HEALTH CARE AGENCIES & THEIR ROLES

PRAMOD KUMARNURSING TUTOR

TMCON

WHOA specialised non-political agency of United Nations established in 1946

Head quarters at Geneva.

The constitution drafted by the Technical reparatrory committee headed by Rene Sand

Constitution came into force on 7th April,1948.

Objectives of WHO

Main Objective: “the attainment by all peoples of the highest level of health”which is set out in the preamble of the constitution.

Objectives in the Preamble of WHO:

• Complete state of physical,mental and social well being• No discrimination in path of attainment of highest

standard of health.• Good Health is for attainment of peace and security.• Good health is valued to all• Equal development in promotion and control of disease

in all the countries• Extension to all people of the benefits of medical,

psychological and related knowledge.• Informed opinion and active co-operation

Membership in WHO

• Open to all countries.• Most of the members of both the UN and the WHO.• Territories which are not responsible for the conduct

of their relations may be admitted as Associate members.Associate members participate without vote in deliberations of the WHO.

• Each member contributes yearly to the budget and each is entitled to the services and aid the organization can provide.

WORK OF WHOPrevention and

control of specific diseases

Development of Comprehensive

services

Family health

Bio-Medical Research

Health Statistics

Environmental Health

Health literature and information

Co-operation with other

organisation

STRUCTURE

World Health Assembly

Executive Board

Secretariat

The World Healh Assembly

• Supreme governing body and the health parliament

Of nations.

• Annual meeting-May,Venue-Geneva

• It is composed of Delegates from different respective countries and

each is given the power of one vote.

Functions

• International health policy and programmes• Review the work of the past year.• Approve the budget of the following year.• Approve the budget needed for the following

year.• Elect Member states to designate a person to

serve for three years on the executive board and to replace the retiring members

The Executive Board

• It has18 members which had been incremented to 31 members by the health assembly.

• Members to be technically qualified in the field of health

• Designated by their respective governments, but do not represent their respective governments.

• One third of the membership is renewed every year is renewed every year.

The Executive Board

• Executive board meets every year in the month of January and May after the meeting of the World Health Assembly.

• The main work of the board is to give affect to the decisions and policies of the assembly

• Emeregent and immediate action in epidemics,earthquakes

The Secretriat

• Headed by the Director General• Function:To provide member states with technicaland managerial support for their nationaldevelopment programmes. There are 5 Assistant Director Generals who

are assigned different tasks by the Director General.

Divisions of Director Secretriat

• Division of epidemiological surveillance and health situation and trend adjustment.

• Division of communicable diseases.• Division of vector biology and control• Division of environmental health• Division of public information and education

for health division of public information for health

Divisions of Director Secretriat

• Division of mental health• Division of diagnostic,therapeutic and

rehabilitative technology.• Division of strenghthening of health services.• Division of family health• Division of non-communicable diseases

Divisions of Director Secretriat

• Division of health-manpower development• Division of information systems support• Division of personnel and general services• Division of budget and finance

WHO REGIONAL CENTRES

Regional offices

• The regional offices each are headed by a regional Director, assisted by technical and administrative officers, and members of the secretariat.

• There is a regional composed of representative of member states in the region

• Regional committees meet once in a year.• Regional plans are amalgamated into overall

plans by the Director General of the WHO.

The South-East Asia Region(SEARO)-WHO

• Bangladesh

• Bhutan

• India

• Indonesia

• Korea(Democratic people’s Republiv)

• Maldives Islands

• Myanmar

• Nepal

• Sri Lanka

• Thailand

WHO activities of SEARO

• Malaria eradication• Tuberculosis control• Control of other communicable diseases• Health laboratory services and other

communicable diseases• Health statistics• Maternal and child health

WHO activities in SEARO

• Nursing• Health education• Nutrition• Mental health• Dental health• Medical rehabilitation • Quality control of drugs and medical

education

UNICEF

UNICEF

Specialised agency of the United Nations.

Established in 1946 to rehabilitate children in war ravaged countries

Headquarters-New York

Works in collaboration with FAO,UNDP,WHO and UNESCO

Provides asisstance in varied fields of MCH and envt.sanitation.

The Executive Board-UNICEF

• It is the Governing Body of the UNICEF

• Intergovernmental support

• Supervision activities of UNICEF

• Board meets 3 times a year i.e in January,June and

September.

Role of the Executive Board

• Implementation of the Policies• Receive information and guidance from Executive

Director• Ensure all the activities and operational strategies

of UNICEF are consistent• Monitor the performance of UNICEF• Approve programmes• Decide on administrative and financial plans and

budgets

Role of the Executive Board

• Recommend new initiatives to the Council• Encourage and examine new programme

initiatives • Submit annual reports to the Council in its

substantive session

MEMBERSHIP

The Board has 36 members, elected for a three-year term with the following regional allocation of seats:

• 8 African States• 7 Asian States• 4 Eastern European States• 5 Latin American and Caribbean States• 12 Western European• Other States (including Japan)

BOARD ADMINISTRATION• The officers of the Board are elected by the Board at its first

regular session of each calendar year from among Board members.

• There are five officers—the President,four Vice-Presidents—representing the five regional groups at the United Nations. Officers of the Board are elected for a one-year term.

• The Board year runs from 1 January to 31 December.• The Economic and Social Council elects States to sit on the

UNICEF Executive Board from States Members of the United Nations or of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

BOARD ADMINISTRATION

• Board sessions are held at United Nations Headquarters in New York.

• All formal meetings of the Board are interpreted in the six official languages of the United Nations (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian).

• The Office of the Secretary of the Executive Board (OSEB) is responsible for maintaining effective relationship between the Board and the UNICEF secretariat.

FUNDING

Funding is derived voluntarily fromgovernmental and non-governmentalorganisations.

Services provided by UNICEF

• Child health• Child nutrition• Family health and child welfare• Education(Formal and non-formal)

UNDP

UNDP• Established in the year 1966• To help poorer nations develop their human

and natural resources more fully.• The UNDP projects cover virtually every

economic and social sector-agriculture,industry,education and science,health,social welfare.

UNDP’S activities:

UNDP's network links and coordinates globaland national efforts to reach these Goals.Their focus is helping countries build andshare solutions to the challenges of: • Democratic Governance • Poverty Reduction • Crisis Prevention and Recovery • Environment and Energy • HIV/AIDS

FAO

FAO

• The food and agriculture organization(FAO)

was formed in the year 1945 with

headquarters in Rome

• It was United Nations organization specialized

agency created to look after several areas of

world co-operation.

AIMS OF FAO

The chief aims of FAO are as follows;

1)to help nations raise living standards.

2)to improve the nutritional status of people of all

countries.

3)to increase the efficiency of farming, forestry and

fisheries.

4)to better the condition of rural people and better the

opportunity of productive work

Activities of FAO

1)Putting information within reach

2)Sharing policy expertise

3)Providing a meeting place

4)Bringing knowledge to the field

ILO

The Internationaal labor Organisation was established in the year 1919.The purposes of ILO are as follows:1) To contribute to the establishment of lasting

peace by promoting social justice.2) To improve through international action ,labor

conditions, and living standards.3) To improve economic and social stability

ILO

ILO

• The international labour code is a collection of international minimum standards related to health,welfare,living and working conditions of workers all over the world.

• Headquarters at Geneva,Switzerland.

USAID

USAID

USAIDThe US government extends aid to India through three agencies:1)United agency for International development2)the public law 480 programme3)the US import bank.

ACTIVITIES OF USAID• The US government is assisting in a number of projects

designed to improve the health of Indian people. 1)Malaria eradication 2)Medical education 3)Nursing education 4)Health education 5)Water supply and sanitation 6)Control of communicable diseases 7)Nutrition 8)Family planning

NON-GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES

ROCKFELLER FOUNDATION

Rockfeller foundation is a philanthropic organization chartered in 1913 and endowed by Mr.John .D Rockfeller.

Activities• Training of competent teachers and research workers• Training abroad of candidates from India through fellowships and

travel grants.• Sponsoring of visits of a large number of medical specialists from

the USA.• Providing grants in aid to selected institutions.• Development of medical libraries,population studies, assistance to

research projects and institutions, (eg.National institute of virology at Pune).

• Directing support to the improvement of agriculture, family planning and rural training centres as well as to medical education.

The Ford Foundation

The Ford foundation has been active in the development of rural

health services and family planning.The ford foundation has helped in the following

projects:1)Orientation training centres at Singoor,Poonamallaietc2)Research cum action projects.3)Pilot project in ruralhealthservices,Gandhigram(tamilnadu)

Activities

4)Establishment of NIHAE

5)Calcutta water supply and drainage Scheme

6)Ford foundation Supports Family planning for

research in reproductive biology.

International Red Cross

• The red cross is a non-political and non-official international humanitarian organization

• The first Geneva convention took place in 1864 and a treaty was signed for the relief of the wounded and sick of the armies in the field.Thus came into being the International committee of red cross(ICRC).

Roles

Role of Red cross:• 1)It was largely confined to the victims of the

war.2)mainly it tries to involve itself into activities

like first aid in case of war like situations,mch services

3)lately it has tried to extend it’s research in Disaster management and has designed emergency protocols.

CARE

• The abbreviation when extended is “Co-operative for assistance and relief everywhere” last founded in North America in the wake of the second world war in the year 1945.

• It is on of the world’s largest independent,non-profit,non-sectarian international relief and development organistaion.CARE provides enmergency aid and long term development assistance.

• Operation in India in 1950

Activities• CARE-India focused it’s food support in the ICDS programme and in

developments of programmes in areas of health and income supplementation.

• It is helping in the following projects:Integrated nutrition and health projects, better health and nutrition projects, anemia control project,improving women’s health projects,improved health care for adoloscent’s girls projects, child survival projects, Improving women’s reproductive health and family spacing project,Konkan integrated development project.

• CARE-India works in partnership with the government of india, state Government, NGO’s etc.Currently it has projects in Andhrapradesh,Bihar,MP,Maharashtra,Orissa and UP and West-Bengal.

Indian Red Cross Society

Indian Red Cross Society Indian Red cross society was Constituted under an Act of Indian Legislative council in 1920

Organisation

• The National Headquarters of the Society is located at 1 Red Cross Road, New Delhi.

• Recognised by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) on 28th February 1929, it was affiliated with the International Federation of the Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies

Structure

• National level-the management of affairs of the Society rests with the Managing Body comprising of members elected by the Branch Committee, and members, including a Chairman, nominated by the President of the Society.

• The Managing Body elects a Vice Chairman from among themselves and appoints with the approval of the President of the Society a Treasurer and a Secretary General.

• The Secretary General is the Chief Executive.

Activities

• Relief work during floods, famine, earthquake, epidemic etc.

• Training health visitors, nurses, dais and public health education

• Cooperation with the St. John Ambulance Association in the training of men and women in First Aid, Home Nursing etc.

• Running a Home at Bangalore for disabled Ex-servicemen

Activities

• Welfare services in military hospitals• Medical after-care of ex-service personnel• Maternity & Child Welfare• Junior Red Cross• Voluntary Blood Donation

Current Trends

The Millenium Development Goals 2008:The eight Millennium Development Goals have been adopted by the international community as a framework for the development activities of over 190 countries in ten regions which was implemented by the United Nations.

The 8 MDG’s

Goal 1: Eradicate poverty and Hunger

Target: Halve,between 1990 and2015,the proportion of whose income is less than 1$ per day.

The MDG’s

Goal 2:Achieve universal primary education.

Target: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boysand girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.

The MDG’s

Goal 3:Promote gender equality and Empower women Target:Eliminate gender disparity inprimary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015.

The MDG’s

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Target: Reduce by 2/3rds between 1990 and 2015,

the under five mortality rate.

The MDG’s

Goal 5:Improve maternal health Target: Reduce by three quarters 1990 and

2015, the maternal mortality ratio.

The MDG’s

Goal 6:Combat HIV,Malaria and other diseases. Target: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

The MDG’s

Goal 6:Combat HIV,Malaria and other diseases. Target: Have halted by 2015 and begun to

reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

The MDG’s

Goal 7: Ensure environmental stability Target: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources.

The MDG’s

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Target: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable,non-discriminatory trading and financial system.

Bibliography

• Park.K. Textbook of preventive and social medicine..19th ed. Jabalpur:Banarasidas Bhanot Publishers;2007. p.762-68.

• www.who.org\WHO The role of WHO in public health.htm

• www.UNAID\About UNAIDS.htm• www.Rockfeller\The Rockefeller Foundation - About

Us.htm• www.UNICEF\UNICEF - UNICEF Executive Board -

About the Executive Board.html

THANK YOU