PortugalIN THE WORLD WAR II

- BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER-

Image I.I – Lisbon, Portugal- “Lisbon has the smell of flowers and sea” –Amalia Rodrigues ( Iconic fado singer)

Index

Prelude

• I.I – The End of Portuguese Monarchy

• I.II – The End of Portuguese Monarchy

• I.III – The Coupe D'état

• I.IV – The “Estado Novo” Regime

WWII ERA

• II.I - Neutrality

• II.II – Relations with Allies (England)

• II.II – Relations with Allies (Unites States)

• II.III – Relations with Germany

• II.IV – Führer Directive No.18

• II.VI – Estoril Espionage

• II.VII – Lajes Air Field

POST WAR ERA

• III.I – Portuguese Colonial War

• III.II – Carnation Revolution

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PreludeI.I – The End of Portuguese Monarchy

In the decade of 1890’s, withthe Berlin Conference,Portugal lost somesignificant amount of landin its African Colonies.

The Portuguese People feltthat their interests whereno longer being defendedby the king and in 1908 theKing Carlos I is killed in aregicide in Lisbon.

Image II.I-The Regicideof 1908

Image III.I- The “Pink Map”-Portuguese colonial Project for the Berlin Conference; it connected Angola to Mozambique, two former Portuguese Colonies

ANGOLA MOZAMBIQUE

PreludeI.II – The End of Portuguese Monarchy

In 1910, in the 5th of October, Portugal was proclaimed as a republic. The first Republic was portrayed as a time of political and social turbulence.

Image IV.I – Portuguese Monarchy Flag

Image IV.II – Portuguese Republic Flag (current flag)

Image V.I– Proclamation of the Republic Illustration

Image VI.I – Strike in the First Republic Period – strikes where very common due to the poor quality of life of the population

PreludeI.III – The Coupe D'état

In the 28th of May of 1926, a military coupe d’état set an end to the first Republic and

started a Military-Fascist Dictatorship, named Estado Novo (New State).

Image VII.I – Coupe d’état photograph.

PreludeI.IV – The “Estado Novo” Regime

The Estado Novo was na authoriatarian regimethat governed Portugal under a dictatorshipfrom 1926 to 1974 (48 years);

It main character was António de OliveiraSalazar, he was the dictator, although he wasnever president.

Image VIII.I- Portatrait of Salazar

Image IX.I - A Lição de Salazar 1938 – The lesson of Salazar – Estado Novo iconic propaganda with the motto: “Deus, Pátria, Família”( God, Fatherland, Family)

WWII ERAII.I - Neutrality

During the Second World War (1939-45) Portugal remained neutral.

Image X.I – world war 2 battle photograph

WWII ERAII.II – Relations with Allies

England

Since 1386, with the Treaty of Windsor, Portugal and England maintain an alliance, and it is the oldest alliance in the world that is still in force.

Image XI.I - Marriage of John I, King of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster.(Wikipedia)

WWII ERAII.II – Relations with Allies

Unites States of America

Portugal was the first nation to set and maintain diplomatic relationship with the United States. Both countries have maintained their relations since 1791.

Image XII.I – U.S.A. and Portugal flag pin.

WWII ERAII.III – Relations with Germany

Portugal and Germany

Portugal and Germany, had partially the same political ideology, although Portugal wasn’t racist or anti-Semitic.

Image XIII.I – Hitler’s Youth

Image XIII.II – MocidadePortuguesa ( Portuguese Youth)

One of thesimilaritiesbetweenPortuguese andGermandictatorshipregimes werethe paramilitaryorganization forchildren.

WWII ERAII.IV – Führer Directive No.18

On November 12, 1940, Hitler delivered FührerDirective No.18 which was a plan to invadePortugal if Britain gain a footing.

WWII ERAII.V – Estoril Espionage

During the WWII Estoril became a center ofespionage and an exile for kings like Infante Juan,Count of Barcelona, father of Juan Carlos I of Spain.

Estoril also became a famous tourist destination,and it was the set for the first movie of James Bond.

Image XIV.I – The Estoril Palace Hotel waswhere Ian Faming (British Spy) had the ideato write James Bond.

WWII ERAII.VI – Lajes Air Field

In WWII the Portuguese Air Field of Lajes, in theAzores Archipelago was used by the USAF UUnited States Air Force and by the RAF (Royal AirForce) and was a crucial and strategic air base.

Image XV.I - USAF airplane in Lajes

POST WAR ERAIII.I – Portuguese Colonial War

In 1960’s, with the end of WWII many African colonies became independence so Portuguese colonies wanted to become independent as well, but the Portuguese government wouldn't allowed, so in 1961 started the colonial war, that would only end in 1974 with the carnation revolution.

Image XVI.I – Portuguese military forces in African colonies.

POST WAR ERAIII.II – Carnation Revolution

Portugal was still a dictatorship, now under the govern of MarceloCaetano (Salazar had died in 1970). Marcelo Caetano had a lightercontrol and censorship policy and he wanted to reform the EstadoNovo (similar to Gorbachev with the Glanost and Perestroika program),although the colonial war was still an issue that unpleased both thePortuguese people and military.

Image XVII.I – Military and civilians photograph in the Carnation Revolution

POST WAR ERAIII.II – Carnation Revolution

In the 25th of April of 1974 the military planned a peaceful revolution the would end with a 48 years dictatorship.

Image XVIII.I – Photo of the Carnation Revolution

BIBLIOGRAPHYIMAGES

• I.I - http://purl.pt/93/1/iconografia/imagens/a7620/a7620_3.jpg

• II.I – http://www.laicidade.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/regicidio-01-a.jpg

• III.I – http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mapa_Cor-de-Rosa.svg/2000px-Mapa_Cor-de-Rosa.svg.png

• IV.I - http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_bandeira_de_Portugal#mediaviewer/File:Flag_Portugal_(1830).svg

• IV.II – http://www.presidencia.pt/archive/img/bandeira_g.png

• V.I – http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Estremoz13.jpg

• VI.I – http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_EEwpx_2wmJ0/TK8Rl3Lk-0I/AAAAAAAAH4s/U3j-yK7K4Pc/s1600/greve.png

• VII.I – http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Desfile_de_tropas_28_de_Maio_1926.jpg

• VIII.I – http://osnovediasdesousamendes.com/images/videos/participantes_antonio-de-oliveira-salazar.jpg

• IX.I – http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FkIfAvw1ZQw/UePSuP50cbI/AAAAAAABACw/Qc8tNesX8-k/s640/1938-A-Lio-de-Salazar.2.jpg

• X.I – http://g-ec2.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/books/rando-ems/EyewitnessWWII-01._V389839556_.jpg

• XI.I – http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Casamento_Jo%C3%A3o_I_e_Filipa_Lencastre.JPG

• XII.I – http://www.gettysburgflag.com/images/PortugalDPin.jpg

• XIII.I – http://www.worldwar2stories-sheffield.com/resources/hilter_youth_mind_contol.jpg

• XIII.II – http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Uuyz9gWrEZ8/TBAbQEZmdjI/AAAAAAAAAw4/8RTXZO5YhQI/s1600/mocidade-portuguesa1.jpg

• XIV.I – http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ub22KUSsw24/Tyl-Zgo0hfI/AAAAAAAAJZs/AvArIJwS2TA/s1600/Estoril-Palcio-Hotel.12.jpg

• XV.I – http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/PB4Y-1_US-British_markings_Lajes.jpg

• XVI.I – http://0.static.wix.com/media/6530da_123ea317ca721909d2f2cc5d665dae69.jpg_1024

• XVII.I – http://www.canalibase.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-dos-Cravos1.jpg

• XVIII.I – http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3205/2440278150_e49f52ed92_b.jpg

TEXT

• "Portugal - Countries - Office of the Historian." <i>Portugal - Countries - Office of the Historian</i>. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. &lt;http://history.state.gov/countries/portugal&gt;.

• "Carnation Revolution." <i>Wikipedia</i>. Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Nov. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. &lt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnation_Revolution&gt;.

• "Estado Novo (Portugal)." <i>Wikipedia</i>. Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Nov. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. &lt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)&gt;.

• "Portugal in World War II." <i>Wikipedia</i>. Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Nov. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. &lt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_in_World_War_II&gt;.

• "Estoril." <i>Wikipedia</i>. Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Nov. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. &lt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoril&gt;.