctig edhrdcs gcn-jrh fcs pcr Uhgth Eruz.

Uids dgtig tcghs fi ri bîni gis ecgs tdtuedcghmis ig 80 høcs; tris mdji rhmis (80:5,80:0 y 8056)y tris hutcrdthrdhs (80:8, 80:?, 805?). Mhs mdji rhmis, orutc fi hshn jmihs ecgstdtuyigtis. Mhs hutcrd-thrdhs firdvhfhs fi mh ouirti pir scghmdfhf fi ug ehu fdmmc. Fisfi 80:8 `hs th 805?, tris odburhsfc ndghgtis ―Uhg Nhrtîg, Jcmîvhr, y Uhgth Eruz― `hjîhg hetuhfc ecg pmhgcs fdstdgtcs y fig trc fiecgeip edcgis pc mîtdehs qui gc tdigig sdgc ug scmc figcndghfcr ec nûg; im hutcrdthrdsnc, isfi edr, mh jûsqui fh fim crfig ec nc jh si phrh im prcbri sc, hugqui dn pmdehrh mh ristrdeedõg fi mhmdjir thf. T mcs tris ehufdmmcs `hjîhg sdfc th e`hfcs fi ix trhg kircs. T gdgbugc fi immcs `hjîh pc fd-fc vir mh nhfu rhedõg fi su suiøc ig mh rihmdfhf.

_ir fhf is qui cori eîh ug shmfc ni kcr im jhmhgei fi mcs tris ecghtcs mdji rhmis. Mcs tris ecrris-pcgfdircg h ugh ndsnh bi gi rhedõg y h ug ndsnc hn jdig ti gi thnig ti pi ruhgcs, y si `hmmhrcgjh kc mh fdrieedõg fi ugh ndsnh nig thmdfhf. Im prdni rc, im fi 80:5, ctcrbh su phrtdfh fi jhu tds-nc h mh Zipûjmdeh. Im sibugfc, im fi 80:2-80:0, pcfrîh ehmdodehrsi ec nc im isjc zc fi ugh Zi pû-jmdeh hmthnig ti fis eig trhmdzhfh. Im tirei rc, im fi 8055-8056, si crdigth `hedh mh ecgeip edõg fiugh Zipûjmdeh hgtdndmdthrdsth. Hsî, puis, mh mue`h phrh hjhtdr im ncghrqudsnc fc ndgh h mh hshn-jmih fi 80:5, pcr mc nigcs ig sus hmjc ris1 mh erîtdeh ecgtrh im eigtrhmdsnc si øhmh mh nèxdnh hetd-tuf fi mcs fi jh tis fi 80:2-80:01 y mh riheedõg hfvirsh hm ndmdthrdsnc dgspdrh mhs nès dnpcrthgtishmti rhedcgis qui mh Ecgvig edõg fim 55-56 `hei ig im tixtc fim :0.

Mh rihmdfhf `h jîh ecg trhfde`c vdcmigthnig ti h mcs tixtcs fim :5, im :0 y im 56. Im :5, pcr ughdgvcmugthrdh drcgîh, ehsd hm ndsnc tdin pc qui im Ecgbri sc tir ndghjh ecg mh Ecgstdtuedõg, ecgoi-rîh im pcfir fde thtcrdhm h Jcmîvhr. Im :4, ug høc fispuäs fi mh sibugfh Ehrth mdji rhm, `hjîhsi ig eh-rhnh fc ig im pcfir im ndmdthrdsnc fi Bh nh rrh, phrh fi khrmh ig vdbig edh gcndghm c dgtir ndtig ti,c dgecn pmith. Im 56, im prisdfig ti Crji bcsc `hjîh gi ei sdthfc fu rhgti ug tdin pc mhs mmhnh fhs"oheumthfis ix trhcrfdghrdhs", y hm hmjc rihr im høc sdbudigti `h jîh drrunpdfc mh fdethfu rh fi Uhmh-virry. Jcmîvhr, Bhnh rrh, Uhmhvirry, `i hquî mhs rispuis ths fi mh rihmdfhf h mcs igsui øcs ecgstdtu-edcghmis fim :5, fim :2-:0 y fim 55-56.

H mcs edgec høcs fi mh ûmtdnh hshn jmih ecgstdtuyigti imibdfh gcrnhmnig ti y fis puäs fi

euhtrc høcs fi bui rrh edvdm i dgtir ghedcghm, thg fivhsthfc rh ecnc mh inhgedphedõg, si riugdõ imEcgbri sc fi @uhgehyc qui oui ecgvcehfc ecg ocrni h mh miy imieedcghrdh fi 8056.

IM ECGBZIUC FI @YHGEH TC. UYU \ZINDCU T EHUVDBCU.- Mh dgsthmhedõg fi is ti Ecg bri-sc ecgvcehfc ph rh "`heir euhgtc erih ecgvigdigti hm hrribmc y oimdedfhf fim phîs" oui jh kc mh prisd-fig edh fi Nhguim Oirriyrcs y tuvc mubhr im 89 fi hbcstc fi 8054. Ig ehrbõ mh omhnhg ti Hshn jmihMibdsmhtdvh im \cfir Iki eutdvc h Bhnh rrh jh kc im gcnjri fi „pri sdfig ti prc vdscrdc fi mh Zipûjmdeh„.Hprcjõ sus hetcs hfndgdstrhtdvcs fis fi qui si dg vdstdõ fim nhgfc su pri nc. Mi ecgei fdõ mcs tîtumcs

UIDU DgVIgFI ZIBîNIgIUECgUVDVuEIg 80 HøCU; MDJIZHMIU80:0 T 8056) HuVCZDVHZ(80:8, 80:?, 80MHU MDJIZoZuVC FI

HUHNJMIHUECgUVDVuTMHU HuVCZFIZD_HFHU ouIZVI\IZUCgHMDug EHuFDMM



8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9

EH\ÎVYMC :? \IZÎCFC 8

Zipûjmdeh. Crfi gõ mh mdjir thf fi mcs priscs fi ni gcr sdbgdodehedõg. Hutcrdzõ im ribri sc fi mcsind brhfcs, shmvc nuy pc ecs, ecg mh ecgfdedõg fi qui fdi rhg bhrhgtîh fi su juig ecn pcrth-ndig tc. Zi`hjdmdtõ h mcs ndinjrcs fi mhs hshnjmihs fi Udeuhgd y @uhurh, dgfumtõ h mcs ndmdthrispri scs, h mcs fisir tcris y h mcs fdspir scs. \ir ndtdõ im ribri sc h sus ehshs h mcs qui, figtrc fi mhZipûjmdeh y sdg sir ndmdthris, is tuvdisig ouirh fim mubhr fi su ri sdfig edh pcr nifdfhs bujir ghtd-

vhs y ehushs pcmîtdehs privdh ugh odhgzh fi su ecg fue th.Im Ecgbri sc ecgemuyõ sus mhjc ris ig mh ndsnh edufhf fi @uhg ehyc im :4 fi gcvdinjri fi8054. Vris nisis fi fi mdji rhedcgis phrh fhr ug guivc räbdnig ecgs tdtuedcghm hm phîs vigîhg hsir ug pmhzc dgusdthfc y jri vîsdnc, ecn phrhfc ecg mh mceuhedfhf fi mhs hshnjmihs mdji rhmis fi80::, 80:2 y 8056. Ecg mh prcougfh sdndmdtuf qui ph rhfc khmnig ti sui mig tigir ig tri sî mcs igi-ndbcs, si phriedõ mh Hshnjmih fi @uhgehyc nès jdig h mhs cphehs riugdcgis shgtheruedghs fiUdeuhgd y @uhurh. Ecnc immhs hphriei hgti mh `dstcrdh ecnc ug Ecg bri sc "ecgbi mhfc" y "nc gc-mîtdec", is fi edr, sdg nhycrîh gd ndgcrîh fdvdfdfhs pcr rhfdehmis fdoirig edhs dficmõbdehs.

MH ZIOCZNH KYFDEDHM.- Ygh fi mhs ixpri sdcgis fi mh tigfig edh frèstdeh fi mh Zisthurhedõgis tuvc ig mcs fieri tcs y miyis scjri im \c fir Kufdedhm. Bhnh rrh, ecnc pri sdfig ti prc vdscrdc, `dzchmbugcs gcn jrhndig tcs ig isi rh nc. Mhs miyis fi 8< y 85 fi si tdin jri fi 8054, ix pi fdfhs pcrim Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc, mc hutcrdzhrcg phrh gcn jrhr, trhsmhfhr y rinc vir hm pirscghm fi mh nhbds-trhturh euhgfc mc ixdbdisi mh ecgvigdigedh pujmdeh. Im fieritc fi :? fi si tdin jri fim ndsnc høc,riorigfhfc pcr im ndgdstrc Ji gdtc Mhsc, siøhmõ mh guivh mdsth fi mcs vcehmis y odsehmis fi mh EcrtiUupri nh, fi mhs ecrtis supi rdcris fi Mdnh y Hriqudph y fi mcs kuieis fi hmzhfh fim Ecgsumhfc. \h rhug fi eri tc si phrhfc qui fhrcg hpmhzhfcs mcs hrribmcs ig rimhedõg ecg mh Ecrti fi Mh Mdjir thf y mcs kuzbhfcs fi prd ni rh dgsthgedh fi mh Zipûjmdeh (fi eritc fi 0 fi gc vdinjri fi 8054).

Ig euhgtc h mh Ecrti Uupri nh oui rhtdodehfc im fi eri tc fi 8¼ fi nhr zc fi 8054. Uu pirscghmqui fõ ecn puis tc pcr Nhrdhgc Hmi kc Èmvhriz, Gdecmès Hrhgîvhr, Kustc Odbui rcmh, Uhgtdhbc Ecrjh-mèg, Kcsä Oriyri, Ji gdtc Mhsc, Kcsä Nhrurd fi mh Eujh y im odsehm Nhguim \äriz fi Vufi mh.

Mh ouirzh ndmdthr hmti rõ nès thrfi gui vhnig ti im crfig ixdstig ti ig im \c fir Kufdedhm ig imphîs, fispuäs fi qui inir bdircg ribîni gis pc mîtdecs ig 8099, 80?? y 845<.

MCU UIEYIUVZCU H MCU ECGOIFIZHMIU T H CZJI BCUC T UYU \HZVDFHZDCU.- MhZisthurhedõg dnpmhgtõ fi `i e`c ugh pc mîtdeh fi si euis trcs h mcs jdigis fi mcs phrtdfhrdcs prdg-edphmis fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, hsî ecnc h mcs fi Crji bcsc y sus hndbcs pcmîtdecs. Ecnc yh si `hhgcthfc, im bigi rhm Orhgedsec fi _dfhm ghrrh ig sus ni nc rdhs; "Im :6 fi igirc fi 8050 oud gcn-jrh fc pcr im bcjdirgc prcvdscrdc (fi Bhnh rrh) prioietc y ecnhg fhg ti bigirhm fim fiphrthnig-tc fi Kugîg. Ui ni cr fi gõ pcr isti, ecg odsehsi tc fc mcs jdigis fi fcg Nd buim Ctirc y fi tc fhshquimmhs pirscghs qui `h jîhg sir vdfc h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, nès ecnc is th fdspcsdedõg mh igecg-trhsi dg kusth y tini rhrdh, `dei h U.I. mh cjsirvhedõg… Mh ecgtis thedõg fi U.I. oui qui eunpmdisimhs õrfi gis qui h su gcn jri yh `h jîh fh fc im sieri thrdc bigi rhm qui mc irh im siøcr bigirhm

Ehstdmmh, hsî is qui, ecgtrh nds sigtdndig tcs, prcei fî h in jhrbhr hm siøcr Ctirc si tig th y thgthsmhjc ris qui ti gîh ig fdstdgths ndghs, vhrdhs `hedigfhs, brhg ehgtdfhf fi ni thmis ig isthfc fidgecrpcrhedõg, sus hmnh ei gis surtdfcs fi ûtd mis phrh sus cpirhrdcs y nue`cs orhsecs fi hzc bui,hseig fdigfc tc fc si bûg im dgvig thrdc fi mcs pirdtcs qui gcn jrä h eir eh fi : nd mmcgis fi pi scs,puis is ti siøcr irh ig tcgeis im ndgi rc nès ouirti fi \hs ec".

IM IU\ÎZDVY HYVCZDVHZDC FI @YHGEH TC.- Euhgfc si ocrnu mhrcg mcs tixtcs mdji rhmis fi80:5, 80:0 y 8056 dnpi rhjh im rieuirfc fi mh Ecmcgdh, "fi mh cndgcsh ehfi gh", qui "im piruhgc

IM ECgBZIUECgEMuTÕ UMHJCZIU Ig NDUNH EDu@uHgEHTC FI gC_DINJZ8054. VZIU NFIFIMDJIZHED\HZH FHZ ugguI_C ZäBDNECgUVDVuEHM \HîU, _IgUIZ ug \MHzDguUDVHFCJZI_îUDNC,ECN\HZHFCMH MCEuHEFI MHUHUHNJMIHUMDJIZHMIU80::, 80:2 T 8



Ecgcedfc ecnc im”prdnir scmfhfc fim\irû„, si igrcmõ ig imik redtc dgfipigfigtdh ecrth ifhf, jhkc imnhgfc fi Uhg Nhrtîg.Ig 8055 oui imibdfcfdputhfc pcr Mdnh yfijdõ scocehr ughrivcmuedõg dgdedhfUhmhvirry ig MhMdjirthf. Ig 806: hsumh \risdfigedh fi mhZipûjmdeh, pirc scmjrivinigti yh qui ouifipuistc pcr _dvhgec

OZHGEDUEC(80<<-80?5)

8EH\ÎVYMC :? \IZÎCFC 8

cprdndfc" hrrhstrhrh "mhrbc tdin pc". \i rc ig 8054, fis puäs fi `h jir sdfc fis bhrrhfcs mcs tixtcsmdji rhmis fispuäs fi mh isphgtcsh pishfdmmh fi mhs buirrhs dgtir ghedcghmis y edvdmis, prifc ndghjhctrh hspdrhedõg; im hg`i mc fi crfig y fi phz. \h ri eîh qui mc giei shrdc irh ocrthmieir im Isthfc,puis ecg im Isthfc rc jus tc, vigfrîh im prcbri sc y tcfc mc finès mmibhrîh pcr høhfdfu rh. \cr iscmh ecndsdõg qui ig im Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc priphrõ im tixtc fi mh guivh Ehrth pcmîtdeh (h euyh

ehji zh odburõ Oirghgfc Ucoodh, pirdcfdsth vdjrhg ti fis fi mcs fîhs fi mh prdni rh hfndgdstrhedõgfi Bh nh rrh) nig edcgõ, hm prisig thr su prcyietc "mcs `crrcris fi mh hghrquîh y fi mh rivcmuedõg"ecnc pri ndsh phrh mh urbig ti gi ei sdfhf qui „ig ecg si euig edh tdigi im \irû fi ugh miy ougfh-nig thm qui mc prisirvi ig mc suei sdvc fi dbuhmis fishstris".

Is hsî ecnc mh Ehrth fi @uhgehyc ripri sig th ugh gcvi fhf ig mh `dstcrdh ecgstdtuedcghmpi ruhgh; is mh prdni rh Ehrth fi ecg ti gdfc hu tcrdthrdc imhjc rhfh ig im phîs1 ni kcr fde`c, is imprdnir ix pcgig ti ecgs tdtuedcghm fi ug hutcrdthrdsnc gh edcghmdsth. Ig ctrhs phmhjrhs, is im riomi kcfi ug phîs ehgshfc fis puäs fi ug mhrbc fi shgbrhrsi.

Ehji is tufdhr im hutcrdthrdsnc fi @uhg ehyc, fis fi mcs sdbudigtis pug tcs fi vdsth; 8¼ Im riocr-zhndig tc fim \cfir Iki eutdvc1 :¼ Mh supri sdõg fi mcs crbhgdsncs mcehmis1 5¼ Mh rifue edõg fi mcsfi ri e`cs dgfdvdfuhmis1 6¼ Mh `cstdmdfhf h mh kuvig tuf y h mcs pcjris.

Im riocr zhndigtc fim \cfir Ikieutdvc ti gîh nûmtdpmis hspie tcs. Im nhgfh tc fim prisdfig ti fi mhZipûjmdeh oui hnpmdhfc fi euh trc h sids høcs. H fdoirig edh fi mh Ehrth e`dmigh fi 8055, gc ouiheipthfc, ig ehn jdc, im prdgedpdc fi mh riimieedõg qui pirndtdõ mh ixdstig edh fi tris pri sdfig tisig tri 805< y 80?<; \rditc, Jumgis y Ncgtt. Xuifõ suprdndfh mh pcsdjdmdfhf fi mh heushedõg ecgtrhim prisdfig ti pcr cjrh fim Ecgbri sc, hutcrdzhfh ig mhs fcs Ecgstdtuedcgis hgti rdcris, euhgfc sitrhthrh fi dgorheedcgis1 shmvc im ehsc fi ug hth qui h mh dgfi pig fig edh y ugdfhf fim phîs.

Igtri mhs htrdju edcgis pri sdfig edhmis ouircg dgemudfhs; suspig fir pcr euh trc ni sis h mc nès ytrhsmhfhr h euhmqudir ougedcghrdc fim \cfir Kufdedhm, euhgfc h su kudedc mc ixdbdirh mh ecgvigdigedhpûjmdeh1 gcnjrhr, ecg hprcjh edõg fim Uighfc y, ig su ri ei sc, ecg mh fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc, hbig tisfdpmcnè tdecs y rinc virmcs h su hrjdtrdc1 eimijrhr ecgecrfhtcs ecgocrni h mhs dgstrueedcgis fim Uigh-fc1 rinc vir h mcs vcehmis fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh ecg im vctc ugègdni fim Ecg si kc fi Isthfc, h mcs fimhs supi rdcris ecg im fi mcs fcs tiredcs, h mcs kuieis fi prdni rh dgsthgedh ecg mh pmurhmdfhf hj scmuth.

Ctrh nuis trh fim rcjus ti edndig tc fim \cfir Iki eutdvc pui fi sir `h mmhfh ig im hrtîeumc quiig ecndig fh hm Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc mh htrdju edõg fi ecgei fir h hquim mhs mmhnh fhs "oheumthfisixtrhcrfdghrdhs", is fiedr, im pcfir fi sus pig fir mhs bhrhgtîhs ecgstdtuedcghmis furhgti ug tdin-pc fi tir ndghfc. Is ti ctcr bhndig tc fi ji sir `i e`c si bûg mhs ecgstdtuedcgis fi 80:0 y 8056pcr im Ecgbri sc. Im prisdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh gc pcfîh trhsndtdr mhs oheumthfis ix trhcrfdghrdhs(Crji bcsc `hjîh trhsndtdfc mhs suyhs h Uhgth Eruz euhgfc dn pi rhjh mh Ehrth fi 8056).

Mh _dei pri sdfig edh, suprdndfh ig 8056, oui suprdndfh thn jdäg ig 8054. Im prisdfig ti fimEcgsi kc fi Isthfc, riin pmhzhjh hm prisdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh. Irh im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc ug cr bh-gdsnc hsi scr euycs ndin jrcs prc vigîhg fi mh imieedõg fim Ecgbri sc fig trc c ouirh fi su si gc1y ecrrispcgfîh thn jdäg hm Ecgbri sc mh imieedõg gc scmc fim prisdfig ti fi fd e`c Ecg si kc, sdgcthn jdäg fi sus fcs vdeiprisdfigtis. \cr mc thgtc, sibûg mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054, ujc `hs th trisvdeiprisdfigtis fi mh Zipûjmdeh; im prdnir vdeiprisdfigti; im pri sdfig ti fim Ecgsi kc fi Is thfc.

Uibugfc vdeiprisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh; im prdnir vdeiprisdfigti fim Ecg si kc fi Isthfc. Vireirvdeiprisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh; im sibugfc vdeiprisdfigti fim Ecg si kc fi Isthfc. T mc eurdcscoui qui surbdõ ug ncnig tc ig qui ig trhrcg ig ecg omdetc mcs tris vdeiprisdfigtis, puis su pri-sig edh sdnumtègih ecg trdju yõ h ecnpmdehr mcs suei scs fi 806:.

Im Ecgbri sc fi jîh ti gir riu gdcgis jdi ghmis. Im Uighfc qui fõ ecn puis tc fi :8 ndin jrcs,fdstrdjudfcs ig mcs fi phrthnig tcs pcr mh miy fi imieedcgis.

Mh su prisdõg fi mcs crbhgdsncs mcehmis si ri vimh nifdhgti im sdmigedc fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg ecgrispie tc h mhs nugdedphmdfhfis (fde`cs ecg si kcs ouircg risthjmiedfcs ig 8095 ec nc fi pig fig-edhs fim Ikieutdvc)1 mh gc ixdstig edh fi mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis, y mh erihedõg fi mcs dgtig fig tis



840







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :?

fi pc mdeîhs, ougedcghrdcs hfndgdstrhtdvcs ecg oheumthfis kufdedhmis, ikieutdvhs y fi si burdfhf pû jmd-eh, gcn jrh fcs pcr im Bcjdirgc Eig trhm y ecgvirtdfcs ig mcs ûgdecs õrbhgcs fi hu tcrdfhf mcehm.

Mh rifueedõg fi mcs firie`cs dgfdvdfuhmis prisig th fdvirshs ohei ths. Hm siøhmhr im hrtîeumc 9¼ecnc pi ruhgcs fi gh edndig tc h mcs "`cnjris mdjris gh edfcs ig im \i rû", fi kõ tèedthnig ti ri ec-gcedfh mh is emhvdtuf, sd jdig im hrtîeumc 899 fieîh qui ghfdi ghei is emhvc ig im \irû. Ecnc ug

ecrcmhrdc fi is ti hrtîeumc, mh miy fi :6 fi fdedin jri fi 8054 cr fi gõ qui mcs `d kcs fi isemhvcsfi emhrhfcs mdjris pcr fi eri tc fi 8: fi hbcs tc fi 80:8, qui fhjhg jh kc im phtrcghzbc fi mcs hncsfi sus ph fris `hs th mh ifhf fi mcs 9< høcs. Mcs phtrcgis pc fîhg ei fir su ph trcghzbc pcr euhm-qudirh fi mcs nifdcs siøhmhfcs pcr mhs miyis phrh mh trhgsndsdõg fi mcs firie`cs.

Ecnc ri qudsdtcs fi mh edufhfhgîh pusc mh Ehrth; shjir miir y iserdjdr (ixeip tc mcs dgfîbi ghsy nis tdzcs `hsth 8066 ig mhs pcjmhedcgis fcg fi gc ù jdi si is eui mhs fi dgstrueedõg prdnh rdh)y phbhr hmbugh ecgtrdju edõg. Igtri mhs ehushs fi mh suspig sdõg fi mh edufhfhgîh oui dgemudfh mhthe`h fi fiu fcr qui jrh fc. Im ìe`c fi ri ji mdõg ecg hrnhs c si fdedõg pcpumhr ecgtrh imBcjdirgc y hutcrdfhfis ecgs tdtudfhs `h eîh pirfir mh edufhfhgîh.

Hm ndsnc tdin pc, mh pcsi sdõg fi ugh rigth nîgdnh oui ixdbdfh phrh sir fdputhfc c si ghfcr,ecg mc euhm oui suprdndfh mh hutcrdzhedõg ispi edhm ecgei fdfh pcr mhs Ecgstdtuedcgis hgti rdcrish mcs prcoiscris. "Nès dnpcrthgti is mh rigth qui mh dmustrhedõg" (ecnig thjh høcs fis puäs, Vcrd-jdc \heì ec) sdg htigfir h qui `hy rig ths nc rhmis y rigths dgti mietuhmis.

Hquî im riheedcghrdsnc fi mcs mibdsmhfc ris pi ruhgcs si dgspdrhjh ig im nc fi mc orhgeäs. Irhug dgtig tc fi dr h ugh "Zipûjmdeh eigsdthrdh", c sih, fi erihr ug "phîs mi bhm". "Igrdqui eäcs pcr imtrhjh kc y im h`crrc" ùjdi rhg pcfdfc immcs rispcgfir, ec nc Budzct, h qudigis eig surhjhg mhsthxhtdvhs puisths phrh sir imibdfc. Nhs fde`hs thxhtdvhs (h fdoirig edh fim ncfi mc orhgeäs) gcmmibhjhg h mcs imietcris ndsncs, yh qui mcs dgfdcs phbhjhg su ecg trdju edõg prcpdh y im riqudsd-tc fi sh jir miir y iserdjdr phrh pcfir vc thr oui pcstir bhfc `hs th ugh oie`h pcs ti rdcr. \rèetdeh-nig ti, puis, im suorhbdc irh ugdvirshm, sibûg im tixtc fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg, ig ecgtrhsti ecg mhEhrth pcmîtdeh e`dmigh fi 8055 si bûg mh euhm phrh im ikirededc fi is ti fi ri e`c irh gi ei shrdcshjir miir y iserdjdr y pcsiir ugh ehpdthm rhîz c ug ehpdthm fi bdrc.

_ähsi nès hfi mhgti im heèpdti sc jri mh miy imietcrhm.Ctrh gcth rishmthgti ig mh Ehrth fi @uhgehyc ouimh cstdmdfhf h mh kuvigtuf . Ish cstdmdfhf ig ehr-

ghjh mh riheedõg fim vdi kc Bhnh rrh y fi sus viti rhgcs ecgtrh im ispîrdtu ioirviseig ti qui `h jîhti gdfc su sîn jc mc ig Uhmhvirry qui ig tcgeis, sdg sus ehrheti rîstdehs fi ocbcsdfhf ecn jh tdvh, pircecg hgèmcbhs hspdrhedcgis h ugh trhgsocrnh edõg rhfdehm, si igehrghjh ig _dvhgec. Mh edufhfhgîhoui ecgei jdfh h mcs :9 høcs1 mh hptdtuf phrh sir fdputhfc, h mcs 5<1 mh hptdtuf phrh sir sighfcr, ecg-si kirc fi Is thfc, ndgdstrc c pri sdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh, h mcs 6< (_dvhgec ti gîh igtcgeis 55).

Vcrdjdc \heì ec fd kc høcs nès thrfi qui sd Jhmzhe `hjîh ì e`c ig ugh gc vimh im imcbdc fimh nu kir fi 5< høcs, ig im \irû `hjîh qui `h eir im imcbdc fim euhrig tõg.

Mh ifhf nîgdnh ph rh mh \risdfig edh fi mh Zipûjmdeh sibûg mh Ecgstdtuedõg e`dmigh fi 8055irh 5< høcs.

Is dgixhetc hodrnhr qui hquî gc si trh thjh sdgc fi ugh dndthedõg orhgei sh. Hugqui mh dndth-edõg ùjdi rh ixdstdfc, `h jrîh ecrrispcgfdfc h ug prc jminh erdcmmc dgni fdhtc.

Xui si trhthjh fi ugh qui rimmh ghedcghm igtri vdi kcs y kõvigis, mc rivimhg nue`cs tis tdnc-gdcs fi mh äpceh, hphrti fim fi \h eì ec, ecnc pcr ikin pmc im fi Kcsä Ehsdndrc Ymmch, ig suocmmitc Im \irû ig 8095, heireh fim euhm si `hjmhrè nès hfi mhgti.

_hrdcs ouircg mcs hrtîeumcs dgemudfcs ig mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056 fi tig fig edh dgfdvdfuh mdsth,qui mh fi 8054 suprdndõ.

Istuvdircg ig tri immcs, mh giei sdfhf fi ugh pri vdh ecgfi gh kufdedhm phrh prcfu edr mh fipcr-thedõg, im prdgedpdc fi `h jihs ecr pus, im kudedc fi ri sdfig edh phrh mcs ougedcghrdcs y ugh sirdi fipri vdsdcgis y shgedcgis ecg trh mcs hjuscs prcpdcs fim ndmdthrdsnc. Mh riji mdõg ecg hrnhs ouiecgsdfi rhfh ecnc ugh ehu sh phrh mh pärfdfh fi mh edufhfhgîh.

ECNC ZIquDUDVCUFI MH

EDuFHFHgîH\uUC MH EHZVH;

UHJIZ MIIZ TIUEZDJDZ

(IxEI\VC MCUDgFîBIgHU T

NIUVDzCU @HUVH8066 Ig MHU

\CJMHEDCgIUFCgFI gC

@uJDIUI IUEuIMHUFI DgUVZuEEDÕg

\ZDNHZDH) T\HBHZ HMBugHECgVZDJuEDÕg.



Ygh viz fdsuimth mhEcgoifirhedõg\irû-jcmdvdhgh, im Ecgbrisc piruhgc siriugdõ ig mh edufhf @uhgehyc. Hmmî si priphrõ mh Ecgstdtufi 8054. Hsdndsnc, sisthjmiedõ mh miyimietcrhm qui sihpmdehrîh ig mhs primieedcgis prisdfigedhmis. Iggcvdinjri fi 8050, im vdhkirc Micgei Hgb`dzc isti fdjukc quinuistrh mh DbmisdhDgfdcs fi fde`h eduf

@YHGEHTCMH ECGUVDFI 8054


IM GHEDCGHMDUNC FI @YHGEH TC.- Hm mhfc fim hutcrdthrdsnc, tu vc mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054ecnc vdbcrcsh ehrheti rîstdeh im ghedcghmdsnc.

Mh ghedõg gc pcfîh `heir phetcs qui si cpu sdirhg h mh dgfi pig fig edh y mh ugdfhf. Mh ocrnhfi bc jdirgc irh dghmti rhjmi. Mh hprcjh edõg fim \cfir Mibdsmhtdvc fi jîh si budr h mcs phetcs qui siei mijrh rhg ecg pctig edhs ixtrhg kirhs. Im ixtrhg kirc qui hf qudrdirh prcpdifhfis ig mh Zipûjmdeh

si rîh iqudphrhfc, ig euhg tc h sus cjmdbhedcgis, h mcs edufhfhgcs pi ruhgcs. \hrh fhr in pmic hmcs ixtrhg kircs hphri eîh ecnc ri qudsdtc gi ei shrdc im heuirfc fim Ecgsi kc fi Is thfc. Im hetc fiecgtrhir nh trdnc gdc ig im \irû dnpmdehjh mh ghturhmdzhedõg.

\hrh isi ghedcghmdsnc `h jîh rhzcgis ecn prig sdjmis. Irh im risecmfc fi euh trc høcs fi bui-rrhs edvdmis i dgtir ghedcghmis, ig mhs qui scmfhfcs fi fcs gh edcgis vi edghs `hjîhg mue`hfc igsui mc piruhgc1 y irh im ecgtrhsti vdvc ecg im räbdnig qui heh jh jh fi sir fi rrdjh fc, räbdnig gcscmc scsti gdfc pcr mhs jhycgi ths jc mdvdhghs sdgc thn jdäg pcr im crc dgbmäs.

IM ECGBZIUC FI @YHGEH TC, IM HNIZDEHGDUNC T MHU ZIMHEDCGIU ECG IU\HØH.- Gc oui dgecn phtdjmi im ghedcghmdsnc fi @uhg ehyc ecg ug hn pmdc hnirdehgdsnc. Ig ish hshn-jmih oui hprcjh fh ugh miy phrh riugdr h pmigdpctig edhrdcs fi tcfc im ecgtdgig ti. Irh mh rihphrdedõgoubhz y fisti ødfh fim suiøc fi \h ghnè.

\cr mh miy fi : fi cetujri fi 8054 ecg sdfi rhgfc "qui mh ghedõg isphøcmh y su bc jdirgchetuhm `hg fhfc prui jhs pc sdtdvhs fi is thr risuimtcs h riecgceir mh dgfi pig fig edh fim \irû yig thjmhr ecg äm rimhedcgis fi phz, hnds thf y ecnir edc1 qui pcr mhs rimhedcgis fi shg bri, `è jdtcs,dfdcnh, ri mdbdõg y ecstun jris fi hn jhs ghedcgis, im ecnir edc fdrietc ig tri immhs fiji sirnu tuhnig ti vig th kcsc, rinc vdägfc si hsî mcs injh rhzcs qui pri sig th ig im trèodec fi mh dgtir-pcsdedõg fi tir ei rh nhgc", si fds pusc hjrdr mcs puirtcs fim phîs h tcfcs mcs juquis fi mh hgtdbuhni trõpcmd qui qudsdirhg `heir im ecnir edc ecg mh Zipûjmdeh ig mcs ndsncs tär ndgcs qui mc`heîhg mhs finès gh edcgis iu rcpihs.

\ui fi hodrnhr si, ig su nh, qui mcs ûgdecs fis ti mmcs risuimthnig ti mdji rhmis qui si vdsmun-jrhg ig mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 scg mcs hgti rdcrnig ti edthfcs, im hrtîeumc qui nhgtdigi im kudedcpcr kurhfcs, im qui pirndtdõ im vctc fi mcs dgfdcs y nis tdzcs `hsth 8066 y im qui prcî ji scmc imikirededc pûjmdec fi euhmqudir ctrc eumtc qui gc oui rh im ehtõmdec. Mhs Ecgstdtuedcgis hgti rdcris`hjîhg prc`djdfc fde`c ikir ededc ig prdgedpdc y hm rispie tc si `h jîh fdseutdfc ix tig shnig ti igmh Ecgstdtuyigti fim :2.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi @uhgehyc dgemuyõ igtri mcs piruhgcs pcr ghturhmdzhedõg h "mcs isphøcmisfis fi qui nh gdodistig su vcmugthf fi fc ndedmdhrsi ig im phîs y si dgserdjhg ig im Zibdstrc Eîvdec".

Ig ehpîtumc pcsti rdcr si trhthrè fim ecg kugtc fi mhs Ehrths pcmîtdehs fhfhs ig im \i rû `hsth 8054.

MCGBI _DFHF FI MH ECGUVDVYEDÕG FIM 54.- H mc mhrbc fi mcs høcs, risumtõ qui is thEcgstdtuedõg tuvc nès suir ti qui mhs hgti rdcris. Mh prdni rh Ecgstdtuedõg ghedõ h`cbhfh,pcrqui ecdgedfdõ su prcnumbhedõg ecg mh ouirti fdethfu rh fi Jc mîvhr y scmc hmehgzõ h ribdr

jri vi nig ti euhgfc oui fi rrdjh fc im räbdnig vdthmdedc, ndigtrhs si priphrhjh mh Ecgstdtuedõgfim :0. Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fim :? si qui fõ thn jdäg ig im phpim. Mh fim :0 rdbdõ ig ni fdc fiorieuig tis vdcmhedcgis, fu rhgti euhtrc jri vis høcs. Mh fim 56, nigcs fi ug høc. Ig ehn jdcmh fi @uhgehyc si dgdedõ ig 8054 y hugqui is tuvc ig suspig sc fi 806: h 8066, vcmvdõ h ribdrfis fi 8069 h 8096, is fi edr mmibõ h eun pmdr 89 høcs. Fisecgthgfc mcs tris høcs fi suspig-sdõg, quifh ug tc thm ioietdvc fi 8: høcs, edorh scrprig fig ti ig ecn phrhedõg ecg mhs Ecgstd-tuedcgis pri ei fig tis.

Xudzè isth mcgbi vdfhf gc si fi jdõ h mcs närdtcs dgtrîgsi ecs fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi @uhgehyc,sdgc h ohetcris ivig tuhmis.



:<< \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 8?

Igtri 806: y 8066 vdvdõ im phîs jh kc im Fdrietcrdc fi _dvhgec, igshyc fi ug hu tcrdthrdsnc nèsixtri nc, hug qui fi tdg ti dgti mietuhm1 y im risthjmiedndig tc fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg oui ìe`c brhedhsh mh isphfh fi Zh nõg Ehstdmmh, figtrc fi ug ecg ti gdfc fi nc erètdec origti h _dvhgec.

Mh isthjdmdfhf ecgs tdtuedcghm qui vdgc ig si budfh si fi jdõ hm ispîrdtu prhbnè tdec fi Ehs tdmmhy fi su su ei scr, Ieì gdqui1 y yh fu rhgti im bcjdirgc fi isti, im nh misthr qui mcs iminig tcs eum-

tcs fim phîs sigtîhg hgti mh Ecgstdtuedõg ecgtrdju yõ h mh dgqudituf pc mîtdeh y h mh bägi sds fi mhrivcmuedõg mdji rhm fi 8096.

MH MIT IMIEVCZHM FI 8054.- Im Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc fdc im :4 fi gcvdinjri fi 8054 mhmiy ribmhnig thrdh fi mhs imieedcgis qui Bh nh rrh y su ndgdstrc Nhguim Oirriyrcs prcnumbhrcgig Mdnh im :4 fi fdedin jri fim ndsnc høc. Hgti rdcrnig ti `h jîhg ri bdfc ph rh im suorhbdc, imribmhnig tc fi :? fi hjrdm fi 80::, mh miy fi 86 fi nh yc fi 80:0 y mh fi 5 fi kumdc fi 8056.

Mh miy fi 8054 trhtõ fim eigsc pcmîtdec fi eh fh phrrcqudh y fi mh imieedõg fi fdputhfcs, si gh-fc ris, pri sdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh, kuieis fi phz, sîgfdecs, prceurhfc ris y kurhfcs fi dn prig th.\hrh sir imietcr fi ph rrcqudh ixdbdõ; sir edufhfhgc ig ikir ededc, dgserdtc ig im Zibdstrc Eîvdec, sirghturhm c tigir fcs høcs fi vi edgfhf ig su ph rrcqudh c ig mh fi euhmqudirh fi mh prcvdgedh h quiisth ecrrispcgfdirh, shjir miir y iserdjdr (mh miy gc `dzc rioirig edh h mh hutcrdzhedõg ecgstdtuedcghmì e`h h mcs dgfdcs y nis tdzcs) y tigir ugh prcpdifhf rhîz ig hetuhm prcfue edõg su kith h mhs ecg-trdju edcgis mibhmis, gc isthgfc ix eip edcghfc fi immh pcr mh miy, c sir inpmihfc. Gc pc fîhgimibdr gd sir imibdfcs mcs qui ùjdi sig pir fdfc c tu vdisig suspig sc im firie`c fi edu fhfhgîh,mcs sdrvdigtis fc näs tdecs, mcs nigfdbcs, mcs prioietcs, suj pri oietcs y bcjir ghfc ris ig im tirrd-tcrdc fi su ehrbc1 mcs ecnhg fhg tis bi gi rhmis fi fi phrthnig tcs, kiois fi buhrgdedõg, codedhmissujhmtir gcs, emhsis i dgfdvdfucs fi trc ph ig mhs prcvdgedhs pcr immcs buhrgdedcghfhs h fcg fiis tuvdirhg hehgtcghfcs.

Q DD ^MIBHMD[HEDÕG FI MH \ZIUDFIGEDH FI BHNHZZH.- Isth sibugfh \ri sdfig edh fi Bhnh-rrh si dgdedõ ecg ugh hphrig ti sundsdõg h mhs ocrnhs mibhmis.

Ig su nig sh ki hm Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc im 89 fi hbcstc fi 8054, Bhnh rrh fd kc;

(...) MHECgUVDVuTIgVI

FI @uHgEHTC\uFC CZFIgHZ

MH IMIEEDÕg\ZIUDFIgEDHM

\C\uMHZUDNuMV gIH ECgMH FI FD\uVHFCU

FIM ECgBZIUC

CZFDgHZDC, MCEuHM @uJDIUI

UDBgDoDEHFC ugHøC FI

\ZÕZZCBH H MH\ZIUDFIgEDH

\ZC_DUCZDH (...)

_dvhgec si ig rcmõ ig mh mue`h dgfi pig fig tdsth ig

80:8. Fcs høcs fis puäs, dgbri sõ hm ikäredtc ecncehfi ti. \hr tdedpõ hsî ig mhs jhthmmhs fi Kugîg yHyheue`c, jh kc im nhgfc fim ec rcgim \i frc Jir nû fiz.Ig mh buirrh ecgtrh mh Brhg Ecmcnjdh mue`õ kugtc h MhNhr, y muibc fi su fi pc sdedõg pdfdõ im ritdrc. Is ti, sdgin jhr bc, gc oui heip thfc y ri edjdõ im ehrbc fi ifi eègfim pri sdfig ti Mh Ouigti. Ig 8056 oui gcn jrh fc pri-oietc fi Mdnh, pc sdedõg qui odghmnig ti fi jdõ hjhg fc-ghr pcr pri sdõg pcpu mhr.

\CMîVDEC T NDMDVHZFI MHZBH

EHZZIZH, UIFIEMHZÕ Uu\ZINC

FDZIEVCZ FIM \IZÛIg 8065.

NHguIM DBgHEDC FI _D_HgEC (80<?



:<EH\ÎVYMC :? \IZÎCFC 8

"Nds ehgshfcs høcs `hg ix ti guhfc thg tc nds ouirzhs, qui gc ni pir ndtig ecg shbrhrni hmfis phe`õ fi mcs gibcedcs pûjmdecs ecg mh hetdvdfhf qui fi sihrh.

Tc sirä im prdni rc ig fhr ikin pmc fi sundsh rivirig edh h vuistrcs prieip tcs, fis fi im `c bhrfc näs tdec hfcg fi ni ri tdrc. Nds sherdodedcs pcr mh mdjir thf qui fhrèg hnpmdhnig ti ri ecn pig shfcssd vuistrh dgfumbig edh si fdbgh fdspig shrni mcs irrcris ig qui `h yh dgeurrdfc".

Ehzurrhnig ti, im "Zisthurhfcr" qui rîh hphrieir ecnc im pcmc cpuistc fi su rdvhm im "\rctie tcr".Hehsc, juig mhtdgdsth, hjîh miîfc ig Vèedtc qui Vdji rdc fcndgõ h Zcnh ndig trhs hphrig thjh im nèsù ndmfi fi sdgti räs. \i rc, ecnc Vdji rdc, mhs ûgdehs vhedmhedcgis qui tu vc phrh sibudr bcjir ghgfcouircg mhs fi sus fdseurscs.

Im Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc mc gcnjrõ, ecnc yh si `h fd e`c, pri sdfig ti prc vdscrdc1 y äm, pcr edirtc,heiptõ im gcnjrhndig tc ecnc ug "ikin pmc fi sundsh rivirigedh". \irc im ndsnc Ecg bri sc, pcr miyfi :? fi gc vdinjri fi 8054, nhg fõ ioie tuhr, sdg finc rh, mh imieedõg fim prisdfig ti ecgs tdtuedcghmfi mh Zipûjmdeh pcr mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis, y igehrbõ h mcs fdputhfcs qui vcmvdirhg h riugdrsi, is thviz ig Mdnh, phrh heir mh ehmdodehedõg fi mhs heths y mh prcemhnh edõg fim ehgfdfhtc qui ù jdi rh cj ti-gdfc mh nhycrîh fi vctcs. Mcs pirdõfdecs fi mh äpceh prisig thrcg is th miy ecnc ug bis tc fi su jmdnifi sdgti räs. Fd kircg qui mh Ecgstdtuyigti fi @uhgehyc pufc cr fi ghr mh imieedõg prisdfig edhm pcpu-mhr sdnumtègih ecg mh fi fdputhfcs fim Ecgbri sc crfdghrdc, mc euhm ùjdi si sdbgdodehfc ug høc fiprõrrcbh h mh \risdfig edh prcvdscrdh1 c ioietuhr ecg mh hutcrdzhedõg fi ug hrtîeumc ecgstdtuedcghmtrhgsdtcrdc, mh imieedõg prisdfig edhm nifdhgti ug hetc fi mh ndsnh Ecgs tdtuyigti, ecnc ig 80:2, mceuhm ujdi rh shtdsoie`c mh vhgdfhf y sir vdfc h mhs ecgvigdigedhs fi Bhnh rrh.

Mh imieedõg pcpumhr mmibõ h sir ioietuhfh ig igi rc fi 806<, fi heuir fc ecg mh miy fi :4 figcvdinjri fi 8054. Gh fh dnpdfdõ mh ehgfdfhturh fi Bhnh rrh, prisdfig ti prc vdscrdc ig ougedcgis.

Mh Ecgstdtuyigti, trhgsocrnh fh ig Ecg bri sc, si vcm vdõ h riugdr ig Mdnh fim 2 hm 88 fi kugdc fi8054. _irdodehfc im iserutdgdc, risumtõ imibdfc Bhnh rrh pcr :.96: vctcs fi mcs 5.4:0 suorhbhfcs igmcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis fi 90 prcvdgedhs.

Vcrrdec cj tuvc :95 vctcs y Mh Ouig ti 84:. Hpighs sd hmbugcs vctcs dg fdehjhg, puis, mh surbig-ti hn jdedõg fim bigi rhm Kuhg Erdsõstcnc Vcrrdec, qui ecgsdbudõ nue`cs suorhbdcs ig im sur, igHriqudph y Ncqui buh pcr cjrh fi scmfhfcs fdsorhzhfcs, y ig Vhegh pcr igtusdhsnc is pcgtègicfim puijmc. \rcemhnh fc pri sdfig ti ecgs tdtuedcghm, Bhnh rrh si fdc pcr scrprig fdfc y hodrnõ pû jmd-ehnig ti qui si `h jîh is thfc pri phrhgfc "h pri sig edhr, mdjri fi mcs hzhris fi mh vdfh pûjmdeh, imìr nc sc is pie tèeumc fi mh oimdedfhf ec nûg". T, sdg fufh, mh imieedõg gc `hjîh sdfc ugh dnpcsdedõg

\rcnumbhfh im 8< figcvdinjri fi 8054, istecgstdtuedõg ouihprcjhfh trhs mhfdscmuedõg fi mhEcgoifirhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh, pcr imEcgbrisc fi @uhgehy pcr im prisdfigti prcvdscrdc HbustîgBhnhrrh. Vuvc ehrèegithnigti ecgsirvhfcr y istuvc ig vdbigedh`hsth 8099.

MH ECGUVDFI 8054

_dvhgec si dgecrpc rõ h mh mue`h fi Uh mhvirry ig

8059, y si ixdmdõ ig E`dmi trhs mh firrc th fi Uc ehjh-yh. H su ribri sc oui gcn jrh fc pri oietc fi Hri-qudph i dgdedõ ug nc vdndig tc mmhnh fc ”Zi bi gi rh-edõg„. Zhnõg Ehs tdmmh, pcr igtcg eis nd gdstrc fiBui rrh, ecn jh tdõ fde`h hbru phedõg. Muibc fivhrdcs igorigthndig tcs, _dvhgec, fi rrc thfc, siixdmdõ ig Jcmdvdh.Im :0 fi igi rc fi 8065 si prc emhnõ „su pri ncfdrie tcr„ ig im sur fim \i rû, ndig trhs Orhgedsec fi

_dfhm bcjir ghjh ig Mdnh. Uu bc jdir gc tu vc ehrèe-

tir hu tc erètdec y bi gi rõ nc vdndig tcs ig su ecg-trh. Fc ndgbc Gditc y Zhnõg Ehs tdmmh igehji zhrcgim nctîg qui mc sheõ fim pcfir.Ig 809< ri bri sõ fi su ixd mdc ig Ieuhfcr y si fi fd-eõ gui vhnig ti h mh vdfh pc mîtdeh, ceuphgfc fd vir-scs ehrbcs, ec nc nd gdstrc pmigdpc tig edhrdc igE`dmi y sighfcr pcr Hri qudph. Ig 80?9 odrnõ imVrhthfc _dvhgec-\hrikh ig mh Iseuhfrh Isphøcmhfim \heîodec.



:<:







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


codedhm. Fim ndsnc nc fc, im gcnjrhndig tc fi pri sdfig ti prc vdscrdc qui mi ecgodrdirh mh Ecgstdtu-yig ti fi @uhgehyc, `hjîh ti gdfc isi eh rèetir.

Ecn pèrisi, sdg in jhrbc, mh hetdtuf fi Bh nh rrh ig mh dgvhsdõg h Jcmdvdh im høc fi 80:0, ig mhimieedõg fi 8054 y ig mh dgvhsdõg h Jc mdvdh fi 8068, y si ig ecgtrhrè ugh emhrh ecgecrfhgedh qui istcfh ugh rivimhedõg sdecmõbdeh.

Ig mh eirinc gdh fi kurhnig tc fi Bh nh rrh ecnc pri sdfig ti ecgs tdtuedcghm, im prisdfig ti fimEcgbri sc, Muehs \i mmdeir, mi fd kc; "_igei fcr ig Hyheue`c y ig Hgehs` c gi bcedhgfc mh phz ecg mhsghedcgis vi edghs, scds sdinpri im ripri sig thgti fi mhs bmcrdhs fim \irû fis fi qui si fi emhrõ dgfi-pig fdigti im hutcr fi sus ûgdecs fîhs fi ri pcsc y trhgqudmdfhf".

Q DDD ^MH IUEYIMH EIGVZHM FI NHZDGH T MH IUEYIMH GÈYVDEH FI \HDVH. MH \CJZI [HGH _HM.- Yg fi eri tc fi Bh nh rrh, oie`hfc 0 fi igi rc fi 806<, risthjmiedõ mh Iseui mh Eigtrhmfi Nh rdgh, puis "mh Zipûjmdeh (ixpri sõ su prdnir ecg sdfi rhgfc) ehriei fi pd mctcs oheumthtdvcsqui pui fhg fdrdbdr ecg hedirtc mh ghvibhedõg fi mh nhrdgh nir ehgti". Oui ecnc ugh rie tdodeh-edõg fim irrcr ecni tdfc pcr im ndsnc Bh nh rrh hm eirrhr fde`h Is eui mh ig 805:. Immh gc ougedcgõfi dgni fdhtc.

Ctrc fi eri tc fi mh ndsnh oie`h irdbdõ ugh Iseui mh Gèutdeh ig \hdth, "ecg im odg fi ocrnhrpdmctcs oheumthtdvcs" hbribõ im ribmhnig tc pir tdgig ti. Mh dgdedhtdvh phrh immh `hjîh phrtdfc (ec ncmc `h prcjh fc Kumdc K. Imîhs ig sus dnpcrthgtîsdnhs gc ths h mh@dstcrdh fi mh Nhrdgh fi Bui rrh fim\i rû fi Nh guim _ibhs Bhreîh) fi Ehrmcs Bhreîh fim \cstdbc, ig 8055, y mmibõ h sir riorigfhfh pcrugh riscmuedõg fim prisdfig ti Crji bcsc.

Im prdni rc fi mcs fieri tcs fi Bh nh rrh ig 806< hquî nigedcghfcs hmufdõ hm "ecmibdc ndmdthrgc ixdstig ti". Im hrtîeumc euhrtc fim fi eri tc fi 8< fi gc vdinjri fi 806< sc jri ugdocrnis fi mhhrnh fh si ri odrdõ hm ugdocrni y mhs hrnhs fi mcs buhrfdhnh rdghs. Istcs is thjhg h jcr fc fi mhis euhfrh. H ecndig zcs fim høc fi 806< im ûgdec ju qui fi immh, irh mh jhreh Mdni øh qui is thjhfi shrnh fh. \i rc ig kumdc fi 8068 mmibõ h sir omithfh pcr im dthmdhgc \i frc Hmisshgfrd, igtcgeisri sdfig ti ig E`dmi, mh ecrji th nir ehgti Bigi rhm Jumgis, trhgsocrnh fh ig jhr ec fi bui rrh ecg imgcn jri fi Tugbhy y ecn prhfh ig si tdin jri fi hquim høc.

IM HYVCZDVHZDUNC KC _IG ECGVZH MCU @CNJZIU FI @YHGEH TC. MH "ZIBIGI-ZHEDÕG".- Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 oui prcnumbhfh, si `h jîh prcfu edfc mh fdspir sdõg c im sdmig-edc fim prdnir mdji rhmdsnc. Uège`iz Ehrrdõg `hjîh nuir tc ig 80:9. Mu gh \dzhrrc fis puäs fi 8056,gc vcmvdõ h mcs ecndedcs pcpumhris gd h mh trdju gh phrmhnig thrdh. Ui ritdrõ ecnc ug ir ndthøc, h ugheimfh fim ecgvig tc fi Uhg Orhgedsec y shmdõ fi hmmî phrh sir fièg fim ecrc fi mh Ehti frhm fi Mdnh.Mcs ûgdecs qui pir nh gi edircg ig mh jribh pcr sus dfihs ouircg Orhgedsec Khvdir Nhrdèti bud y nèshmi khfc erc gcmõbdehnig ti fi mhs prdni rhs mue`hs, Orhgedsec fi \hu mh Bcgzèmiz _dbdm, pirc Nhrdèti-bud si fi fdeõ, scjri tc fc h sus thrihs fi vc ehm fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh1 dnpusc su erdti rdc hvhgzhfc

ig mhs mhjc ris pri phrhtcrdhs fim Eõfdbc Edvdm, ecg mc euhm fdc mubhr h ugh ixei sdvh riheedõg im eõfdbcprcnumbhfc, y si in pi øõ muibc ig ugh pir sdstig ti hugqui dgheei sdjmi prcphbhgfh ecg trh mcsprdvdmibdcs fim emirc ig mh vdfh edvdm. T Bcgzèmis _dbdm, ecg su ohnc sh Fi oigsh fi mh hutcrdfhf fi mcsbcjdirgcs, mmivõ h ehjc ugh ehn phøh hgèmcbh, sd jdig hmehgzõ gctcrdifhf nès rudfc sh pcr sir ämndsnc ug sh eirfc ti y pcr mh ixecnu gdõg phphm. Gc ouircg pcr ctrh phrti mcs mibdsmhfc ris fi @uhg-ehyc im ûgdec brupc dfic mõbdec y hutcrdthrdc fi ig tcgeis, gd qudzès im brupc ni kcr. Dgfi pig fdig-ti nig ti fi immcs, hugqui pcs ti rdcris ig mh äpceh fi su hphrdedõg pûjmdeh, `hy qui nig edcghr fcssie tcris hutcrdthrdcs; im ugc, pcmîtdec ehufdmmisec, igehji zhfc pcr im bigi rhm Nhguim Dbghedc fi_dvhgec, y im ctrc, fceig ti y iemisdèstdec, ripri sig thfc pcr Jhr tcmcnä @irrirh.

MH ECgUVDVuEDÕgFI @uHgEHTC

DgEMuTÕ IgVZIMCU \IZuHgCU

\CZgHVuZHMDzHEDÕgH 'MCU IU\HøCMIU

FIUFI quINHgDoDIUVIg Uu

_CMugVHF FI

FCNDEDMDHZUI IgIM \HîU T UI

DgUEZDJHg Ig IMZIBDUVZC

Eî_DEC'.



:<6







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


ecrcgim Nhguim fi Nigfdju ru, qui si ri tdrõ hm prcfu edrsi im ncvdndig tc ig ish edufhf ec ncecgsi euig edh fim isthmmdfc dgdedhm ig Hriqudph, pirc qui brhedhs h mcs suei scs fim :< fi igi rcvcmvdõ h ceuphr mh prioieturh, fi mh qui yh gc oui fishmc khfc.

_DEVCZDH FI _D _HGEC IG [email protected] Im Bcjdirgc fi Mdnh ig vdõ suei sdvhnig ti trisixpi fdedcgis hm sur; mh prdni rh hm nhgfc fi Ehs tdmmh, ndgdstrc fi @hedigfh, nhr e`õ hm Euzec pcrtdirrh; mh sibugfh, fdrdbdfh pcr Mh Ouigti, fi sin jhreõ ig Dsmhy y h immh si ugdircg mcs @ûshris fiKugîg 1 mh tirei rh, ecg im prisdfig ti Bhnh rrh, si `dzc h mh vimh ecg imNhrîh Virish y imMdni øh ecgrun jc h Hrdeh.

Ehstdmmh mmibõ hm Euzec im 85 fi oijri rc, trhs ugh nhre`h pi mdbrcsh, qui ig Mdnh fdc mubhr hsdgdistrcs runc ris, riecbdfc pcr Nh guim Hseig sdc Uiburh ig ug hrtîeumc "Im Ehoä fi mh Jcmh fiCrc", gc dgsir tc ig sus Cjrhs ecn pmiths. Ui riugdõ Ehstdmmh ecg Uhg Zcnèg ig Udeuhgd, fi fcg fihvhgzõ sdg ecnjh ti, pri ei fdfc pcr mhs ùistis fi _d vhgec qui ri bri shjhg h jus ehr mh prctie-edõg fi Hriqudph. Fituvc su hvhgei ig mh istrhtäbdeh pcsdedõg fi Ehe`hnhr eh, qui fc ndghjh hmh pcjmhedõg y qui istè fi oigfdfh h sus fcs ecsthfcs pcr fcs qui jrh fhs dgorhgquihjmis. Fisfihmmî hgugedõ qui scmc inprig fi rîh mh coigsdvh euhgfc si mi ugdisig mhs trcphs fi Bhnh rrh y MhOuigti. _dvhgec scsti gdfc ig Hri qudph pcr im igtusdhsnc fim vi edgfhrdc, gc pcfîh ri sdbghrsi his pi rhr isth ecgeig trhedõg fi ouirzhs. Igtri ugh mmuvdh dgei shgti y ugh fig sh gdijmh, im :9 finhr zc in prig fdõ mh coigsdvh. Mh pirdedh fi sus buîhs, ug htrivdfc nc vdndig tc ig mh zcgh fiEecmmhnhr eh, mh gdijmh, im fiseudfc fim igi ndbc, fdircg i trdugoc h mcs hthehgtis. Hugqui mcgi bhrh ig su ecrrispcgfig edh ecg Bhnh rrh, Ehstdmmh inprig fdõ fi scrfi ghfhnig ti mh ritdrhfhpcr ugh mhfi rh fim givhfc \deù pdeù y si shmvõ1 pirc mmibõ h Uhmdghs fis puäs fi fi khr phrqui yvistuhrdc ig pcfir fi mcs vig ei fc ris sdg tigir nès rc ph qui mh qui mmivhjh ig im euirpc. _dvhg-ec eriyõ qui ish ehn phøh isthjh ecg emudfh, ixemhnõ ig ugh prc emhnh; "Ehstdmmh ùyõ fis phvc-rdfc" y ribri sõ h Hriqudph h fis odmhr igtri mhs hemhnh edcgis fi mh nueì fun jri y h pri phrhr mhnhr e`h h Ncqui buh, ecg nc tdvc fim hvhgei Bhnh rrh fis fi Hrdeh. Ig ugh mceuedõg qui prcgug-edõ igtcgeis fd kc fim ikäredtc hf virshrdc qui irh "nhgfhfc pcr mh istupdfiz y ec jhr fîh nèsvirbcgzcsh" y h Ehstdmmh mc mmhnõ "thg ecjhr fi ec nc oi rcz". Hbribõ ig tri ctrhs ecshs; "Vdinjmigim fiehgc fi mcs erdndghmis y isi Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc nès vdm qui im Uighfc fi Vdji rdc, ecg kugtcpis tdmigti fi euhg ths nhti rdhs ecrrupths `hg ixpi mdfc mhs cmhs fi mh rivcmuedõg". Fi kõ scmc fcsfdvdsdcgis, hm nhgfc fim ecrcgim Kuhg Hgtcgdc Ybhrti eì, ph rh pirsi budr h mcs oubdtdvcs.

_DEVCZDH FI EHU VDMMH IG EYI _DMMHU. ODG FI "MH ZIBIGIZHEDÕG". IKIEYEDÕGFI _HMIGVÎG JC[H.- Ybhrti eì y su mubhrti gdigti im ecrcgim _hmigtîg Jczh, ecg ctrcs fcsecrcgi mis rdvhmis igtri sî, pritig fdircg htrhvishr mh ecrfdmmirh, ceuphr Euzec y \ugc, qudthr h Ehs-tdmmh mh ouigti fi su hprc vdsdcghndig tc y hnhbhrmc, hfinès, pcr mh rithbuhrfdh. Ehstdmmh si fdrdbdõh Euivdmmhs y, ecg ug ncvdndig tc fi ri trcei sc, htheõ scrpri sdvhnig ti h mhs ehgshfhs trcphs fiYbhrti eì y fi Jc zh (5< fi nhrzc). Gc scmc mhs hrrc kõ fi sus pcsdedcgis, sdgc qui mhs `dzc ùdr

ig fis jhg fhfh. Zèpdfhnig ti si ec mceõ ig si budfh ig mhs houirhs fi Hriqudph. _dvhgec `hmmèjh-si ig Nc qui buh, y hgti mh gctdedh fi mc ceurrdfc, riu gdõ ugh kugth fi ki ois qui, ig vdsth fi mhsedreugsthgedhs hecrfõ ùdr (? fi hjrdm). Bhnh rrh igtrõ ig Hriqudph vigei fcr sdg ecn jh ti.

Jc zh vdvdõ ceumtc fu rhgti ug tdin pc ig ugh e`h erh, pirc, fi gugedhfc h ehn jdc fi fd gi rcpcr ug shrbig tc qui mc hecnphøhjh mmibõ h sir ehpturhfc y scni tdfc h kudedc fi bui rrh hgtiug Ecgsi kc qui prisdfdõ Uhg Zcnèg. Mh ecgfi gh oui mh ûmtdnh pi gh. Mh ikieuedõg si rihmdzõ im:: fi hjrdm1 mh bistdõg fi Bhnh rrh fis fi Vhegh phrh fi ti gir mh mmibõ thrfi. _dvhgec, thn jdäg sig-tig edhfc h nuir ti, ecnc sus ec mhjc rhfc ris ndmdthris Ybhrti eì y ctrcs ec nc su si eri thrdcNhguim Vcrdjdc Yrith, `hmmèjh si ig tcgeis ig Jc mdvdh. Ud _dvhgec ù jdi si dfc hm ehfhmsc, igtcgeis

EHGFDFHVC _CVCU

Hbustîg Bhnhrrh :.96:Kuhg ErdsõstcncVcrrdec :95Hgtcgdc Butd rrizi Mh Ouigti 84:

Ig igirc fi 806< siioietuhrcg mhs imieedcgis

prisdfigedhmis. Im prisdfigti prcvdscrdc,

Hbustîg Bhnhrrh, si prisigtõ ecnc ehgfdfhtc

y bhgõ pcr hnpmdhnhycrîh. Im iserutdgdc

odghm fi mcs ecmibdcsimietcrhmis fi 90 prcvdgedhs oui im

sdbudigti;

MH IMIEEDÕGFI BHNHZZH



:<EH\ÎVYMC :? \IZÎCFC 8

\cmîtdec piruhgc quiecnjhtdõ hm ik redtisphøcm fisfi nuy kcvig. \hrtdedpõ ig jhthmmhs fi Kugîg y Hyheue`c, ig mhsehnphøhs fim Ehmmfi Jcmdvdh, y ig mh buirrh ecg mh BrhgEcmcnjdh. EcmhjcrõBhnhrrh ig im bcmpecgtrh Mh Nhr y ecgmh Ecgoifirhedõg \ijcmdvdhgh.Ig 80?: oui imibdfc prisdfigti fim \irû.

NDBYIM FIUHG ZCNÈG(80<:-80?5)

`cy mcs `dstcrdhfc ris mhnig thrîhg mh nuirti pri nh turh fi qudig (sibûg ig tcgeis si eriîh) is th-jh fis tdghfc h ehn jdhr im fistdgc fim \i rû.

Fcs prcougfhs igi ndsthfis nh fu rhrcg ig is th ehnphøh; mh fi _dvhgec y Ehstdmmh y mh fi UhgZcnèg y Hriqudph.

Th _dvhgec y Ehstdmmh `hjîhg is thfc fdsthgedhfcs ig im fis tdirrc ig E`dmi y ig mh prdni rh ehn-

phøh risthurhfc rh, y h`crh mcs ecgtrhfdetcrdcs risumthfcs fi Eh e`hnhr eh y fi Eui vdmmhs trhgsocr-nh rcg im orîc hmi khndig tc ig heir jh rdvhmdfhf. Ig euhg tc h Uhg Zcnèg, ig 8056 h jîh ecn jh tdfcecgtrh Hriqudph y isti hmtdvc pui jmc buhrfè jh mi rigecr fis fi ig tcgeis. Hm shjir mh dgodfig edhfi Uhg Zcnèg, heri eig tõ Hriqudph su igtusdhsnc pcr mh Zibi gi rhedõg.

MCU FIEZIVCU FIM ZIBIGIZHFCZ.- Ig im ecrtc tdin pc fi su mdndthfc bc jdirgc, _dvhgecgc oui phrec ig fi eri tcs. \rc `djdõ mh dgtrcfue edõg fim bhghfc vheugc prcei fig ti fim Zîc fi mh\mhth1 fircbõ im Zibmhnig tc fi Ec nir edc y pusc ig vdbig edh im fi 805?1 nhgfõ prc ti bir mhsvdøhs y prc djdr, c pcr mc nigcs hth khr, im prcbri sc fi mh dgfus trdh hzuehri rh ig mh ribdõg1 crfi gõqui mcs rics ecgfi ghfcs h pri sdfdc ouirhg fis tdghfcs h mcs trh jh kcs fi mhs ndghs fi \c nh sd;hgumõ mhs õrfi gis sc jri gh turhmdzhedõg fi ixtrhg kircs fi 58 fi ku mdc y 9 fi hbcstc fi 806<. Hfi-nès is thjmiedõ pcr mcs sirvdedcs ig buirrh, mh eruz c nifhmmh fi `cgcr, fdstdgbudigfc ig tri mhehti bcrîh fi "brhg fi oigscr fim \irû", "dmustri y fi oigscr fim \irû" y "fdbgc fi oigscr fim \irû". Tfi heuir fc ecg mc qui fd kc ig ugh fi sus prcemhnhs "Cs ixd kc qui isth ecgodhgzh sih mdndthfh",crfi gõ qui si vi rdodehrh im kurhnig tc fi cji fi eir odimnig ti hm kioi supri nc eu yh ripi tdedõgthgtc fis pris tdbdc `hjrîh fi ehu shrmi høcs fispuäs. Ui isni rõ ig pc gir gui vhs hutcrdfhfis hmorigti fim bcjdirgc mcehm, ecnc si vi, pcr su prc emhnh h mcs pugi øcs, y im fhr hm prdgedpdc ugehrèetir pheîodec h su igeun jrh ndig tc; "Gdgbugc fi vc sctrcs `h fi rrhnh fc ugh bc th fi shg-bri gd ugh mèbrdnh fis fi qui yc ikir zc mh supri nh hutcrdfhf", fi eîh dmush i dnpri vdscrhnig ti hmcs hriqudpi øcs im : fi igi rc. Th ecg Ehstdmmh hm origti, prcni tdõ kuzbhr ecg mh jèrjh rh miy fdeth-fh ecg trh äm y mcs suycs hm "fiehgc fi mcs erdndghmis", c sih Bhnh rrh, y h su Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc, hmqui, ecnc si `h vdstc, mmhnõ "nès vdm qui im Uighfc fi Vdji rdc", hmusdõg, isth ûmtdnh, ehrbhfh fiug trinig fc ecg ti gdfc `dstõrdec, qui hm emhedsth _dvhgec `h jîh ehmdjrh fc eudfhfc shnig ti. Vhn-jdäg ixpri sõ qui im Ecgsi kc irh ug "ecg kugtc pis tdmigti fi euhg ths nhti rdhs ecrrupths `hgixpi mdfc mhs cmhs fi mh rivcmuedõg".

Ni gcr sdbgdodehfc qui mh ribi gi rhedõg tuvdircg mhs ixpi fdedcgis urfdfhs pcr Uhgth Eruz hmti gir gc tdedhs fi mcs trhstcrgcs ceurrdfcs ig im \i rû. Ygh istuvc hm nhgfc fim ecrcgim NhguimHgbumc y ctrh fdrdbdfh pcr im ecrcgim Kustc @irei mmis. Hgbumc mmibõ h hpcfi rhrsi fi \du rh, pircugh piqui øh fdvdsdõg nhgfhfh fis fi Mdnh h \hdth pufc fi rrcthrmc y tcnhr mc prdsdcgi rc. Kugtcecg hmbugcs fi sus ecn phøi rcs fi hr nhs oui ousdmhfc. Fi hn jhs ix pi fdedcgis si `h jmh nèshfi mhgti h prcpõsdtc fi mhs brhvis tig sdcgis dgtir ghedcghmis qui tuvc im \irû ig 8068 y 806:.



EH\ÎVYMC :2 ◃ D Zibri sc fim ikäredtce`dmigc ◃ Gibcedhedcgis ndmdthris yiec gõndehs ecg E`dmi◃ DD Ohmmiedndig tcfi Jir ghrfc C—@dbbdgs. Yg sînjc mc fimh hndsthf pi ruhgc-e`dmigh ◃ Uupuis-tcs pmhgis fi Bh nh rrh phrh prcmcgbhrmcs mîndtis fim \i rû ig im gcrti ◃ DDD Zimh-edcgis ecg Brhg Jri thøh ◃ Nig tdrh yvirfhf sc jri im fi shoîc igtri Ehstdmmh yim eõgsum orhgeäs Uhdmmhrf y mc qui isti`i e`c dn pmdeh ◃ D_ Mhs hspdrhedcgis fi

Omcris phrh fis trudr im \irû. Zimhedcgisecg Jrhsdm◃ _ Zimhedcgis ecg mh UhgthUifi h phr tdr fi 8058 ◃ _D Jcmdvdh fis-puäs fi mh ehîfh fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg◃

Vrhthfcs pi ruhgc-jc mdvdhgcs ig 8054 y806<. Mhs emèusumhs iecgõndehs. Mh vîh

fi Vhegh ◃ Fi vcmuedõg fi is thgfhrtispi ruhgcs pcr Jc mdvdh◃ _DD Uujmivhedõgshgtheruedgh ig Jc mdvdh◃ Jhmmdvdèg ecgBhnh rrh y ecgtrh Jcmdvdh◃ Jhmmdvdèg hmorigti fi mh Ygdõg Ghedcghm Jcmdvdhgh ◃

Mh ithph pheîodeh fi mh dgvhsdõg◃ Mh ith-ph fi gi bcedhedcgis ecg Jh mmdvdèg ◃

Ceuphedõg fi Mh \hz. Mhs prdni rhs `cs-tdmdfh fis ◃ Im prcyietc fi hr ndstdedcig tri \hz Ucmfèg y Xudgti mh. Niehpheh◃ Mcs piruhgcs ig _dse`h ◃ _DDD Mh Jhthmmh

fi Dgbhvd◃

Uhg Zcnèg ig im Fi shbuh-fi rc ◃ Ni fdthedõg fi Dgbhvd◃ Iodbdi fiBhnh rrh ◃ DP Im ehfè vir y mh ehsheh fiBhnh rrh◃ P ³Oui mh nuirti fi Bh nh rrhug ”erdnig pir oietc„3◃ PD Im ”mmhnh fc hmcrfig„ fi @i rrirh.


Q VCNC : ^



:<0 \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :2

Q D ÎBZI UC FIM IKäZEDVC [email protected] Im prcjminh dgtir ghedcghm dgni fdhtc qui tu vc qui horcg-thr Bhnh rrh fispuäs fi sir fis trudfh mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh, oui im ritdrc fim ikäredtce`dmigc. Ig mcs prdni rcs tdinpcs fi su si bugfc bc jdirgc, im prisdfigti piruhgc gc si sdgtdõsi burc scjri im ti rrigc qui pdshjh, puis h mhs dgtrdbhs fi Uhgth Eruz fisfi Buh yhqudm ugdègsi mhszczcjrhs qui sus phrtdfhrdcs ig im \irû y Jcmdvdh dgspdrhjhg, dgerinig thfhs hgti ugh gc tdedh brh-vîsdnh qui, ig brhg si eritc, ecrrdõ ig mcs eîreumcs codedhmis fi Mdnh y fi Uhgtdhbc; im ndgdstrc dgbmäsmcrf \hmnirs tcg `h jîh fh fc, hm odg, õrfi gis tir ndghgtis h su iseuhfrh ig im \heîodec phrh quitir ndghsi pcr mh ouirzh mh buirrh hjdirth igtri E`dmi y mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh. @hjîhgmmibhfc is ths õrfi gis ―oimdznig ti phrh mcs risthurhfc ris― pcec fis puäs fi mh jhthmmh fi Tugbhy,pi rc gc pcr isc fi khjh fi nd rhrsi ecg hmhrnh euhmqudir hecgti edndig tc qui pu fdirh fhr mubhr hmh risurrieedõg fim `cnjri qui thg jui gcs hndbcs ixtrhg kircs `hjîh shjdfc brhg kihrsi.

Bhnh rrh dgdedõ ugh bistdõg phrh qui im ikäredtc e`dmigc pir nh gi edisi ig im \i rû furhgtihmbûg tdin pc nès, ecg mh ndrh fi ecg scmdfhr su pcfir. \i rc, sdnumtègihnig ti, si ikir edthjh ughpri sdõg dgbmish scjri im Bcjdirgc fi Uhgtdhbc phrh im prcgtc ri bri sc fi mhs trcphs. Hfinès, istiti gîh ug sdgei rc fi shpi bc h euhmqudir dg kirigedh ig mh pcmîtdeh piruhgh. Mc qui mi priceuphjh igisi nc nig tc irh mh phz, ecg im phbc fi mc qui h sus scmfhfcs fi jîh im \irû. Fispuäs fi nu e`csis ouirzcs, pcr mhs pigurdhs fim Viscrc, im Bcjdirgc fi Mdnh mmibõ h hjcghr mcs suimfcs, rhedcgis yvistdfcs fim ikäredtc e`dmigc. Mh prdni rh fdvdsdõg, hm nhgfc fim bi gi rhm Kcsä Nhrîh fi mh Eruz, siin jhreõ im :8 fi kugdc fi 8054, y mh sibugfh, hm nhgfc fim bi gi rhm Nhguim Jumgis, im 84 fi cetu-jri fi 8054, sd jdig qui fõ hûg pig fdigti mh mdqudfhedõg fiodgdtdvh fi mhs euigths.

GIBCEDHEDCGIU NDMDVHZIU T IECGÕNDEHU ECG [email protected] Bhnh rrh prcpusc thn jdäg ugtrhthfc fi hmdhgzh fi oigsdvh igtri im \irû y E`dmi phrh im ehsc fi euhmqudir dgtig tc fi ri bri sc fiUhgth Eruz. Xudsc, hfi nès, qui im Bcjdirgc fi isi phîs mi hutcrdzhsi phrh ecn prhr ig _hmphrhîscmcs ousdmis, tirei rcmhs y shjmis qui ù jdi sig mmibhfc c mmibhrhg hm puirtc nig edcghfc. Mh Ehgedmmi-rîh fi Uhgtdhbc heip tõ ig prdgedpdc mh hmdhgzh, pirc ecg mh ecgfdedõg fi qui immh si ixtig fdirh hmhs rimhedcgis ec nir edhmis figtrc fi ug prdgedpdc fi dbuhmfhf y ri edprcedfhf ecg mh emèusumh fi mhghedõg nès ohvcriedfh. Ig euhgtc hm pifdfc fi hf qudsdedõg fi hrnhs gc mc ndrõ ecg hbrhfc. Ucs-pi e`hjh qui Bh nh rrh quirîh hrnhr h su ikäredtc phrh hjhmhgzhrsi sc jri Jc mdvdh y isthjh mi kcs fi

pris thr su sdn phtîh h thm hvigturh. \rdni rc, pcrqui ti nîh qui mcs ris ecmfcs fi mhs phshfhs mue`hssi hbdthrhg thgtc scjri im suimc piruhgc ecnc sc jri im suimc jcmdvdhgc phrh dnpcgir mi h E`dmi thmviz im sherdodedc fi ugh Virei rh Ixpi fdedõg Zisthurhfc rh. Ucjri tc fc, pcr qui gc pc fîh ndrhr ecg kûjdmc h ug \irû fi nh sdhfc pc fi rcsc, hbrhgfhfc ecg mh hgixdõg fi Jcmdvdh qui ùjdi rh sdfc, igctrh ocrnh, im ribri sc h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh sdg Uhgth Eruz. Oui hsî ecnc, hg ti mhsfi shvigig edhs igtri im \irû y Jcmdvdh, ish Ehgedmmirîh coriedõ sus juigcs codedcs, ehsd ig ocrnhdnpi rhtdvh (hbcstc y gcvdinjri fi 8054 y hbcs tc y sitdin jri fi 806<).

\cr ish äpc eh mmibõ h Mdnh im ndgdstrc e`dmigc _detcrdgc Bhrrdfc h ec jrhr mhs sunhs hûg hfiu-fhs pcr im \irû h isi phîs. Im mmhnh fc Ecg vigdc Ndmdthr fi Uundgdstrcs fi ce tujri fi 8050 `h jîh

Z



:<EH\ÎVYMC 80 \IZÎCFC 8

Ceupõ mh prisdfigedtrhs mh fdscmuedõgEcgoifirhedõg. H isi pirîcfc (8054-8068) mmhnõ mhZisthurhedõFurhgti su bistdõg,ecgvceõ h ug EcgbriEcgstdtuyigti ig mhedufhf fi @uhgehyc hprcjõ ugh guivhecgstdtuedõg. Ig 806fiemhrõ mh buirrh hJcmdvdh. Nurdõ igehnphøh, im 80 figcvdinjri, furhgti mhjhthmmh fi Dgbhvd.

HBYUVÎG B(8209-8068)

cjmdbhfc hm phbc fi mcs suimfcs, brhtdodehedcgis, rhge`cs y vis tuhrdc fi mcs scmfhfcs e`dmigcsfis fi im fîh fi su fi sin jhrec ig tdirrh piruhgh1 hsî ecnc im phbc fi mcs omitis fi dfh y vuimthfi mcs trhgspcrtis. Bhrrdfc fi nhg fõ thn jdäg im riinjcmsc fi mcs bhstcs ì e`cs ig mcs hpristcsy im trhgspcrti fi mh hgti rdcr ixpi fdedõg risthurhfc rh. Fifu edfcs mcs phbcs yh ì e`cs, ri sumtõugh fiu fh fi 2:9 ndm piscs fim \irû h ohvcr fi E`dmi, qui ecgtdguõ pig fdigti.

Ehrc `hjîh ecsthfc mh Zisthurhedõg. Hfinès fi mcs sundgdstrcs phrh mhs ehnphøhs ndmdthris,ù jc gi ei sdfhf fi `h eir prästhncs ph rh iqudphr hm ikäredtc huxdmdhr, ehrighr sus juquis, phbhrsus hkustis y ecstihr mcs bhstcs fi riin jhr qui. Udg injhrbc, im ikäredtc e`dmigc si ri tdrõ fim \irûsdg htigthr ecgtrh su ugdfhf y su dgti brdfhf.

Mh fdpmcnh edh e`dmigh igecgtrõ ug nc tdvc fi qui kh ig hmbugcs fi thmmis fim trhthfc qui, igbrhg phrti pcr su dgomu kc, eimijrõ im \i rû ecg Jcmdvdh im 84 fi hjrdm fi 8068.

Hmmî si istdpumõ qui Jcmdvdh igtri bhrîh hm \irû mh phrti qui fi jîh phbhr fi mcs bhstcs fi mhZisthurhedõg, euhgfc E`dmi pritig fîh qui ish su nh mi ouirh fhfh fdrie thnig ti. \cr mc finès,Bhnh rrh gc dgsdstdõ ig im trhthfc fi hmdhgzh y finc rõ tcfc hrri bmc iecgõndec `hsth mh fhedõgfim Zibmhnig tc fi Ec nir edc fi 806<, qui sd jdig fdsndguyõ mcs dnpuis tcs scjri im trdbc y mh`hrdgh e`dmigcs, gc shtdsodzc mhs nèxdnhs hspdrhedcgis fim phîs fim sur.

Ig ri sunig, E`d mi si priceupõ, fis puäs fi mh ehîfh fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, scjri tc fc, fi quisi mi phbhrhg mcs bhstcs fi mhs ehnphøhs risthurhfc rhs1 pirc gc pri tig fdõ im vhshmmh ki iecgõnd-ec fim \i rû, hsî ecnc hg tis gc `h jîh heei fdfc (nuir tc yh \crthmis) h mhs prcpuis ths fi UhgthEruz phrh fis nin jrhrmc.

Q DD ÔHMMIEDNDIGVC FI JIZ GHZFC C—@DBBDGU. YG UÎNJCMC FI MH HNDUVHF \[email protected] Fis puäs fi h jir sdfc su pri nc fd rietcr fi E`dmi, mmibõ ixdmhfc hm \irû, ig kumdcfi 80:5, Jir ghrfc C—@dbbdgs. Mc hecnphøhjhg su nh fri y su ìr nh gh. Ui mi `hjîh ecgei fdfc,fu rhgti mcs prdni rcs tdinpcs fim Bcjdirgc ghedcghm, mhs `hedigfhs fi Ncg thmjèg y Eudvh ig imvhmmi fi Ehøi ti, ecgodsehfhs h su fui øc, im isphøcm Nhguim fi Hrrifcg fc. Gc phrtdedpõ ig mhith ph odghm fi mh bui rrh fi mh dgfi pig fig edh piruhgh, h pishr fi mh vc mugthf qui tu vc phrh immc,puis mmibõ h rihmdzhr ug vdh ki fi Vru kdmmc h Tugbhy y muibc h Kugîg y @uhgehyc. Ig isti ûmtdnc mubhrsi ugdõ h Jcmîvhr sdg riedjdr puistc fi ris pcgshjdmdfhf ig im ikäredtc. Fis fi 80:9 si dgs thmõ igNcgthmvèg, sifu edfc, fu rhgti hmbûg tdin pc, pcr mh dmusdõg fi vcmvir h mh phtrdh y ecgemudr ecg imbcjdirgc fi su rdvhm Zhnõg Oridri. Ig Nireurdc \iruhgc mmibõ h pujmdehr, sdg injhrbc, ig si tdin-jri fi 80:2, ugh prc tis th fi sus sdgei rcs prcpõsdtcs fi nhg ti gir si ix trhøc h mh vdfh pûjmdeh."\cr mh dgfi pig fig edh fi Hnärdeh (iserdjdõ ig tcgeis) sherdodquä ig E`dmi, nd phtrdh, nds ni kcrishøcs, nd shmuf y nds jdigis, pi rc fi jc h mh bigi rcsdfhf fim \i rû ugh vdfh trhgqudmh y gc nig-fdbhr nd sujsdstig edh y mh fi nd ohndmdh. Gc tigbc ctrh hn jdedõg qui mh qui igeuig trh su hmd-nig tc ig nd hmnh ri ecrfhg fc sir vdedcs qui gc ouircg dgoruetucscs". Gc fi khrcg, pcr ctrhphrti, fi mmibhrmi tig thedcgis, is pi rhgzhs y pmhgis jh shfcs ig im ribri sc h mh phtrdh y h mh pcmî-tdeh1 pirc, h mh mhrbh, gugeh mmibhrcg h nhti rdhmdzhrsi. Im rudfc sc kudedc fi dnprig th ig hbcstc

fi 8055 fi C—@dbbdgs ecgtrh su igi ndbc Ehrmcs Zcfrîbuiz, pcr ugcs hrtîeumcs igNireurdc\i ruhgc, mmivõ h Mdnh mhs shmpdehfu rhs fi mcs igecgcs qui su gcn jri y su ri euir fc hûg sused-thjhg ig tri mcs e`dmigcs. Zcfrîbuiz oui ecgfi ghfc h fcs ni sis fi eèr eim y h hjcghr ughnumth fi 89< pi scs, pirc ù yõ y C—@dbbdgs pdfdõ qui im odhfcr Kcsä Ecppcmh, fuiøc fi mh"Ocgfh Orhgei sh", quifh rh rimivhfc fim phbc.

Fcøh Dbghedh Gcvch, ispcsh fi Nhguim fi Hrrifcg fc, dgdedõ ugh heedõg ridvdgfdehtcrdh scjrimh `hedigfh fi Ncg thmvèg hgti im Ecgbri sc pi ruhgc, pi rc isti ecg odrnõ, ig 805:, im fi rie`c fiC—@dbbdgs h immh. Mh mmibhfh fi ugh nh qudghrdh h Ncgthmvèg ig nh yc fi 8050 ecgstdtuyõ ug brhghecgti edndig tc mcehm. "Mh nhre`h nh kistucsh fi mh ruifh, pcr ugh phrti, y mcs edmdgfrcs fi vcrhg-



:8<







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


fc fdiz ehøhs fi hzûehr h mh viz (iserdjdõ ig tcgeis C—@dbbdgs ig ugh ehrth phrtdeumhr), ehushrcgmh nhycr hfndrhedõg ig mcs ispie thfc ris vi gdfcs fi mhs edufhfis y `h edigfhs fi is ti vhmmi".Hfi nès fim prcbri sc nh ti rdhm fi su prcpdifhf, C—@dbbdgs si priceupõ thn jdäg fi fhr ug nî gd-nc fi ec nc fdfhf y fi ecrc h mh vdfh fi sus is emhvcs.

Hm prcfu edrsi im ecgomdetc ig tri E`dmi y mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh, dgtir pusc im prõeir

ri suimthnig ti su gcn jri y sus is ouirzcs phrh jusehr ug hrribmc pheîodec. Ecrfdhm ecg mcs kioise`dmigcs qui ig tcgeis mmibhrcg hm \irû, gc ceumtõ su sdnphtîh pcr mh Ecgoifi rhedõg y im \rctie-tcr, hugqui oimdedtõ h Jumgis pcr su vdetcrdh.

Ig hjrdm fi 8054 ohmmiedõ Dshjim Zdquimni, nh fri fi C—@dbbdgs. Äm, h su viz, ecnig zõ h sigtdrmcs ioietcs fi ugh ig oirni fhf ehrfîheh. Ui priphrhjh ig tcgeis h ribri shr h su phtrdh. Ohmmiedõig Mdnh, im :5 fi ce tujri fi 806:. @h jîh vdvdfc ig im \i rû ehsd vidgti høcs. Im :? fi cetujri siei mijrh rcg ig im ecgvig tc fi Uhg Hbustîg mhs ixiqudhs ig su `cgcr. Hsdstdircg h immhs im euirpcfdpmcnè tdec, mhs ecrpcrhedcgis fi mh ehpdthm, mcs prdgedphmis kiois ndmdthris y ugh guni rcsh ecg-eurrigedh. Im tûnu mc istuvc hfcrghfc pcr mhs jhgfi rhs piruhgh, e`dmigh y hrbig tdgh. Mh buhrgd-edõg fi mh ehpdthm ocrnõ ph rh `heir mcs ûmtdncs `c gcris hm prõeir.

"Nès qui ug tcnc si gi ei sdthrîh (ixpri sõ Im Ecnir edc fim 85 fi fdedin jri fi 806:) ph rhfi thmmhr mcs sirvdedcs qui im bigi rhm C—@dbbdgs `h pristhfc hm \irû fis fi is th äpceh (mh fi summibhfh) `hsth su ohmmiedndig tc, mcs qui euhgfc sihg ec gcedfcs fi ncs trhrèg qui im dmustri fdoug-tc ni riedõ gc scmc mcs fdethfcs qui mi ecgodrdircg mcs Ecgbri scs pi ruhgcs fi 80:: y 80:5, sdgcthn jdäg im fi hndbc ecgsthgti i dmustrhfc fi mh prcspi rdfhf pi ruhgh ig tc fcs mcs rhncs quiecgstdtuyig im pûjmdec jdi gis thr. Ecnc ugh prui jh ig hpc yc h isth hsivirhedõg gcs rioirdncsecg shtdsoheedõg h ugh ehrth fdrdbdfh pcr im bigi rhm C—@dbbdgs hm bigi rhm \rditc ig 805: y trhgs-ndtdfh pcr im ndsnc bi gi rhm C—@dbbdgs ig im høc ph shfc h mh Ucedifhf fi Hbrdeumturh fi Uhgtdh-bc, ig euycs mdjrcs fi ji `h jir ecgs thgedh fi immh. Isth prcfue edõg, qui finuis trh phmphjmi-nig ti, y ecg thgth shbhedfhf, euè mis scg mcs virfhfi rcs dgti ri sis fi mhs fcs ghedcgis qui mhprcvdfig edh y mh ghturhmizh `hg fis tdghfc ph rh `heirsi nu tuhnig ti oimdeis, gc gi ei sdth fiecnig thrdcs. Immh is im orutc fi prc ougfcs is tufdcs y fi ug fi ti gdfc ixh nig fi mhs ri mhedcgisqui fi jig ixds tdr igtri E`dmi y im \irû y nhgdodisth qui su hutcr gc scmc si `hjîh ecg trhîfc hcj sirvhr mcs dgti ri sis oîsdecs fi hn jcs phî sis, sdgc qui, imivègfc si h ugh isoirh nès sujmdni,is eufrdøõ ecg mh hgtcre`h fi mh rhzõg, im crdbig nc rhm fi iscs dgti ri sis c ri mhedcgis y mh hmthshjdfu rîh fim Uupri nc @hei fcr qui hm crbhgdzhr mh ghturhmizh mdbõ h tcfhs sus phrtis pcr vîgeu-mcs thg istri e`cs qui scmc mh dbgcrhgedh y mhs phsdcgis fi mcs `cn jris `hg pc fdfc fis ecgceir-mcs y ecgvirtdr mcs jdigis qui mis prcfdbõ ig dgstrunig tcs fi su prc pdh dgoimdedfhf".

Ig ioie tc, im gcnjri fi C—@dbbdgs is ug sînjc mc fi mh hndsthf pi ruhgc-e`dmigh, ivdfig edh-fh ig mcs fîhs fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh, rhtdodehfh fu rhgti mh Zisthurhedõg, h`cgfhfh ig mcs fîhs fimecgomdetc ecg Is phøh igtri 80?6 y 80??, pirc ig turjdhfh h phrtdr fi is ti høc phrh fi sin jc ehrfis fi 8025 ig im riei mc y im dgecgc pir tdghz furhgti mh buirrh qui is thmmõ ig 8024 y nue`cshøcs nès thrfi.

UY\YIUVCU \MHGIU FI BHNHZZH \HZH \ZCMCGBHZ MCU MÎNDVIU FIM \IZÛ IGIM GCZVI.- Mcs pmhgis fi Bh nh rrh phrh in prig fir ugh ehn phøh ig mh orcgti rh gcrti, ig 806<c 8068, ixtrhøhnig ti sdndmhris h mcs fi Mh Nhr ig 80:4 `hg sdfc ri vimhfcs pcr _hmfdvdh ig sumdjrc sc jri mhs rivcmuedcgis fi Hri qudph. Fdei im pèrrhoc pirtdgig ti; "Hmmî (ig Vdhjh yh) riedjdõBhnh rrh ug ixpri sc ecg ecnu gdehedcgis fi Mdnh y \c phyèg, si ritdrõ ecg Ehstdmmh h ugh pdizhrisirvhfh y si dnpusdircg fim ecgti gdfc y tuvdircg vhrdcs heuirfcs. Im bigi rhm Ehstdmmh hm fsdbudigti hecn phøõ h Bhnh rrh h pceh fdsthgedh y si vcmvdõ h mh edufhf. _dc hm fcetcr _hmfdvdh1 yphrh fhrmi ugh pruijh fi qui `h jîh ris thjmiedfc su hgtdbuh ecgodhgzh ecg äm, riodrdõ tcfc mcsuei fdfc y mi fd kc qui mhs ecnu gdehedcgis prdgedphmis `hjîhg sdfc fim bi gi rhm Cjhgfc fh thfhs

(...) IM gCNJZIFI C—@DBBDgU IUug UîNJCMC FI

MH HNDUVHF\IZuHgC-

E@DMIgH,I_DFIgEDHFH Ig

MCU FîHU FI MHDgFI\IgFIgEDH,

ZHVDoDEHFH

FuZHgVI MHZIUVHuZHEDÕg,H@CgFHFH Ig

MCU FîHU FIMECgoMDEVC ECgIU\HøH IgVZI

80?6 T 80??, \IZCIgVuZJDHFH H

\HZVDZ FI IUVIHøC \HZH

FIUINJCEHZFIUFI 8025 Ig IM

ZIEIMC T IMIgECgC

\IZVDgHzFuZHgVI MHBuIZZH quI

IUVHMMÕIg 8024 (...)



IM IPDMDC IYZC\IC FI UHGVH EZY[. Vrhs im firrunji fi mh Ecgoifirhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh y mh Zisthurhedõg,im hrtîodei fi isth dfih, Hgfr s fi Uhgth Eruz, si ixdmdõ ig Ieuhfcr. Ig 8069 si trhsmhfõ h Orhgedh, fcgfi tdinpc fispu sriedjdõ mh Mibdõg fi @cgcr y fcgfi ohmmiedõ ig 80?9. Ig isth dnhbig vincs h Uhgth Eruz (sigthfc) kugtch ndinjrcs fi su ohndmdh ig mh edufhf fi _irshmmis, eireh fi \hrîs.

:8EH\ÎVYMC :2 \IZÎCFC 8



Im hrzcjdspc fi Mdnhtuvc ug rcm fiedsdvc ig

mh vdfh pcmîtdehripujmdehgh. Ig 80:0,

igvîc ug pifdfc hm phph Miõg PDD phrh

risthjmieir rimhedcgisigtri im \irû y mh Uhgth

Uifi. Ig 8052 ouifisdbghfc ndgdstrc

pmigdpctigedhrdc fimIsthfc Uuf-\iruhgc, hm

euhm riprisigtõ ig mhEcgoirigedh fi Vhegh.

Ig fde`h riugdõg simmivõ h ehjc mh

rifheedõg fi mh MiyOugfhnigthm fi mh

Ecgoifirhedõg\irû-jcmdvdhgh.

KCUä UIJHUVDÈGFI BCTIGIE@I(8206-802:)

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :2 :86

phrh immc im privdc ecgsig tdndig tc fim Uighfc c, ig su ri ei sc, fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc. Mh Miy fimEcgbri sc fi @uhgehyc oui fi rcbhfh ig 8069.

Im ndsnc Uhgth Eruz ctcrbõ, ecg ecgfdedcgis, im phsi h mh jumh qui dgstdtuyõ h OrhgedsecKhvdir fi Mugh \dzhrrc cjdspc fi Hmhmdh,dg phrtdjus dgodfi mdun, c sih sdg kurdsfdeedõg (fieri tc fi 8¼fi hbcs tc fi 8052). \h rh im Cjdsphfc fi Nhy ghs, oui priecgdzhfc Kcsä Nhrîh Hrrdhbh (82 fi

si tdin jri fi 8050). Mh prcvdsdõg fim Hrzcjdsphfc fi Mdnh h ohvcr fi Orhgedsec fi Uhmis Hrrdithfdc mubhr h ug fieri tc fi Bh nh rrh, nuy sdndmhr ig su ecgti gdfc hm fi Uhmhvirry scjri su hg ti-ei scr, ncg si øcr Ji ghvig ti (8: fi igi rc fi 8068), Bhnh rrh ridti rõ su hetdtuf ig im ehsc fimfcetcr Kcsä @dbdgdc fi Nhfhmigbcdtdh, cjdspc dg phrtdjus dgodfi mdun. Cjdspc imietc fi Hyheue`cy prisig thfc pcr im Bcjdirgc, oui Uhgtdhbc Kcsä fi Csi mhg1 im Uunc \cg tîodei mc dgstdtuyõ pcrju mh fi 8: fi kumdc 8068, qui pcr fieri tc fh fc pcr Ni gägfiz im :? fi oi jri rc fi 806:, ri edjdõphsi ecg hemhrhedcgis si ni khgtis h mhs yh nigedcghfhs h prcpõsdtc fi mcs ncg si øcris Ji gh-vig ti, Hrrdith, Mugh \dzhrrc, Fdäbuiz y Nhfhmigbcdtdh.

\cr nuir ti fi ncg si øcr Kcrbi Ji ghvig ti, im phph Bribcrdc P_D, privdhs prisig thedcgis fimBcjdirgc, priecgdzõ hrzcjdspc fi Mdnh hm Z.\. Orhgedsec fi Uhmis Hrrdith im 85 fi kugdc fi 806<.\c ec hgtis `h jîh pri ecgdzhfc hm fcetcr Kcsä Nhrîh Hrrdhbh ecnc cjds pc fi Nhy ghs (82 fisi tdin jri fi 8050).

H odgis fi 8054, ig im pirîcfc fim hrzcjdspc imietc fi Mdnh, orhy Orhgedsec fi Uhmis Hrrdith,mmibhrcg hm \irû fcs ju mhs fi Bribcrdc P_D, fi 0 fi hbcstc fi 8052, pcr mhs euhmis jihtdodehjh horhy Nhrtîg fi \c rris y h orhy Kuhg Nhsîhs.

Q vD ^JCMD _DH FIU\YäU FI MH EHÎFH FI MH ECGOIFI ZHEDÕG.- Gc irh suodedigti bhrhgtîh, hmcs ckcs fi Bhnh rrh, im ecmhpsc fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg. Uhgth Eruz `hjîh is ehphfc y `h mmèjh si igBuhyhqudm, fisfi fcg fi oc nig thjh dgehgshjminig ti dgtrdbhs thgtc ig Jc mdvdh ecnc ig im \i rû.Bhnh rrh pcfîh fis jh rhthrmhs ig im \irû, pirc gc pcfîh dnpcgir ig Jc mdvdh ndsnh ―fcgfi mhouirzh fim phrtdfc fi Uhg th Eruz irh nès brhgfi― tcfhs mhs nifdfhs fi eh rèetir pri vig tdvc yripri sdvc qui ecg sdfi rhjh urbig tis.

Hfi nès, ixdstîh fis fi 80:0 mh dfih fi fis `heir Jc mdvdh c, pcr mc ni gcs, fi dgecrpcrhr imfi phrthnig tc fi Mh \hz hm \irû, qui irh ecnc im ecgtrhpi sc fi mh dfih fi hn puthr c fdvdfdris ti phîs.

Th fisfi 8054 im ecrcgim Kuhg Jhutdsth Hrbui fhs oui igvdhfc, ecg im pritixtc fi ri phtrdhr hmcs scmfhfcs pi ruhgcs y, ig rihmdfhf, ph rh istdnu mhr mh odrnh fi he ths ig hmbughs edufhfis jc md-vdhghs qui fi jîhg pi fdr mh hgixdõg hm \irû. Oui `ie`h ugh fdserdndghedõg eudfhfc sh igtri scm-fhfcs pi ruhgcs y jc mdvdhgcs, ig im ikäredtc pi ruhgc. Ui nhgtuvc tcfc im hgfhndh ki ndmdthrncg thfc ecg nc tdvc fi mh phshfh bui rrh y si utdmdzõ im hrnh nig tc qui ig immh `hjîh sdfc ehp-turhfc. Ig su nig sh ki hm Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc, Bhnh rrh mmibõ h hodrnhr qui `h jîh scjrh fcsnc tdvcs phrh qui im \irû mmivhrh mh buirrh h Jcmdvdh.

Vcfc fi pig fîh fi mh sdtuhedõg pcmîtdeh fi isi phîs. Im bigi rhm _imhsec, kioi fim ikäredtc fim sur

fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, hm sujmivhrsi ecg trh immh im 4 fi oijri rc fi 8054, ig Vupdzh, `hjîh ri sumthfc,pcr heths pcpumhris, prdni rc prisdfigti prc vdsdcghm `hsth mh riugdõg fim Ecgbri sc Ecgstdtuyig-ti, y muibc, hm riugdrsi isti, prisdfigti ecgs tdtuedcghm. Vuvdircg im Ecgbri sc Ecgstdtuyigti y_i mhsec ugh scmdfhrdfhf hj scmuth ecg mcs vigei fc ris ig mh buirrh phshfh, ecnc sd `ujdi rhg mcsjc mdvdhgcs ecn jh tdfc hm mhfc fi Jumgis y fi Bh nh rrh.

_i mhsec si phrõ h mcs inpmihfcs hfdetcs h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, sieuis trõ mcs jdigis fi UhgthEruz y igvdõ ugh pcnpcsh ehrth h Jumgis fis puäs fi mh vdetcrdh fi Tugbhy, fdedigfc qui mh`hjîh ri edjdfc Jc mdvdh ecg "trhgspcrtis fi hmibrîh". Ghfh fi immc igtir gi edõ h Bhnh rrh. \hrh sus-erdjdr ug trhthfc pri mdndghr fi phz ixdbdõ mh fivcmuedõg fi mcs scmfhfcs pi ruhgcs prdsdcgi rcs ig



\i iõ k tc U Nfisfi 8080 pcr d fipi fi ed e`d i

_id ti øcs nès t rfi p rtdedpõ i UibIxpifdedõ Zist rec tr Ec oifir\irû-jc dvd . \i i

j t fi T b(8054) y pcr s s eeo i riec cedfc ec i

br fc fi „br n rdsfi È e s`„. Fi ribrisc

E`d i, s p îs ficrdbi , ikiredõ ecnc

prisdfi ti fi Zipûj de i tri8068 y 8098.

NhguIm Jumg(8244―80??)


Jc mdvdh y fi mhs jhgfi rhs ehpturhfhs, hsî ec nc im ph bc fi vh rdcs ndmmcgis fi pi scs ec nc dg fin-gdzhedõg pcr mcs bhstcs ioie tuhfcs pcr im \i rû. Ctrc prc jminh nès dg ni fdhtc tu vdircg quihorcgthr im Ecgbri sc Ecgs tdtuyig ti fi 8054 y im prisdfigti _i mhsec.

Ig tri qudi gis `h jîhg i e`c mh rivuimth ecg trh Uhgth Eruz is thjh ug kc vig bi gi rhm, Kcsä Jh mmd-vdèg. Fispuäs fi `h jir orh ehshfc ig su ehg fdfh turh h mh _dei pri sdfig edh, Jhmmdvdèg si fi fdeõ h

ecgs pdrhr y jdig prcg tc pir turjõ mh trhgqudmdfhf pû jmdeh ecg ug bcmpi suj vir sdvc._ig edfc Jh mmdvdèg, im Ecgbri sc pu fc prc si budr y eirrhr sus mhjc ris. @hjîh fh fc yh hg tis im

gcn jri fi Uu eri h mh edufhf fi Eù qudsheh, y mi `hjîh hf kufdehfc mh ehpdthmdfhf fi mh Zi pû jmdeh,ecg vig edfc fi qui irh utõ pdec qui rir ougfhr ugh gui vh edufhf ecg isi gcn jri, ec nc si pig-shrh ig 80:?. Ui ceu põ ig tcg eis fi mcs hsug tcs fi he tuhmdfhf; mh prcnumbhedõg fi mh Ecgstdtu-edõg y mhs shgedcgis ecg trh Uhgth Eruz. H mh dgvir sh fi mh Ehrth pi ruhgh fi @uhg ehyc, `d kh fi ugehufdmmc ouirti, mh jcmdvdhgh fi 8054 gc tu vc crdig thedõg pri sdfig edhmdsth. Ig ehn jdc, si vi rc ouihquim Ecgbri sc, mc ndsnc qui im fi @uhg ehyc, ecg mcs ehîfcs. H Uhgth Eruz mc fiemhrõ dgsdbgitrhdfcr, dgfdbgc fim gcn jri fi jc md vdhgc, mc jcrrõ fi mhs mdsths edvdm y ndmdthr, mc pusc oui rh fi mh miyfis fi im nc nig tc ig qui pd shrh im tirrdtc rdc ghedcghm y mi sieuis trõ sus prc pdifh fis.

VZhVhFCU \I ZuhgC-JC mD _DhgCU Ig 8054 T 806<. mhU EmhÛUumhU IECgÕNDEhU.mh _Îh FI VhEgh.- Mcs ndgdstrcs Iu si jdc Bu tdärriz y Nh guim fi Nig fdju ru odrnh rcg ughecg vig edõg pri mdndghr pcr mh euhm isti phîs fh jh sh tdsoheedcgis pcr mh dgtir vig edõg ndmdthr ioie-tuhfh ig 8059 y si ecn prc ni tîh phbhr ugh su nh fi fd gi rc pcr mcs bhstcs ehu shfcs ecg nc tdvcfi mh bui rrh ri edigti hfi nès fi mh dgfin gdzhedõg pcr mh dgfi pig fig edh y h gc tcnhr ri scmuedõghmbugh qui pir kufdehrh hm puirtc fi Hrd eh, euyh hfuh gh si rîh ecnûg (86 fi hbcs tc fi 8054). Mcshrtîeumcs scjri mhs shtdsoheedcgis hm \i rû y scjri mh dgfin gdzhedõg prcvcehrcg im rie`h zc fi_i mhsec h fde`c trh thfc (8< fi ce tujri fi 8054). Mcs pri phrhtdvcs fi bui rrh ig im \i rû h prdg ed-pdcs fi 806< oui rcg thg gc tc rdcs qui, dgocrnh fc fi immcs im Bcjdir gc jc mdvdhgc, ec nig zõ htc nhr ni fdfhs pri vig tdvhs. Udg injhr bc ug trh thfc mmibõ h odrnhr si ig tri mcs pmigdpc tig edhrdcsNhguim Oirriy rcs i @dmhrdõg Oirgèg fiz (Mdnh, 84 fi hjrdm fi 806<). Oui ris thjmiedfc im is thfc fiec shs fi 8059. Hn jcs phî sis si fi emhrhrcg ig \hz y hecr fh rcg ri fu edr sus ouirzhs ndmdthris. Jc md-vdh fi shprc jõ mcs suei scs fi mh äpc eh fi Uhg th Eruz y si ecn prc ni tdõ h fi vcmvir hm \irû mhsjhg fi rhs y mcs prdsdcgi rcs tc nh fcs. Oui ig tri bhfh hm hrjdtrh ki fi Gui vh Brhghfh mh fiedsdõg fisd Jcmdvdh phbhrîh hm \irû mh tirei rh c mh euhrth phrti fi mcs bhs tcs ceh sdcghfcs pcr mh bui rrh fiZis thurhedõg. Hrtîeumcs hfdedcghmis isthjmiedircg mc sdbudig ti; fds ndguedõg fim ikäredtc pi ruhgch 5.<<< `cn jris y fim jc mdvdhgc h :.<<<1 bhrhgtîhs nu tuhs h mcs edufh fh gcs fi mcs fcs phî sis,si øhmègfc si mhs qui ixdstdrîhg ig eh sc fi bui rrh1 im ripu fdc fi fi mdgeuig tis y fi sir tc ris1 mh prc-`djdedõg fi ecg kurhs fi hsdmhfcs pc mîtdecs1 mh dgspie edõg scjri mcs ioie tdvcs nd mdthris y mh nutuhfi vcmuedõg fi edu fh fh gcs. Vhn jdäg oui rcg is tdpu mhfhs fd vir shs emèusumhs ecnir edhmis qui vcm-vdircg hm trhthfc fi Eù qudsheh fi 805:. Ig tri fd e`hs emèusumhs istuvdircg; im dnpuis tc fim ?%fi dn pcr thedõg y fi gc nès fim 6% nu gdedphm h mcs prcfue tcs pi ruhgcs qui si dg tir ghrhg igJc mdvdh y h mhs jcmdvdhgcs ig im \i rû1 mh mdji rhedõg fi fi ri e`cs ph rh im bhghfc, vî vi ris y ec nis td-

jmis1 im brhvhnig fim 8% ph rh mhs nc gi fhs fi crc y im :% ph rh mhs fi pmhth1 im fi 5<% h mcsioie tcs ix trhg kircs, nès ug fi ri e`c fi trèg sdtc ig tri im 5 y im :<%1 im fi :% fi trèg sdtc ec ncûgdeh ecg trdju edõg scjri mcs ioie tcs jc mdvdhgcs ix pcr thfcs pcr puir tcs pi ruhgcs1 mh mdjir thf fitrègsdtc ph rh mcs mdjrcs, nè qudghs y ì rrhndig ths ig vîh h Jc mdvdh y phrh mhs numhs, ehjh mmcs yfi nès heä ndmhs qui ouirhg fi Hr big tdgh hm \irû1 mh priphrhedõg hguhm fi thrdohs fi hvh mûcs, yfdvir shs si bu rdfh fis ph rh mhs buîhs y tcrghbuîhs ig is ti trè odec. Im fi eri tc fi 5< fi ku gdc fi 806<od kõ mcs firi e`cs fi trèg sdtc qui fi jîhg ph bhr mcs prcfue tcs jc mdvdhgcs dn pcr thfcs c ix pcr th-fcs pcr mcs puir tcs fim \i rû qui irh vh rdhjmis ig tri im 5% y im :<%1 hsdndsnc si øhmõ mhs ocrnh-mdfh fis y fi tir ndgõ mhs vîhs pcr fcgfi fi jîh `h eir si is ti ec nir edc fi trèg sdtc fi Jc mdvdh. \cr



Isti rimdbdcsc ouihrzcjdspc fi Mdnh y

riedjdõ mhs jumhs phphmis qui ixpdfdõ im phph Bribcrdc P_D ig

8052 phrh mhjihtdodehedõg fi orhy

Nhrtîg fi \crris y orhy Kuhg Nhsîhs. Fi crfig

orhgedsehgh, Uhmis fi Hrrdith oui ecgshbrhfchrzcjdspc ig 806< pcr

im cjdspc huxdmdhr fiMdnh, Orhgedsec Khvdir

fi Mugh \dzhrrc.

OZHGEDUEC FI UHMIU HZZDIVH (82?0-8065)

tdirrh scmc oui pirndtdfc fis fi Hrdeh, pcr mh vîh fi Vhegh, fig trc fi mhs phuths qui fi thmmhfhnig-ti qui fhrcg si øhmhfhs (Hrtîeumc ?¼). Muibc pc fîh tcnhr mh ruth fi \hmeh hm Fishbuhfi rc c, thn-jdäg, mh fi Ghshehrh, sibûg ri scmuedõg fi 9 fi si tdin jri fi 806<.

FI _CMYEDÕG FI IUVHGFHZVIU \IZYHGCU \CZ JCMD _DH.- Mcs isthgfhrtis ehpturhfcsig Ucehjh yh ouircg fi vuimtcs pcr mcs jcmdvdhgcs kugtc ecg 8<2 `cn jris, ig kugdc fi 806<. Mhshutcrdfhfis y ecr pcrhedcgis shmdircg h riedjdr ig Mdnh is tcs trcoics h mh \crthfh fi Nh rhvdmmhsEcgfu edfcs ig trdugoc y ecg `cgcris ndmdthris si ehgtõ ug tifiun ig mh Eh ti frhm. \rcgugedõ mhcrhedõg brhtumhtcrdh im ndgdstrc fi Dgstrueedõg \ûjmdeh y Gibcedcs Iemisdèstdecs, Hbustîg Budmmir-nc E`h rûg. Mcs isthgfhrtis irhg fim jhthmmõg Ehzhfc ris fi Mdnh, fim @ûshris fi Kugîg y fi mcsBrhghfi rcs fim Ehmmhc (:2 fi hbcstc fi 806<).

Q vDD ÛYJMI _HEDÕG UHGVHEZYEDGH IG JC MD _DH.- Im Ecgbri sc crfdghrdc, riugdfc ig Jc mdvdh ig806<, prcemhnõ prisdfigti ecgs tdtuedcghm hm bigi rhm _imhsec. @cnjri `cg rhfc, pi rc fi mdndth-fcs hmehgeis, sdg isouirzcs erihfc ris gd dgdedhtdvhs trhseig fig tis, _i mhsec ti gîh qui mue`hr ecgim rieuirfc fi su hg ti ei scr y ecg mhs nhqudghedcgis fi mcs hnd bcs fi isti. Fis fi mh Hrbig tdgh,fcg fi is thjh fis ti rrhfc, Nhrdhgc Ig rdqui Ehmvc, hgtdbuc vdei pri sdfig ti fi Uhg th Eruz, mhgzõug nh gdodistc qui dgedtõ h mh rivuimth. @hmmõ iec isti mmhnh ndig tc ig im Ecgbri sc y ug pmdibc fiheushedõg oui prisig thfc pcr mhs dgorheedcgis qui si htrdjuîhg hm Bcjdirgc, pi rc mh nhgdcjrh gcprcspi rõ y im pmdibc qui fõ fi sis tdnh fc. Vhnpcec tuvc äxdtc ugh dgtig tcgh fi mcs igindbcs kõvigis fi _i mhsec, hm sujmivhrsi fcs jh thmmcgis h ohvcr fi Jh mmdvdèg (:8 fi gcvdinjri fi 806<).Dbuhmnig ti oui is tärdm mh rivuimth fi mcs hndbcs fi Uhgth Eruz ig Mh \hz, im ? fi oijri rc fi 8068.Mh fi 8< fi kugdc fi isi nds nc høc, ig Ec e`hjhn jh, hsundõ ctrc ehrdz. Im bigi rhm Uijhs tdègHbrifh, fi heuir fc ecg ugc fi mcs ifi ehgis fim \ri sdfig ti, hpri sõ h isti y prcemhnõ h UhgthEruz. Im 89 fi isi nis, ug nc tîg pc pumhr ig Mh \hz igeun jrõ h Nhrdhgc Ig rdqui Ehmvc, h qudigsi sc ni tdõ Hbrifh. Hnjhs ri vuimths eun pmdircg ecgsdbghs dnphrtdfhs pcr Uhgth Eruz fisfiBuhyhqudm. Ehmvc ig vdõ ug hbigti y ecnu gdehedcgis hm Bcjdirgc fi E`d mi phrh jusehr su giu-trhmdfhf y corieir vig th khs ecnir edhmis y fi ctrc tdpc h isi phîs, ig ecg trh fim \irû. Isth bistdõgfi jîh `h eirsi ecg im risphmfc fi Kuhg Bhreîh fim Zîc, qui ripri sig thjh hm Ieuhfcr ig hquim phîs.

Fi kugdc h cetujri ù jc isi høc tri ei nc tdgis ig Jc mdvdh; euhtrc pcr Uhgth Eruz, sids pcrJhmmdvdèg y tris pcr _imhsec.

JHMMD _DÈG ECG BHNHZZH T BHNHZZH ECGVZH JCMD _DH.- Jhmmdvdèg `hjîh ig trhfcig trhtcs ecg Bhnh rrh, h pishr fi mh cpdgdõg hfvirsh h isth hmdhgzh qui Ehstdmmh fdc hm \risdfig-ti y oui fis ehrhfh nig ti huxdmdhfc pcr mhs hutcrdfh fis pi ruhghs fi mh orcgti rh hm sdtuhrsi hmmîphrh nhgi khr mcs `dmcs fi su trhnh. Nig sh kirc fis mihm, ùjc qui mmivõ ehrths fi Jh mmdvdèg gc h

sus fis tdghthrdcs sdgc hm prcpdc Hbrifh, y vdgc h fis eujrdrsi, si bûg prcpdh ecgoisdõg, qui isth-jh hpc yhfc pcr mcs rieurscs fim \i rû. Bhnh rrh gc si ecgtig tõ ecg im dgstrunig tc qui eriîhti gir ig im hnjdedcsc ehufdmmc jcmdvdhgc. Im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc pi ruhgc fi emhrõ h mh phtrdh igpi mdbrc hm shjir qui Uhg th Eruz irh hemhnh fc ig su phîs fi crd big, ri mhedcghgfc is ti ì e`cecg mhs dgguni rhjmis dgtrdbhs qui mcs phrtdfh rdcs fi Uhgth Eruz `heîhg ig Jc mdvdh y ig im \irû,fi mhs qui gc irhg sdgc ug ipdscfdc mhs ixpi fdedcgis ig vdhfhs h mh prcvdgedh fi \durh hm nhg-fc fi Hg bumc y Eäspi fis, y hutcrdzõ mh buirrh hm ix \rctie tcr "`hsth cj ti gir si burdfhfis fiqui gc su ordrèg fi trdnig tc mh trhgqudmdfhf, dgfi pig fig edh, ugdfhf y mdjir thf fi mh Zipûjmdehpi ruhgh" (? fi kumdc fi 8068).

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :2 :8?



"Im shgtc fi mh isecjh"

"Im phtrcgc fi mcs ndbrhgtis pcjris"

Orhy Nhrtîg fi \crris ghedõ ig Mdnh ig8924, fi phfri isphøcm y nhfri gibrh.

8

H mcs 89 høcs dgbrisõ hm ecgvigtc fiUhgtc Fcndgbc, fi mh crfig fi mcsfcndgdecs.

:

Ig 8?<5 ouihfndtdfc ecncìrnhgc ytcnõ vctcs fipcjrizh,cjifdigedh yehstdfhf.

5

Orhy Kuhg Nhsîhs ghedõ ig Zdjirc fi Orisgc(Jhfhkcz,Isphøh), ig 8909. Xuifc ùärohgc h mcseuhtrc høcs y si fifdeõ hm c edc fi phstcr.

8

Mmibõ h Hnärdeh fim Uur ig8?8?. Ig Mdnh, pdfdõ im `èjdtcfi ìrnhgc eccpirhfcr ig imecgvigc fi Uhgth NhrîhNhbfhmigh, fi mh crfigfcndgdeh (8?::)

:

Oui pcrtirc fim ecgvitc fi UhgtcFcndgbc furhgti vidgtdedgec høcs.Uibûg im shgtc, mh vdrbig si mihphriedõ phrh riecgocrthfc. Hfinès,gunircscs tistdbcs h rnhrcg`hjirmc vdstc mivdthr ig nifdc fi ugbrhg rispmhgfcr.

5

Ig im ecgvigtc si fistheõ ig mcsc edcs fi igoirnirc y edrukhgc. Vhnjdäg oui ìrjcmhrdh yeumtdvhjh mhs pmhgths nifdedgh-mis qui hmdvdhjhg h mcs igoirncs.\cr sus eudfhfcs h mcs nèsgieisdthfcs, si mi htrdjuyircgfdvirscs ndmhbrcs.

6

Nurdú ig Mdnh im 89 fisitdinjri fi 8?69. Uus ristcsouircg igtirrhfcs ig im Hmthrfi mhs Zimdqudhs fi UhgtcFcndgbc Oui ehgcgdzhfc ig8429 pcr im phph \hjmc _D.

6

Nurdõ ig 8?54 y ouiehgcgdzhfc pcr im phphKuhg PPDDD IG 84?:

9

Ouigtis; www.fcndgdecs.crb

Im ecgvigtc fiUhgtc Fcndgbc isim nès hgtdbuc fiMdnh. Ecgtdigi ughsueisdõg fiemhustrcs y phtdcs.Hmh firie`h fi suhmthr nhycr, istègmcs ristcs fi shgthZcsh, shg Nhrtîg fi\crris y shg KuhgNhsîhs.

\IZUCGHKIU FI MCU HMVHZIUIg 8052, im phph Bribcrdc P_D jihtdodec h Nhrtîg fi \crris y h Kuhg Nhsîhs.




:80







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


Ig ug DgVIgVC \CZZIugDoDEHZ IM JHKCT HMVC \IZÛ, IM

\ZIUDFIgVI HBuUVîgBHNHZZH CEu\H MHEDuFHF FI MH \Hz TFIEMHZH MH BuIZZH

H JCMD_DH,H\ZC_IE@HgFC MH

EZDUDU \CMîVDEH IgMH quI IUVHJHUuNDFH. MHU

FIoIgUHUJCMD_DHgHU ouIZCg

CZBHgDzHFHU \CZ IMBIgIZHM KCUä

JHMMD_D g, ugC FIMCU VZIU EHuFDMMCU

quI UI FDU\uVHJHgIgVCgEIU IM \HîU.

89CEVuJZI8068

Qpirû ^

Fi heuir fc ecg is ti ndsnc pug tc fi vdsth, pcecs ni sis nès thr fi, euhg fc yh si `h jîhmdjrh fc mh jhthmmh fi Dgbhvd, im Bcjdirgc fi Mdnh fi emhrõ codedhmnig ti mh buirrh "hm phrtdfc quinhg fhjh ig Jc mdvdh" (:2 fi gcvdinjri fi 8068). Hsî eriõ ugh sd tuhedõg ixeip edcghm ig im Firi-e`c fi Big tis, hgèmcbh h mh qui `hjîh surbdfc ig mh fiemhrhtcrdh fi buirrh i e`h pcr im Ecgbri-sc pi ruhgc h mcs kiois fi Ec mcnjdh y gc h mcs puijmcs ig 80:0.

Bhnh rrh, qui im 80 fi kugdc `hjîh ri bri shfc h Mdnh fis puäs fi mh rivcmuedõg fi _dvhgec, siin jhreõ gui vhnig ti hm sur im 85 fi kumdc fi 8068. Xuifõ ig ehrbhfc fim nhg fc su pri nc imprisdfigti fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc, Nhguim Nigägfiz.

JHMMD _DÈG HM OZIGVI FI MH YGDÕG GHEDCGHM JCMD _DHGH.- Im hgugedc fi mh dgvhsdõgpi ruhgh prcvceõ ig Jc mdvdh ug emdnh hphrig ti nig ti `cs tdm h Uhgth Eruz pcrqui, fi ug mhfc, `dzcecn prig fir mh brhvifhf fi mcs pi mdbrcs hgixcs hm `ie`c fi ri suedthr su phrtdfc y pcr qui, hm ndsnctdin pc, `dzc ecn prig fir h nu e`cs qui mh dgfi pig fig edh ghedcghm pimdbrhjh. Im : fi kumdc, igUueri, ug gui vc nc tîg prcemhnõ h Jh mmdvdèg. Ndigtrhs im fisti rrhfc ehufdmmc mmibhjh, hsundõ impcfir ig su gcn jri im fce tcr Kcsä Nhrîh Uirrhgc, qui ig im Ecgbri sc fi 8054 mc `hjîh mmhnh fc"Eäshr fi mcfc, pc fri y jh rrc". H mh edufhf fi Uu eri si ugdõ mh fi \ctcsî. @hjîh, puis, fcs nc vdndig-tcs suj virsdvcs; im fi Uhgth Eruz ig im gcrti, ri pri sig thfc pcr Ehmvc y Hbrifh, y im fi Jhmmdvdèg, igim sur, igehji zhfc pcr Uirrhgc. Mh rihphrdedõg fi _i mhsec ig im sur ecg ug ikäredtc ig im qui odbu-rhjhg vhrdcs indbrhfcs hrbig tdgcs (im `dstcrdhfcr y pcmîtdec Jhrtcmcnä Ndtri, ig tri ctrcs) vdgc hhunig thr mh ecgousdõg dnpi rhgti.

Ehrths y prcemhnhs fi Jh mmdvdèg mc fimhthjhg ec nc orhgec ecmhjc rhfcr fi mh dgtir vigedõgpi ruhgh. Mh ceuphedõg fi Ecjd kh ig sitdin jri fi 8068 pcr ouir zhs qui ig vdõ im prioietc fi VheghNhguim fi Nigfdju ru ecgtõ ecg su hpcyc y im fi sus hndbcs, y ecg nc tdvc fi ug he th phrh hgi-xhr im fiphrthnig tc fi Mh \hz hm \irû iserdjdõ hm ehufdmmc prcserdtc h ohvcr fi is ti pmhg. \irc _imhs-ec mi igtri bõ mh hutcrdfhf su pri nh y ecg immh im ikäredtc fim sur phrh qui si cpu sdirh h qudigishbrifîhg y hni ghzhjhg hm phîs, y mcs phrtdfhrdcs fi Uhgth Eruz `dedircg mc ndsnc.

Euhgfc vdc Jhmmdvdèg qui fi Jc mdvdh mc mmhnh jhg y si is eufh jhg ig su gcn jri ph rh ecgti-gir mh tindfh dgvhsdõg scjri eu yhs brhvis ecgsi euig edhs gc pcfîh fu fhrsi, gc oui scrfc his ths dgsthgedhs phtrdõtdehs y ecnprig fdõ qui pcfîh mcbrhr su hnjdedõg fi pcfir pi rc ecg ugsdbgdodehfc nu e`c nès `cg rcsc y hmtc qui ec nc hu xdmdhr fim igindbc. Fîei si qui hm gcthrBhnh rrh im ehnjdõ fi orig ti fi qudig `h jîh sdfc su prc ti bdfc, dgtig tõ hprishrmi. Jhmmdvdèg siis eurrdõ fim \irû y phsõ mh orcgti rh. Mh \hz mc riedjdõ ecg ig tusdhsnc. Ig si budfh ecnu gdeõ hBhnh rrh qui im crfig rid ghjh ig Jc mdvdh y qui su hfndgdstrhedõg sirîh "mh nès sõmdfh bhrhgtîhfi phz y fi hnds thf ecg im \irû".

MH DG _HUDÕG \IZYHGH H JCMD _DH. UYU IVH \HU.- Th `hjîhg phshfc Bhnh rrh y suikäredtc mh orcgti rh im : fi cetujri. Hsî ecnc ig 80:0 fd kc qui `hjîh nhr e`hfc h Jc mdvdh h "dgtir-pcgir si ig tri mh vîetdnh (Uueri) y mcs hsisdgcs", h`crh hodrnh jh qui nhr e`hjh h "dgtir pcgir si

ig tri ug pui jmc cprdndfc y ug ikäredtc sir vdm y nirei ghrdc".Im pirîcfc fi 6? fîhs qui fu rõ mh dgvhsdõg piruhgh h Jcmdvdh puifi sir fd vdfdfc ig euh trcith phs; mh fi hrnc gîh ecg mcs hbigtis y ecndsdcghfcs fi Jh mmdvdèg, mh fi gibcedhedcgis ecg is tiehufdmmc, mh fi `cstdmdfhfis y mh fi mh jhthmmh fiedsdvh.

Mh buirrh tuvc thn jdäg ctrc orig ti, im nhrîtdnc, ig Ec jd kh, puirtc ceuphfc, ec nc si `hfde`c yh, pcr ugh ixpi fdedõg piruhgh hm nhgfc fim ecrcgim Ehrmcs Mhbcnhr sdgc, ig ugh cpi rh-edõg euyh brhg dnpcrthgedh istuvc ig qui si ivd tõ mh mmibhfh fi Uhgth Eruz. Isti ehufdmmc yh si`hjîh in jhrehfc ig Buh yhqudm ig im jhrec Mufc ndmdh y fis puäs fi vh rdhs dgoruetucshs tigthtdvhssi vdc cjmdbhfc h ri bri shr h su mubhr fi phrtdfh.



:8

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


MH IVH\H \H EÎODEH FI MH DG _HUDÕG.- Mh prdni rh ithph fi mh dgvhsdõg tirristri fu rõ fim 8¼hm 6 fi cetujri, si bûg mhs ecnu gdehedcgis codedhmis, pirc si prcmcgbõ fi ì e`c fu rhgti hmbugcsfîhs nès. Ecnc Jh mmdvdèg gc si hjîh hecrfhfc fi hgu mhr sus hrribmcs hgti rdcris, mcs dgvhscris `h mmh-rcg, hm pdshr tirrdtcrdc jcmdvdhgc, hm tigdigti ec rcgim Jcrfh, ig ehrbhfc, ec nc ctrcs ec ndsdcghfcs, fiprcpcredcghrmis vîviris, ocrrh kis y ncvdmdfhf. Ig im mubhr mmhnh fc @uhe`heheì, hfcg fi mmibõ im 2

fi ce tujri, ri edjdõ Bhnh rrh tcfh emhsi fi htig edcgis fi mhs hutcrdfhfis, y ig im puijmc fi @uhyec(mh hgäefc th `h sdfc ecg thfh pcr im `dstcrdhfcr jc mdvdhgc Zdbcjir tc \h rifis) ug vi edgc gcthjmi,Kcsä Gdehsdc Bcyzui th, trhtõ hm prisdfigti piruhgc ecnc dgvdthfc fi `c gcr y fi äm cjtuvc im tîtu-mc fi bcjir ghfcr fi Cnh suycs odrnh fc pcr Jh mmdvdèg. Euhgfc Bcyzui th oui hprishfc pcr isti, gcqudsc is ehphr y ixpri sõ qui qudig mc ecnprcni tdõ phrh sirvdr h Bhnh rrh gc mi ehstdbhrîh pcr hjireun pmdfc ecg isi ecn prcndsc, pirc oui ousdmhfc ec nc trhdfcr h mh phtrdh (89 fi gcvdinjri).

MH IVH\H FI MHU GIBCEDHEDCGIU ECG JHMMD _DÈG.- Ig @uhe`heheì ri edjdõ Bhnh rrhmhs prdni rhs dgfdehedcgis fi Jh mmdvdèg phrh qui fi tuvdirh su hvhgei. Bhnh rrh hfu kc igtcgeisqui gc viîh ugh bhrhgtîh ig im ripig tdgc ig eun jrhndig tc fi is ti ehufdmmc1 qui mcs phrtdfh rdcsfi Uhgth Eruz priphrhjhg su ehîfh1 qui giei sdthjh si burdfhfis1 qui gc mi irh `cgrcsc ri trcei-fir1 qui "im ikäredtc pi ruhgc gc is ug pcs tdmmõg hm euhm si mi puifi `h eir ri bri shr ig euhmqudir`c rh y ig euhmqudir pugtc". \rcgtc si ecg vdrtdircg mhs gcths fi Jh mmdvdèg ig õrfi gis y `hsth ighni ghzhs. Isi oui im sigtdfc fi mhs ixdbig edhs qui pmhgtiõ ig \h ehrhgî im 88 fi cetujri.

Ehstdmmh, qui hecnphøõ h Bhnh rrh ig is th ehnphøh ecnc bi gi rhm ig kioi fim ikäredtc, siin pi øõ ig ec nig zhr ugh mue`h dgni fdhth. Bhnh rrh pigsõ ig pri sig thr ugh jhthmmh scmc euhg-fc mmibõ h su pcfir, im 4 fi cetujri, ug fi eri tc fi Jh mmdvdèg ecg õrfi gis phrh qui ig mcs puijmcssi `cs tdmdzhsi fi tc fhs nh gi rhs h mhs trcphs piruhghs1 pirc im ikäredtc fi Jh mmdvdèg, qui `hjîhis thfc nuy eir eh y ecg ouirzhs isehshs y pufc, pcr mc thgtc, sir oèedmnig ti fis trudfc ig mcs prd-ni rcs fîhs fi ce tujri, bh gõ mh fimhgti rh y si nc vdõ ig ritdrhfh h edh Crurc, ndigtrhs qui hehscohmtõ mh fiedsdõg phrh pirsi budrmc.

CEY\HEDÕG FI MH \H[. MHU \ZDNI ZHU @CUVDMDFHFIU.- Im ikäredtc pi ruhgc ceupõ Mh\hz sdg ecnjh ti im 89 fi cetujri. @ujc prdni rc ugh hetdtuf fi ecg vdvigedh fim viedgfhrdc ecg mcsdgvhscris, qui ri ecgcei im `dstcrdhfcr jc mdvdhgc Hmedfis Hrbui fhs. \i rc mhs cstdmdfhfis ecg trh immcsfi sig ehfi ghfhs ig im ristc fim phîs h ecg sieuig edh fi mh hetdtuf fi Jh mmdvdèg y fi mh "ugdõg shbrh-fh" qui si dn prcvdsõ hmrifi fcr fi äm, tuvdircg ugh vdrtuhmdfhf fi ecg thbdc. Mhs prcvdgedhs fi Mh \hzerihrcg thgths fdodeumthfis qui gc ù jc si burdfhf ph rh mcs fipõsdtcs fi ig oirncs ig mh rithbuhr-fdh gd phrh igvdhr ecnu gdehedcgis hm \irû gd phrh riedjdr mcs ocgfcs ri ndtdfcs fis fi \u gc.

Fcøh Kcsioh Jhmmdvdèg, ìrnh gh fim ehufdmmc, si fistheõ ecnc ugh fi mhs prdgedphmis ecgspdrhfc-rhs ig Mh \hz, y pcr isi nctdvc oui hprishfh y ig vdhfh hm \irû, kugtc ecg su nh fri y ctrhs si øcrhs.

IM \ZC TIEVC FI HZNDUVDEDC IGVZI \H[ UCMFÈG T XYDGVIMH. NIEH\HEH.-Mhith ph fi mhs `cstdmdfhfis si dgdedõ ndigtrhs qui, pcr ctrh phrti, si buîh mh ithph fi mhs gibcedh-edcgis. Mcs pmigdpctig edhrdcs Kcsä Bribcrdc \hz Ucmfèg y Hgfräs Xudgti mh mmibhrcg h ecgvigdr igprdgedpdc im :8 fi cetujri ug hr ndstdedc fi tridgth fîhs ecg mh ceuphedõg fi ugh phrti fim fi phr-thnig tc fi Mh \hz ni gcs su ehpdthm, qui si fiemhrhrîh giutrhm, sdg pir kudedc fi ri sdfdr ig immh imprisdfigti fim \i rû y mcs pmigdpctig edhrdcs fi hn jhs phrtis phrh mh rifheedõg fim trhthfc fi odgd-tdvc (:8 fi ce tujri).

Isi nds nc fîh :8 tu vc mubhr ig im puijmc mmhnh fc Ni ehpheh ug igeuig trc fc jmi ecg ouirzhsjc mdvdhghs hm sir ceuphfc isi pui jmc pcr ugh ecmungh piruhgh hm nhgfc fim ecrcgim Uhg

EHZVHU T\ZCEMHNHUJHMMD_DFIMHVHJHgoZHgECECMHJCZHFMH DgVIZ_I\IZuHgH, MHCEu\HEDÕgECJDKH Ig

UIVDINJZI F8068 \CZ ouIquI Ig_DÕ IM\ZIoIEVC FIVHEgH NHgFI NIgFDJuZECgVÕ ECg H\CTC T IM UuU HNDBC



:::







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


igi rc fi 806:. Is ug mhrbc i dgti rishgtîsdnc tis tdnc gdc qui kuzbh, ig ug tcgc fi ru fh orhgqui zhmh ecgfue th fi mcs kiois y cod edhmis phrtdedphgtis ig is th ehnphøh, y si fi tdigi ig mh erîtdeh fi mhsfdspcsdedcgis hfcp thfhs pcr im \risdfig ti ig pmigh jhthmmh. Uibûg mc hodrnh fc ig is ti fc eunig tc,Ehstdmmh privdõ im fisehmhjrc h ecg sieuig edh fi mhs õrfi gis fi Bh nh rrh y isti si ig ecmirdzõ hgti mhbrhvifhf fi thm dgsujcr fdghedõg. "Xui `dedirh mc qui qudsdisi" (nhg fõ, pcr odg, fiedrmi Bhnh rrh h

Ehstdmmh) "yh irh thrfi y äm nhre`hjh fi orig ti". Dnphrtdõ, ig sibudfh õrfi gis h mcs ecnhg fhgtisbi gi rhmis fi mhs fdvdsdcgis y h mcs ecnhg fhg tis fi mcs euirpcs phrh qui scmc cji fi edirhg mhs õrfi-gis fim bigi rhm Uhg Zcnèg ig mh dgohgti rîh. \cec fis puäs scjri vigîh im fishstri.

Bhnh rrh (qui `hjîh ì e`c vîetdnh fi su prc pdh dgfdsedpmdgh h Mh Nhr ig 80:4, euhgfc mcfi pusc fis puäs fi Vhrqud y hug qud zè mc fiscji fi edõ ig ish ndsnh kcrghfh) oui isth viz mh vîe-tdnh. Ehjrîh heuøhr ugh orhsi phrh bmcshr mh ncrhmi kh fi tcfh is th `dstcrdh; "Xudig sdinjrh Vhrquds,ecsi e`h Dgbhvds".

Mcs hgdvirshrdcs fim muetucsc fîh fi is th jhthmmh fijig sir ivc ehfcs ph rh rigfdr `cni gh ki h mhvdrtuf nd mdthr euyh husig edh fisig ehfi gõ mh ehtèstrcoi.

\cr mc finès, qui fh h mcs täegdecs im istufdc fi sd mh dgfc edmdfhf fi Ehs tdmmh dnpmdeõ, h pishr fitcfc, ugh pri vdsdõg bigdhm fim runjc qui mcs suei scs tcnh rcg ndgutcs fis puäs.

Mh vdetcrdh ig im ehnpc fi Dgbhvd hsiburõ mh mdjir thf y mh scji rhgîh fi Jc mdvdh. \uifi fi edrsi hsîqui mh fi 8068 oui mh ûmtdnh bui rrh fi mh dgfi pig fig edh fi isth Zipûjmdeh. Fispuäs fi Dgbhvdghfdi dgtig tõ yh sujyubhrmh.

Udnjõ mdehnig ti hmmî nurdõ Bhnh rrh, im `cnjri qui thg tc h jîh trhjh khfc ig ecg trh fi Jc mdvdh.Ig 80:0 pu fc fis `heir h ish Zipûjmdeh, gc qudsc. Euhgfc qudsc y pufc ig 8058, gc mc fi khrcg

sus prcpdcs ecnphtrdcths. Euhgfc qudsc ig 8068, gc pufc y mc nhthrcg.

IODBDI FI BHNHZZH.- Ecmibdhm fi Uhg Juighvig turh ig im Euzec, mhtdgdsth virshfc qui mmi-vhjh sdin pri ig im jcmsdmmc ugh ifdedõg fim sigtig edcsc @crhedc ecnc nhis trc fim ecrhzõgù nh gc, sdg injhr bc `h jîh pri oirdfc mh èspi rh ugdvirfsdfhf fi mh vdfh dnpurh. @hjîh mmibhfcfis fi nuy mi kcs hm trcti fi su eh jh mmdtc si rrhgc h mh ehpdthm hmtdvh pcr mhrbcs ehndgcs edreugfhfcspcr ehn phnig tcs. Yg ceumtc h`c rrc vdthm dgougfîhmi im cptdndsnc thg gi ei shrdc phrh sir ecg-fue tcr1 pisi h qui fis fi nuy tin prhgc supc mh virfhf oi rcz fi mhs ecshs. Irh mh suyh ugh tighzphedigedh fi cjri rc rurhm hugqui h vi eis im ndmighrdc riei mc hgfdgc, mmigc fi hbh e`hfhs, isecg-fi fcr, sdg igtri bhrsi gug eh, fi eîhsi qui `h mmèjh si ig äm. Euhgfc ecg virshjh sc mîh dgemdghr mhehji zh y ndrhjh fi scs mhyc ecnc ug eh zhfcr qui hpug th. Ui mi tigîh ig mh vd fh, ig mh pcmîtdeh, igmh buirrh, pcr mc qui ig mh phnph si mmhnh ug jh quihgc. Mh ghrdz hqudmdgh fi ec nhg fc ig surcstrc mhnpdøc y fi sig eh khfc fi sur ecs ehvhfcs pcr mcs høcs, ecgtrhsthjh ecg mh qudith ndrhfhfi sus ckcs ecmcr thjh ec cseurc. Jh kc su pdim hecstun jrh fh h mhs riedhs ìmhfhs fi mh sdirrh y h mhsturjdhs tin pis thfis fi mh heedõg omuîh mh shgbri orîh, rhrh ig mcs puijmcs kõvigis, mhs sitig th pum-shedcgis fim pritcr. Ui mi heipthjh, hugqui pcr nu e`cs ecg ug "¡Xuä mi vhncs h `h eir!" ecncug nhm nigcr1 pirc ecgtin pcrègics ec nc Vèvhrh, Ieì gdqui y Nig fdju ru mc mmhnhg si rigc,prufug ti y nhb gègdnc hug qui shjîh, ecnc im nhrdgc, utdmdzhr im vdigtc cji fi edägfc mc y ecn-

prig fîh qui mh mîgih rie th si tdrh ig im nhph y ig im phpim jmhgec y gc ig im trh zhfc fi mcs ehnd-gcs gd ig im eursc fi mcs rîcs gd ig im bcjdirgc fi mcs puijmcs. @hjîh suordfc ridti rhfhnig ti mhprui jh fim pcfir y mh ecgtrhprui jh fi mh hfvirsdfhf, nu e`hs vi eis im dgocrtugdc mc `hjîh fi khfcscmdthrdc1 pirc äm gc si `hjîh qui fhfc sig thfc ig mh crdmmh fi mh vdfh is pi rhgfc mh nhrih gui vhsdgc qui `h jîh dfc h jusehrmh y nès fi ugh viz mh eriõ.

T, sdg injhrbc, h pishr fi mcs rhsbcs nès fdougfdfcs fi su eh rèetir, si mhgzõ, viti rhgc yh,ecnc ug scmfhfc jd scøc, h mh ûmtdnh hvig turh. \riodrdõ mhs vdedsdtufis fi ugh ehn phøh euhgfc`hmmèjh si rc fih fc fi mcs ig ehgtcs y fi mhs sifue edcgis fim pcfir y euhgfc mh phtrdh gc tigîh yhghfh nès qui fhr mi. Im orîc fi mh nisi th, im `hnjri eri edigti, im hsdmhndig tc, ecnig zhrcg h hzu-

JHVHMMH FI DGBH_D.Im

Ecniredc fdc hecgceir mcs sueiscs fi

Dgbhvd im sèjhfc 6 fifdedinjri fi 8068. Isifîh si pujmdeõ mh ehrth

fim siøcr OirnîgEhgsiec, qudig hjîh

riedjdfc ughecnugdehedõg fim

bigirhm Uhg Zcnèg.Ehgsiec fdei; ”im 80

fim qui rdbi suordõguistrc ik redtc ug

ecgtrhsti ig im ehnpcfi Dgehbui (sde), ig im

qui ouircg prdsdcgircsU. I. im Kigirhmîsdnc

(sde) prisdfigti fi mhZipûjmdeh y im

jigin rdtc siøcr Kigirhm (sde) Zhnõg

Ehstdmmh„.

Q8068 fDeDinjri 6 ^



::6







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


zhr ig su ehnphnig tc h mcs mcjcs fi mh sifdedõg. Mmibhfc im dgsthgti fi edsdvc gc pri tig fdõshmvhrsi hugqui pu fc ecg sdfi rhr qui su pirscgh irh ugh risirvh shbrhfh. Vhnpcec dgtig tõnig fdbhr ugh mdncs gh fim hfvirshrdc. Oui ecnc ug ghu orhbdc y oui ecnc sd im istuvdirh ig impuis tc fi nhg fc. Ui drbudõ ig ni fdc fim istruig fc fi mcs fdsphrcs fc jmis qui nc khjhg fi muzmhs pcehs jhycgi ths qui si gi bhjhg h ri tdrhrsi, phrh ehir jh kc ug edimc qui orieuig ti nig ti

tdigi ec mcr fi ecjhmtc, ig im orîc fi ugh pmhgdedi yirnh, ceri y brds, ocrnh fh fi ehs eh kc y tdirrhfi heh rric, fcg fi hpi ghs eriei imdeù c ph kh fi mh ecrfdmmirh, gc mi kcs fi ughs nîsi rhs e`czhsdgfîbi ghs gc nès hfcr ghfhs qui su tdigfh fi ehn phøh. Mh nuirti gc mi mmibõ ecnc im cehscfi ug ji mmc fîh sdgc trhîfh pcr mh tinpis thf y mh trhbi fdh fi ug fi shstri ghedcghm.

@hjîh hmehgzhfc ugh brhg vdetcrdh hm mcbrhr fis `heir h mh Ecgoifi rhedõg y hm fis`heir, ecgimmh, mh vdfh pc mîtdeh y im nigsh ki fi su ecn phøi rc y änu mc, Uhgth Eruz. Oui trinig fh, ig ehn-jdc, su fi rrcth hm quirir ug gui vc Isthfc dn pi rdhmdsth pi ruhgc. Hnjcs ehu fdmmcs risumthrcg giu-trhmdzègfc si. Dgbhvd ecgtrhpi sõ h Tugbhy. Gd Uhgth Eruz "jcmdvdhgdzõ" hm \irû gd Bhnh rrh "piruh-gdzõ" h Jcmdvdh. T hsî si priedsõ mh jdourehedõg fi mcs fistdgcs fim \i rû y fi Jc mdvdh qui, h pishr fitcfcs mcs fdseurscs orhtir ghmis, sdbui `hs th h`crh.

Mc qui pufdirh mmhnhr si "mh fdrie tdvh Bhnh rrh" ig mh pcmîtdeh piruhgh, is fi edr mh pcmîtdeh hgtd-jc mdvdhgh ig ivig tuhm hmdhgzh ecg E`dmi, prifc ndgõ ig im \irû `hsth qui vdgdircg im ghedcghmds-nc ecg tdgig thm fi 80?? y, nès thrfi, mh "fdrietdvh \hrfc", ecg crdigthedõg tèedthnig ti hgtdbhnh-rrdsth, fi heir ehndig tc h Jcmdvdh y fi hmi khndig tc fi E`d mi.

Q Dx ÎM EHFÈ _IZ T MH EHUHEH FI BHNHZZH.- Jhmmdvdèg nhgfõ irdbdr origti hm ehnpc fi jh th-mmh ugh ecmungh ecg ugh dgserdpedõg hmtdscghgti qui fi jîh ti gir ig su jh si im ehfè vir fi Bh nh rrh,prcohghfc fis puäs fi mh jhthmmh. Ui hecrfõ ig 806: qui is th dgserdpedõg ouisi jc rrhfh. Ig euhgtch mh ecmungh, mcs viedgcs fi _dhe`h mh fistruyircg ig 8062, hm sir fipuis tc Jhmmdvdèg1 y mcs guivcsbcjir ghgtis, Jimzû y _imhsec, fdspusdircg qui, fis puäs fi mcs `cgcris oûgi jris h mcs ristcs fiBhnh rrh ig mh Ehti frhm fi Mh \hz, ouirhg igvdhfcs immcs h Mdnh. Fi is tc si trhthrè nès hfi mhgti.

Ygh trhfdedõg, fdougfdfh ig Jc mdvdh, hodrnh qui im ehfè vir ri ndtdfc ig 8060 gc oui im fi Bhnh-rrh sdgc im fim shrbig tc jc mdvdhgc Bhrhvdtc, puis hquim mmibõ h sir fi pcsdthfc ig mh jhsi fi mhecmungh pcr crfig fi Jh mmdvdèg. Isth virsdõg trhth fi dgsdstdr ig qui mcs ristcs fi Bh nh rrh si qui-fhrcg ig Jc mdvdh. Gc si ecnprig fi ecg qui odg si `h jrîh ì e`c thg nh ehjrh supmhgthedõg, ecg-vdrtdigfc ig brc tis eh jurmh thgtc im fieri tc qui irdbdõ mh ecmungh ecnc su khethgedcsc mitri rc.

Hm fijh ti heir eh fim ehfè vir si kugth im fi mh ehsheh c fi mh "mivh" fi Bhnh rrh. Fîei si qui imfdethfcr Nimbhri kc ribhmõ isth prigfh hm fdpmcnè tdec pi ruhgc Nhrdhgc Mdgc Ecrgi kc, y qui immh oufi pcsdthfh ig Mdnh, ig im euhrtim fi Uhgth Ehthmdgh. Fi hmmî mh `hjrîh shehfc ug kioi e`dmigc fu rhg-ti mh ceuphedõg dgdedhfh ig 8008 phrh fèrsi mh h mh ohndmdh _hrbhs Xudgthgdmmh, fi fcgfi mh cjtuvcfcg Hmjir tc Bhnh rrh. Yg pmidtc si prc fu kc igtri hn jhs ohndmdhs, Bhnh rrh y _hrbhs Xudgthgdmmhheireh fi mh ehsheh, qui nès thrfi h sdfc ig tri bhfh hm Eigtrc fi Is tufdcs @dstõrdec-Ndmdthris. \i rcig im nusic fi Mh \hz si ix `djdõ furhgti nu e`c tdin pc mh "mivh" fi Bhnh rrh `hsth qui oui sus-

trhîfh pcr ug ri sdfig ti pi ruhgc si bûg `h ghrrhfc ig ug hr tîeumc scjri is ti hsugtc Kcsä NhrîhJhrritc, euyh dgocrnh edõg prcvdgc fim tdinpc qui sdrvdõ ig mh mibhedõg ig hquimmh edufhf.

Q x ^³OYI MH NYIZVI FI BHNHZZH YG "EZDNIG \IZ OIEVC"3.- Ncfis tc Jhshfri is erdjdõig su hrtîeumc "Dgbhvd", pujmdehfc ig Mh \htrdh fi Mdnh im 85 fi gcvdinjri fi 8022; "Gc gcs ceu-phrincs pcr h`c rh pcr mcs pcrni gcris fi is th shgbrdigth y fi shstrcsh jhthmmh1 immcs ixdtigis erdtcs, tcnh fcs mcs dgocrnis fi ouig tis dnphredhmis, riecbdfcs fi mcs mhjdcs fi tis tdbcs pri-

MH NYIZVI FI

BHNHZZH. Im 5 fiigirc fi 806: im fdhrdcIm Ecniredc pujmdeõ mh

giercmcbîh fim prisdfigti Hbustîg

Bhnhrrh. Ig im tixtcsi fieîh mc sdbudigti

”`h fikhfc fi ixdstdrim `cnjri dnpcrthgti,

im nhbdstrhfc dmustri,im vhmdigti buirrirc

qui thgtcs fîhs fi prcspirdfhf y fi

bmcrdh supc fhr hm\irû, qui ecg sundsnh nuirti `h

mibhfc `cgcr y bmcrdhh mh phtrdh qui `h

igsiøhfc ecnc fijincrdr ug virfhfirc

scmfhfc (…)„.

Q806: igirc 5 ^



Vrhs mh nuirti fim prisdfigti Bhnhrrh, serihrcg ugh sirdi fi ndhmrififcr fi su ehfèviUi fdei qui oui igtribig 8060 h mhs hutcrdqudigis mi fdircgsipumturh ig im EiniBigirhm. Vhnjd g queuirpc si quifõ ig imehnpc fi jhthmmh,igtirrhfc jhkc mh ecmecgnincrhtdvh qui nhecgstrudr Jhmmdvdè Hsdndsnc, qui mh ehqui usõ Bhnhrrh furhim igorigthndigtc ouiehpturhfh ecnc jctîg f buirrh, y muibc igtrih ug fdpmcnètdec pirMh ehsheh qui si cjsig mh dnhbig pirtigieBhnhrrh y si igeuigtrmh Uhmh fi DgdedhNusic Zihm Oimdpi

Ehmmhc.

MH EHUHEHBHNHZZH

::EH\ÎVYMC :2 \IZÎCFC 8

sig edhmis y fi pirscghs ehrheti rdzhfhs qui si `h mmhrcg ig hn jcs ikäredtcs. Im bigi rhmîsdncBhnh rrh nurdõ ig ish ougis th jhthmmh1 hm mhgzhrsi h ecgti gir pir scghmnig ti im fisjhg fi fiphrti fim ikäredtc ri edjdõ fcs jh mhzcs, ugc scjri im ecsthfc fi rie`c, ctrc trhs mh cri kh fim ndsncmhfc. Im vdehrdc, siøcr Hrnhs, qui si `h mmhjh h su mhfc euhg fc ehyõ fim ehjh mmc, gc pufc cîr miprcoirdr ugh scmh phmhjrh. Ui mhgzõ h mh nuirti is ti vdi kc y vhmdigti kioi hm ecgtin pmhr mh dgnc td-

vhfh fdspir sdõg fi su ikäredtc y si sherdodeõ phrh shmvhr, sd shmvhr irh pcsdjmi, im `cgcr fi su ph trdh".Kuhg J. \äriz y Uctc, ig ugcs pè rrhocs trhgserdtcs pcr Jig khnîg _deuøh Nheaig gh ig im mdjrcIm Rhsdgbtcg fim Uur , si ri odrdõ thnjdig h mh nuirti fi Bh nh rrh ig Dgbhvd, hsivi rhgfc qui "ouiug ³ehstdbc3 fi jh mh pirfdfh h ri thbuhrfdh". ³Ecgceîh mh virsdõg fhfh pcr Nc fis tc Jhshfri c si`dzc iec fi ctrhs dgocrnh edcgis3

Kuhg Buhmjir tc _hmfdvdh ig susNinc rdhs scjri mhs rivcmuedcgis fi Hriqud ph fdc h ecgceir quimh fdsecrfdh ndghjh h mcs kiois piruhgcs hgtis fi mh jhthmmh fi Dgbhvd, y qui `hjîhsi prc yiethfcugh sujmivhedõg phrh qudthrmi h Ehstdmmh im ecnhg fc. "Vhm dgtig edõg (hbribõ) mmibõ h gctdedh fiBhnh rrh qudig, hm riedjdrmh, fd kc; ‐Uirè pcsdjmi qui mcs piruhgcs, h prisig edh yh fim igindbc,`hbhg rivcmuedõg ig tdirrh ixtrhøh. ¡Tc ni fi khrä nh thr!‐". Nès hfimhgti _hmfdvdh si mdndtõ h ghrrhrfi mh sdbudigti nh gi rh mc ceurrdfc; "Mh jhthmmh prdgedpdõ y ecgtdguõ jhs thgti rhtc ecg vhmcr pcrhn jhs phrtis. \i rc euhgfc guis trh dgohgti rîh si `hmmhjh tc fhvîh ig juig is thfc, Uhg Zcnègri tdrõ fim ehnpc fi jh thmmh fcs jhthmmcgis îgti brcs y hmbughs sieedcgis fi eh jh mmirîh y si puscig ri tdrhfh phrh im \irû. Gc si shji edir thnig ti sd ish ritdrhfh si in prig fdõ hgtis c fis puäs fimh nuirti fi Bh nh rrh1 qui mh riedjdõ ig su puis tc". \cfrîh phrieir qui _hmfdvdh gc ùjdi rh qui-rdfc fhr nh ycris fi thmmis heireh fi mh jhthmmh.

Nhguim fi Nig fdju ru ig sus ni nc rdhs fdei sdnpminig ti; "_cmvdigfc yc fcg fi äm (Bhnh-rrh) fispuäs fi ec nu gdehr ugh fi sus õrfi gis, mi igecgträ nuir tc". Ecnc _hmfdvdh, fi kh mhdnpri sdõg fi qui gc qudiri `h jmhr nue`c fim hsugtc.

Ig im ipdthodc ig mhtîg puistc hm mhfc fim ehthohmec fi Bh nh rrh ig mhs `cgrhs oûgi jris ì e`hsig mh Ehti frhm fi Mdnh ig igi rc fi 806: miîhgsi mhs sdbudigtis phmhjrhs;

Euhgfc. \cr. Ûmtdnc.Ecmceègfc si. Im. \rdni rc. Hgti.Mhs Odmhs. Dgomhnh jh. H. Mcs.Uuycs. Hm. Ecnjh ti. Ig. Mh.Heedõg. Fi. Dgeh ui. Fis puäs.Fi. @hjär si mi. Nuirtc. Fcs.Ehjh mmcs. Ig. Xui. Isthjh.Ncgthfc. Vrhsphshfc. Fi.@irdfhs. Nurdõ. Ecg. Bmcrdh. Im.80. Fi. Gcvdinjri. Fi. 8068.H. Mh. Ifhf. Fi. 9? Høcs. T.Fîhs. ::.

Jhrtcmcnä @i rrirh, ig su crhedõg oûgi jri ig mh Ehti frhm fi Mdnh, h mh qui hmufi nès hfi-mhgti is ti ndsnc eh pîtumc, y phrh mh euhm riedjdõ, sibûg si fd kc igtcgeis, mcs tistdnc gdcs fihmbugcs scjri vdvdigtis, trhtõ hsî im ndsnc ti nh; "Mcs euirpcs h qudigis mh drh fim Uiøcr, vhmdäg-fc si fi mcs ndsncs pi ehfcs qui djh h ehstdbhr, hpcrtõ, hnhmbhnõ, ecg ougfdõ fi nc fc qui gcpcfîhg fdsphrhr im ousdm sdg ìrdrsi ugcs h ctrcs1 edreudfcs pcr tc fhs phrtis fim ouibc igi ndbc,si `h jîhg fis jhg fhfc. Im mhgei rc, im ocrndfh jmi mhgei rc fim \irû, `hjîh, ¡C` virbýig zh!, hgtisqui tc fcs ùdfc. Fcs jh thmmcgis sc mcs, sini khgtis h mcs 0<< vhmdigtis qui, hjhg fc ghfcs pcrsus ecn phøi rcs, quifh rcg ig im ehnpc ecg Kufhs Nhehjic, ri sdstig im in pu ki fi 6.<<< scm-fhfcs. ³Xudäg mcs hgdnh3 Yg sin jmhgti ig eig fdfc pcr mh mmhnh rhfh fim ecrhzõg ig qui si



::? \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :2

Ui ugdõ hm ik redtc nuy kcvig, ig 8059, y istuvc

jhkc mhs õrfigis fimbigirhm Zhnõg Ehstdmmh, hqudig hecnphøõ h Mdnh phrh mhs gibcedhedcgis

ecg Uhmhvirry. Euhgfc siisthjmiedõ mh

Ecgoifirhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhgh si ixdmdõ ig

E`dmi ecg su kioi.\hrtdedpõ fi mhs

ixpifdedcgisristhurhfcrhs e`dmighs,trhs mc euhm si fdrdbdõ h

Jcmdvdh y phrtdedpõ ig mhjhthmmh fi Dgbhvd (8068).

OZHGEDUEC FDI[EHGUIEC ECZJHE@C(80:8-8006)

`hjîhg riu gdfc y ri ecgeig trhfc euhg tc phtrdctdsnc y euhg tc vhmcr `hy isphredfc ig im \i rû,rispmhgfi ei ig tri immcs, ripri sig thgfc mh brhgfi zh, mh scji rhgîh fi mh ghedõg"… "Bhnh rrh gcdbgcrhjh qui mh nuirti irh dgivdthjmi ig mh pcsdedõg qui fi oigfîh1 pirc irh fi jir fi äm y fimcs suycs scsti gir `hs th im odg im `cgcr fi guis trhs hrnhs. Mh vcz pcfi rcsh ecg qui mh \h trdhnhg fh, shmdõ fi su jceh; ‐Hquî is priedsc nc rdr‐, ripdtdõ ehfh ec rhzõg… Nès ¡hy! ehyõ thn jdäg.

Im ouibc fi su ec rhzõg `hjîh vig edfc yh fcs vi eis h mh nuirti. Fcs vi eis si `h jîh mivhgthfcfim sipumerc phrh hgdnhr fi gui vc h sus scmfhfcs ecg im hdri sujmdni fi mh itir gdfhf, nh rhvd-mmcshnig ti ugdfc hm ixhmthfc dgti räs qui dgspdrh hm `cnjri fim tdin pc mh vdsth fi mh phtrdhhni ghzhfh. Nhs mhs drhs fi Fdcs si `hjîhg ig is th phrti mmighfc… irh yh im ncnig tc ig isifîh fi `c rrdjmi pigh y fi muz emhrîsdnh ph rh mcs piruhgcs, fi hehjhr fi hf virtdrmis qui mh oimded-fhf fi ji is pi rhrsi im pcfir y mh ndsi rdecrfdh fim Uiøcr, gc fi ug jrh zc; y isi jrh zc ehyõ fis-ì e`c y ehyõ mh dbgcndgdh scjri mh origti fim \i rû".

Mh giercmcbîh fi Bhnh rrh pujmdehfh ig Im Ecnir edc, im 5 fi igirc fi 806:, ecg nc tdvc fimhs `cgrhs ioietuhfhs ig mh Ehti frhm fi Mdnh, ix pri sõ mc sdbudigti; "…Fdspusc im edimc ig sueõmirh qui isi jrh vc i dnpir tärrdtc vi ti rhgc, ni gcspri edhgfc su ixdstig edh, si mhgzhrh ecgti ni rhrdc hrrc kc ig ni fdc fi mcs nès dgndgig tis pi mdbrcs y `hmmhrh mh nuirti ig mhs prdni rhsodmhs, ig fcgfi pri sig thrh im pie`c ec nc ug jmhgec h mcs vdcmigtcs ouibcs fim igi ndbc. Nuir-tcs ugc trhs ctrc fcs ehjh mmcs y ìrdfc im tirei rc, phri ei qui mcs bcmpis y ecgtusdcgis quisuordõ ig mhs ridti rhfhs ehîfhs ri gcvhrõg su ecrh ki y mi `dedircg cmvdfhr fim tcfc mh cjmdbhedõg fiecgsirvhr mh vdfh phrh su phtrdh y gc prcfdbhrmh… \hriei qui mhs ùistis igi ndbhs y qui tcfhssus hrnhs si ecg vdrtdisig ecg trh äm scmc y qui mh ocrtugh si ecn pmhedirh ig pri sig edhr im guivcy sujmdni is pie tèeumc fi ug ecnjh ti ig tri ug scmc `cn jri y mh buirrh. \cr odg ugh y ctrh jhmhhtrhvishrcg im pie`c y im erègic fim `è jdm y isocrzhfc Ehpdtèg, fi is emhriedfc Nh bdstrhfc, fimBrhgfi @cn jri fim \i rû. Hsî im pmcnc fi mcs jèr jh rcs y igvdfdcscs igi ndbcs heirtõ h fis trudrh ug tdinpc mcs fcs eigtrcs fi ugh vdfh thg pri edcsh, fis trczhgfc sherîmibhnig ti ugh ehji zhqui scmc pigshjh ig mh phtrdh y ug ecrhzõg qui scmc mhtîh pcr immh".

Ehstdmmh ecgsdbgõ ig im phrti yh nig edcghfc qui ri fhe thrh ig \hmeh Brhgfi, mhs sdbudigtisphmhjrhs; "Im Bigi rhmîsdnc Bh nh rrh gc `h nuir tc pcr ri sumthfc fi mh brhvi ì rdfh qui ri edjdõig mh phrti dgti rdcr fim `cnjrc fi ri e`c1 y h mh fdsthgedh fi edgeuig th phscs fi mh mîgih, ugsi bugfc jh mhzc ig im euimmc fim ndsnc mhfc, puis im bi gi rhm Jhmmdvdèg, su ohvcri edfc ig mh äpc-eh fi mh prcserdpedõg ig im \irû, oui im qui mi hrrhg eõ im ûmtdnc is thn jri fi su vd fh, qui sd gcsi mh qudsc shmvhr, hm nigcs si mi pufc y fi jdõ fdmhthr pcr ni fdc fi mh edrubîh".

Uibûg ug hrtîeumc fim bigi rhm Kcsä Muds Uhmnõg pu jmdehfc ig 8465 ecg thjh im bigi rhm KcsäNhguim \iriyrh (ecnjh tdigti ig Dgbhvd ecnc sujti gdigti ig im jhthmmõg \ugyèg) qui, fis puäsfi `h jir ri edjdfc ugh prdni rh ì rdfh, Bhnh rrh oui htigfdfc pcr mcs tigdigtis Orhgedsec FdizEhgsi ec y Nhguim Uhurd, qudigis mc fisncg thrcg fim ehjh mmc y mi dnprcvdshrcg ug hsdigtc ecgnc e`dmhs. Uigthfc hmmî, Bhnh rrh `hjrîh ri edjdfc ugh si bugfh y ncr thm ìrdfh.

@hedh 8025 ug ncrdjug fc ig ugh `h edigfh fi mh ecsth, ecgodõ h Nhguim Bcgzèmiz \rhfh ugsi eri tc sig shedcghm; äm, scmfhfc pi ruhgc, hsisdgõ h Bhnh rrh ig Dgbhvd ecnc vig bhgzh fi nhm-trhtcs fi euhr tim. Im fhtc, crhmnig ti trhsndtdfc pcr fcg Nh guim, oui riecbdfc fi nh gi rh dged-

fig thm ig mh jdcbrhoîh fi mh "Nhrdsehmh" pcr Hjrh`hn _hmfi mcnhr ig 8489 y ig mh fim ndsnc brhgphgomithrdc, pcr Muds Hmjir tc Uègeìz1 pi rc ni ri edõ mcs `cgcris fi ug mdjrc is pi edhm pujmdehfcpcr Hmorifc Bcg zèmiz \rhfh ig 8465 jh kc im tîtumc fi "Yg erdnig pir oietc".

H ohvcr fi mh tisds fim hsisdghtc gc `hy sdgc mh ecgoisdõg fi ug `cn jri eu yc gcn jri sidbgcrh, ì e`h nès fi tridg th høcs fis puäs fim hecgti edndig tc.

Im hutcr fim prisig ti mdjrc mh rioutõ ig 8469. Fispuäs fi ixh ndghr im hsugtc nès eudfhfc-shnig ti, ecg sdfi rh qui ig im isthfc he tuhm fi mcs ecgcedndig tcs ehji mmibhr, ecg cj kitdvdfhf,scmc h mhs sdbudigtis ecg emusdcgis; 8¼) Bhnh rrh, dgni fdhthnig ti hgtis fi mh jhthmmh c hm vir ceurrdfc ig mh prdni rh ohsi fi immh, istuvc risuimtc h nc rdr y gc dgtig tõ sdqudirh hjhgfc ghr im



EH\ÎVYMC :0 ◃ D Mh dgvhsdõg jcmdvdhgh igim sur fim \irû ◃ Im ecnjh ti fi Vhrhpheèy mhs jhmhs fim Gdøc Fdcs ◃ Ecn jh ti fiHmtcs fi E`d pi y ivheuhedõg fi Hrdeh y Vhegh ◃ Mhs buirrdmmhs ig \ugc ◃ Im ecnjh-ti fi Nc tcgd◃ Mcs tcrcs fi \c scecgd. Imecn jh ti fi Cru rdmmc◃ Im cni gh ki codedhmh \ugc y Ncqui buh pcr su hetuhedõgfu rhgti mh buirrh ecg Jcmdvdh◃ Im ikäredtcfi Gdi tc y Nig fdju ru ◃ \cr quä gc hvhg-zõ Jhmmdvdèg `hsth im Hpurînhe ◃ Ni fdh-

edõg fi E`dmi y mh guivh pcsdjdmdfhf fi mheisdõg fi Hrdeh h Jcmdvdh◃ Ecgoirig edh fi_dmqui ◃ Ecgoirig edh fi Hecrh. Vrhthfc fi\hz fi \u gc ◃ ³\cr quä mh phz fi \ugc3 ◃

\rc jminhs ec nir edhmis y trdju thrdcs quiim Vrhthfc fi \u gc fi kõ pigfdigtis ◃ DD Mcs prcjminhs fim bcjdirgc fi Ni gäg-

fiz ◃ Mh tigthtdvh ixphgsdcgdsth fi Omcrisscjri Gui vh Brhghfh ◃ Mh tigthtdvh fiOmcris phrh mh fishphrdedõg fim \irû.Zie`hzc fi E`dmi h isth oõrnu mh◃ Mh hyu-fh fi Omcris h Uhgth Eruz◃ Mh ixpi fdedõgHgbumc◃ Mcs pmhgis fi Uhg th Eruz phrhdgfu edr h Ieuhfcr y Ecmcnjdh h hthehr hm\i rû ◃ \mhgtihndig tc codedhm fi mh euis-tdõg fi mîndtis ecg im Ieuhfcr. Gi bcedh-edcgis Miõg-_hmfdvdisc ◃ Mh ixpi fdedõg@irei mmis◃ Mh pujmdehedõg fi mh eäfu mh fi

80<: y mh dgdedhedõg fim fijh ti \i ruhgc-Ieuhtcrdhgc ◃ Mh ndsdõg Fhsti ◃ Mh ndsdõgieuhtcrdhgh Ehrjc ig Jc mdvdh y mh ecgspd-rhedõg ig Mdnh ig kugdc fi 806: ◃ Mhorustrhfh ni fdhedõg e`dmigh ◃ Odg fi mhtig sdõg ecg im Ieuhfcr ig 806: ◃ Im sdbgd-odehfc fim 68 y fim 6: ig im \irû.


Q VCNC : ^



Q:0^EH\ÎVYMC

MHU BZH_IU HNIgHzHU FIUFI IM UuZ T FIUFI IM ECgVZH MH DgVIBZDFHF \IZuHgH Ig



:5< \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :0

Q D ^ H DG _HUDÕG JCMD _DHGH IG IM UYZ FIM \IZÛ.- Mcs jcmdvdhgcs dgvhfdircg \u gc, Vhegh,Hrdeh, Vhrhpheè y pcr nuy ecrtc tdin pc, Ncqui buh. Im prisdfigti Nigägfiz cp tõ pcr im ehndgcfi prc si budr mh buirrh y gc iseue`õ mcs ecgsi kcs phedodsths fi Nig fdju ru. @ujc ug dgsthgti igqui eri yõ Jhmmdvdèg qui _dvhgec, jhshfc ig mh hf i sdõg fi Hriqudph, si djh h prcemhnhr fdethfcrfi mh Zipûjmdeh suf-pi ruhgh dgfi pig fdigti, phrh fdvdfdr im \irû sdg vîgeumc oifi rhm y fi khr h Jcmd-vdh ig ri i gis Hrdeh, `hsth qui si hkusthrh im trhthfc fi odgdtdvc fi phz. _dvhgec ri `u sõ tcnhr thgvifhfc ehndgc phrh shtdsoheir su hn jdedõg.

IM ECNJHVI FI VHZH\HEÈ T MHU JHMHU FIM GDØC FDCU.- Yg fis thehnig tc Jc mdvdhgcmmibõ h Vhrhpheè, ehpdthm fi mh prcvdgedh fim ndsnc gcn jri, im : fi igi rc fi 806:. Is thjh h mhsõrfi gis fim ecrcgim Kcsä Nhrîh Bhreîh. Jh kc im ecnhg fc fim nh ycr Kuhg Juigfîh shmdõ fi Dqudquiugh ecmungh fi vc mugthrdcs h ecnjh tdrmc. Mh dgti brhjhg edufhfhgcs fim viedgfhrdc y indbrhfcsfi Vhegh. Ig im hthqui hm euhrtim jcmdvdhgc si ugdircg h Juig fîh nu e`cs vi edgcs fi Vhrhpheè. Mhmue`h fu rõ fi mhs cgei fi mh gce`i fim ? fi igi rc h mhs sditi fi mh nhøhgh fim fîh sdbudigti. Mhsnu gdedcgis fi mcs piruhgcs mmibhrcg h hbcthrsi. "\i rc mcs igtusdhsths edufhfhgcs (ixpri sõJuig fîh ig im phrti qui `d zc scjri is th kcrghfh) ecg im ristc fim viedgfhrdc, gc fdircg mubhr hqui si ix pi rdnig thrh isth giei sdfhf, puis immcs ndsncs fu rhgti im ecnjh ti si ceu phjhg igecgstrudr mcs phqui tis nu gdedcghfcs". Uibûg si fd kc, mh dnhbig vi gi rhfh fi mh dbmisdh mmibõ h sirougfdfh y fi immh prcvdgdircg mhs mmhnh fhs "jhmhs fim gdøc Fdcs" qui dgspdrhrcg ugh fi mhs trhfd-edcgis fi Zdehrfc \hmnh.

Im ecrcgim Bhreîh piriedõ ig mh mue`h. Xuifhrcg prdsdcgi rcs hmbugcs kiois y codedhmis y ugcseuhrig th scmfhfcs. Im hrnh nig tc ehpturhfc oui ri phrtdfc ig tri mcs viedgcs. Mcs jcmdvdhgcs gcdgtig thrcg hvhgzhr guivhnig ti sc jri Vhrhpheè.

ECNJHVI FI HMVCU FI E@D\I T I_H EYHEDÕG FI HZDEH T VHEGH.- Im prioietc fiNcqui buh, Nhguim fi Nigfdju ru, fdrdbdõ fisfi Eh ndhrh mh risdstig edh fi mcs puijmcs ig im dgti-rdcr fi Vhegh. Mhs phrtdfhs fi bui rrdmmhs nhgfhfhs pcr Kuhg Jhutdsth Zhncs y Nhguim Mhvhyigrie`hzhrcg ecg äxdtc, ig im mubhr mmhnh fc Hmtcs fi E`d pi, h ug fis thehnig tc jc mdvdhgc shmdfc fi

ish edufhf. Ui fdstdgbudircg ig is ti ig euig trc mcs indbrhfcs fi Vhegh igehji zhfcs pcr KcsäZcsh Hri (:9 fi fdedin jri fi 8068).Mhs buirrdmmhs fi Zhncs y Mhvhyig tuvdircg ctrhs isehrhnu zhs ecg mcs dgvhscris. Vcfh mh

ribdõg fi Uhnh qui fõ ig pc fir fi immhs. \cec fis puäs, sdg rimhedõg ecg fde`cs ecn jh tis, im 84fi oi jri rc, mcs jcmdvdhgcs fi sceuphrcg Hrdeh y im :8 fi oijri rc `dedircg mc ndsnc ig Vhegh, ecgfhøcs h mh prcpdifhf y ig mh pcjmhedõg y h ecsth fi gu ni rcshs fi siredcgis. Hm riphshr mh ecrfd-mmirh ecg nc tdvc fi mh dgndgig ti mmibhfh fi mhs trcphs piruhghs prcvigdigtis fim gcrti, si ecg-eig trhrcg ig im fiphrthnig tc fi \u gc.

Mh nhrdgh fi bui rrh ecgtrdju yõ h mcs äxdtcs fi mcs buirrdmmircs fi mh ecsth.

M



:5

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


MHU BYIZZDMMHU IG \YGC.- Ecnc im bruisc fim ikäredtc dgvhscr si is thedcgõ ig is tifi phrthnig tc, mh hetdvdfhf jä mdeh oui hmmî nhycr. Mcs hshmtcs h hvhgzhfhs y h phrtdfhs qui eun-pmîhg ecndsdcgis is pi edhmis, mhs rupturhs fi ecg vcyis, im oigõni gc fi mhs fisiredcgis (puisnu e`cs fi mcs prdsdcgi rcs ig mh jhthmmh fi Dgbhvd `hjîhg sdfc ig rcmhfcs ig im ikäredtc jc mdvdh-gc) si suei fdircg ecg orieuig edh. Kioi pcmîtdec y ndmdthr fim fiphrthnig tc oui im ecrcgim Zufi-

edgfc Jimtrèg. Igtri mcs kiois fi mhs buirrdmmhs istuvdircg E`c qui ehmmhth ig @uhgehgä, Nig fc-zh y mcs \dnig tim ig Mhnph, Ifuhrfc Mczh ig Eùe`dtc, Vcnès Dgohgtis ig mhs viedgfhfis fi\u gc. Hmbugcs fi mcs ehji edmmhs fi mh risdstig edh, ecnc E`c qui ehmmhth y Vcnès Dgohgtis, ouircgousdmhfcs pcr mcs jcmdvdhgcs.

IM ECNJHVI FI NCVCGD.- Ygc fi mcs igeuig trcs nès gc thjmis oui im qui tuvc mubhr ig imehn pc mmhnh fc Nc tcgd, sdtuhfc h ni fdh mibuh fi fdsthgedh fi \uehrè, ig ugh ispi edi fi trdèg-bumc ecg im piøõg fi ix trhcrfdghrdh hmturh sdtuhfc eir eh fi isi mubhr. Zufi edgfc Jimtrèg fdrdbdõpir scghmnig ti im :? fi fdedin jri fi 8068 im hthqui h ugh ecmungh fi cpi rhedcgis fim ikäredtcjc mdvdhgc qui is thjh hm nhgfc fim ecrcgim [htdzèjhm. Fispuäs fi fcs `c rhs y ni fdh fi mue`h, mcsjc mdvdhgcs oubhrcg fi khgfc gu ni rcscs prdsdcgi rcs y brhg ehgtdfhf fi hr nh nig tc. Ecg istinh ti rdhm si ocrnõ im ohnc sc jh thmmõg Nctcgd.

Jimtrèg ecgtõ ig is th kcrghfh ecg ouirzhs fi ehjh mmirîh y hrtdmmirîh ecnpuis th pcr buhrfdhsghedcghmis y mh kuvigtuf fi mh ribdõg crbhgdzhfhs si bûg mcs puijmcs h mcs qui pirti gi eîhg. Mcsviedgcs fi \u ehrè tuvdircg mh hetuhedõg nès fis thehfh.

Im rieuir fc fim ecn jh ti fi Nc tcgd pirfu rõ furhgti hmbûg tdin pc ig mh ribdõg. Kuhg Justh-nhg ti is erdjdõ ig ugh fi mhs pèbdghs fi su _dh ki hm _di kc Nugfc (8069); "Fi isi ndsnc trdugocvdigi im qui `hsth mhs nu kiris puehriøhs rieuirfig ecg uohgîh y fisvhgi edndig tc mhs ìrcdedfh-fis qui sus nh rdfcs y sus `d kcs fispmibhrcg ig hqui mmh jhthmmh1 `hjmhg fi immh ecg hncr ³quäfdbc ecg hncr3 … ecg ugh suirti fi fi mdrdc nuy mhufhjmi. Gd is ixtrhøc, puis tc qui immhs nds-nhs hyufhrcg hm trdugoc ceupègfc si ig `h eir ehrtue`cs, ecg fu edr hrnhs y nu gdedcgis fi jc ehy buirrh hm ndsnc ehn pc fi jh thmmh, ig im euhm istdnu mhjhg h mcs ecnjh tdigtis".

MCU VCZCU FI \CUCECGD. IM ECNJHVI FI CZYZDMMC.- \cr fcs vi eis phriedõ im ikäredtcjc mdvdhgc qui rir hvhgzhr scjri im Euzec fcg fi Uhg Zcnèg cr bhgdzhjh im ikäredtc pi ruhgc. Mhprdni rh oui h odgis fi igi rc y Uhg Zcnèg tc nõ mhs prcvdfig edhs giei shrdhs phrh ritdrhrsi y phshrhm rîc Hpurînhe. Mh sibugfh tuvc mubhr h odgis fi nhr zc y Uhg Zcnèg fdc mhs õrfi gis phrh quisus trcphs nhre`hrhg h Ecthjhn jhs. \i rc ig gdgbugh fi hn jhs cehsdcgis si prc fu kc mh coigsdvhis pi rhfh. Im 8¼ fi hjrdm, fisfi Udeuhgd, im ecnhg fhg ti bi gi rhm fi mh fdvdsdõg jcmdvdhgh fi vhgbuhr-fdh, Muds Mhrh, si fdrdbdõ hm bigi rhm piruhgc phrh ecnu gdehrmi mh mmibhfh hm sur fim gibcedhfcr fimh phz, Orhgedsec Khvdir Nhrdèti bud, kugtc ecg im ndgdstrc e`dmigc _ig turh Mhvhmmi, phrh prcpcgir ughrndstdedc y hgugedhr mh ritdrhfh fi mcs dgvhscris h Uhgth Zcsh. Isti pi fdfc gc oui heip thfc.

Ygh ecmungh jc mdvdhgh fi nès fi 5<< pmhzhs, qui `hjîh ceuphfc im puijmc fi Crurdmmc, ig

nhr e`h fi Mhnph h Cru rdmmc, oui hthehfh y vigedfh im 5 fi hjrdm pcr ouirzhs fi ehjh mmirîh i dgohg-ti rîh dgoirdcris ig gû ni rc, hm nhgfc fim ti gdigti ec rcgim \hjmc \dnig tim y fim ehpdtèg NhrdhgcNhei fc. Mmibhrcg h sir ehpturhfcs ec nc edig `cn jris fi trc ph, vhrdcs kiois y codedhmis, nès fiedig ousdmis y im iqudph ki fi mcs dgvhscris. Ig is th isehrhnu zh qui pri ei fdõ hm igeuig trc fi Cru-rdmmc si prcfu kc ugh isei gh pdgtcriseh, prcpdh fi ug euhfrc c fi ugh gc vimh, euhgfc ugcs tridg-th tcrcs jrhvcs fi mcs ohnc sîsdncs fi \c scecgd, hrrini tdircg ecgtrh mcs kdgi tis jc mdvdhgcs yecgtrh mcs dgohgtis pi ruhgcs.

Kcsä Ehsdndrc Ymmch `h hodrnh fc qui im ì e`c fi hr nhs fi Cru rdmmc tuvc fi edsdvh dgomuigedh igim äxdtc fi mhs gibcedhedcgis fi phz.

Q806: igirc :: ^

IM ECNJHVI FI

VHZH\HEÈ. Im siø Kuhg Juigfîh fh euih mh ghedõg fi mh vdetcrdh fim ecnjhtVhrhpheè ig mh ifdfim fîh :: fi igirc fiIm Ecniredc . Hmmî”(…) istcs puijmcs `hmmhg mdjris fi mdgeursdõg jcmdvdhehstdbhgfc isthhbrisdõg fi ughnhgirh ikinpmhr yisehrnigtègfcmcs pcmcs dgsumtcs, quisupdircg dgoirdrmi hjrdbc y pcsdtdvheirtdfunjri fi qui pirnhgieîhg ig ugisthfc dgirni (…)„.



:5:







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


UI oDZNH MH \Hz FIHECZH (\ugC) IgVZI\IZÛ T JCMD_DH.

EIUHg HUî MHU@CUVDMDFHFIU IgVZI

IUVCU FCU \HîUIU_IEDgCU. IM IKäZEDVC

JCMD_DHgC, quI@HJîH Dg_HFDFC

\ugC, VHEgH, HZDEH,VHZH\HE TNCquIBuH, IU

FIZZCVHFC \CZ IMIKäZEDVC \IZuHgC T

CJMDBHFC HZIVDZHZUI. JCMD_DH

UI ECN\ZCNIVDÕHFIN U H IgVZIBHZ

MCU ZIUVCU FIHBuUVîg BHNHZZH

HM \IZÛ.

2 KugDC806:

Qpirû ^

IM @CNIGH KI CODEDHM H \YGC T NCXYIBYH \CZ UY HEVYHEDÕG FYZHGVI MHBYIZZH ECG JCMD _DH.- Eimsc Nhei fc \hs tcr (h qudig fäji si ug is tufdc scjri mcs ecnjh tisfi Nc tcgd y Crurdmmc) mcs h mmhnh fc "pèbdghs ig jmhgec fi mh dstcrdh fim \irû". Ecg immc `h quirdfcsiøhmhr qui gc `hg riedjdfc fi mh pcsti rdfhf mh htigedõg qui ni rieig. Fi ji sir ri phrhfh thgdg kusth cndsdõg.

Gc oui phrec im `cni gh ki codedhm ecgtin pcrègic h mcs `ärcis fi mh risdstig edh ig 806:. Mcsvigei fc ris fi Nc tcgd y Crurdmmc riedjdi rcg ugh ni fhmmh qui mmivhjh mh dgserdpedõg; "H mcs fioigsc-ris fi mh Ghedõg ig im ìrcdec fi phrthnig tc fi \u gc". Ig ugh prcemhnh fdrdbdfh h mcs pugi øcs im80 fi nh yc fi 806: im bigi rhm ig kioi fim ikäredtc pi ruhgc, Mh Ouigti, mis fd kc hm heirsi ehrbc fisu ecnhg fc; "@hjäds ecn jh tdfc pcr mh dgfi pig fig edh fi mh phtrdh1 ghfdi pui fi fds puthrcs mh bmc-rdh fi vuistrh ì rcdeh risdstig edh. _uistrcs bi gi rcscs pi e`cs `hg su pmdfc mh ohmth fi iminig tcsphrh rie`hzhr hm igindbc1 ig vuistrhs hmnhs gc jmis `hjäds igecgtrhfc ri eurscs dgispi rhfcs".

Im fieri tc ixpi fdfc pcr Kuhg Jhutdsth fi Mhvhmmi, h gcnjri fim kioi fi mh ghedõg, Kuhg Erdsõs-tcnc Vcrrdec, im ? fi sitdin jri fi 806:, ecg fc gõ mh fiufh ixdstig ti ig mcs fiphrthnig tcs fi\u gc y Ncqui buh pcr mhs ecgtrdju edcgis fi pri fdcs rûstdecs y urjh gcs y suspig fdõ `hsth guivhcrfig im ecjrc fi immhs.

"\ir fdfc ehsd tcfc im ikäredtc y su hrnh nig tc (hodrnõ Ni gägfiz ig su nig sh ki hm Ecgbri sc fi8069), hbcthfc im phîs fi rieurscs, sin jrhfh mh ecgstir ghedõg y mh hmhrnh pcr ehsd tcfcs mcs ègbu-mcs fi mh Zipûjmdeh, im \irû hjrîh qui fhfc h nir eif fim vig ei fcr sdg im phtrdctdsnc y mcs isouirzcsfi mcs puijmcs fim sur qui, sdg nès hrjdtrdcs qui mcs qui sundgdstrhg im vhmcr fisispi rhfc, pu fdi-rcg ecgti gir isi tc rrigti fis jcr fhfc qui vi gîh h hrrhshr mh tdirrh fi guis trcs phfris. Mcs dnpri-scs, mcs phrtis pu jmdehfcs, qui sdg fufh `h jräds miîfc, cs `h jmhrèg ecg nès imc euigedh fi mc quipui fc h eir `cy. Mcs riecrrîh igtcgeis hf ndrhfc y ig tir gi edfc. Is th is mh cehsdõg fi riecnig fh-rcs ugcs edufhfhgcs qui pcr thg tcs tîtumcs scg heriifc ris h mh brhtdtuf ghedcghm y nirieig quimis hbèds ugh nhgdoisthedõg fdbgh fi vcs y fi sus ì rcdecs sherdodedcs. Immcs firrhnh rcg su shgbriy pirfdircg su ocrtugh1 y im ùärohgc y mh vdufh `h eig mh ni kcr pruijh fi qui tdi gi im \i rû `d kcsqui hnhg sc jri su vdfh im `cgcr y mh fde`h fi mh phtrdh".

Im rieuirfc fi mhs kcrghfhs fi fd edin jri fi 8068 y ec ndig zcs fi 806: fi tir ndgõ qui\u gc ri edjdi rh im tîtumc fi "_hmdigti, is ocrzhfc y mihm fiphrthnig tc" (fi eri tc mibdsmhtdvc fi :8fi ce tujri fi 8069). Hg tis `h jîhsi mi ecgoirdfc im fi "ji gi nä rdtc y ì rcdec" (miy fim 4 figcvdinjri fi 8054). Mh fistrueedõg y mh fiscmhedõg fim fiphrthnig tc fi \u gc hmehgzhrcg igis th äpceh ixtri ncs ph vcrcscs.

Mh ndsnh fi gcndghedõg fi "_hmdigti, is ocrzhfc y mihm fiphrthnig tc" y, pcr sdndmhris nc tdvcs,hsdbgõ im nigedcghfc fi eri tc mibdsmhtdvc fi :8 fi ce tujri fi 8069 hm fi Nc qui buh. Vhrhpheèocrnõ phr ti fi äm `hsth qui mh miy fi 8¼ fi fdedin jri fi 80?0 mc ecgvdrtdõ ig prcvdgedh mdtcrhm.

IM IKäZEDVC FI GDIVC T NIGFDJYZY.- Hphrti fim ikäredtc qui ig Euz ec crbhgdzõ UhgZcnèg y euyc nhg fc is tuvc muibc h ehrbc fi Mh Ouigti, ecnc si `h fd e`c, ocrnh rcg ctrc Nig-fdju ru y Gditc ig Vhegh y Ncqui buh ecg isehscs rieurscs. H Nigfdju ru si mmibõ h ugdr im iseuh-

frõg fi mh buhrfdh fi Jhmmdvdèg ecnpuis tc pcr ind brhfcs hrbig tdgcs qui si prc gugedõ ig Dmhvi im5< fi igi rc1 ig mh fisiredõg mmivõ sus ecrhzhs fi ec jri y sus ehjh mmcs fi tdrc. Mh sujmivhedõg fi fcsecn phøîhs fim jhthmmõg Hriqudph pirti gi edigti hm ikäredtc fi Gdi tc y su dgtig tc fi sh quihrNcqui buh im :2 fi nhrzc fi 806:, fdi rcg mubhr h mh ikieuedõg sunh rdh fi tris shrbig tcs, ugcjc mdvdhgc, ctrc pcrtubuäs y ctrc pi ruhgc.

\CZ XYä GC H_HG[Õ JHMMD _DÈG @HUVH IM H\YZÎNHE.- Im prdndtdvc pmhg jämdec fi Jh mmdvdèg h jîh sdfc tc nhr mh mîgih fim Hpurînhe1 pirc mh risdstig edh qui igecgtrõ ig Vhegh y \ugc y mcs



:5

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


hpristcs fi Nig fdju ru y Gditc fdstrh kircg ugh phrti fi sus ouir zhs. Euhgfc nès thr fi qudsc hnh-bhr im Euzec `h jîh eri edfc mh pu khgzh fi mcs phtrdcths fi \u gc1 y yh Nigfdju ru `hjîh crbhgdzhfcig Vhegh ugcs ndm `cnjris qui ù jdi rhg pcfdfc dgvhfdr im tirrdtcrdc jcmdvdhgc. Isti oui im brhgsirvdedc qui pristhrcg mhs trcphs fi Nig fdju ru sdg `hjir mmibhfc h ecn jh tdr.

NIFDHEDÕG FI E@DMI T MH GYI _H \CUDJDMDFHF FI MH EIUDÕG FI HZDEH H JCMD _DH.- Vhnpcec im ikäredtc fim Euzec mmibõ h ecn jh tdr ecgtrh mcs dgvhscris. Mh buirrh fi 8068 si `h jîhprcfu edfc rèpdfhnig ti sdg qui E`dmi tuvdirh tdinpc fi dn pi fdrmh, puis gc ndrhjh ecg sdnphtîh,ecnc fd ei im `dstcrdhfcr Ig edgh, qui Bhnh rrh `dedirh fis fi Mdnh mh kcrghfh qui Uhgth Eruz in prig-fdõ fis fi im Hmtdpmhgc. Ig fi oigsh fi mh dgti brdfhf fi Jc mdvdh y fi su mdjri ec nir edc pcr im puirtc fiEcjd kh, h mh viz qui figtrc fi mh dgsdstig edh phrh mh imdndghedõg fi Uhgth Eruz, coriedõ su nifdhedõg.Im \irû mh heiptõ ecg fcs ecg fdedcgis, od khfhs pcr im Ecg si kc fi Is thfc, h pi shr fi mh firrcth fi Dgbh-vd y sus dgni fdhths ecgsieuig edhs; qui im phîs ni fdhfcr fdi si bhrhgtîh fi qui Uhgth Eruz gc `hjîhfi vcmvir h bcjir ghr ig Jc mdvdh y qui mhs trcphs fi isi phîs ivh euhrhg privdhnig ti im tirrdtcrdc dgvh-fdfc. Im pmigdpctig edhrdc e`dmigc, _ig turh Mhvhmmi, si gibõ h heipthr mh prdni rh y vdh kõ h Hriqudph phrhscgfihr im ègdnc fi Jh mmdvdèg heireh fi mh sibugfh ecgfdedõg1 mh rispuis th oui gibhtdvh.

Ig tri mhs dgstrueedcgis ig vdhfhs h Mhvhmmi istuvc mh fi qui sd Jcmdvdh finhg fh jh im puirtcfi Hrdeh y corieîh ecnc pri edc ugh sunh fi fd gi rc, E`dmi pcfrîh heipthr ish su nh y, pcr mc thg-tc, mh trhgsoirig edh fi fc ndgdc fi hquim puirtc, h euigth fi mh ehg tdfhf qui im \i rû mi hfiufh-jh. Is tc `h sdfc ri vimhfc pcr Zdehrfc Ncg thgir Ji mmc ig su mdjrc Gibcedhedcgis fd pmcnè tdehsig tri E`dmi y \irû (8054-806?).

\hrh "dnpcgir" mh phz oui igvdhfc fi Uhg tdhbc fi Mdnh im ndgdstrc fi Zi mhedcgis Ix ti rdcrisZhnõg Muds Drhrrèzhvhm, ecg im pritixtc fi ug vdh ki pcr shmuf. Hm mmibhr, im ehgedmmir si igecgtrõ ecgqui, pcr odg, fispuäs fi ugh riu gdõg fi kiois ndmdthris y edvdmis ig Mdnh, im \irû `hjîh ri tdrhfc susfi nhg fhs pri vdhs y heei fdfc h gcn jrhr ug pmigdpctig edhrdc, phrh odrnhr im trhthfc ecg mh ecgfd-edõg fi qui gc ù jdi sig ei sdcgis ti rrdtcrdhmis y mh fi qui im ikäredtc jc mdvdhgc si ri tdrhrh hpighsouirh hprcjh fc im trhthfc.

ECGOIZIGEDH FI _DMXYI.- Im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc, hgtis fi hu tcrdzhr mhs gibcedhedcgis fi phz,fi edfdõ hvirdbuhr mhs ehushs qui cjmdbhjhg h jus ehrmh. Ygh ecndsdõg fi is ti cr bhgdsnc, dgti brhfhpcr Ji gdtc Mhsc y \hseuhm fim Ehstdmmc, pdfdõ qui fde`hs gi bcedhedcgis si `dedirhg h mh phr qui prc-sibuîhg mcs priphrhtdvcs jä mdecs, y qui si ixdbdirh mh fisceuphedõg dgni fdhth fim tirrdtcrdc y mhig tri bh fi mcs prdsdcgi rcs. Im Ecgsi kc hprcjõ mh prdni rh ecgfdedõg.

Im pmigdpctig edhrdc piruhgc oui Orhgedsec Khvdir Nhrdèti bud. Kugtc ecg Mhvhmmi phrtdõ hm sur. Mhvh-mmi oui gcnjrhfc nd gdstrc fi E`dmi hgti Jc mdvdh. Jhmmdvdèg gcnjrõ h @dmhrdõg Oirgègfiz. Mcs tris siriugdircg ig im puijmiedtc fi _dmqui, eir eh fi \u gc, im 4 fi nhyc fi 806:. Mcs fdpmcnè tdecs ig trh-rcg ig vdvcs fi jh tis. H mhs rierdndghedcgis y fdseumphs ecgi xhs ecg mh jrivi y tig sh `dstcrdh fihn jcs phîsis, si hbri bhrcg ti nhs pc mändecs inh ghfcs fi mh fdvirsdfhf fi dg ti risis ecnir edhmis.

Hfi nès, Nhrdèti bud pmhgtiõ pi rig tcrdhs finhg fhs scjri im phbc fi mcs bhstcs ioietuhfcs pcr im\i rû ig Jc mdvdh, furhgti mh Dgfi pig fig edh y fi phrti fi mcs bhstcs ioietuhfcs ig mhs ehnphøhs fiZisthurhedõg, ecnc sd mh jhthmmh fi Dgbhvd gc si ùjdi rh mdjrhfc1 y ixdbdõ mh finc mdedõg fi mh ecmun-gh ecgni nc rhtdvh fi ish jh thmmh qui Jhmmdvdèg hjîh nhg fhfc irdbdr ecg dgserdpedcgis khethgedcshs.Mhs ecgoirigedhs furhrcg `hsth im 89 fi nhyc.

ECGOIZIGEDH FI HECZH. VZHVHFC FI \H[ FI \Y GC.- Mhvhmmi cjtuvc im 9 fi kugdc ughig tri vdsth igtri mcs bigi rhmis Jhmmdvdèg y Mh Ouigti y mcs siøcris Oirgègfiz, Cmhøi th y Nhrdèti bud ig

H\HZVI FIMIKäZEDVC qIg EuzECCZBHgDzÕ UZCN g T EuTNHgFC IUVuMuIBC H EHFI MH ouIgVECNC UI @HFDE@C,

oCZNHZCg CNIgFDJuZuT gDIVC IgVHEgH TNCquIBuHECg IUEHUCZIEuZUCU.



:56







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


im puijmiedtc fi Hec rh. Mcs ndmdthris mmibhrcg h ug heuirfc qui mcs fdpmcnè tdecs gc `hjîhg pc fdfcioietuhr. Ig ugh gceì qui fhrcg risuimtcs mcs pugtcs fim trhthfc fi phz. Jh mmdvdèg si ecnprcni tdõ,pcr si phrhfc, sdg qui immc odburhsi ig im tixtc fim phetc, h crfi ghr qui ouirhg ritdrhfhs fi mh ecmun-gh irdbdfh ig Dgbhvd tcfhs mhs dgserdpedcgis coigsdvhs phrh im \irû y h fivcmvir im ehfè vir fi Bh nh rrh.

Im Vrhthfc fi \u gc ixpri sõ scni rhnig ti qui hn jcs ji mdbi rhgtis ecg vigîhg ig cmvdfhr phrh

sdinpri mcs nc tdvcs fi mh buirrh1 im Bcjdirgc fi Jc mdvdh si cjmdbõ h ivheuhr, ig ug pmhzc fi ce`cfîhs, im tirrdtcrdc ceuphfc1 hfi nès, qui fõ ei fdfc ri eîprcehnig ti euhmqudir fi rie`c h dgfin gdzh-edcgis pcr bhstcs fi bui rrh.

Mh odrnh fi is ti ecg vigdc si ioietuõ ig \u gc im 2 fi kugdc fi 806:.Uibûg Ni gägfiz ig su nig sh ki fi 8069, ig mcs kiois ndmdthris fim sur mmibõ h fcndghr mh dfih

fi gc prc sibudr mh buirrh. "Hgtis fi qui is th mmhrh ugh sifdedõg ig im ikäredtc (hodrnõ) oui gi ei shrdcpristhrsi h suserdjdr mcs trhthfcs…".

Jhmmdvdèg cjtuvc qui mh fisceuphedõg fim tirrdtcrdc dgvhfdfc si rih mdzhrh ig ugh oie`h pcsti rdcrh mh odrnh fim trhthfc1 y cjtuvc, hsdndsnc, im nhgti gdndig tc fi mh ecmungh fi Dgbhvd hugqui sdgsus phmhjrhs coigsdvhs, qui äm nhgfõ ri tdrhr pcr fi eri tc fh fc ig Ec e`hjhn jh im :9 fi kumdc fi806:, ig im qui hfinès, hutcrdzõ h igtri bhr mcs ristcs fi Bh nh rrh sd ecndsdcghfcs fim \i rû mcpi fîhg. Hm ndsnc tdin pc, qui fhrcg sdmigedhfcs mcs riemhncs iec gõndecs qui im \irû `heîh h Jcmd-vdh thgtc pcr mh fiufh ecg trhîfh fu rhgti mh buirrh fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh ecnc pcr mcs pir kudedcscehsdcghfcs pcr Uhgth Eruz.

³\CZ XYä MH \H[ FI \Y GC3.- Udg injhrbc, hmbugcs `dstcrdhfc ris jc mdvdhgcs ehmdodehg im Vrh-thfc fi \u gc ecnc ugh vdetcrdh fdpmcnè tdeh piruhgh. Jhmmdvdèg bhgõ mh buirrh1 pirc mi isehnc tih-rcg mh phz. Ui `h fde`c qui mh sdtuhedõg fim \irû irh thg nh mh ―ikäredtcs dnprcvdshfcs, ohmth fi ugbrhg kioi ndmdthr, oircz ioirviseig edh fi mhs oheedcgis pc mîtdehs fi jh kc fi mh phz pûjmdeh hphrig ti,erdsds iecgõndeh― qui Jhmmdvdèg ùjdi rh pcfdfc, sd gc prcsi budr su dgvhsdõg, hm nigcs rhfdehrsi igim tirrdtcrdc ecgqudsthfc. Mh eisdõg fi Hrdeh `hjîh sdfc ecg tin pmhfh pcr im Bcjdirgc fi E`d mi igsus dgstrueedcgis h Mhvhmmi, ecnc yh si `h dgfdehfc.

Im ehufdmmc jcmdvdhgc gc sdbudõ ish pcmîtdeh. Vigîh prdsh phrh vcmvir h Jcmdvdh h ecgscmdfhr su hutcrd-fhf fi jdmdthfh pcr mh husig edh, birnig fi gui vhs hnjdedcgis. Uu sdtuhedõg iecgõndeh irh nhmh.Jcmdvdh, isqudmnh fh pcr mhs buirrhs fi Uhgth Eruz y mh dgvhsdõg piruhgh, gc quirîh hvigturhs ixti rdc-ris. Jhmmdvdèg fisecgodhjh fi mhs vdedsdtufis fi mh bui rrh y shjîh qui mcs piruhgcs is thjhg mue`hgfcig su prcpdc tirrigc, gc sdg äxdtcs ni rdtcrdcs pcr mh heedõg ispcgtègih fi mcs puijmcs ig mcs fiphr-thnig tcs fi \u gc y Ncqui buh, h pishr fi qui im ikäredtc fi mîgih gc si `h jîh sdfc puis tc hûg igheedõg1 ndigtrhs qui mh nhrdgh, fui øh fi Ec jd kh y fi Hrdeh, pcfîh is thjmieir ug jmcquic hshz fhøc-sc. Yg bcmpi hf virsc fim hzhr mi `hrîh pirfir gc scmc im pristdbdc qui im bcmpi fi ocr tugh fi Dgbhvd mifi phrhrh sdgc, thn jdäg, im pcfir pc mîtdec qui irh su isig edhm priceuphedõg. Cseurhnig ti dgtuîh quimh fijdmdfhf fim \i rû irh trhgsdtcrdh1 qui gc ùjdi si pc fdfc Jc mdvdh sc kuzbhrmc c hnputhrmc pirnh-gig ti nig ti1 y qui ug trhthfc pru fig ti nhg ti gîh dgthetcs mcs mhurimis fi Dgbhvd y fispi khjh impcrvigdr. Hsî fiedfdõ, puis, huspdedhr ug trhthfc qui "ehg eimhrh tcfcs mcs pritixtcs phrh ugh guivh

bui rrh". Gc oui isi, sdg injhrbc, su pigshndig tc ig mcs høcs pcsti rdcris, ehsd dgni fdhthnig ti fis-puäs. Mc qui gc qudsc, gc pufc c gc su pc `h eir ecg im \irû ixhgbýi fi Ni gägfiz, mc dgtig tõ ecgim \irû ecgvhmiedigti fi Ehs tdmmh; siphrhr mhs prcvdgedhs fim mdtcrhm sur. T mc `dzc ig ndgûseumhs dgtrdbhsy gc ig is pie theumhris ehn phøhs, pcr mc euhm quifõ is ti pmhg ig mhs hmehgthrdmmhs fi mh `dstcrdh.

\ZC JMINHU ECNIZEDHMIU T VZDJYVHZDCU XYI IM VZHVHFC FI \Y GC FI KÕ \IG-FDIGVIU.- Ig su hrtîeumc 5¼ im Vrhthfc fi \u gc ixpri sõ qui mhs fcs phrtis ecg trhthgtis ri ecgceîhgim prdgedpdc fi mh mdjir thf y piroietc fi rie`c qui eh fh ugh fi immhs tigîh phrh hrribmhr sus miyis ods-

HM NCZDZ BHNHZZH,Uu _DEI\ZIUDFIgVINHguIM NIgägFIz

VCNH IM \CFIZ,\IZC MCU NDMDVHZIU

gC ZIECgCEIg UuHuVCZDFHF T Ig

IUVH oIE@HgCNJZHg ECNC

\ZIUDFIgVI HoZHgEDUEC FI _DFHM.\CZ CVZH \HZVI, IM

BIgIZHMEZDUÕUVCNC

VCZZDEC UI FIEMHZH KIoI Uu\ZINC. IM

\HîU UI FD_DFIIgVCgEIU Ig FCU

JHgFCU T IUVHMMHugH BuIZZH ED_M.

8:HBCUVC806:

Qpirû ^



MH DBMIUDH FI UHG MÈ[HZC. H nifdhfcs fim sdbmc PDP, mhs dbmisdhs irhg hfinès fi ug sdtdc fi hfcrhedõg, ug mubhr fiigeuigtrc y scjri tcfc, ug htrhetdvc phrh mcs ixtrhgkircs. Fi mhs 9? dbmisdhs y ecgvigtcs ecg qui ecgthjh mh edufhffi Mdnh, mh dbmisdh fi Uhg Mèzhrc fim Zînhe irh ugh fi mhs nès ohsedghgtis. Ougfhfh ig 89?5, ougbîh hfinès fi ocshecnûg, yh qui hmmî irhg igtirrhfcs mcs pcjris y nigfdbcs qui ncrîhg ig mhs ehmmis. Hquî vincs ugh octcbrhoîh fiIubigi Ecurrit qui nuistrh mh ehmmi qui fisinjceh ig mh dbmisdh (`cy kdrõg Vrukdmmc).




Im pcmîtdec mdniøchsundõ im \cfir

Ikieutdvc ig triscehsdcgis; ig 806<,

ndigtrhs im prisdfigtiBhnhrrh si igecgtrhjh

igoirnc1 ig 8068, trhsmh nuirti fi Bhnhrrh1

y ig 8066, euhgfctrdugoõ mh rivcmuedõg

igehjizhfh pcr Gditc yEhstdmmh. Vhnjd g ceupõmh prioieturh fi Mdnh y

mh \risdfigedh fimEcgsikc fi Isthfc.

NHGYIMNIGäGFI[(8245-8062)

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :0 :5?

ehmis y rimhedcgis fi ec nir edc ecnc ni kcr ecgvdgdirh h sus dgti risis1 isti ndsnc prdgedpdc sirvdrîhfi jh si euhgfc eri yisig cpcr tugc ei mijrhr ug trhthfc fi ec nir edc. Jcmdvdh fioigfdõ hquî im fieri-tc fh fc ig Mh \hz im :< fi oijri rc fi 806: qui sd budõ vdbig ti. Ecgsdbgõ is ti fi eritc, ig su phrtidgdedhm, qui gc `hjîh phetc hmbugc ixpmîedtc qui fi tir ndghrh mhs rimhedcgis fi ec nir edc igtri hn jcsphîsis, yh pcr `hjir eh fu ehfc im qui ixdstîh, yh pcr `hjir rc tc mh dgvhsdõg mcs vîgeumcs fi hndsthf.

\hrh ocnig tc fim puirtc fi Mh Nhr c Ecjd kh isthjmiedõ ug dnpuis tc fi 6<% h mcs ioietcs umtrhnh rd-gcs qui si dgtrcfu kirhg ig mh Zipûjmdeh pcr mhs orcgti rhs fi mh tdirrh1 ig euhgtc hm ecnir edc fi Ecjd- kh rhtdodeõ mcs firie`cs si øhmhfcs pcr mh miy fi 85 fi cetujri fi 806< y hbri bõ ctrhs ehrbhs trdju thrdhs.Hfi nès cr fi gõ qui mcs prcfue tcs fi mh dgfus trdh hbrîecmh y ohjrdm fi mcs Isthfcs vi edgcs phbhrhg ugbrhvhnig fi :<% hu nig thgfc im fi mcs vdgcs hm :9% y im fi mcs hbuhrfdigtis hm 5<%. Istcs hsugtcsecgtrdju yircg h mhs fdvirbig edhs igtri im \irû y Jcmdvdh qui si h`cgfhrcg ig 806? y 8062.

Q DD ^MCU \ZCJMINHU FIM BCJDIZGC FI NI GäGFI[.- Bhnh rrh usõ fi su dgomuigedh phrh mmivhrh mh \risdfig edh fim Ecgsi kc fi Is thfc, c sih h mh _deipri sdfig edh fi mh Zipûjmdeh, gc h ug ndmdthrsdgc h ug hbrdeumtcr, fcg Nhguim Nigägfiz. Hsundõ Ni gägfiz mh Kiohturh fim Isthfc euhgfcBhnh rrh in prig fdõ mh ehnphøh fi Jc mdvdh ig 8068. Uu bistdõg gc oui sujcr fdghfh c oubhz ecnc`hjîh sdfc mh fi sus hgti ei scris edvdmis ig im ikirededc dgti rdgc fim nhgfc su pri nc; Uhmhzhr y Jhquî- khgc, Ziyis, Vimmirîh, Ehnpcrrifcg fc. Mi tceõ horcgthr mhs ecgsieuig edhs fim fishstri ndmdthr fiDgbhvd y fi mh dgvhsdõg jcmdvdhgh ig im sur fim phîs y hsundr mh rispcgshjdmdfhf fi mhs bistdcgis fiphz. Im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc hu tcrdzõ mh prõrrcbh fi mhs imieedcgis pri sdfig edhmis1 pirc immh gc dnpdfdõqui oirnig thrhg hnjdedcgis, is pi rhgzhs i dgti risis ecg trhpuis tcs hmrifi fcr fi isi prc ei sc.Ni gägfiz ù jdi rh pcfdfc sir fi rrcehfc pcr im bigi rhm ig kioi fim ikäredtc, Mh Ouigti, hgti qudiggc ohmthrcg ecgsi kircs qui h immc mc dgfu kisig1 c hmbûg ctrc kioi ndmdthr jdig pufc dgtig thr mh ripi td-edõg fi mc qui ceurrdirh prdni rc ecg Uhmhzhr y Jhquî khgc ig 80:4 pcr cjrh fim prc pdc Mh Ouigti y,muibc, ig 8059, h ecgsi euig edh fi mh drrup edõg fi Uhmhvirry. Gc oui dbuhm mh sdtuhedõg igtri gc vdin-jri fi 8068 y kumdc fi 806:. Ig mhs pcstrdni rîhs fi isi pi rîcfc fi hph rig ti is thjdmdfhf pc mîtdeh pufcodrnhr si im trhthfc fi phz ecg Jc mdvdh.

\i rc Ni gägfiz tu vc ctrc nc tdvc fi si rdh priceuphedõg, hfinès fim ecgomdetc jä mdec ig im sury fi mh suei sdõg prisdfig edhm. Oui im qui cehsdcghrcg hm \irû Uhgth Eruz y mcs prcserdtcs pi ruhgcsig im Ieuhfcr y im prisdfigti fi ish Zi pûjmdeh, bigi rhm Kuhg Kcsä Omcris. Ecg im cj kitc fi fhr nh ycremhrdfhf h is ti hsugtc si `h ri sirvhfc ph rh im prisig ti ehpîtumc mh sirdi fi ì e`cs qui, ecg is trdetcsig tdfc erc gcmõbdec, ecrrispcgfi, ig phr ti, h ug pi rîcfc hg ti rdcr.

MH VIGVHVD _H IP\HGUDCGDUVH FI OMCZIU UCJZI GYI _H BZHGHFH.- Omcris irh ug ehu-fdmmc dgquditc qui hspdrhjh h ig shge`hr im tirrdtcrdc fim Isthfc qui nhg fhjh y qui äm `hjîh ecgstd-tudfc. Uu hoèg ixphgsdcgdsth si crdigtõ cstig sdjminig ti pcr im mhfc fi Gui vh Brhghfh. Fis puäs fidgtrdbhs y fi mue`hs ig trõ h \hstc ecnc ph edodehfcr ig si tdin jri fi 8068 gc sdg qui hg tis, ig is th

prcvdgedh, ecnc ig Vu qui rris, jrc thrhg, jh kc su dgspdrhedõg, fiemhrhedcgis fi hgi xdõg hm Ieuhfcr.\cr jri vi tdin pc phriedõ hnhbhr \cphyèg. Udg injhrbc, im Bcjdirgc gic brhghfdgc mcbrõ fi ti girish hni ghzh, `heirmi fivcmvir \hstc y mdqudfhr im siphrhtdsnc fi mh zcgh qui ù jdi rh pcfdfc sirhtrhîfh h mh õrjdth ieuhtcrdhgh.

Mh hvigturh gicbrhghfdgh fi Omcris dgti rish h mh `dstcrdh fim \irû pcrqui sdrvi phrh rivimhr sustig fig edhs ecnc bc jir ghgti y pcrqui ix pmdeh mcs nctdvcs ig mh fiedsdõg fi ecgeig trhrsi ig mcspmhgis phrh hvhgzhr `hedh im sur.

Mh prisig edh fi Uhgth Eruz y fi mcs finès ind brhfcs fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg sdrvdõ, sdg injhrbc,ecnc ug ix edthgti phrh Omcris. Igtri 806< y ni fdhfcs fi 806: ec nig zõ isti h fi odgdr migthnig ti,



:5

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


y ecg hmbughs dgtirndtig edhs y vhedmhedcgis, ug vhstc pmhg pcmîtdec euyhs ehrheti rîstdehs prdgedphmis,phrh im ncnig tc dgni fdhtc, ouircg mhs sdbudigtis; h) fis trudr hm \irû1 j) hyufhr hm ix prctie tcr y sushndbcs gc scmc ig su ehnphøh pirdcfîstdeh sdgc ig sus pmhgis suj virsdvcs ig im \irû y Jcmdvdh1 e)jus ehr mh hmdhgzh ecg E`dmi, sd immc irh pcsdjmi, y pmhgtihr im prcjminh fi mîndtis pi ruhgc-ieuh tcrdh-gc. Fis puäs fi mh jhthmmh fi Dgbhvd si hbribõ h ishs fdrietdvhs mh hmdhgzh ecg Jhmmdvdèg.

MH VIGVHVD _H FI OMCZIU \HZH MH FIUH\HZDEDÕG FIM \IZY. ZIE@H[C FI E@DMI H IUVH OÕZNYMH.- Omcris dgedtõ hm igehrbhfc fi gi bcedcs e`dmigc ig Xudtc phrh qui mhZipûjmdeh fim sur eccpi rhsi, ecg mh ouirzh sd irh giei shrdc, ig mh phrtdedõg fim \irû. Ygh sieedõgfi is ti ti rrdtcrdc fijîh sir hgi xhfh hm Ieuhfcr y mh ctrh fdvdfdfh ig fcs Is thfcs dgfi pig fdigtis.Gc scmc quirîh Omcris mhs prcvdgedhs fi Khäg y Nhyghs sdgc hfi nès, zc ghs hfdedcghmis ecncphbc fi ugh fiu fh. Mh ecnprcjh edõg fi is th oõrnu mh `èmmhsi ig mcs fceunig tcs crdbdghmisqui edthg Zdehrfc Ncg thgir Ji mmc ig su@dstcrdh fd pmcnè tdeh fi mh dgfi pigfig edh fi E`dmi y thn-jdäg Zcjirt. Z. Jurr ig Jy Zihscg cr Jy Ocrei (Ygdvirsdty co Ehmdocrgdh \riss, 84?2). Ecnc hr bu-nig tcs ohvcrhjmis isbrdndärcgsi mh ecgvdvigedh fi ugh fdstrdju edõg tirrdtcrdhm nès iqudthtdvhig im \heîodec sufhni rdehgc, mh sdtuhedõg ni gis ti rcsh fim Ieuhfcr y, hsdndsnc, im pimdbrc fi ughvhgei pi ruhgc scjri Euig eh y Buhyhqudm.

Mh Ehgedmmirîh e`dmigh rie`hzõ ecg oie`h 8< fi nhr zc fi 806< mh coirth fi fdvdfdr y fi nu tdmhrim \irû. Ucstuvc ig tcgeis mh tisds fi qui si buîh mh pcmîtdeh fi nhg ti gir imsthtus quc fi 8059.

Ui trhth fi ug ipdscfdc pcec fdvumbhfc. E`dmi shmvõ, ig isi nc nig tc, mh ugdfhf y mh phz fim\i rû. @i hquî ug fisnig tdfc rc tugfc h qudigis scs tdigig qui fd e`h Zipûjmdeh, mi khgh, `i rifi rhfi Hmnh brc, sdbudõ ugh mîgih ecgs thgti i dn pir turjh jmi ig ni gcsehjc fi mh qui, ig ugh ocrnh uctrh, èmmhsi vdgeumhfh dstõrdehnig ti ecg \dzhrrc. Emhrc is tè qui, hm ndsnc tdin pc, si cpu sc vdbc-rcshnig ti hm fisnin jrhndig tc fi Jc mdvdh pcr heedõg piruhgh c h ugh ugdodehedõg fim Hmtc y fimJh kc \irû inh ghfh fi isti.

MH HTYFH FI OMCZIU H UHGVH EZY[.- Mh ehnphøh pirdcfîstdeh fi Hgtcgdc Kcsä Drdshrrd igim pirdõfdec fi Buh yhqudmMh _irfhf Fis gufh (8054-806<) ecgtrh mh Zisthurhedõg ig im \irû y igJc mdvdh tuvc im hpcyc iec gõndec y ctrhs ohedmdfhfis fim Bcjdirgc fi Xudtc. Im ndgdstrc ieuhtcrdhgcig E`u qudsheh, bigi rhm \hmmhräs, scmdedtõ, ig vhgc, mh fivcmuedõg fi mcs jdigis fi Uhgth Eruz y mhei mijrhedõg fi ug trhthfc fi hmdhgzh hgtis fi mh dgvhsdõg piruhgh1 y phrtdedpõ hfi nès ig mcs nhgikcs sujvirsdvcs shgtheruedgcs hehufdmmhfcs pcr im bigi rhm Uijhs tdèg Hbrifh. \ri edshnig ti ignc nig tcs ig qui si thn jh mihjh im räbdnig fi Bh nh rrh, h ehush fi mh sujmivhedõg fi _dvhgec ig8068, gcnjrõ im Ieuhfcr h ug hgtdbuc ndgdstrc y ecgsi kirc fi Uhgth Eruz, Kuhg Bhreîh fim Zîc,eõgsum ig Zîc fi Khgidrc. Ig su vdh ki, Bhreîh fim Zîc si fituvc ig Mdnh ecg prc põsdtcs si eritcs ignhr zc fi 80681 y mh Ehgedmmirîh piruhgh mi gibõ im firie`c fi fi sin jhrehr, pcr mc euhm si susedtõug dgedfig ti. Uibûg ugh ehrth fi Uhgth Eruz h isti pir scgh ki, pujmdehfh pcr im ecrcgim Kchquîg Vcrrdec, ecnhg fhgti bi gi rhm fi \durh, "mh scnjrh fdhjõ mdeh fi E`dmi" ecgti gîh "hm khrfdgi rc (Omcris)

phrh gc mmivhr sus pmhgths h ug ni kcr nirehfc". Bhreîh fim Zîc tigîh im igehrbc fi fd sdphr ish scn-jrh y ig Uhgtdhbc pri tig fdõ, sdg äxdtc, qui im phîs crbhgdzhfcr fi mhs ehnphøhs fi Zis thurhedõgctcrbhsi hgti im hgtdbuc \rc tie tcr, sd gc prctie edõg, hm nigcs giu trhmdfhf ji gävcmh.

MH IP\I FDEDÕG HGBYMC.- Ig hjrdm fi 8068 mmibõ h sir crbhgdzhfh pcr Uhgth Eruz ugh dgvhsdõghm \irû igehji zhfh pcr Nhguim Hgbumc. Immh igecgtrõ im risphmfc fi mhs hutcrdfhfis fi Buh yhqudm,sd jdig im ehufdmmc jcmdvdhgc si qui kõ, ig su ecrrispcgfig edh ecg Zuodgc Euirvc nès hfi mhgti bmc-shfh ig im prisig ti ehpîtumc, fi qui `hjîhg ixdstdfc sc jri immh "riei mcs dgcpcrtugcs". Mcs ixpi fd-

BHNHZZHuUÕ FI UuDgoMuIgEDH\HZH MMI_HH MH\ZIUDFIgEDHFIM ECgUIKFI IUVHFC,C UIH H MH_DEI\ZIUDFI

FI MH ZI\ÛJMgC H ug NDMUDgC H ugHBZDEuMVCFCg NHguIMNIgägFIz.



IM FIJHVI \IZYHGC-IEYHVCZDHGC. Mh `dstcrdh fim mdtdbdc mdndtrcoi igtri \irû y Ieuhfcr tuvc ug `dtc dnpcrthgti ecgmh pujmdehedõg fim tixtc fi mh e fumh fi 80<: scjri Nhyghs ig im fdhrdcIm Ecniredc fim 5 fi nhrzc fi 806:. Isti`ie`c susedtõ ugh pcm ndeh dnprish igtri hnjcs phîsis. Hquî si hpriedh ugh pèbdgh fim hrtîeumc hgtis nigedcghfc.

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :0 :50




Im bigirhm vigizcmhtris vieis prisdfigti fiIeuhfcr (805<-8056,8054-8065 y 8065-8ecgspdrõ ig ecgtrh fi\irû ig 806<. Uusdgtigedcgis irhg mhs`heirsi fi ugh pcredõfim tirrdtcrdc piruhgqui ecnprigfîh mhs prcvdgedhs fi Kh gNhyghs. \hrh mcbrhrecnitdfc, gibcedõ ecgmh fdpmcnhedh e`dmeuhm rie`hzõ mh dfi

KYHG KCU(80<<-80?6)

edcghrdcs ouircg jh tdfcs ig \du rh ig nh yc fim ndsnc høc pcr ouir zhs hm nhgfc fim ecrcgim JhmthshrEhrhvifc, h pi shr fi su ri sdstig edh ig mhs ehmmis i dbmisdh nhtrdz. Im ehji edmmh dgvhscr mmibõ h sir ousd-mhfc ig \hd th im : fi kugdc ecg 85 dgfdvdfucs nès.

MCU \MHGIU FI UHGVH EZY[ \HZH DGFYEDZ H IEYHFCZ T ECMCNJDH H HVHEHZ IM\I ZÛ.- Mc qui `dzc Omcris h ohvcr fi Uhgth Eruz phriedõ pcec h isti. Im ix \rctie tcr scøhjh ecgugh heedõg coigsdvh gc scmc fim Ieuhfcr sdgc thn jdäg fi Ec mcnjdh ecgtrh im \irû. Immh ujdi rh tigd-fc ecg sdfi rhjmis ripir eusdcgis sc jri mh orcgti rh gcrti fi is ti phîs qui Uhgth Eruz si eudfõ fisi øhmhr phrh fis pir thr igtusdhsnc h edh mh inpri sh. Fi mhs vhsths nhqudghedcgis ig tcgeis i e`hs`hy hpi ghs pruijhs dgfdedhrdhs y ugcs euhgtcs y fdspir scs tis tdnc gdcs fdrietcs. Igtri is tcs ûmtdncssi ig euig trhg hmbughs ehrths ig im ipdstcmhrdc fi Zuodgc Euirvc. Ig mh fi :? fi nh yc fi 8068 fis-fi Buh yhqudm, Uhgth Eruz fispuäs fi nig edcghr, ecnc si `h fd e`c, mcs "riei mcs dgcpcrtugcs" fimprisdfigti ieuh tcrdhgc h prcpõsdtc fi mcs indbrhfcs qui hph riedircg ig \durh, hbribõ; "Ud im bigi-rhm Omcris qudsdirh hjhgfc ghr im gcrti ei fdigfc h mhs riomixdcgis qui si mi hg i e`c y vi gdrsi h is thphrti, ig ecgtrhrîh tcfhvîh mh cehsdõg nès `ir nc sh y ugh eccpi rhedõg nuy iodehz phrh rihmdzhr ughin pri sh fi brhgfis is pi rhgzhs, euhgfc ig hqui mmh gc puifi ecg thr ecg mcs vctcs gd mcs isouirzcsvcmugthrdcs fi pir scgh hmbugh".

\mhgis fi nh ycr igvirbhfu rh hphrieig ig mh ehrth igvdhfh pcr Uhgth Eruz h Euirvc im :4 fisi tdin jri fi 8068. "Mcs bc jdirgcs fim Ieuhfcr y Guivh Brhghfh (fd kc hmmî), qui `hg sdfc dbuhmnig-ti coig fdfcs pcr mh prctie edõg y huxdmdc qui Bhnh rrh `h pristhfc h Cjhg fc, gc fi jdi rhg fi sig-tig fir si fi ugh coig sh thg igcrni1 y ig mh oimdz cehsdõg fi is thr riugdfc ug ikäredtc tdin pc is fiixdbdr riphrhedcgis y fi ecg ti gir mh pirvirsh prcpig sdõg fi hquim `cnjri qui ehu sh mh dgqudituffi tc fcs sus vi edgcs". T fispuäs fi hmufdr h su fiedsdõg fi in jhrehrsi ig hqui mmcs fîhs, hbribõ;"Ecg isth ispi rhgzh y sdg qui ni ohmti mh fi qui ustif `h fi in pi øhrsi hetdvhnig ti ig dgemdghr hmcs bigi rhmis Omcris y Ncsqui rh h `heir mh ehnphøh ecgtrh Bhnh rrh ecnc is ecg vigdigti h mh trhg-qudmdfhf fi mhs Zipûjmdehs fim \heîodec…".

\MHGIHNDIGVC CODEDHM FI MH EYIUVDÕG FI MÎNDVIU ECG IM IEYHFCZ. GIBCEDH-EDCGIU MIÕG-_HMFD _DIUC.- Yg ehnjdc fi gc ths igtri mhs ehgedmmirîhs piruhgh y ecmcnjdhghoie`hfc ig 806< pmhgtiõ ug ecg omdetc gi thnig ti fdpmcnè tdec; im Ieuhfcr ec nig zõ h dgvcehr imtrhthfc fi 80:4 y im \i rû im fi 805:.

Ecnc fd kc im ndgdstrc E`hrûg ig mhs gibcedhedcgis fi hjrdm fi 806:; "Mh euistdõg fi mîndtisixdstîh fis fi nu e`c hg tis1 sdg injhrbc, im \irû gc `hjîh ri edjdfc nc tdvcs fi qui kh fim Ieuhfcr1prdgedpdõ h riedjdrmcs fisfi qui igi ndbcs fim \i rû si hsdmhrcg ig hquim phîs".

Euhgfc mh sdtuhedõg igtri im \irû y Jcmdvdh si hbrhvõ, h odgis fi 8068, phrtdõ ig cetujri h Xudtc,ig nd sdõg ispi edhm, fcg Nhtîhs Miõg. Oui igtcgeis, ig im dgsthgti pri edsc ig qui im \i rû giei sdthjhmh nèxdnh trhgqudmdfhf ig su orcgti rh gcrti, qui mh fdpmcnh edh ieuhtcrdhgh scmdedtõ, pcr prdni rh viz,pûjmdehnig ti, mh ridgti brhedõg fi Khäg y Nhyghs, ecg phrti fi mcs fi phrthnig tcs fi \du rh y Mh

Mdjir thf. Fceunig tcs scmc ig phrti pu jmdehfcs `hs th h`crh, finuis trhg qui Uhgth Eruz (hutcr,pcecs høcs hgtis, fi dgedthgtis prc ni shs hm Ieuhfcr h ehn jdc fi su giu trhmdfhf ig mh buirrh ecgE`dmi) gc oui hkigc h isth fi nhg fh.

Mhs gibcedhedcgis Miõg-_hmfdvdisc tuvdircg ugh sdbgdodehedõg `dstõrdeh pcrqui ig immhs si hmufdõh mh eäfu mh fi 80<:. Miõg fd kc qui "fisfi qui hjrdõ sus ckcs `h vdstc, cîfc y ig tig fdfc qui subcjdirgc (im fi Nhyghs) fi pig fîh fim vdrriy fim \irû y qui isti `h eîh mcs gcnjrhndig tcs dgti rdgcsndig trhs vigîhg mcs prcpdithrdcs fi mh Ecrti fi Nh frdf". Im ehgedmmir fim Ieuhfcr ri pusc qui "`hsth imtdin pc fim vdrriy nhrquäs fi Hvd mäs mcs vdrriyis fi Mdnh gc ti gîhg ecgcedndig tc hmbugc fi mh hfnd-gdstrhedõg y räbdnig fi mh prcvdgedh fi Nhyghs ig gdgbugc fi sus rhncs" (6 fi fd edin jri fi 806<).



:6<







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


Miõg dgvceõ thn jdäg im prdgedpdc fi mdjri fi tir ndghedõg y imutd pcssdfi tds pcsti rdcr h mhZipûjmdeh, ig rimhedõg ecg mcs tirrdtcrdcs fi Khäg y Nhyghs qui "`hg pir nh gi edfc ecn pc-gdigfc ugh ghedõg ecg im \irû, `hg tcnh fc phr ti ig sus fde`hs y hzhris, `hg ecgvigdfc, pcrûmtdnc, is su phe tc scedhm y…`hg ncstrhfc su hqudiseig edh phrh pirti gi eir hm \irû" (6 fifdedin jri fi 806<). Is fi edr, Miõg scstuvc mh tisds qui, ig isig edh, fiodigfig mcs piruhgcs

h`c rh origti hm Ieuhfcr.Hm fîh sdbudigti fi su mmibhfh im fdpmcnè tdec mdni øc tuvc cpcrtugdfhf fi trh thr ecg im prisd-figti Kuhg Kc sä Omcris. Isti, fi orig ti, mi pmhgtiõ im eunpmdndig tc fim trhthfc fi 80:4 ei mijrh fcecg mh Brhg Ecmcnjdh y nig edcgõ (ecnc dgsdstig ti nig ti `dedircg ig is th äpceh vcei rcs ieuh-tcrdhgcs) im ìe`c fi qui ig 8052 gc heip tõ su Bcjdirgc dr h ug trhthfc fi mîndtis hn pmdhnig tiohvcrhjmi h sus pritig sdcgis, coriedfc pcr mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh. Hm prisig thr sus pug-tcs fi vdsth, Miõg si jhsõ ig im trhthfc fi 805:, mmhnh fc "prcyietc" pcr mcs ieuhtcrdhgcs pcrqui,si bûg immcs, si ehg kihrcg mhs rhtdodehedcgis, ig ecg trhfdeedõg ecg mc hodrnh fc pcr im Bcjdirgcpi ruhgc. Vhnjdäg hfu kc qui pcr trhfdedõg shjîh qui mcs tirrdtcrdcs riemhnh fcs irhg pi ruhgcs,qui im trhthfc fi 80:4 gc od kõ mîndtis is pi eîodecs puis mc fi kõ hm erdti rdc fi ugh ecndsdõg euyhriugdõg gugeh mmibõ h ioietuhrsi y qui gc `h jîh sdfc odrnh fc ecg im Ieuhfcr.

Ctrc pugtc fi nhg fhfc pcr is ti phîs oui im phbc fi mh fiufh h mh Brhg Ecmcnjdh1 pirc imfi mîndtis ri edjdõ nh ycr htigedõg. Jrusehnig ti, im ndgdstrc fim Ieuhfcr, Kcsä Oimdx _hmfdvdisc,pmhgtiõ mh dgni fdhth fi vcmuedõg fi Nhyghs y Khäg. Gc oui ixtrhøh h isth fi nhg fh, si bûgMiõg, mh gctdedh fi mh jhthmmh fi Dgbhvd, qui dnpmdehjh im firrun ji fi mh dgvhsdõg piruhgh igJc mdvdh. _hmfdvdisc mmibõ h hni ghzhr ecg mh ceuphedõg fi ì e`c fim ti rrdtcrdc, h mc euhm Miõripusc fhg fc pcr ecg emudfhs mhs ecgoirig edhs (igirc fi 806:).

MH IP\I FDEDÕG @IZEIMMIU.- Uditi ni sis fis puäs fi mh ixpi fdedõg fi Hgbumc, hpighsprcfu edfc im fi shstri fi Dgbhvd, im 5< fi fdedin jri fi 8068, Kustc @irei mmis ecg ug brupc finès fi vidg ti kiois y codedhmis y ugcs edig `cnjris phr tdõ fim nhmieõg fi Buh yhqudm phrhfi sin jhr ehr ig Vunjis. Ui fd kc qui mcs scmfhfcs ig bhge`hfcs `h jîhg sdfc fi pcsdthfcs ig imecgvig tc fi Uhg Hbustîg, ecg mh hyu fh fi mcs ecndshrdcs fi jh rrdcs phrh riugdrmcs y `hjdägfc-si shehfc mhs nugdedcgis qui mmivhrcg fi mcs hmnh ei gis fim Isthfc. Omcris `h jîh vdh khfc fiXudtc h Buhyhqudm h prdgedpdcs fi fdedin jri.

Hugqui gc ohmthrcg ig tri mcs ixpi fdedcghrdcs kiois qui nh gdoisthrhg `hjir vdh khfc ph rhpcgir si h mhs õrfi gis fim Bcjdirgc ecg nc tdvc fi mh dgvhsdõg jcmdvdhgh, @irei mmis hmehgzõ hixpi fdr ugcs jhgfcs ig mcs qui si prcemhnõ "kioi supi rdcr fim gcrti" y ixù nõ mh ecgstdtu-edõg fi 8056. Isti ûmtdnc fi thmmi phri ei rhtdodehr h qudigis mc ecgsdfi rhrcg ig ri mhedõg ecgCrji bcsc nès qui ecg Uhgth Eruz. Vrcph supi rdcr ig gûni rc, hm nhgfc fim ecrcgim Kuhg KcsäHrrdith, hehjõ ecg mh ispi rhgzh fi mcs dgvhscris ig Vun jis. Hrrdith, ig viz fi jh tdrmcs, heiptõugh ehpdtumhedõg pcr mh euhm @irei mmis y sus ecnphøi rcs si ugdircg hm Bcjdirgc ghedcghm yri edjdi rcg mh prcni sh fi qui si mis phbhrîh nès fi 84 ndm piscs pcr vhmcr fi sus 4<< ousdmis,sus nu gdedcgis y su ecrrih ki (Eupushmè, eireh fi Hnc thpi, :4 fi igi rc). Mh jigdbgh hetdtuf

fi Hrrdith, herinig ti eig surhfh pcr im ecrcgim Kchquîg Vcrrdec, kioi fi mh prcvdgedh fi \durh,fdc mubhr h mh ocrnh edõg fi ug ecg si kc fi bui rrh qui mc hjscmvdõ1 im Bcjdirgc, sdg injhr bc,fis ecgcedõ im phetc.

Mh prisig edh fi Kchquîg Vcrrdec ig \durh ig is th äpceh oui ug dnpcrthgti ohetcr hm sirvdedcfi mh phz fi mh ribdõg. @irei mmis, qui `hjîh cj ti gdfc pir ndsc phrh vcmvir h Buhyhqudm, hphri edõpcec fis puäs ig Mdnh y oui tighznig ti pir si budfc. Dgtir vdgc ig mh ecgspdrhedõg fi kugdc fi806: nig edcghfh nès hfi mhgti.

Hgtis fi ri tdrhrsi fi Xudtc, im ndgdstrc Nhtîhs Miõg figugedõ fi nc fc codedhm mh hyufh quimhs hutcrdfhfis ieuh tcrdhghs `hjîhg fh fc h is th ixpi fdedõg.

(…) H\IgHU\ZCFuEDFC IM

FIUHUVZI FIDgBH_D, IM 5< FI

FDEDINJZI FI8068, KuUVC

@IZEIMMIU, ECgug BZu\C FI

N U FI _IDgVIKIoIU T CoDEDHMIU

T ugCU EDIg@CNJZIU \HZVDÕFIM NHMIEÕg FIBuHTHquDM \HZHFIUINJHZEHZ Ig

VuNJIU.



:6

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


MH \YJMDEHEDÕG FI MH EäFYMH FI 80<: T MH DGDEDHEDÕG FIM FIJHVI \I ZYHGC-IEYHVCZDHGC.- \c ec fis puäs fi ecg emudfhs mhs bistdcgis fi Miõg ig im Ieuhfcr, si prc fu kcug ì e`c fi brhg dn pcrthgedh ig mh `dstcrdh fim mdtdbdc piruhgc-ieuh tcrdhgc. Oui mh pujmdehedõgfi mh eäfu mh fi 80<: scjri Nhy ghs qui `dzc Im Ecnir edc fi Mdnh im 5 fi nhr zc fi 806:. Ig ugecnig thrdc hgixc, fi kõ ecgsthgedh isti pi rdõfdec qui Nh trhyh, im riecpdmhfcr fi mh mibdsmhedõg

is phøcmh scjri Hnä rdeh, mh `hjîh ix trhethfc ig mh pèbdgh 624 fi su cjrh Ncrhmdsth odmhmätdec hni-rdehgc y qui ixdstîh ugh ecpdh ig mh Uieri thrîh Hrzcjdsphm fi Mdnh, ig tc nc 4¼ fi rih mis eäfu mhs,h oc khs 84? y 5:4.

Yg nis fis puäs hphriedõ im ocmmitc fi 54 pè bdghs "Ecgtis thedõg fi ug ieuhtcrdhgc hm hrtîeu-mc dgsirtc ig Im Ecnir edc fi Mdnh gû ni rc 0:? dgtdtumhfc \i rû y Ieuhfcr" (Xudtc, hjrdm fi 806:. Dnprig th fim Bcjdirgc). Hsî si dgdedõ mh pcmändeh dnpri sh scjri mcs mîndtis fi hn jcs phî sis. Imocmmitc ecgti gîh mh heushedõg fi qui im bigi rhm gicbrhghfdgc Kcsä Nhrîh Cjhgfc, ind brhfcig tcgeis ig Mdnh, `h jîh sundgdstrhfc fh tcs h Im Ecnir edc. @heîh mh fioigsh fi Omcris (prcjh jmi-nig ti ecg hrbunig tcs subi rdfcs pcr äm ndsnc) y scs ti gîh qui tris vi eis `h jîh ri ù shfc trhsmh-fhrsi hm \irû; euhgfc Uhmhvirry mc mmhnõ, euhgfc ri edjdõ mh dgvdthedõg ig mh äpceh fi mh Ecgoifi-rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh y euhgfc im Bcjdirgc fi E`d mi mi coriedõ im nhgfc fi su ikär edtc. Hm ceuphr-si fi mh eäfu mh gibhjh qui ù jdi rh sdfc eun pmdfh y mh ecgsdfi rhjh "ugh ni rh tigthtdvh". Corieîhguni rcscs hrbunig tcs phrh fi oigfir im pugtc fi vdsth ieuhtcrdhgc, ni kcr fde`c, phrh ecgtrdjudrh erihrmc, hm mhfc fi mcs qui `h jîh hfu edfc im ehgedmmir _hmfdvdisc ig mhs gibcedhedcgis ecg Miõg.

Im Ecnir edc fi 8? fi nh yc rioutõ ixtig shnig ti isi oc mmitc y vcmvdõ h riprcfu edr mh eäfu mh.Hmufdõ hm dgeig fdc fim \hmhedc fi Bcjdirgc fi Mdnh ig im qui si qui nh rcg nu e`cs phpi miscodedhmis1 pirc rivimõ qui immh ixdstîh ig ugc fi mcs ikin pmhris crdbdghmis fdrdbdfcs hm vdrriy, ig im Vrdju ghm Nhycr fi Euig ths, tcnc 9¼, pèbdgh 854. Vhnjdäg isthjhg ig mhs ndsnhs codedghs (fd kc),im ixpi fdigti qui si ocr nõ h ecg si euig edh fim eûnpmhsi ix pi fdfc pcr im vdrriy nhrquäs fiHvdmäs, im dgocrni qui ig vdõ h isti ougedcghrdc Fdibc Ehmvc, bcjir ghfcr fi Nhy ghs, ig Kivircsim 8? fi kugdc fi 80<9 phrh pcgir ig iki euedõg fde`h eäfu mh y guni rcscs fc eunig tcs heirehfi mcs sheir fc tis fi Cec ph qui, ig eun pmdndig tc fi immh, phshrcg h ceuphrsi fi mcs puijmcsfi mh ribdõg. Mh eäfu mh ecg ctrcs fceunig tcs fi immh firdvhfcs, si buhrfh jh thn jdäg ig imhre`dvc fim ecgvig tc fi Cec ph, trhsmhfhfc h Mdnh.

Ctrc hrtîeumc fiIm Ecnir edc, im 80 fi nhyc, dgsdstdõ ig mh riouthedõg fim ocmmitc fi Xudtc.Ig mh prcvdgedh fi Nhyghs odrnè rcgsi, ig nh yc fi 806:, he ths qui rihodrnh rcg mh vcmugthf

pcpumhr fi pirti gi eir hm \irû.

MH NDUDÕG FHUVI.- H odgis fi nhr zc fi 806: mmibõ h Mdnh im pmigdpctig edhrdc ieuhtcrdhgcJir ghrfc Fhs ti. Is ti gcn jrhndig tc si dgtir pri tõ ecnc ug bis tc ghfh huspdedcsc, yh quipufc `h jir sdfc is ecbdfc Kcsä Kchquîg Cmni fc. Hgtis fi hjrdr mhs gibcedhedcgis im guivcfdpmcnè tdec, qui gc irh pcr su ghedndig tc edufhfhgc fim Ieuhfcr, ri emhnõ ecg trh mcs tärndgcsfi ug hr tîeumc ifdtcrdhm fim fdhrdcIm \iruhgc. Mh prdni rh ecgoirig edh ecg im ndgdstrc fi Zi mhedc-gis Ix ti rdcris, Hbustîg Budmmirnc E`h rûg, tuvc mubhr im 85 fi hjrdm. Ixpusc im siøcr Fhsti qui

im trhthfc si rîh ohedmdthfc sd im Bcjdirgc pi ruhgc si hmmhghjh h fhr shtdsoheedcgis hm Ieuhfcr igmcs sdbudigtis pug tcs; 8) Fispc kc fi su ecrrispcgfig edh hm igehrbhfc fi gi bcedcs fim Ieuhfcrig Jc mdvdh, Ehrjc, h su phsc pcr Mdnh, hsugtc fim qui si trhth ig si budfh1 :) Ecgfue th cj sirvh-fh pcr im ndgdstrc Miõg ig Xudtc1 5) Coigshs ig im pirdõfdec codedhm fi Mdnh im 5< fi nhrzcûmtdnc1 6) \i tdedõg ìe`h hm Ecgsi kc fi Is thfc fi ugh hu tcrdzhedõg phrh im hunig tc fim ikäred-tc y phrh mh buirrh ecg im Ieuhfcr1 9) Ecnu gdehedcgis scrprig fdfhs hm bigi rhm ecmcnjdhgcCjhg fc qui nh gdoisthjhg ecg gdvigedhs fi äm ecg im bigi rhm Bhnh rrh. \irc, muibc, ehn jdõFhsti mcs tärndgcs fi su ri emhnc y tir ndgõ pcr ixdbdr mh fivcmuedõg dgni fdhth fi Khäg y fiNhyghs. E`hrûg si gi bõ h fdseutdr heireh fi ug ti rrdtcrdc "fim qui mh ghedõg si igeuig trh ig

Q806: nhrzc 5 ^

IM FIJHVI

\IZYHGC-IEYHVCYg ixtigsc fijhti simmivõ h ehjc igtri i\irû y Ieuhfcr scjri mmîndtis igtri hnjcs phîsis. Ig mh ifdedõ5 fi nhrzc fi 806:, imfdhrdc Im Ecniredc hm rispietc; ”\hriei ug fistdgc ohthm tdiecgfighfc hm \irû h vdvdr ig phz1 ughsguistrcs prcpdcs irrc y ctrhs mh hnjdedõguistrcs viedgcs, `hequi `hsth h`crh gc pcfhncs scmthr mhfi mh nhgc„.



:6:







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


hgtdbuh pcsi sdõg y euycs `hjdthgtis `h eig phrti fi mh hscedhedõg piruhgh y `hg ecgtrdjudfch mcs hetcs ecgstdtutdvcs fi isth" (gc th fim :: fi hjrdm fi 806:). Im pmigdpctig edhrdc ieuhtcrdh-gc si ri tdrõ fim \irû.

MH NDUDÕG IEYHVCZDHGH EHZJC IG JC MD _DH T MH ECGU\DZHEDÕG IG MDNH IG KYGDC FI 806:.- Omcris ig vdõ ecnc pmigdpctig edhrdc ieuhtcrdhgc hgti im Bcjdirgc fi Jc mdvdhhm fdpmcnè tdec \i frc Ehrjc. Hrrdjõ hm Ehmmhc im ? fi igirc im jhrec qui ecg fu eîh h Ehrjc y hmphshr isti pcr mh hfuhgh, ug in pmihfc mi qudtõ mh ecrrispcgfig edh qui mmivhjh. Im dgedfig tisusedtõ mh prctis th fdpmcnè tdeh fim Bcjdirgc fim Ieuhfcr1 pirc si hodrnõ qui im fim \i rû pufcig ti rhrsi pcr is ti ni fdc fi mcs prcpõsdtcs fi Omcris fi jus ehr mh hmdhgzh ecg Jhmmdvdèg. Hm phshrpcr E`dmi dgtig tõ Ehrjc qui si ri tdrhsi mh gibhtdvh phrh heipthr h Bhreîh fim Zîc ecnc pmigdpc-tig edhrdc, sdg ecgsi budrmc. Euhgfc mmibõ h Jcmdvdh, si isocrzõ ig is thjmieir ecg thetc gc ecg imBcjdirgc qui is thjh ig ougedcgis sdgc ecg im ndsnc Jh mmdvdèg, igtcgeis ig ehn phøh. Ehrjcgc pufc dn pi fdr qui Jhmmdvdèg si fiedfdirh h ohvcr fi mh phz ecg im \irû.

Ygh ecgspdrhedõg ndmdthr oui fiseujdir th ig Mdnh im 9 fi kugdc fi 806:. Ig immh phrtdedpõecnc hzu zhfcr Kustc @irei mmis. Im Ecgsi kc fi Codedhmis Bigi rhmis ecgfi gõ h nuir ti hm ehpdtègEustcfdc Ispdgczh y hm sujti gdigti Kcsä Nhguim Hjhgtc i dn pusc mh pigh fi prdsdõg h ctrcscodedhmis. Hjhgtc oui ikieuthfc ig mh pmhzh Uhgth Ehthmdgh. Ispdgczh gc ecrrdõ mh ndsnh suir tipcrqui hgugedõ qui `hrîh hnpmdhs fiemhrhedcgis. Hugqui immhs gc nigedcghrhg mh phrtdedph-edõg ixtrhg kirh, si fd kc qui Omcris is pi rhjh is ti nc tîg phrh dgtir vigdr ig im \irû.

MH OZYUVZHFH NIFDHEDÕG [email protected] Im ndgdstrc fi Zi mhedcgis Ix ti rdcris fim \i rû, Kcsä_dmmh, suei scr fi E`h rûg ig ish ehrti rh furhgti im bcjdirgc fi Ni gägfiz, nh gdoistõ h _igturhMhvhmmi, pmigdpctig edhrdc fi E`dmi, qui virîh ecg sdn phtîh mh nifdhedõg fi isi phîs ig im ecg-omdetc ecg im Ieuhfcr. Mhvhmmi, sdg ispi rhr dgstrueedcgis, coriedõ mcs juigcs codedcs fi su Bcjdir-gc. Ig mhs igtri vdsths qui tuvc ecg _dmmh, isti mi nhgdoistõ qui im tîtumc fim \irû h Khäg si fird-vhjh ûgdehnig ti fi mh buirrh fi Dgfi pig fig edh1 pirc hbribõ "qui rispie tc fi mh prcvdgedh fiNhyghs, hquim Bcjdirgc (im Ieuhfcr) ehri ei fi tc fc fi ri e`c ph rh riemhnhr mh pcrqui is ecgs-thgti qui fis fi im høc fi 80<: c euhgfc nès thr fi fis fi 80<6, oui hbribhfh pcr ugh rihmeäfu mh hm _drridghtc fim \i rû, `hjdägfc si irdbdfc ig immh ug cjdsphfc" (codedc fi Mhvhmmi h suehgedmmirîh im 6 fi hbcstc fi 806:). Im Bcjdirgc pi ruhgc heip tõ dgni fdhthnig ti mcs juigcscodedcs1 pirc mh Ehgedmmirîh fi Uhgtdhbc gc rhtdodeõ im coriedndig tc fi Mhvhmmi. @hg sdfc fh fcsecnc nc tdvcs phrh isth hetdtuf pris edgfig ti mh dgisthjmi sdtuhedõg pcmîtdeh piruhgh, mh hgti rdcrgi bhtdvh e`dmigh h mcs juigcs codedcs prcpuis tcs pcr im Ieuhfcr ig mh äpceh fi mh buirrh ecgtrhmh Ecgoifi rhedõg y mh dgti rrupedõg qui, ig iscs nc nig tcs, ixdstîh ig mhs rimhedcgis fdpmcnè td-ehs igtri Uhgtdhbc y Xudtc, pcr `hjir sdfc ri e`hzhfc pcr hqui mmh Ehgedmmirîh im igehrbhfc figi bcedcs Kuhg Bhreîh fim Zîc gcnjrh fc pcr isth. Im ipd scfdc cstig th im dgti räs fi pri sig thr hmh fdpmcnh edh piruhgh jusehgfc ugh sc muedõg pheîodeh phrh im ecgomdetc y isbrdndig fc ec nc

tîtumc kurîfdec hgti im prisugtc ni fdhfcr mh eäfu mh fi 80<:, ecg mh euhm utdmdzõ im hrbunig tcougfhnig thm hmufdfc pcr Nh tîhs Miõg ig Xudtc ig 806< y fdvumbhfc ig Im Ecnir edc ig 806:.

ODG FI MH VIGUDÕG ECG IM IEYHFCZ IG 806:.- Im trhthfc fi phz ig tri im \irû y Jcmdvdhoui, siburhnig ti, im ohetcr nès dn pcrthgti ph rh qui ei shrh mh tigsdõg igtri im \irû y im Ieuh-fcr h phrtdr fi kugdc fi 806:. Hugqui rcîfc pcr mhs fdsecrfdhs dgtir ghs, hquim phîs si `hjîhocrthmiedfc. Ctrhs edreugsthgedhs thnjdäg dgomuyircg. Mhs ixpi fdedcgis fi mcs indbrhfcs y mhsecgspdrhedcgis dgtir ghs rimhedcghfhs ecg immcs si `hjîhg orustrhfc. Mcs huxdmdcs pifdfcs h Gui-

IM VZHVHFC FI\Hz IgVZI IM

\IZÛ T JCMD_DHouI,

UIBuZHNIgVI, IMoHEVCZ N UDN\CZVHgVI

\HZH quI EIUHZHMH VIgUDÕg

IgVZI IM \IZÛ T

IM IEuHFCZ H\HZVDZ FI KugDC

FI 806:.




Im pigshfcr y pirdcfecmcnjdhgc sifisinpiøõ ecnc eõgsuieuhtcrdhgc ig Zîc fi Khgidrc (Jrhsdm) h prdgedpdcs fi 8068. Hmdhfc fi Uhgth ErFim Zîc phsõ pcr Mdmh Ehgedmmirîh migtrhfh, mc euhm fijhug nès mhs rimhedecg im Ieuhfcr. Mhndsdõg fi Bhreîh fimthnjd g mc mmivõ hfcgfi dgtigtõ, sdg xrieupirhr mh dnhbig ix prisdfigti jcmdvdh

KYHG BHZE(8246-809?)

vh Brhghfh gc ouircg ctcrbhfcs. Im Ieuhfcr is thjh ig tcgeis nuy pc jri. Gc qui rîh mh buirrh.Mh cpcsdedõg dgtir gh irh nuy hetdvh1 ug ixpcgig ti fi immh oui im ocmmitc qui ugcs is erdtcris fiEuigeh `dedircg dnprdndr ig Xudtc, tdtumhfc "Mh cpdgdõg fi mcs ieuhtcrdhgcs" , ig im qui, hm mhfcfi erî tdehs y heushedcgis h Omcris, hphri edõ ugh kustdodehedõg fi mh hetdtuf fim \i rû hm gc odrnhrug trhthfc ecg im hmdhfc fi Uhg th Eruz. Gc ohmthrcg thn pcec, eireh fim bcjir ghgti ieuh tcrdhgc,

ecgsi kircs prufig tis.Mh euistdõg igtri mcs fcs phîsis gc vcmvdõ h fijh tdrsi fu rhgti nu e`cs høcs.

IM UDBGDODEHFC FIM 68 T FIM 6: IG IM \IZÛ.- Hsî ecnc mh dgfi pig fig edh fi kõ ug \irûhn puthfc, y im risumthfc fi mh buirrh fi 80:4 oui ecgscmdfhr fi `i e`c mcs mîndtis fim gcrti, imigdbnh fi mcs høcs sdbudigtis `hs th 8054 `hjîh sdfc ec nc vh rdhs vieis si `h fd e`c ig is timdjrc ri scmvir im fistdgc fim Hmtc y fim Jh kc \irû. \i rc euhgfc mhs mue`hs susedthfhs ecg is tiûmtdnc nc tdvc si ecgvdrtdircg ig ugh tri nig fh ecg vumsdõg, ecrrdõ pimdbrc mh ixdstig edh ndsnhfim \i rû y pufc vdsmunjrhrsi mh hnighzh fi qui su ordirh ugh suirti hgèmcbh h mh fi HnärdehEig trhm, hm pumvirdzhrsi ig ig tdfhfis fd ndguths c qui pir fdirh vhsths ribdcgis fi su ti rrdtcrdc.Edreugsthgedhs ecdgedfig tis y qui, pcr isc, gc pui fig sir eh mdodehfhs ecnc eh prde`cs fim hzhr,`dedircg prdni rc qui Uhg th Eruz, ig su eigdt pcmîtdec, cpthsi pcr ug \i rû nès brhgfi1 muibc―euhgfc ei fdõ h mh tigthedõg edsdcgdsth― qui ouirh fi nh sdhfc thr fi1 y pcr ûmtdnc qui E`d mi gcsi eugfhsi thg prctir vcs pmhgis.

Zisthurhfc im \i rû ig 8054, si mhgzõ h mh inpri sh fi hvhshmmhr h Jcmdvdh, sdg mcbrhr mh vdetcrdh.Im bcmpi fi ocr tugh qui hrrc kõ pcr sibugfh viz h mcs scmfhfcs jc mdvdhgcs hm sui mc piruhgc ig8068, ugdfc h mhs hsie`hgzhs fi Uhgth Eruz fisfi im Ieuhfcr, h mhs hvdfi eis fi Omcris, h mh hghr-quîh dgtir gh pi ruhgh y h mh ecnpmdedfhf fi E`d mi c fi Ecmcnjdh, pufc fi sdgti brhr c hnputhrhm \irû. \cr isc, ehji mmhnhr h mcs høcs fi 8068 ig su pcstrir jdnis tri y fi 806:, høcs fi pi md-brc thg brhvi ecnc im fi mcs høcs fi 805? y 8050. Gc ouircg im istruig fc fi ugh brhg jh thmmh,gd im pristdbdc fi ug brhg ehufdmmc, gd mh prisdõg fi ugh brhg pctig edh ixtrhg kirh, mcs qui shmvh-rcg hm \irû ig 8068 y 806:. Oui ug `ie`c dgnh gig ti; im rispi tc tèedtc h ugh phtrdh `dstõrdeh, hsu vdi kh y rdeh trhfdedõg, h su dgnig sh pctig edhmdfhf, ugdfc h mh oubhz y hphrig ti ugdõg ghedcghm,mcbrhfh fis puäs fi mh nuirti fi Bh nh rrh.



EH\ÎVYMC :4 ◃ D ³Oui im \irû fis puäsfi mh Dgfi pig fig edh ug ecg kugtc fihre`dpdämhbcs3 ³Xudägis tc nh rcg impcfir3


Q VCNC : ^



Q:4^EH\ÎVYMC

HuVCgCNîH T \CFIZIg MH DgDEDHEDÕg FI MH ZI\Û



:6? \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 5<

Q D ^òOYI IM \IZÛ FIU\YäU FI MH DG FI\IG FIGEDH YG ECG KYGVC FI HZE@D\DäMH-BCU3 ³XYDäGIU VCNHZCG IM \CFIZ3.- Im scedõmcbc orhgeäs @igry Ohvri `h hsi vi rhfcqui, hm ecgemudr mh buirrh fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh, im \i rû si fisdgti brh, si ecgvdirti ig ugh si rdifi hr e`dpdämhbcs fis ecgie thfcs ig tri sî y qui mcs bcjir ghgtis fi Mdnh gc dgomuyig sdgc scjrimh ehpdthm y mh zcghs eirehghs h immh.

Im hgèmdsds scni rc fim prcei sc dgdedhfc hm ehir im räbdnig jc mdvdhgc ig 80:2 fis ndig ti fde`hti sds qui hmbugcs, priedpdthfhnig ti y sdg istufdhr im hsugtc, `hg hecbdfc ecg ji gi pmèedtc. Vrcphsvigdfhs fim sur phrtdedphg, h pishr fi tc fc, ig mh ehnphøh ecgtrh Ecmcnjdh, phrh mc euhm vdh kh imprisdfigti Mh Nhr hsth \durh y fisfi hmmî dgvhfi hm viedgc fim gcrti. Bhnh rrh isthjmiei, ig tri 80:4y 8055, ug räbdnig ec ì sdcghfc ig tc fh mh Zipûjmdeh, qui si ehrheti rdzh pcr mh mihmthf fi mcs pri-oietcs fi phrthnig thmis1 y mhs guni rcshs tigthtdvhs phrh fi rrcehrmc gc tdigig äxdtc. Im \risdfig timmibh h vdh khr fcs vieis pcr tdirrh hsth im ixtri nc sur, Uhmhvirry si sujmivh sdg äxdtc ig mh zcgh igtriE`he`hpcyhs y Vru kdmmc. Im fim Euzec ig 805< y im fi Hyh eue`c ig 8055 scg ikin pmcs fi ctrcs nc td-gis fi ji mhfcs. Udg injhrbc, mh ehnphøh fi mcs pirdõfdecs y fis fi im Ecgbri sc, fi kh sigtdr vhsth-nig ti sus ioie tcs ig 8055, h pishr fi mh fdodeumthf ig mhs ecnu gdehedcgis. Mcs dnpri scs fi Hri qud-ph y Euzec, cstig thg ugh ivdfig ti ri mhedõg ecg mhs ecrrdigtis phrtdfdsths i dfic mõbdehs qui siig origthg, mhs ughs ecgtrh mhs ctrhs, isi høc y ig 8056, ig Mdnh. Mh buirrh edvdm fi 8056 tdigi trisorigtis, ig im eigtrc, ig im gcrti y ig im sur. Im prisdfigti Crji bcsc, tirndghfh fde`h ecgtdigfh,vdh kh pcr tdirrh, ecnc hg tis Bhnh rrh, ig migth nhre`h, hsth im ixtri nc ni rdfdcghm fim phîs1 im rimh-tc ndguedcsc fi su hvig tu rh, puijmc pcr puijmc, fi Mdnh h Hriqudph, oui iserdtc ig imFdhrdc fimphfri Jmhgec. Uhgth Eruz vdigi fis fi mi kcs y si nuivi pcr nu e`cs sdtdcs1 pirc su cj kitdvc is Mdnh.Im fdethfcr Uhmhvirry in prig fi sus ehn phøhs ig zcghs vhrdhfhs y fdstdgths fim tirrdtcrdc ghedcghm`hsth qui mc nhthg ig Hriqudph. Nuy vhstc is, hsdndsnc, im isei ghrdc fi mhs ehnphøhs fi mh Zis-thurhedõg igtri 8052 y 8054. T im Ecgbri sc qui si riû gi ig is ti ûmtdnc høc ph rh fdseutdr mh guivhEcgstdtuedõg fim \irû risthurhfc, gc ougedcgh ig Mdnh sdgc ig @uhgehyc.

Vcfc mc hgti rdcr gc is thg scmc isc qui si mmhnh, ig ugh orhsi nuy ec gcedfh, "`dstcrdh fi mcshecgti edndig tcs", fig trc fi mhs tigfig edhs rivdsdcgdsths qui dnpi rhg `cy ig Orhgedh y ig ctrhs phr-tis. \h rh prisirvhr mh ugdfhf gh edcghm ig mh prdni rh ithph fim \irû ripujmdehgc, gc cjs thgti mhsbrhgfis fds thgedhs y mcs fisgdvimis scedhmis, iecgõndecs y rhedhmis, ùjc ig tcgeis, y nès thrfi,vhrdcs ohetcris, ig tri immcs im ìe`c fi qui im gcn jrhndig tc fi mcs ougedcghrdcs pûjmdecs, ig mcs

pi mdbrcscs høcs qui sdbudircg dgni fdhthnig ti fis puäs fi mh husig edh fi Jcmîvhr, tigîh ehrèetireig trhmdsth, h pishr fi mhs ecgei sdcgis tiõ rdehs fi mh Ehrth fi 80:0 hm fiseig trhmdsnc1 y, hfinès,dgomuyõ mh dnpcrthgedh ougfhnig thm fim ikäredtc hm hjscrjir big ti fi mhs fdstdgths zcghs fim phîs y hmfis phrrhnhr si h mc mhrbc y h mc hge`c fi äm. Ctrc fh tc fi odgdtdvc is mh ecgtdgudfhf, ri mhtdvh pcr edir-tc, pi rc dggi bhjmi, ig im ougedcghndig tc fi mhs hshnjmihs mibdsmhtdvhs. Edirtc is qui im prdnir Ecg-bri sc Ecgtdtuyigti fi 80::-80:9, ig jui gh phrti fi sus ndin jrcs, si dgti brõ ecg edufhfhgcsisecbdfcs ig Mdnh1 pirc immc gc sdinpri ceu rrdõ fispuäs. \cr ikin pmc, ig mh äpceh fi mh rîbdfhfdethfu rh fi Jc mîvhr, mcs hbigtis fim Mdjir thfcr gc pu fdircg ivdthr, pisi h dggûni rhs prisdcgis, quimmibhrhg fi hmbughs prcvdgedhs, ig 80:?, fdputhfcs dgsundscs. Ohnc sh is mh orhsi ig ugh ehrth fi äm

³



Crdugfc fiE`he`hpcyhs, si dgdeig mh pcmîtdeh ig imncvdndigtcdgfipigfigtdsth. Ig 8oui imibdfc fdputhfcsu edufhf ghthm, y i80:4 phsõ h sir sighf pcr Mh Mdjirthf. Oufi mcs dnpumshfcrismh erihedõg fimfiphrthnigtc fi Hnhzcghs. Ig 8055,ikiredõ jrivinigtimh \risdfigedh dgtirdfim phîs.

KCUä JZHYEHN\CHZZIF(8205-8052)


hm prioietc Mh Ouigti; "¡Xuä nhmfdtcs fdputhfcs `h nhg fhfc Hri qudph!" (Nhbfhmigh, ? fi hjrdm).Igtri mcs ripri sig thgtis fi 80:? gc ù jc scmc pirscgi rcs fi mh hrdstcerhedh mdni øh1 suserdjdi rcg imnh gdodistc bcjdirgdsth fi :8 fi hjrdm `cn jris ec nc Kcsä Fcndgbc E`c qui ùhgeh, imibdfc igHzègbhrc, Kustc Uhuhrhurh, ripri sig thgti fi Hy nh rhis, y ctrcs. Fispuäs, ig 80:2, si riu gdõ imEcgbri sc Ecgstdtuyigti, euyhs mhjc ris si prc mcgbhrcg fu rhgti hmbûg tdin pc. Kcsä Jrhumdc Ehnpc-

Zifcg fc, e`h e`hpcyhgc, prdni rhnig ti fdputhfc pcr su ti rruøc y muibc si ghfcr pcr Mh Mdjir thf,mmibõ h ikireir mh \risdfig edh fi mh Zipûjmdeh dgti rdghnig ti, fi kumdc h sitdin jri fi 8055. E`c qui-ùhgeh oui fdputhfc pcr Eù eudtc ig im Ecgbri sc fi 805:. Ig mhs imieedcgis phrh mh EcgvigedõgGhedcghm dgsthmhfh, h odgis fi hquim høc, im räbdnig fi Bh nh rrh gc pufc, ec nc hg tis im fi Jc mîvhr,crdigthrmhs h su hgtc kc1 y cptõ pcr fdscmvirmh im 6 fi igirc fi 8056 fis puäs fi qui mi oui hfvirscim risumthfc fi mh imieedõg prisdfig edhm. Mhs hshnjmihs fi Udeuhgd y fi @uhurh ig 805? pui fig eh md-odehrsi, sdg fufh, fi hnh øhfhs, y ecsh hgèmcbh ehji hodrnhr ig mc qui hthøi hm Ecgbri sc fi @uhg-ehyc, ig 80541 pirc ù jc gcr nh mdfhf, ri mhtdvh, ig mcs ecndedcs fi 8069 y høcs sdbudigtis. \i si htcfhs mhs dnpir oieedcgis, qui si h`cg fhrcg `hsth mmibhr h vieis h mc cfdcsc, euhgfc si ig trcgdzõmh pctis thf fi mhs Eènh rhs phrh ehmdodehr mcs pcfi ris fi mcs ripri sig thgtis imietcs, gc ù jc hquîugh ixemusdvh pripctig edh fi Mdnh. Jhsth nig edcghr ug scmc ìe`c; ig ugh edreugspie edõg thghmi khfh fi mh ehpdthm ecnc Vhegh, c ig mhs hmifhøhs h immh, oui imibdfc ug `cn jri thg pu rc y thghkigc h euhmqudir pcfir sc edhm c pcmîtdec, ecnc _dbdm, ig 80:?, 80:2, 8055, 8098 y 8099, vdeipri sdfig-ti fi mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs ig 805:, prisdfigti fi mh Ecg vigedõg Ghedcghm ig 8056. Mhs tigfig-edhs eigtrîoubhs c fdsbribhfc rhs qui pcr edirtc, ixdstdircg, scjri tc fc ig 8059-8054, gc tcnh rcg,hm odg y hm ehjc, vdetcrdcsc rimdivi. Immc gc dnpmdeh gibhr im prcei sc fim eriedndig tc fi mh brhg prcpdi-fhf ecg eh rheti ris mcehmis c ribdcghmis, oigõni gcs qui phriei nu e`c nès ivd fig ti vdstcs h trhväsfim "tdinpc mhrbc". \cr mc finès, im sdbmc PDP oui ig tc fc im nugfc, ugh äpceh fi brhg fi shrrcmmcfi mh prcpdifhf prdvhfh, hugqui ig ctrhs phr tis ecg ug sig tdfc nès fd gèndec y `hsth erihfcr.

Ui `h fde`c qui, trdugohgti im ncvdndig tc fi mh Inhgedphedõg, quifhrcg fc ndghgfc ig im\i rû mhs "trisedigths ohndmdhs" fi Mdnh fi nh ycr pristhgedh ig mh vdfh ecmcgdhm (tisds qui si ecmcehig im ixtri nc cpuis tc h mh oõrnu mh nigedcghfh hgtis). Ig rihmdfhf, mh hmth emhsi fi mh ehpdthm risum-tõ fis pmhzhfh, fis fi im pugtc fi vdsth pcmîtdec, h phrtdr fi mh ecgscmdfhedõg fim pcfir fi Jc mîvhr hqudig suei fdircg, fi scrfi ghfh y priehrdhnig ti, ndmdthris, dfiõmcbcs y `cn jris fi prc oisdcgismdji rhmis y hmbugcs prcpdithrdcs fi jdigis rûstdecs c urjh gcs1 istcs pcr mc bigi rhm, gc ig im mubhrnès fis ecmmhgti. Gc surbi ig is ti phîs ug prcei sc ecn phrhjmi hm qui fitir ndgõ ig E`dmi im hubifi mh cmdbhrquîh "pimuecgh" y hmmî `hy ugh susthgedhm fdoirigedh igtri hn jcs phî sis. @ujc gc tcrdcfdsbustc y ripufdc fi mcs hgtdbucs hrdstõerhths hgti im runjc qui tc nh rcg mhs ecshs ig im ixpi-rdnig tc ri pujmdehgc; mc ivdfig edhg igtri ctrcs tis tdnc gdcs mhs cjrhs fi \ruvcgi gh (im nhrdsehmZdvh-Hbýirc) y Oimdpi \hr fc y Hmdhbh, jdig hvhgzhfc im sdbmc PDP1 y isi is im sdbgdodehfc fim vdh kihpõsthth fi \hg e`c h Is phøh ig 8056. Figtrc fim pirîcfc hquî nig edcghfc, im ocmmitc "Ziemhnh-edõg fi mcs vumgi rhfcs fi rie`cs fi mcs `heig fhfcs fi mhs prcvdgedhs mdtcrhmis fim fiphrthnig tcfi Mdnh" (Mdnh, 8055) is ug ixpcgig ti fi mh trdsti sdtuhedõg ig qui is thjh ig tcgeis mh nès hmthemhsi. Oui ugh äpceh fi su nc in pcjri edndig tc1 sdg injhrbc, fde`h emhsi ecg tdguõ, furhgtihmbugcs høcs, ecg su pristdbdc scedhm, `hsth qui nh fu rõ mh pmutcerhedh ripujmdehgh.

Kcsä Nhtcs Nhr ig su gcthjmi istufdc scjri mhs `hedigfhs ig im vhmmi fi E`hgehy, qui ocrnhphrti fim mdjrc Mh `hedigfh ig im \irû, `h si øhmhfc mh rimhedõg qui ùjc ig tri prc pdithrdcs fi scmcisi vh mmi y mhs hmths pcsdedcgis pc mîtdehs fis fi mcs ecndig zcs fi mh Zipûjmdeh. Fdei; "Hgfräs fimcs Ziyis, prdnir vdei pri sdfig ti fim \i rû ig 80:4, oui fui øc fi @uhgfc1 mcs prisdfigtis KcsäJhmth y Kcsä Zuodgc Ieì gdqui ouircg prcpdithrdcs fi Kieuèg1 y \ifrc Hmi khgfrdgc fim Ucmhr,si bugfc vdei pri sdfig ti, oui fui øc fi Is qudvim"(8). Vcfc immc tdigi nu e`c fi edir tc1 y Nhtcs,ugh viz nès, fi nuis trh su pirspdehedh. \irc gc scg ì e`cs qui ph rh ug `dstcrdhfcr pri sig tig

(8) Ig Mh `hedigfh fim \irû , cj. edt., p. 550.



:60 \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :4

Hjcbhfc mdniøcqui oui fdputhfc pcr mh prcvdgedh

fi \hthz ig 80?< y fi Ehstrcvdrriygh

ig 80?2. Yg høcfispu s oui imibdfc

sighfcr pcr@uhgehvimdeh y

hfinès ikiredõ imfiehghtc fi mh Oheumthf

fi Edigedhs fi UhgNhrecs. Furhgti mh

buirrhecg E`dmi phrtdedpõ

ig mh jhthmmh fim Hmtc fi mh Hmdhgzh,

ig Vhegh (800<).

\IFZC HMIKHGFZDGC FIMUCMHZ (80:4-84<4)

ehrèetir fi edsdvc im fi qui Ziyis mmibõ ioietdvhnig ti hm ehrbc nig edcghfc, puis isc ceu rrdõpcr ug ipdscfdc dnpri vdstc, mh fipcsdedõg fim vdei pri sdfig ti Mh Ouigti, pir scgh ki crdugfc fiugh ribdõg thg hmi khfh fi Mdnh y thg pcec fi shrrcmmhfh ig tcgeis ec nc irh Vhrhpheè1 fde`cBcjdirgc dgti rdgc fu rõ hpighs igtri hjrdm y hbcstc fi 8058, ig hu sig edh fim prisdfigti HbustîgBhnh rrh. \cr ctrh phrti, is ti nd mdthr y pcmîtdec oui kioi fi Is thfc ig im \i rû fcs vi eis, ig 80:4-

8055 y ig 8054-8068 y gc puifi sir emhsdodehfc ec nc ti rrhti gdigti. Vhnpcec pir ti gi edircg hmh hbrdeumturh mhtdougfdsth Kcsä fi Mh Nhr, prisdfigti fi 80:2 h 80:4, qui fi vcmvdõ h su fuiøccrdbdghrdc mh `hedigfh h äm ctcrbhfh ecnc pri ndc h sus brhgfis sir vdedcs furhgti mh Dgfi pig-fig edh1 Oimdpi Uhgtdhbc Uhmhvirry, kioi supri nc fi 8059 h 805?, euyc ûgdec phtrdnc gdc euhgfcnu rdõ ousdmhfc irhg sus suimfcs dgscmutcs1 Ehstdmmh, bcjir ghgti ig 8069-8098 y 8099-80?:, gugehhehufhmhfc, mmigc fi fiu fhs hm fi khr im nhgfc mhs fcs vieis y hm ncrdr \därcmh, riemudfc ig susûmtdncs høcs ig mh phupärrdnh ri sdfig edh fi mh ehmmi Ndmhbrc, im ûgdec jdig qui fi kõ h sus ìri-fi rcs, hfi nès fi su gcn jri. Yg pi qui øc fi thmmi nès; \ifrc Hmi khgfrdgc fim Ucmhr gc oui brhgprcpdithrdc ig E`hgehy sdgc thg scmc, pcr ug tdinpc sdg rimhedõg ecg su hmth odburhedõg pûjmdeh,hrrigfhthrdc fi mh `hedigfh Zi tis1 qudig hfqudrdõ mh `hedigfh Is qudvim oui su `d kc Hnhfcr fimUcmhr. Brhgfis mhtdougfdsths `dstõrdecs ig im vhmmi fi E`hgehy, ecnc mcs Fumhgtc y ctrcs, pirnh-gi edircg ig mh vdfh prdvhfh. Gc ohmthrcg, ig ehn jdc, mcs ehscs fi rdecs prcpdithrdcs ecg ocrtughsprcvigdigtis fi mcs ûmtdncs fîhs ec mcgdhmis, mhgzhfcs h mhs tcrnig ths pcmîtdehs fi mcs prdni rcshøcs ripujmdehgcs, phrh tirndghr ig mh pcjri zh y sundfcs ig im hrrdgecghndig tc y ig ughis phgtcsh hnhrburh ecnc Kcsä fi mh Zdvh-Hbýirc y Uègeìz Jc qui ti, sd jdig mh ocrtugh ohndmdhrmmibõ h sir ig is ti ehsc ri ì e`h pcr sus fis eig fdigtis ig vdrtuf fi fd virshs ecgtdgbig edhs igtrimhs qui gc ohmtõ mh fi mcs vîgeumcs nhtrdnc gdhmis. Ctrcs pcsi yircg dgnui jmis rûstdecs qui misfdircg hmbugcs ri eurscs ecnc ceu rrdõ ecg _dvhgec y su `hedigfh Nhthmieù zh, ig mhs eirehgîhsfi Mdnh1 "ustif ni ec gcei" (iserdjdõ isti ehufdmmc h su hndbc Nhguim Hthghsdc Ouigtis ig ughehrth oie`hfh ig Ec jd kh im 0 fi nhyc fi 80??, "nh kisthf y pcjri zh, tcfc ugh pdizh"). T ig ughäpceh ig qui yh ti gîh nhycr fi shrrcmmc mh vdfh iec gõndeh fim phîs, \ifrc Hmi khgfrdgc fim Ucmhr,hquî edthfc oui thg scmc ig im gcnjri fi vd eipri sdfig ti fi Zi ndbdc Ncrhmis Jirnû fiz, eu yctis thnig tc pufc sir ec gcedfc euhg fc ohmmiedõ ig 8046 y hmmî si pruijh qui, nuy `cg rcshnig-ti ph rh äm, h pishr fi `h jir sdfc mh suyh ugh mhrbh ehrrirh ndmdthr y hfndgdstrhtdvh, gc fi khjh jdi-gis rhîeis fi gdgbugh ispi edi y scmc ? ndm scmis, nès c ni gcs.

Mcs prcpdithrdcs fi mh ecsth gc nh gi khrcg ecnc ouir zh supri nh mh pcmîtdeh piruhgh ig mhithph qui sdbudõ fi dgni fdhtc h mh Dgfi pig fig edh, phrh pruijh is tè, hfi nès fi mc hsivirhfcnès hrrdjh, ig im fhtc ecgemuyigti qui gc mmibhrcg h cj ti gir im pirndsc phrh dnpcrthr isemhvcs,pcr immcs scmdedthfc fis fi 80::, ig äpc eh ig qui fde`c trè odec ougedcghjh phrh im sur fi mcsIsthfcs Ygdfcs1 y ig mh virfhf fi qui mhs ecgei sdcgis ig ohvcr fi immcs ctcrbhfhs pcr Uhmhvirryy pcr im Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc ouircg tîndfhs y pcr ecrtcs pi rîcfcs. Fdstdgth oui mh sdtuhedõgeuhgfc yh mh pmutcerhedh ripujmdehgh isthjh nh fu rhgfc c si ecg scmdfõ ig mc rioirig ti h mh mmibhfh fi jrh ei rcs e`dgcs.

Mcs fuiøcs fi `h edigfhs ig im vhmmi fi E`hgehy, y sdndmhr oui im ehsc ig ctrhs zcghs fi mhecsth, gc ocrnh rcg ug eîreumc eirrhfc, dnpir nih jmi hm phsc fi mcs høcs, y immc istè jrdmmhgti nig-

ti pri sig thfc pcr Nh tcs euhgfc fdsi øh mh `dstcrdh fi Gdaunht zu Cahfh, khpcgäs qui mmibõ hmphîs ecnc jrh ei rc ig bhge`hfc ig 84<5, hseig fdõ migthnig ti, y h jh si fi mh `hedigfh Mh @uh-eh y ctrcs ougfcs, hsî ecnc in pri shs dgfus trdhmis y ecnir edhmis, eriõ mc qui pcfrîh mmhnhr si ug"dnpi rdc", euyc pcfi rîc hehtõ im prisdfigti Uègeìz Ei rrc ig 845: hm hmc khrsi ig im "phmhei tiCahfh" fi @uhrhm, ig ug bistc fi fi shoîc h Hgtcgdc Brhøh. Cahfh y sus nès eir ehgcs ecmhjc rh-fc ris khpcgi sis ouircg fi pcrthfcs h Is thfcs Ygdfcs ig 846:, ecg nc tdvc fi mh sibugfh bui rrhnug fdhm, ig ugh rifhfh cprc jdcsh. Uu `d kh Dshjim Cahfh, vhrdcs høcs fispuäs, ecgceîh mh ndsi rdh. Vhnpcec ehji hodrnhr qui, dgni fdhthnig ti fis puäs fi mh dgfi pig fig edh, im \irû oui fi gcnd-ghfc fi nc fc hj scmutc, pcmîtdeh c iec gõndehnig ti pcr mh Brhg Jrithøh. Im ehsc fim dgedfig ti




H dgdedcs fi mh Zipugh guivh ouirzh pcminirbdõ fisfi mhs`hedigfhs ecstirhs, phrtdeumhrnigti fi mfim vhmmi fi E`hgehoui im ehsc fi HgfrZiyis, vdeiprisdfigti f\irû ig 80:4 y fuiøc fimh `hedigfh @uhgfcZuodgc Ieìgdqui y KJhmth, prisdfigtis ig y 80?0, rispietdvhni y fuiøcs fi mh `hedig Kieuèg1 y \ifrc Hmikhgfrdgc fim U vdeiprisdfigti ig 804fuiøc fi mh `hedigfhIsqudvim. Hquî pcfincjsirvhr mh pmhzh fi`hedigfh Uhg Kcs iE`dge`h (8056), ugh mhs `hedigfhs nèsdnpcrthgtis fi su pcsdtuhfh hm sur fi Md

IM \CFIZ FI M@HEIGFHFC

fi mh bcmith @dfhmbc ixù nh fc pcr Ei mdh Muy y ctrcs ipdscfdcs, pruijhg qui isc gc ceu rrdõ igmc qui hthøi h mhs rimhedcgis fdpmcnè tdehs igtri hn jcs phî sis1 y ig im ènjdtc iec gõndec, jhsthecg nig edcghr mh hprcjh edõg y mh vdbig edh (scehvhfh pcr im ecgtrhjhg fc) fi mh mmhnh fh "Miy fi\rc `djdedcgis", qui dnpusc hmths thrdohs h mhs nirehfi rîhs dnpcrthfhs y si ig origtõ ri suimthnig-ti hm sdsti nh fi mdjri ec nir edc prcpdedhfc pcr mh Brhg Jrithøh ig im nugfc, ig ecg trh fi mhs

nûmtdpmis bistdcgis ioie tuhfhs pcr mcs hbigtis fi ish brhg pc tig edh ig Mdnh. Ygh rioirig edh hhmbughs fi immhs ig im hrtîeumc fi R. N. Nhtiw ig mh rivdsth dgbmishVì Iecgcnde @dstcry Zivdiw ig fdedin jri fi 84?4.

Mc hgti rdcr gc dnpmdeh qui si gdibui im eriedigti vc munig fim ec nir edc igtri im \irû y mhnc ghrquîh dnpi rdhm qui pcr thgtcs høcs ig ehji zõ mh ridgh _detcrdh, hunig thfc fis puäs fi8069 ecg mh ixpcrthedõg fim buhgc1 gd qui si gdibui mh dnpcrthgedh qui ouircg hfqudrdigfc mhsin pri shs nir ehgtdmis ecnc, pcr ikin pmc, mh ehsh Bdjjs ig Mdnh y ig ctrhs edufhfis pi ruhghs.

Fim ndsnc nc fc, mh tisds hgtis pmhgtih fh sc jri im isehsc pcfir pc mîtdec fi mh hgtdbuh hrds-tcerhedh y scjri im in pcjri edndig tc fi fd e`h emhsi gc qudiri scsti gir, gd hjscmuth gd rimhtdvh-nig ti, qui u jdi si ug ni kcrhndig tc scedhm ig mcs prdni rcs høcs fi mh Zipûjmdeh, gd ug ehnjdcis pie theumhr ig mh pdrèndfi sc edhm. \cr im ecgtrhrdc, ecg mhs buirrhs edvdmis y edvdm-dgtir ghedcghmisy im ehrèetir ioîni rc fi mcs bcjdirgcs, mh ecgfdedõg fim puijmc in pic rõ. Isti oigõni gc ri sumtõ,ig is pi edhm, nès furc ig im ehsc fi mcs dgfdcs pcr im riemuthndig tc y h qudigis, hfi nès, si misin pi zõ h hrrijh thr sus tdirrhs ecg nhycr dgtig sdfhf qui ig mh äpceh ecmcgdhm hm hnphrc fi mhsmiyis y fi eri tcs dnjudfcs pcr mh odmcscoîh mdji rhm fim sdbmc PDP qui prcpdedhjh im mdjri ec nir edc fimh prcpdifhf. Vseù fd ecn prcjõ is ti ûmtdnc pug tc ig sus vdh kis fi 8050-806:.

Mcs prcthbcgdsths prdgedphmis ig mh isei gh pcmîtdeh igtri 80:2 y 8055 scg mcs ndmdthris y, igug sibugfc pmhgc suseip tdjmi fi drrhfdhr vhsth dgomuigedh, mcs ndinjrcs fim \hrmhnig tc y mcspi rdcfdsths. Fisfi mh scnjrh, hetûhg hm mhfc fi hqui mmcs fdvirscs "`cn jris fi trh ki gibrc", c sihedvdmis ecnc ecg si kircs c hsiscris ecg ougedõg ndgdsti rdhm c sdg immh. H vieis, mcs ûmtdnh nig tigcn jrh fcs y thn jdäg mcs ripri sig thgtis hm Ecgbri sc drrunpig ig im ehnpc pi rdcfîstdec.Ni gcr dnpcrthgedh cstig th mh jurcerhedh purhnig ti hf ndgdstrhtdvh. \i rc, fis puäs fi mh imie-edõg fi Muds Kcsä fi Cr ji bcsc ecnc prisdfigti prc vdscrdc ìe`h pcr mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghmig fdedin jri fi 8055, ig origtègfc si hm räbdnig fi Bh nh rrh fi nc fc hgè mcbc h mc qui `dedi-rcg nu e`cs fi sus ec mibhs hgti Jc mîvhr ig 80:?, vh ivdfig edègfc si ug is thfc fi cpd gdõg pcpu-mhr thnjdäg cpcsdedcgdsth.

Mh nhsh hphriei ecg ug fi edsdvc phpim prcthbõgdec hugqui hncr oc ig mh turju migth kcrgh-fh fi :0 fi igi rc fi 8056 phrh fi edfdr ig Mdnh ugh ecg tdigfh `hs th ig tcgeis ig iqud mdjrdc1 ythn jdäg, ehsd hm ndsnc tdin pc, ig mh ispcgtègih sujmivhedõg fi Hriqudph qui, fis fi èg bumcsfdoirig tis, oui ivcehfh nès thr fi pcr Omcrh Vrdstèg y pcr im fièg _hmfdvdh. ³Xudägis dgti brhjhgish nh sh, is fi edr hm puijmc mdni øc ig 80563 Dgfi pig fdigti nig ti fim ì e`c fi qui pu fcugîrsi mis bigti fi ctrhs emhsis scedhmis dgemuyig fc nu kiris y gdøcs si bûg hmbughs rimhedcgis fimh äpceh, ecnc pcr ikin pmc mh "Hrigbh fim edufhfhgc Nhguim Mcrig zc fi _dfhurri" , Mdnh, fi8056, `hjîh juig gû ni rc fi pir scghs qui pcfîhg sir ecg sdfi rhfhs ig tcgeis im puijmc fi mhehpdthm. Isthjhg, ig prdnir mubhr, mcs hrti shgcs y cjri rcs hugqui tc fhvîh gc `hjîhg sdfc irdbdfc

oèjrdehs; hmjädthris, hphri kircs, hrni rcs, jhumircs, ehmfi ri rcs, ehrpdgti rcs, ehrrcei rcs, eiri rcs,edbhrrircs, ec i ti rcs, ecme`c gi rcs, eurtdfc ris, fc rhfc ris ig ni thm, fcrhfc ris ig nh fi rh, phsh-nh gi rcs, pimuqui rcs, pdehfc ris fi th jh ec, pdgtcris fi eh shs, pmhti rcs, shstris, scn jri ri rcs,thmhjhr ti rcs, thpdei rcs, tdgtcri rcs, tcgi mircs, tcrgi rcs, trigzhfc ris, vimircs, zhphti rcs. @hjrîh quihbribhr, hfinès, h mcs inpmihfcs fi jc fi bhs, pumpi rîhs, igecnig fi rîhs, e`cecmhti rîhs, fumei-rîhs, phghfi rîhs, odfi ri rîhs, `cti mis, pcshfhs, thn jcs, ocgfhs, nhg ti qui rîhs, pdehgti rîhs, tdigfhsfi mdecris y h mcs sdrvdigtis. Nig edõg ispi edhm ehji `h eir fi mcs cpirhrdcs fi mhs dnprig ths, sdjdig immcs scmc mmibhrcg h crbhgdzhrsi ig ugh Ucedifhf Vdpcbrèodeh fi Huxdmdcs Nutucs ig hjrdmfi 8099. Ig ugh zcgh dgtir ni fdh igtri im puijmc ndsnc y mhs emhsis ni fdhs `hmmèjhg si qudigis



”Im pirîcfc fi mh pcst-dgfipigfig-edh `h sdfc ug sdgõgdnc fi hghrquîhispiedhmnigti fispuäs fi Jcmîvhr.

Mh dgisthjdmdfhf irh dgtrîgsieh h mh vdfhfi Mdnh y fi ctrhs edufhfis; mcs bcmpisfi Isthfc y mhs rivcmuedcgis irhg thgpcec scrprigfigtis ecnc pcec fisih-fcs pcr mh nhycrîh fi mh pcjmhedõg. Impriedc phbhfc ig tärndgcs fi vîetdnhsy fistrueedõg irh finhsdhfc hmtc, shmvcphrh hquimmcs qui ispirhjhg jigiod-edhrsi ecg ug ehrbc. Ig ugcs euhgtcshøcs im \irû tuvc nue`hs rivcmuedcgissdnumtègihs, y sus prcthbcgdsths hfu-eîhg qui ehfh ugh fi immhs riprisigth-jh h mh ghedõg, ndigtrhs qui sus cpc-gigtis figugedhjhg qui cjifieîhg hedirtcs dgtirisis prdvhfcs. @ujc prc-emhnhs prisdfigedhmis fdstdgths qui simiyircg hm ndsnc tdinpc, euhgfc mcsbcmpis fi Isthfc fivigîhg ig buirrhedvdm y euhgfc phrti fim ikäredtc y fi mhscedifhf gc heipthjh im bcmpi, ecncig 8056.

Nue`cs rivcmuedcghrdcs siøhmhrcg quiim prcjminh isthjh ig mh Ecgstdtuedõgqui gieisdthjh sir riiserdth. Vigîhgrhzõg, fi vhrdhs nhgirhs, ig thgtc mhEcgstdtuedõg tigfîh h ri`heir y rierihrmh pcmîtdeh y mh scedifhf piruhghs ig

hmbc qui mcs ndsncs mibdsmhfcris gdquirîhg gd ispirhjhg. Istcs mibdsmhfc-ris scøhjhg ecg fdsiøhr ughEcgstdtuedõg qui mmivhrh hm phîs h mmdjirthf h mh isthjdmdfhf y h mh prcspirdfhf nhtirdhm. \irc mcs guivcs prdged-pdcs fi bcjdirgc jhshfcs ig mh dbuhm-fhf, mh mdjirthf, mh riprisigthedõg y mhrhzõg ouircg ecgsthgtinigti ircsdc-ghfcs pcr im usc fi mh ouirzh. Mh miy ouisdinpri scehvhfh. Hug hsî, mcs ikäredtcsrivcmuedcghrdcs sdbudircg sdigfc ncvd-mdzhfcs ig gcnjri fi mh ghedõg y fi mhmdjirthf ecgstdtuedcghm.

H odghmis fi mh fäehfh fi 805<, mh nhyc-rîh fi mcs rivcmuedcghrdcs nès igtusdhs-ths fi mhs buirrhs fi mh Dgfipigfigedhsi hgbustdhjh ecg im `ie`c fi qui mhripûjmdeh gc pcfîh isthjdmdzhrsi igjhsi h mh mdjirthf y h ugh scedifhfecniredhm. Mh `dstcrdh fi mh Zipûjmdeh sitcrgõ, hsî, ig ugh sirdi fi rivcmuedcgissueisdvhs ―drõgdehnigti, ehfh ugh fiimmhs irh mhgzhfh ig gcnjri fi mh ecgs-tdtuedõg―, mc qui tuvc ecnc risumthfcmh fiprisdõg iecgõndeh.„

Fi; Ehufdmmcs y ecgstdtuedcgis; \irû,80:8-8069 , Mdnh; OEI-\YE\, :<<<, pp.5<4-58<.

guIUVZHU\ZDNIZHU FäEHFHU

FI _DFHZI\uJMDEHgH

_DIZCgECgUVHgVIU

BuIZZHU ED_DMIUIgVZI EHuFDMMCU

NDMDVHZIU ECg\ZIVIgUDCgIU FI\CFIZ. ug VIxVCFIM @DUVCZDHFCZ

EZDUVÕJHM HMKC_îg\ZCougFDzH UCJZI

IUVH HEDHBHEHZHEVIZîUVDEH FI

MH \CMîVDEH\IZuHgH FIM xDx.

BuIZZHU ED_DMIU T EHuFDMMDUNC

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC :4 :9<



:9

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


trhjh khjhg ecg mcs hjcbhfcs, nä fdecs, omijc tõndecs, brhjh fc ris, mhpdfh rdcs, nhrnc mdsths,nhis trcs fi pdhgc, nû sdecs, rimc kircs1 hsî ecnc mcs in pmihfcs dgoirdcris ig mhs codedghs fi mcs\c fi ris Ikieutdvc, Mibdsmhtdvc y Kufdedhm (dgemuyig fc ig isti h mcs trdju ghmis ispi edhmis), hsîecnc thn jdäg mcs fi isthjmiedndig tcs fdvirscs. Ygh phrti fi mcs prcoiscris fi is eui mhs yecmibdcs gc isthrîh mi kcs fim ûmtdnc bru pc. Bigtis fi ctrcs sie tcris scedhmis hetuhrcg, sdg fufh

hmbugh, phrh hzuzhr mh riji mdõg y ecmhjc rhr ig immh.Mh buirrh edvdm fi hquim høc oui mdjrh fh fu rhgti vhrdcs nisis ig im gcrti, ig im eigtrc y ig imsur fim phîs ig tri mhs ouirzhs fi ug ndmdthrdsnc qui yh is thjh ixhg býi y ish cpdgdõg fishodhgti.Ig rih mdfhf, im mmhnh fc "Hjrhzc fi Nh qudguhyc" (:6 fi hjrdm fi 8056) ig qui im ikäredtc trdug-ohfcr fi pusc mhs hrnhs hgti mhs dnprcvdshfhs trcphs h äm igorigthfhs, ripri sig tõ gc ug ipdscfdcbrctis ec c rdfîeumc ecnc hmbugh viz si `h fde`c, sdgc mh vdetcrdh ig mh dgodmtrhedõg ndsti rdcsh fimhs phsdcgis y mhs dfihs nès fdougfdfhs ig hquim ncnig tc fig trc fim sigc ndsnc fi qudi gismhs `hjîhg is thfc ecn jh tdigfc ecg mhs hrnhs y hehjh jhg fi vig eir.

Ig is th nc vdmdzhedõg dgfu fhjmi fi mh cpdgdõg pûjmdeh gc ùjc ridvdgfdehedcgis sc edhmis gddgomuigedhs ixtrhg kirhs. Gc ehji pri tig fir qui ig immh ecmhjc rhrcg mhs brhgfis ehg tdfhfis fidgfdcs fdspir scs ig im ehnpc, ig mcs ehsi rîcs y ig mcs vdmmcrrdcs fi mh sdirrh. \irc sî ùjc phr tded-phedõg fi mh bigti fi mh ehpdthm y fi mhs edufhfis prdgedphmis fi mh ecs th y `hsth fi hmbughs fimh sdirrh ecnc Euz ec y Hyheue`c. Mcs viîeumcs phrh mh prcphbhgfh hgtdbcjdirgdsth ouircg mhsehn phøhs ig im Ecgbri sc, ig mh prigsh y ig mcs vcmhgtis. Ig tri mcs pirdõfdecs, hquimmcs qui sipujmdehjhg ig Mdnh y qui, pcr edirtc, riprcfu kircg, ig mc isigedhm, mcs fijh tis phrmhnig thrdcs,fi jdi rcg drrhfdhr, hugqui ouisi ig ocrnh thrfîh, h mhs nès dnpcrthgtis edufhfis prc vdgedhghs.\cr isc, gc fi ji ctcr bhrsi vhmcr nuy scjri shmdigti c fi odgdtdvc h mh hphrdedõg, nue`hs vi eisri trhshfh, fi pi rdõfdecs ig prc vdgedhs, hphrti fi mcs qui prcvdgdircg ivig tuhmnig ti fi mh buirrhfi mh Dgfi pig fig edh c fi mhs buirrhs edvdmis pcsti rdcris.

Mc qui si nhgdoistõ ig 8056 oui im ehgshgedc y im ri pufdc hgti ug räbdnig qui `h jîh mmibh-fc h sir cfdhfc, sig tdndig tc qui ugdõ h bigtis fi mhs fdvirshs emhsis ecnc hg tis, ig ugh nh ycrpirspie tdvh, ceurrdirh furhgti mh buirrh fi mh Inhgedphedõg. Nifdhrcg thn jdäg ohetcris ri bdc-ghmdsths, ig Mdnh ecg trh im euzqui øc Hbustîg Bhnh rrh y su ispcsh fcøh \hge`h1 ig Hriqudphecgtrh mhs ùistis ocrègihs qui ec nhg fhjh im pugi øc Uhg Zcnèg1 y ig fdvirscs mubhris mhprctis th ecgtrh hutcrdfhfis pc mîtdehs y ndmdthris hju sdvhs.

Fis puäs fi is ths vdjrhg tis kcrghfhs ig mhs qui ù jc ug emhrc dgti räs ecmietdvc y fi mhs hpc-tiõ sdehs nhgdoisthedcgis qui sus edtõ mh scrprig fig ti vdetcrdh fi mh cpdgdõg pûjmdeh, ugh viznès, im puijmc hjhgfc gh im prdnir pmhgc. Ui fh, ecnc nu e`hs ctrhs vieis ig im \i rû, im ecg-trhsti ig tri mh ipd mipsdh y mh phrèmdsds. Im høc fi 8056 tirndgh igtri fi jh tis dgtig scs y, ig rihmdfhf,is tärdmis, euycs eigtrcs scg mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm `hsth kugdc y, pirnh gig ti nig ti, mcs pirdõ-fdecs. Ig rihmdfhf, gc si `h ecg si budfc vig th khs susthgedhmis fispuäs fi thg tc mue`hr y prifdehr._digi im tirrdjmi høc fi 8059 y ecg äm inpdizh mh eruigth buirrh edvdm-dgtir ghedcghm qui si prc-mcgbh pcr ug mustrc `hsth 8054 y rivdvi mcs istrhbcs tcfhvîh gc eurhfcs fi mh buirrh fi mh Inhg-edphedõg. Ziecrrig im suimc ghedcghm ikäredtcs fi fcs phî sis vi edgcs, Jcmdvdh y E`dmi, ndigtrhs quimcs piruhgcs, hturfdfcs, si fdvdfig ec nc thn jdäg si fdvdfdircg ig hqui mmh ecgtdigfh, pi rc is th

viz gc hphrieig fcs sdgc tris oheedcgis. T igtcgeis mhs ouirzhs nès pcfi rcshs scg, scjri tc fc,mhs hecni tdfhs fi mcs shjmis y mcs fdsphrcs fi mcs ousdmis y fi mcs ehøcgis.

MC quI UINHgDoIUVÕ8056 ouI IMEHgUHgEDCZI\uFDC HgVZäBDNIg quI@HJîH MMIBUIZ CFDHFCUIgVDNDIgVugDÕ H BIgV

FI MHU FD_EMHUIU ECHgVIU, Ig ugNHTCZ\IZU\IEVD_HCEuZZDIZHFuZHgVI MHBuIZZH FI MINHgED\HED



EH\ÎVYMC 5< ◃ D \c jmhedõg fim \irû ◃ DD Fi nhr ehedõg dgti rdcr◃ Ixpmcrhedcgis yougfhedcgis ig ti rrdtcrdc piruhgc ◃ DDD Mh dgfi pig fig edh y mh dgti brdfhf fi mhghedõg◃ Mh ripûjmdeh ugdthrdh c oifi rhm◃ D_ Im firi e`c fi su orhbdc. Uuorhbdcfdrie tc i dgfdrie tc. Mh imieedõg fim pri-sdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh ◃ Ixtigsdõg fimsuorhbdc ◃ Im suorhbdc cjmdbhtcrdc◃ Imsuorhbdc sieri tc ◃ Im prcei sc imietcrhm◃

_ Im prisdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh ◃ Oheum-thfis ix trhcrfdghrdhs◃ Im vdeipri sdfig-ti ◃ Ndgdstrcs fi Is thfc ◃ _D \c firMibdsmhtdvc ◃ _DD Im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc ◃

_DDD Kugths fi phrthnig thmis. Nugdedph-mdfhfis ◃ DP \c fir Kufdedhm◃ Im Vrdju ghmfim Ecgsumhfc ◃ Im Vrdju ghm fi Ndgi rîh◃

Im Kuzbhfc fi Fdiz ncs ◃ Im Kuzbhfc fiHbuhs◃ Im Kuzbhfc fi \ri shs ◃ Im Kuzbh-fc fi Ec ndscs ◃ Mcs ouircs pirscghmis.


Q VCNC : ^



Q5<EH\ÎVYMC

MH oDUCgCNîH FIM \IZÛ @HUVT MH VICZîH FI MHU DgUVDVuEDCgIU \



:9

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9

EH\ÎVYMC 5< \IZÎCFC 8

Emhsis Vcthm Isphøcmis (c jmhgecs) y sibmhris 84.945 Iemisdèstdecs y rimdbdcscs 0:9 Dgfîbi ghs 9.:4: Ehsths dgtir ni fdhs :6.8:8 Isemhvcs 6.242 Uunh tc thm 96.?:0

Ig 806:, mh pcjmhedõg fi Mdnh oui ehmeumhfh ig 95 .<<< `hjdthgtis.

Q DD ^FI NHZEHEDÕG DGVIZDCZ.- Ig 8068, im \irû si `hmmhjh fdvdfdfc ig 88 fi phrthnig tcs y ?:prcvdgedhs. Irhg mhs sdbudigtis;

Hnh zcghs ecg fcs prc vdgedhs; E`he`hpcyhs y NhyghsMh Mdjir thf ecg guivi prc vdgedhs; Eh khnhr eh, E`cth, @uhnh eù ec, \hthz, Khäg, Mhnjh yiqui,

E`demhyc, Vru kdmmc y mh prcvdgedh mdtcrhm fi \durh. Ègehs` ecg euhtrc prcvdgedhs; Ecgeù ecs, @uhrd, @uhymhs y Uhgth. Kugîg ecg edgec prcvdgedhs; Eh khthn jc, @uhnh mîis, @uèguec, Khu kh y \hsec.Mdnh ecg ce`c prc vdgedhs; Thuycs, Deh, Ehøi ti, Mdnh, @uhrce`drî, Ehgth, E`hgehy y mh prcvdgedh

mdtcrhm fim Ehmmhc. Hyheue`c ecg sids prcvdgedhs; Ehgbhmmc, @uhgth, Muehghs, \hrdghece`hs, @uhnhg bh y Hgfh-

ùhymhs.@uhgehvimdeh ecg tris prcvdgedhs; @uhgehvimdeh, Vhyheh kh y Ehstrcvdrridgh.Euzec ecg fcei prc vdgedhs; Hgth, Hynh rhis, Ehmeh, Ehghs, Ehge`ds, Euzec, Ecthjhn jhs, Eùn-

jdvdmehs, \hrurc, \huehrthn jc, Xudspdehge`ds y Yrujhn jh. Hriqud ph ecg edgec prcvdgedhs; Hriqudph, Ehnh gè, Ehymmcnh, Eù qudjhn jh y Mh Ygdõg.\ugc ecg edgec prcvdgedhs; Hzègbhrc, Eùeudtc, Ehrhjh yh, @uhgehgä y Mhnph. Mh edufhf fi

\u gc pir ti gi eîh h mh prcvdgedh fi @uhgehgä.Ncquibuh ecg tris prcvdgedhs; Ncqui buh, Hrdeh y Vhrhpheè.Mcs guivcs fi phrthnig tcs, ig ecn phrhedõg ecg mh mdsth fi 80:2, ri prcfu edfh ig ug ehpîtumc

hgti rdcr, irhg euhtrc; Hnhzcghs, @uhymhs c Hgehs`, @uhgehvimdeh y Ncqui buh.Im fiphrthnig tc fi Hnh zcghs `hjîh sdfc erih fc pcr miy im :8 gcvdinjri fi 805:. Crd bdghrdhnig-

ti pir ti gi edircg h äm mhs prcvdgedhs fi Nhyghs, \hthz y E`he`hpcyhs, nig edcghfhs kugths pcr KcsäNcfis tc fi Mh _ibh y Kcsä Jrhumdc fim Ehnpcrrifcg fc ig mh ripri sig thedõg hm prisdfig ti Bhnh rrh,qui nès hfi mhgti si edth. Uhmhvirry, sdg injhrbc, pcr fi eritc fi :9 fi hjrdm fi 8059, nhg fõ ridgecr-pcrhrmhs hm fiphrthnig tc fi Mh Mdjir thf. Isti fi eritc qui fõ sdg ioietc hm scjri vigdr ug guivc ehn jdcfi bc jdirgc1 pirc mh prcvdgedh fi \hthz vcmvdõ ig 805? hm fiphrthnig tc fi Mh Mdjir thf.

Im fiphrthnig tc fi @uhymhs, erihfc pcr fi eri tc fi 8: fi ku gdc fi 8059 y risthjmiedfc pcrfi eritc fi 8: fi ce tujri fi 805?, ni gcs mh prcvdgedh fi Eh khthn jc qui ph sõ h Kugîg, riedjdõ im

gcn jri fi Èg ehs`, pcr fi eri tc fi :0 fi oi jri rc fi 8054, phrh pirpi tuhr mh ninc rdh fi mh jhthmmhbhghfh pcr im ikäredtc ris thurhfcr. Im fiphrthnig tc fi @uhgehvimdeh oui isthjmiedfc pcr fi eritcfi :0 fi hjrdm fi 8054 y h su ehpdthm mi oui ecgei fdfc im gcn jri fi "dmustri edufhf" pcr miy fi 9 figcvdinjri fi 8054 fh fh pcr im Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehyc. Ig 8052 si eriõ im fiphrthnig tc mdtcrhmfi Vhegh ecn puis tc fi mhs prcvdgedhs fi Hrdeh y Vhrhpheè. Nès thrfi qui fõ fdspuis tc si mi riu-gdisi mh fi Ncqui buh, fis nin jrèg fc mh fim fiphrthnig tc fi Hri qudph, ecnc mhs fcs hgti rdcris.Im Ecgbri sc, ig si sdõg fi :5 fi gc vdinjri fi 8054, hprc jõ is th riscmuedõg y shgedcgõ qui imfi phrthnig tc mdtcrhm fi Vhegh si fi gcndghsi ig mc suei sdvc fi Nc qui buh. Mh ehpdthm oui Vhegh,qui dgti brhjh hgtis mh prcvdgedh fi Hrdeh.

MH NHMHZIgFäNDEH IgECUVH T MVuJIZEuMCU\IZFCgÕ MHECNHZEHU@ÛNIFHU TEIgVZCU\CJMHFCU,IUECBDIgFC

_îEVDNHU\ZIFDMIEVHIgVZI MH BIFI MHU ZIBDHgFDgHU quVZHUMHFH_D_DZ HM gFIM NHZ.



Ig mh f ehfh fi 805<nue`cs ixpmcrhfcris

phrtdircg `hedh mh simvh y eikh fi simvh fi

guistrc phîs. H su phscougfhrcg guivcs

puijmcs. Ygc fi immcsoui Ghuth (`cy ig im

fiphrthnigtc fiMcritc). \hum Nhrecy,

ug vdhkirc orhge s quiriecrrdõ im \irû igtri

806< y 806?, Gcs `hfikhfc isth

riprisigthedõg fimmubhr ig sus dgdedcs,

pujmdehfh ig im mdjrc_dhkis h trhv s fi

Hn rdeh fim Uur (80?4).

MCU GYI_CU\YIJMCU FI MHUIM_H

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 5< :9?

IP \MCZHEDCGIU T OYGFHEDCGIU IG IM VIZZDVCZDC \IZYHGC.- Ig 80:2 tuvdircgmubhr mhs ixpmcrhedcgis fim nhrdgc dgbmäs Igrdqui Mdstir Nhw ig Eh khnhr eh, Eimigfîg, E`he`h-pcyhs, Ncyhjhn jh, Jhmshpuir tc y mcs rîcs @uhmmhbh y Hnhzcghs, `hsth mmibhr hm Jrhsdm. Ig istivdh ki quifhrcg fi tir ndghfhs mhs mhtdtufis fi E`h e`hpcyhs y Ncyhjhn jh.

@hedh 805< oui ougfhfh, ig mh nhrbig dzqudirfh fim Nhrhøõg, ehsd hm origti fi mh fi sin jc-

ehfu rh fim Yehyhmd, mh pcjmhedõg fi Ghuth pcr dgfdcs ecehnhs qui `h jdthjhg im puijmc fi MhMhbugh ig im @uhmmhbh y irhg vîetdnhs fi nhmtrhtcs fi mhs hutcrdfhfis. Vhnjdäg `hedh 805<, pcr mcs isouirzcs fi Ui jhs tdèg Nhrtdgs y Kcsä Nhrè Zudz, si ougfc im

pui jmiedtc fi Kuhgh fim Zîc sdtuhfc eir eh fi mh ecgomuigedh fim rîc Ncgzõg y mmhnh fc nèsthrfi Vdgbc Nhrîh.

Igtri 8056 y 8059 im shrbig tc nh ycr fi dgbi gdircs \i frc Jimtrèg y im tigdigti Zhnõg Hzeè-rhti, kugtc ecg im tigdigti jrdtègdec Budmmirnc Unyt`, rih mdzhrcg ug dnpcrthgti vdh ki phrh riec-gceir mcs rîcs \he`dtih y Yehyhmd. Inpi zhrcg su ruth fi Mdnh h Ei rrc fi \hs ec y fi hmmî ouircg h@uèguec, \hghu y \czuzc `hedh im puirtc fi Nhy rc, ig euyc mubhr fi jîhg in jhr ehrsi ig eh gchsphrh jh khr hm Yehyhmd pcr mhs hbuhs fim \he`dtih. Hjhgfc ghrcg is ti prc yietc y, pcr E`dge`hc,phshrcg hm @uhmmhbh. Ig istcs vdh kis mmibhrcg h igecgtrhr hm ohnc sc \h fri Nh guim \mhzh qui vdvîhfis fi 80<? ig mhs ribdcgis hmri fi fcr fi mcs rîcs Yehyhmd y Vhnjc y qui fis fi h eîh nès fi fdizhøcs ig ecgtrèjh si si bri bhfc fim nug fc ig Uhrhyhec. Ixpmcrhrcg Jimtrèg, Hzeèrhti, Unyt` yMcwi (codedhm ecnphtrdcth fi is ti ûmtdnc qui si `h jîh hbri bhfc hm brupc) im Yehyhmd, im Nhrhøõgy im Hnhzcghs. Mh hvigturh fi mcs fcs codedhmis piruhgcs gc fi kõ fi ehushr dnpri sdõg ig susecgtin pcrègics. Oimdpi \hr fc ig Im Is pi kc fi nd Vdirrh fi 806<, ig im hrtîeumc "Yg phsic h Hnhg-ehis" iserdjdõ; "Hquî ni tdigig us ti fis ecg nd hmocr kh hm `cnjrc, nd phmc ig mh nhgc y nds shg-fhmdhs, mdstc phrh in prig fir nds nd sdcgis pcr ishs ncg thøhs fi Fdcs, pcr fcg fi im nhycr Jim-trèg y im tigdigti Hzeèrhti phshrcg thgths eudths… ".

Mh pujmdehedõg ig 806< y ig im Euzec fi mh cjrhFdhrdc fi vdh ki hm eämijri Ehnhg td pcr ughscedifhf fi hodedcghfcs h mh ndgirhmcbîh y mh fi ctrh ncgcbrhoîh scjri mh ndsnh ri bdõg pcr imsi øcr \he`i ec, mmhnh rcg mh htigedõg scjri ish zc gh fim vhmmi fi Nhrehphth (mmhnh fc ig tcgeisvhmmis c Hgfis fi Eh e`ch) hm crdigti fim Euzec, fcg fi is thjhg mhs `hedigfhs y ndgi rhmis fi crcfi Eh nhg td, hjhgfc ghfcs fis fi im fi rrun ji fi ug ei rrc. Nès thrfi, ug gc vimisec is erdtcr orhg-eäs, jh kc im siufõ gdnc fi \hum Nhrecy, utdmdzõ mhs pujmdehedcgis nig edcghfhs phrh ecn pcgir"ug rcnhg ei bic brèodec mmigc fi hvig turhs" sibûg phmhjrhs fi Hg tcgdc Zhdncg fd jh kc im gcn-jri fi Ygh ix pifdedõg dgocrtughfh c _dh ki hm phîs fi mh qudgh.

Ig tri 8068 y 806: si ioietuõ mh ixpmcrhedõg fim rîc \czuzc pcr im Z. \. Kuhg Erdsõstcnc Ednd-gd hmigthfc y hyufhfc pcr im phfri \mhzh. Im phfri Edndgd, dthmdhgc fi gh edcghmdfhf, shmdõ fi Cec-ph y vdsdtõ thn jdäg im rîc \he`dtih.

Vhnjdäg ig 8068 tuvc mubhr im vdh ki fi Nhguim Dkurrh h mhs ncgthøhs fi Nhyghs, E`he`hpc-yhs y \hrè.

Im hecgti edndig tc codedhm nès dnpcrthgti ig ri mhedõg ecg mh ribdõg fim gcrcrdigti ig is thäpceh oui mh erihedõg fim fiphrthnig tc fi Hnh zcghs pcr mh miy fi :8 fi gcvdinjri fi 805:,qui yh `h sdfc nig edcghfh. \ri ei fdõ h ish heedõg mibdsmhtdvh mh ixpcsdedõg `ie`h h mh kugth

fi phrthnig thm fi Kugîg pcr Uijhs tdèg Nhrtdgs scjri mh ecgvigdigedh fi prcnc vir mh ghvibh-edõg pcr im rîc @uhmmhbh. Nhrtdgs, qui yh ig 80:0 `hjîh scmdedthfc mh prctie edõg fim Bcjdirgc y imEcgbri sc Ecgstdtuyig ti, fi khjh ecgs thgedh fi qui `h jîh puis tc ig nc vdndig tc `hs th 55in jhr ehedcgis "sutdmis" ig fde`c rîc1 y nigedcghjh mh ecmhjc rhedõg ecg im prcyietc pris thfhpcr Fcrctic fi Hrä vhmc, sujpri oietc fi mh prcvdgedh fi Nhyghs y pcr Zunhmfc fi Zdvirh, eurhfi Vhrhpctc. Kcsä Ncfis tc fi mh _ibh y Kcsä Jrhumdc fi Ehnpcrrifcg fc fdrdbdircg ug codedc hmpri sdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh, nhrdsehm Bhnh rrh, hf kugtègfc mi ugh igecndèstdeh fis erdpedõg fi mhsprcvdgedhs fi Nhyghs, \hthz y E`he`hpcyhs, jhsi fim guivc fi phrthnig tc (2 fi si tdin jri fi805:). Mcs vîgeumcs igtri is ti fi phrthnig tc y im \irû mdjri si h`cg fhrcg fu rhgti mh buirrh fi



:9

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9

EH\ÎVYMC 5< \IZÎCFC 8

mh Dgfi pig fig edh, ecg mh vdetcrdh fi @dbcs-Yrec (? fi kugdc fi 80:8) cj ti gdfh pcr mcs ghturhmisfi E`h e`hpcyhs `hsth ecg mh hyufh fi mhs nu kiris fis puäs fi fdiz `c rhs fi mue`h1 isth vdetcrdhdnpdfdõ qui mhs ouirzhs rihmdsths igtcrpi edirhg mh ehnphøh fi Hri ghmis ig mh sdirrh, rihodrnõ mhmdjir thf fim gcrti fim \i rû, pirndtdõ mcs huxdmdcs pristhfcs ig mh ehnphøh fi \de`dge`h y hodrnõfi i e`c mh hgixdõg fim tirrdtcrdc fi Nhyghs h mh ec nhgfhgedh fi Vru kdmmc. @ie`c fi hr nhs hgtis

cmvdfhfc, mc istufdõ im ecgtrhmndrhgti Vcnès N. \dzhrrc ig ugh ecgoirig edh ig 8094. @ujc ughsi bugfh jh thmmh fi @dbcs-Yrec im ? fi sitdin jri fi 80::, thn jdäg ohvcrhjmi h mcs phtrdcths.\cr fi eri tc fi 88 fi nhr zc fi 805? si fds pusc im risthjmiedndig tc fim ecgvig tc fi Cec ph.Ig 8050 oui dgstdtudfc cjds pc fi Nhy ghs im fcetcr Kcsä Nhrîh Hrrdhbh, euyhs prieis ouircg

ig vdhfhs h Zcnh ig 805?. Mh jumh riedjdõ im phsi ig 80541 y, h pifdfc fim gui vc cjdspc, euyhsi fi is thjh ig E`h e`hpcyhs, oui crbhgdzhfh mh dgstdtuedõg fi mh \rcphbhgfh fi mh Oi igtri mcsdgodimis fi Nhyghs (806<). Vhnjdäg qui fõ ecgs tdtudfh mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi mhs ecmieths phrh mhsndsdcgis fi Nhy ghs.

Q DDD ^MH DGFI \IG FIGEDH T MH DGVIBZDFHF FI MH GHEDÕG.- Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:5 ix pri-sõ ig su ehpîtumc prdni rc qui tc fhs mhs prcvdgedhs fim \irû, riugdfhs ig ug sc mc euirpc, ocrnh-jhg mh ghedõg piruhgh1 qui immh irh dgfi pig fdigti fi mh nc ghrquîh isphøcmh y fi tcfh fc ndgh-edõg ixtrhg kirh y gc pcfîh sir phtrdnc gdc fi gdgbugh pirscgh c ohndmdh1 qui mh scji rhgîh risdfîhig mh ghedõg1 qui sd immh gc ecg sirvhjh c prc ti bîh mcs firie`cs mibîtdncs fi tc fcs mcs dgfdvdfucsqui mh ecnpcgîhg hthehjh im phetc scedhm, ecnc si ix trhîh fi mh shmvhbuhrfh fi isi phe tc euhm-qudirh qui vdcmhsi hmbugh fi mhs miyis ougfhnig thmis. Ecg isti ûmtdnc igug edhfc is thjh tè edth-nig ti kustdodehfc im fi rie`c fi ri ji mdõg. \cr ûmtdnc, si øhmõ qui mh ghedõg gc tdigi oheumthf phrhfi eri thr miyis qui vdcmig mcs firie`cs dgfdvdfuhmis.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:? oui nuy phreh ig is ti ehpîtumc. Ui mdndtõ h fi edr qui mh ghedõgpi ruhgh is mh riugdõg fi tcfcs mcs piruhgcs y qui im \irû is y sirè phrh sdinpri dgfi pig fdig-ti fi tc fh fc ndghedõg ixtrhg kirh y gc puifi sir ph trdnc gdc fi gdgbugh pirscgh c ohndmdh.

Mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi 80:0 dgtrcfu kc ug iminig tc gui vc fi su nh dn pcrthgedh. Ecgsdbgõ quimh ghedõg piruhgh is mh hscedhedõg pcmîtdeh fi tc fcs mcs edufhfhgcs fim \i rû1 pirc hbribõ quiis phrh sdinpri mdjri i dg fi pig fdigti fi tc fh pc tig edh ixtrhg kirh y ixpri sõ ig si budfh; "Gc sirè khnès ph trdnc gdc fi pir scgh c ohndmdh hmbugh1 gd hfndtdrè, ecg ctrc Isthfc, ugdõg c oifi rhedõgqui si cpcg bh h su dgfi pig fig edh".

Ig im fceunig tc ecgstdtuedcghm fi8056 thg scmc si mii mc sdbudigti; "Mh ghedõg piruhgh isdgfi pig fdigti y gc pui fi sir ph trdnc gdc fi pir scgh c ohndmdh hmbugh". Ecnc si `h gh rrhfc igug ehpîtumc hgti rdcr, hm riecrthrsi hquî im tixtc fi 80:0 si qui rîh hjrdr ugh puirth h mh oifi rhedõgecg Jc mdvdh.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 fi emhrõ qui mh ghedõg piruhgh is mh hscedhedõg pcmîtdeh fi tc fcs mcspi ruhgcs y høhfdõ dgni fdhthnig ti fis puäs; "Mh ghedõg piruhgh is mdjri i dg fi pig fdigti1 gcpui fi sir ph trdnc gdc fi gdgbugh pirscgh gd ohndmdh gd `heir ecg ctrc Is thfc phe tc hmbugc qui

si cpcg bh h su dgfi pig fig edh y ugdfhf".Ud si rieuirfh qui fi tc fcs is tcs tix tcs, mcs qui hmehgzhrcg h tigir vdbig edh ouircg im fi80:0, pcr sids høcs, y im 8054 `hsth 809?, ecg hmbugcs dgti rribgcs, si ecgsthth qui ouircg mcsfcs fcg fi si rih odrnõ nès gî tdfhnig ti mh dgfi pig fig edh y mh ugdfhf fim \i rû.

MH ZI\Û JMDEH YGDVHZDH C OIFI ZHM.- Im phîs ixpie tcrõ, sd ehji in pmihr mh phmhjrh, imsupiroifi rhmdsnc jc mdvhrdhgc y im shgtheruedgc qui hsc edõ hm \irû ecg Ecmcnjdh c ecg Jcmdvdh.Gc mmibõ h igshyhr, pcr mc finès, im oifi rhmdsnc dgtir gc. Ig ctrhs phmhjrhs, mhs hvigturhs oifi rhmis

MH ECgUVDFI 80:5 Ix\ZIUIg Uu EH\îVu\ZDNIZC quIVCFHU MHU\ZC_DgEDHU\IZÛ, ZIugDFIg ug UCMCEuIZ\C,oCZNHJHg M

gHEDÕg\IZuHgH1 quIIMMH IZHDgFI\IgFDIgVFI MHNCgHZquîHIU\HøCMH TVCFHFCNDgHEDÕIxVZHgKIZH\CFîH UIZ\HVZDNCgDgDgBugH\IZUCgH CoHNDMDH.



:90 \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 5<

H phrtdr fi 80:2 ughsirdi fi ixpmcrhfcrisinpizhrcg h riecrririm \irû. Ygc fi immcs

oui im vdeieõgsumorhge s Micgei Hgbrhgf, qudig

ecgshbrõ su isthfîh igim \irû h pmhsnhr sus

phdshkis y ecstunjris.Im fdjukc qui

cjsirvhncs is ughriprisigthedõg fi mh

mhbugh fi Thghece`h,ig Ehkhnhreh, fcgfi

Hgbrhgf mmibõ ig igircfi 8054.

MCU _DHKIZCU T IM \IZÛ

inir bdircg fig trc fi pmhgis phrh erihr ug guivc Isthfc nès vhs tc1 is fi edr, hphri edircg sujcr-fdghfcs h fi sdbgdcs phrh nc fdodehr im nhph fi Hnä rdeh fim Uur.

Mhs Ehrths fi 80:5 y 80:0 ec rrispcgfdircg h igshycs fi ugdthrdsnc fis eig trhmdsth, y mhs fi8056 y 8054 h igshycs fi ugdthrdsnc eig trhmdsth. Mh mieedõg fi mh bisth ripujmdehgh oui qui im\i rû, ecnc mmivhfc pcr ug cs eurc dgstdgtc fi ecg sirvhedõg, si htigîh h mh ugdfhf qui ednig th-

rcg mcs dgehs y qui prcsdbudõ h trhväs fi mh äpceh fim _drridghtc. H pishr fi tc fcs mcs fisbhrrh-ndig tcs fi mcs høcs fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh, ish ugdfhf gc oui ris qui jrh khfh hugqui mcs isphøc-mis fcndghrcg pcr ug tdin pc ig mh sdi rrh y mcs phtrdcths ig mh ecsth y tuvdircg ig im sur su jhstdõgy hugqui mmibhrcg h ecixdstdr ig ug fi tir ndghfc nc nig tc im bcjdirgc fi Zdvh-Hbýirc ig imgcrti y im Vhbmi ig Mdnh.

Mh ndsnh ì ti rcbi gidfhf fi mcs ohetcris bic brèodecs kustdodeh isth isig edhm ecgtdgudfhf `dstõ-rdeh. Im fcetcr Nhguim _deig ti _dmmhrèg h is erdtc ig mh ixpcsdedõg fi nc tdvcs fim prcyietc fi Ecgs-tdtuedõg qui ocrnu mõ ig 8458; "Cjsirvhfc ris supir odedhmis vig ig mh tcpcbrhoîh fim \irû ug ì e`cfi mh ghturhmizh ohvcrhjmi hm räbdnig oi fi rhm. Im istufdc htigtc fi mh rihmdfhf gcs mmivh h mh ecgemu-sdõg ecgtrhrdh. Mh orhbnig thedõg ghturhm fim tirrdtcrdc riemhnh edirtc brhfc fi hu tcgcnîh hf ndgds-trhtdvh1 pirc priedshnig ti pcr qui mh tcpcbrhoîh numtdpmdeh y hdsmh, fi ncfc thg hgcrnhm y ixtrhøc,mhs ncmäeumhs fim euirpc scedhm, is priedsc ecn jh tdr mh ixei sdvh sibnig thedõg hedigfc fim Isthfcug dgstrunig tc pcmîtdec ugdodehfcr. Mcs fdvirscs sibnig tcs bic brèodecs, hdsmhfcs y pc jris, in ph-rifhfcs pcr fi sdirtcs, ncg thøhs y simvhs, ehrieig fi su odedigtis ri eurscs ig `cn jris y rdqui zhphrh mmighr mhs ougedcgis fi ni fdhgcs gd piqui øcs Isthfcs. @hg fishrrcmmhfc, pcr su pi qui øiz yfdspir sdõg sieumhr, `èjdtcs nig thmis fi mcehmdsnc ei mcsc qui cjs theumdzhg, h mh phr qui mh bicbrh-oîh, mh hbmutdghedõg fi mhs prcvdgedhs y mcs fiphrthnig tcs. Mh ndsnh fis eig trhmdzhedõg hfndgdstrhtd-vh igeuig trh ig is th sdtuhedõg fdodeumthfis nh ti rdhmis y sdecmõbdehs qui si tcrghg dgvigedjmis igeuhgtc si pdigsh ig mh ocrnh edõg fi brupcs nh ycris ecg mh istrueturh kurîfdeh fi Is thfcs".

Ecnc fd kc Vcrdjdc \heì ec ig 8096, mcs brhgfis ohvcriedfcs ecg im räbdnig oi fi rhm `hjrîhgsdfc mcs brhgfis prc pdithrdcs prcvdgedhgcs.

Q Dv ÎM FIZIE@C FI UYOZHBDC. UYOZHBDC FDZIEVC I DGFDZIEVC. MH IMIEEDÕG FIM\ZI UDFIGVI FI MH ZI\Û JMDEH.- Im istufdc fi mh mibdsmhedõg rimhtdvh hm ctcrbhndig tc y hmikirededc fi is ti fi rie`c pui fi `h eirsi tc nhg fc ig euig th im tdpc fi imie edõg (fdrieth c dgfd-rie th)1 mcs sietcris fi mh pcjmhedõg h qudigis si pir ndtdõ vcthr1 mh ocrnh fim vctc y im prcei fd-ndig tc imietcrhm.

Im ribmhnig tc fi imieedcgis phrh im prdnir Ecg bri sc Ecgstdtuyig ti (hjrdm fi 80::) dnpmhgtõim suorhbdc fdrietc. \i rc, h phrtdr fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:5, qui fõ is thjmiedfc, fi heuir fc ecgim ncfi mc gcrtih ni rdehgc, im sdsti nh dgfdrie tc. Mcs edufhfhgcs ri sdfig tis ig eh fh phrrcqudhfi jîhg is ecbir ug imietcr pcr ehfh :<< dgfdvdfucs y mcs imietcris riu gdfcs ig mh ehpdthm fi mhprcvdgedh fisdbghjhg fdputhfcs y si ghfc ris. Fi ecg ocrndfhf ecg is ti sdsti nh si hrri bmõ imprcei fdndig tc imietcrhm pcr mh miy ribmhnig thrdh fim 5< fi igirc fi 80:6. Mhs miyis scjri im

suorhbdc prcnumbhfhs pcsti rdcrnig ti ecg sirvhrcg `hsth 809? im vctc fi fcs brh fcs.Uibûg mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:5, im prisdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh fi jîh prcvigdr fim vctc ind tdfcpcr im Ecgbri sc. Mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi 80:? eriõ ug \c fir Imietcrhm qui fijîh riu gdrsi ehfh høcphrh ehmdodehr h mcs edufhfhgcs1 gcnjrhr mcs ndinjrcs fi mhs Eènh rhs pcr mh prdni rh viz1 prcpc-gir mdsths fi ehg fdfhtcs phrh fdvirscs ehrbcs ig im \cfir Iki eutdvc, im Mibdsmhtdvc y im Kufdedhm1ehmdodehr mhs imieedcgis1 y ikireir im firie`c fi pi tdedõg y fi qui kh. Im prisdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdehirh imibdfc pcr im \cfir Mibdsmhtdvc.

Fis fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0 si is thjmiedõ im suorhbdc pcpumhr phrh mh imieedõg fi pri sdfig-ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh. Ougedcgõ immh h trhväs fim suorhbdc dgfdrietc `hs th 809?.



:?<







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 5<

IM UYOZHBDC CJMDBHVCZDC.- Im suorhbdc oui fiemhrhfc cjmdbhtcrdc ig mh miy ribmhnig thrdh fi80:6. Im qui si hjsti gîh fi vc thr gc pcfîh sir imibdfc ig isi he tc imietcrhm. Mcs gcnjris fi mcsqui `u jdi rhg ohmthfc hm fijir fi su orhbhr si pujmdehjhg ecg is ti tî tumc; "Mdsth fi mcs edufhfhgcsqui hg fi khfc fi vc thr… pcr dgfdoirigedh hm jdig fi mh ecnu gdfhf y ig fis pri edc fi sus ndsncsfi rie`cs, pufdigfc nès ig immcs ugh erdndghm dgfc migedh qui im hncr h mh \h trdh". Isth mdsth fi jîh

sir tc nh fh ig euig th pcr im Ui ghfc ph rh ehmdodehr im phtrdctdsnc fi mcs ig immh dgemudfcs hm tdinpcfi prc viir mcs inpmics.Mhs miyis imietcrhmis prcnumbhfhs ig 80:0, ig 805: (euhg fc si nhg fõ ioie tuhr mhs imieedcgis

phrh mh Ecgvigedõg fi 8055) y ig 8056 nhgtuvdircg im vctc cjmdbhtcrdc. Gc hsî miyis pcsti rdcris.

IM UYOZHBDC UIEZIVC.- Im suorhbdc fi jîh sir si eri tc si bûg mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:5. Mh miyfi 80:6 fds pusc qui mhs eäfu mhs si igtri bhrhg fcjmhfhs hm prisdfig ti fi mh ni sh, qudig mhsfi pcsdthjh ig ugh ur gh. Isti räbdnig si eri tc oui nhg ti gdfc `hs th 8049.

IM \ZCEIUC IMIEVCZHM.- Im prcei fdndig tc tuvc susthgedhm ecgtdgudfhf thn jdäg hsth ish oie`h.Mhs nishs rieip tcrhs fi suorhbdcs irhg isecbdfhs pcr imieedõg pcpumhr. Mcs edufhfhgcs fi eh fhphrrcqudh ecnig zhjhg fi sdbghgfc h mhs pirscghs igehrbhfhs fi ri edjdr mcs vctcs. Hgti mhs nishs hsîocrnh fhs suorhbhjhg pcr ug gûni rc fi imietcris prcpcredcghm h mh pcjmhedõg fi ehfh mcehmdfhf1 y,ig sibudfh, mcs imietcris, riugdfcs ig ec mibdc imietcrhm, imibîhg ripri sig thgtis h Ecgbrisc y prisdfig-ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh. Mcs pcfi ris fi mcs ripri sig thgtis irhg ehmdodehfcs pcr mhs Eènh rhs.

Q v ^IM \ZIUDFIGVI FI MH ZI\Û JMDEH.- Mh odburh fim prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh hphriedõ ecgehrheti ris fi fi jdmdfhf ig mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:5. Mh ecndsdõg qui rifhetõ is ti fc eunig tc sipric eupõ hgti tc fc, si bûg sus phmhjrhs, fi "hsi burhr mh mdjir thf pc mîtdeh, prcjminh qui gc pui firiscmvirsi ecg odhgfc nu e`hs oheumthfis hm \cfir Iki eutdvc qui is ig vir fhf im nès ti ndjmi, pcr-qui nhg fh mh ouirzh hrnh fh y fdspcgi fi mh `hedigfh". Fijîh sir imibdfc im kioi fi Is thfc pcr imEcgbri sc, mc euhm mi qudthjh hutcrdfhf gh edcghm y ouirzh prcpdh, isecbdägfc mc igtri mcs ehgfdfhtcsqui prc pusdirhg mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis. Furhjh ig im ehrbc euhtrc høcs sdg pcsdjmi riimieedõgdgni fdhth. Irh rispcgshjmi fi mcs hetcs fi su hf ndgdstrhedõg. Im Uighfc Ecg sirvhfcr pc fîh fi emh-rhr qui hjîh mubhr h ocrnh edõg fi ehush ecgtrh äm furhgti su pi rîcfc y pcr euhmqudir fi mdtc1 im ohmmcecrrispcgfîh h mh Ecrti Uupri nh. Ehrieîh im prisdfigti fi mh dgdedhtdvh phrh mhs miyis y fim firie`cfi vi tc. Vhnpcec pcfîh fdethr ribmhnig tcs phrh im ni kcr eunpmdndig tc fi mhs miyis1 fde`cs ri bmh-nig tcs irhg oheumthf ix emusdvh fim Ecgbri sc. Gc ecgvcehjh hm \hrmhnig tc h sisdcgis ix trhcrfdgh-rdhs1 fde`h ecgvcehtcrdh si heîh pcr im Uighfc. Is ti euir pc prcviîh mcs inpmics edvdmis. Gcnjrh jh,pcr thgtc, h mcs prioietcs, mcs dgtig fig tis y mcs bcjir ghfc ris ig mcs fiphrthnig tcs, prcvdgedhs yfdstrdtcs1 phrh thmis ehrbcs fi jîh `h jir prc puis th ig tir gh fi mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis. Hm prisd

figti ec rrispcgfîh scmc fisdbghr h mcs ndgdstrcs fi Is thfc, mcs hbigtis fdpmcnè tdecs y mcs codedhmisy kiois fim ikäredtc1 pirc mcs ecrcgi mis, mcs kiois fi brhfuhedõg nès hmth y mcs fdpmcnè tdecs, riqui rîhgheuirfc fim Uighfc. Ig euhg tc hm nhgfc fi mh ouirzh hrnh fh, im prisdfigti gi ei sdthjh ecg sig td-ndig tc fim Ecgbri sc y, ig su riei sc, fim Uighfc. Im in pmic fim ikäredtc ig ehsc fi su jmivhedõgriqui rîh dfägtdec heuirfc. Im Uighfc Ecg sirvhfcr (fdstdgtc fim Ecgbri sc ugdehni rhm) hphrieîh,ecnc si fd kc ig im fijh ti ecgs tdtuedcghm, ecnc "ug eig tdgi mh pirpi tuc fim \cfir Iki eutdvc".

Ecnc yh si `h gh rrhfc, is th Ehrth pcmîtdeh gc mmibõ h igtrhr ig vdbig edh. Mcs prisdfigtis imibd-fcs pcr im Ecgbri sc Ecgstdtuyigti, Zdvh-Hbýirc y Vcrri Vhbmi, mc ouircg pcr edreugsthgedhs dgni-fdhths, sdg nhycr ocrnu mdsnc. Im ndsnc Ecg bri sc ctcrbõ mh fdethfu rh cn gînc fh h Jc mîvhr.

IM UuoZHBDCFIJîH UIZ

UIEZIVC UIBÛgMH ECgUVDVuEDÕgFI 80:5. MH MIT FI80:6 FDU\uUC quI

MHU EäFuMHU UIIgVZIBHZHgFCJMHFHU HM

\ZIUDFIgVI FI MH

NIUH quDIg MHUFI\CUDVHJH Ig

ugH uZgH. IUVIZäBDNIg UIEZIVC

ouI NHgVIgDFC@HUVH 8049.



EDYFHF FI NHGVCU T UHTHU. @hsth nifdhfcs fim PDP, mhs nukiris mdniøhs shmîhg h mhs ehmmis ceumthgfc mh phrti sufim euirpc, qui eujrîhg ehsd ig su tcthmdfhf ecg ug nhgtc (8). Xudigis mc ushjhg irhg ecgcedfhs ecnc 'thphfhs'. Istihtuigfc oui dnpcrthfc furhgti mh Ecmcgdh fisfi mh edufhf isphøcmh fi Uivdmmh y bczõ fi brhg pcpumhrdfhf, hugqui vhrdcs vdrriyis dgtigthrcg prc`djdrmh. Hm nhgtc hecnphøhjh mh shyh, ohmfh qui eujrîh im euirpc fi mh edgturh h mcstcjdmmcs. Mhs `hjîh fi fcs tdpcs, ugh hnpmdh y fispmibhfh (:), y mh ctrh istrie`h y eiødfh hm euirpc (6). Mhs thphfhs,scmtirhs c ehshfhs, bczhjhg fi mh mdjirthf fim hgcgdnhtc y ecquitijhg furhgti sus phsics pcr mh edufhf (5). Vcfhs mhsheuhrimhs fi isth pèbdgh pirtigieig hm pdgtcr numhtc \hge`c Odirrc.

:?EH\ÎVYMC 5< \IZÎCFC 8

Q8 Q: ^

Q5 Q6^



:?6







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


pûjmdecs1 pirc scmc isthjh oheumthfc ph rh rinc virmcs ecg heuirfc fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc. Gcn jrh-jh y ehn jdhjh mdjri nig ti h mcs eõgsumis y vdei eõgsumis1 ig euhgtc h mcs pmigdpctig edhrdcs, ndgds-trcs risdfig tis y ig ehrbhfcs fi gi bcedcs, giei sdthjh mh hprcjh edõg fim Uighfc y ig su ri ei sc, mhfim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc, sd jdig tigîh oheumthf fi ri nc virmcs h su hrjdtrdc. Fisdbghjh h tcfcs mcsougedcghrdcs kufdedhmis dgemusdvi h mcs vcehmis fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh fig trc fi phu ths od khfhs pcr

tir ghs privdhs. \cfîh suspig fir `hs th pcr euhtrc ni sis y trhsmhfhr h euhmqudir ougedcghrdc fim\c fir Kufdedhm1 y rinc vir h mcs vcehmis ecg im vctc fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc.

OHEYMVHFIU IPVZHCZFDGHZDHU.- Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0 h jîh fh fc pc fir hm Ecgbri scphrh hutcrdzhr ixtrhcrfdghrdhnig ti hm Ikieutdvc scmc pcr im tdinpc pri edsc ig ehsc fi dgvhsdõgfi igi ndbcs c si fdedõg sd mh siburdfhf pû jmdeh mc ixdbdiri, fi jdig fc ecg eurrdr mcs fcs tiredcs fimcs vctcs ig hn jhs Eènh rhs y quifhg fc im Ikieutdvc cjmdbhfc h fhr rhzõg nc tdvhfh fi mhsni fdfhs qui tc nh ri. Mh ndsnh pc tis thf oui ecgei fdfh, ecg nh ycris fi thmmis ig sus riqudsdtcs,pcr mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056. Ig riei sc fim Ecgbri sc, im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc fi jîh ti gir h su ehr-bc, sibûg is th Ehrth, ecg mcs tris euhrtcs fi su orhbdcs fi mcs ecgsi kircs prisig tis, mh htrdju edõgmibdsmhtdvh fi hutcrdzhr mhs oheumthfis ix trhcrfdghrdhs.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 suprdndõ mh phrtdedphedõg fim Ecgbri sc ig im ctcrbhndig tc fifde`hs oheumthfis. \h sõ h sir ugh fi mhs htrdju edcgis fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc fi emhrhr euègfc mhphtrdh istè ig pi mdbrc y igtri bhr fi thmmhfhnig ti hm prisdfigti mhs oheumthfis qui oui rhg giei sh-rdhs phrh shmvhrmh, siøhmègfc mi im tdinpc y mubhris ig qui fi jîh ikireirmhs y mh cjmdbhedõg fi fhreuig th hm Ecgbri sc y, ig su riei sc, hm Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc, fim usc qui fi immhs ùjdi ri ì e`c. Irhprc`djdfc hm prisdfigti trhgsndtdr ig tcfc gd ig phrti h pir scgh hmbugh im usc fdseriedcghm fiishs oheumthfis. Ui qui rîh ivdthr qui si ri pdtdisi mc ceurrdfc euhg fc Cr ji bcsc ioietuõ ish trhg-oirig edh ig ji gi odedc fi Uhgth Eruz.

IM _DEI\ZI UDFIGVI.- Fis fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:5 oui isthjmiedfh, fi heuir fc ecg im ikin-pmc fi Isthfcs Ygdfcs, mh odburh fim vdeipri sdfig ti, ecg mhs ndsnhs ehmdfhfis qui im pri sdfig ti igeuhgtc h sus riqudsdtcs. Ig fi oietc fim vdeipri sdfig ti, mh hfndgdstrhedõg fim \cfir Iki eutdvc ecrris-pcgfîh hm prisdfigti fim Uighfc.

Uibûg mh Ehrth fi 80:?, im vdeipri sdfig ti, gcn jrhfc pcr im prisdfigti y hprcjh fc pcr im Euir-pc Mibdsmhtdvc, irh im kioi fim bhjdgi ti nd gdsti rdhm. \cr mc thgtc vi gîh h sir rispcgshjmi, ecg im sieri-thrdc fim Fisphe`c fim fi phrthnig tc rispie tdvc, fi mh hfndgdstrhedõg fim Isthfc. Fis phe`hjh yodrnh jh, h gcn jri fi mh Zipûjmdeh y fim prisdfigti, tcfcs mcs gibcedcs fi mh hfndgdstrhedõg ecg imsieri thrdc fi Isthfc ec rrispcgfdigti. H ohmth fim prisdfigti y vdeipri sdfig ti, si ig ehrbhjhg dgti-rdghnig ti fi mh hfndgdstrhedõg mcs sieri thrdcs fi Isthfc jh kc mh prisdfig edh fim nès hgtdbuc igikirededc, `hsth mh riugdõg fim Euirpc Mibdsmhtdvc.

Ig mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0 im vdeipri sdfig ti vcmvîh h su ecgfdedõg fi sdnpmi sustdtutc ivig tuhmfim prisdfigti. Ig fi oietc fi ugc y ctrc fi jîh ikireir im ehrbc prcvdsdcghmnig ti im prisdfigti fim

Uighfc qui fhgfc, ig tri thgtc, suspig sc fi mhs ougedcgis fi si ghfcr.Mh _dei-\ri sdfig edh, jh kc im dgomu kc fim rieuirfc fi mc ceurrdfc ecg Mh Ouigti, oui suprdndfh igmh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056. Ig mcs ehscs fi vh ehgedh si fijîh ig ehrbhr prcvdsdcghmnig ti fi mh \ri sd-fig edh fi mh Zipûjmdeh im prisdfigti fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc ph rh ecgvcehr fig trc fi mcs fdiz prd-ni rcs fîhs h imieedcgis pri sdfig edhmis. Ziscmvdõ mh Ehrth fim 56 mh fufh erihfh ig 8055 euhgfcmmibõ im odg fi bcjdirgc fi Bh nh rrh sdg qui si supdirh emhrhnig ti qudäg irh su suei scr mibhm, puiscrfi gõ qui sd ecgemudfc im pirîcfc ecgs tdtuedcghm gc si ùjdi rh ì e`c mh imieedõg pcr hmbûg heed-fig ti c, vi rdodehfh immh, im imietc is tuvdirh ouirh fi mh ehpdthm, im prisdfigti fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfcsi ig ehrbhrîh fim \cfir Iki eutdvc ndig trhs si prhetdeh mh imieedõg c mmibhsi im imietc. Im prisdfigti

MH ECgUVDVuEDÕgFI 8054 FDU\uUC

quI, EuHgFC_HEHZH MH

\ZIUDFIgEDH FIMH ZI\ÛJMDEH, CECgEMuTIUI IM

\IZîCFCECgUVDVuEDCgHM

UDg IMIEEDÕg C

Ig HuUIgEDH FIMIMIEVC, IM

\ZIUDFIgVI FIMECgUIKC

HUuNDZîH IM\CFIZ IKIEuVD_C.




Vrhs vdvdr vhrdcs hIurcph (8062-8096), kurdsth hriqudpiøc sisthjmiedõ ig Mdnh.ifdtõ Im @irhmfc (80809?), pujmdehedõgecnjhtdõ im bcjdirgcZhnõg Ehstdmmh. Igsi trhsmhfõ h su edughthm, fcgfi hpcyõ mrijimdõg fi _dvhgec.Ygh viz scocehfh istrivuimth, vcmvdõ hmikirededc fim Firie`csi fifdeõ hm pirdcfdIgtri 80?6 y 80??, oufcs vieis ehgedmmir\irû.

VCZDJDC \HZD_IZC(80:0-80?0)

fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc irh is ecbdfc hguhmnig ti pcr im Ecgbri sc sdg qui pufdirh riehir is th imie-edõg ig iemisdèstdecs. \hrh riin pmhzhrmc fijîh `h eir sus vieis im qui ùjdi si cj ti gdfc imheeäsdt ig mh vcthedõg fim Ecgbri sc, y hsî suei sdvhnig ti1 h ohmth fi immc imibdrîh im Ecgsi kc.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 fdspusc qui, euhgfc vhehrh mh \risdfig edh fi mh Zipûjmdeh, c ecgemu-yisi im pirîcfc ecgs tdtuedcghm sdg imieedõg c ig husig edh fim imietc, im prisdfigti fim Ecgsi kc fi

Isthfc hsundrîh im \cfir Iki eutdvc. Ig im prdnir eh sc ecgvcehrîh h imieedcgis fig trc fi mcs prdni-rcs fdiz fîhs. Ud ig hmbugc fi mcs ehscs hgti fde`cs ohmthri im prisdfigti fim Ecgsi kc, si `hrîh ehrbcfim nhgfc su pri nc im qui mc ujdi si sujrc bhfc heedfig thmnig ti ig mh \risdfig edh. Im prisdfigtifim Ecgsi kc, im vdeipri sdfig ti y ug tir ei rc phrh mcs ehscs mibhmis ig qui ohmthrig immcs, fijîhg sirimibdfcs ig eh fh mibdsmhturh pcr im Ecgbri sc.

NDGDUVZCU FI IUVHFC.- Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:5 fdspusc qui tc fcs mcs hetcs fi hf ndgds-trhedõg fim prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh ouirhg suserdtcs pcr im ndgdstrc fi Is thfc ig im fis phe`crispie tdvc1 im qui ehriediri fi is ths edreugsthgedhs si riputhrîh ecnc gc fd nh ghfc fi is tipcfir. Ui øhmõ tris ndgdsti rdcs; Bcjdirgc y Zimhedcgis Ix ti rdcris, Buirrh y Nhrdgh y @hedigfh. ImEcgbri sc `hrîh im ribmhnig tc dgti rdcr fi immcs. Mcs ndgdstrcs irhg rispcgshjmisdg scmdfun pcr mhsriscmuedcgis tc nh fhs ig ec nûg y ehfh ugc ig phr tdeumhr pcr mcs hetcs pi eumdhris h su fi phrth-nig tc. Ehfh ugc hetuhjh ec nc õr bhgc fim bcjdirgc ig im fiphrthnig tc fi su fi pig fig edh,y fi jîh odrnhr mhs õrfi gis qui inh ghrig fi is ti pc fir. Uus riqudsdtcs irhg mcs ndsncs qui ph rhsir prisdfigti.

Ig mh Ehrth fi 80:? mcs ndgdstrcs ouircg mmhnh fcs "si eri thrdcs fi Isthfc". Fi jîhg sir euhtrc,jh kc mhs õrfi gis dgni fdhths fim vdeipri sdfig ti. Gdgbûg trdju ghm gd pirscgh hmbugh fhrîh eunpmd-ndig tc h mhs õrfi gis fim Ikieutdvc qui gc is tuvdirig odrnh fhs pcr im vdeipri sdfig ti y im Uieri th-rdc fi Isthfc ec rrispcgfdigti. Mcs sieri thrdcs fim Fisphe`c ocrnh jhg mcs prisupustcs hguhmisfi mcs bhstcs qui fi jîhg `h eirsi ig sus ris pie tdvcs rhncs y rig fîhg euig th fi mcs qui si ùjdi-rig ì e`c ig im høc hgti rdcr. \hrh sir sieri thrdc fi Isthfc si ri qui rîh sir edufhfhgc ig ikir ededc,ti gir 5< høcs eunpmdfcs (c sih, dbuhm ifhf qui im prisdfigti) y gc `hjir sdfc ecg fi ghfc khnèsh ehush erdndghm.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0 fi kõ h ugh miy mh fisdbghedõg fim gûni rc fi mcs ndgdstrcs. Nhgtuvc mhsehmdfhfis dbuhmis qui phrh prisdfigti y mh giei sdfhf fi su odrnh ig mcs fieritcs y õrfi gis fi is ti.

\cr mc thgtc, mcs dzc rispcgshjmis. Uu ribmhnig tc fi jîh sir hprcjh fc pcr im Ecgbri sc. H ehfhEènh rh fi jîhg fhr euig th, ig mh hpirturh fi mhs sisdcgis, fim isthfc fi su ris pie tdvc rhnc idbuhmnig ti, prcpcredcghr mcs dgocrnis qui si mis pdfdirhg. Hm ndgdstrc fi @hedigfh ecrrispcgfîhpri sig thr hguhmnig ti h mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs ug is thfc bi gi rhm fi mcs dgbri scs y bhstcs fimIsthfc Ghedcghm1 y, hsdndsnc, im \ri supuis tc bi gi rhm fi tcfcs mcs bhstcs pûjmdecs fim høc igtrhg-ti, ecg im ncgtc fi mhs ecgtrdju edcgis y rig ths ghedcghmis.

Hgèmcbcs pri eip tcs ecgsdbgõ mh Ehrth fi 8056. Hbribõ h immcs hmbugcs fi dgti räs. Im ndgdstrc fiBuirrh fi jîh ig vdhr ehfh høc h mhs Eènh rhs ug isthfc fi mh ouirzh pûjmdeh fi nhr y tdirrh ecg ixpri-sdõg fim gûni rc fi bi gi rhmis, kiois, codedhmis y trcph y fim pdi ig qui si `hmmhrig mcs phrquis y hrnh-

nig tcs. Mcs ndgdstrcs fi Is thfc is thjhg oheumthfcs phrh ecgeurrdr h mcs fijh tis fi euhmqudirh fimhs Eènh rhs, ritdrègfc si hgtis fi mh vcthedõg. \cfîhg sir heushfcs ec nc im prisdfigti y ctrcs hmtcsougedcghrdcs1 y hfinès, pcr rhzõg fi pir kudedcs dgoirdfcs dg kusthnig ti h euhmqudir dgfdvdfuc.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 ecnig zõ pcr siøhmhr im gûni rc nè xdnc fi mcs ndgdstrcs, qui irheuhtrc. Uus riqudsdtcs irhg mcs ndsncs qui ph rh sir sighfcr. Mh rioirig edh fi 8056 hm ndgdstrcfi Bui rrh oui cndtdfh. Mcs finès hrtîeumcs prdgedphmis fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg priei fig ti qui fh-rcg nhg ti gdfcs.

Ig 8068 mcs ndgdsti rdcs ixdstig tis irhg mcs fi Bcjdirgc y Zimhedcgis Ix ti rdcris, Buirrh y Nhrdgh1@hedigfh1 Dgstrueedõg \ûjmdeh, Jigi odeig edh y Gibcedcs Iemisdèstdecs.



:??







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


Q vD ^\C FIZ MIBDUMHVD _C.- Fi heuir fc ecg mhs Ecgstdtuedcgis orhgei shs fi 8248 y 8245 y ecgmh isphøcmh fi 808:, mh piruhgh fi 80:5 cr bhgdzõ im Ecgbri sc ig ugh scmh Eènh rh. Im UighfcEcgsirvhfcr hphri edõ ig immh ecnc ug euir pc ecgsumtdvc. Im \cfir Mibdsmhtdvc fi jîh riu gdrsihguhmnig ti, pcr ug pi rîcfc fi tris ni sis qui pc fîh sir hn pmdhfc h ug nis nès ig eh sc gi ei-

shrdc, sd hsî mc riscmvîhg mcs fdputhfcs. Mh rigcvhedõg fijîh sir pcr nd thfis, eh fh fcs høcs. \crim ehrbc fi fd puthfc si pir edjîh ri nu gi rhedõg. \hrh ecgsi budrmc irh priedsc ti gir mh edufhfh-gîh ig ikirededc, `hjir eun pmdfc :9 høcs, ecg thr ecg ugh prcpdifhf c ugh rig th fi 0<< pi scseuhgfc ni gcs, c ikireir euhmqudir dgfus trdh qui rdgfdirh hguhmnig ti c sir prc oiscr pûjmdec ighmbugh edigedh1 y `hjir gh edfc ig mh prcvdgedh c `hjir is thfc hvi edgfhfc ig immh fdiz høcshgtis fi mh imieedõg. Ecnc jh si imietcrhm quifõ od khfh mh ehgtdfhf fi 8:.<<< `h jdthgtis1 sihunig thrîh ug fdputhfc pcr mh orheedõg qui phshrh fi ?.<<<. Mh prcvdgedh qui tuvdisi ni gcsfi 8:.<<< hmnhs imibdrîh, sdg injhrbc, ug fdputhfc. \cr eh fh tris fdputhfcs si imibîh ugsupmigti. Ud gc ecrrispcgfîh h mh prcvdgedh nès qui ug scmc prcpdithrdc, `hjrîh, sdg injhrbc,thn jdäg ug supmigti.

Ud mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:5 eriõ im Ecgbri sc ugdehni rhm, mh fi 80:? oui h mhs tris Eènh rhs;fi trdju gcs, fi si ghfc ris y fi eig scris. Mcs eigscris irhg vdthmdedcs pirc gc `i ri fdthrdcs1 mcssi ghfc ris ri edjîhg ug nhg fh tc fi ce`c høcs1 y mcs trdju gcs fi euh trc. Mcs prdni rcs gi ei sdth-jhg 6< høcs1 mcs sibugfcs, 59 høcs1 mcs ûmtdncs, :9 høcs. Mh Eènh rh fi Eig scris ti gîh mhs ehrhe-ti rîstdehs fi ug euir pc ecgsirvhfcr fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg, fi mhs miyis y fi mhs juighs ecstun jrisy prcnc tcr fi mh eumturh. Heushjh h mcs hmtcs ougedcghrdcs. Dgdedhjh mhs miyis scjri dn prig th,ig si øhgzh, hrtis y edigedhs. Zivdshjh mhs miyis dgdedhfhs pcr im Uighfc. Fdrdnîh mcs fisheuirfcsmibdsmhtdvcs ig tri im Uighfc y im Vrdju ghfc. Mhs ouirzhs fim Uighfc y mcs eigscris pri pcgfi rh-jhg sc jri mh ecrrdigti pc pumhr ripri sig thfh pcr mcs trdju gcs. Im Uighfc ti gîh dgdedhtdvh c htrd-ju edcgis is pi edhmis scjri hsug tcs kurîfdecs y iemisdèstdecs y oheumthf fi imi bdr phrh edirtcsehrbcs. Mcs trdju gcs hphri eîhg ecg ougedcgis ecg eri ths ig gi bcedcs fi `hedigfh, bui rrh yrimhedcgis ix ti rdcris, hsî ecnc ig mc ecgeirgdigti h mh fdvdsdõg tirrdtcrdhm fi mh Zipûjmdeh.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0 dgtrcfu kc pcr viz prdni rh im Ecgbri sc jdehni rhm. Fdc fdstdgtc crd-big h mhs Eènh rhs. Mh fi Fdputhfcs si ecn pcgîh fi ri pri sig thgtis imibdfcs pcr mhs prcvdgedhspcr vctc dgfdrietc ig gû ni rc fi ug fd puthfc pcr eh fh :<.<<< `hjdthgtis c orheedõg qui phsh-ri fi 8<.<<< y pcr ehfh prcvdgedh, hugqui su pc jmhedõg ouirh ni gcr fi 8<.<<< `hjdthgtis. ImUighfc si ecn pcgîh fi tris si ghfc ris pcr ehfh fi phrthnig tc imibdfcs pcr mhs kugths fi phr-thnig thmis fi igtri mhs mdsths fi fcs dgfdvdfucs pcr ehfh si ghfcr ocrnh fhs ni fdhgti im vctcfi mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis fi prcvdgedh. Mh imieedõg fi si ghfc ris irh, puis, fi tris brh fcs; mcsimietcris imibdfcs pcr mcs edufhfhgcs1 mcs ehgfdfh tcs imibdfcs pcr mcs imietcris, y mcs sighfc risimibdfcs pcr mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis.

\hrh sir fdputhfc si gi ei sdthjh :? høcs1 phrh sir sighfcr, 6<. Hfinès, phrh sir fdputhfcirh pri edsc ecgthr ecg ugh rigth hguhm fi 9<< piscs y phrh sir sighfcr ecg ugh fi ndm1 c sir,ig ugc y ctrc ehsc, prcoiscr fi hmbugh edigedh.

Mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs si ri gcvhjh pcr nd thf ehfh fcs høcs1 mh fi Uighfc ris pcr tir edcs

thn jdäg ehfh fcs høcs.Hm fdputhfc si mi ixdbîh `hjir gh edfc ig mh prcvdgedh c, hm nigcs, ig im fiphrthnig tcecrrispcgfdigti1 c tigir ig mh prcvdgedh sditi høcs fi vi edgfhf. Gdgbugc fi is tcs ri qudsdtcsougedcghjh phrh sir sighfcr.

Mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs bc zhjh fi mh dgdedhtdvh ig mcs hsugtcs yh nig edcghfcs h prcpõsdtcfi mcs riecrtis h mhs oheumthfis fim prisdfigti fi mh Zi pûjmdeh1 y mi ecrrispcgfîh heushrmc, hsîecnc thn jdäg h mcs ndgdstrcs y ctrcs hmtcs ougedcghrdcs, ndigtrhs ecrrispcgfîh hm Uighfc fi ed-fdr sd `hjîh c gc mubhr h mh ocrnh edõg fi ehush. Im Uighfc, h su viz, fi jîh fhr c gi bhr su hprc-jh edõg h edirtcs gcn jrhndig tcs fdpmcnè tdecs y hseig scs ndmdthris h mcs qui si `h `ie`c hg tis

MHU IFHF\HZH UYOZHBHZ

Mh ifhf cjmdbhtcrdh phrhsuorhbhr oui vhrdhgfc fi

heuirfc ecg mhsecgstdtuedcgis hphriedfhs

ig mcs prdnircs høcs fi mhZipûjmdeh. Ig isths,

hfinès, si dgecrpcrõ cimdndgõ, sueisdvhnigti,

hmbugcs riqudsdtcs, ecncisthr ehshfc, shjir miir y

iserdjdr y tigir prcpdifhfis.

GUVDVYEDÕG IFHF

0:: :8 høcs0:5 :9 høcs0:? :9 høcs0:0 :8 høcs056 :8 høcs054 :9 høcs




Im 80 fi nhrzc fi 808 prcnumbõ mh prdniEcgstdtuedõg isphøcig mh edufhf fi EèfdIg immh, si isthjmiesdstinh ncgèrqudececgstdtuedcghm, ugEcgbrisc ugdehnirhmim firie`c fim suorhbIsti fceunigtc si tcnõecnc jhsi phrh nue`hfi mhs ecgstdtuedcgihnirdehghs, ecnc pcrikinpmc mh prcnumig guistrc phîs ig 80Mh dnhbig quicjsirvhncs is ughriprisigthedõg fi mhfiemhrhedõg fi mhEcgstdtuedõg fi Eèfdrihmdzhfh pcr im pdisphøcm Uhmvhfcr _dgdibrh (8488-848

MH ECGUVDFI EÈFD[

rioirig edh. Mi tcehjh thn jdäg prcpcgir ig tir gh hm prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh, h mcs vcehmis fi mhEcrti Uupri nh y Uupi rdcris, hrzcjdspc y cjdspcs.

Vcfc prc yietc fi miy fi jîh sir hprcjh fc ig hn jhs Eènh rhs, qui irhg dbuhmis ig mh ougedõgmibdsmhtdvh ndsnh. Ig ehsc fi hprc jh edõg fi ug prcyietc fi miy pcr ugh fi immhs y fi fishprcjh-edõg pcr ctrh si cîh hm Ikieutdvc1 y sd im fdethnig fi isti irh oh vcrhjmi vigîh guivh fdseusdõg ig mh

Eènh rh hfvirsh, ig thgtc qui im hsugtc qui fhjh hpmhzhfc `hs th mh mibdsmhturh sdbudigti, sd fde`cfc eunig tc ti gîh sigtdfc ohvcrhjmi hm prcyietc.Im Ecgbri sc si riu gîh hguhmnig ti. Ougedcghjh gc vigth fîhs ûtdmis ecgtdgucs, prcrrcbhjmis pcr

vidgti nès h kudedc fi äm nds nc. Im prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh ecgvcehjh h Ecgbri sc ixtrhcrfdgh-rdc euhgfc mc ixdbîhg brhvis edreugsthgedhs.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056 hunig tõ im pirscghm fim Uighfc yh qui imivõ im gûni rc fi si ghfc-ris h edgec pcr fi phrthnig tc ig viz fi tris. Nc fdodeõ mh ocrnh fi imi bdrmcs, puistc qui su prdndõmhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis. Mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis fijîhg ocrnhr mdsths fi fcs dgfdvdfucs pcrehfh si ghfcr, euyh ndthf pri edshnig ti ri ehirîh ig edufhfhgcs ghturhmis c viedgcs fi ctrhs prc-vdgedhs fim fiphrthnig tc. Im Uighfc `h rîh im iserutdgdc c imibdrîh ig mh ocrnh si øhmhfh pcr mh miy.Isth miy oui fhfh im :4 fi hbcstc fi 8056.

Mh rigcvhedõg fi mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs y mh fi Uighfc ris fi jîh `h eirsi ehfh fcs høcs igmh prcpcredõg fim 9<%.

Ig mcs ehscs fi fd sdfig edh igtri hn jhs Eènh rhs oui suprdndfh ish is pi edi fi hrjdtrh ki fim Iki-eutdvc, dnpuis th pcr mh Ehrth fim :0. Im ri e`hzc pcr ugh Eènh rh fi ug prc yietc hprcjh fc ig mhecmibdsmhfc rh, hpmhzhjh im hsugtc hs th mh mibdsmhturh sdbudigti1 pirc ig ehsc fi dgsdstig edh pcr phr-ti fi mh Eènh rh fi crdbig, si ri ecgsdfi rhrîh im hsugtc pcr mh ctrh ecg hsdstig edh fi fcs ndin jrcsfi hqui mmh. Ui fijdmdtõ im vitc pri sdfig edhm hm jhsthr phrh mh hprcjh edõg fi ugh miy mh nhycrîh hjsc-muth fi hn jhs Eènh rhs ig mh dgsdstig edh.

Mhs Ecgstdtuedcgis fi 80:5, 80:0 y 8056 `h jîhg is thjmiedfc mh riugdõg hguhm fim Ecg brisc. Mhfi 8054 cr fi gõ su riugdõg jdighm.

Uibûg is th Ehrth mcs fdputhfcs irhg imibdfcs pcr mhs prcvdgedhs ig mh prcpcredõg fi ugc pcrehfh 5<.<<< `hjdthgtis c orheedõg qui phshri fi 89.<<<1 pirc imdbdigfc sdin pri ug fdputhfc tc fhprcvdgedh hug ecg nigcs fi 89.<<< hmnhs.

Mh Eènh rh fi Uighfc ris si ecn pcgîh fi :8 ndin jrcs imibdfcs pcr mcs fiphrthnig tcs, ecg-ocrni hm gû ni rc qui mis fisdbghrh mh miy fi imieedcgis ig tri mcs ghedfcs ig immcs c hviedgfhfcs hmni gcs pcr edgec høcs. Mh miy fi imieedcgis fi :4 fi fd edin jri fi 8054 fds pusc qui mcs :8 sigh-fc ris ouisig fdstrdjudfcs h rhzõg fi tris pcr eh fh ugc fi mcs fi phrthnig tcs hgtdbucs1 mcs fiphr-thnig tcs gui vhnig ti irdbdfcs si riu gdrîhg h immcs phrh isti sc mc cj kitc `hsth qui mh mibdsmhturh,ecg hrribmc hm eigsc, fi tir ndghsi im gûni rc fi si ghfc ris ecrrispcgfdigtis h ehfh ugc.

Mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs si ri gcvhjh pcr tir edcs ehfh fcs høcs y mh fi Uighfc ris pcr ndthfehfh euhtrc høcs.

Im prcei fdndig tc phrh mh imieedõg fi si ghfc ris oui isthjmiedfc pcr mh miy fi imieedcgis edthfhy gc fdoirîh fim qui siøhmhrcg mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056 y mh miy imietcrhm fim ndsnc høc.

\hrh sir fdputhfc si ri qui rîh 5< høcs, tigir 2<< piscs fi rig th y `hjir gh edfc ig im fi phrth-

nig tc c prcvdgedh fi mh imieedõg c risdfdr ig immh tris høcs. \hrh sir sighfcr irhg gi ei shrdcs 6<høcs, mh ndsnh rig th fi jdi gis rhîeis c ugh ig trhfh fi ndm piscs.Ig mcs ehscs fi fi sheuirfc ig tri hn jhs Eènh rhs ecg nc tdvc fi ug prc yietc fi miy, si nhg-

tuvc im sdsti nh si øhmhfc ig mh Ehrth fi 8056.Ecnc htrdju edõg ispi edhm fi mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs qui fõ ig 8054, fi mhs Ehrths hgti rdcris,

mh fi dgdedhtdvh phrh mhs miyis scjri ecg trdju edcgis, gi bcedhfc fi in prästdtcs y hrjdtrdcs1 hm Uighfcmi ecnpi tîh hfndtdrmhs, ri`u shrmhs c fivcmvirmhs ecg ncfdodehedcgis.

Ecrrispcgfîh thn jdäg h mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs heushr hm prisdfigti fi mh Zi pûjmdeh ig im scmcehsc qui pir nh gi edõ vdbig ti, c sih im fi htig thr ecgtrh mh dgfi pig fig edh y ugdfhf gh edcghm1 y h



:?0







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


mcs ndgdstrcs y fi nès hmtcs ougedcghrdcs pcr tcfc fi mdtc ecni tdfc ig im ikirededc fi sus ougedcgish qui is tuvdisi dnpuis th pigh dgohnhg ti.

Mh hprcjh edõg fi mcs gcnjrhndig tcs fdpmcnè tdecs mi oui gibhfh hm Ecgbri sc, sd jdig mi quifõ,ig ehn jdc, mh fi hprcjhr c ri e`hzhr mhs prcpuis ths fceunig thfhs fim Ikieutdvc phrh bigi rhmis finhr ig tdi rrh. \irc irh htrdju edõg fim Uighfc fhr dgstrueedcgis hm prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh phrh

im ecgecrfhtc ecg mh Udmmh Hpcstõmdeh. Vhnjdäg mi ecrrispcgfîh ecgceir sd `hjîh mubhr h ocrnh edõgfi ehu sh ig mcs ehscs fi heu shedõg hm prisdfigti y h mcs ndgdstrcs.

Q vDD ^IM ECGUI KC FI IUVHFC.- Im hgti ei fig ti fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc ig im \i rû si h mmh ig im Uigh-fc Ecg sirvhfcr (ecgsirvhfcr fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg) erihfc pcr mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi 80:5. Mhs mdsthsphrh sighfc ris irhg pri phrhfhs phrh mcs imietcris fi prc vdgedhs y fi immhs im Ecgbri sc ugdehni rhm`hrîh mh imieedõg odghm sdinpri y euhgfc gc shmdirhg fcs fi ugh nds nh prc vdgedh. Im gûni rc fisighfc ris irh fi tris pcr eh fh fi phrthnig tc. \hrh sir sighfcr si ri qui rîh; ghedndig tc c ri sdfig-edh ig im fiphrthnig tc, 6< høcs fi ifhf y rig th gc ni gcr fi : ndm piscs hm høc. Im ehrbc fisighfcr fu rhjh 8: høcs1 mh rigcvhedõg si `heîh pcr tiredcs.

Ig euhgtc h sus ougedcgis, irhg fi eh rèetir iki eutdvc, ecgsumtdvc, supmitcrdc fim Ecgbri sc igriei sc fi isti y fi hm th supir vdbdmhgedh.

Gcn jrh jh im Uighfc h mcs inpmihfcs edvdmis y hprcjh jh mcs gcnjrhndig tcs fi mcs hmtcs kioisndmdthris y hbigtis fdpmcnè tdecs qui `h eîh im Bcjdirgc. Ecgvcehjh h Ecgbri sc Ixtrhcrfdghrdc.\ris thjh su vctc h hquim ig gibcedcs brhvis y fi mdji rhjh sc jri mcs prcyietcs fi miy fis puäs fi mhfdseusdõg ig im Ecgbri sc y im dgocrni fim Iki eutdvc. Hjrîh in prästdtcs y fhjh pir ndsc hm Bcjdirgcphrh im usc fi mh ouirzh hrnh fh. _dbdmhjh mh cjsirvhgedh fi mh Ecgs tdtuedõg y fi mhs miyis y mh ecg-fue th fi mcs nhbdstrhfcs1 y fierithjh sd `hjîh mubhr h mh ocrnh edõg fi ehush ecgtrh im prisdfigtifi mh Zipûjmdeh, mcs ndgdstrcs y mcs ndinjrcs fim Uupri nc Vrdju ghm fi Kustdedh. _imhjh, hsdndsnc,scjri "mh ecgsirvhedõg y im ni kcr hrribmc fi mhs rifue edcgis fi mcs Hgfis" y prcnc vîh "mh edvdmdzh-edõg y mh ecgvirsdõg fi dgodimis fi su tirrdtcrdc ecgocrni hm ispîrdtu fim Ivhgbi mdc".

Im Uighfc Ecg sirvhfcr gc mmibõ h ougedcghr. Ni kcr suirti tu vc im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc erih fc pcrmh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0 y nhg ti gdfc ig mhs fi 8056 y 8054 ecg hmbughs nc fdodehedcgis. Fi heuir-fc h mh Ehrth fi 80:0 ocrnh jhg is ti Ecg si kc fdiz sighfc ris imibdfcs pcr im Ecgbri sc y prisdfdfcspcr im vd eiprisdfig ti fi mh Zipûjmdeh y, ig su fi oietc, pcr im prisdfigti fim Uighfc. Uibûg Mh _ir-fhf fi 8055 is ti Ecg si kc, qui irh ugh ec ndsdõg fim Uighfc, `h jîh sdfc tc nh fc fi mh Ecndsdõg\ir nh gig ti fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg isphøcmh fi 808:. Vigîh htrdju edcgis eig scrdhmis y ecgsumtdvhs. Ocr-nh jh "ug pcfir cj sirvhfcr" fim \cfir Iki eutdvc. _imhjh pcr mh cjsirvhgedh fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg yfi mhs miyis phrh mc euhm fijîh ocrnhr ix pi fdigti sc jri euhmqudirh dgorheedõg phrh fhr euigth hmEcgbri sc. \ris thjh su vctc ecgsumtdvc hm prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh ig gi bcedcs brhvis fim Bcjdir-gc. Ecgvcehjh h Ecgbri sc ixtrhcrfdghrdc pcr sî c h prcpuis th fim prisdfigti. Fi sin pi øhjh, igriei sc fim Uighfc c fim Ecgbri sc, hmbughs fi sus ougedcgis, ecnc mhs fi hutcrdzhr im in pmic fimh ndmdedh ouirh fim fiphrthnig tc rispie tdvc, hprcjhr mcs gcnjrhndig tcs fdpmcnè tdecs, ecgsumhris

y fi kiois ndmdthris, ctcrbhr im phsi fi fi eritcs pcgtdodedcs scjri gi bcedcs phrtdeumhris, heir tir ghsphrh hrzcjdspcs y cjdspcs, hutcrdzhr hm prisdfigti phrh im nhgfc pir scghm fi mh ouirzh hrnh fh,fi emhrhr sd `hjîh mubhr h ocrnh edõg fi ehushs ig mhs heushedcgis ecg trh hmtcs ougedcghrdcs.

Uibûg mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi 8056 mh istrueturh fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc fi jîh sir fdoirig ti. Mc ecn-pcgîhg fcs ecgsi kircs pcr ehfh ugc fi mcs fi phrthnig tcs, rigcvhjmis ehfh fcs høcs, imibdfcs pcrim \cfir Mibdsmhtdvc fi fig trc c ouirh fi su si gc. \hrh sir ecgsi kirc si gi ei sdthjhg mhs ndsnhs ehmd-fhfis qui ph rh sighfcr. Gc pcfîhg sirmc nès fi fcs nd mdthris gd nès fi fcs iemi sdèstdecs y iggdgbûg ehsc ig tri is tcs fi jîhg is thr hrzcjdspcs, cjdspcs c vdehrdcs bigi rhmis c phrtdeumhris. Im pri-sdfigti fim Ecgsi kc irh imibdfc pcr im Ecgbri sc hguhmnig ti1 y phshjh h sir im vdeipri sdfig ti fi mh

UIGHFCZIUHØC IFHF

80:? 59 høcs80:0 6< høcs8056 gc si ispiedoîeh8054 6< høcs

MHU IFHFIU FIMCU UIGHFCZIU TFD\YVHFCU

FD\YVHFCUHØC IFHF80:? :9 høcs (eigscris)80:0 :? høcs8056 gc si ispiedoîeh8054 5< høcs

Mhs riocrnhsecgstdtuedcghmis

isthjmiedircg ifhfisnîgdnhs phrh qui ug

ehgfdfhtc hm Ecgbrisc pufdirh riprisigthr h su

prcvdgedh c fiphrthnigtcig im Mibdsmhtdvc. Isths

vhrdhrcg fi heuirfc h mhecgstdtuedõg vdbigti.



MH _DFH FIM UCMFHFC. Nue`cs fi mcs scmfhfcs qui mue`hrcg ig mcs prdnircs høcs fi vdfh dgfipigfdigti fim \irû gcmc `dedircg vcmugthrdhnigti, sdgc igrcmhfcs h mh ouirzh ig mcs ik redtcs fi mcs fdvirscs ehufdmmcs. \irc h nigufc gcouircg scmcs hm origti fi jhthmmh, sdgc hecnphøhfcs pcr sus ispcshs c phrikhs, h mhs qui si mmhnõ rhjcghs . Immhs siigehrbhjhg fi mh ecndfh, fi mh mdnpdizh fim ehnphnigtc y fim trhgspcrti fi pirtrie`cs. Ig hmbughs cehsdcgis,dgemusc, dgtirvdgdircg fdriethnigti ig mhs jhthmmhs. Ig isth heuhrimh fi \hge`c Odirrc, tdtumhfh Ucmfhfc ecg surhjcgh , vincs h ugh phrikh ig ug ncnigtc fi fisehgsc i dgtdndfhf.




:2<







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


Zipûjmdeh. Mhs htrdju edcgis fi is ti euir pc ouircg ecgodrnh fhs y hnpmdhfhs1 dgemusdvi mi oui ecgoird-fc im ixhnig fi mh euig th fi mcs bhstcs `i e`cs ig im høc hgti rdcr y im \risupuis tc fi bhs tcs fimhøc ig trhgti qui, tris ni sis hgtis fi hjrdr im Ecgbri sc su sisdõg hguhm, fijîh pri sig thrmi im Nd gdstrc fi @hedigfh y ecg sus cj sirvhedcgis phshjhg fde`cs fc eunig tcs h mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 qudtõ hm Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc su mdbhnig fi phrthnig thm. Uus ndinjrcs

fi jîhg sir imibdfcs pcr im Ecgbri sc fi fig trc c ouirh fi su si gc, ig im gûni rc fi qudgei. Xui-fhrcg nhg ti gdfhs phrh immcs mhs ndsnhs ehmdfhfis qui ph rh sir sighfcr. Ig im Ecgsi kc gc pcfîhg`hjir nès fi tris nd mdthris y tris iemisdèstdecs. Oui prcdjdfc qui pir ti gi edirhg h äm mcs bigi rhmisy kiois ecg nhgfc c mcs ndgdstrcs. Mh ougedõg phrmhnig thrdh si pirfîh pcr im gcnjrhndig tc fiecgsi kirc. Im Ecgbri sc imibîh ig ehfh mibdsmhturh hm prisdfigti fim Ecgsi kc, mc ndsnc qui ug prd-nir y si bugfc vdeipri sdfig ti. Irhg immcs mcs vdeipri sdfig tis fi mh Zipûjmdeh. Ui rigcvhjh im Ecg-si kc pcr ndthf ehfh fcs høcs. \h rh ivdthr qui im Bcjdirgc, pcr ni fdc fi gcn jrhndig tcs ig ohvcrfi mcs ecgsi kircs, ikiredthsi dgomuigedh scjri immcs, mi isthjh vi fhfc hm prisdfigti fim mh Zipûjmdehin pmihr ig ecndsdõg hmbugc fi mcs ecgsi kircs sdg mh hprcjh edõg fi mhs fcs tirei rhs phrtis fimcrbhgdsnc hm qui immcs pirti gi eîhg.

Im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc ig mh Ehrth fi 8054 ti gîh ougedcgis fi su pir vdbdmhgedh ecgstdtuedcghm yctrhs fi eh rèetir ecg sumtdvc y hfndgdstrhtdvc y fi riin pmhzc fi mhs Eènh rhs euhgfc immhs gc oug-edcghjhg.

_imhjh pcr mh cjsirvhgedh fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg y fi mhs miyis, fdrdbdigfc hm Ikieutdvc prdni rh ysibugfh ri pri sig thedõg phrh su eunpmdndig tc y ixdbdigfc mh rispcgshjdmdfhf ig mh tirei rh. \risig-thjh su fdethnig ig mcs ehscs ig qui im prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh mc pdfdisi sc jri mcs prcyietcsfi miy qui äm kuzbhri ecgvigdigti sc ni tir hm Ecgbri sc y scjri mhs cjsirvhedcgis qui `d edisi igrimhedõg ecg mcs qui isti mi pcfîh ig vdhr. Ixhndghjh mh euigth fi mcs bhstcs pûjmdecs y im prcyietcfi \ri supuis tc phrh phshrmc h mh Eènh rh fi Fdputhfcs ecg sus cj sirvhedcgis. Mcs ecgsi kircsti gîhg im firie`c fi hsdstdr h mhs Eènh rhs h tcnhr phrti ig mh fdseusdõg fi mcs prcyietcs fi miyscjri qui im Ecgsi kc `ujdi rh fhfc su fdethnig.

Im heuirfc fim Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc irh gi ei shrdc phrh rinc vir h mcs inpmihfcs fi mhs codedghspûjmdehs1 phrh `heir hmti rhedcgis ig mcs ribmhnig tcs fi `h edigfh y ecnir edc1 phrh fi edfdr mh ecg-vcehtcrdh h Ecgbri sc ixtrhcrfdghrdc1 y phrh heir sir vdr h mh buhrfdh ghedcghm ouirh fi mcs mîndtis fisus prcvdgedhs.

Im Ecgbri sc gc dgtir vigîh ig mh prisig thedõg fi hrzcjdspcs y cjdspcs gd ig mh imieedõg fi vceh-mis fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh y fi mhs Ecrtis Uupi rdcris. Mhs tirghs rispie tdvhs mhs igvdhjh hm prisdfigtifi mh Zipûjmdeh im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc. Vhnjdäg gcn jrh jh is ti euir pc ug trdju ghm fi sditi kuieisphrh mh rispcgshjdmdfhf fi euhmqudirh fi sus ndin jrcs y is thjh oheumthfc ph rh ecgvcehr pcr sî scmch Ecgbri sc ixtrhcrfdghrdc ecg mcs fcs tiredcs fi vctcs fi ecg si kircs prisig tis.

Ig ri ei sc fi mhs Eènh rhs, im Ecgsi kc fi Is thfc pris thjh su heuir fc ph rh mh phz c mh bui rrhhprcjh jh mcs gcnjrhndig tcs fi pmigdpctig edhrdcs, ndgdstrcs risdfig tis y ig ehrbhfcs fi gi bc-edcs1 irh giei shrdc su ecgsig tdndig tc phrh fhr c gibhr im phsi fi mcs fi eritcs pcgtdodedcs scjrigi bcedcs phrtdeumhris1 ecgei fîh pir ndsc hm prisdfigti phrh nhgfhr ig pir scgh mh ouirzh hrnh fh1fi emhrhjh euègfc mh phtrdh isthjh ig pi mdbrc y ctcrbhjh hm Kioi fim Isthfc mhs oheumthfis gi ei shrdcs

phrh shmvhrmh1 riedjîh kurhnig tc hm qui si igehrbhjh fim \c fir Iki eutdvc ig mcs ehscs fi dgehphed-fhf c hu sig edh fi hquim nhbdstrhfc c ig eh sc fi vh ehgti.

Q vDDD ^ KYGVHU FI\HZVHNIGVHMIU.- Mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis ouircg is thjmiedfhs pcr mh Ecgstd-tuedõg fi 80:5. Irhg imibdfhs pcr suorhbdc pcpumhr, ecg ug vcehm pcr ehfh prcvdgedh, fisdbghfc igmh ndsnh ocrnh qui mcs fdputhfcs. Hetuhjhg ec nc Ecg si kc fim prioietc, qui fi jîh pri sdfdrmhs ypi fdrmis fdethnig ig mcs gi bcedcs brhvis. Ui rigcvhjhg ehfh fcs høcs pcr nd thf, ig mh prdni rh

MHUNugDED\HMDFHFIU

FI\IgFîHg FIMHU KugVHU

FI\HZVHNIgVHMIUquI IUVHJHg

IgEHZBHFHU FIH\ZCJHZ UuU

FDU\CUDEDCgIU TFI _IMHZ quI

EuN\MDIZHg UuUFIJIZIU HUî

ECNC FIIxHNDgHZ UuU

EuIgVHU. MH MITZIBMHNIgVHZDH

FI MHU KugVHUFI\HZVHNIgVHMIU

ouI Ix\IFDFH IM84 FI NHTC

FI 80:0.



:2EH\ÎVYMC 5< \IZÎCFC 8

Kuhg Jhutdsth Ghvhoui fdputhfc pcr suedufhf ghthm, Hriquig 80::, pcr Ehnhgè i80:4 y 8058 y, pcr Tig 8054. Oui imibdfc prisdfigti fi mh Eènfi Fdputhfcs ig 8058Furhgti su ehrrirh pcmîtdeh horcgtõ mriocrnhs mibdsmhtdv pmhgtihfhs pcr mhsfdoirigtisecgstdtuedcgis.

KYHG JHYVGH_HZZIVI(8245-80?4)

viz pcr scrtic. Dgspie edcghjhg mh ecgfue th fi mhs nugdedphmdfhfis i dg ocrnh jhg hm Uighfc heir ehfi immh. \rcnc vîhg mcs dgti risis fi mcs fi phrthnig tcs, ispi edhmnig ti ig mcs rhncs fi hbrd eumturh,ndgi rîh, dgstrueedõg y jigi odeig edh. Ocrnh jhg im eigsc y mh isthfîstdeh fi phrthnig thmis. Ikireîhgougedcgis imietcrhmis hm heir mhs mdsths fi mcs edufhfhgcs imibdjmis phrh prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh,phrh im bcjdirgc fi phrthnig thm, prcvdgedhm y fdstrdthm y phrh mcs inpmics pûjmdecs.

Mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis quifhrcg sdg ikirededc pcr edreumhr ndgdsti rdhm fi 84 fi nhyc fi80:?. Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:? gc mhs nigedcgõ. Mh fi 80:0 mhs vcmvdõ h isthjmieir. Hphriedircghmmî ecnc in jrdcgis c eä mumhs fi phrmhnig tcs oifi rhmis, ecnc hbig tis fi ugh fis eig trhmdzhedõgsi ndpcmîtdeh. Ui ecnpcgîhg fi fcs dgfdvdfucs pcr ehfh prcvdgedh imibdfcs ig mh ndsnh ocrnh quimcs fdputhfcs, ecg mhs ndsnhs ehmdfhfis qui is tcs y sditi høcs fi vi edgfhf ig mh prcvdgedh, ecgixemusdõg fi mcs ougedcghrdcs pûjmdecs edvdmis, ndmdthris y iemisdèstdecs fim fiphrthnig tc. Ui rigc-vhjhg pcr nd thf ehfh fcs høcs. Uus ndin jrcs irh ri nu gi rhfcs y ti gîhg, ecnc mcs fdputhfcs,dgvdcmhjdmdfhf. Immcs ndsncs eh mdodehjhg sus imieedcgis. Uisdcghjhg tc fcs mcs høcs furhgti trisni sis, fi kugdc h hbcstc. Mcs prioietcs gc irhg ndin jrcs fi mhs kugths1 pirc hjrîhg hguhmnig tisus sisdcgis y mis dgstruîhg pcr iserdtc fi mcs gibcedcs pûjmdecs y fi mhs prcvdfig edhs qui ecgsd-fi rhsig gi ei shrdhs phrh mh ni kcrh fim fiphrthnig tc. Mhs htrdju edcgis fi mhs kugths si ixtig fîhghm ocnig tc nh ti rdhm, mh dgstrueedõg pûjmdeh, mh jigi odeig edh, mh rifue edõg y edvdmdzhedõg fi dgfîbi-ghs, mh isthfîstdeh, mh pcmdeîh dgti rdcr ixeip tc mh fi siburdfhf, im riphrtc fi mhs ecgtrdju edcgis y fimcs ecgtdgbig tis fi dg fdvdfucs ph rh im ikäredtc y mh hrnh fh, tcfc immc figtrc fi mcs mîndtis fi phr-thnig thmis. Uupir vdbdmhjhg h mcs kiois fi mh ndmdedh ghedcghm1 y tcnh jhg ec gcedndig tc fi mcs isth-fcs fi dg bri scs y ibri scs fim fiphrthnig tc1 sus cjsirvhedcgis sc jri immcs fijîhg phshr hm Ndgds-trc fi @hedigfh. Imibîhg sighfc ris fi mhs mdsths ocrnh fhs pcr mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis fi prcvdgedh.\ri sig thjhg tir ghs phrh prioietcs, suj pri oietcs y bcjir ghfc ris, vcehmis fi mhs Ecrtis Uupri nhsy Uupi rdcris y kuieis fi prdni rh dgsthgedh. Ocrnh jhg mdsths fi imibdjmis phrh cjdspcs1 i dgocrnh-jhg hm prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh fi mhs pirscghs qui kuzbhjhg hpths phrh mcs inpmics edvdmis fimfi phrthnig tc y phrh mhs prijig fhs fi mh fdõei sds.

Mhs nugdedphmdfhfis fi pig fîhg fi mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis qui isthjhg ig ehrbhfhs fihprcjhr sus fdspcsdedcgis y fi vi mhr qui eunpmdirhg sus fi ji ris hsî ecnc fi ixh ndghr sus euig-ths. Mh miy ribmhnig thrdh fi mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis oui ixpi fdfh im 84 fi nhyc fi 80:0.

Hugqui ecg edirths fdodeumthfis i dg tir ndtig edhs, ougedcghrcg mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis igtri80:0 y 8056. Igtri mcs ohetcris qui ecgs pdrhrcg phrh risthr iodehedh h su heedõg istuvdircg; 8¼) mhdgtir oirig edh qui ikireîhg scjri mh isthjdmdfhf y mh ugdfhf fi mh hfndgdstrhedõg dgti rdcr, ecg nigbuhfim \cfir Iki eutdvc1 :¼) mh isehsiz fi pir scghm priphrhfc, dgfi pig fdigti y prcjc ig eh fh fi phr-thnig tc phrh ecgstdtudr mhs kugths y phrh eunpmdr sus htrdju edcgis ig ocrnh fi jdfh1 5¼) mh hjugfhg-edh fi isths thrihs ig ri mhedõg ecg im ocnig tc fi phrthnig thm1 y 6¼) mh is ehsiz fi ocg fcs ph rh quipufdirhg eunpmdrmhs hfieuhfhnig ti. Yg fi eritc fim vdeipri sdfig ti Mh Ouigti fis tdtuyõ h mcsfdputhfcs fi phrthnig thmis fi Mdnh im 2 fi cetujri fi 805< pcr mhs rhzcgis qui si `h dg fdehfcig im ehpîtumc rispie tdvc.

Mi kcs fi is tufdhr ecg sirigdfhf y cj kitdvdfhf mcs närdtcs y fi oietcs ix`djdfcs pcr mhs kugths htrhväs fi mh jrivi ix pi rdigedh ecg immhs cjti gdfh, phrh nc fdodehr su ecnpcsdedõg y sus htrdju edcgis

sibûg risumthrh prufig ti, mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056, gc cjsthgti su crdigthedõg mdji rhm, cptõ pcrsuprdndrmhs. Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 gc mhs risuedtõ.

NYGDED\HMDFHFIU.- Mhs nugdedphmdfhfis ixdstîhg fis fi im tdinpc fim bcjdirgc is phøcm. ImIsthtutc \rc vdscrdc ixpi fdfc pcr Uhg Nhrtîg ig 80:8 fdspusc qui suj sdstdirhg ig mh ndsnh ocrnhig qui vi gîhg ougedcghgfc.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:5 nig edcgõ im \cfir Nu gdedphm. Mc ikireîhg mhs nugdedphmdfhfis quifi jîhg h jir ig tc fhs mhs pcjmhedcgis. Is thjhg su kiths h mhs kugths fi phrthnig thmis. Mhs crfi ghg-



Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi fdetõ ugh sirdi fifdspcsdedcgis phrh mhpmdehedõg fi mh kig im phîs. Ig Mdnh,eriedndigtc fi mh ed vdgc hecnphøhfc fi hunigtc ig mh hetdvderdndghm. @hedh mf ehfh fi 80?<, mhsehreimiths fistdghfhmcs priscs si `dedircdgsuodedigtis, pcr msi ecgstruyõ mh\igdtigedhrîh fi Mdnqui vincs hquî.

MH HEVD_DEZDNDGHM

:2EH\ÎVYMC 5< \IZÎCFC 8

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:? fi emhrõ qui mcs trdju ghmis y kuzbhfcs gc ikir eîhg ctrhs ougedcgis quimh fi hpmdehr miyis ixdstig tis. Furhrîhg mcs nhbdstrhfcs y kuieis thgtc euhgtc fu rhsig sus jui gcssirvdedcs. Gc pcfîhg sir suspig fdfcs fi sus in pmics sdgc ig mcs ehscs fi tir ndghfcs pcr mhs miyis1sus ohmths brhvis fh jhg mubhr h heedõg pcpumhr. Ig euhgtc h mcs vcehmis fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh (quifi jîhg sir sids), im Uighfc prc pcgfrîh ugh mdsth fi ehg fdfhtcs fi mh euhm im Ikieutdvc ocrnh jh ugh

tirgh sdnpmi y mh Eènh rh fi eig scris imibdrîh h ugc fi mcs prcpuis tcs. Mcs nhbdstrhfcs fi prd ni-rh y sibugfh dgsthgedh fijîhg sir gcn jrhfcs pcr im Uighfc h prc puis th fim rispie tdvc euirpcimietcrhm. @hjrîh kuieis fi phz ig eh fh pui jmc phrh mhs ecgedmdhedcgis. Xui fhjh hjc mdfc im rieurscfi dg kustdedh gctcrdh, ecg mc euhm si rhtdodeõ ug fdspcsdtdvc sdndmhr fi 80:5. Ig mhs ehushs erdndghmisim kuzbhndig tc si rîh pûjmdec, im `ie`c ri ecgcedfc y fi emhrhfc pcr kurhfcs (euhgfc si is thjmiedi-rhg) y mh miy hpmdehfh pcr mcs kuieis. Gc si ushrîh khnès fim tcrnig tc gd si ixdbdrîh ecgoisdõg hm ric.Xuifhjh hjc mdfh tc fh ecgodsehedõg fi jdigis y tcfh pi gh eruim y fi dgohndh trhseig fig thm. Imeõfdbc ndmdthr mdndthrîh, ig euhgtc ouiri pc sdjmi, mh hpmdehedõg fi mh pigh ehpdthm. Mhs Eènh rhspcfîhg fi eri thr mh suspig sdõg tin pcrhm fi hmbughs fi mhs ocrnh mdfhfis ecgs tdtuedcghmis euhgfcmh siburdfhf fi mh Zipûjmdeh mc ixdbdiri.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0 rhtdodeõ mh dgfi pig fig edh fim \cfir Kufdedhm qui si ikirei rîh pcr mcs kuieis, qudigis irhg pir pi tucs ig im ehrbc, shmvc sig tig edh mibhm fi siphrhedõg. Nhgtuvc, ig mcisig edhm, mcs prdgedpdcs y mcs crbhgdsncs fim rhnc. Dgtrcfu kc ugh gcrnh hgtis gc nig edcghfh; mhsfi mdji rhedcgis fi mcs kuieis fi jîhg sir prdvhfhs, pi rc sus ohmmcs pûjmdecs y nc tdvhfcs. Mhs vcehmîhsig mh Ecrti Uupri nh si rîhg sditi, ugh pcr ehfh fi phrthnig tc1 hsî isth Ecgstdtuedõg githnig tifis eig trhmdsth mmivhjh `hs th im nès hmtc trdju ghm fi kustdedh su pigshndig tc ni fu mhr. Mhs kugthsfi phrthnig thmis prisig thrîhg hm Uighfc tir ghs fc jmis fi mhs euhmis isti euir pc ocrnu mhrîh ughtirgh y mh imivhrîh hm prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh, phrh qui is ecbdirh fi immh hm qui fijdi si ceu phrmh ecrrispcgfdigti vc ehmîh supri nh. Mhs ndsnhs kugths `hrîhg tirghs fc jmis ecg im odg fi qui imIkieutdvc gcn jrhrh fi immh h mcs vcehmis fi mhs Ecrtis Uupi rdcris. Dbuhmnig ti, mhs kugths ocrnu mhrîhgtirghs fc jmis phrh qui mh rispie tdvh Ecrti Uupi rdcr gcnjrhsi mcs kuieis fi prdni rh dgsthgedh fisu fdstrdtc. Mhs ehushs erdndghmis si `hrîhg pcr kurhfcs. Mh dgstdtuedõg fi is tcs qui fõ ig ehrbhfh hugh miy. Igtri thgtc, mcs kuieis ecg tdguhrîhg `hedigfc im kuzbhndig tc pûjmdec.

Mcs dgedfig tis ri mhedcghfcs ecg nc tdvc fim hrribmc fim pirscghm fim \cfir Kufdedhm hm hpmdehrsimh Ehrth fi 80:0 `hg sdfc ri oirdfcs ig ug eh pîtumc hgti rdcr.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056 rhtdodeõ thn jdäg mcs prdgedpdcs y gcrnhs yh is thjmiedfcs. Ecgsirvõ mhfi sdbghedõg fi mcs vcehmis fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh pcr fi phrthnig tcs. Uirîhg imibdfcs pcr im Ecg-bri sc fi mhs mdsths igvdhfhs pcr mcs ecmibdcs imietcrhmis. Im odsehm fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh, ig ehn jdc ―yis tc oui ugh dggcvhedõg― sirîh gcn jrhfc pcr im Ikieutdvc h prcpuis th, ig tirgh sdnpmi, fi mh prc-pdh Ecrti. Dbuhm prcei fdndig tc qui fõ is thjmiedfc ph rh mcs odsehmis fi mhs Ecrtis Uupi rdcris. \hrh imgcn jrhndig tc fi mcs hbigtis odsehmis mh rispie tdvh Ecrti Uupi rdcr prisig thrîh ugh tirgh hm Ikieu-tdvc, im qui isecbi rîh ugc. Ig mc finès, si nhg tuvc im sdsti nh fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg hgti rdcr. _cmvdõ hcrfi ghrsi im kudedc pcr kurhfcs ph rh mhs ehushs erdndghmis fim ouirc ecnûg.

\cr im fieri tc fi : fi nh yc fi 805? oui fdsuimth mh Ecrti Uupri nh y si eriõ ug trdju ghm prc-vdscrdc supri nc fi kus tdedh ig im Isthfc Gcr-\i ruhgc. Im fieri tc fi :< fi hbcs tc fi 8054 is thjmi-

edõ ugh Ecrti Uupri nh ig im Isthfc fim Uur.Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 ripdtdõ, ig mc isigedhm, mcs fdspcsdtdvcs fi mhs Ehrths hgti rdcris scjriim \cfir Kufdedhm. Mhs vcehmîhs fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh y Uupi rdcris si rîhg prcvdsths pcr im Ikieutdvcfi heuir fc ecg mh tirgh fc jmi prisig thfh pcr im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc. \h rh mcs kuieis, im Ikieutdvcis ecbîh fi mh tirgh sdnpmi imivhfh pcr mh Ecrti Uupi rdcr rispie tdvh. Im prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmd-eh pcfîh rinc vir h mcs vcehmis fi mh Uupri nh ecg im vctc ugègdni fim Ecg si kc fi Isthfc1 h mcsfi mh Uupi rdcr ecg mcs fcs tiredcs fi vctcs1 y h mcs fi prdni rh dgsthgedh ecg mh nhycrîh hjscmuthfi fd e`c cr bhgdsnc. \cr sî sc mc im kioi fi Is thfc is thjh oheumthfc ph rh suspig fir pcr euh trcni sis h mc nès, c trhsmhfhr h euhmqudir ougedcghrdc fim \cfir Kufdedhm, euhgfc h su kudedc mc ixd-




Mmhnhfc im "Ziy\rufigti", im ncghreh

isphøcm `irifõ fi suphfri, Ehrmcs _, im nhycr

dnpirdc fi su tdinpc,dgtibrhfc pcr Ehstdmmh,

Hrhbõg, Ehthmuøh, Ghvhrrhy _hmigedh, im Zcsimmõg, im

Orhgec-Ecgfhfc,@cmhgfh, Udedmdh, Eirfiøh,

Ndmèg, Gèpcmis, Crèg,Vûgiz, \crtubhm y sus

ecmcgdhs hordehghs, Hn rdeh y mhs Odmdpdghs.Furhgti su ridghfc, si

eriõ ig im \irû imVrdjughm fim Ecgsumhfc,qui scjrivdvdõ `hsth mcs

prdnircs høcs fi mhZipûjmdeh.

OIMD\I DD (89:2-8940)


bdirh mh ecgvigdigedh pûjmdeh. Guivhnig ti ug hrtîeumc ispi eîodec nig edcgõ mcs kudedcs pcr kurh-fcs. Udg injhrbc, gd hgtis `h jîhg sdfc immcs dnpmhgthfcs gd mc ouircg nès thrfi, shmvc ig mcecgeirgdigti h mcs fimdtcs fi dn prig th.

\hrh `heir ioie tdvh mh rispcgshjdmdfhf fi mh Ecrti Uupri nh c fi hmbugc fi sus ndin jrcs, mhEhrth pcmîtdeh fi 80:0 eriõ ug trdju ghm fi sditi kuieis qui fi jîhg sir gcn jrhfcs jdi ghmnig ti pcr

im Ecgbri sc, shehgfc sus gcn jris pcr suir ti fi ug gû ni rc fc jmi fi ehgfdfhtcs mitrhfcs gc pir-ti gi edigtis h fde`c \c fir fim Isthfc. Mh miy prcnumbhfh im 9 fi sitdin jri fi 8058 trh tc fi sudgsthmhedõg y htrdju edcgis. Mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi 8056 nhg tuvc h isti trdju ghm. Uhmhvirry crfi gõ quisdbudirh ougedcghgfc. Ig 8054 oui rhtdodehfh su ixdstig edh. Udg injhrbc, pi si h hdsmhfcs is ouirzcs,gc mmibõ h sir iodehz y mh drcgîh pcpumhr mh jhutdzõ ecg im gcnjri fi "trd ju ghm fi mcs sditi `ui scs".

IM VZDJYGHM FIM ECGUYMHFC.- Isti trdju ghm `hjîh sdfc is thjmiedfc ig Mdnh fis fi impi rîcfc qui dgni fdhthnig ti sdbudõ h mh Ecgqudsth y su ougedcghndig tc oui hprcjh fc pcr Oimd-pi DD ig 8945, sd jdig scmc si `dzc ioietdvc ig 8?85. Im fieri tc fi ? fi nhr zc fi 80:: ehn jdõ sugcn jri tdtumègfc mc Eènh rh fi Ec nir edc fim \irû.

Mc risthjmiedõ, ig phrti y fi nh gi rh priehrdh, im fieri tc fi ? fi nh yc fi 80:9, hgu mhfc pcrfi eri tc fi :: fi si tdin jri fi 80:?. Im fi eri tc fi 8: fi ce tujri fi 80:? eriõ mh Fd puthedõgBigi rhm fi Ecnir edc.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0 crfi gõ im ougedcghndig tc fim ouirc nir ehgtdm1 y mh miy prcnumbhfhim : fi fdedin jri fi 80:4 vcmvdõ h isthjmieir ecg su gcn jri `ds tõrdec im Vrdju ghm fim Ecgsumhfc,ecgocrni h mh crfi ghgzh fi su irie edõg qui fi jîh cj sirvhrsi ig euhg tc gc ouisi ecg trhrdh h mhEcgstdtuedõg y finès miyis fi mh Zipûjmdeh y h mcs ribmhnig tcs fi kustdedh. \hrh sus suimfcs ybhstcs fi jîh hpmdehrsi im firie`c mmhnh fc fi cr fi ghgzh, rifu edfc hm 8% scjri mhs dnpcrthedc-gis. Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056 riorigfõ ugh viz nès mh ixdstig edh mibhm fim trdju ghm fi ecnir edc1y mh miy fi :? fi kumdc fi isi høc si øhmõ mh kurdsfdeedõg fi mhs Ecrtis Uupi rdcris ig si bugfh ytir ei rh dgsthgedh ig mhs ehushs fi is ti rhnc y fi nd gi rîh.

Im Vrdju ghm fim Ecgsumhfc sc jri vdvdõ h trhväs fi mhs turju migedhs qui si suei fdircg ig im phîs.Mh miy fi 9 fi gcvdinjri fi 8054 fds pusc qui ig mh susthgedhedõg y riscmuedõg fi mhs ehushs

nir ehgtdmis si cjsirvhrh istrdethnig ti mc nhgfhfc pcr mhs Crfi ghgzhs fim rhnc. Immhs fijîhgsi budrsi jri vinig ti h is tdmc fi ecnir edhgtis sdg htigfir h mcs trèndtis, tärndgcs y oõrnu mhspris erdtcs phrh mhs ehushs edvdmis1 y ohmmhrsi fi ecg ocrndfhf ecg im hxdcnh ec gcedfc fi "vir fhfshjdfh y jui gh oi buhrfh fh".

Ui ecn pcgîh im Vrdju ghm fim Ecgsumhfc fi ug prdcr y fcs eõg sumis, ecnir edhgtis tc fcs hm pcrnh ycr, imibdfcs pcr sus ecmibhs. Uus ougedcgis irhg fc jmis; fi ug mhfc irh mh igtdfhf ri pri sig th-tdvh fim ecnir edc piruhgc y, hm ndsnc tdin pc, hfndgdstrhjh kustdedh ig prdni rh dgsthgedh ig mcspmidtcs susedthfcs fig trc fim ehnpc nir ehgtdm. Ig isth kurdsfdeedõg quifhjhg ecn prig fdfhs mhsfdoirig edhs igtri `h eig fhfcs, ec nir edhgtis, fui øcs fi oèjrdehs y in jhrehedcgis, ohetcris, ig ec-nig fi rcs y fi pig fdigtis1 scjri ecn prhs y trhtcs purhnig ti nir ehgtdmis, pcrtis, omitis, hvirîhs,qudijrhs, ecn phøîhs, siburcs, mitrhs y finès hsugtcs ri mhtdvcs hm ecnir edc fi nhr y tdirrh.

Ig mhs ehpdthmis fi fi phrthnig tc y mubhris fi eri edfh hetdvdfhf nir ehgtdm, ixdstîhg fdputhedc-gis fi pig fdigtis fim Vrdju ghm fim Ecgsumhfc.Im Eõfdbc fi Ec nir edc fi 8095 rhtdodeõ mh ixdstig edh fi isth igtdfhf.

IM VZDJYGHM FI NDGIZÎH.- Im trdju ghm igehrbhfc fi fd rdbdr im rhnc y sus thgedhr mcs kudedcsrimhtdvcs h mhs ndghs oui irdbdfc ig 8029 y suprdndfc ig 80:8, ig qui si eriõ mh Fdrieedõg Bigi-rhm fi Ndgi rîh. Mh miy fi : fi fdedin jri fi 80:4 mc ris thjmiedõ ig Mdnh, hsî ecnc mhs fdputhedcgisti rrdtcrdhmis ig mcs hsdigtcs fi nd ghs, ecgocrni h mhs crfi ghgzhs pirtdgig tis ig mc qui gc si




UI ECN\CgîHVZDJugHM FECgUuMHFCug \ZDCZ T FEÕgUuMIU,ECNIZEDHgVCFCU HM \NHTCZ, IMIB\CZ UuU ECMUuU ougEDC

IZHg FCJMIUug MHFC IZHIgVDFHFZI\ZIUIgVHVFIM ECNIZE\IZuHgC T, HNDUNC VDIHFNDgDUVZ KuUVDEDH\ZDNIZHDgUVHgEDH\MIDVCUUuUEDVHFCFIgVZC FIMEHN\CNIZEHgVDM


cpusdirhg h mh Ecgstdtuedõg y h mhs miyis, phrh ikireir oheumthfis kurdsfdeedcghmis y bujir ghtdvhsig im fdstrdtc fi su ecn prig sdõg. Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 dgemuyõ igtri mcs trdju ghmis prdvhtdvcsim fi Ndgi rîh. Im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc, pcr gc th fi 80 fi hbcs tc fi 8068, fdc mhs phuths phrh mhcrbhgdzhedõg fi mcs kuzbhfcs y trdju ghmis qui dgtir vigîhg ig mhs ehushs fi is ti ouirc prdvhtdvc.

IM KY[BHFC FI FDI[ NCU.- Hphrti fi immcs, mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi 8054 nig edc gõ mcs trdju gh-mis y kuzbhndig tcs prdvhtdvcs fi fdiz ncs, hbuhs, prishs y ecndscs. Mcs ndmdthris y mcs sheir fc tisbczhjhg hfi nès, fim ouirc pir scghm, is fiedr, tigîhg sus prcpdcs kuieis.

Im Kuzbhfc fi Fdiz ncs si ceu phjh fi mhs ehushs qui pufdirhg susedthrsi ecg nc tdvc fi mhecjrhg zh fi mh ecgtrdju edõg fi isi gcn jri, ph bhfh pcr mh hbrdeumturh phrh nhgutig edõg fi mcsndgdstrcs fim eumtc. \hrh isth ecjrhg zh si `heîh ug rinh ti euyhs ocrnh mdfhfis oui rcg priserdthsig im fieri tc fi 8< fi ku mdc fi 805?1 mcs ohvcriedfcs ig äm `heîhg mh riehufhedõg pcr su euigth ysi cjmdbhjhg h ig tri bhr im priedc ecgvigdfc h mh ecgthfu rîh fi fdizncs y h mh tiscrirîh fiphrth-nig thm rispie tdvh. Euhgfc surbîhg tigsdcgis ecg tig edcshs igtri sujhs thfc ris y phbhfc ris fifdizncs, c ig tri hqui mmcs y mcs phrtîedpis fi mh bruish fi ednhm, hetuhjh ug kuiz `hei fcr fi fdiz-ncs qui irh ug pri jig fhfc. Mhs miyis ri pujmdehghs scjri fdiz ncs oui rcg mh fi 2 fi fdedin jrifi 805: y mh fi 80 fi gc vdinjri fi 8054, prc numbhfh im :8 fi nhr zc fi 806?. Ig ehn jdc, mh miyfi 85 fi hbcs tc fi 8099 hjc mdõ isth ecgtrdju edõg, ecnc `h fi vir si nès hfi mhgti.

IM KY[BHFC FI HBYHU.- \hrh mh prcpdifhf, usc y fdstrdju edõg fi mhs hbuhs fi mh ecsth gc`hjîh miyis bi gi rhmis sdgc ri bmhnig tcs bi gi rhmis; im fi Kuhg fi Ehgsi ec y im fi Hnjrc sdc Eir-fèg fi Mhgfh Udnõg y \cg ti rc, rifhethfc ph rh im vhmmi fi Mdnh1 hsî ecnc im fim fièg Uhhvifrh,phrh mcs fi Vru kdmmc. Im ribmhnig tc fi Eir fèg si `dzc ixtig sdvc phrh tcfh mh Zipûjmdeh y im sibug-fc qui fõ rhtdodehfc ig su vdbig edhm mcehm pcr fieri tc fi 6 fi hbcs tc fi 80681 su kurdsfdeedõg ouihn pmdhfh `hs th mhs prcvdgedhs fi E`demhyc y Mhnjh yiqui pcr fi eri tc fi :8 fi hjrdm fi 809?. Mcs kuieis prdvhtdvcs fi hbuhs fi jîhg ecgceir fi tc fh is pi edi fi ehushs fi is ti rhnc, si bûg imfi eri tc fi :? fi nh yc fi 805? y im fim 6 fi hbcstc fi 8068. Høcs nès thrfi, pcr fi eri tc fi 6fi kugdc fi 8099, su ikirededc quifõ ugdfc h mh kufdehturh fi prdni rh dgsthgedh fim ouirc ecnûg.Mh miy fi :8 fi gcvdinjri fi 80?0 eriõ ug kuiz fi hbuhs ig mh prcvdgedh fi Mdnh.

IM KY[BHFC FI \ZI UHU.- Mcs juquis y nir ehfi rîhs tcnh fcs hm igindbc euhgfc `h jîhbui rrh igtri fcs Is thfcs si mmhnh jhg pri shs. Im kudedc fi pri shs si trhndthjh hgti im ecnhg fhg-ti bi gi rhm fi Nhrdgh ecg hsiscrîh fim hufdtcr fim rhnc (ribmhnigtcs fi :4 fi hjrdm y 8< fi kugdcfi 80::). Mh Ecrti Uupi rdcr y Mh Ecrti Uupri nh ec gceîhg fi mhs hpimhedcgis y fi mcs rieurscs figumdfhf ris pie tdvhnig ti.

IM KY[BHFC FI ECNDUCU.- Ehîhg ig ecndsc mhs nirehfi rîhs euycs fui øcs `h jîhg ohmthfch mhs priserdpedcgis c prc `djdedcgis dnpuis ths h mcs ecnir edhgtis pcr mcs ribmhnig tcs fiecnir edc c fi hfuhghs. Mcs hfndgdstrhfc ris fi mhs hfuhghs prdgedphmis hetuhjhg ig iscs eh scsecnc kui eis fi prdni rh dgsthgedh y si ocrnh jhg trdju ghmis ispi edhmis euhgfc `h jîh hpi mhedõg.Mhs phuths phrh mcs kudedcs isthjhg fh fhs pcr im ribmhnigtc fi ecnir edc.

MCU OYIZCU \IZUCGHMIU.- Mcs ouircs ispi edhmis y pirscghmis phrh sheir fc tis y phrh ndmd-thris ecgtdguhrcg `hsth 809?.



EH\ÎVYMC 58 ◃ D Mcs hspie tcs scedhmisfi mh vdfh pc mîtdeh ◃ Mh ehrrirh ndmdthr.Mcs kiois y codedhmis◃ DD Mh ehrrirh ndmdthr.Mh trcph ◃ Im sdbgdodehfc fim ikäredtc ◃ DDD Mh hrdstcerhedh ecsti øh ◃ D_ Mh hjcmdedõgfi mhs vdgeumhedcgis mhdehmis◃ _ Mh isemh-vdtuf ◃ Im fijh ti sc jri mh isemhvdtuf fi80:0 h 806< ◃ Yg hnhbc fi ri vuimthscedhm; mh ecgspdrhedõg fi Kuhg fi FdcsHmbcrth ◃ Im riemuthndig tc fi is emhvcs ◃

_D Mcs dgfdcs ◃ _DD Mcs eurhtcs ◃ Im emirc

ribumhr◃

Fcndgbh Butdärriz; ugh `i rcd-eh fi emhrhedõg fi dgfi pig fig edh pir-scghm y ug brhvi ecg omdetc ig tri mh kurds-fdeedõg edvdm y iemisdèstdeh ◃ Mh imieedõg

fi cjds pcs ◃ _DDD Im Zibmhnig tc fiEhn phghs. Mcs ripdquis ◃ Im Zibmhnig-tc fi \c mdeîh y Ncrhmdfhf ph rh Mdnh ◃ DP Odscgcnîh fi Mdnh, mhs ehmmis y mhs ehshs◃ Mhs dbmisdhs y mh pmhzhs ◃ Mh dgtrcfue-edõg fi mh ehøi rîh fi odirrc ◃ Mh shyh y imnhg tc ◃ Fdvirsdcgis y ig tri ti gdndig-tcs. Mhs ecrrdfhs fi tc rcs; im tcric hehjh mmc y mhs nu kiris. Mcs fispi kcs◃ Imehrghvhm◃ Im fîh fi Hnhgehis ◃ Mh Ghvd-fhf ◃ Dgti rrupedcgis ig im trèodec ◃ Mcs

ehoäs, mhs pdehgti rîhs◃

Jhmgih rdcs◃

Mcsncg tcgi rcs ◃ Udbgdodehfc fim ncg tcgi-rc hgti mh edufhf, im ehnpc y mh thphfh ◃

Im ehjh mmc fi phsc.


Q VCNC : ^



Q58EH\ÎVYMC

MHU EMHUIU UCEDHMIU. HFI MH _DFH ECVDFDHgH MDNIøH @H



:20 \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 58

Q D ^CU HU\IE VCU UCEDHMIU FI MH _DFH \C MÎVDEH.- Fis fi im pugtc fi vdsth scedhm, mh pcmîtd-eh ig is th äpceh prisig tõ mcs ehrheti ris fi mh dgisthjdmdfhf. Ui suei fîhg ig tcgeis nc tdgis fieuhrtim, prcgugedhndig tcs fi buhr gdedcgis, is thmmdfcs pc pumhris ig ecg trh fi ri bîni gis fis-pris tdbdhfcs, ec rrirîhs fi ncg tcgi rcs. Mhs Ehrths pcmîtdehs y mhs miyis ri bumhfc rhs fim Isthfc y fisus dgstdtuedcgis ehn jdhrcg ecg orieuig edh. Mc gcrnhm risumtõ vdvdr hm nhrbig fi mh gcrnh mdfhfy ouircg is ehscs, ecrtcs y rimhtdvcs mcs pirîcfcs fi mibhmdfhf.

Mhs sdbudigtis tig fig edhs hphriedircg ecg ehrèetir eîemdec;h) Mh tigfig edh h mh ecgscmdfhedõg c pir pituhedõg fi mcs bcjdirgcs qui mcbrhjhg scjri vdvdr

nh gdoisthfh ig im hoèg fi immcs pcr hodhgzhrsi c pcr erihr phrh im outurc dgni fdhtc ugh sdtuhedõgpcmîtdeh dbuhm c hoîg.

j) Mh tigfig edh h mh finh bcbdh ig mh cpdgdõg pûjmdeh, qui si ix pri sõ pcr ni fdc fi mh prcphbhg-fh cpc sdedcgdsth, ecgfi ghtcrdh fim fispctdsnc c fim eîreumc eirrhfc ig qudi gis bc jir ghjhg y qui`hmmõ nûmtdpmis ixpcgig tis ig im pirdcfdsnc c, hehsc, thn jdäg ig mh trdju gh phrmhnig thrdh.

e) Mh tigfig edh h mh dfihmd zhedõg, qui utdmdzõ im isthfc fi ègd nc fi fds bustc c prc tis th phrhpcgir mc hm sirvdedc fi ugh ndgcrîh fi dfiõ mcbcs fdspuis tcs h prhetdehr sus ticrîhs.

f) Mh tigfig edh h mh fdethfu rh, qui mmivõ h sus ûmtdnhs ecg si euig edhs mh riheedõg ecgtrh mcsdfiõmcbcs, ohedmdtõ im surbdndig tc fi mcs ehufdmmcs ndmdthris y utdmdzõ mh ouirzh hrnh fh ig jus eh gcscmc fi prifc ndgdc pirscghm sdgc fim hodhgzhndig tc fim crfig y mh hutcrdfhf.

i) Mh vuimth h mh sdtuhedõg ehrheti rd zhfh ig im pèrrhoc h).Hmbughs fi mhs ohei ths fim prcei sc thg isqui nè tdehnig ti ehrheti rdzhfc hphriedircg ig tri

mcs høcs 80:: y 80:6 ecg ehrheti rîstdehs prcpdhs. Figtrc fim pirîcfc sdbudigti, ecrrispcgfdõ,thn jdäg sdg nigbuh fi sus gc ths pieumdhris, mh ithph h) h mcs høcs 80:9 y 80:?, mh j) y mh e80:21 mh f) h 80:41 mh h) h 80551 mh j) y mh e) h 8056 y mh f) h 8059. Mc ceurrdfc ig tri 8059 y 8054 y8054-806: tuvc ctrcs rhsbcs fdstdgtdvcs fi jdfc h mhs ecnpmdehedcgis fi cr fig dgtir ghedcghm.

Igtri mcs nifdcs ushfcs pcr mcs bcjdirgcs phrh pritig fir pir pi tuhrsi c dgomudr scjri im outu-rc, istuvdircg mhs imieedcgis phrmhnig thrdhs c prisdfig edhmis. Ucmc im räbdnig fi Bh nh rrh mmibõh tirndghr im pirîcfc ecgs tdtuedcghm fi euhtrc høcs. Mh heedõg sujvirsdvh hpimõ hm prcgugedh-ndig tc fi mh buhrgdedõg fi mh ehpdthm ig 80:5 y ig 80:2, ecnc ix pri sdõg fi ug is thfc fi ègd ncecmietdvc1 ig ctrhs cpcrtugdfhfis fd e`h buhrgdedõg oui mihm. Mh numtdtuf hphriedõ hrrcmmhfc rh igMdnh y ig Hri qudph ig 8056. Mcs dfiõmcbcs ohvcri edfcs ecg mcs isthmmdfcs pc pumhris ri sumthrcg

sdigfc mcs mdji rhmis, ig 80:2 y muibc ig 8056. Ocrnu mhrcg ig tcgeis mhs Ecgstdtuedcgis fi 80:0y 8056 ecnc hg tis `h jîhg hprcjh fc mh fi 80:5. Mcs ehufdmmcs qui mcs pusdircg fi mhfc si mmhnh-rcg Bhnh rrh y Mh Ouigti ig 80:4, y Uhmhvirry ig 8059, ecnc ig mcs fîhs fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh`hjîhg sdfc, `hs th edirtc pugtc, Zdvh-Hbýirc y Jcmîvhr.

Ig 80:2 y ig 80:4 si prc fu kircg vimceis ehn jdcs fi rä bdnig qui ph rhmdzhrcg c dgutdmdzhrcgh mcs bcjir ghgtis, ecnc ceu rrdirh ig 80:5. Nuy fdstdgtc oui im ehsc fi 8056 ig qui im ikäredtcmmibõ h igorigthrsi h mh cpdgdõg pûjmdeh, ig ugh hutägtdeh y ncrcsh buirrh edvdm ecg origtis ig imsur, ig eig trc y ig im gcrti. Udg injhr bc, im dg omu kc fi mh cpd gdõg, ougedcghgfc su tdmnig ti, mmibõh fis nc rcghr isi ndsnc høc mhs risdstig edhs fi mh ouirzh hrnh fh. Ig mh buirrh edvdm igtcgeis

M



:2

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9

EH\ÎVYMC 58 \IZÎCFC 8

prcfu edfh, pcr mcs finès, gc mmibõ h `hjir ug hvhgei crbhgdzhfc dgsurrietc scjri Mdnh fis fiHriqudph ecnc ceu rrdõ nès thrfi ig 8065, 8096, 809? y 80?9.

Mh ixdstig edh fi mh phz pûjmdeh gc dnpmdeõ gi ei shrdhnig ti im ougedcghndig tc mdjri fi mhsdgstdtuedcgis fi nc erètdehs. Im tixtc fi mhs Ecgstdtuedcgis y fi mhs miyis imietcrhmis fhjhgdnphredhmnig ti h ehfh edufhfhgc dbuhm vhmcr fi fcgfi ri sumthjh, ig prdgedpdc, im bcjdirgc fi

mhs nhycrîhs. \irc ig im \i rû, ecnc ig im ris tc fi @dsphgchnä rdeh, isth dbuhmfhf gc si `h mmhjhhn phrhfh ig mcs ìe`cs pcr qui ixdstîhg ristrdeedcgis iec gõndehs y scedhmis phrh nue`cs y mhsedreugsthgedhs bicbrèodehs ecgtrdjuîhg h vieis h hbrhvhrmhs. Im Isthfc gc hph ri eîh ig virfhfocrnh fc pcr ugh nh ycrîh fi edufhfhgcs iqudvhmigtis c fi euhg tîh sdndmhr, sdgc pcr ugh nh yc-rîh fi `cn jris fi nuy fd sîndm vhmcr, sibûg mhs ecgfdedcgis fi vdfh. @hjîhg qudigis gc shjîhgfi mc qui si trhthjh, ctrcs ouircg cjmdbhfcs c hrrhstrhfcs fi fds tdgths nhgi rhs h prcei firecnc qui rîhg qudigis mcs fdrdbîhg y ugcs euhgtcs si hrrcbhrõg im firi e`c fi fi edfdr y fi prc-ei fir, hug ig äpc ehs pheîodehs.

Mh finc erhedh ig isths ecgfdedcgis gc oui y gc pufc sir ri pri sig thtdvh. Vhnpcec mmibõ hsirmc høcs nès thrfi, euhg fc jh kc mh odijri bi gäsdeh fi mcs vidgti høcs qui sdbudircg h mh Inhg-edphedõg, y ùjc pi rîcfcs ig qui ph riedircg pri fc ndghr mcs vctcs scjri mhs jhmhs. Ig iscs pirîc-fcs fi ehmnh si heig tuõ im prifc ndgdc fi mcs qui tigîhg nès fd girc y nhycr dgomuigedh iecgõ-ndeh c pc mîtdeh. Fi i e`c, sdin pri ù jc sie tcris ix emudfcs c pcs puis tcs y gc scmc mcs dbghrcs yrurhmis sdgc, hfi nès, mcs qui ouircg ecgsdfi rhfcs ig mh ehti bcrîh fi dgecgvigdigtis c hf virscspcr nès qui is tcs ouirhg ig ugh prcvdgedh, ug fiphrthnig tc c im phîs ndsnc mh brhg nhycrîh.Fdbgîsdncs eh jh mmircs gc tdtujih rcg ig ec ni tir orhufis imietcrhmis, h vieis brcsi rcs. Ig hmbugcspi rîcfcs ù jc ig mh cpdgdõg pûjmdeh fi sig tig fdndig tc, fi sègdnc, hphtîh, ecgedigedh fi qui imcrfig kurîfdec irh hkigc, hrtdodedhm, dnpuis tc. \cr im ecgtrhrdc, ig nès fi ugh cpcr tugdfhf, ec nc`h fi vir si thn jdäg ig ehpîtumcs pcsti rdcris, surbdõ im hmzhndig tc pcpumhr. T isi hmzhndig tc hph-riedõ ecnc ug nc vdndig tc pmijdsedthrdc, ecnc ix pri sdõg nès `cgfhnig ti fi nc erètdeh qui mhfi mh mibhmdfhf gc ndghm. Muibc vcmvdõ h rihphrieir mh ohmth fi is thjdmdfhf y fi hu tig tdedfhf fi mhfi nc erhedh `hsth qui pufc ocrnhr si ugh gui vh y ivigtuhm ixpmcsdõg pcpumhr.

H pishr fi tc fcs mcs cjstèeumcs y mhs dnpir oieedcgis fi mh rihmdfhf, mcs Isthfcs `dsphgchni-rdehgcs, fis fi im nc nig tc fi prc emhnhr su dgfi pig fig edh, hsundi rcg im "ecnprcndsc" fihfcp thr mcs dfihmis y mhs dgstdtuedcgis fi mh fi nc erhedh ripri sig thtdvh. Ygh fi sus nès ivdfig tisixpri sdcgis oui im hoèg fi mibhmdzhr mh hutcrdfhf pc mîtdeh h trhväs fi ug nhg fhtc ecgstdtuedcghm,hug ig mcs eh scs ig qui im pcfir prc vdgc fi ug nc tîg. Gc ùjc ig im \i rû prisdfigti hmbugc,euhmqudirh qui ouisi su gcn jri y hug qui hfcp thsi im tîtumc fi "prctie tcr", "kioi supri nc", "ris-thurhfcr" c "ribi gi rhfcr", qui gc hgugedhrh scmingi nig ti y qui gc jus ehsi ig hmbugh ocrnhcj ti gir ugh dgvistdfu rh hnphrhfh pcr ugh Ecgstdtuedõg y pcr im suorhbdc. Ish oui ugh fi mhsehushs fi mh prcmdoirhedõg fi Ehrths pcmîtdehs. Hugqui gc oui si rihm mh susthgedh, mh ocrnh fi nc-erètdeh sdnjc mdzõ isi pir nh gig ti "ecn prcndsc".

Q DD ^

MH EHZZIZH NDMDVHZ. MCU KIOIU T CODEDHMIU.- Fis puäs fi ecg emudfh mh buirrh fi mhDgfi pig fig edh, ecg nctdvc fi mcs ecgomdetcs dgtir ghedcghmis surbdfcs prdni rc ecg Ecmcnjdh ymuibc ecg Jc mdvdh y h ehush fi mh dgisthjdmdfhf pc mîtdeh y fi mh sujsdstig edh cjmdbhfh fi ug ikär-edtc ecgsdfi rhjmi, mh ehrrirh ndmdthr sdbudõ mmivhgfc h mcs nès hmtcs ehrbcs pûjmdecs. Im ndmdthrripri sig tõ im phpim prifc ndghgti qui ig mh äpceh ecmcgdhm `hjîh ti gdfc im sheir fc ti y qui, igäpcehs pcsti rdcris, ecrrispcgfdõ hm `cnjri fi gi bcedcs. Gc scmc mh \risdfig edh fi mh Zipûjmdehpufc sir hn jdedcghfh pcr kiois fdstdgbudfcs c pris tdbdcscs1 ndmdthris pc fîh `hjir (hug qui ecgs-tdtuedcghmnig ti gc ig hmtc gûni rc) ig im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc1 y, sdg mdndthedcgis fi is ti tdpc, igmcs ndgdsti rdcs, im \hrmhnig tc, mhs prioieturhs y ctrcs ehrbcs.

MHU EHZVH\CMîVDEHUMITIUZIBuMHFCZFIM IUVHFCUuUDgUVDVuEDEHNJDHZCgoZIEuIgEDHgCZNHM ZIU_D_DZ HM NFI MHgCZNHMDFHouIZCg IUEHECZVCU TZIMHVD_CU\IZîCFCU FIMIBHMDFH



:0<







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


Mh ecni fdh fi Uiburh Im Uhrbigtc Ehgutc, is tri ghfh ig 8054, pdgth h ug phfri hjru nh fcpcr mh trhbi fdh fcnäs tdeh fim ehshndig tc fi sus `d khs y oimdz ecg mh emhsi fi gc vdcs qui surbiphrh immhs.

T ecnc `cy im ehirsi nuir tc

trhjh khgfc gc fh nèsqui eèmeumcs sdg ecgedirtc y sdin pri hgfh ugc fi trèsfim fdgi rc y fim hedirtc1 y ecnc gd hug sir in pmihfcig mc pcmîtdec vhmi pcrqui ig im suimfc phbhfcim høc h fcs nisis shmi1 yc eriõ `hjir heir thfceuhgfc `i pc fdfc ig ecgtrhr ug gcvdc phrh ehfh ughqui jdig mhs `h fi trhthr1 pcrqui, e`dehs, mh ocrtughohvcriei hm ndmdthr.

Ig ehn jdc, nu e`hs vi eis ehyircg ig fis brhedh mcs kiois y codedhmis. Mh pigh fi nuir ti, hecgsi euig edh fim dgocrtugdc pcmîtdec, oui oigõni gc ni gcs orieuig ti ig im \i rû qui ig ctrcsphîsis `dsphgchni rdehgcs fi hqui mmh äpceh. Ig ug euhfrc pu jmdehfc pcr Uhgtdhbc Vèvhrhecnc hpäg fdei fi su @dstcrdh fi mcs phrtdfcs hphri ei mh mdsth fi mhs ikieuedcgis pc mîtdeh. Mhs vîe-tdnhs fis puäs fi 80:6 irhg mhs sdbudigti; Ji rdgfch bh y Virõg (qui gc pir ti gi eîhg h mh prcoi-sdõg ndmdthr) y im codedhm Hrdstdzèjhm furhgti im räbdnig vdthmdedc1 im ehpdtèg Zcssim y mcs codedhmishutcris fim nc tîg fi Hyheue`c fu rhgti im prdnir bc jdirgc fi Bh nh rrh1 im bigi rhm _hmmi Zdistrhy im codedhm Fimbhfc pcr cr fig fi Uh mhvirry1 Mh Vcrri y sus ecn phøi rcs ousdmhfcs pcr Uhgth Eruzfis puäs fi mh jhthmmh fi Thgcece`h1 Uhmhvirry y sus prdgedphmis kiois ikieuthfcs ig Hri qudph1Bcgsir, phrtdfh rdc heärrdnc fi Uh mhvirry1 Mmirigh, ieuhtcrdhgc1 Mu kèg, e`dmigc y im ecrcgim Bud-mmäg, piruhgc1 thnjdäg ikieuthfcs ig mh äpc eh fi Uhgth Eruz1 Mh Vcrri, vdetdnh fc ig im pui jmcfi Nc yhjhn jh ig edreugsthgedhs cseurhs1 im ecrcgim Jczh ousdmhfc ig Hri qudph hm orhehshr mhZibi gi rhedõg fi _dvhgec ig 8068.

Nig edcgh muibc Vèvhrh mhs ikieuedcgis pu rhnig ti nd mdthris pcr fi mdtcs ecmietdvcs. Fispuäsfi 80:6, immhs tuvdircg ecnc crdbig; im nctîg fi @ûshris fi Kugîg ig 80:? ig Khu kh fcgfi is thugdfhf oui fdiz nh fh c qudgthfh1 mh sujmivhedõg fi @uhvdqui ig 80:2 qui tir ndgõ ecg mhnuir ti fi is ti kioi ig fui mc ecg Uhmhvirry1 im mivhgthndig tc fim jhthmmõg \de`dge`h ig Hri qud-ph ig 80:4 qui fdc mubhr h qui ecg mh trcph si hpmdehrh ugh viz nès im prcei fdndig tc fi fdiz-nhr mh c qudgthrmh1 im nctîg fi Ji ei rrh ig im Ehmmhc ig 8059 mdqudfhfc hm tcnhr Uhmhvirry mh ocr-thmizh y ousdmhr h hquim1 im qui isthmmõ ig \durh ig 8050 fig trc fi ug jh thmmõg qui ocrnh jh

Dbuhîg qui fdc mubhr hm ousdmhndig tc fi ug scmfhfc1 ctrc nc tîg nuy sdndmhr ig isi ndsnc mubhrig 806< ecg dbuhm risumthfc. Vèvhrh (ig 80?:) hgcth qui ig euh rig th y fcs høcs fi tur ju migedhs `hjîh `h jdfc 45 vîetd-

nhs pcr iki euedcgis, ehsd mh ndthf cr fi ghfhs pcr Uhgth Eruz. "Ygh ehrrithfh fi mhs nue`hs quishmîhg fim trdju ghm rivcmuedcghrdc h mh budmmctdgh (hbribh) mmivhjh nès big ti qui mh qui guistrhsrivcmuedcgis `hg sherdodehfc ig im mhrbc mhpsc fi 6: høcs".

Mh nuirti ig mh jhthmmh pcfîh dgti rrun pdr mh ehrrirh fi mcs kiois nès ig eun jrh fcs. Bhnh rrhpir fdõ mh \risdfig edh, mh buirrh y mh vdfh ig Dgbhvd. Imäspuru ehyõ ig Tugbhy y riedjdõ fis puäsfi ohmmieir im brhfc fi nh rdsehm. Orîhs nurdõ ig im ecnjh ti fi @uhymheue`c ig 8056.

MH NuIZVI Ig MHJHVHMMH \CFîH

DgVIZZuN\DZ MHEHZZIZH FI MCU

KIoIU N UIgEuNJZHFCU.

BHNHZZH \IZFDÕMH \ZIUDFIgEDH,MH BuIZZH T MH_DFH Ig DgBH_D.IMäU\uZu EHTÕ

Ig TugBHT TZIEDJDÕ FIU\uäU

FI oHMMIEIZ IMBZHFC FINHZDUEHM.



Mcs dgdedcs ripujmdehgcssi ehrhetirdzhrcg pcr

ugh brhg dgisthjdmdfhf bigirhfh pcr

ecgomdetcs, buirrhs yrivuimths. \cr isi

nctdvc, mcs ndmdthrisouircg prcthbcgdsths fi

mh iseigh pcmîtdeh yhseigfdircg ig

t rndgcs scedhmis. Ig mhdnhbig vincs mh

riprisigthedõg fi ugecnhgfhgti codedhm findmdedhs, pujmdehfh ig

im mdjrc_cyhbi hutcurfu ncgfi sur mh or bhti

_ gus (8068).

MCU NDMDVHZIU T MH IUEIGH\CMÎVDEH

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 58 :0:

Ucmîh ceurrdr qui mcs vigedfcs ig mhs buirrhs edvdmis c edvdm-dgtir ghedcghmis ouirhg prdvhfcsfi sus brh fcs c tî tumcs1 ug vuimec fi mh suirti c im phsc fim tdinpc qui si righjh mcs ègdncs,mcs vcmvîh h ecmcehr ig im isehmhoõg, h vieis ecg im hfdthnig tc fi sir "ji gi nä rdtcs h mh phtrdh".Im tîtumc fi "trhdfcr h mh phtrdh" mmibõ h sir dnpuis tc h Zdvh-Hbýirc y h Crji bcsc. Zdvh-Hbýircoui ri`hjdmdthfc ig 805: y Cr ji bcsc ig 8062.

Mhs emhsis hecnc fhfhs gc fis fi øhrcg ig mh dgdedhedõg fi mh Zipûjmdeh tigir brhfcs nd mdthris. Imgûemic fi `cn jris fds tdgbudfcs pcr su ghedndig tc oui, sdg injhrbc, hûg igtcgeis, dgoirdcr hm quiripri sig thjhg mcs qui `hjîhgsi dnprcvdshfc gcn jri y pc sdedõg. Im ikäredtc coriedõ mh ûgdeh ocrnhfi hs eig sc scedhm rèpdfc ig hqui mmh scedifhf is trhtdodehfh. Im \irû mmibõ h tigir ig Bhnh rrh y igUhgth Eruz ig 80:2, 80:4 h 8055, 805? h 8054 y 8054 h 8068, prisdfigtis sirrhgcs y nis tdzcs.

@ujc, hfi nès, ug brupc fi ki ois simietcs qui irhg ix trhg kircs fi gh edndig tc y qui ecn-jh tdircg gc scmc ig mh buirrh fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh, sibûg si vdc ig ehpîtumc hgti rdcr, sdgc thn-jdäg ig mhs ecgtdigfhs pcs ti rdcris. Budssi, Ndmmir, Ybhrti eì, \mhzh, Jcrbcøh, Nhrtîgiz fi Hph-rdedc, Gieceìh, Hmt`hus, Ncrèg, Uhmei fc, Eir fi øh, Ispdgczh ouircg hmbugcs fi immcs. Im bigi rhme`dmigc Zhnõg @i rrirh mmibõ h sir prisdfigti fim Is thfc Uur-\i ruhgc. Hmbugcs ndmdthris `h jîhgehpdtumhfc ig Hyheue`c y ouircg dgecrpcrhfcs hm ikäredtc ghedcghm. IgIm Ecnir edc fim 5< fi kugdc fi 8069 istè mh rimhedõg fi mcs ixtrhg kircs qui odburhjhg ig tcgeis ig im isehmhoõg; sunh-jhg : brhg fis nh rdsehmis, ? bigi rhmis fi fdvdsdõg, ? fi jrdbhfh, :6 ec rcgi mis, 86 shrbig tcsnh ycris, :0 ehpdthgis, 82 ti gdigtis.

Ig 80:? y ig 805:-56 mmibõ h sir erihfc im ecmibdc ndmdthr. H pishr fi is tcs is ouirzcs, mhprcoisdõg ehstrig si fi pig fdõ fi ehn phøhs oimdeis c dgocrtughfhs. \u fc `h jir ig nu e`hs edr-eugsthgedhs im ctcrbhndig tc fi brh fcs sdg istufdcs c priphrhedõg privdcs, im hseig sc ig imehn pc fi jh thmmh c pcr rhzcgis pc mîtdehs, im shmtc ig mh isehmh kirèrqudeh. Vhnjdäg si fdi rcgguni rcscs ehscs fi qui si ctcr bõ im phbc fi mh emhsi supi rdcr dgni fdhth.

Ecgtrh im hjusc fim hseig sc dgnc fi rhfc rihe edcghrcg mh Ecgstdtuedcgis. Mh fi 8056 fdspu-sc qui gc si fdi rh nès brhfcs fi nd mdthris qui mcs fi mhs vhehgtis fi pmhzhs ioietdvhs ig mcseuirpcs pir nh gig tis fi mh ouirzh pûjmdeh y mcs fieri thfcs pcr heedcgis fdstdgbudfhs ig imehn pc fi jh thmmh. Mh fi 8054 crfi gõ qui ù jdi si, ig im ikäredtc, h mc nès, ug brhg nhrdsehm, trisbi gi rhmis fi fdvdsdõg, sids fi jrdbhfh1 y ig mh hrnh fh ug vdeihmndrhgti y ug ecgtrhmndrhgti.

Gc sdinpri istcs y ctrcs fdspcsdtdvcs pufdircg sir eun pmdfcs.Ygh trhfdedõg fi Zdehrfc \hmnh tdtumhfh Mh prci zh fi Ji gdtis rivimh sdnjõ mdehnig ti im fis-

tdgc fim codedhm fi igtcgeis hm qui suimi ripri sig tèrsi mi ecnc dgsfdsedpmdghfc y hmibri, dgscmig-ti y run jc sc, bhmhgti y ncg thrhz, heie`hfc ig euhmqudir igerued khfh pcr mh nuirti cs eurh cim igeun jrhndig tc fis munjrh fcr. Ji gdtis, ig vdhfc pcr Uhmhvirry h pirsi budr ugcs ncgtcgi-rcs ig im ehndgc ig tri Mdnh y Ehmmhc, si igtri tuvc ig ugh khrhgh fi mhs fi "hrph, budthrrh yeh kõg" y oui scrprig fdfc pcr immcs. Hgti mh prdni rh gctdedh fi isti ig euig trc mmivhfh pcr ugshrbig tc qui oui puis tc ig oubh pcr mcs fdsphrcs dgdedhmis, Uhmhvirry fdetõ fcs õr fi gis; ugh fihseig sc y ctrh fi ousdmhndig tc phrh Jigdtis. H pcec vcmvdõ isti trhyig fc prdsdcgi rcs h mcs ncg-tcgi rcs y ig viz fi ousdmhndig tc ri edjdõ im hseig sc.

Mcs kiois y codedhmis "ritdrhfcs" si `h jîhg hmi khfc fi odgdtdvhnig ti fi mh prcoisdõg1 y mcs "dgfi-

odgdfcs" pc fîhg sir mmhnh fcs gui vhnig ti h immh. Mh riocrnh nd mdthr fi eri thfh pcr im Ecgbri scfu rhgti im prdnir bc jdirgc fi Bh nh rrh h mh qui si `h rioirdfc yh ctrc ehpîtumc fi isti mdjrc,fdc mubhr h qui ouisi erih fc ug ehpdthm fi ehsd tris ndmmcgis fi pi scs y brhvhnig hguhm fi85?.?<< piscs pcr rhzõg fi dgti ri sis phrh sir fdstrdjudfcs ig tri mcs :?4 kiois codedhmis qui siriocrnh rcg. Fd kc Nigfdju ru ig su ni nc rdh ecnc nd gdstrc fi Bui rrh ig 8069; "Nue`cs vig-fdircg h priedcs îgodncs sus eä fu mhs1 ctrcs gc pcfîhg scsti gir si ecg mh ehgtdfhf fi mcs räfdtcs1gc ti gîhg ohedmdfhf fi hncr tdzhr sus ehpdthmis fi ug nc fc qui mis coriedisi vig th khs; scjri vdgcim htrhsc fim phbc fi mcs dgti ri sis pcr mcs trhstcrgcs pûjmdecs y isths ndsnhs ecg vumsdcgis orhg-quih rcg h mcs riocrnh fcs gui vh igtrhfh ig mh ehrrirh ndmdthr. Mcs nès dgbri shrcg ig mcs ndsncs



:0

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


in pmics qui tuvdircg hgtis y ri edjdi rcg hseig scs ecgsi eutdvhnig ti, ecg mc qui quifh rcg igni kcr ecgfdedõg qui mcs qui gc si riocrnh rcg y im irhrdc su kitc h suordr mh ehrbh fi ugh fiu fhedreumhgti y hncr tdzhjmi".

MH EHZZIZH NDMDVHZ. MH VZC\H.- Mh trcph si ocrnh jh h trhväs fi ugh nd th; im riemuth-ndig tc c ecgserdpedõg ocrzhfh i dgfdserdndghfh. Ygh viz fhfh mh crfig pcr im prioietc (euig thNdmmir ig sus ninc rdhs) mcs "mivhfcs" irhg mmivhfcs h mh ehpdthm fim fiphrthnig tc y fi hmmî hmeuhrtim, fcgfi im kioi fi Is thfc Nh ycr mcs fistdghjh h mcs euirpcs rispie tdvcs1 pirc ig tri iscs"mivhfcs" scmîhg isthr, dgfdstdgthnig ti, im phfri y im `d kc, im `cnjri dgfus trdcsc y im vhbhjug fc.Im riemuthndig tc `h eîh istrhbcs, scjri tc fc, ig mh pcjmhedõg `èjdm fi mh sdirrh. Dbgcrhgtisnu e`hs vi eis fim dfdcnh y fi mh ehush qui fi oigfîhg, si ecgvirtîhg mcs dgfdcs ig scmfhfcsvhmdigtis euhgfc mcs kiois mis fhjhg im ikinpmc1 y su ehphedfhf ph rh mhs nhre`hs y mh risdstig edhsi `dzc mibig fhrdh fisfi mh buirrh fi mh dgfi pig fig edh. Mcs scmîhg hecnphøhr, ecn phrtdigfcsus pighmdfhfis, mhs rhjc ghs, qui irhg sus nu kiris, sus prcvii fc rhs, sus hsdstig tis. Mcs dgfdcsocrnh jhg ig su nh ycrîh mh dgohgti rîh1 mcs zhnjcs y gi brcs fi mh ecsth prioirîhg, ig ehnjdc, mhehjh mmirîh. Im riemuthndig tc h eîhsi thn jdäg, ig fîhs fi inir big edh ecg euhmqudir cn jri quiirh ig ecgtrhfc ig mhs ehmmis. @ujc ec mibdcs qui sus pigfdircg h vieis, pcr immc, sus emhsis. Gcohmtõ im riemuthndig tc fi ix trhg kircs ecnc ceu rrdõ ig sitdin jri fi 8059 ecg ec nir edhgtis,trhgsiûg tis y vi ti rhgcs fi mh dgfi pig fig edh ieuhtcrdhgh (prctis th fim eõgsum Orhgedsec N.Zceh, 8: fi si tdin jri, Hre`dvc fd pmcnè tdec piruhgc, _cm. DP).

Uibûg si `h vdstc yh, scmfhfcs pi ruhgcs dgti brhrcg mcs euirpcs ecmcnjdhgcs1 y nue`cs fiimmcs ouircg ig vdhfcs h Ecmcnjdh.

Im gûni rc fim ikäredtc oui nuy vhrdhjmi. Mmibõ h hseig fir fis puäs fi Hyheue`c h ?.<<<`cn jris. Ygh miy fi 8¼ fi sitdin jri fi 8058 mdndtõ mh ouirzh hrnh fh fi mh Zipûjmdeh h 5.<<<`cn jris. @hedh odgis fi 8056 (fis puäs fi mh buirrh edvdm fi isi høc qui hunig tõ mcs ioietdvcsndmdthris brhgfi nig ti) Crji bcsc mcs rifu kc h :.49<. Uhgth Eruz pusc hm ikäredtc ig pdi fi 8?.<<<fu rhgti mh Ecgoifi rhedõg, fispuäs fi \hu ehrphth1 pirc scmc 88.<<< ecrrispcgfîhg hm \irû.

Ig mhs buirrh edvdmis y edvdm-dgtir ghedcghmis irh ecstun jri qui im ikäredtc vig ei fcr dgecrpc-rhsi h su odmhs h mcs scmfhfcs fim ikäredtc vig edfc. Ig 8059 vis tîhg ugdocrnis ieuh tcrdhgcs prd-sdcgi rcs pi ruhgcs ig mh ehnphøh fi 80:4, hg tdbucs nh rdgcs, y fi sir tcris fi mh buhrgdedõg fiBuhyhqudm c fi mh orhbhth \ri sdfig ti euhgfc immh si dgeig fdõ ig hqui mmh äpceh.

IM UDBGDODEHFC FIM IKäZEDVC.- Ui `h `hjmhfc nu e`c heir eh fim ioietc qui tu vc mh ouir-zh ndmdthr ig ri mhedõg ecg mh dgisthjdmdfhf pc mîtdeh. Uurbdõ, fi `i e`c, ugh sdtuhedõg sini khgti,ig edirtc sig tdfc, h mh fi Zcnh ig mh äpceh fim Jh kc Dnpi rdc1 c h mh fi Hnärdeh ig im pirîcfcqui in pi zõ dgni fdhthnig ti fis puäs fi mh Ecgqudsth1 c h mh fi Isphøh ig im sdbmc PDP furhg-ti im ridghfc fi Dshjim DD y h trhväs fi mcs høcs sdbudigtis. Ig mh husig edh fi ctrcs iminig tcsfdrie tdvcs, im pcfir pc mîtdec ehyõ ig nh gcs fi mh prcoisdõg ehstrig si. Hm dgvistdbhfcr sc edhm

ecrrispcgfi rè fdmuedfhr, sd figtrc fi hqui mmhs edreugsthgedhs, pufc sir fi ctrc nc fc. E`dmituvc ugh ivcmuedõg fdstdgth y gc isthjh nuy mi kcs. \hrh mh bicbrhoîh risumthjh ohvcri edigfc h mhugdfhf gh edcghm y mh emhsi fdrdbig ti pir nh gi eîh dgtheth, `hjîh pri sdfdfc im prcei sc fi mh inhg-edphedõg ig ugh buirrh ecrth y sdg dgtir oirig edhs ixtrhg kirhs, su nig thmdfhf si heir ehjh nès hmh ncfir gh jurbui sîh1 hfinès, mcs brhgfis eig trcs fi pc jmhedõg, Uhgtdhbc y Ecgeip edõg, gcsi h mmhjhg h brhg fdsthgedh igtri sî, y mcs fisgdvimis rhedhmis irhg nigcs dgtig scs1 y, scjri tc fc,im bigdc fi \cr thmis pufc erihr im Isthfc "ig ocrnh" sdg mdbhrmc h mh odburh oubhz fi ug ehufdmmc.Ctrc ohetcr ohvcrhjmi oui mh sdtuhedõg bicbrèodeh fim phîs ig rimhedõg ecg im fdrie tc ecnir edcnh rîtdnc prc ei fig ti fi Iu rcph.

(…) Ig _IDgVHøCU FI _DFDgFI\IgFDIgVgC @HJîHgEHNJDHFC MZHîEIU FI MIUVZuEVuZHIECgÕNDEHUINDoIuFHM\HîU. gD UD

MH MIT UCJHJCMDEDÕ_DgEuMHEDMHDEHMIU@HJîH UuZVUuU IoIEVCU8068 T UuJUMCU NHTCZT CVZHU oCFI DN\IFDZ MMDJZIEDZEuMHEDÕg MH VDIZZH



:06 \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 58

Hsî si figcndghjh hhquimmhs nukiris qui

hecnphøhjhg h susispcscs furhgti mhsehnphøhs ndmdthris.

Ig im ehnpc fi jhthmmhsi `heîhg ehrbc fi mcs

`irdfcs, fim rhge`c y fimhs prcvdsdcgis. Uu mhjcrirh ougfhnigthm phrh im

juig ougedcghndigtc fimik redtc y ig cehsdcgis

dgtirvdgdircg dgemusc igim ecnjhti. Im brhjhfc

fi mh pceh quicjsirvhncs hquî

pirtigiei h H. H. Jcghoo .

MHU ZHJCGHU \i rc, h pishr fi tc fhs mhs edreugsthgedhs hfvirshs c dgohusths ig mh prdni rh phrti fim sdbmcPDP piruhgc, im ikäredtc ri pri sig tõ h mh ghedõg. Udg Kugîg y sdg Hyheue`c, mh phtrdh gc `hjrîhinir bdfc. Origti h mcs pimdbrcs fi nu tdmhedõg, fisdgti brhedõg c fdscmuedõg, `cn jris fi ugd ocr-ni pri sirvhrcg h mh pirscgh ghedcghm. ³Xuä `hjrîh sdfc fim \i rû sdg im ikäredtc fu rhgti im mhrbcpi rîcfc qui vh fis fi mhs erdsds dgtir gc-dgtir ghedcghmis fi 80:2 y 80:4 `hsth mhs erdsds dgtir gc-

dgtir ghedcghmis fi 8068 y 806:3 @hjrîh pir fdfc bdrcgis fi su ph trdnc gdc, iminig tcs fi su sir,hehsc hsth su ndsnc gcn jri. Ig ecg trhsti ecg mhs fdodeumthfis qui ig tcgeis irhg ocrndfh jmisy mhs vhrdifh fis bic brèodehs, mhs ouirzhs hrnh fhs si fis phrrhnh rcg pcr im tirrdtcrdc y htrh kircgpir scghm fi mhs fdstdgths ribdcgis. H pishr fi mhs fdoirig edhs ätgdehs y fi mcs fisgdvimis fi ehrèe-tir sc edhm y iecgõndec, hecbdircg pcr dbuhm h bigti fi tc fhs mhs prcei fig edhs, eunpmdircg hsî,h su nhgi rh, ugh ougedõg finc erètdeh y mis dgougfdircg, nès hmmè fi mcs ecgeip tcs prcoisdcgh-mis, ug sigtdfc fi gh edcghmdfhf. Gc scmc si fiji `h jmhr, puis, fi mcs trhstcrgcs pcmîtdecs c fimbhstc ri pri sig thfc pcr suimfcs y pig sdcgis euhgfc si vh mcrdei im phpim fi mcs dgstdtutcs hrnh-fcs fu rhgti mcs prdni rcs høcs fi mh Zipûjmdeh.

Q DDD ^MH HZDUVCEZHEDH ECUVIØH.- Fi jh kc fi mh dgisthjdmdfhf pc mîtdeh ecgtdguõ fu rhgti mcs prd-ni rcs høcs fi mh Zipûjmdeh im isthtdsnc sc edhm. Isi is im sînjc mc dgvîvdtc fi mh pirfu rhedõg fimh ncfh fi mh shyh y fim nhgtc ig mhs nu kiris fi Mdnh.

Mh hrdstcerhedh ecmcgdhm hjîh pir fdfc sus tîtumcs fi gcjmizh y sus iseufcs fi hr nhs y `h jîhsuordfc, y si buîh suordigfc, mcs ioietcs fi mhs mue`hs ix tir ghs i dgtis tdghs1 pirc ecgsirvõ supris tdbdc. Gc tuvc ugh dgomuigedh pcmîtdeh euycs ohvcris djhg oubhznig ti h mhs brhgfis odburhsndmdthris, nis tdzhs nue`hs fi immhs, hugqui gc ohmthrhg mcs hrdstõerhths pcpumhris ecnc MudsKcsä fi Cr ji bcsc. Oui mh suyh, scjri tc fc, ugh dgomuigedh scedhm. Im inpcjri edndig tc ig qui`hjîh ehîfc mh gcjmizh ocrnh jh phrti fim in pcjri edndig tc fim phîs (y fi immc is ug ixpcgig-ti im ocmmitc ecg mh qui kcsh ripri sig thedõg fi mcs vumgi rhfcs fi rie`cs fi mcs `heig fhfcs fiMdnh, pu jmdehfc ig 8055 pcr Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc). \i rc ig vidgti høcs fi vdfh dgfi pig fdigtigc h jîhg ehn jdhfc mhs rhîeis fi mh istrueturh iecgõndeh sindoiufhm fim phîs. Gd sdqudirh mh miyscjri mh hjcmdedõg fi vdgeumhedcgis mhdehmis fi 80:0 `hjîh surtdfc sus ioie tcs ig 8068 y sujsds-tîhg mcs nhycrhzbcs y ctrhs ocrnhs fi dn pi fdr mh mdjri edreumhedõg fi mh tdirrh.

Q Dv ^MH HJCMDEDÕG FI MHU _DGEYMHEDCGIU MHDEHMIU.- Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0 fi emhrõqui tc fhs mhs prcpdifh fis irhg igh kighjmis. Im Ecgbri sc, pcr ugh riscmuedõg fi 8¼ fi fdedin-jri fi 80:4, fds pusc qui mcs pcsii fc ris fi jdi gis vdgeumhfcs is thjhg cjmdbhfcs, fis fi mhpujmdehedõg fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg, hm eunpmdndig tc fi mcs ecgtrhtcs qui `u jdi sig ei mijrh fc igmh phrti qui mh miy scjri igh kighedcgis mis ecgei fdirh mh mdjri fds pcsdedõg.

Ecg oie`h :< fi fd edin jri fim ndsnc høc si ix pdfdõ fde`h miy (prcnumbhfh im 88 fi igi rc

fi 805<). Vcfcs mcs jdigis fi vdgeumhedõg mhdehm, fi euhmqudir bägi rc, ouircg fi emhrhfcs igh kigh-fcs ecg mh ehmdfhf fi gc pc fir fdspcgir fi immcs ig ohvcr fi nh gcs nuir ths. Mcs hetuhmis pcsii-fc ris pc frîhg fdspcgir mdjri nig ti ecg hrri bmc h mhs miyis, ig sus fîhs c phrh fis puäs fi immcs, fimh ndthf fi mcs jdigis vdgeumhfcs, ri sirvhgfc mh ctrh ndthf phrh im dgni fdhtc suei scr, qudigtig frîh, ig su ehsc, mh ndsnh oheumthf sdg risirvhr ecsh hmbugh. Mcs jdigis pir ti gi edigtis h mhsdbmisdhs, ncghsti rdcs y finès mubhris pdhfc scs si pc fîhg igh kighr ecg dgocrnh edõg privdh fiutdmdfhf hg ti im kuiz sieumhr, edthedõg fi sus phtrcgcs, pèrrcecs c pri mhfcs y mdeig edh ixpri sh fimUupri nc Bc jdirgc, ecg dgocrni fim cr fdghrdc iemisdèstdec, shmvc sdinpri mcs ehpdthmis qui jhsth-rig phrh mmighr mhs pigsdcgis qui mcs brhjh jhg hm :% ig mcs prifdcs rûstdecs y hm 5% ig mcs urjh gcs.



:0

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


Isth miy gc tuvc eun pmdndig tc iodehz. @h fi virsi, h prcpõsdtc fim prdnir bc jdirgc fiEhstdmmh, mh miy qui mh hnpmdõ y mh ecnpmitõ.

Q v ^

MH IUEMH _DVYF.- Ig mh hbrdeumturh fi mh ecsth fc ndghjh mh istrueturh fi mh pmhgthedõg, jhshfhig im eumtdvc fi mh ehøh fi hzûehr qui, fis fi mcs ûmtdncs fîhs ec mcgdhmis, `hjîh ni kcrhfc ecg mhdgtrcfue edõg fi mh ehøh fi Vh dtî. Mh priphrhedõg fim hzûehr si `heîh fi nc fc migtc y hgtdeuhfcig mcs trhpde`is c dgbi gdcs ncvdfcs pcr jui yis c nu mhs. Ucmc ig ugh `hedigfh eir eh fi Mdnhsi `h jîh dgtrcfu edfc ig 8068 ugh nè qudgh h vhpcr phrh isth dgfus trdh. Im ecgsunc ig is ehmh irhghedcghm sd jdig pcfîh ehmdodehrsi fi ecg sdfi rhjmi mh ixpcrthedõg h E`dmi.

\cr mhs trcpi mîhs qui hecnphøhrcg h mh buirrh fi mh Dgfi pig fig edh, mcs ougfcs qui fhrcghrrudghfcs. Hm tirndghr immh, mcs prcpdithrdcs inpi zhrcg h risthjmieirmcs ecg mc euhm mcbrhrcg utd-mdfhfis nu e`c ni gcris h mhs qui `hjîhg cj ti gdfc ig mcs fîhs ecmcgdhmis, h pishr fi qui ig mcshøcs 80:9 h 80:4, pcr ecgsi euig edh fi ishs ndsnhs fi vhsthedcgis y ctrhs ehushs, sujdõ im pri-edc fim hzûehr fi 8< h 9< piscs im qudgthm. Ecgocrni oui rcg ni kcrhgfc mhs `hedigfhs fi eh øh,jh kõ prcbri sdvhnig ti isi pri edc `hsth qui, h odgis fi 80:4, mmibõ c si hprcxdnõ hm priedcecrrdigti hgtdbuc fi 0 h 8: pi scs im qudgthm. Igtcgeis, ecg nh ycr rhzõg, mcs prcfue tcs fi mhs`hedigfhs gc pc fîhg ecn pig shr im hmtc dgti räs fi mcs ehpdthmis dgvirtdfcs ig ris thjmieirmhs, yqui `h jîhg ecg thfc ecg im hmzh fim hzûehr. Fi hmmî mh finhg fh ti ghz phrh im risthjmiedndig tcfdrietc c dgfdrietc fi mh isemhvdtuf, h mh qui si riodirig ctrcs pè rrhocs fi is ti ndsnc eh pîtumc.

Im hmbcfõg irh eumtdvhfc nuy pc ec ig Mdnh y nu e`c nès ig Vru kdmmc, \durh y Mhnjh yiqui. Mhixpcrthedõg tigîh mubhr, scjri tc fc, ecg mh prcfue edõg ioietuhfh ig Deh. Im nhycr prcpdithrdc fihmbcfõg irh Fc ndgbc Imîhs.

IM FIJHVI UCJZI MH IUEMH _DVYF FI 80:0 H 806<.- Im prdgedpdc fi qui gh fdi gheiis emhvc ig im \irû hphri edõ ig mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:0 ecnc ig mh fi 80:5. Im trèodec fi is emhvcsqui fõ hjc mdfc ig hn jhs.

Ig im hrtîeumc 80¼ fim trhthfc ig tri im \irû y Ecmcnjdh, odrnh fc ig Buh yhqudm im :: fisi tdin jri fi 80:4, si is tdpumõ mc sdbudigti; "Mhs phrtis ecg trhthgtis si ecn prcni tig h ecc-pi rhr h mh hjcmdedõg y ixtdrphedõg fim trèodec fi is emhvcs fi Èordeh ecgsirvhgfc mhs ixdstig tispujmdehedcgis ecg trh fde`c trè odec ig tc fc su vdbcr y ouirzh y qui, h odg fi fhr, ig hfimhgti,ecn pminig tc h thg shmufh jmi ni fdfh, ecgvdgdircg hfi nès, ig fi emhrhr ecnc, ig ioie tc,fi emhrhrcg qui mcs qui trhodehsig ig is emhvcs c ig ju quis ehrbhfcs fi is emhvcs prcei fig tisfi mh ecsth fi Èordeh ecg jhgfi rh fi ugh u ctrh fi fd e`hs phrtis (pi ruhgh c ecmcnjdhgh)fi jîhg ecg sdfi rhrsi ec nc eumphjmis fim erdnig fi pd rhti rîh y qui, ecnc th mis, fijîhg sirpri sig thfcs hg ti im trdju ghm ecnpi tig ti fim phîs fim ehptcr ouisi pi ruhgc c ecmcnjdhgcphrh sir kuzbhfcs c ehstdbhfcs ecg ocrni h mhs miyis".

Ig 8055 hphriedõ mhFi emhrhedõg fi mcs vumgi rhfcs fi rie`cs fi mcs `heigfhfcs is erdth, ecnc

si `h fde`c yh, pcr Kcsä Nhrîh fi \hg fc. Ecg mu kc fi iru fdedõg `heîh mh `dstcrdh fi mh isemhvdtuf1riecrfhjh qui Is thfcs Ygdfcs gc `h jîh hjc mdfc is th dgstdtuedõg1 y trhgserdjîh trczcs fi fdseurscsfi Ehg gdgb y fi \iim y ctrcs pirscgh kis qui riemhnh jhg pru fig edh phrh hjcrfhr im prcjminh.Ui qui khjh hnhr bhnig ti fi mcs fi eri tcs fi Uhg Nhrtîg, ivcehjh ecg `cs tdmdfhf mh ninc rdh fiNcgtih bufc y hrbunig thjh ecg trh mh sdtuhedõg ig qui `hjîhg qui fhfc mcs `d kcs fi isemhvcs yhsdndsnc y ecg trh im hrtîeumc 89:¼ fi mh vdbig ti Ecgs tdtuedõg fi 80:0 qui fi eîh; "Ghfdi gheiis emhvc ig mh Zipûjmdeh1 thnpcec ig trh fi ouirh gdgbugc qui gc qui fi mdjri". \h rh immc dgvcehjhim hrtîeumc 8?9¼ ("Is dgvdcmhjmi im firie`c fi prc pdifhf. Ud im jdig pûjmdec mibhmnig ti ri ecgcedfcixdbdiri mh prcpdifhf fi hmbûg edufhfhgc, sirè privdhnig ti dgfin gdzhfc fi su vh mcr"). Vhnjdäg

MH HZDUVCECMCgDHM\IZFDFC UuUVîVuMCU FIgCJMIzH T UIUEuFCU FIHZNHU T @UuoZDFC, TUIBuîHUuoZDIgFC,

IoIEVCU FI MMuE@HUIxVIZgHU IDgVIUVDgHECgUIZ_Õ U\ZIUVDBDC



:0? \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 58

Ig 80:<, trhs fdiz høcsig mhs odmhs rihmdsths,

@irrirh phsõ hm Ik redtcMdjirthfcr. Oui

ndgdstrc fi Buirrh yNhrdgh furhgti im bcjdirgc fi Zdvh-

Hbýirc, y hecnphøõ hm prisdfigti ig su

fistdirrc. Vrhs mhjhthmmh fi Hyheue`c, siisthjmiedõ ig E`dmi. Hmmî

ecgcedõ h Hgfr s fiUhgth Eruz, qudig ig

8056 mc gcnjrõndgdstrc fi Buirrh,

prioietc fiEce`hjhnjh y

ecnhgfhgti hm nhgfcfim D_ Jhthmmõg fiMîgih. Furhgti mh

Ecgoifirhedõg ouiimibdfc prisdfigti fim

Isthfc Uuf \iruhgc.

ZHNÕG @IZZIZH(8244-800:)

edthjh im hrtîeumc 8:4¼ ig su dgedsc : qui pris erdjîh mh hjcmdedõg fi mh ecgodsehedõg fi jdigis igmh hfndgdstrhedõg fi kustdedh. H kudedc fi \hg fc gc scmc `hjîhg sdfc ix pcmdhfcs y prdvhfcs fi susfi rie`cs mcs prcpdithrdcs. Hm ndsnc tdin pc `h jîhg fdsndgudfc mh rdqui zh pûjmdeh, im rigfdndig-tc fi mh hbrdeumturh y im phtrdnc gdc fi ohndmdhs dgfus trdcshs1 y h hquimmcs h qudigis si trh thjh fiji gi odedhr `hjîhg in pic rhfc su suir ti "phshgfc fi mhjrh fc ris trhgqudmcs y ûtdmis h cedcscs,

vhbhjug fcs c jèr jh rcs shmtih fc ris fi eh ndgcs". Ig risunig, sc mdedthjh fim Ecgbri sc ecn pig-shedcgis pcr mhs dgbig tis pärfdfhs suordfhs ni fdhgti im riecgcedndig tc fi erä fdtcs scjri mh`hedigfh ghedcghm, im pirndsc phrh mh dgtrcfue edõg fi is emhvcs fi ctrhs Zi pûjmdehs hni rdehghsy iqudthtdvhs gcrnhs qui is thjdmdzhrhg mhs rimhedcgis ig tri mcs phtrcgis y mcs `d kcs fi isemhvcsfis puäs fim :0 fi kumdc fi 80:8.

Mh Ehrth pcmîtdeh fi 8056 ri prcfu kc im fdspcsdtdvc fi mh fi 80:0 jh kc im prieip tc sdbudigti;"Ghfdi ghei is emhvc ig im tirrdtcrdc fi mh Zipûjmdeh, gd igtrh gdgbugc fi oui rh qui gc qui fi mdjri".Mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm, hm hprcjhr mc, gc iseue`õ, puis, im pifdfc fi mcs prcpdithrdcs. Euhgfcsurbdõ mh sujmivhedõg fim bigi rhm Uhmhvirrry, hsifdhrcg immcs hm guivc ehufdmmc phrh qui mis ecgei-fdirh mc qui mh Ecgvigedõg Ghedcghm gc scmc mis `hjîh gi bhfc sdgc `h jîh prc`djdfc. "Im bigi rhmUhmhvirry, cn jri fi eh phedfhf, (is erdjdõ Uhgtdhbc Vèvhrh ig su ocmmitc "Hjcmdedõg fi mh isemhvdtufig im \i rû " ifdthfc ig 8099) rcfih fc fi ugh emhsi pc fi rcsh, euyh hgdnhf virsdõg mi `hjrîh sdfcpir kufdedhm ig ishs edreugsthgedhs hzhrcshs, mcs ecnpmhedõ h nifdhs". Ig ioietc, im fieri tc shmhvi-rrdgc fi 8< fi nhr zc fi 8099 is thjmiedõ mh mibhmdfhf fim ecnir edc i dnpcrthedõg fi is emhvcs fiphîsis hni rdehgcs, ig emhrh ecgtrhfdeedõg ecg mhs Ehrths pcmîtdehs fi 80:5, 80:0 y 8056.

Im fieri tc oie`hfc im ? fi hjrdm fi 8059 fim ndsnc ehu fdmmc ixcgi rõ h mcs `heig fhfcs fi mhecsth fim phbc fi mh ecgtrdju edõg prifdhm pcr edgec høcs1 y hsî ivdfig edõ im dgti räs fi ti gir imhpcyc fi is th emhsi sc edhm.

Ig im trhthfc nir ehgtdm odrnh fc pcr Uhgth Eruz ecg Dgbmhti rrh ig mh äpceh fi mh Ecgoifi rh-edõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh im 9 fi kumdc fi 8052, quifõ ix emudfc im trèodec fi is emhvcs. Fieîh im hrtîeumc80¼ fi fde`c trhthfc; "Im Bcjdirgc fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh si ecn prcni ti h ecc pi-rhr ecg su Nh kisthf Jrdtègdeh h odg fi ecgsi budr mh hjcmdedõg tcthm fim trèodec fi is emhvcs y h prc-`djdr h tcfhs mhs pirscghs qui `h jdthg fig trc fim tirrdtcrdc fi mh Ecgoifi rhedõg \irû-jc mdvdhgh csu kitcs h su kurdsfdeedõg, fim ncfc nès pc sdtdvc y pcr mhs miyis nès sc mingis, qui tc nig phr tihmbugh ig fde`c trè odec".

Im Ecgbri sc fi _di gh fi 8089 h jîh ì e`c ugh fi emhrhedõg bigi rhm fi ehrèetir hjc mdedcgdsth.Dgbmhti rrh si ecgvdrtdõ ig im ehnpiõg fi is th mue`h. Udg cjti gir äxdtc gc thjmi ecg Isphøh, \cr-tubhm, Orhgedh c Isthfcs Ygdfcs, mcbrõ fim Jrhsdm qui prcemhnh rh mh hjcmdedõg fim trèodec gi bri rc1ig 8059 hn jcs bc jdirgcs, im jrdtègdec, y im fim dnpi rdc fi `h jmh pcrtubui sh, ecgvdgdircg ig`heir fi ecg sunc ug is ouirzc phrh pirsuhfdr h tcfcs mcs phîsis `dsphgchni rdehgcs h igtrhr igtrhthfcs ph rh ecn jh tdrmc y phrh fi emhrhrmc ecnc pdrhti rîh. Im ndgdstrc dgbmäs ig Mdnh, Jimocrf@dgtcg Rdmscg, ecnu gdeõ istcs ì e`cs h mh ehgedmmirîh piruhgh im 89 fi sitdin jri fi 805? y miig vdõ im jcrrhfcr fi ug trh thfc sc jri im hsugtc. Mhs edreugsthgedhs pcmîtdehs y ndmdthris dnpdfdi-rcg qui prc sdbudirhg isths gibcedhedcgis1 pirc ig si tdin jri fi 8054 Rdmscg si fdrdbdõ hm bcjdir-gc Zisthurhfcr dgsdstdigfc ig im ndsnc ti nh.

Mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 oui h ugh pcsdedõg isemhvdsth hm ecgsdbghr thg scmc qui "ghfdi gheiis emhvc ig mh Zipûjmdeh". Hnphrõ hsî ecg su sdmigedc mh pcsdjdmdfhf fi qui pu fdirhg ivig tuhm-nig ti sir trhîfcs mcs fi ctrcs phîsis. T im hrtîeumc 9¼ nigedcgõ ig tri mcs piruhgcs pcr ghedndig-tc h "mcs `cnjris mdjris gh edfcs ig im tirrdtcrdc fim \irû" ecg mc euhm hfndtdõ tèedthnig ti quiù jdi si qudigis ehrieîhg fi mdjir thf.

Rdmscg ri emhnõ pcr mh cndsdõg ig mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8054 fim ixpmîedtc hrtîeumc hjcmdedcgdsth fimh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 8056. Mh miy fi :4 fi gcvdinjri fi 8054 hn pmdõ, ecgtrh im ispîrdtu fim fieritcfi 80:8, im tdinpc fi sir vdedc fi mcs mdjir tcs h sus hncs `hsth mcs 9< høcs. Hquî mh riemhnh edõg fimcs vumgirhfcs firie`cs fi mcs `heig fhfcs cj tuvc ctrh vdetcrdh thrfîh. Gc phrieîh emhrc sd im ispî-



IM FÎH FI MCU HNHGEHIU. Im :6 fi kugdc, fîh fi Uhg Kuhg Jhutdsth, ecdgedfîh ecg mh hphrdedõg fi mhs omcris fi mcshnhgehis ig mhs phnphs fim Zînhe. @hsth hmmè djhg mcs fivctcs fim shgtc h eimijrhr isth odisth. Irh trhfdedcghm quimhs nukiris vcmvdirhg ecg omcris ig im ehjimmc, ecnc vincs ig isths tris heuhrimhs; "Zitcrgc fi mh odisth fi Hnhgehis" (8052), fim orhge s Micgei Hgbrhgf (8)1 y "Nukir h ehjhmmc hfcrghfh ecg omcris fi Hnhgehis tcnhgfce`de`h" (:) y "Jhmhgeîg qui vuimvi fi Hnhgehis" (5), fim hrtdsth numhtc \hge`c Odirrc.


Q8

Q:^ Q5



:00







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


rdtu fi fd e`h miy fi gcvdinjri fi 8054 irh fhr mi ioietc ri trchetdvc `hedägfc mh ribdr thnjdäg scjrimcs ghedfcs fis fi im :0 fi kumdc fi 80:8 `hsth ish oie`h. Immc gc cjsthgti, fi `i e`c ig im eun pmd-ndig tc fi mh miy ougedcgõ isi ioie tc ri trchetdvc. Vèvhrh fdei ig im ocmmitc edthfc; "Mh Ecrti Uupri nhig mcs ehscs phrtdeumhris qui si `hg pri sig thfc hg ti immh, `h fiedfdfc h ohvcr fim mdjir tc, riecgc-edigfc im prdgedpdc fi mh dgecn pi tig edh fim Ecgbri sc y fi mh scedifhf ig ti rh phrh mibdsmhr ecgtrh

mcs prdgedpdcs itirgcs fi mc kustc. \i rc isti h sdfc ug fä jdm ecgsui mc ig nifdc fi mcs `crrcris fimhju sc bi gi rhm".Gc scmc quifhrcg tcfcs mcs mdjir tcs hm sirvdedc fi mcs hncs `hs th qui eunpmdirhg 9< høcs,

ecg hn pmdhedõg fi is ti vîgeumc thnjdäg h mcs ghedfcs ig tri 80:8 y 8054. \cr im hrtîeumc 9¼ fi mhndsnh miy, ug hjusc qui si ec ni tîh hm hpmdehr ug fi eri tc fi 84 fi gc vdinjri fi 805< ri edjdõhpcyc. Fieîh isti hrtîeumc; "Mcs phtrcgcs pui fig ei fir su ph trcghzbc pcr euhmqudirh fi mcsni fdcs qui si øhmhg mhs miyis phrh mh trhsndsdõg fi mcs firi e`cs y ecg mhs ndsnhs cjmdbhedcgisqui mis priserdji is th miy". Xuifõ, hsî, hutcrdzhfh mh ecnprh y vigth fi si ris `u nh gcs.

Fcndgbc fi Cruä, fi qudig si `h `h jmhfc yh hgti rdcrnig ti, y Kcsä Nhrîh \hgfc, `h jîhgpri vhmiedfc puis, sc jri im dfihm fi mh nhgundsdõg ighrjc mhfh prdni rc pcr Uhg Nhrtîg y Ncg-tih bufc, scs ti gdfc pcr mcs mdji rhmis, hutcris fi mhs Ecgstdtuedcgis fi 80:5, 80:0 y 8056 y ecg-trhfde`c pcr Uhmhvirry. "Ig 8054 (iserdjîh Vèvhrh) trdugohrcg mcs phrtdfhrdcs fi mh isemhvdtuf nèshmmè fi sus ispi rhgzhs; mh risthjmiedircg ecg tcfcs sus `c rrcris mdjir tègfc si, hm ndsnc tdin pc,fi mh ehrbh fi scs ti gir gi brcs hgedhgcs, ehîfcs ig vi kiz prinh turh pcr mcs rufcs trhjh kcs qui`hjîhg ecg sundfc su vdrdmdfhf. Gc heusc h gdgbûg heig fhfc fi h jir prhe tdehfc ish eruimfhf,gc `h ec rrdfc tdin pc suodedigti gd mcs eric, ig bigi rhm, ehpheis fi ikir eirmh; `hjmc scmhnig ti fimcs ioietcs ghturhmis y mibhmis fi mh miy".

Ig 806<, im Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc pcs tir bõ mh dgdedhedõg fi mhs gibcedhedcgis ecg Dgbmhti rrh phrhhjc mdr im trèodec fi is emhvcs pcr gc ti gir hutcrdzhedõg fim Ecgbri sc, h pishr fi mh dgsdstig edh fiRdmscg (gcths fi isti fi ? fi nhr zc y 9 fi kumdc fi fde`c høc).

YG HNHBC FI ZI _YIMVH UCEDHM; MH ECGU\DZHEDÕG FI KYHG FI FDC HMBCZVH.- Im :5 fi hjrdm fi 80:4 mmibõ h sir fis eujdirth ig Mdnh ugh ecgspdrhedõg fi gi brcseuyh odghmdfhf oui gc scmc firrcehr hm Bcjdirgc sdgc, hfi nès, hsi sdghr h mcs jmhgecs. Kuhg fi FdcsHmbcrth, im ehji edmmh, yh `hjîh dgvig thfc ctrc nc vdndig tc sdndmhr im høc fi 80:2. Mcs eõnpmdeis,ig gû ni rc fi ce`c, qui fhrcg scni tdfcs h kudedc (Vimäbrhoc, G¼ ?<:). Mcs mdjrcs pcr immcs iserdtcsti gîhg heths fi si sdcgis, õrfi gis, gcn jrh ndig tcs y ctrcs fi thmmis ecg ivdfig ti dgbi gudfhf. Imgui vc prisdfigti si mmhnh jh Jir ghrfc Cr fõ øiz, buhyhqudmiøc fi gh edndig tc, tig fi kcgi rc ficodedc, quijrh fc si bûg mh dnputhedõg codedhm. Ui trhtõ fi ugh dgtig tcgh fi ri vuimth scedhm, tîpdeh-nig ti pmiji yh, hnighzhfc rh ecgtrh mcs prcpdithrdcs y mh mmhnh fh "big ti fi vh mir" (Vimäbrhocs,Gcs. ?<9, ?:<, ?:8). @ujc fis pric euphedõg c migdfhf ig mh trhndthedõg fi mh ehush kufdedhm. Ygcfi mcs rics prdgedphmis oubõ y eräisi qui mcs ctrcs risumthrcg dnpugis. Fi ji rîh istufdhrsi ecgnès fi thmmi mh pirscghmdfhf fi Kuhg fi Fdcs Hmbcrth y sus prcyietcs fi 80:2 y 80:4.

IM ZIEMYVHNDIGVC FI IUEMH _CU.- Mhs hrjdtrhrdifhfis y vdcmigedhs ig im riemuthndig tchoiethrcg thn jdäg h mcs isemhvcs. Mh dgecrpcrhedõg ocrzhfh fi immcs ig mcs ikäredtcs ecgtrdju yõ hmh fiehfig edh fi mh hbrdeumturh, ispi edhmnig ti ig mh zcgh fi Mdnh. Uhgth Eruz ivdfig edõ su nig-thmdfhf is emhvdsth euhgfc fi eri tõ, ecgemudfh mh buirrh fi Uhmhvirry, qui mcs fuiøcs ti gîhg fi ri-e`c hm riemhnc fi is ti "fc ndgdc" usurphfc fcg fi mcs igecgtrhrig y h mh ristdtuedõg "sdg ctrc kudedc qui im sunh rdc y jrivi". Vhnjdäg crfi gõ qui mcs isemhvcs prdsdcgi rcs c dgemudfcs ig suprcpdc ikäredtc, ouisi ri ndtdfcs ig mh prdni rh ugdfhf hm Ehmmhc ecg im ndsnc cj kitc (Hriqudph, 5fi nh yc fi 805?).

MHUHZJDVZHZDIFHFIU

T _DCMIgEDHUIg IM

ZIEMuVHNDIgVCHoIEVHZCg

VHNJDäg H MCUIUEMH_CU. MH

DgECZ\CZHEDÕgoCZzHFH FI

IMMCU Ig MCUIKäZEDVCU

ECgVZDJuTÕH MH FIEHFIgEDH

FI MHHBZDEuMVuZH,

IU\IEDHMNIgVIIg MH zCgH

FI MDNH.




Mh ecgfdedõg scedhmcs dgfîbighs gc ehntrhs mh dgfipigfigedh\cr im ecgtrhrdc, mhsecgfdedcgis ig mhs q vdvîhg ouircginpicrhgfc. Mcsdnpuistcs, mh mivh ytrdjutcs ouircg mhsehushs fi qui gcsuordirhg ugnikcrhndigtc ig suecgfdedõg fi vdfh. H vincs h ugh dgfîbighmh sdirrh ritrhthfh kuh su mmhnh pcr H. HJcghoo , ig mh f ehfi 809<.

MCU DGFÎBQ vD ^MCU DGFDCU.- Mh ecgfdedõg scedhm fi mcs dgfdcs in pic rõ furhgti mcs prdni rcs fi ei gdcs ripu-jmdehgcs, ecn phrhfh ecg mh qui tuvdircg fu rhgti im räbdnig vdrridghm. Ui dgdedõ im prcei sc fi mhpärfdfh fi sus prc pdifhfis hm hnphrc fi mh miy fi 80:0 qui, ig prdgedpdc, mis riecgcedõ im pmigcfc ndgdc fi mhs tdirrhs qui immcs ceuphrhg. Mh ecgtrdju edõg fi shgbri dnpuis th orieuig ti nig ti

pcr mhs buirrhs edvdmis i dgtir ghedcghmis y thnjdäg pcr im riemuthndig tc mmivhfc h ehjc ig äpc ehspheîodehs (gc nuy fu rhfi rhs igtcgeis) si øhmõ ug ecgtrhsti ecg im pheîodec phshfc1 edirtc is, pcrctrh phrti, qui fde`h ecg trdju edõg oui dgdedhfh pcr mcs isphøcmis furhgti mh buirrh fi mh Inhg-edphedõg. Ecgtdguõ phbègfc si im trdju tc.

Mh miy prcnumbhfh im 82 fi kugdc fi 8058 nhgfõ qui mcs dgfîbi ghs "euyh ecgtrdju edõg isugdocrni, pc frèg sir imietcris y cj ti gir mcs finès ehrbcs qui fi nhg fig dbuhmis riqudsdtcsecg scmc im eirtdodehfc fim phbc fi su ecg trdju edõg, euhmqudirh qui sih".

Mhs nifdfhs fi prc tie edõg ouircg is ehshs. Im fieri tc supri nc fi 58 fi ku mdc fi 8052, ig mhäpceh fi Uhgth Eruz, fdspusc qui "si bûg im Zibmhnig tc fi Vrdju ghmis, im hbigti odsehm is imhbig ti prc tie tcr fi mcs dgfîbi ghs ig mhs ehpdthmis fi mcs fiphrthnig tcs y ig mcs eirehfcs". Gcfd kc ghfh scjri im dgfdc ig mhs ecnhr ehs rurhmis.

Th si `h nig edcghfc eõ nc tix tcs ecgstdtuedcghmis ig 80:5, 80:0 y 8054 ctcrbhrcg h mcsdgfîbi ghs im firie`c fi su orhbdc (ehpîtumc _DDD).

Q vDD ^MCU EYZHVCU.- Mcs eurhtcs si prc viîhg pcr gcn jrh ndig tc fim Bcjdirgc, h prc puisth fi mcscjdspcs. Immcs gcnjrh jhg ig mcs ehscs fi dgti rdghtc, fhgfc hvdsc hm Ikieutdvc.

Mh miy prcnumbhfh im 8: fi gc vdinjri fi 805: fi emhrõ sieumhrdzhfhs mhs phrrcqudhs quiixemusdvhnig ti irhg sir vdfhs pcr ri bumhris y crfi gõ qui, euhgfc, vhehrig, ouisig prc vdsths pcrecgeursc dgfdstdgthnig ti, ecnc mhs finès ph rrcqudhs, ig iemisdèstdecs sieumhris c ix emhustrh-fcs. Gcrnhs ig is ti ndsnc sig tdfc inh ghrcg fi fi eri tcs pcsti rdcris. Ig mh prcvdsdõg fi eurh-tcs fi jîh ohvcri eir si h qudigis si `u jdi sig pric euphfc pcr im scsti gdndig tc y im hfimhgtc fiis eui mhs (Edreumhr fi 5< fi igi rc fi 80:0).

Ctrh miy, euyh oie`h fi prc numbhedõg oui im :8 fi igirc fi 8055, fdspusc qui gc si hf ndtdirhcpc sdtcr hmbugc h eurhtcs y ehgcgbîhs sdg qui si prisig thsi ecn prcjhg ti mibhm fi su phtrdctdsncy hf`i sdõg hm sdsti nh fi mh dgfi pig fig edh i dgstdtuedcgis phtrdhs. Mhs tirghs phrh mcs prcpuis tcs hmcs eurhtcs y ehgcgbîhs qui nhg fhsig mcs cjdspcs hm Bcjdirgc fi jîhg is thr hecnphøhfhs pcrfc eunig tcs ig tri bhfcs pcr hqui mmcs ig pruijh fi qui ti gîhg mhs nigedcghfhs ehmdfhfis.

Mcs ixtrhg kircs gc pcfîhg cj ti gir ji gi odedcs iemisdèstdecs sdg `hjir ecg si budfc hg tis ehrthfi gh turhmizh.

Mhs euhrths ougi rhmis qui mcs eurhs phbhjhg h mcs cjdspcs qui fhrcg ri fu edfhs h mh ndthf pcrmiy prcnumbhfh im :6 fi gc vdinjri fi 805:.

IM EMIZC ZIBYMHZ.- Mcs firi e`cs fi 8< fi ku mdc, 5< fi kumdc, 8< fi hbcstc, :4 fi si tdin jriy 8? fi fdedin jri fi 80:4, 9 fi igi rc y :0 fi igi rc fi 805<, 85 fi fdedin jri fi 8058 y 8¼fi hbcs tc fi 8056, ig tri ctrcs, trhthrcg fi mh riocrnh fi ri bumhris y fim nhgi kc fi mcs ecg-vig tcs y nc ghsti rdcs, figtrc fi mh crdigthedõg y im ispîrdtu fim fieri tc fi :0 fi si tdin jri fi80:? yh nig edcghfc.

Gc si pcfîhg `h eir vctcs scmingis ri mdbdcscs hgtis fi mcs :9 høcs eun pmdfcs.Mcs rimdbdcscs fi jîhg is thr su kitcs h mcs fdcei shgcs1 y gc si mis pirndtîh ig mh Zipûjmdeh

sdgc ecg is th ecgfdedõg. Ui mis ixdbdõ qui cj sirvhrhg vdfh ecnûg y qui tc nh rhg sus hmdnig-tcs ig ri oietcrdcs. Gc sdigfc ndin jrc fi mhs ecnu gdfh fis ri mdbdcshs gdgbugc fi mcs qui



:4<







hge`c.

80tdinjri

80:9Qpirû ^


`h jîhg prcoishfc hg tis fi mh ifhf pri od khfh ig mcs fieri tcs fi ri ocrnh, si cr fi gõ qui gcs simis tcmirhsi ig mcs ecgvig tcs. Gdgbûg rimdbdcsc qui gc oui rh sieumhrdzhfc pc fîh vdvdr ouirh fisus emhustrcs. Vhnpcec fi jîh fcr ndr ouirh fi su ecg vig tc gdgbûg rimdbdcsc, gd hgfhr ig mhsehmmis fispuäs fi mhs sditi fi mh gceì.

Mcs jdigis fi mcs ecgvig tcs qui fh rcg h ehrbc fi mcs ieõgcncs pcr mcs fieri tcs fi :0 fi

si tdin jri y 8: fi ce tujri fi 80:?1 pi rc Mh Ouigti eig trhmdzõ sus rigths pcr im fieri tc fi 5<fi kumdc fi 80:4 qui eriõ mh Fdrieedõg Bigi rhm fi Vinpcrhmdfhfis ph rh mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi mcsjdigis fi fd e`hs ig tdfhfis y fi mcs nc ghsti rdcs. Bhnh rrh, pcr fieri tc fi 9 fi igi rc fi 805<,fi vcmvdõ h mcs ribumhris ish hf ndgdstrhedõg qui vdgc h sir puis th h ehrbc fi mcs primhfcs yhouirh pcr sî, yh pcr nifdc fi prc eurhfc ris y sîgfdecs, fi jdig fc pri sig thr nig suhmnig ti h mhsecnu gdfhfis ris pie tdvhs euigth fc eunig thfh fi mcs dgbri scs y bhstcs fi euhmqudir ispi edi. Vigîhg mcs ncghsti rdcs y ecgvig tcs mdjir thf fi ei mijrhr ecgtrhtcs fi hrrig fhndig tcs, igodtiu-sds y ctrcs figtrc fi mhs fdspcsdedcgis mibhmis, privdcs edirtcs ocrnu mdsncs is pi eîodecs. Isthoheumthf oui, sdg injhr bc, nir nh fh pcr fi eri tcs pcsti rdcris. Mh hfndgdstrhedõg fi mcs jdigisfi mcs ecgvig tcs supri scs phsõ h sir igtri bhfh h mh Eh kh fi Ecgscmdfhedõg. Mh vigth fi is tcsjdigis qui fõ cr fi ghfh pcr sujhs th pûjmdeh1 brhvi fi edsdõg qui hfcptõ im bcjdirgc fi Bh nh-rrh hnphrhfc pcr ug vc tc fim Ecgsi kc fi Is thfc (85 fi oi jri rc fi 8055).

Mcs rimdbdcscs qui gc qudsdirhg su kithrsi h mh riocrnh pc fîhg pi fdr y cjti gir dgni fdhth-nig ti su si eumhrdzhedõg1 fdspcsdtdvc qui yh isthjh ig im fi eri tc fi :0 fi si tdin jri fi 80:?.\hrh cj ti gir mh ixemhustrhedõg jhsthjh hmibhr nc tdvcs brhvis fi ecg edigedh. Mh ehrig edh fipir oietc ecgcedndig tc fi mcs vctcs pcr rhzõg fi pc eh ifhf, dbgcrhgedh, vdcmigedh, sifue edõgc ndi fc, hsî ecnc mh ohmth fi cj sirvhgedh fi mh vdfh ecnûg y fi mh ribmh fi mh Crfig ig qui si`dzc mh prcoisdõg, pcfîhg sir hmibhfhs phrh mh sieumhrdzhedõg c mh gumdfhf fi prc oisdcgis. H mcsrimdbdcscs si eumhrdzhfcs c ix emhustrhfcs si mis ecgei fdõ fi rie`c h pir edjdr sus hsdbghedcgis fimcs ecgvig tcs h qui pir ti gi edircg1 mcs sieumhrdzhfcs fi mcs ecgvig tcs supri scs mhs piredjîhgfi mhs Eh kh nigedcghfh. Mcs qui gc tuvdirhg su ecgbruh sustig thedõg sirîhg fis tdghfcs hm sir-vdedc fi phrrcqudhs y fijîhg sir pri oirdfcs ig mhs ehpi mmhgîhs fim ikäredtc y mh hrnh fh.

Mcs primhfcs ig mcs ecgvig tcs fi jîhg ti gir ug ehrèetir rdburcshnig ti tin pcrhm. H mcs qufi sin pi øhjhg ehrbcs ig immcs gc si mis pirndtîh sir rii mibdfcs. Vhnpcec pcfîhg mcs rimdbdcscspri sig thrsi ig kudedc sdg pirndsc fi su dgni fdhtc supi rdcr.

Yg Zibmhnig tc fi Zi bumhris, pri sig thfc pcr im hrzcjdspc, oui hprcjh fc pcr Uhgth Eruz,ecg nc fdodehedcgis, im 5 fi hbcstc fi 8052 y pcr Bhnh rrh im 84 fi kugdc fi 806<.

FCNDGBH BYVDäZZI[; YGH @IZCDEH FIEMHZHEDÕG FI DGFI \IG FIGEDH \IZUC-GHM T YG BZH _I ECGOMDEVC IGVZI MH KYZDUFDEEDÕG ED _DM T IEMIUDÈUVDEH.- Fcndgbh Butdärriz y Ecssdc, pirti gi edigti h ugh hrdstcerètdeh ohndmdh fi Hriqudph, oui igemhus-trhfh ig im ecgvig tc fi Uhgth Viri sh ig fde`h edufhf pcr ugh nh fri ohgètdeh. Ig nu e`hs ceh-sdcgis fd kc, dgûtdmnig ti, h sus phrdigtis nès eir ehgcs qui fi sihjh hjhg fc ghr mh vdfh ri mdbdcsh.\cr cr bummc ohndmdhr, gc cjtuvc im giei shrdc ecgsig tdndig tc. @hjîh mmivhfc Fc ndgbh ecgsdbc

hmbughs sdrvdigths. Immhs, eunpmdigfc sus dgstrueedcgis, ix trh kircg ug ehfè vir ig im fi põsdtc finuir tcs fim `cspdthm Uhg Kuhg fi Fdcs, mc pusdircg ig im mie`c fi mh ncg kh y ecg im ouibc ig mheimfh qui fõ ehsd ehrjc gdzhfc mh gceì fim ? fi nhr zc fi 8058, ndig trhs mh ncg kh isehphjhphrh ceumthrsi ig ug mubhr fim ehnpc. @ujc sc mingis ei rinc gdhs ougi rhrdhs ig `cni gh ki h mhni nc rdh fi Fcndgbh. Udg injhrbc, qudig mh hsdmhjh mmivõ mh gctdedh virfhfi rh hm cjdspc KcsäUijhs tdèg fi Bcyigi eì. Isti nhg fõ hjrdr kudedc fi hpcsthsîh. Im hmehmfi Hg fräs Nhrtîgiz y imsîgfdec fim Ecgsi kc Nugdedphm si prisig thrcg ig mh Ecrti Uupi rdcr h ohvcr fi mh dgocrtughfh kcvig. Fde`c trdju ghm mh trhsmhfõ hm `cbhr fi fcg Nh guim Ziy fi Ehstrc. Im cjdspc gc ri ecgcedõmh kurdsfdeedõg edvdm y mh ecgodgõ ig mh ehsh fi ugcs ph rdigtis fcg fi is thjh dgsthmhfh ecg ecg sig-

(...) EuN\MDIgFCUuU

DgUVZuEEDCgIU,IxVZHKIZCg ugEHF _IZ Ig IM

FI\ÕUDVC FINuIZVCU FIM@CU\DVHM UHg KuHg FI FDCU,MC \uUDIZCg

Ig IM MIE@C FIMH NCgKH T

ECg IM ouIBCIg MH EIMFHquIFÕ EHUD

EHZJCgDzHFC MHgCE@I FIM ? FINHZzC FI 8058,

NDIgVZHU MHNCgKH IUEH\HJH\HZH CEuMVHZUI

Ig ug MuBHZFIM EHN\C.



Im sheirfcti trukdmmimibdfc ecnc cjdspc edufhf ghthm ig 805injhrbc, privdhnigtituvc ugh jrdmmhgti pcmîtdeh; ocrnõ phr prdnir Ecgbrisc ecncfdputhfc pcr VrukdmMuibc oui imibdfcfdputhfc pcr \durh (8sighfcr pcr Mh Mdji(80:4-805:) y fdputhE`cth (8055-8056). Hsdndsnc, ocrnõ phmh fimibhedõg fim IGcr \iruhgc ig mhEcgoirigedh fi Vhegisthjmiedõmh Ecgoifirhedõg\irû-jcmdvdhgh.

VCNÈU FDäB(³3-8069)


tdndig tc fi immcs. Ui prcfu kc ug brhvi ecgomdetc mibhm, igri fhfc pcr mcs ocrnu mdsncs prc ei shmisfi hqui mmh äpceh, nès fig scs euhgfc dgtir vdgc mh Ecrti Uupri nh, puis immc ecgfu kc hm cjdspch pmhgtihr ugh fi nhg fh fi ecn pi tig edh y fi gumdfhf. Im ndgdstrc fi Bc jdirgc Nhguim Mcrig zcfi _dfhurri cp tõ pcr ugh hetdtuf ecg trhrdh h mh Ecrti Uupi rdcr y fd kc qui, "mh Zipûjmdeh si fis-qudedhrè sd mcs cjdspcs y im emirc scg vdmdpig fdhfcs". Mh sibugfh shmh fi fde`h ecrti y im hmehmfi

Hgfräs Nhrtîgiz sc mdedthrcg mh ecgstdtuedõg fim Vrdju ghm fi mcs Uditi Kuieis, hbrhvdhfcs pcr mhsig tig edh hfvirsh fi mh Uupri nh. Hsî si vcmvdõ tcfhvîh nès ecn pmi kc im phpi mic kufdedhm. Fcndg-bh, fi ug mhfc, nh gdoistõ pcr is erdtc su scmdfhrdfhf ecg im cjdspc ecgtrh mcs "qui si tdi gig pcrmdji rhmis"1 y hm ndsnc tdin pc sdbudõ ug ixpi fdigti phrh su sieumhrdzhedõg y mivhgthndig tc fivctcs. Isti hsugtc mmibõ h mh Uhgth Uifi qui mcs hprcjõ sd jdig nhg tuvc im vctc fi ehs tdfhf.Fis puäs fi cj ti gir mh igtri bh fi mcs jdigis qui mi ecrrispcgfîhg pcr ì rig edh phtir gh, scmded-tõ Fcndgbh ig igi rc fi 8056 mdeig edh phrh trhsmhfhrsi h Mdnh. Mh cjtuvc y mmibõ h mh ehpdthm ignhr zc fim ndsnc høc. Ikir eîh igtcgeis hquî su prcoisdõg fi nä fdec im isphøcm Khdni Nh rîh Ecmoecg qudig immh tuvc ugh `dkh, Nhrîh Fcmcris Ecmo, h mh qui äm prdni rhnig ti y immh mui bc hm tisthrig 800? dgstdtuyircg ecnc ì ri fi rh. Fcndgbh gc hemhrõ su ecgfdedõg fi nh fri hug qui hsi vi-rõ gc ti gir d kcs y ncrdr vdrbig1 su vctc iemisdèstdec gc `h jîh sdfc hgu mhfc. Nhguim K. Justhnhg-ti fi Mh Ouigti qui `h is tufdhfc ix tig shnig ti im hsugtc, hquî rifu edfc, supcgi qui hm ehshrsiNhrîh Fcmcris ecg Nhtic Mmhgthfh y hm vdh khr hnjcs is pcscs h Isphøh mcs hecnphøõ. Uu cjrhtir ndgh ecg mhs sdbudigtis phmhjrhs; "Fcndgbh Butdärriz Ecssdc; \cjri nu kir, vîetdnh fi mhdgecn prig sdõg y ohghtdsnc fi mh äpceh ig qui vdvdsti, ti rdgfc nd nès eè mdfc `c ni gh ki fi sdn-phtîh y fi hf ndrhedõg pcr tu ouirzh fi vc mugthf phrh rcn pir mhs ehfi ghs y mhs ri khs fi mh eèreimig qui ti ig emhustrhrcg, riecjrhg fc tu mdjir thf".

MH IMIEEDÕG FI CJDU\CU.- Uibûg mh Ecgstdtuedõg fi 80:?, im prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdehprcpcgîh h mh Eènh rh fi Eig scris, ig tir gh, h mcs dgfdvdfucs qui si `h jîhg fi pri sig thr phrhmcs hrzcjdsphfcs, cjdsphfcs, ehgcgbîhs y prijig fhs. Ig mh Ehrth fi 80:0 im ndsnc nh bdstrhfcimibîh y pri sigthjh h mcs hrzcjdspcs y cjdspcs fi mh tirgh qui mi phshjh im Uighfc y, ig suri ei sc, im Ecgsi kc fi Is thfc. Mh fi 8056 nhgtuvc is ti sdsti nh, hugqui ig tri bõ mh oheumthf fiig vdhr mh tirgh hm Uighfc ecg ocrni h miy y ixdbdõ mh hprcjh edõg fim Ecgbri sc. Mh Ecgstdtuedõgfi 8054 fdspusc qui mh prisig thedõg fi hrzcjdspcs y cjdspcs si `dedirh hgti mh Uhgth Uifi pcrim prisdfigti fi mh Zipûjmdeh fi mh tirgh qui mi phshri ig Ecg si kc fi Is thfc.

Im prcpõsdtc fi "heir ehrsi ig mc pcsdjmi h mh ocrnh prdndtdvh isthjmiedfh pcr mcs eègcgis igqui ti gîhg phrti im puijmc y im emirc fi mh fdõei sds", sibûg ixpri sõ su phrti ecg sdfi rhtdvh,crdigtõ mh miy scjri mh imieedõg fi cjdspcs prcnumbhfh im 84 fi cetujri fi 805:. Mcs eu rhs fimhs phrrcqudhs, riugdfcs ig mh ehpdthm fi prcvdgedh, fijîhg vcthr pcr fcei dgfdvdfucs fi mcs euh-mis sids tigîhg qui sir fi oui rh fim cjdsphfc. Ecrrispcgfîh muibc suorhbhr im ehjdmfc iemisdèstd-ec y, jh kc mh prisdfig edh fim prioietc, `heir mh mdsth fi mcs fcei imibdjmis phrh phshrmh h mh kugthfi phrthnig thm. Isth fi jîh ri ndtdr hm Uighfc y, ig su fi oietc hm Ecgsi kc fi Isthfc, mh mdsth fiehgfdfhtcs.

Fi heuir fc ecg fde`h miy si `dzc mh fisdbghedõg fi cjdspc fi Vru kdmmc ig 8055. Im Ecgsi kcfi Is thfc fdethndgõ scjri mh vhmdfiz fim suorhbdc prhetdehfc ig @uhnh eù ec pcr `h jir phr-tdedphfc ig äm iemisdèstdecs qui gc irhg eu rhs prcpdcs sdgc echf kutcris (Codedc fi 82 fi nh ycfi 8055). \hrh isth sifi oui imibdfc Vcnès Fdäbuiz. Ig 8056 Kcsä Nhrîh fi Hrrdhbh shmdõ ig mhndsnh ocrnh gc ndghfc ig mh fi E`he`hpcyhs. Imibdfc Iu bi gdc Nigfc zh phrh im cjdsphfcfim Euzec ig äpc eh fi Uhgth Eruz y ixpi fdfhs mhs jumhs ig su ohvcr, im Ecgbri sc fi @uhgehycri scmvdõ fivcmvirmhs ecg mc euhm oui hgumhfc im hetc fi ug bc jdirgc ecgsdfi rhfc ec nc usur-phfcr y nhg fõ, hfi nès, qui im Ikieutdvc pri sig thrh cjdspcs phrh isth sdmmh ipdsecphm y mh fiHyheue`c.



Igtri 8?9< y 8?98, ugisemhvc hgbcmiøc

risdfigti fim jhrrdc fi\he`hehndmmh (Mdnh),

pdgtõ ig ugh fi mhs phrifis fi su ecorhfîhug Erdstc eruedodehfc.

Ig 8?99, ug brhgtirrinctc fistruyõ

brhg phrti fi mh edufhf, pirc im nurc ecg mh

dnhbig si nhgtuvc ig pdi. Fisfi igtcgeis, im

mmhnhfc Erdstc fi\he`hehndmmh hfqudrdõ

mh fivcedõg qui mchecnphøh `hsth `cy.

IM UIØCZ FI MCUNDMHBZCU

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 58 :4:

Q vDDD ÎM ZIBMHNIGVC FI EHN\HGHU. MCU ZI\DXYIU.- Im fieri tc fi 88 fi gc vdinjri fi8054 puifi sir eh mdodehfc ec nc ug Zi bmhnig tc fi Ehn phghs trhthgfc fi fhr gcr nhs ig vizfi mhs qui, dnphrtdfhs thgtc pcr mh hutcrdfhf edvdm ecnc pcr mh iemisdèstdeh, gc `hjîhg surtdfchgtis ioie tc.

\ris erdjdõ qui ù jdi sig ri pdquis bi gi rhmis fi ehnphghs ig mcs hgdvirshrdcs fi mh Dgfi-pig fig edh, fi mhs jhthmmhs fi Kugîg, Hyheue`c y Ègehs`, ig mcs fîhs fi mcs phtrcgis fi mhZipûjmdeh y fi mhs hrnhs fim Isthfc1 y ig mcs ctrcs ig qui ehfh mubhr eimijrh si su phtrõg phr-tdeumhr sibûg mhs edreugsthgedhs y mhs ecstun jris mcehmis. Mcs ripdquis hgti fde`cs ti gîhg sunc nig tc h mhs sids fi mh nhøhgh, mhs fcei fim fîh y mhs sditi fi mh gceì ecg ugh fu rhedõg fiqudgei ndgutcs ig ehfh ugh fi mhs `crhs fi sdbghfhs. Hfi nès oui hutcrdzhfc im ripdqui bi gi-rhm euhgfc mh ghedõg eimijrh rh hmbûg hecgti edndig tc pmhusdjmi y fi ri bced kc pûjmdec, privdhfdspcsdedõg fim Bcjdirgc. Ucmc ig isti ehsc pcfîh `heir si im ripdqui bi gi rhm h euhmqudir `crh,`hsth mhs fdiz fi mh gc eì. Ecrrispcgfîh h mhs dbmisdhs su kithrsi h mh nhtrdz hm ecnig zhr y hmecgemudr mcs ripdquis y fc jmis bigi rhmis.

H mcs ripdquis phrtdeumhris fi mhs dbmisdhs si mi od kõ mh furhedõg fi edgec ndgutcs ig mhs vîs-pi rhs y odisths scmingis fi mcs phtrcgis y phtrdhrehs, y fi tris ig mhs finès odisths rimdbdcshs,imieedcgis fi pri mhfcs y prcoisdcgis. Is tcs ri pdquis scmc fijîhg `h eir si hm prdgedpdhr y ecg-emudr mh ougedõg1 y quifõ hj scmuthnig ti prc `djdfh mh ecstun jri fi ri pdehr ig mh nhfru bhfh,ixeip tc ig mhs \hseuhs fi Ghvdfhf y Zi surrieedõg y ig mh Ndsh fi mhs Nirei fis, fcg fi is tu-vdisi is thjmiedfh.

Vhnjdäg si hutcrdzhrcg mcs ripdquis si bûg pri vigîh im eiri nc gdhm, h mh igtrhfh y shmdfh fimcs ndinjrcs fim Bcjdirgc ig mhs hsdstig edhs rimdbdcshs y ig mhs prcei sdcgis, fi heuir fc ecgmh ecstun jri.

Gc si pc fîh ripdehr gd fcjmhr ig gdgbugh dbmisdh ndigtrhs ig mh nhtrdz si istuvdirhg rizhgfc`c rhs ehgõgdehs c eimijrhg fc hmbugh ougedõg.

H mcs dgorhetcris si mis siøhmõ numths1 y si dgemuyõ igtri mhs shgedcgis im hrristc h mcs ehnph-gi rcs y mh imdndghedõg fi mcs jhfh kcs fi mhs ehnphghs.

Mhs pmibhrdhs, ecg mh thxhtdvh furhedõg fi edgec ndgutcs, qui fhrcg scmc phrh mcs ehscs figi ei sdfhfis pû jmdehs su kiths h mh fdspcsdedõg fi Bcjdirgc y, hfi nès, phrh mcs fîhs fi rcbhtdvhssi øhmhfhs phrh mh Dbmisdh y phrh mcs ehscs is thjmiedfcs pcr mh ecstun jri fi eh fh mubhr. Mh siøhmphrh ecgvcehr h ndsh irh pcr ug euhrtc fi `c rh ig mcs fîhs oistdvcs y pcr edgec ndgutcs ig mcsfîhs fi trh jh kc. Im tcqui h euhmqudir `crh fim fîh c fi mh gceì qui fõ pir ndtdfc ûgdehnig ti igmcs ehscs fi dgeig fdõ c dgugfhedõg pimdbrcsh. Mhs hbcgîhs scmc si fijîhg tc ehr ecg fdiz pumsh-edcgis, y quifõ prc `djdfc in pmihr ig immhs im tdinpc fis puäs fi mhs ce`c fi mh gceì.

Im fieri tc ri bmhnig tõ thn jdäg mcs fcjmis ugdvirshmis ecg tcfhs mhs ehnphghs (ecg nc tdvcfim ohmmiedndig tc fi hmths hutcrdfhfis y im 8 fi gcvdinjri)1 mcs fcjmis phrtdeumhris ecg tc fhs mhsehn phghs (pcr mh nuirti fi ctrcs fdb ghthrdcs)1 y mcs fcjmis ecg scmc tris c fcs ehnphghs (trh-tègfc si fi pir scghs fi vdsc).

IM ZIBMHNIGVC FI \C MDEÎH T NCZHMDFHF \HZH MDNH.- Im 88 fi gcvdinjri fi 8054oui prcnumbhfc ig @uhgehyc im Zibmhnig tc fi \c mdeîh y Ncrhmdfhf ph rh Mdnh y su prcvdgedh. Uuecgti gdfc irh im sdbudigti; D.Fi mcs in pmihfcs fim rhnc fi \c mdeîh. Fim dgtig fig ti1 fim euirpc fisi rigcs y vdbdmhgtis1 fim ecnhg fhg ti1 fi mcs tigdigtis1 fi mcs ehjcs1 fi mcs sirigcs y vdbdmhgtis1fi mcs tigdigtis ig mcs fds trdtcs fi ehn pc1 fim tiscri rc. DD.Fi mh finhr ehedõg tirrdtcrdhm y fim in ph-frcghndigtc. Fi mh finhr ehedõg ig euhrti mis1 fim inphfrc ghndig tc. DDD.Fi mh siburdfhf pû jmdeh. Fi mcs phshpcrtis1 fi mcs fisirtcris y rics prõoubcs1 fi mh dgspie edõg fi eèrei mis y mubhris fisi burdfhf pû jmdeh1 fi mhs hrnhs prc `djdfhs1 fi mcs vhbhjug fcs y nig fdbcs1 fi mh vigth fi põmvc-



MH \HUDÕG \CZ MCU VCZCU. Mh trhfdedõg thurdgh, qui si rincgth ig im \irû h mh pceh ecmcgdhm, oui eumtdvhfhthnjd g furhgti mh Zipûjmdeh. Isth heuhrimh fi Micgei Hgbrhgf, fi mh prdnirh ndthf fim sdbmc PDP, nuistrh eõnc sihgugedhjhg mhs ecrrdfhs fi tcrcs qui si rihmdzhjhg ig mh \mhzh fi He`c (8). Ig mh sibugfh dnhbig, ugh heuhrimh fi\hge`c Odirrc, ugh ehpihfcrh si igorigth h ug tcrc (:). Odghmnigti, vincs ug vcmhgti fi 805? hgugedhgfc ughecrrdfh, thnjd g ig mh \mhzh fi He`c (5).


Q8

Q:^ Q5



Hfinès fi mh guivhEcgstdtuedõg, ig 8054 si

prcnumbõ imZibmhnigtc fi \cmdeîh y Ncrhmdfhf. Ig m si

ecgsdbghjh mhs gcrnhsqui fijîhg sibudr mcs

sirigcs y vdbdmhgtis fitcfh mh Zipûjmdeh.

Igtri mhs ougedcgis fiistcs pirscghkis,

hfinès fi vdbdmhr imcrfig pûjmdec, isthjh

mh fi hgugedhr mhmmibhfh fi mhs fdiz fi mhgceì y mh fi dgfdehr imisthfc fim tdinpc. Isth

heuhrimh pirtigiei h\hge`c Odirrc.

MCU UIZ_DFCZIUFIM CZFIG


rh1 fi mcs dgeig fdcs i dgugfhedcgis1 fi mhs ecshs rcjh fhs y pirfdfhs. D_.Fi mh ncrhm y fim crfig pûjmdec. Fi mcs hjuscs ecgtrh mh rimdbdõg, mh ncrhm y mh fieig edh pûjmdeh1 fi mcs riqudsdtcs phrhnu fhr hmc khndig tc1 fi mhs jctdehs, ehoäs, pcshfhs y ehshs fi ecg eurrigedh pûjmdeh1 fim hmunjrh fcpûjmdec1 fi mh siburdfhf y ec nc fdfhf fim trègsdtc pcr mhs ehmmis1 fi mhs pmhzhs y mubhris fi hjhs tcpûjmdecs1 fi mhs pishs y ni fdfhs1 fi mhs fdvirsdcgis pû jmdehs1 fi mcs ougi rhmis, mutcs y tcquis fi

ehn phgh. _.Fi mh shmujrdfhf, crghtc y hsic pûjmdec. Fi mh shmujrdfhf pû jmdeh1 fim crghtc fi mhpcjmhedõg1 fim hsic pûjmdec. _D.Fi mcs isemhvcs y fi mh pcmdeîh fi mcs vhmmis y ig mh ecn prigsdõg fi mh prcvdgedh. _DD. Fi mcs ocgfcs fi pc mdeîh y fi mcs kudedcs scjri mhs dgorheedcgis fi is ti Zibmhnig tc.

Ecgtdigi is ti Zi bmhnig tc gcrnhs prc pdhs fi ugh vdfh hecn phshfh y phtrdhrehm. Mcs sirigcsfi jîhg eudfhr mhs ehmmis fisfi im hthrfi eir, hgugedhr mh `crh fis fi mhs fdiz fi mh gceì, ig vczhmth i dgfdehr sd im tdinpc is thjh trhgqudmc, mmuvdcsc c vig tcsc. Ehfh fui øc fi eh sh quifhjhcjmdbhfc h fhr rhzõg fi su ohndmdh y fi mcs dgqudmdgcs qui tu vdiri. Ghfdi pc fîh shmdr fi mh edufhfsdg phshpcrti. Xudigis coig fdirig c ig ehrgi edisig pû jmdehnig ti h mh rimdbdõg fim Isthfc, h mhnc rhm c h mh fieig edh irhg ehstdbhfcs si virhnig ti. H gdgbûg thmmir pûjmdec is thjh pir ndtdfchjrdr ig fîh fi odisth rimdbdcsh c eîvdeh. Uditi ohrcmis dmundghjhg ehfh euhfrh ig mh gceì. Mh ocrnhy mhs ehrheti rîstdehs fi mcs isehrjcs bi gi rhmis y mhs mdnpdhs ig mhs heiqudhs ribhfc rhs qui htrhvi-shjhg mh edufhf, fh jhg mubhr h ribmhs ixpri shs. @hjîh prc`djdedõg phrh jhdmis y riugdcgis ju mmdedcshs ig tdigfhs, ehmmi kcgis c ehmmis fispuäs fi mhs fdiz fi mh gceì. Hmbugcs hrtîeumcs fimZibmhnig tc vi gîhg h tigir ug ecg ti gdfc pi mdbrcsc ig ehsc fi sir hpmdehfcs pcr hutcrdfhfishju sdvhs. Mh mdeig edh phrh hjrdr dnprig ths pcfîh sir gi bhfh sd im inpri shrdc gc prisig thjh mhsbhrhgtîhs giei shrdhs phrh rispcgfir ig mcs ehscs ig qui mh miy mi dnpusdirh rispcgshjdmdfhf. Mcsdnpri scs qui pcr dgnc rhmis, drrimdbdcscs c ecgtrhrdcs hm crfig oui rig prc `djdfcs pcr mhs miyis cpcr im Bcjdirgc y sdg injhr bc si pu jmdehsig, fi jîhg sir in jhrbhfcs pcr mh pcmdeîh y puistcs,ecg im dnpri scr, h fdspcsdedõg fim kuiz ecnpi tig ti, pri vdh ugh numth.

Im Zibmhnig tc fi \c mdeîh y Ncrhmdfhf oui nc fdodehfc pcr hmbughs igndig fhs phredhmis y suj-sdstdõ `hsth 8022. Vdigig ri mhedõg ecg äm suei scs pcmîtdecs ceurrdfcs fu rhgti mh hfndgdstrhedõg fiNcrhmis Jirnû fiz (804<-8046) y mh sibugfh fi Eè ei ris.

Q Dx ÔDUCGCNÎH FI MDNH, MHU EHMMIU T MHU EHUHU.- Mdnh gc `h jîh ehn jdhfc fis fi mcsûmtdncs fîhs fim _drridghtc. Ehrieîh fi gui vhs ehmmis, hvigdfhs c pmhzhs, shmvc mh pmhzuimh, mh ehmmiy im pcrthm fim Vihtrc c fi 2 fi si tdin jri nhg fhfhs h irdbdr ig 80:: y ecgstrudfhs ri edäg ig8069. Vhnpcec `h jîh gui vcs ifdodedcs pûjmdecs c phrtdeumhris. Mh edufhf, ecg ugh pc jmhedõg fi99.?:2 `hjdthgtis ig 805?, si bûg mh isthfîstdeh fi Eõrfc vh y Yrrutdh (Ig 80:< ouircg ?6.<<<fde`cs `h jdthgtis) si buîh ocrnh fh pcr 5.50< ehshs, 9? dbmisdhs y ecgvig tcs, 56 pmhzhs c èrihshjdirths y 684 ehmmis, mh nhycr phrti fi isths sdg phvdnig tc. Ecnc eh rheti rîstdeh bigi rhm y ecgorieuig tis ehn jdcs c hmti rhedcgis, pc fîhg od khrsi edirths gcrnhs sc jri mhs ehshs. Ecgsthjhg fiugc c fcs pdscs y irhg fi hfc ji. H vi eis pri sig thjhg fcs puir ths; ugh, mh prdgedphm, origti hmzhbuèg y, eireh fi immh, mh fi mh eceì rh. Igednh fi ugh u ctrh pc fîh `hjir ugh pi qui øh `hjd-

thedõg ecg ugh vigthgh. Mh odscgcnîh fi edir ths ehmmis, scjri tc fc mhs qui fhjhg heei sc h mh\mhzh fi Hrnhs y mhs qui ocrnh jhg ugh zcgh prdvdmibdhfh ig tri immh y mhs pmhzuimhs fi UhgtcFcndgbc, Uhg Hbustîg, Uhg Uijhs tdèg, Uhg Orhgedsec, Uhg \ifrc y mh Dgqudsdedõg, isthjh in ji mmi-edfh pcr jhmecgis fi nh fi rh fis fi fcg fi si pc fîh htdsjhr sdg sir vdstc, ig eurdcsh sini khgzhecg im trh ki fi mhs mdni øhs. Ig nu e`cs ehscs, fim zhbuèg si phshjh hm isphedcsc phtdc qui, igsus euhtrc mhfcs, ti gîh `hjdthedcgis. Mhs qui fhjhg h mh ehmmi cstig thjhg ri khs fi `dirrc qui, hvieis, ti gîhg hrtîstdeh crghnig thedõg. Mh shmh y mh euhfrh, ugdfhs pcr ugh puir th fi vdfrdcs, irhgutdmdzhfhs phrh mh vdfh fi ri mhedõg ecg hndbcs c phrdigtis1 im ecni fcr, mcs fcrndtcrdcs y ctrhs`hjdthedcgis dgti rdcris ti gîhg ecnu gdehedõg ecg ug sibugfc ph tdc, mmhnh fc im trhsphtdc, euyhs



Mh shyh y im nhgtcecgvdrtdircg, fisfi im _drridghtc, ig mh vistdnigth trhfdedcgmhs mdniøhs, h mhsecgceîh ecnc „thphfhIm nhgtc, ug vimc figibrh, si utdmdzhjh eujrdr mh ehrh, fikhscmc ckc h mh vdsth‐thphfhs — utdmdzhjhthnjd g mh shyh, ugqui vhrdhjh ig ecmcrehmdfhf, fipigfdigfcmh ecgfdedõg iecgõfi su prcpdithrdh.

MH ECXYIVMDNIØH


phri fis h vi eis mueîhg pdgturhs. Ig im trhsphtdc scmîh eumtdvhrsi ug pi qui øc khrfîg ecnu gdeègfc-si ecg mh ecedgh y im ecrrhm. Yg ehmmi kõg sirvîh phrh im trèodec fdrie tc ig tri im phtdc y im trhsphtdc ypcr äm scmîhg phshr mhs ehjhmbhfu rhs. Ig im sibugfc pdsc thn jdäg hjîh shmh, euhfrh y fcrndtcrdcs1mhs `hjdthedcgis qui gc fh jhg h mh ehmmi igecgtrèjhg si ig mh phrti hmth fi mcs mhfcs fim phtdc. Igmcs tie`cs is thjh mh hzctih qui sir vîh fi mubhr fi kuibc phrh mcs gdøcs c phrh tigfir mh rcph1 gc

ohmthjhg hmmî nhei ths ecg omcris y tcmfcs c pir sdhghs phrh prctie edõg fim scm. Mhs vigthghs fihmbugcs fi mcs euhrtcs si imivhjhg pcr ig ednh fi mcs tie`cs y qudthjhg hm pdsc fi mh hzctih suribumhrdfhf. Uhmvc edirths ixeip edcgis ec nc mh ehsh fi Vcrri Vhbmi y hmbughs ctrhs, mhs ohe`hfhsgc pri sig thjhg hphrdigedhs fi mu kc, sd jdig ig im dgti rdcr, h pishr fi mh pcjri zh ridghgti, hmbughssi ehrheti rdzhjhg pcr im jchtc y nu e`îsdnhs pcr im juig bustc.

MHU DBMIUDHU T MHU \MH[HU.- Igtri mhs dbmisdhs mmhnh jhg mh htigedõg fim ixtrhg kirc mh Ehti-frhm, euycs ehgõgdbcs mueîhg prigfhs is pmigfc rcshs ig mcs fîhs fi odisth1 im dgnig sc ecgvig-tc y mh jimmh dbmisdh fi Uhg Orhgedsec, fcg fi vi gi rèjh si mh dnhbig fim Uiøcr fi mcs Ndmhbrcs1Uhg Mèzhrc, qui si ehrheti rdzhjh pcr su ix ti rdcr htrhyigti y mh sdnpmdedfhf heir thfh fi sufi ecrhedõg dgti rdcr y h fcgfi irhg mmivhfcs mcs ehfè vi ris fi mhs pirscghs fis ecgcedfhs quiohmmieîhg ig mhs ehmmis1 mcs Fisehmzcs, nc rhfh fi mcs orhgedsehgcs y scsti gdfh ni fdhgti mdncs-ghs y ig euyc khrfîg is thjhg mhs ûgdehs phmni rhs qui ig tcgeis `h jîh ig Mdnh1 mh Ziecmith fiUhg Fdibc, mubhr prifdmietc fi ri tdrc ig mcs fîhs fi Uinh gh Uhgth1 Uhgtc Fc ndgbc, qui bc zh-jh fi ugh ocr tugh ecg mh rigth fi sus prc pdifh fis ur jh ghs y qui si ehrheti rdzhjh pcr su tc rridgemdghfh, mh nès hmth fi mh edufhf1 Uhg \ifrc, ceuphfh ig tcgeis pcr ugcs euhgtcs sheir fc tisfim emirc ribumhr qui tigîhg h su ehrbc thn jdäg im crhtcrdc fi Uhg Oimdpi Gi rd1 Uhg Hbustîg,hehufh mhfc ec nc Uhgtc Fc ndgbc, y qui ti gîh ig Uhg Dmfi ocgsc ug mcehm hgixc1 y mh Nireif,nu e`c nès pc jri. \h rh ncg khs `hjîhg fdi edsäds ecgvig tcs. Igtri immcs si fisthehjh mh Ecg-eip edõg, nuy rdec y fim qui si fi eîh `hjîh pir fdfc su fdsedpmdgh1 Uhgth Emhrh y Igehrghedõg,sdndmhrnig ti jdig fc thfcs, y mcs nès rdburcscs fi tc fcs qui irhg Mhs Ehpue`dghs fi KisûsNhrîh, mhs Ghzhrighs y mhs Vrdgdthrdhs Fisehmzhs. \hrh mhs nu kiris fi vcths qui si ri tdrhjhg fi mhvdfh nug fhgh `hjîhg mcs jihti rdcs fim \htrcedgdc, Uhgth Zcsh fi _dtir jc y Ec phehjh gh. Ig imZioubdc fi Uhg Kcsä si ri oubdhjhg mhs nu kiris ehshfhs qui qui rîhg mdjrhrsi fi nh mcs nhrdfcs.Mcs ispcscs scmîhg nhgfhr hm Zioubdc h sus eõgyubis qui gi ei sdthjhg vdfh trhgqudmh y crh-edõg1 irh giei shrdc phrh immc pirndsc fim Hrzcjdsphfc.

Mh \mhzh fi Hrnhs gc ti gîh phvdnig tc1 pirc ig im suimc `hjîh odgh hrigh. Origti hm \hmhedc fiBcjdirgc is thjh mh mhrbh `dmirh fi oihs y piqui øhs tdigfhs mmhnh fhs "mh rdji rh". Vhnjdäg sibuîhgmhs tdigfhs pcr im mhfc fim \hmhedc qui fhjh h mh ehmmi fi isi gcnjri, trh fdedcghmnig ti mmhnh fcfim "Odirrc _di kc" pcr ugc fi mcs hrtîeumcs qui si vigfîhg hmmî. Mh igtrhfh prdgedphm fim \hmhedcqui fhjh ig ish eh mmi1 mh phrti fi htrès eh rieîh fi ig trhfh y phri eîh ugh prdsdõg.

Im \hmhedc fi Bcjdirgc, ig su dgti rdcr, irh pcjri y fis thrthmhfc. Mh mmhnh fh "Uhmh fi mcs _drri-yis", hfcrghfh hgtis ecg mcs ritrhtcs fi istcs qui `h jîhg phshfc hm nusic, sir vîh ecnc mubhrfi hrig bhs y fi jhdmi. Kugtc hm Ehjdmfc c Nu gdedphmdfhf ig ecgtrèjh si mh eèreim fi mh edufhf. Ig

dnpcrthgedh, mh sibugfh pmhzh fi Mdnh irh mh fi mh Dgqudsdedõg c fi mh Ecgstdtuedõg, qui eunpmîhougedcgis fi nir ehfc y fcg fi is thjhg im hgtdbuc ifdodedc fim trdju ghm fi isi gcn jri, utdmdzhfc,ig phrti, ecnc fi põsdtc y, ig phrti, ecnc prdsdõg1 y mh Ygdvirsdfhf fi Uhg Nhrecs, ig euyh humhnhb gh si riu gîh im Ecgbri sc.

H mcs ecsthfcs fi mh \mhzh fi mh Dgqudsdedõg `hjîhgsi hjdir tc puis tcs fi pis ehfc. Origti hmhgtdbuc phmhedc fi is ti trdju ghm si ujdehjhg mhs ehrgdei rîhs. Mdnh ecg sunîh, `hedh 806<, vidgti ctridgth ehji zhs fi bhghfc vheugc y igtri edig y sisig th y fcs fi bh ghfc cvi kugc. Gc si vigfîhig im nir ehfc ehrgi fi puir ec. Ix`djîhgsi, ig ehn jdc, brhg ehgtdfhf fi hvis1 ei mijrh fcs phvcsvigîhg fi @uhe`c. Ig mh Dgqudsdedõg gc si rihmdzhjh thn pcec im ixpig fdc fi omcris1 im nirehfc



”Hecnphøhrincs, h`crh, h mcs mdni-øcs ig fcs hetdvdfhfis thg dnpcr-thgtis ecnc scg ecnir y jijir. Im

fishyugc si suimi tcnhr h mhs 4 fi mhnhøhgh1 ecgsdsti fi ehrgi fi ehrgircshgece`hfh (im shgece`hfc), ehmfc igim euhm si `h ìrvdfc yuehs, y eùpi. Igsu ocrnh nès sigedmmh, thm ecnc sisuimi ecnir euhgfc si istè fi vdhki,isti ûmtdnc ecgsdsti scmhnigti fiphphs pimhfhs, ìrvdfhs ig hbuh shmh-fh ecg quisc y hkî. Ig su ocrnh nèsecnpmith ecgtdigi uivcs, ehnhrcgisy pisehfc ordtc, mc euhm mc ecgvdirti igug pmhtc shjrcsc. Im fishyugc tirndghecg e`cecmhti ecg mieì (...).

Mh ecndfh prdgedphm si dgdedh h mhs fcs ctris fi mh thrfi ecg ugh scph, h mh euhmsdbui im pueìrc qui is im pmhtc prdged-phm. Ig su ocrnh nès ecnpmith, ecgtdi-gi ehrgi fi ris, ehrgi fi e`hge`c,tcedgc, khnõg, shme`de`h, hvi, ecm,yuehs, ehnctis, phphs, hrrcz, bhrjhg-zcs, e`cemdtcs, ninjrdmmcs y pmèthgcs.\rdnirc si pcgi hm ouibc im hbuh ecgmh ehrgi, mcs bhrjhgzcs y im hrrcz y,muibc, si vhg høhfdigfc mhs virfurhssibûg su tdinpc fi eceedõg, nès ecrtcc nès mhrbc. \hrh mhs ehrgis si utdmdzhig mh nish ugh ouigti, y phrh mhs vir-furhs ctrh. (...) Im pueìrc is ug pmhtcthg ixeimigti y gutrdtdvc qui jhsthrîh

ecg äm phrh `heir ugh ecndfh1 pirc igMdnh is ecgsdfirhfc ecnc ugh dgtrc-fueedõg h isth. Muibc si pcgi ig mhnish h mh viz pisehfc, virfurhs,phphs, ecnpcths, hshfc y igshmhfh1ehfh ugc pdfi mc qui fisih y sdrvi hmcs finès fi mh ouigti qui tdigifimhgti. Yg pmhtc qui, ecnc im pueì-rc, gc puifi ohmthr ig im hmnuirzc, isim pdehgti. Ui ecgcei ecg isti gcnjrimcs pmhtcs priphrhfcs ecg ugh igcrniehgtdfhf fi hkî. \hrh ug phmhfhr iurc-pic is hm prdgedpdc nuy fcmcrcscecnir sdqudirh ughs eue`hrhfhs fiistcs pmhtcs, pcrqui im ecgfdnigtcquinh mh jceh ecnc ehrjcgis igeig-fdfcs. Euhgfc si ecni ecg nès ori-euigedh, si hecstunjrh ugc hm hrfcr ysi mi fh prioirigedh h istcs pmhtcs. Mcspdehgtis ohvcrdtcs scg mh ehrhpumerh,ìe`h fi phphs siehs fisniguzhfhsecg ehrgi, mh mhbuh fi `hrdgh fi nhîzecg ehrgi fi e`hge`c, im zhgbc quiecgsdsti fi dgbrifdigtis phriedfcs, ime`hrqudeèg fi ehrgi fi ris sieh ynheùehfh, mcs hfcjcs fi ehrgi fie`hge`c, im pdehgti fi cmmuecs fi ughrhîz phriedfh h mh phph, ecrthfh igfhfdtcs, ite„.

Fi; Vistdncgdc fim \irû , Mdnh; VhmmirisBrèodecs \. M. _dmmhguivh, 84??, pp.868-86:.

IM IUVuFDCUCUuDzC KC@Hgg

KHECJ _Cg VUE@uFDZIECZZDÕ IM \IZÛIgVZI 8050 T 806:,

ECN\IgIVZ gFCUIECg Uu BICBZHoîH,

Uu @DUVCZDH T UuU

ECUVuNJZIU. IMUDBuDIgVI VIxVCBDZH Ig VCZgC H

MC quI IZH MHVî\DEH ECNDFH

MDNIøH Ig HquIMIgVCgEIU.

MH HMDNIgVHEDÕg H DgDEDCUFI MH ZI\ÛJMDEH

\IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 58 :4?



:4

sitdin80:9Qpirû



:9


fi immhs isthjh ig mh \mhzh fi Hrnhs, hugqui `h jîh ig trhfc ig fi ehfig edh ig rimhedõg ecg tdin-pcs phshfcs y gc hjug fh jhg yh thgtc mcs "pueì rcs fi omcris", ecg kugtcs si mietcs gc scmc omc-rhmis sdgc thn jdäg oruthmis, mdgfcs ig su hs pie tc y hrcnh fcs ecg "hbuh rdeh".

Uibûg mcs fhtcs fi Eõr fc vh y Yrrutdh, rietdodehfcs pcr \i frc. I. Fhgeuhrt, mh prcpdifhfdgnui jmi rûstdeh y urjh gh fi mh prcvdgedh fi Mdnh ri pri sig tõ `hedh 8050, :5.540.86< piscs y

mcs ehpdthmis ig bdrc ig im ecnir edc y ig mhs dgfus trdhs 6.4?0.:4< pi scs. Figtrc fim euhfrc fi mhprcpdifhf ur jh gh fi mh ehpdthm, hseig fîh h 8<.?<9 im gûni rc fi eh shs, ehsdths, scmhris, tdigfhs,eceì rhs pumpi rîhs, ehmmi kcgis y thn jcs fi mcs euhmis 0.29< pirti gi eîhg h phrtdeumhris. Fim ris-tc, im nhycr gûni rc (9:0) irh fi mcs ncghsti rdcs, sdbudägfc mcs mh Jigi odeig edh (590), mhs ehpdmmhs(:?5), im Isthfc (8::), mcs isthjmiedndig tcs fi dgstrueedõg y mcs jihti rdcs.

MH DGVZCFYEEDÕG FI MH EHØIZÎH FI ODIZZC.- Ixeip tc ig mc ecgeirgdigti h mhs hmbh-rhfhs pc mîtdehs y ndmdthris y sus ecgsi euig edhs, mh odscgcnîh fi Mdnh ph ri eîh gc `hjir ehn jdh-fc fisfi mcs fîhs fi mcs vdrriyis. Udg injhr bc, im ecgtrhtc qui im bcjdirgc hprcjõ im 4 ficetujri fi 8056 sdn jc mdzõ mh mmibhfh fi ug ohetcr ig ti rhnig ti gui vc ig mh vdfh urjh gh._irsõ isti ecg trhtc scjri mh ecmcehedõg pcr Vcnès Bdmm fi ugh ehøi rîh fi odirrc ecmhfc fis fimh eh kh fi Uhgtc Vcnès `hs th mh pdmh fi mh \mhzh fi Hrnhs, ecg ehphedfhf ph rh fhr hbuh h tcfhsmhs pdmhs fi mhs ehmmis pcr fcgfi fi jîh phshr. Mh ehøi rîh fi jîh ti gir ig fds tdgtcs mubhris ris pd-rhfi rcs phrh ribhr mhs ehmmis ecg ohedmdfhf y, ig eh sc fi dgeig fdc, pcfir ec mcehr ugh nèqudghphrh ixtdgbudrmc.

Hgti rdcrnig ti si `h jîh ushfc ehøi rîh fi jh rrc.Bdmm odburõ ig im ecgtrhtc fi hn pmdhedõg y riphrhedõg fim nuimmi fim Ehmmhc ig 805<, ig im

prcyietc fi oi rrcehrrdm fi Mdnh hm Ehmmhc ig 8056 y ig ctrhs cjrhs1 y Ieìgdqui fdei ig susni nc rdhs qui `dzc mcs pmhgcs phrh ugh nèqudgh fi vhpcr fis tdghfh h nc mir ehøh ig su`hedigfh. Rdmmdhn Rìimwrdb`t oui im ecgstruetcr fi ugh eh øi rîh fi odirrc phrh mmivhr hbuh hmEhmmhc, puirtc `hs th ig tcgeis dgshmujri pcr qui immh fdseurrîh scjri ug ti rrigc ohgbcsc.

MH UH TH T IM NHGVC.- Ygc fi mcs nctdvcs pcr mcs qui dnpri sdcghjh mh pc jmhedõg fi Mdnhh mcs vdsdthgtis ix trhg kircs suj sdsti tc fhvîh y is mh fdvirsdfhf y mh nizemh fi rhzhs. Ctrc, h fish-phriedfc yh phrh pirfu rhr ig mh miyig fh y prcvigîh fi qui mhs nu kiris mmivhjhg su ohnc sh"shyh y nhgtc" phrh ehndghr ig mhs ehmmis i dr h mhs dbmisdhs, mhs prcei sdcgis y, ig bi gi rhm, h mcshetcs pûjmdecs1 scmc ig mhs vdsdths y ig edirths mcehmdfhfis fim tih trc mueîhg vistdfcs ec rrispcg-fdigtis h mh ncfh orhgei sh. Hsî, mh edufhf ph ri eîh, ecnc is erdjdõ ug vdh kirc, ig pir nh gig tiehrghvhm. Im nhgtc irh ug vi mc fi bruish sifh gi brh qui si prig fîh ig mh edgturh y vimhjh imrcstrc, eujrîh mh ehji zh y fi khjh hm fis eujdir tc ug ckc, mh mîgih fi mh ghrdz y ug pifhzc fi ni kd-mmh. Mh shyh c ohmfh pc fîh sir hkusthfh c fis pmibhfh, ehn jdhfh fi ec mcr sibûg im bustc pir scghmy `hsth mhs prioirig edhs pcmîtdehs. Omcrh Vrdstèg fis erdjdõ hsî mh shyh y im nhgtc ig 8456;

"Isth ohmfh qui si `h ei fi fds tdgths emhsis fi ti mh, sibûg mh kirhrquîh y mh ocrtugh, is fi ug

trhjh kc virfhfi rhnig ti ix trhcrfdghrdc y tdigi fi ri e`c h odburhr ig mhs ecmieedcgis ec nc ugcj kitc eurdcsc. Mh shyh scmc si puifi ig ehrbhr ig Mdnh y mhs mdni øhs hsiburhg qui is pri edsc`h jir gh edfc ig Mdnh ph rh shjir `h eirmh1 gd ug e`dmigc gd ug euzqui øc ecgsi budrîh pmibhr mhshyh. Isti hsir tc, euyh ixhetdtuf gc ì ecn prcjh fc, prui jh euèg tc si fdoirig edh isti vis tdfcfi tc fcs mcs ecgcedfcs. _cy h trhthr puis fi fis erdjdrmc ndguedcshnig ti".

"\hrh `heir ugh shyh ecrrdigti si gi ei sdthg fi fc ei h ehtcrei vhrhs fi rhsc1 si ocrrh ecgthoitèg c ecg ugh ti mdth fi hmbcfõg nuy mdbi rh. H ehnjdc fi mhs ehtcrei vhrhs fi rhsc mi fivuim-vig h ustif ugh ohmfdth fi tris euhr ths fi mhrbc qui hkustègfc si fcs fi fcs pcr ig ednh fi mhsehfi rhs fis edigfi `hs th mcs tcjdmmcs1 is thg hkusthfh pcr hjh kc qui tdigi ixhe thnig ti im hge`c

ugC FI MCUNCVD_CU \CquIDN\ZIUDCgH\CJMHEDÕgMDNH H MC_DUDVHgVIIxVZHgKIZCUuJUDUVI VT IU MH

FD_IZUDFHFNIzEMH FI ZCVZC, @HFIUH\HZIED\HZH \IZFuZIg MH MITIg\ZC_IgîH FI qMHU NuKIZMMI_HJHg UoHNCUH "UHNHgVC" \HZEHNDgHZ IgEHMMIU I DDBMIUDHU\ZCEIUDCgIUIg BIgIZHM, MCU HEVCU

\ÛJMDECU (



Oui ugh fi mhsfdvirsdcgis nès

pcpumhris ig Mdnhfurhgti im sdbmc PDP.

@irifhfhs fi mcstdinpcs ecmcgdhmis, sirihmdzhjhg ig mh \mhzh

fi Vcrcs fi Mdnh,ecgstrudfh pcr im vdrriy

Hnht ig 82??. @hedh mhf ehfh fi 80:<, im

pdgtcr ecstunjrdsth\hge`c Odirrc

riprisigtõ hmbughsiseighs fi mhs ecrrdfhs,

igtri immhs mh qui vincs hquî.

MHU ECZZDFHUFI VCZCU


gi ei shrdc phrh pcfir ug pdi fi mhgti fim ctrc y hgfhr h phsdtcs. Ui `hmmh ugh thg hprithfh igis th ohmfh ecnc ig ugh oug fh. Istè pmibhfh fi hrrdjh hjh kc ecg pmdibuis thg ni gufcs y ri bu-mhris qui is dn pcsdjmi fis eujrdr mhs ecsturhs. Istcs pmdibuis nuy jdig pmhge`hfcs fhg hm vistd-fc thg th imhstdedfhf, qui ì vds tc shyhs qui fis puäs fi qudgei høcs fi usc ecg sirvhjhgimhstdedfhf su odedigti ph rh fdju khr mhs ocrnhs y hecnc fhrsi h tcfcs mcs ncvdndig tcs".

"Mhs nu kiris fi mh jui gh scedifhf mmivhg mh shyh fi rhsc gi brc1 mhs imibhgtis mhs tdigigthn jdäg fi ec mcris fi ohgthsîh, thmis ecnc nc rhfc, nh rrõg, virfi, hzum nhrdgc, h rhyhs, pircgugeh fi ec mcris emhrcs h ehush fi qui mhs nu kiris pûjmdehs `hg hfcp thfc istcs. Im nhgtcsdin pri is gi brc, ig vuimvi im justc y gc fi kh vir nès qui ug ckc. Mhs md niøhs mmivhg sdinpriug ecrpdøc fim qui gc si vig sdgc mhs nhgbhs1 nhgbhs ecrths c mhrbhs qui scg fi ti mhs rdehs;tir edcpi mc, rhsc fi ec mcr c tum1 pirc mh nhycr phrti fi mhs nu kiris vhg ecg mcs jrhzcs fis gufcsig tc fc tdin pc. Im ehmzhfc fi mhs mdni øhs is fi ugh imi bhgedh qui mmhnh mh htigedõg; mmivhg nuyjc gdtcs zhphtcs fi rh sc fi ec mcris fdstdgtcs hfcr ghfcs ecg jcr fh fcs1 sd scg mdscs, im ecmcr fimhs edgths ecgtrhsth ecg im fi mcs zhphtcs… Fis fi `h ei hmbugcs høcs si `h dgtrcfu edfc mhnc fh fi mmivhr brhgfis nhg tcgis fi eris põg fi e`d gh rdehnig ti jcr fh fcs ig ec mcris. Mhhfcp edõg fi is tcs nhg tcgis `h fh fc h su trh ki nès fi eig edh, vimhgfc ecg hn pmdtuf im fisgu-fc y mhs ocrnhs fi nh sdhfc nhr ehfhs".

"¡Xuä brhedh y quä sifue edõg mh fi isths ìr nc shs mdni øhs ecg su shyh gibrh qui jrdmmh hscm, fdju khgfc sus ocrnhs ghturhmis ig ughs y pcstdzhs ig ctrhs, pi rc thg jdig dndthfhs qui hmvirmhs is dnpcsdjmi dnhbdghr mh supir eì rîh! ¡Xuä brhedcscs sus nc vdndig tcs fi cn jrcs euhg-fc tdrhg im nhgtc phrh ceumthr igti rhnig ti mh ehrh qui h rhtcs fi khg vir h ùrthfdmmhs! ¡Xuä odgcy omixdjmi su thmmi y quä cgfu mhgti im jhmhgeic fi su hg fhr! ¡Xuä jcgdtcs scg sus ni gufcs pdisy qui mèstdnh qui sihg ug pc ec hge`cs!".

"Mh shyh, ecnc ì fd e`c, is im trh ki ghedcghm. Vcfhs mhs nu kiris mh vdstig sih euhm ouiri surhgbc, y ocrnh phrti fi mhs ecstun jris fim phîs, ecnc ig Crdig ti im vimc fi mh nusumnh gh.Fis fi im ecndig zc hsth im odghm fim høc, shmig mhs mdni øhs igeujdir ths fi is ti nc fc. Im qui sihtrivdirh h mivhgthr im nhgtc qui mi ceumth fi rcs trc, sirîh pirsi budfc pcr mh dgfdbghedõg pûjmd-eh y sivi rhnig ti ehstdbhfc".

Im nhgti gdndig tc fi mh shyh y im nhgtc h trhväs fi mcs høcs, h pishr fi qui mh ncfh oini-gdgh is, pcr mc bigi rhm, sdgõgdnc fi mc vhrdhjmi, riouirzh mh tisds fi qui, jh kc mcs trhgstcrgcspcmîtdecs, si vdvîh fig trc fi mh isthjdmdfhf ig mh vdfh scedhm.

FD _IZUDCGIU T IGVZIVIGDNDIGVCU. MHU ECZZDFHU FI VCZCU; IM VCZIC HEHJHMMC T MHU NY KIZIU. MCU FIU\I KCU.- Mhs brhgfis fd virsdcgis pû jmdehs ig Mdnhirhg mhs ecrrdfhs fi tc rcs, im tihtrc y mhs pimhs fi bhmmcs.

Mhs ecrrdfhs fi tc rcs ig mh hgtdbuh \mhzh fi He`c, erih jhg yh brhg ixedthedõg pûjmdeh igtri`cn jris y nu kiris hgti su sc mc hgugedc. Ui pujmdehjhg ehrti mis ig mhs isqudghs phrh hgugedhr-mhs1 y irhg prcoushnig ti ri phrtdfhs mhs mdsths c mdstdgis ig vir scs, ig fcg fi ec mhjc rhrcg hmbugcsfi mcs pciths nès ei mijrh fcs. Im fîh phrh mhs ecrrdfhs, fu rhgti mh tinpcrhfh, ig im virhgc, irh

im mugis. Im sdnpmi ìe`c fim phsc fi mh ecg eurrigedh pcr mhs ehmmis phrh fdrdbdrsi h mh \mhzh prc-vcehjh ig tusdhsnc y nu e`cs eu rdcscs djhg h hm puigti c h mh Hmhni fh phrh sir tistdbcs fi isihecgti edndig tc. Fis fi tin prhgc ig mh nhøhgh si ecmcehjhg ig immh nishs ecg riorisecs,pdehgtis, pis ehfc y fumeis.

Ig mhs ecrrdfhs hphri eîh ecnc crdbdghm ecgtrdju edõg mh hpuisth fim ehpic h ehjh mmc "ghedc-ghm". Isths ecrrdfhs ecnig zhrcg h ioietuhrsi `h edh 820? ecg mh odghmdfhf fi jh khr im pcfi rîc fimcs tcrcs y hsî ohedmdthr mh mhjcr fi mhs euhfrdmmhs utdmdzhgfc mh nhistrîh phrh budhr h mcs ehjh mmcspi ruhgcs ig im hrti fi dg vdthr, htrhir y jurmhr h su igindbc ecg is pcgthgidfhf, hbd mdfhf, fis-tri zh hfndrhjmis ig sus kuibcs fi fi shoîc y isehpi.



Is mh omcr riprisigthfi Mdnh. Ig im fîh fiUhg Kuhg Jhutdsth, mdniøcs si fdrdbîhg phnph fi Hnhgehis(`cy ig im fdstrdtc fiZînhe), fcgfi riecbîhisths omcris. Mcs`cnjris mhs ecmcehjhig sus scmhphs y mhnukiris ig im ehjimm@cy, pcr fisbrhedh, omcr fi hnhgehis siigeuigtrh ig pimdbrcixtdgedõg. Hquî, pcfincs cjsirvhr ughriprisigthedõg fi mhomcr rihmdzhfh pcr cjdspc Jhmthshr Nhrfi Ecnphøõg ig 820<

MH OMCZ F HNHGEHIU


Im ehpih fcr qui ecg qudstõ is th ohnh oui Ehsdndrc Eh khphdec ig tri 8249 y 80:9. \csti rdcr-nig ti h äm si fisthehrcg mcs ncrigcs rdvhmis, Isti jhg Hrrifcg fc y Hpcmdghrdc Ncgti jmhgec,ri trhthfcs pcr \hg e`c Odirrc ecg sus ìr nc scs ehjh mmcs, jmhgec im fim prdni rc, jhyc im fimsi bugfc, im ugc ecg pcge`c, im ctrc ecg ug shec qui phriei fi eui rc, c sih gdgbugc fi immcsecg trh ki fi tc ri rc. Mh äpceh fi Hrri fcg fc hjhr eõ mcs høcs 8055 h 80?<1 y mh fi Ncgti jmhgec,

fi 8052 h 809:. @ujc vh rdcs Ncgti jmhgec qui ouircg ehpih fc ris, thn jdäg ehpih fc ris hehjh mmc; Jigi fdetc, 8249-80:0 oui im pirîcfc fi su he tuhedõg Kisûs fi mcs Uhgtcs, Nhguim fiEh uy y _deig ti. \i rc qudzès im ni kcr ehpih fcr h ehjh mmc oui Ehsdndrc Eh khphdec1 fi äm fd kc imnhr quäs fim _hmmi Ynjrc sc; "Irh nuy kdgi ti y im ni kcr igorigthfcr qui ì hgug edhfc1 sdinpriqui mc viîh h ehjh mmc ni fhjhg bhghs fi mivhgthrmi ugh isthtuh".

IM EHZGH _HM.- Im ehmigfhrdc siøhmhjh, høc h høc, fîhs fi odisth c fi ecg trdedõg sundshnig-ti cji fi edfcs. Im ehrghvhm fhjh mubhr furhgti tris fîhs h qui oui rhg rctcs mcs origcs qui si ph-rhjhg h mhs ehsths y h sus emh sis scedhmis y si nc khjh h mh bigti qui csh jh trhgsdthr pcr mhs ehmmis1brupcs fi kõvigis pi gi trhjhg ig eh shs hndbhs h `heir mc ndsnc ecg mhs nu kiris, prdni rc ecghbuh fi cmcr y mui bc ecg nigcs is ecbdfcs mîqudfcs. Vhnjdäg irh usuhm ie`hr fis fi mcs jhm ec-gis shecs ecg nh ti rdhm rudfc sc c ecg `h rdgh hm qui ph shjh fi jh kc fi immcs. Uiburh y \hrfcpdgthrcg mcs hgdnh fcs y vcedgbmircs euhfrcs fim ehrghvhm ig Mdnh.

IM FÎH FI HNHGEHIU.- Im fîh fi Uhg Kuhg tigîh mubhr im phsic h mh phnph fi Hnhg ehis. Mhnumtdtuf heufîh h pdi, h ehjh mmc c ig eceì. Hmmî si jhdmhjh, kubhjh, ehgthjh, ecnîh y ji jîh1 y thn-jdäg irhg riecbdfhs mhs hnhrdmmhs omcris fi mh isthedõg. Hm hthrfi eir, tcfh mh bigti hmibri qui si`hjîh fdvirtdfc ig mh phnph, hm hdri mdjri c ig ehr phs dnprcvdshfhs, `cn jris y nu kiris, jmhgecs,gi brcs, dgfdcs, zhnjcs, nu mhtcs y e`cmcs, inprig fîhg im ehndgc fi ri bri sc h mh edufhf. Mcs kdgi tisqui, si bûg \hge`c Odirrc pcfîhg thn jdäg sir nu kiris, vcmvîhg ecg sus ehjh mmcs c sus scnjri rcs hsus jhmhgedgis hfcr ghfcs ecg omcris. Ig mh hmhni fh, mh hrdstcerhedh fi Mdnh is pi rhjh ecg sus ni kc-ris bhmhs. Fcs mhrbhs odmhs fi ehmishs hrrhstrhfhs pcr nu mhs si ixtig fîhg h mh firie`h y h mh dzqudirfhjh kc mcs èrjc mis. Fi kugdc h cetujri, bru pcs pi qui øcs djhg fi odisth c fi ph sic h Hnhg ehis c hmhs "mcnhs", c sih h mcs eirrcs ug pcec nès hmi khfcs fi Mdnh qui ri virfi eîhg ig iscs ni sis.

MH GH _DFHF.- Mh Ghvdfhf vi gîh h sir ugh odisth ig pûjmdec y ig mcs `cbhris. Mh \mhzh fiHrnhs sir vîh ecnc mubhr fi edth phrh ugh numtdtuf qui si is thjh ig mhs jhgehs c si hrrinc md-ghjh eir eh fi immhs, jijîh ri orisecs, ecnîh phsti mis1 y ndrhjh jhdmhr h mcs gibrcs c prig fir si mcsehstdmmcs fi ouibcs hrtdodedhmis. Ig im dgti rdcr fi mhs ehshs, mcs "ghedndig tcs", ecg odburhs y ctrcscj kitcs qui ri pri sig thjhg ig pi qui øc h Kisûs y mhs prdni rhs isei ghs fi su vdfh, mmhnh jhgnu e`hs vi eis mh htigedõg fi mcs ixtrhg kircs pcr su dgbi gdc y pcr su ecstc.

DGVIZZY\EDCGIU IG IM VZÈODEC.- Ehfh nh øhgh, hm fhr ug euhrtc phrh mhs guivi, mh ehn-phgh fi mh Ehti frhm scghjh, im trèodec si dgti rrun pîh pcr jri vis nc nig tcs y si hrrcfdmmhjhg mcstrhgsiûg tis. Mc ndsnc ceu rrîh igtri mhs sids y mhs sditi fi mh thrfi, hm iseue`hrsi im tcqui ficrhedõg ecg tris ehnphghs ecrths y suhvis ig mh Ehti frhm, ripi tdfhs pcr tc fhs mhs dbmisdhs. Fiti-gdfh tc fh heedõg, irh ecrtäs fi edr h mh pirscgh nès eir ehgh "Juighs gceìs" c is pi rhr qui mhfi nh ycr ifhf c ri pri sig thedõg prcgugedhrh isths phmhjrhs. H mhs fdiz fi mh gceì ei shjhg mcsrudfcs fi mh edufhf, ix eip tc euhgfc im sirigc fi eh fh jh rrdc fhjh mh crh ecg mhs phmhjrhs; HviNhrîh \urîsdnh ¡_dvh im \irû y sirigc!



5<< \IZÎCFC 8 EH\ÎVYMC 58

Ygh guivh istdrpi fihgfdfcs dgvhfdõ mh ecsth

piruhgh trhs mhdgfipigfigedh. Ui

trhthjh fi mcsncgtcgircs, gibrcs

ednhrrcgis qui rcjhjhgig mcs ehndgcs fi Mdnh hE`crrdmmcs, ig im ehndgc

`hedh Eirrc fi \hsec yig mh ruth `hedh Vrukdmmc.

Im heuhrimdsth \hge`cOdirrc ritrhtõ h istcs

jhgfdfcs ecnc phrti fimhs isthnphs fi mh guivh

scedifhf piruhgh.

MCU NCGVCGIZCU MCU EHOäU, MHU \DEHGVIZÎHU.- Ecnc mubhris fi is phredndig tc is thjhg mcs ehoäs y mhspdehgti rîhs. Igtri mcs prdni rcs im nès ecgeurrdfc vi gîh h sir im fi mh Jcmh fi Crc, heireh fim euhmis erdjdõ ug hrtîeumc, gc dgemudfc hûg ig mdjrc, Nhguim Hseig sdc Uiburh. H mhs pdehgti rîhs, fcgfithn jdäg si vig fîh e`de`h, heufîhg jmhgecs y gibrcs, dgfdcs y zhnjcs, eu rhs y ndmdthris. Mhsvdvhgfi rhs vigfîhg hfi nès pmhtcs y pcstris erdcmmcs. Ygc fi mcs vdvhgfi rcs, "Øc Vcrdjdc", dgncr-

thmdzõ \hge`c Odirrc y ug risthurhgti fi guis trcs fîhs `h mmivhfc isi gcn jri. Hjug fh jhg mhsedbhrrirîhs1 im thjh ec mmibhjh fi Khäg fi Jrh ehnc rcs.

MCU JHMGIHZDCU.- Furhgti mcs nisis fi vi rhgc mh hrdstcerhedh fi Mdnh djh h mh piqui øhpcjmhedõg fi E`c rrdmmcs h euhtrc mibuhs c "h pcehs `crhs fi mh edufhf", fdei ug vdh kirc. Ui ecg-sdfi rhjh ig tri mcs `cnjris cjmdbhtcrdc ig mh vdsdth fi E`c rrdmmcs im shec, phgthmõg y e`hmiecjmhgecs, mh ecrjh th y im pcge`c fim ndsnc ec mcr, hsî ecnc im scn jri rc fi ph kh. Hphrti fi ughspcehs ehshs eõnc fhs, sirvîhg ecnc hmjir bui phrh mcs virhgihg tis, ehjh øhs fi ehøh jmhg-quih fhs dgti rdcrnig ti1 ehghpäs, sdmmcgis y h vieis `hs th ug pdhgc mhs hfcrghjhg. Mcs jhødsthsushjhg ehjh øhs fi kugec ig mh pmhyh1 mcs pisehfc ris scmîhg hyufhrmcs. Hfinès fim jh øc, igE`c rrdmmcs si jhdmhjh, si ecg virshjh y si kubhjh. Oimdpi \hr fc y Hmdh bh pdgtõ ig 8055 ig suecni fdhYgh ùärohgh ig E`crrdmmcs mh prcpig sdõg hm kuibc y h mcs pmhei ris mdvdhgcs ig mh pcjmh-edõg fi is ti jhmgih rdc.

Eõrfc vh y Yrrutdh ecgsdbgh ig su Isthfîstdeh qui mh pcjmhedõg pirnh gig ti fi E`c rrdmmcs irhfi 8.<98; 908 `cn jris y 62< nu kiris dgfîbi ghs, fi fdehfcs h mh piseh y jhøhfc ris, "ugc quictrc tdigi tdigfh fi ec nis tdjmis". Mhs ehmmis hgbcsths gc buhrfh jhg rie tdtuf hmbugh, y irhg hmndsnc tdin pc, pcmvcrcshs1 mh pmhzh irh brhgfi y euhfrhfh.

Im ndsnc hu tcr nig edcgh h Ndrhomcris ecg ugh pcjmhedõg fi si tig th y ug `cn jris y edg-euig th nu kiris fi rh zh dgfîbi gh fi fdehfcs h mh hbrdeumturh1 y fdiz `cnjris y ce`c nu kiris fictrhs rhzhs. Edth h Jhrrhgec scmhnig ti pcr mh ehpdmmh "mhjrh fh pcr im fcetcr _dmmhmth h ugh iodbdiqui ig ecgtrhrcg hmmî".

MCU NCGVCGIZCU.- Ig tc fh mh phrti `h jdthfh fi mh ecsth fim \irû, ispi edhmnig ti ig mcshmri fi fc ris fi Mdnh y Vru kdmmc, ixdstîh ugh igoirni fhf ig fä ndeh ripri sig thfh pcr mcs ncgtc-gi rcs c jhg fc mircs. Irhg ig su nhycrîh isemhvcs ednh rrcgis c oubdtdvcs, gibrcs mdjris, zhn jcsc nu mhtcs y cehsdcghmnig ti jmhgecs. Mcs ehjh mmcs mis pirti gi eîhg, c `hjîhg sdfc rc jh fcs cpris thfcs fi mhs `hedigfhs.

Eireh fi mh ehpdthm isths jhgfhs fi oc rh kdfcs ni rcfih jhg pcr im ehndgc fi Mdnh h E`c rrdmmcs. Vhnjdäg `hjîh pi mdbrcscs ncg tcgi rcs ig mcs ehndgcs fi Hg eõg, Ehøi ti, Ehmmhc y Eirrc fi \hs ec.

@hedigfc trc pi mîhs, dgvhfdircg thn jdäg mh mdti rhturh fi mh äpceh. Hsî \hrfc y Hmdhbh ecgvdir-ti h mcs ncgtcgi rcs ig mcs pirscgh kis dgvdsdjmis fi su ecni fdhYgh ùärohgh ig E`crrdmmcs yZdehrfc \hmnh mis ctcrbh mh huric mh fi mh dgncr thmdfhf ig sus trh fdedcgis Im scnjri rc fim phfri Hjribû yYg gibrc ig im sdmmõg prisdfig edhm. Vhnjdäg mis oui fhfh mh supir vdvigedh brèodeh. \hge`c

Odirrc mcs dgecrpcrõ h mh nueì fun jri hjd bhrrhfh fi mcs tdpcs pcpumhris qui hgdnh rcg susehrdehturhs. Igtri mcs vdh kircs, \. Ehnpjimm Uehrmitt mis fifdeõ `hsth fcs brhjh fcs ig su cjrhUcut` Hnirdeh hgf tì \h edode (Mcgfris, 8050), phrh pirig gdzhr im rieuirfc fi ug ipd scfdc hm quiecgshbrõ thgth htigedõg ecnc sd si trhthrh fi ug brhg hecgti edndig tc; im eõgsum dgbmäs ig im\i rû, mcrf Ifwhrf Emdgtcg, im ecrcgim Rdmscg fi mh ndsnh ghedcghmdfhf y im ecgfi fi Uhr tdbisouircg ig 8059 hthehfcs, rcjh fcs y fis gufhfcs pcr mcs ncgtcgi rcs euhgfc eh jhmbhjhg eir ehfi E`c rrdmmcs y ribri shrcg h isi pui jmc ig ug ndsnc ju rrc y sdg rcphs.

Ig äpc ehs fi hbdthedõg pcmîtdeh brupcs fi jhg fc mircs, kugtc ecg ctrcs ohedgi rcscs, si crbh-gdzhjhg phrh dfigtdodehrsi ecg ugh jhg fi rîh, bigi rhmnig ti mh nès pcpumhr. Igtri sus ehji edmmhs



H p d dpdc im PDP hph i dõ im

i ph c, cjmi h dnq i b h dh h

c dmd h y jimmh h i `h c vii ph ti i mh i i

h dc hm. Mh dnhb vinc hq î, kd i

cj i hjhmmc, 8000 y hph i dõ i

ivd th inh hmIm \i

Dmustrhfc.

VrHfDeD g Ie


si ivc eh ecg ori euig edh h Miõg Isec jhr, hm qui si ri odiri im eõgsum orhgeäs Jct ndmmdhu. Ig imehpîtumc rispie tdvc si rie tdodeõ im irrcr fi Zd ehrfc \hmnh euhg fc hodrnõ qui ig 8059 si sig tõpcr hmbu ghs `c rhs ig im sdmmõg prisdfig edhm (ehpîtumc _, "Mcs Ecgsi kcs fi Bc jdir gc y im gi brcMiõg Isec jhr ig Mdnh"). Fdei Vsù fd qui Miõg (fi ji sir \i frc Miõg nig edcghfc ig ug fi eri-tc fi Ju khgfh im 2 fi nh yc fi 8059), nu rdõ istrhgbu mhfc pcr ug zhn jc h qudig tig tõ mh

ri ecn pig sh coriedfh pcr mhs hutc rdfh fis y qui su eh fè vir mmibõ h sir ix puis tc fu rhgti trisfîhs orig ti h mh Ehti frhm. Fi Kcsä Zhyc, ctrc ncg tc gi rc, ig ehn jdc, euig th qui tir ndgõ ec nc kioi fi mh "phrtdfh ncg thfh fim ehn pc", is fi edr, ecnc pc mdeîh rurhm.

Mh utdmdzhedõg fi mcs ncg tc gi rcs ig mhs bui rrhs edvdmis ecpdhjh mh tèetdeh si budfh pcr immcsfis fi mh bui rrh fi mh Inhg edphedõg. Uirvîhg ec nc vd bîhs, ix pmcrhfc ris, nig sh kircs c ec ncouirzhs fi `cs tdbhndig tc. H vi eis hth ehjhg pcr mh vhgbuhrfdh1 y ig ctrhs ceh sdcgis pcr mh ri th-buhrfdh. \rc vcehjhg is ehrhnu zhs nès qui ecn jh ti c jh thmmhs prcpdhnig ti fd e`hs. Fdsnd-guîhg c ecr thjhg mhs prcvdsdcgis y im hvdtuhmmhndig tc fi mhs trc phs igi ndbhs c fi mh edufhfvi edgh, sd irh ceuphfc pcr isths. Ig hm bu gh cpcr tugdfhf dg ti brhrcg im ikäredtc nds nc jh kc imnhg fc edreugs thgedhm fi hmbûg ki oi ix pi rdnig thfc, ocr nhg fc phr ti fi mh vhg buhrfdh.

Gc pc ehs vi eis, ig isi eh rèetir c ec nc ouir zhs suimths, mcs ncgtc gi rcs ig trhrcg h Mdnh. Imbrdtc fi "¡Edi rrh puir ths!" hecn phøhjh im hgug edc fi su mmibhfh.

sDBgDODeHfC fIM NCg VCgI rC Hg VI MH eDufHf, IM eHN \C T MH VH\H fH.- Udgugdocrni od kc, ecg sus scn jri rcs fi ph kh, sus pcge`cs, sus is pui mhs hfi rdfhs h vi eis h mcspdis fis ehmzcs, sus eh rhjdghs c ncs qui tc gis, sus sh jmis c mhgzhs, sus ehjh mmcs eùsecs, mcsncg tc gi rcs gc sdbgdodehrcg mh riji mdõg fim ehnpc ecg trh mh edufhf. Oui rcg im sîn jc mc fi mhri pir eusdõg qui ti gîhg mhs turju migedhs pcmîtdehs fi mh edufhf ig im ehn pc, hdsmhfc pcr mcsis ehscs ni fdcs fi trhgs pcr tis y mh ohmth fi sir vdedcs pri vig tdvcs c ri pri sdvcs fim Is thfc. Imncg tc gi rc y mh thphfh ocrnhg mh tîpdeh is thn ph fi is th äpc eh; `d kc ncg thrhz i `drsutc im ugcfi mh dgisthjdmdfhf ri pu jmdehgh, ji mmh scjri vdvdigti mh ctrh fim phshfc vdrridghm qui mcs fdsphrcsfi mhs dgsurrie edcgis gc fis truîhg.

IM eHJHMMC fI \HsC.- Brhg pir scgh ki fi mh vdfh pi ruhgh h ec ndig zcs fim sdbmc PDP oui imehjh mmc fi phsc. Uu dgsupi rhfh ru fi zh fi ehs ecs `h eîh nu e`hs vi eis dggi ei shrdc im ìrrh kiphrh äm. Irh thg mihm, thg sibu rc y thg gc jmi qui `hs th ugh erdhturh pc fîh eh jhmbhrmc y fdrdbdrmc.Uu vhmigtîh mc mmivhjh h mhgzhrsi hm nhycr pi mdbrc euhg fc su hnc mc ecg fu eîh h äm. Gc riqui rîhgd im kuibc fi mh rdigfh sdgc hpi ghs ug nc vdndig tc fi edg turh phrh tcnhr ugh fd rie edõg. \crfu rh y mhrbh qui oui si mh kcrghfh, sh jîh sir ouir ti y fhr ec nc fdfhf pmi gh hm kdgi ti.

Euäg thsi qui fcg \i frc fi [h vhmh, nhrquäs fi _h mmi Ynjrc sc mmivõ h Is phøh ug eh jh mmcghedcghm hpirhfc h mh ushgzh erdcmmh y ig äm sujdõ ug fîh mhs hn pmdhs isehmirhs fim \hmhedc Zihmfi Nh frdf. Is erdjdõ im nhrquäs ug mdjrc, Is eui mh fi ehjh mmirîh ecgocrni h mh prèetdeh cj sir vhfhig Mdnh (Nhfrdf, 8058), pcr im euhm puifi fèr si mi im tîtumc fi nhis trc fi mh `î pdeh pi ruhgh. Hmmî

si pui fi miir ug ig tu sdhsth imcbdc fi mh mmhnh fh "suir ti gh edcghm", im "ehpic h eh jh mmc" ig mhsec rrdfhs fi tc rc.



Q Er fdtcs fi mhs dnèbigis Vcnc : ^

Mcs ifdtcris hbrhfieig h mcsprcpdithrdcs fi mcs firie`cs fihutcr pcr su ecmhjcrhedõg ecg isthpujmdehedõg. Hsdndsnc, fiemhrègqui si `h ìe`c tcfc mc pcsdjmiphrh dfigtdodehr y ecgthethr h mcshutcris prcpdithrdcs fi mcsfirie`cs fi mhs dnèbigis qui siriprcfueig ig isti mdjrc1 euhmqudircndsdõg is dgvcmugthrdh. Vcfhdgocrnhedõg qui pirndth h mcsifdtcris rietdodehr euhmqudir eräfdtcphrh outurhs ifdedcgis sirèjdigvigdfh.

EhrètumhEcmieedõg Hnimdh Ridss

Hre`dvc K. K. Omcris, Ieuhfcr:54 Kuhg Kcsä Omcris

Hre`dvc \idsh:9 Nhtîhs Miõg96 \ifrc Hgtcgdc Mh Vcrri94 Hgfräs Nhrtîgiz8?9 Orhgedsec fi \humh Ctirc:89 Nhguim Jumgis::? Orhgedsec Fdiz EhgsiecEcrjhe`c:64 @hedigfh Uhg Kcsä fi E`dge`h:?9 Kcsä Vcrdjdc \heìec

Jdjmdctieh Ghedcghm fi Orhgedh?2 Ohe`hfh y eûpumh, Dbmisdh Uhg

Ehrmcs / Mdnh, \mhzh fi Hrnhs885 Hriqudph8:9 Vhegh844 @uhgehyc, Dbmisdh fi mcs Dgfdcs:90 Mhbugh fi Thghece`h y

ecrfdmmirh fi mcs Hgfis:02 Q8^ Mdnh, Hnhgehis:45 Q8^ Mdnh, ecrrdfh fi tcrcs

Jdjmdctieh Ghedcghm fim \irû80 Buhyhqudm:8 Vcnès Edprdhgc fi Ncsquirh52 \uirtc Ecjdkh, Jcmdvdh?4 Zîc Zînhe22 Itdiggi B. fi Uhrtdbis02 Ucedifhf fi Jigiodedigedh fi

Mdnh8<9 FdhrdcIm Ecec fi Uhgth Eruz 8:< Q:^ \uirtc fi Dsmhy8:4 FdhrdcIm Dgtärpriti85< Hgfräs Jimmc Mõpiz85: Nhguim Dbghedc fi _dvhgec

899 Mh _drbig fi E`dqudgqudrè80< Oimdpi \hrfc y Hmdhbh808 Eùqudsheh802 Jirghrfc C' @dbbdgs:<< Nhguim Dbghedc fi _dvhgec:<5 Orhgedsec fi \humh Bcgzhmäz

_dbdm:65 Kuhg Bhreîh fim Zîc:9? Ghuth:0: Enfti. fi ndmdedh:06 Mh e`cmh rhjcgh:04 Mh e`cmh fi mh sdirrh:4: Im Uiøcr fi mcs Ndmhbrcs:44 Mh Omcr fi Hnhgehis

Eigtrc fi Istufdcs @dstõrdecNdmdthris fim \irû62 Kcsä Zdvhfigiyrh y Vikhfh28 Fcndgbc Gditc44 Kuhg Ègbim Jukhgfh842 Orhgedsec fi _dfhm:0? Zhnõg @irrirh

Ecmieedõg Ehrmcs [hphthJusthnhgti829 Nifhmmh ecgnincrhtdvh

Ecgbrisc fi mh Zipûjmdeh fim \irû64 Nhguim fi Vimmirîh95 Jhrtcmcnä @irrirh99 Zhnõg Ehstdmmh9? Hgfräs Ziyis05 Ecgstdtuedõg \cmîtdeh fim \irû,8056884 Ivhrdstc Bõniz Uhge`äz846 Nhguim Oirriyrcs:<8 Ecgstdtuedõg \cmîtdeh fim \irû,8054:60 \ifrc Hmikhgfrdgc fim Ucmhr:28 Kuhg Jhutdsth Ghvhrriti:48 Vcnès Fdäbuiz

Ecrjds

:?2 Fiemhrhedõg fi mh Ecgstdtuedõgfi Eèfdz:62 Oimdpi DD

Injhkhfh fi Ieuhfcr:9 Iseufc fi Ieuhfcr

Im Ecniredc8?<, :50 FdhrdcIm Ecniredc

Bitty Dnhbis8:8 \hph Bribcrdc P_D8?8 @igry Kc`g Vinpmi

\hmnirstcgi

Bdsjirt y Eîh. U.H.804 Kcsä Jhmmdvdèg

Dgstdtutc fi Istufdcs @dstõrdec-Nhrîtdncs fim \irû85< Jirbhgtîg Bigirhm Bhnhrrh

Dgstdtutc Zdvh-Hýbirc - \YE\2< Nhguim Hseigedc Uiburh8:< Q8^ \hnph fi Dsmhy:59 Dbmisdh Uhg Mèzhrc:25 \igdtigedhrîh fi Mdnh5<8 Ehjhmmc fi phsc

Nusic fi Hrti Zimdbdcsc fi mhJhsîmdeh Ehtifrhm fi Mdnh:8? Orhgedsec fi Uhmis Hrrdith

Ndgdstirdc fi Zimhedcgis Ixtirdcrisfim \irû50 Vrhthfc fi \hz y Hndsthf igtri\irû y Jcmdvdh, 8058

Ndgdstirdc fi Zimhedcgis Ixtirdcrisfi _igizuimh

84 \ifrc Buhm

Nusic Ghedcghm fi Hrquicmcbîh, Hgtrcpcmcbîh i @dstcrdh fim \irû86 Kcsä fi Mhrrih y Mcrifc55 Udnõg Jcmdvhr / Hmibcrîh fi mhnuirti fi Udnõg Jcmîvhr?9 \ifrc Jirnûfiz09 Orhgedsec Khvdir Nhrdètibud8<8 Hgfräs fi Uhgth Eruz8<5 Jhgfirh fi oäritrc, mmhvi fiprdsdõg, e`hrritirhs y isphfîgGunhgedh fi O.U. Uhmhvirry859 Fdibc \crthmis854 Nhguim Jmhgec Igehmhfh822 \crthfh fi mhs Nhrhvdmmhs

824 Uiøcr fi mcs Vinjmcris:<9 Ndbuim fi Uhg Zcnèg:85 Hgfräs fi Uhgth Eruz y ohndmdh:86 Kcsä Uijhstdèg fi Bcyigieì::5 Jhthmmh fi Dgbhvd:5? Nhguim Nigägfiz:62 Kcsä JrhumdcEhnpchrrigfcgfc:45 Q5^ _cmhgti ecrrdfh fi tcrcs

Nusic fim Ik redtc fim \irû,Ocrthmizh fim Zihm Oimdpi29 Orhgedseh [ujdhbh fi Bhnhrrh

45 Oimdpi Uhgtdhbc Uhmhvirry895 Nifhmmh jhthmmh fi Tugbhy:<4 Hbustîg Bhnhrrh::9 Ehsheh fi H. Bhnhrrh

\hge`c Odirrc04 Uuirtircs42 Mctirîh \mhzh fi Hrnhs8<4 Miõg Isecjhr:?8 Vhphfhs:?4 Ucmfhfc ecg rhjcgh:08 Ehrghvhmis ig Mdnh:02 Q:^ Nukir h ehjhmmc / Q5^Jhmhgeîg Hnhgehis:45 Q:^ Ehpihfcrh h ehjhmmc:46 Eimhfcr nugdedphm:49 Uhyh y nhgtc:40 Jhgfirdmmirc5<< Ncgtcgirc

Dgocbrhoîhs8:5 \risdfigti sdnumtègicsEigtrc fi Istufdcs @dstõrdecNdmdthris / Nusic fim Ikäredtc fim\irû - Ocrthmizh fim Zihm Oimdpi /Nusic Ghedcghm fi Hrquicmcbîh,Hgtrcpcmcbîh i @dstcrdh fim \irû

86<, 868 Mh Ecgoifirhedõg \irû-jcmdvdhghJdjmdctieh fim Ecgbrisc fi mcsIsthfcs Ygdfcs, Nhphs / Nusic fimIkäredtc fim \irû - Ocrthmizh fimZihm Oimdpi / Nusic Ghedcghm fiHrquicmcbîh, Hgtrcpcmcbîh i@dstcrdh fim \irû

:82 \irscghkis fi mcs hmthrisIm Ecniredc

Historia de La República Del Perú tomo II

Documents

Transcript of Historia de La República Del Perú tomo II