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Page 1: Heading Page # The Function & Classification of Bones Table of Contents.

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The Function & Classification of The Function & Classification of BonesBones

Table of Contents

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The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System

Parts of the skeletal systemParts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton)Bones (skeleton) JointsJoints CartilagesCartilages LigamentsLigaments

Divided into two divisionsDivided into two divisions Axial skeletonAxial skeleton Appendicular skeletonAppendicular skeleton

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Functions of BonesFunctions of Bones

Support of the bodySupport of the body Protection of soft organsProtection of soft organs Movement due to attached skeletal Movement due to attached skeletal

musclesmuscles Storage of minerals and fatsStorage of minerals and fats Blood cell formationBlood cell formation

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Bones of the Human BodyBones of the Human Body

The adult skeleton has 206 bonesThe adult skeleton has 206 bones Two basic types of bone tissueTwo basic types of bone tissue

Compact boneCompact bone Dense & SmoothDense & Smooth HomogeneousHomogeneous

Spongy boneSpongy bone Small needle-like Small needle-like

pieces of bonepieces of bone Many open spacesMany open spaces

Figure 5.2b

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Classification of Bones on the Classification of Bones on the Basis of ShapeBasis of Shape

Figure 5.1

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Long BonesLong Bones

• Typically longer than Typically longer than widewide

• Have a shaft with Have a shaft with heads at both endsheads at both ends

• Contain mostly Contain mostly compact bonecompact bone

• Examples: Femur, Examples: Femur, humerushumerus

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Short BonesShort Bones

Generally cube-Generally cube-shapeshape

Contain mostly Contain mostly spongy bonespongy bone

Examples: Carpals, Examples: Carpals, tarsalstarsals

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Flat BonesFlat Bones

Thin and flattenedThin and flattened

Usually curvedUsually curved

Thin layers of compact Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of bone around a layer of spongy bonespongy bone

Examples: Skull, ribs, Examples: Skull, ribs, sternumsternum

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Irregular BonesIrregular Bones

Irregular shapeIrregular shape

Do not fit into other bone Do not fit into other bone classification categoriesclassification categories

Example: Vertebrae and Example: Vertebrae and hiphip

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HomeworkHomework

Page 174 Short Answer Essay #1-5Page 174 Short Answer Essay #1-5

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The Function & Classification of The Function & Classification of BonesBones

Structure of a Long BoneStructure of a Long Bone

Table of Contents

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Gross Anatomy of a Long Gross Anatomy of a Long BoneBone

DiaphysisDiaphysis ShaftShaft Composed of Composed of

compact bonecompact bone Epiphysis Epiphysis

Ends of the boneEnds of the bone Composed mostly of Composed mostly of

spongy bonespongy bone

Figure 5.2a

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Structures of a Long BoneStructures of a Long Bone PeriosteumPeriosteum

Outside covering of Outside covering of the diaphysisthe diaphysis

Fibrous connective Fibrous connective tissue membranetissue membrane

Sharpey’s fibers Sharpey’s fibers (perforating)(perforating)

Secure periosteum Secure periosteum to underlying boneto underlying bone

ArteriesArteries Supply bone cells Supply bone cells

with nutrientswith nutrientsFigure 5.2c

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Structures of a Long BoneStructures of a Long Bone

Articular cartilageArticular cartilage Covers the Covers the

external surface external surface of the epiphysesof the epiphyses

Made of hyaline Made of hyaline cartilagecartilage

Decreases friction Decreases friction at joint surfacesat joint surfaces

Figure 5.2a

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Structures of a Long BoneStructures of a Long Bone

Medullary cavityMedullary cavity Cavity of the shaftCavity of the shaft Contains yellow Contains yellow

marrow (mostly fat) marrow (mostly fat) in adultsin adults

Contains red Contains red marrow (for blood marrow (for blood cell formation) in cell formation) in infantsinfants

Figure 5.2a

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Bone MarkingsBone Markings

Surface features of bonesSurface features of bones Sites of attachments for muscles, Sites of attachments for muscles,

tendons, and ligamentstendons, and ligaments Passages for nerves and blood vesselsPassages for nerves and blood vessels Categories of bone markingsCategories of bone markings

Projections and processes – grow out from Projections and processes – grow out from the bone surfacethe bone surface

Depressions or cavities – indentationsDepressions or cavities – indentations

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Microscopic Anatomy of Microscopic Anatomy of BoneBone

Osteon (Haversian System)Osteon (Haversian System) A unit of boneA unit of bone

Central (Haversian) canalCentral (Haversian) canal Opening in the center of an osteonOpening in the center of an osteon Carries blood vessels and nervesCarries blood vessels and nerves

Perforating (Volkman’s) canalPerforating (Volkman’s) canal Canal perpendicular to the central canalCanal perpendicular to the central canal Carries blood vessels and nervesCarries blood vessels and nerves

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Microscopic Anatomy of Microscopic Anatomy of BoneBone

Figure 5.3

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Microscopic Anatomy of Microscopic Anatomy of BoneBone

LacunaeLacunae Cavities containing Cavities containing

bone cells bone cells (osteocytes)(osteocytes)

Arranged in Arranged in concentric ringsconcentric rings

LamellaeLamellae Rings around the Rings around the

central canalcentral canal Sites of lacunaeSites of lacunae

Detail of Figure 5.3

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Microscopic Anatomy of Microscopic Anatomy of BoneBone

Canaliculi Canaliculi Tiny canalsTiny canals Radiate from the Radiate from the

central canal to central canal to lacunaelacunae

Form a transport Form a transport systemsystem

Detail of Figure 5.3


Skeletal System. Bone Classification a.Long bones b.Short bones c.Flat bones d.Irregular bones e.Sesamoid bone.

Skeletal System. Bone Classification a.Long bones b.Short bones c.Flat bones d.Irregular bones e.Sesamoid bone.

Bones, Bones, Bones

Bones, Bones, Bones

BONE GROWTH & REPAIR. Classification of Bone (by shape) Long Bones Elongated shaft with expanded ends Bones in limbs (except patella, wrist, ankle)

BONE GROWTH & REPAIR. Classification of Bone (by shape) Long Bones Elongated shaft with expanded ends Bones in limbs (except patella, wrist, ankle)

The Skeletal System Lesson 3 by Jim Alton Objective Name the classification of bones Diagram the interior of a bone Explain how bones and muscles attach.

The Skeletal System Lesson 3 by Jim Alton Objective Name the classification of bones Diagram the interior of a bone Explain how bones and muscles attach.

A Classification of Fractures Part 7: Sticks and stones may break my bones but …

A Classification of Fractures Part 7: Sticks and stones may break my bones but …

Ch. 6: Bone & Skeletal Tissue Skeletal Cartilages Classification of Bones Functions of Bones

Ch. 6: Bone & Skeletal Tissue Skeletal Cartilages Classification of Bones Functions of Bones

SKULL BONES. Cranial Bones Facial Bones CRANIAL BONES 8 Cranial Bones.

SKULL BONES. Cranial Bones Facial Bones CRANIAL BONES 8 Cranial Bones.

Part A Skeletal Cartilages, Classification of Bones, and Functions of Bones.

Part A Skeletal Cartilages, Classification of Bones, and Functions of Bones.

Joints Chapter 8. Classifying Joints Functions Flexibility for movement Hold bones together Classification Structural Functional Fibrous JointsCartilaginous.

Joints Chapter 8. Classifying Joints Functions Flexibility for movement Hold bones together Classification Structural Functional Fibrous JointsCartilaginous.

Skeletal System: Day One Function, Bone Classification, and Bones of the Axial & Appendicular Skeleton.

Skeletal System: Day One Function, Bone Classification, and Bones of the Axial & Appendicular Skeleton.

TARIFF REDUCTION SCHEDULESCTC Change in Tariff Classification CTH Change in Tariff Heading CTSH Change in Tariff Sub-heading CTI Change in Tariff Item DFQF Duty-Free, Quota-Free EAC

TARIFF REDUCTION SCHEDULESCTC Change in Tariff Classification CTH Change in Tariff Heading CTSH Change in Tariff Sub-heading CTI Change in Tariff Item DFQF Duty-Free, Quota-Free EAC

bones Classification - Government Medical College and ... lectures/Anatomy/Gen Anat-joints.pdf · JOINTS Joint is a junction between two or more bones Classification •Functional

bones Classification - Government Medical College and ... lectures/Anatomy/Gen Anat-joints.pdf · JOINTS Joint is a junction between two or more bones Classification •Functional

Types of bones Cortical bone Cancellous bone Bone classification long bones short bones flat bones pneumatic bones irregular bones sesamoid.

Types of bones Cortical bone Cancellous bone Bone classification long bones short bones flat bones pneumatic bones irregular bones sesamoid.

Skeletal System. Classification of Bone: Bones vary in shape and size The unique shape of each bone…

Skeletal System. Classification of Bone: Bones vary in shape and size The unique shape of each bone…

Chapter 7. Joints A Joint is the articulation of two or more bones Knee, Elbow, hip, etc. Functions Hold bones together Allow for mobility Classification.

Chapter 7. Joints A Joint is the articulation of two or more bones Knee, Elbow, hip, etc. Functions Hold bones together Allow for mobility Classification.

Chapter 7 Bone Structure. Bone Classification Long Bones – Have longitudinal axes and expanded ends Ex: forearms, thigh bones Short Bones – Have lengths.

Chapter 7 Bone Structure. Bone Classification Long Bones – Have longitudinal axes and expanded ends Ex: forearms, thigh bones Short Bones – Have lengths.

Main heading sub-heading

Main heading sub-heading

Heading - Education Department · Classification of Plant Kingdom . Three-domain classification . s- slime moulds, euglenoids, algae, and protozoans. ... Heading Author: admin Created

Heading - Education Department · Classification of Plant Kingdom . Three-domain classification . s- slime moulds, euglenoids, algae, and protozoans. ... Heading Author: admin Created

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Classification of Bones 206 named bones in skeleton Divided into two groups –Axial skeleton Long axis of body Skull, vertebral.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Classification of Bones 206 named bones in skeleton Divided into two groups –Axial skeleton Long axis of body Skull, vertebral.

Bones, bones, and more bones

Bones, bones, and more bones