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UNIT 30Stress and stress

management

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Aim of Session

•  To define stress

•  To identify events and triggers of stress

•

Introduce Holmes-Rahe theory/ scale•  To explore symptoms of stress

•  To explore management of stress and its

importance•  To examine our own coping mechanisms

•  To discuss task three of assignment

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What is stress?

• Stress is a response to external forces that affectthe individual

• Highly dependent upon individual factors such as

our physical health, the quality of ourinterpersonal relationships, the number of commitments and responsibilities we carry, thedegree of others' dependence upon us,expectations of us, the amount of support wereceive from others, and the number of changesor traumatic events that have recently occurredin our lives.

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Continued

• http://go.nln.ac.uk/?req=%7BB528A4A9

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What triggers stress

• Discuss the different events ortriggers you can think of that mayproduce a stressed response

• How do these triggers make you feel,how would you describe stress tosomeone who has never experiencedit before?

• http://go.nln.ac.uk/?req=%7B0E51A084-

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Holmes & Rahe

• Holmes and Rahe (1967) produced acatalogue of life events which peoplehave to adapt to.

•  These transitions and changes createa need for social and emotionaladaptation.

• A situation that could trigger stress

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Holmes-Rahe Scale•Death of a partner

•

Divorce•Marital separation

•Going to prison

•Death of a close family

member•Personal injury or illness

•Marriage

•Being dismissed at work

•Marital reconciliation

•Retirement

•Changes in health of family member

•Pregnancy

•

Sexual difficulties•Gaining a new familymember

•Business or work

adjustments•Changes in financial state

•Death of a close friend

•Change to different line of work

•Change in arguments withpartner

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 Type A and B personalities

• First described in relation to heart disease in the 1950s bycardiologists Meyer Friedman, R. H. Rosenham.

• It subsequently appeared in the Jenkins Activity Survey, which wasoriginated to detect behaviours which lead to heart attacks(Jenkins, Ayzanski, Rosenman, 1971).

• Dr. Redford Williams, a cardiologist at Duke University, latershowed that the main hazard in this is when the Type A person hasa tendency to anger and hostility.

• A subsequent study has challenged even this, throwing the wholevalidity of this typing as a predictor of heart attacks into doubt.

• Now seen as more pop psychology than real theory.

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What is your personality type?

•  http://discoveryhealth.queendom.com/t

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Effects of stress

• http://go.nln.ac.uk/?req=%7BB45B8982-

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What are the symptoms of stress?

• Increased irritability

• Heightened sensitivityto criticism

• Signs of tension, suchas nail-biting

• Headache

• Anxiety

• Difficulty gettingto sleep and earlymorning waking

• Drinking andsmoking more

• Indigestion

• Loss of concentration

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Stress management

• What ways can you thing of tomanage stress?

•

Is it always possible to remove thestress from your life?

• How do you manage your own stress?

• Do you use positive or negative toolsto cope?

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STRESSMANAGEMENT

MEDITATION

COUNSELLING

 TALKING

ALTERNATIVECOPING

MECHANISMS

DIET

EXERCISERELAXATION

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Dealing with Stress

• http://go.nln.ac.uk/?req=%7B82581DCC