Headquarters Air Mobility Command Enabling the Global in Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!...

Headquarters Air Mobility Command

Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”

Cornering 102

2Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”

The information presented here is for informational use only

• Many references were used to develop this presentation

• Not all possibilities are covered

• Use the given information with proper respect to ORM

Note: Do Not Remove “For Official Use Only” From Any Slide

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLYNote: This Slide is Mandatory


Human vision Vision in relation to operating a motorcycle

OVERVIEW


Vision

Human vision is comprised of the light, eye, optic nerve, brain

• Distribution of any of these parts will cause a loss or distortion of vision

• Information is gained by reflection of light not absorbed by an object. Black absorbs all color White reflects all color Color vision is comprised

of red, green and blue primary colors in various shades


Vision

Vitamin A

• Key for development of chemical retinal

• Lack of retinal will show as night blindness Light rays bend when traveling through a

convex/concave object

• Eye has many of these: The interface between the air and the front of the cornea The interface between the back of the cornea and the

aqueous humor The interface between the aqueous humor and the front of

the lens The interface between the back of the lens and the vitreous

humor


Vision

Normal vision

• Image travels through cornea Reverses on back retina Cones and rods create

electric impulse Impulse travels through

optic nerve Brain receives image and

interpolates

• 20/20 Standardized acuity test 20/200 is legal cutoff for

blindness in U.S.

Non-normal

• Nearsightedness / farsightedness Image is not focused on

retina Cornea hard Eyeball distorted

• Astigmatism Uneven surface of cornea

• Aging Cornea becomes less

elastic Eventually becomes fixed


Vision

Depth perception

• The image size a known object has on your retina. If you have knowledge of the size of an object from previous experience, then your brain can gauge the distance based on the size of the object on the retina.


Vision

Moving parallax

• When you move your head from side to side, objects that are close to you move rapidly across your retina. However, objects that are far away move very little. In this way, your brain can tell roughly how far something is from you.


Vision

Stereo vision

• Each eye receives a different image of an object on its retina because each eye is about 2 inches apart. This is especially true when an object is close to your eyes. This is less useful when objects are far away because the images on the retina become more identical the farther they are from your eyes.


Vision

Blindness

• Less then 20/200 acuity with corrective lenses

• Possible causes Cataracts are a cloudiness in the lens that blocks light from

reaching the retina. Glaucoma is excess pressure built up in the eye. This

causes the cells and nerve fibers in the back of the eye to die.

Diabetic retinopathy affect persons with diabetes who can get blockages of blood vessels, leakage of blood vessels and scarring that can lead to blindness

Macular degeneration - In some persons, the macula (which is responsible for fine detail in the center of vision) can deteriorate with age for unknown reasons


Vision

Direct trauma or chemical injuries can cause enough damage to the eyes to prevent adequate vision.

Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited disease that causes a degeneration of the retina and excess pigment. It first causes night blindness and then tunnel vision, which often gradually progresses to total blindness.

Trachoma is an infection caused by an organism called Chlamydia trachomatis. Common cause for blindness worldwide, rare in U.S.

There are many other causes of blindness, such as vitamin A deficiency, tumors, strokes, neurological diseases, other infections, hereditary diseases and toxins


Vision

Central

• High concentration of cones in center of retina

• Focuses on object, visual acuity, color vision Peripheral

• High concentration of rods outside center of retina

• Primary source for balance, night vision Corrective lenses

• Prescription glasses

• Contact lenses

• Surgery options


Review

Key points:

• Vision comprised of Light, eyeball, optic nerve, brain Cones and rods convert light energy into electrical

impulses sent to brain via optic nerve

• Central vision allows for acuity

• Peripheral vision give balance, situational awareness


Vision

Look were you want to go


Vision

Head

• Contains, eyes, optic nerve, brain

• Light may be distorted when traveling through visors, windshields, eyeglasses

• Point head in direction you want to travel


Vision

Constant, fluid motion

• Look through corner

• Allow brain to analyze information outside central vision Test this theory:

Imagine traveling down this road

Focus on corner sign What did you see?


Vision

You almost had a Duck-strike!


Vision

Lane position in respect to 1/3 rule

• Which offers better vision

• Which offers better vision through corner

• Which offers better visibility of yourself to other roadway users


Vision

Hazard clues

• Light is reflected 90 degrees to the object If shiny, lots of molecules in same direction – smooth If dull, lots of molecules in different directions – texture

• Known roadway hazards Roadway markings (thermoplastic) Road reflectors (hard raised plastic) Rumble strips (designed to produce an audile cue) Oil, grease, diesel, gas, anti-freeze, water, mud, sand, dust,

etc. Banked corners may have dirt collection on inside of curve Gravel in corner from shoulders


Vision

Allow the mind to process information

• Focus on where your going

• Allow extraneous info to be processed and made aware of surroundings

• Remember what happened

• Predict in the future Practice on the following

photos (set for automatic advancement)


Vision


Review

Key Points:

• Vision Constant fluid motion

Focus on central, where your going Allow peripheral to tell you where at, what’s around you

May be hindered by many factors


REFERENCES

How to ride a Motorcycle

• Motorbooks Int’l; Pat Hahn, 2005 Sport Riding Techniques

• David Bull publishing; Nick Entsch, 2003 Proficient Motorcycling

• Bowtie Press; David Hough, 2000 Green Knights M/C Club, Hanscom Chapter

• http://greenknights5.com/; Gil Besana, President

Get the best from your bike, don’t let the bike get the best from you

Headquarters Air Mobility Command Enabling the Global in Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!...

Documents

Transcript of Headquarters Air Mobility Command Enabling the Global in Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!...