HBio Evolution Practice Test 1 - St. Johns County School ... · c. Charles Darwin. d. Jean-Baptiste...

HBio Evolution Practice Test 1

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following are examples of fossils?

a. shells or old bones

b. any traces of dead organisms

c. insects trapped in tree sap

d. All of the above

____ 2. Darwin drew ideas for his theory from observations of organisms on

a. the Samoan Islands.

b. Manhattan Island.

c. the Hawaiian Islands.

d. the Galápagos Islands.

____ 3. The species of finches that Darwin observed differed in the shape of their beaks. According to Darwin, all of

these species probably

a. had a common ancestor.

b. had migrated from Africa.

c. had descended from similar birds in Africa.

d. ate the same diet.

____ 4. The process by which a population becomes better suited to its environment is known as

a. accommodation. c. adaptation.

b. variation. d. acclimation.

____ 5. When Darwin published his first book about evolution, he included all of the following ideas except

a. the idea that species change slowly over time.

b. the idea that some organisms reproduce at a greater rate than others.

c. the idea that species are permanent and unchanging.

d. the idea that some species become better suited to their environment than others.

____ 6. Natural selection could not occur without

a. genetic variation in species.

b. stable environments.

c. competition for unlimited resources.

d. gradual warming of the Earth.

____ 7. Since natural resources are limited, all organisms

a. must migrate to new habitats.

b. must compete for resources.

c. display vestigial structures.

d. have inherited characteristics.

____ 8. Refer to the illustration above. The bones labeled “X” can be referred to as

a. vestigial structures.

b. sequential structures.

c. homologous structures.

d. fossil structures.

____ 9. Which of the following is most likely a vestigial structure?

a. the human tailbone c. flower color

b. the beak of a finch d. a fossil of a snail

____ 10. The beak of a bird and the beak of a giant squid evolved independently and serve the same function. The

beaks are

a. divergent structures. c. analogous structures.

b. homologous structures. d. hybrid structures.

____ 11. The occurrence of the same blood protein in a group of species provides evidence that these species

a. evolved in the same habitat.

b. evolved in different habitats.

c. descended from a common ancestor.

d. descended from different ancestors.

____ 12. The modern synthesis of evolutionary theory predicts that

a. closely related species will show similarities in DNA sequences.

b. if species have changed over time, their genes should have changed.

c. closely related species will show similarities in amino acid sequences.

d. All of the above

____ 13. Cytochrome c is a protein that is involved in cellular respiration in all eukaryotic organisms. Human

cytochrome c contains 104 amino acids. The following table compares human cytochrome c with cytochrome

c from a number of other organisms.

Organism

Number of cytochrome c amino acids

that differ from human cytochrome c amino

acids

Chickens 18

Chimpanzees 0

Dogs 13

Rattlesnakes 20

Rhesus monkeys 1

Yeasts 56

Which of the following is not a valid inference from these data?

a. Chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than yeasts are.

b. The cytochrome c of chimpanzees differs from that of rhesus monkeys by only one amino

acid.

c. Dogs are more closely related to humans than chickens are.

d. All of the proteins produced by chimpanzees and humans are identical.

____ 14. The accumulation of differences between populations that once formed a single population is called

a. coevolution.

b. adaptation.

c. divergent evolution.

d. cumulative differentiation.

____ 15. The process in which two or more species become more adapted over time to each other’s presence is called

a. divergence. c. coevolution.

b. radiation. d. competition.

____ 16. Over millions of years, plants and their pollinators have

a. coevolved. c. become parasites.

b. crossbred. d. become competitive.

____ 17.

Refer to the illustration above. While the shark and dolphin are similar in appearance, dolphins evolved from

ancestors that were very different from sharks. The current similarity between sharks and dolphins is an

example of

a. coevolution. c. convergent evolution.

b. biogeography. d. divergent evolution.

____ 18. What is the idea developed by Charles Lyell which states that the geologic processes that shaped Earth in the

past continue to operate in the same way today?

a. inheritance of acquired characteristics

b. catastrophism

c. uniformitarianism

d. descent with modification

____ 19. Artificial selection has been used by humans to

a. speed up the process of divergent evolution.

b. slow down the process of convergent evolution.

c. stop evolution in domestic animals.

d. study the process of coevolution.

____ 20. The idea of inheritance of acquitted characteristics was proposed by

a. Charles Darwin. c. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

b. George Cuvier. d. Charles Lyell.

____ 21. Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

a. being preserved as fossils.

b. providing humans with food.

c. surviving in the environments in which they lived.

d. swimming from South America to the Galápagos Islands.

____ 22. The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on different Galápagos Islands varied in certain structural

adaptations. One of the most significant adaptations that Darwin noted was the

a. similarities of the birds’ embryos.

b. birds’ different-shaped beaks.

c. length of the birds’ necks.

d. number of eggs in each bird’s nest.

____ 23. Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galápagos, he wondered

a. if species living on different islands had once been members of the same species.

b. if finches and tortoises had originated from the same ancestral species.

c. if all birds on the different islands were finches.

d. why all tortoises on the different islands were identical.

____ 24. Biologists in Darwin’s time had already begun to understand that living things change over time. How did

Darwin contribute to these ideas?

a. He found many fossils that showed that these changes could not possibly happen on

islands.

b. He figured out and explained how these changes happened and supported his ideas with

evidence.

c. He made guesses about how these changes happened, and wrote experiments that could be

used to test these guesses.

d. He was the first person to truly believe that these changes happened, and he worked very

hard to convince others.

____ 25. Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar

physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches

a. have the ability to interbreed.

b. acquired traits through use and disuse.

c. all eat the same type of food.

d. descended from a common ancestor.

____ 26. On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed

a. completely unrelated species on each of the islands.

b. species exactly like those found in South America.

c. species similar to mainland South American species.

d. species completely unrelated to those found in South America.

____ 27. Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin’s observation of local variation among tortoises in the

Galápagos Islands?

a. artificial selection

b. adaptation

c. acquired characteristics

d. tendency towards perfection

____ 28. Darwin first began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after

a. experimenting with animals.

b. observing patterns among the geographical location of certain species.

c. reading the writings of Wallace.

d. agreeing with Lamarck about the driving force behind evolution.

____ 29. People of Charles Darwin’s time understood that fossils were

a. preserved remains of ancient organisms.

b. available for every organism that ever lived.

c. unrelated to living species.

d. evidence for the evolution of life on Earth.

____ 30. James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work suggests that

a. Earth is several million years old.

b. Earth is several thousand years old.

c. all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years.

d. all rocks on Earth contain fossils.

____ 31. In the 1800s, Charles Lyell emphasized that

a. the human population will outgrow the available food supply.

b. all populations evolve through natural selection.

c. Earth is a few thousand years old.

d. past geological events must be explained in terms of processes observable today.

____ 32. One scientist who attempted to explain how rock formations, such as rock layers, form and change over time

was

a. Thomas Malthus.

b. James Hutton.

c. Charles Darwin.

d. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

____ 33. James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work was important to Darwin because these scientists

a. explained volcanoes and earthquakes.

b. explained all geologic events on Earth.

c. suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred.

d. refuted the work of Lamarck, which was based on misunderstandings.

____ 34. What did Charles Darwin learn from reading the work of James Hutton and Charles Lyell?

a. Earth is relatively young.

b. Gradual change operating over long periods of time can result in dramatic changes.

c. All geological change is caused by living organisms.

d. The processes that formed old rocks on Earth do not operate today.

____ 35. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed that organisms

a. have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection.

b. have an innate tendency to become simpler as time passes.

c. inherit all of the adaptations they display.

d. belong to species that never change.

____ 36. Which is a major concept included in Lamarck’s evolutionary hypothesis?

a. Change is the result of survival of the fittest.

b. Body structures can change according to the actions of the organism.

c. A small population size decreases the rate of evolution.

d. Artificial selection is the basis for evolution.

____ 37. Lamarck’s ideas about evolution include the concept that differences among the traits of organisms arise as a

result of

a. continual increases in population size.

b. the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.

c. an unchanging local environment.

d. the natural variations already present within the population of organisms.

____ 38. In an experiment, suppose that the wings of fruit flies were clipped short for fifty generations. The fifty-first

generation emerged with normal-length wings. This observation would tend to disprove the idea that

evolution is based on

a. inheritance of natural variations.

b. inheritance of acquired characteristics.

c. natural selection.

d. survival of the fittest.

____ 39. The economist Thomas Malthus suggested that

a. in the human population, people die faster than babies are born.

b. without certain checks on population size, there would soon be insufficient food for the

growing human population.

c. in the 1700s, England needed more housing.

d. the majority of a species’ offspring die.

____ 40. The idea that events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the endless growth of human populations

was presented by

a. Charles Darwin.

b. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

c. Thomas Malthus.

d. Charles Lyell.

____ 41. Darwin realized that the economist Malthus’s theory of population control

a. applied only to humans.

b. could be generalized to any population of organisms.

c. could be generalized only when populations lived in crowded conditions.

d. explained why the number of deaths exceeded that of births.

____ 42. When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following

the principle of

a. acquired characteristics.

b. descent with modification.

c. artificial selection.

d. natural selection.

____ 43. When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for

a. species that are perfect and unchanging.

b. homologous structures.

c. characteristics acquired during the lifetime of the organism.

d. natural variations that are present in a species.

____ 44. When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is

a. natural selection.

b. artificial selection.

c. artificial variation.

d. survival of the fittest.

____ 45. According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their

environment. Their survival is due to the

a. possession of adaptations developed through use.

b. possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.

c. lack of competition within the species.

d. choices made by plant and animal breeders.

____ 46. Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT

a. more offspring are born than can survive.

b. population size is very large.

c. fitness varies among individuals.

d. there is heritable variation among members of the population.

____ 47. Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the

theory of evolution by natural selection?

a. They transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse to their offspring.

b. They tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the population.

c. They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment.

d. They will perpetuate unfavorable changes in the species.

____ 48. Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

a. diversity.

b. fitness.

c. adaptation.

d. evolution.

____ 49. According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have

a. characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse.

b. characteristics that plant and animal breeders value.

c. the greatest number of offspring.

d. variations best suited to environmental conditions.

____ 50. Which of the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection?

a. the natural variation found in all populations

b. unrelated species living in different locations

c. changes in the inherited characteristics of a population over time

d. the struggle for existence undergone by all living things

____ 51. Which statement is part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?

a. More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.

b. The organisms that are the fittest are always largest and strongest.

c. The number of offspring is not related to fitness.

d. Acquired characteristics that are inherited are the cause of evolution.

____ 52. The principle of common descent helps explain why

a. well-adapted species have many offspring.

b. conditions in an organism’s environment ensures the organism’s survival.

c. birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics.

d. tigers are so different from cheetahs.

____ 53. The hypothesis that all species are descended from common ancestors was proposed by

a. James Hutton.

b. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

c. Thomas Malthus.

d. Charles Darwin.

____ 54. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following EXCEPT how

a. species can become extinct.

b. inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring.

c. species descend from common ancestors.

d. evolution takes place in the natural world.

____ 55. Darwin’s concept of natural selection was NOT influenced by

a. the work of Charles Lyell.

b. knowledge about the structure of DNA.

c. his collection of specimens.

d. his trip on the H.M.S. Beagle.

____ 56. Biogeography is the study of

a. where species and their ancestors live.

b. how extinct species can be related to living species.

c. how different species can interbreed.

d. how animals that live in the same area are closely related.

____ 57. The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. This is

evidence in support of which of the following concepts?

a. Lamarck’s tendency towards perfection

b. common descent

c. analogous structures

d. the inheritance of acquired traits

____ 58. Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as

a. evidence that Earth was thousands of years old.

b. useful support for his theory.

c. interesting but unrelated to the evolution of modern species.

d. evidence that traits are acquired through use or disuse.

Figure 16–1

____ 59. In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur

shown in Figure 16–1 are

a. examples of fossils.

b. vestigial structures.

c. acquired traits.

d. examples of natural variation.

____ 60. Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This similarity may suggest that primitive

vertebrates

a. share a common ancestor with sea stars.

b. evolved from sea stars.

c. evolved before sea stars.

d. belong to the same species as sea stars.

____ 61. Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes

a. the nearly universal genetic code.

b. the presence of vestigial structures.

c. a tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA in various species.

d. the transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA.

____ 62. Similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are responsible for the

formation of

a. homologous structures.

b. analogous structures.

c. Hox genes.

d. intermediate fossil forms.

____ 63. According to the Grants’ investigation of Galápagos finches, what happened to the beaks of finches?

a. Beaks became larger through artificial selection.

b. Beaks became smaller when they migrated.

c. Beaks became smaller during the finches’ lifespan.

d. Beaks became larger over many generations.

____ 64. Which characteristic of Galápagos finches helped the Grants show the results of natural selection?

a. the color of their feathers

b. the length and shape of their wings

c. the size and shape of their beaks

d. the curve of their claws

____ 65. What principle does the Grants’ investigation of finch adaptation in the Galápagos Islands best support?

a. biogeography

b. evolutionary embryology

c. uniformatarianism

d. natural selection

HBio Evolution Practice Test 1

Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-2.1

2. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-1.3

3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-1.4

4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-1.5

5. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-1.4

6. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 15-1.4

7. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-1.5

8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 15-2.3

9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-2.3

10. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 15-2.3

11. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-2.4

12. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-2.4

13. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 15-2.4

14. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-3.2

15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-3.4

16. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-3.4

17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 15-3.1

18. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-1.2

19. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 15-3.3

20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 15-1.2

21. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 452

OBJ: 16.1.1 State Charles Darwin's contribution to science. STA: SC.912.L.15.1

TOP: Foundation Edition MSC: comprehension

22. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 452



23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 450 | p. 453





TOP: Foundation Edition MSC: knowledge

25. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 450




OBJ: 16.1.2 Describe the three patterns of biodiversity noted by Darwin.

STA: SC.912.L.15.1 | SC.912.L.15.3 TOP: Foundation Edition

MSC: comprehension




MSC: comprehension




MSC: comprehension

29. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 452



MSC: comprehension


OBJ: 16.2.1 Identify the conclusions drawn by Hutton and Lyell about Earth's history.

STA: SC.912.N.3.1 TOP: Foundation Edition

MSC: knowledge



STA: SC.912.N.3.1 TOP: Foundation Edition

MSC: comprehension



STA: SC.912.N.3.1 MSC: knowledge



STA: SC.912.N.3.1 MSC: synthesis



STA: SC.912.N.3.1 MSC: analysis


OBJ: 16.2.2 Describe Lamarck's hypothesis of evolution. STA: SC.912.N.3.1

MSC: comprehension









TOP: Foundation Edition MSC: application


OBJ: 16.2.3 Describe Malthus's view of population growth. STA: SC.912.L.17.5









OBJ: 16.2.4 Explain the role of inherited variation in artificial selection.

STA: SC.912.L.15.15 TOP: Foundation Edition

MSC: comprehension




MSC: application




MSC: comprehension


OBJ: 16.3.1 Describe the conditions under which natural selection occurs.


MSC: comprehension




MSC: application




MSC: application




MSC: knowledge




MSC: comprehension

50. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 460 | p. 461


STA: SC.912.L.15.13 MSC: application




MSC: comprehension


OBJ: 16.3.2 Explain the principle of common descent. STA: SC.912.L.15.1

MSC: application







55. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 455 | p. 470 | p. 451

OBJ: 16.4.1 Explain how geologic distribution of species relates to their evolutionary history.


MSC: comprehension


OBJ: 16.4.1 Explain how geologic distribution of species relates to their evolutionary history.


MSC: comprehension

57. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 466 | p. 467

OBJ: 16.4.2 Explain how fossils and the fossil record document the descent of modern species from ancient

ancestors. STA: SC.912.L.15.1 TOP: Foundation Edition

MSC: analysis


OBJ: 16.4.2 Explain how fossils and the fossil record document the descent of modern species from ancient

ancestors. STA: SC.912.L.15.1 TOP: Foundation Edition

MSC: knowledge


OBJ: 16.4.3 Describe what homologous structures and embryology suggest about the process of

evolutionary change. STA: SC.912.L.15.1



OBJ: 16.4.3 Describe what homologous structures and embryology suggest about the process of

evolutionary change. STA: SC.912.L.15.1



OBJ: 16.4.4 Explain how molecular evidence can be used to trace the process of evolution.


MSC: comprehension

62. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 468 | p. 469

OBJ: 16.4.4 Explain how molecular evidence can be used to trace the process of evolution.


MSC: comprehension


OBJ: 16.4.5 Explain the results of the Grants' investigation of adaptation in Galapagos finches.

STA: SC.912.N.1.1.6 TOP: Foundation Edition

MSC: comprehension




MSC: comprehension

65. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 472 | p. 473



MSC: comprehension

HBio Evolution Practice Test 1 - St. Johns County School ... · c. Charles Darwin. d. Jean-Baptiste...

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