Height And Light
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Transcript of Height And Light
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HEIGHT AND LIGHT
The Great Cathedrals of the Middle Ages
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The Romanesque Era
The Lead-Up to the Gothic Age
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Aerial view of the Abbey of ConquesBuilt 1050-1100
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. . . . to see relics like this one
Pilgrimstraveledto churches
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Reliquary of Sainte Foy
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Nave of the church of Sainte Foy
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The Last Judgment was a typical subject matter for portals in the Romanesque era
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The Age of the Great Cathedrals
Chartres Cathedral
Thirteenth Century
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Chartres Cathedral
Cathedrals towered overcities of the Middle Ages
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The plan of Romanesque and Gothic churches often resemblesthat of a cross. The basic parts are nave, transept and apse.
Chartres’ Plan, Its Basic Layout:
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The Flying Buttress: A Great Innovation ofThe Gothic Cathedral
The flying buttress allowed the stone walls of a cathedral to be eliminatedand replaced by stained glass windows that let in “lux nova,” what Abbot Suger called “new light.”
Flying buttresses absorb the pressure of the weight of a cathedral’s masonry
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Chartres’ nave: a worshiper wouldfeel insignificant in this buildingthat reminded him that God has ultimate power (and the way to reach God,of course, was through the church)
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Chartres’ nave arcade, triforiumand clerestory windows
1) Paris2) Chartres3) Reims4) Amiens
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Churches were illuminated by beautiful stainedglass windows
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One of the most famous stained glass windows from Chartres:
Notre-Dame de la Belle-Verrière
The Church was dedicated to Mary. It is said to even have a relic thatbelonged to her: part of her mantle
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• The rose window was a typical feature of cathedral facades and interiors
• This is the north rose window from Chartres, made c. 1235
• It features the Virgin Mary in a roundel in the center, surrounded by four doves that symbolize the Holy Ghost and angels with censers and candlesticks.
• Beyond is a circle of diamond-shaped panels showing seated, crowned figures – the kings of Judea in chronological order.
• The outermost circle shows standing figures of prophets wearing “Jews’ caps” and holding scrolls.
• In small quatrefoils are fleur-de-lis, which represent the French monarchy. Thus the window links the royal family of Christ with French royalty
• Gold castles on a red background also link the French monarchy with the Virgin Mother
• The link between the French monarchy and Mary is also present because King Louis VII and Queen Blanche of Castile donated the rose window to the church
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The jamb figures below were created a generation after the ones on the left.
How have the sculptures changed over the course of the Gothic period?
Jamb figures looked like they were part ofa column
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The two towers of the west front ofChartres are of different periods.
Can you tell which one is earlier and which one is later?
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The Canterbury Cathedral, exterior choir and ambulatory, interior nave and choir, andtomb
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WHAT EFFECT DID ALL THIS CATHEDRAL BUILDING HAVE
ON THE JEWS?
NOT SUCH A ROSY PICTURE:
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The Strasbourg Cathedral, Strasbourg, France
Built 1190-1439
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Left: Ecclesia PortalRight: Synagoga Portal
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Again, but in glass: Ecclesia and Synagoga Stained glass in the Elizabeth Church, Marburg, Germany
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LEFT: Anti-Semitism - Pope Gregory orders the Talmud to be burned A.D. 1239 after a disputation. Panel - Pedro Berruguete, 15th century.
Note the non-heretical book floating above the fire
RIGHT: In this 14th Century Catalan wall-painting a Jew is shown wearing the customaryyellow circle which all Jews were forced by law to wear sewn on their outdoor clothing.