Human Growth and

DevelopmentService Learning Project

Sarah Burkhardt, Samantha Jensen, Kelsey Poos-Benson, Johanna Schanbacher, Elizabeth

Swift, Lucas Van der Lan

Introduction

Purpose Goal Motor/Cognitive Abilities Systems Changes Research Modifications Our Experience

Service Project Purpose

Parklane Elementary 3rd -5th grade Diversified Learning

Center (DLC) Needs assessment:

Promote interaction between students

Structure for indoor recess Integrate Physical Activity and get all

children involved during recess Provide a wellness/prevention program

Our goal

Implement activities that work on gross motor milestones for children of this age (8-10 years old)

Challenge: Students in the DLC classrooms have varying cognitive abilities (3-7 years old)

Challenge: Some students have disabilities that may make it harder for the to participate (blindness)

Goal: Try to implement activities that can be modified for these cognitive levels and disabilities

Proposed Activities

Group stretching led by a teacher Keep the ball up in the air Adaptation of Simon Says

Materials Needed

Beach Ball or Balloon Jingle Bell Soft Whistle or Bell

Motor Milestones for 8-10 y/o

Age Mature Motor Milestone8-10 Running, Throwing, Catching, Kicking, Jumping, Striking,

Hopping, Skipping

Cognitive Abilities for 8-10 y/o

Age Cognitive Level- Concrete Operational

8-10 Solves problems with real objects, classification, conservation

Gross Motor for 3-7 y/oAge

Immature Moderate Mature

3 Throwing, Kicking, Running, Jumping, Catching, Striking, Hopping, One foot standing balance (momentary-3 sec)

Climbing, Pedaling a tricycle, Walking on stairs (one foot on each step)

4 Jumping, Hopping Throwing, Kicking, Running, Catching, Striking, One foot standing balance (4-6 sec)

5 Skipping Kicking, Jumping, Catching, Striking, Hopping, One foot standing balance (8-10 sec)

Throwing, Running

6 Skipping Jumping, Striking, Hopping

Throwing, Kicking, Running, Catching, One foot standing balance (10+sec eyes open or closed)

7 Jumping Throwing, Kicking, Running, Catching, Striking, Hopping, Skipping, One foot standing balance (10+sec eyes open or closed)

Cognitive abilities for 3-7 y/o

Age

Language Level

Cognitive Level

3 Can say phrases and short sentences

Can inhibit instinctive behaviors, increase in information processing, can begin to switch response sets, knows chief parts of body, cooperative and imaginative play, takes turns, can be rigid with routines, follow instructions with 2 or 3 steps, understands ‘in’, ‘on’ and ‘under’, can name a friend, copies adults and friends

4 Increase in information processing, can switch response sets, simple planning abilities, generate new concepts, understands over and under, engages in make believe, readily follows simple commands, prefers to play with peers, cooperates with other children

5 Increase in information processing, can follow up to 3 commands given without interruption, Independent, wants to please and be like friends, rule-followers

6 Five-to- six word sentences

Impulse control

7 Develop organizational skills, can handle more complicated tasks

System Changes

Why are these changes important for us to consider when developing this program?

Skeletal (p.119-123)

Rapid bone growth Physical activity increases bone

mineral content, density, and bone mass High impact activities (jumping)

stimulate bone growth Risk of epiphyseal injury during

growth spurt (and other risks p. 123)

Muscle (p.136-144)

Muscle maturation occurs in childhood by age 10.

Increase muscle mass in males Increase strength with age Resistance training recommended to

increase strength.

Cardiovascular (p.162-167)

Decrease in resting HR, increase in BP. HTN risk for children with obesity Increase blood volume Rib cage becomes more rigid Active use of abdominal muscles

stabilizes rib cage. Thoracic cavity expands. Lung volume and number of alveoli

increase.

Nervous (p.192-199 & table 9-7)

Skills (jumping, throwing, catching, balancing) are developed from age 3-6 and refined from 6-10 due to increase in myelination

Increased information processing and decreased reaction time with age

Metacognition and metamemory ability by age 9-10

Can solve increasingly complex problems after age 6

Increased cognitive flexibility

Sensory(p.223-225)

Identify objects by touch by age 5 Praxis emerges Increased kinesthetic ability with age

(ages 5-12) Maturation of vestibular nystagmus

age 10-14 Refinement of size constancy and

tracking (vision) Laterality and directionality

Research Reasoning

Cech DJ, Martin SC. Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span. Saunders; 2011.

Kotte EM, De groot JF, Winkler AM, Huijgen BC, Takken T. Effects of the Fitkids exercise therapy program on health-related fitness, walking capacity, and health-related quality of life. Phys Ther. 2014;94(9):1306-18. Strengths:

Chin JJ, Ludwig D. Increasing children's physical activity during school recess periods. Am J Public Health. 2014;104 Suppl 2:S200-13. Strengths:

Research Reasoning

Erwin H, Koufoudakis R, Beighle A. Children's physical activity levels during indoor recess dance videos. J Sch Health. 2013;83(5):322-7. Strengths:

Verstraete SJ, Cardon GM, De clercq DL, De bourdeaudhuij IM. Increasing children's physical activity levels during recess periods in elementary schools: the effects of providing game equipment. Eur J Public Health. 2006;16(4):415-9. Strengths:

Santonja medina FM, Sainz de baranda andújar P, Rodríguez garcía PL, López miñarro PA, Canteras jordana M. Effects of frequency of static stretching on straight-leg raise in elementary school children. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2007;47(3):304-8. Strengths:

Modifications

Using a story to teach the stretching Putting a jingle bell in the ball or a

balloon to add an auditory portion to the ball activity to incorporate blind students

Do not incorporate games that have a winner or an elimination system

Adaptation of Simon Says by storytelling and having students complete tasks such as jumping, crawling, etcetera by associating it with the story

Can be moved indoors if needed

Our Experience

Pending….