Healthcare Research Focus at Xerox Research Center India

4th International Conference on Transforming Healthcare with IT 6th – 7th Sep. 2013 Hyderabad, India

Healthcare Research Focus at Xerox Research Center India

• Non-contact video-based detection of body vitals and diseases

• Decision support for clinicians - diagnosis, prediction, treatment options for diseases

Acknowledgements: Lalit K Mestha, Xerox Fellow; Manipal Hospital


How Deep Can We See?

Mean optical path length for 500 - 650nm = ~1-2mmMean optical path length for NIR (700 – 2400nm) = ~6-10mm

Blood pool in a normal skin is at ~0.3 – 2mm deep

Epidermis: 0.06– 0.5mmDermis: 1-4mmHypodermis: 1 – 6mm

Thickness of skin layersMean Optical Path Lengths & Penetration Depth

Ref: JHGM Klaessens and RM Verdaasdonk, “Non-invasive skin oxygenation imaging using a multi-spectral camera system: Effectiveness of various concentration algorithms applied on human skin”, Proc. Of SPIE Vol. 7174 717408-1, 2009


Video based Detection – in progress1. Non-contact vitals (continuous monitoring)

– Heart rate– Respiration rate– Temperature– Oxygen saturation (functional & fractional)– Pulmonary volumes with 3D– Heart rate variability– Blood pressure– Glucose

2. Disease diagnostics– Cancer screening (melanoma, breast cancer, ..)– Cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, premature atrial contraction etc)– Strokes, diabetics etc.,– Abnormalities in a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) etc– Sleep apnea– SIDS

3. Biometrics– Vein pattern & cardiovascular based biometrics

4. Food volume & nutrition content detection


Monitoring Respiration, Temperature

Research Problems

Algorithms for continuous monitoring & Data Fusion with multiple cameras

Respiration signal

Temperature signal


Health: Cardiac Arrhythmia (A-fib) DetectionXerox Camera

Work process:1. Patient with A-fib enrolled for the study2. Videos were taken of the entire process of electrical

cardio version3. Holter monitor installed4. Patient - briefed about the benefits of the study5. Patient – undergoes electrical cardio version6. Patient – cleared of A-fib

Performed video shoot of A-fib patients interacting with Doctors, nurses and patients

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Raw ECG v/s PPG extracted using video camera

ECG lead 2PPG (from video)

Irregular beat to beat intervals


A-fib Detection – During A-fib (Patient 1)

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ECG vs PPG

ECG (lead 2)PPG (video)peaks (ECG)peaks (PPG)


A-fib Detection–Normal Sinus Rhythm (Patient 2)

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ECG vs PPG

ECG (lead 2)PPG (video)peaks (ECG)peaks (PPG)


Sample Data Collection on Cancer Patients• Patient 2: Male Patient

Mammogram Images Thermal Images

Right breast Left breast Left breast

Confirmed malignant lesion(2.5 x 1.3 cm in the left breast)

Craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views ~45 deg right from sagittal plane

Along sagittal plane


Sample Data Collection on Cancer Patients• Patient 3: Female Patient

Mammogram Images Thermal Image

Right breast Left breast

No suspicious region foundNo cancer found. Radiology report suggestedFibroadenoma – a benign lesion

~45 deg right from sagittal plane


Sample Data Collection on Cancer Patients• Patient 4: Female Patient

Mammogram Image

Left breast Malignant lesion

Sonomammogram Image


Cancer is spread to lymph nodes



Healthcare Research Focus

• Non-contact video-based detection of body vitals and diseases

• Decision support for clinicians - diagnosis, prediction, treatment options for diseases


Emergency Room Decision Support: Stroke Prediction

Stroke happens when blood flow to a part of the brain stops, often causing permanent damage

• 4.4 million deaths each year.• ~70% of the strokes are first-ever

strokes

Tools for Clinical decision support, Preventive healthcare

Open Innovation Project with Indian hospitals• Data collection initiated• Initial statistical model for stroke severity


Open Healthcare Analytics System

AnalyticsData & Process Analytics

• Risk Models• Diagnostics

• Treatment planning• Preventive Healthcare

Data

Providers,Others

Clinical/patient dataProcess dataGene banks

ML researchersUniversitiesCrowd Experts

Abstracted Data Views

Analytical Models

External Partners

Data Integration andPrivacy Management

Reporting& Visualization

Adapters: integrate with EHR/HIS solutions

Open APIs

Medical LiteratureWebsites

Social networks

Healthcare Research Focus at Xerox Research Center India

Health & Medicine

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