Healthy Indoor Environments David W. Bearg, PE, CIH June 4, 2003 Greening the Government Conference,...
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Transcript of Healthy Indoor Environments David W. Bearg, PE, CIH June 4, 2003 Greening the Government Conference,...
Healthy Indoor Environments
David W. Bearg, PE, CIHJune 4, 2003
Greening the Government Conference, Philadelphia, PA
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:ABSENCE OF IAQ PROBLEMS
IAQ PROBLEMS ARISE WHEN SOMETHING GOES WRONG!
EITHER INADEQUATE VENTILATION, PRESENCE OF
AIR CONTAMINANTS, OR BOTH
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT: ADEQUACY OF VENTILATION
IF THE HVAC SYSTEM ISN’T PERFORMING AS INTENDED, YOU COULD BE UNDERVENTILATING IN PARTS OF YOUR BUILDING, AND
JEOPARDIZING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE WORKERS THERE.
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:ADEQUACY OF VENTILATION
WHAT’S NEEDED IS OPERATIONAL FEEDBACK ON
THE AMOUNT OF OUTDOOR AIR FOR VENTILATION ACTUALLY
BEING PROVIDED TO THE BUILDING OCCUPANTS
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:OPERATIONAL FEEDBACK ON
PERFORMANCE
MONITORING
LEED IEQ CREDIT #1: PERMANENT CARBON DIOXIDE
(CO2) MONITORING SYSTEM.
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:LEED IEQ CREDIT 1
Intent: Provide capacity for indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring to help sustain long-term
occupant comfort and well-being.
Requirements: Install a permanent carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring system that provides operational adjustments.
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:OPERATIONAL FEEDBACK ON
PERFORMANCE
MONITORING
ASTM D 6245-98 Standard Guide for Using Indoor Carbon Dioxide
Concentrations to Evaluate Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:OPERATIONAL FEEDBACK ON
PERFORMANCE
MONITORING
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT APPLIED TO THE OPERATION OF
THE BUILDING AND ITS HVAC SYSTEMS.
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
2100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
Outdoor Air
Return Air
Room 112
Room 108
Room 115
Room 111
Room 107
Room 178
Room 105
CO2 ppm
TIME of DAY
IAQ DATAGRAPH MONITORED OFFICE BUILDING "CS" Locations served by AHU #2, July 2, 1997
FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDINGMay 14, 1996
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0TIME OF DAY
CO2 PPM
AHU-13 Return
AHU-13 Supply
Outdoor Air AHU-13
Agency A
Agency M
Agency C
Agency N
Agency D
Agency E
IDENTIFICATION OFNON-UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION
FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDINGMay 21, 1996
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
TIME OF DAY
CO2 PPM
AHU-13 Return
AHU-13 Supply
Outdoor Air AHU-13
Agency A
Agency M
Agency C
Agency N
Agency D
Agency E
DOCUMENTATION OFACHIEVEMENT OF UNIFORMVENTILATION DISTRIBUTION
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0TIME OF DAY
CO2 PPM
AHU-13 ReturnAHU-13 SupplyOutdoor Air AHU-13Agency AAgency MAgency CAgency NAgency DAgency E
c.
FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDINGApril 23, 1996
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
TIME OF DAY
CO2 PPM
Outdoor Air-HR
Agency A
Agency M
Agency C
Agency N
Agency D
Agency E
IDENTIFICATION OFRE-ENTRAINMENT
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
8:45
:38
9:23
:42
10:0
1:43
10:3
9:45
11:1
7:48
11:5
5:49
12:3
3:53
13:1
1:58
13:5
0:02
14:2
8:07
15:0
6:10
15:4
4:11
16:2
2:16
AHU-4 AHU-5 AHU-6 AHU-8
OUTDOOR AIR PERCENTAGES
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:OPERATIONAL FEEDBACK ON
PERFORMANCE
MONITORING CAN BE USED FOR DIAGNOSTICS,
CONTROL, OR BOTH
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:MONITORING COSTS
AS MENTIONED BEFORE, PRODUCTIVITY GAINS CAN EXCEED ENERGY COSTS WITH INCREASED
VENTILATION. IN ONE INSTALLATION, MONITORING COST
$0.20/SF IN 250,000 SF BUILDING
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:NO AIR CONTAMINANTS PRESENT
PARTICULATES VOCs
MOLD (MOISTURE) CARBON MONOXIDE
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:POTENTIAL FOR MOLDS
LIMITING FACTOR IN THE GROWTH OF MOLDS INDOORS
IS MOISTURE
COLLEGE Student CenterOctober 17, 1995
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
TIME OF DAY
DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE
DEG. F
Roof O/A
Room 325-B
Room 340
Room 300-B
Danielson-B
Faculty Dining
Student Activities
M&C Services
Room 1986
Counseling
Student Affairs Conf.
Career Services
Student Affairs Off.
Bookstore
Comp. Lab-CIS
Comp. Lab-SCPS
E&F Learning Ctr.
Student Gov. Assoc.
Student Union Soc.
Game Room
Lower Cafeteria
Tavern
Ground O/A
THE NEW ENGLANDApril 4, 1996
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
TIME OF DAY
DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE DEG. F
Outside Air
7 West (S-15)
6 South (S-16)
6 East (S-19)
9 East (S-21)
2 North (S-23)
Cafeteria
4 South (S-16)
10 West (S-15)
9 West (S-15)
8 West (S-15)
6 West (S-15)
5 West (S-15)
4 West (S-15)
Return (R-15)
3 East (S-19)
Return (R-19)
7 Core (S-21)
4 East (S-21)
3 West (S-3)
13-V (R-3-S)
SB-Loading Dock
SB-W Garage
FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDINGJune 13, 1996
53
58
63
68
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
TIME OF DAY
AHU-13 Return
Loading Dock
Auditorium
Agency J
AHU-13 Supply
Agency F
Agency K
Cafeteria
Outdoor Air AHU-13
Agency H
Computer Room
Agency L
Agency O
Agency I
DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE DEG. F
INFILTRATION INTO AUDITORIUM
Bunker Hill Community College
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
TIME of DAY
OA AC-1 (A)OA AC-3 (B)OA AC-4 (B)OA AC-6 (B)OA AC-7 (D)OA AC-9 (D)OA AC-10 (C)OA AC-1 (E)OA AC-3 (E)OA AC-5 (E)OA AC-8 (E)OA AC-9 (E)BookstoreCafe-WestLibrarySPLCE-175AuditoriumLecture HallB-301B-325B-333B-336B-213B-217B-221B-104B-109B-114B-118B-125B-127B-129B-133B-135D-310D-314D-317D-209D-213D-217D-101D-111D-113D-115D-118D-120
December 22, 1998
Outdoor WeatherCan Quickly AffectIndoor Air Quality
Exhibit 1-a
Dew Point Temperature
Degrees F
Stratus Computer, June 19, 1995
48
53
58
63
68
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
TIME OF DAY
DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE
DEG. F
O/A - Roof
O/A - Ground
RTU-1 Supply
RTU-1 Return
RTU-2 Supply
RTU-2 Return
R-2003
MS Lab
R-2498
R-2568
R-2600
R-2359
R-2122
R-2223
R-2077
R-2238
R-2639
R-1006
LAB # 5
Lab #3
Lab #8
DOCK
Lab #7
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:NO AIR CONTAMINANTS PRESENT
CARBON MONOXIDE
FROM LOWER LEVEL PARKING
AREAS, LOADING DOCKS,
OR NEARBY TRAFFIC
02468
1012141618202224262830
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
TIME OF DAY
CO ppm
Outside Air
7 West (S-15)
6 South (S-16)
6 East (S-19)
2 North (S-23)
Cafeteria
4 South (S-16)
4 West (S-15)
3 East (S-19)
4 East (S-21)
3 West (S-3)
13-V (R-3-S)
SB-Loading Dock
SB-West Garage
Office Building Carbon Monoxide on May 2, 1997
IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACT COMPANY "ABC" OF VEHICLE EXHAUST March 10, 1994
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
TIME OF DAY
5th Bullpen
AHU1 OA
AHU5 OA
AHU5 Ret
3rd Flr Trn
4th Flr Frnt
3rd Flr Frnt
AHU3 OA
Cafeteria
Bunker Hill Community College
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
TIME of DAY
CO2 ppm
OA AC-1 (A)OA AC-3 (B)OA AC-4 (B)OA AC-6 (B)OA AC-7 (D)OA AC-9 (D)OA AC-10 (C)OA AC-1 (E)OA AC-3 (E)OA AC-5 (E)OA AC-8 (E)OA AC-9 (E)BookstoreCafe-WestLibrarySPLCR/A, AC-1(E)Self-paced CenterAuditoriumLecture HallB-301B-329B-333B-336B-213B-217B-221B-104B-109B-114B-118B-125B-127B-129B-133B-135D-310D-314D-317D-209D-213D-217D-101D-111D-113D-115D-118D-120
Nearby Exhaust Sometimes Only Affects Morning
Ventilation
Exhibit 2-a
November 19, 1998
Bunker Hill Community College
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
TIME of DAY
Carbon Monoxideppm
OA AC-1 (A)OA AC-3 (B)OA AC-4 (B)OA AC-6 (B)OA AC-7 (D)OA AC-9 (D)OA AC-10 (C)OA AC-1 (E)OA AC-3 (E)OA AC-5 (E)OA AC-8 (E)OA AC-9 (E)BookstoreCafe-WestLibrarySPLCR/A, AC-1(E)Self-paced CenterAuditoriumLecture HallB-301B-329B-333B-336B-213B-217B-221B-104B-109B-114B-118B-125B-127B-129B-133B-135D-310D-314D-317D-209D-213D-217D-101D-111D-113D-115D-118D-120
Nearby Exhaust Sometimes Only Affects Morning Ventilation
Exhibit 2-b
November 19, 1998
HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT:ADEQUACY OF VENTILATION
WHAT’S NEEDED IS OPERATIONAL FEEDBACK ON
THE AMOUNT OF OUTDOOR AIR FOR VENTILATION ACTUALLY
BEING PROVIDED TO THE BUILDING OCCUPANTS
MONITORING FORVENTILATION PERFORMANCE
CAN REDUCE UNCERTAINTY & RISK IN THE OPERATION OF BUILDINGS
CAN IMPROVE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF HVAC OPERATION
CAN INCREASE ABILITY OF ACHIEVING MORE OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE, CONSISTENT WITH GOALS FOR BOTH MAXIMAL IAQ & ENERGY EFFICIENCY