Histology II: Glands and membranes 35/pdf lecture/a35histII (2) 2010.pdfHistology II: Glands and...
Transcript of Histology II: Glands and membranes 35/pdf lecture/a35histII (2) 2010.pdfHistology II: Glands and...
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Histology II:Glands and membranes
Histology II:Histology II:Glands and membranesGlands and membranes
Dr. Carmen E. RexachAnatomy 35
Mt San Antonio College
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Gland• Cell or organ that secretes substance• Tissue
– Epithelial– Supportive CT
• Endocrine vs. exocrine– Endocrine
• Secrete hormones• No contact with surface• No ducts• Invaded by capillaries• Secrete products into blood
– Exocrine• Ducted to surface or into a lumen
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Exocrine glands• Unicellular
– Ex) goblet cells• Multicellular
– Secretory portion– Ductal portion– Larger glands usually lined by stratified
epithelium
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Unicellular Exocrine Glands
Goblet cells
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Multicellular Exocrine Glands• Acinar
– pyramid shaped cells– form rings called acini
• Tubular– cuboidal cells
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Classification by duct structure
• Simple– Unbranched duct– Straight or coiled– Tubular gland = if secretory portion is tube
shaped• Compound
– Duct displays repeated branching pattern
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Branching patterns
• Simple
• Branched
• Compound branching
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Classification by mechanism of secretion
• Merocrine• Apocrine• Holocrine
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Merocrine• Majority of glands in body• Secretion by exocytosis
without any loss of cellular components
• Examples– Salivary glands– Pancreatic acini
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Apocrine• Secretion includes
partial cell loss• Products are milky• Most glands originally
classified as apocrinehave been reclassified as merocrine
• Cellular products support bacterial growth so that these secretions are often associated with an odor
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Holocrine• Entire cell is secretory
product• Oily, waxy product• Sebaceous and
ceruminous glands• Secretions = sebum
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Epithelial Membranes• Line body “tracts” and surrounding
organs– protective membranes composed of CT
covered with epithelium.– (1) Mucous membranes– (2) Serous membranes
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(1) Mucous membranes (mucosae)• Line passageways opening to exterior
– digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive tracts
• Goblet cells secrete mucus • Functions:
– Absorption– Secretion– Protection
• Two to three layers– Epithelium (columnar or squamous)– Lamina propria
• Areolar CT– Muscularis mucosae
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(2) Serous membranes• Serosa secrete serous fluid derived
from serum• covering and lining epithelium
– simple squamous epithelium on thin layer of areolar CT
– Two parts• Visceral
– Covers organs• Parietal
– Loose fitting fibrous CT lines body walls
– Ex) pericardium, peritoneum, pleura
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Pericardium
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Parts of the peritoneum
• Mesenteries– where parietal portions of the peritoneum
come together (attach) the organ to the posterior body wall
• omenta (omentum s.)– folds of the peritoneum that extend from
the stomach
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mesentery
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greater omentum
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Lesser omentum
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Serous membranes associated with the liver
• falciform ligament– a serous membrane suspending the liver
from the diaphragm• ligamentum teres hepatis
– extends from the falciform ligament to umbilicus
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Additional epithelial membranes
• Endothelium– Simple squamous epithelium lining blood
vessels– Tunica interna of blood vessels and
endocardium of the heart• Mesothelium
– Simple squamous epithelium lining pleura, peritoneal cavity and pericardial cavity