8/4/2019 HCA 240 WK 2 Functions of Immunity

1/2

Axia College Material

Appendix C

Immune Response and Hypersensitivity

Puncture Wound Multimedia Activity

After completing the Puncture Wound Multimedia Activity, complete the table below. List the fourevents of the inflammatory response covered in the activity in the order of occurrence. Rewritethe events in your own words, using vocabulary terms from Ch. 2 of the text.

Vascular Events in an Inflammatory ResponseEvents Simplified description of event Professional description of event

1st

Germs from the nail are introduced belowthe skin.

When a physical irritant enters the skingerms from the object, such as a piece ofglass are introduced below the skin.

2nd

Surrounding cells leak fluid that affect theblood vessels.

Vascular changes take place when aninjury occurs and local blood vessels ,arterioles, and capillaries dilate increasingblood flow to the injury.

3rd

The fluid affecting the surrounding bloodvessels causes the release of other cellsinto the tissue.

As the blood flow increases; moreleuckocytes reach the injury andneutrophils or polymorphs line up in thecapillary walls.

4th

As the wounded part of the body reactsto the germs, certain cells destroy thesegerms.

Neutrophils attack the bacteria or germs;destroying them.

Hypersensitivity

Give a brief description and example in your own words for each of the four types ofhypersensitivity presented in Ch. 2.

Hypersensitivity MatrixType of Hypersensitivity Description Example

Type I: Allergic/Anaphylactic This type of hypersensitivity iscaused by allergen binding to whatis called IgE on mast cells Thisproduces either local severeinflammation or systemic severeinflammation.

This could happen byan individual beingstung by a bee. Thevenom is the cause ofthe reaction..

Type II: Cytotoxic/Cytolytic These two involve IgM or IgGinteracting with foreign cells tocause their destruction.

This can happen if aperson receives ablood transfusion,such as a person whohas type A blood andis given a transfusionwith type B. Massivehemolysis occurs;agglutinanation and

8/4/2019 HCA 240 WK 2 Functions of Immunity

2/2

hemolysis happensand histamine isreleased at the sametime.

Type III: Immune Complex Antigens combine with antibodiesand create immune complexes

and are then deposited in tissuesand blood vessels. This causesinflammation and tissuedestruction. Types I, II, III developwithin 30 minutes after beingexposed to antigens or allergens.

One example occurs inthe lung and is called

farmers lung, which iscaused by inhalingmold spores.

Type IV: Cell-mediated/Delayed The initial exposure to an antigencauses an inactivation of a T-cell-mediated immune response. Thisresponse is slow to develop.

When a person getsinto poison ivy; maybethey are cutting andclearing an area tomake it look nicer. Thistime they have noreaction to the poisonivy but next time theyhave a rash that isvery irritating.This iscaused by T-cellsecretion of cytokinesthat damage thetissues where the ivyoil absorbed into theskin. This is also thedelayed reaction seenin contact dermatitis aswell as the positivetuberculin test.