Heart, Lungs, and Organs related to Diabetes

Faculty: Penprapa S. Klinkhachorn

Teachers: Elizabeth Stanton

Trina Elliott

Med Student Volunteers• Brianna Bender • Joseph Blatt• Meredith Cavalier• Christopher Deskins• William Guiler, III• Brent Hardmen• Alan Klinkhachorn• Kyle Macaluso• Kyle Ritchie• Patricia Shaw• Lukas Shutler• Krista Stoops• Ryan Wakim

Heart and Lungs

• Matt: Normal anatomy of heart and lung• Makelle: Heartbeat• Andrew: Atherosclerosis (CAD)• Caitlin: Black lung• Kelsey: Asbestos/ lung• Omar: Asthma• Ashley: Emphysema• Airel: Osteoporosis

Diabetes and Related Organs

• Chelsea: The Pancreas• James: What Does Insulin Do?• Kyle: Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes• LaKiah: Effect of Diabetes on Heart• Charard: Effect of Diabetes on Kidneys• Lindzy: Effect of Diabetes on Eyes• Adam: Effect of Diabetes on Nerves• Mike: Effect of Diabetes on Wound Healing• Jordan: How Do You Prevent Diabetes?• Nick: The Diet of Diabetes• Wendy: How Does Diabetes Affect Your Daily Life?• Alisha: A New and Improved Diabetic Treatment

By Chelsea

Insulin and the Pancreas

Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas.

Hormones are chemical

messengers that circulate in the blood

sending messages to other parts of the

body.

Beta Cell

Pancreas

The pancreas has two main functions

Digestion of food

• Digestive Enzymes

Production of Hormones•Islets of Langerhans •Insulin •Glucagon

In type 1 diabetes the cells that make insulin (the beta cells) are damaged.

Many treatments have been tried to stop the damage to beta cells but at present there is no safe or effective

way to do this.

When insulin treatment is started the

pancreas is able to rest and recover

but not enough to produce all the insulin

the body needs.

What Does What Does Insulin Do?Insulin Do?

By IsaiahBy Isaiah

Insulin Insulin

After you eat, the food is broken After you eat, the food is broken down into glucose.down into glucose.

The glucose is converted into The glucose is converted into energy. energy.

The energy helps your body do The energy helps your body do everyday functions. everyday functions.

Energy Energy

InsulinInsulin

Insulin is the main part of Insulin is the main part of controlling your metabolism.controlling your metabolism.

It has an effect on both It has an effect on both carbohydrates and lipid metabolism. carbohydrates and lipid metabolism.

It also has an effect on the protein It also has an effect on the protein and mineral metabolism. and mineral metabolism.

Metabolism Metabolism

Without Insulin Without Insulin

Being obese or overweight affects Being obese or overweight affects the way insulin worksthe way insulin works

Extra fat tissue can make your body Extra fat tissue can make your body resistant to the action of insulin.resistant to the action of insulin.

Exercise will help the insulin work. Exercise will help the insulin work.

ExerciseExercise

The PancreasThe Pancreas

The pancreas is the organ that The pancreas is the organ that produces insulin. produces insulin.

When the pancreas doesn’t When the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or if the make enough insulin or if the body can’t use the insulin the body can’t use the insulin the cells aren't able to use the cells aren't able to use the glucose.glucose.

The Pancreas The Pancreas

Summary Summary

In conclusion insulin is a hormone that In conclusion insulin is a hormone that is found in even single-celled organism.is found in even single-celled organism.

It is a protein and is the main part of It is a protein and is the main part of controlling our metabolism.controlling our metabolism.

Without insulin you are at a greater risk Without insulin you are at a greater risk of developing diabetes or heart disease.of developing diabetes or heart disease.

Signs and SymptomsSigns and Symptomsof Diabetesof Diabetes

By Kyle FreshwaterBy Kyle Freshwater

Symptoms for Type 1 Diabetes.Symptoms for Type 1 Diabetes.

Increased thirstIncreased thirstConstant urinationConstant urinationExtreme HungerExtreme HungerBlurred visionBlurred visionFatigueFatigue

( Type 1 diabetes is juvenile onset.)( Type 1 diabetes is juvenile onset.)

Symptoms for Type 2 DiabetesSymptoms for Type 2 Diabetes Increased urination and thirstIncreased urination and thirst Flu-like SymptomsFlu-like Symptoms Extreme weight fluctuationsExtreme weight fluctuations Blurred VisionBlurred Vision Slow healing soresSlow healing sores Nerve damageNerve damage Gums turn red and sore Gums turn red and sore (Type 2 diabetes symptoms are commonly (Type 2 diabetes symptoms are commonly

overlooked which is why it’s named the silent overlooked which is why it’s named the silent killer.)killer.)

Pre-diabetes symptomsPre-diabetes symptoms

Blurred visionBlurred vision Weight lossWeight loss Gum infectionsGum infections Skin infectionsSkin infections Bladder or vaginal infectionsBladder or vaginal infections Slow healing woundsSlow healing wounds

(This type of diabetes is a pre-condition before (This type of diabetes is a pre-condition before getting Type 2 diabetes, it’s also a precursor getting Type 2 diabetes, it’s also a precursor telling you to start exercising and eating right.)telling you to start exercising and eating right.)

Symptoms for Gestational DiabetesSymptoms for Gestational Diabetes

Extreme thirstExtreme thirstExtreme urinationExtreme urination

(This is more often just a change in the body (This is more often just a change in the body for women who are pregnant, but in some for women who are pregnant, but in some cases will develop into pre-diabetes or cases will develop into pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes.)type 2 diabetes.)

Thanks too………Thanks too………

www.diabetes.comwww.diabetes.comwww.google.comwww.google.com

HOW DOES DIABETES AFFECT YOUR HEART ?

BY Lakiah

Having diabetes can put you at an extremely high risk of heart disease. High blood glucose levels damage the nerves and the vessels over time. This causes heart disease and strokes.

By keeping the blood glucose to healthy target numbers, you can lower the risk.

• Eating healthy foods ( Oatmeal, whole-grain bread, fruit, eggs,vegetables,beans)

• Staying active

• Taking medication if needed

Are all ways of keeping a healthy target numbers.

Facts about death due to heart disease

• Every 26 seconds, someone has a coronary event

• Nearly 1,600 Americans die of cardiovascular disease (CVD) every day

• 50% of men and 64% of women who die suddenly of CVD had no previous symptoms of the disease.

• More than 65% of deaths in diabetes patients are attributed to heart and vascular disease.

When there is a constant elevation of the blood glucose level,it leads to the blood vessels being damaged. People who have diabetes have problems that are grouped under microvascular disease,when the small blood vessels are damaged,and macrovascular disease, when the arteries are damaged.

Diabetes can change the chemical makeup of some of the substances found in the blood vessels to narrow or

clog up completely.

Diabetes: How it affects the Renal System?by Charaud

• The kidneys filter the blood to form urine

• Helps the body retain things it needs

• Pancreas makes insulin that helps your body uptake glucose

• Diabetes is a disease of the pancreas where you don’t have enough insulin

• Cells of the body can’t take up glucose properly because of the lack of insulin

• Kidneys work extra hard to hold all the glucose in the body

• Water is also carried along with the glucose that is lost through urination

• Dehydration leads to you drinking more water

• Process starts all over again

The End

How Diabetes affect the eyes

By: Lindzy Calfee

Diabetic Retinopathy

• Diabetic Retinopathy is the deposition on the retina of the eye.

• Each year, 12,000 to 24,000 people lose their vision because of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy

• In the early stage of Diabetic Retinopathy there may not be any symptoms to warn you of it happening inside the eye.

• The only way to detect the problem is by getting a regular eye examination once a year.

Causes

• High sugar levels in the blood are thought to damage blood vessels over time. This damage is particularly evident in the extremities of the body like the feet or on thin blood vessels that can be found around the retina of the eye.

• It is often a consequence of having diabetes over a long period of time.

Treatment

• Diabetic Retinopathy- Surgery is also the only way to help this disease.

• Treatments for diabetic retinopathy involve laser surgery that aims to shrink or seal blood vessels around the retina but this can only stop the condition worsening. If vision loss has already occurred this vision will be lost for good.

Diabetic Peripheral Diabetic Peripheral NeuropathyNeuropathy

A family of nerve disorders caused by diabetesA family of nerve disorders caused by diabetesBy

ada

m

Diabetic Nerve Pain (DNP)Diabetic Nerve Pain (DNP)

Diabetics with this disease who Diabetics with this disease who have high glucose levels over have high glucose levels over time.time.

The pain may be like a burning, The pain may be like a burning, numbness, stabbing, or tingling numbness, stabbing, or tingling feeling.feeling.

Most common area of pain are in Most common area of pain are in the feet and legs.the feet and legs.

Areas with pain or Areas with pain or numbnessnumbness

Hands, arms, legs, and feetHands, arms, legs, and feet May also occur in other organ May also occur in other organ

systems such as the digestive systems such as the digestive tract, heart, and reproductive tract, heart, and reproductive organsorgans

SymptomsSymptoms

Many people may have signs of Many people may have signs of this disease but no symptomsthis disease but no symptoms

Extreme sensitivity to touchExtreme sensitivity to touch Loss of balance or coordinationLoss of balance or coordination Cramps and sharp painsCramps and sharp pains Numbness, insensitivity to pain Numbness, insensitivity to pain

or temperatureor temperature These symptoms are often worse These symptoms are often worse

at nightat night

TheThe riskrisk

Anyone with diabetes can Anyone with diabetes can develop nerve problems, develop nerve problems, however, the longer a person has however, the longer a person has diabetes the greater the risk.diabetes the greater the risk.

Highest rates of DNP are among Highest rates of DNP are among people who have had diabetes people who have had diabetes over 25 years.over 25 years.

TreatmentTreatment

Bring glucose levels down to Bring glucose levels down to normal by exercise and dieting normal by exercise and dieting and insulin injections.and insulin injections.

Lyrica (Diabetic Peripheral Lyrica (Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy) is an effective Neuropathy) is an effective medicine approved by the FDA to medicine approved by the FDA to relieve nerve pain resulting from relieve nerve pain resulting from Diabetes.Diabetes.

Diabetes

Wound healingBy the

Examples of diabetic wounds

Wounds• Diabetes can result in the

development of several complications such as ulcers, and various wounds like the one in the previous slide. Because diabetics don’t have good feeling in their feet or legs, they really don’t notice the wounds therefore causing them to get infected and maybe resulting in amputation.

How to heal a diabetic wound

• Take a load off• This basically means to take a break and

get off of your feet so the healing can work.

• Another aspect that isn’t good for a diabetic’s feet are badly fitting shoes.

• To help this problem you should go to your doctor and have them prescribe shoes so that your feet are more comfortable.

Healing Diabetic Wounds

• Though unusual this next method of cleaning wounds uses maggots. The doctor applies the maggots to the wounds so that they can consume the dead flesh and other debris.

More on cleaning diabetic wounds

• Removing dead tissue• One way of removing dead tissue is called sharp

debridement. When the doctor uses this method they numb your foot so you feel no pain and use a sharp instrument to remove debris such as dead skin dirt and whatever else you have stepped on.

• Or doctors may employ a whirlpool bath• When using this you put the infected area in the

whirlpool and the current of the water removes the debris from the wounds

More pictures of diabetic wounds

How do you prevent diabetes?

By: Jordan

3 types of Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes Gestational diabetes Type 2 diabetes

How to prevent type 1 diabetes?

There is no actual way to prevent this type of diabetes.

Risk factors for gestational diabetes

Family members who has type 2 diabetes Women over the age of 35 Obese women Have previously given birth to a large baby Have previously given birth to a baby born

with an abnormality Have previously had a stillbirth late in

pregnancy

How to prevent gestational diabetes?

Risk Factors of type 2 Diabetes

Obesity High blood pressure High cholesterol Race Genetics Women

How to prevent type 2 diabetes?

Diabetes and a Diabetes and a DietDiet

By Nick BrooksBy Nick Brooks

What Should You Eat?What Should You Eat?Lots of fruit and vegetables like: carrots, Lots of fruit and vegetables like: carrots, broccoli, and green beansbroccoli, and green beans

Eat whole grain foods over grain Eat whole grain foods over grain processed productsprocessed products

You should also eat fish 2-3 times a week You should also eat fish 2-3 times a week

You should choose water and calorie-free You should choose water and calorie-free diet drinks over regular sodadiet drinks over regular soda

Cut back on the dessertsCut back on the desserts

Watch the portion sizes Watch the portion sizes

Diet for Type 1 DiabetesDiet for Type 1 Diabetes

should have a diet that has should have a diet that has approximately 35 calories per kg of approximately 35 calories per kg of body weight per day (or 16 calories body weight per day (or 16 calories per pound of body weight per day) per pound of body weight per day)

100 lb person could eat up to 1600 100 lb person could eat up to 1600 calories a daycalories a day

100 x 16 = 1600100 x 16 = 1600

Diet for Type 2 DiabetesDiet for Type 2 Diabetes

Patients with Type 2 diabetes Patients with Type 2 diabetes generally are put on a 1500-1800 generally are put on a 1500-1800 calorie diet per day to promote calorie diet per day to promote weight loss and then the weight loss and then the maintenance of ideal body weight maintenance of ideal body weight

But it varies between the person's But it varies between the person's age, gender, activity level, current age, gender, activity level, current weight and body style weight and body style

The Amount of each FoodThe Amount of each Food

Carbohydrates should make up about Carbohydrates should make up about 50 percent of the daily calories50 percent of the daily calories

The other 50 percent should be made The other 50 percent should be made up of vegetables, meats, and fruits up of vegetables, meats, and fruits

The Diabetes Food PyramidThe Diabetes Food Pyramid

By: Wendy

Insulin

• Most diabetic people have to take insulin shots or use an insulin pump

Testing

• As a diabetic they must test their blood and should keep a journal of how high and low their blood sugar gets

Steps to Testing

• Prick finger with lancet

• Put blood on testing strip

• Put into testing machine

• Read the machine reading

• Finally, record in journal

Attitude

• They’ve got to keep a positive attitude

• They shouldn’t let diabetes turn into a major problem in their life

Diet

• They have to watch what they eat, they can’t just eat whatever they want.

Exercise

• Exercise can actually help them manage their diabetes

Diabetics Must be Careful

• They shouldn’t wear sandals

Shoes and Socks

• What do you think are the best shoes that a diabetic can wear?

The Answer is…

• Tennis Shoes

• Exubera is a diabetes treatment. You inhale it within 10 minutes before meals. Exubera then goes to work to help keep your blood sugar levels under control.

• Exubera helps adults who have diabetes types one or types two.

• Exubera works well alone. It also works with diabetes pills, or long-acting insulin injections.

• Exubera is only indicated for use in patients over the age of 18, though studies in children are underway

• It is not recommended if you smoke or have stopped smoking within 6 months.

• In addition, people with certain type of lung disease, those who are pregnant or may become pregnant should not take Exubera

• Some side effects include coughing, dry mouth, and chest discomfort.

• Because Exubera is inhaled, it may cause minor declines in how much air the lungs can hold, which lowers lung functions.

• Scientists consider that long-term use could pose risks.

• A breathing test is necessary and additional tests will be needed during use.

•The inhalable version of the drug enters the blood stream a lot faster. The drawback of the inhalable drug is its price, which is approximately 5 dollars per day compared to the 2 dollars a day of generic insulin.

Clinical Trials• Over 2,000 patients have so far

received Exubera in clinical trials worldwide, some for as long as five years. Results from the phase III clinical trials suggest that Exubera may be as effective as injected insulin and superior to oral agents in lowering blood glucose in patients with diabetes