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Hazrat Mujaddad Alaf Sani and Shah Wali Ullah1By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Outline Hazrat Mujadid Aif Sani (1564-1624) Introduction Early Life Khilafat of Chistia and Suhurwardia Evils of Muslim Society Reformation of Muslim Society by SheikhEffectsConclusion2By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Reformation of Muslim Societyi. Sending a Number of Disciplesii. Opposition to Atheismiii. Opposition to Din-i-illahiiv. Rectification in mysticismv. Heretical Customs and Practicesvi. Sheikh Ahmads lettersvii. Sheikh Ahmad and Two Nation Theoryviii. To settle differences between scholars and Mysticsix. Propagation of Simple Habits

3By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Influence of Sheikh Ahmad Effortsi. Propagation of Islamii. Powerful writings against Akbariii. Pioneer of Muslim Self-Assertioniv. Sheikh influence upon the Mughal Emperor, Jahangirv. Propounder of Two Nation Theoryvi. Emphasis on Oneness of Allah (Tuheed)Conclusion

4By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Introduction:History itself is an evidence of the fact that whenever Islam came at any danger by agencies either from its enemies or from Ideology; it was saved by such personalities who through their intellectual power not only saved it, but gave it a new life, such is the story of Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi.

5By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Early LifeMujadid AIf Sanis real name was Sheikh Ahmad Sirhind. As a descendent of Second Caliph, Hazrat Umer (RA), he was a prominent disciple of Khwaja Baqi Billa. He took birth at Sirhind on June 26, 1564. He got his early education from Sirhind and Sialkot. In his childhood, he memorized Quran, Hadith, Tafsir and Maqul (philosophy). Sheikh Ahmad got spiritual training form Baqi Billa, who encouraged his tremendous spiritual activities. Baqi Billa bestowed Khalifat on him. He also predicted about Sheikh, He will turn into alight which will illuminate the whOle world. He was the only person, who received khilafat from his father, sheikh Abd-al ahad in two Sufi orders, Chistia and Naqashbandia orders. He died in December, 1624.

6By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Evils of Muslim Society:Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi was the first person, who diagnosed the evils of Muslims society. He described the following evils, which were prevalent in the Indian society;a) Un-Islamic practices of Karamat under the Hindu influenceb) Denying authenticity of Sharia as superficial and adoption of jurisprudence as only real knowledgeC) Promotion of Rajputs and marriage with their daughters during the Akbars erad) Din-i-lllahi was a great danger to Islam and Akbar himself assumed the title of Mujadid Azam and Imam-i-Adil. This religious dogmatic system of Akbar greatly affected the beliefs of the Indian Muslims.

7By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Reformation of Muslim Society It was a great challenge for Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi to bring reforms in the Indian society. His objective was to purify the Indian Muslims from the un-Islamic practices, which had adopted by the Muslims with the passage of time.i. Sending a Number of Disciples:For the purification of Indian Muslim society, he sent a number of his disciples to various places of India. They spread such teachings in which the emphasis was made on the lttihat-i Sunnah. During their sermons, they gave the examples of Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Shariat. They also stressed to follow Holy Prophet (PBUH) in their lives and worldly practices.

8By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013ii. Opposition to Atheism and Polytheism:Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi strongly opposed Atheism and openly denounced its conception. Rather he started preaching of Tauheed (Oneness of Allah). In his letter to a Hindu Hurvey Ram, Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi wrote, Ram and Krishan and such like personalities who the Hindus worship are the humble creation of God. They were born of their parents. Ram was the son of Jasereth, Laxrnin was his brother. He was Sitas husband. When Ram could not protect his own wife how could he help others? How can the creator and the creatures be considered as one.9By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013iii. Opposition to Din-i-illahiShaikh Ahmad became very popular among the common masses, when he started ridiculing the Din-i-Il introduced by Mughal Emperor, Akbar the Great. Through his forceful articles, he exposed its fallacy and also predicted its dangerous effects for the future generation.

10By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013iv. Rectification in mysticism:Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi explained the fact that mysticism without Shariat was a misleading concept. He told the difference between Wilayat (Sainthood) and Nabuwat (Prophethood). In this way, he snatched a differing opinion regarding the sainthood and prophet hood and tried to rectify the un-Islamic practices in mysticism11By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013v. Heretical Custom and Practices:Mujadid Aif Sani openly oppoed Din-i-lllahi, Din-I-lIlahi and Hinduism brought various heretical customs and practices in the Indain Muslim practicesvi. Sheikh Ahmads letters:Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi wrote letters to the leading nobles of he Royal Court. These letters are known as Muktubat-i-lslam Uabani. Through these letters, he addressed to the leading nobles ki Sheikh Farid, Khan Sar-i-Jahan and Abdur Rahim Khan-j-Khana.

12By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013v Sheikh Ahmad and Two Nation Theory:At that time, the concept of joint nationalism was prevalent. In order to save Muslim separate identity, Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi advocated the separateness of the Muslims.It shows he was the pioneer of Two Nation Theory in India.

13By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013viii. Propagation of Simple Habits:Wherever he sent his disciples, they stressed upon the Muslims for the adoption of simple habits in their lives. They revealed the importance of Namaz and Fast in Islam.ix. Sheikh influence upon the Mughal Emperor,Jahangir:Sheikh Ahmad achieved great popularity and influence among the masses. But on the advice of his Prime Minister, Jahangir, the Mughal Emperor, imprisoned, him in the fort of Gwaliar. The reason was that Sheikh did not perform the act of Sajda to Jahangir and refused on the plea that Islam did not allow to bow before the human beings. After two years, he was released.

14By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Conclusion:Sheikh ahmad was a courageous agitator and a revolutionary religious reformer. He wrote epistles of anti-Islamic activities carried on during the regime of Akbar. His movement became the symbol of unity. Mujadid ,according to lqbal the call-back of Prophet hood, became pioneer f religious movement It was under the influence of the him that the future movement of reforms and revival presented by Shah Walli UHah and Sir Syed ultimately made this ways to the destination of Pakistan movement.l.H. Quraishi, A Short History of Pakistan (Karachi, 2000),p.194

15By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Shah Wall Allah16By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Outline Introduction Vision or Strategy Religious Services of Shah Wall Allah1. Translation of Quran in Persian2. Efforts against Sectarianism3. Moderation4. Pruning of Sufism5. Stress on Jehad6. School for Hadith7. Institutional Basis

Intellectual Servicesi. Intellectual StagnationII.Stress on ljtehad Political Servicesi. Identification of causes of Muslim Decline2. Rising Power of Jats, Sikhs and Marhatas3. Calling Ahmad Shah AbdaU4. Political Consciousness through writings5. Resistance for Muslim absorption in Hinduism Social Services Impact Of Shah Wali Ullah Conclusion17By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013IntroductionH.QuraiShi describes, it was in the atmosphere of thicking gloom and growing desolation that the founder of the third school of thought Shah Wall Ullah flourished. Shah Walli Ullah rendered invaluable services for the social, political and religious regeneration of the Muslim society.He not only correctly diagnosed the ills of the Indian Muslim, but also produced effective remedies against the future malaise. The departure of Aurangzeb from the scene of Mughal empire created a havoc not only for the future of Mughal empire but also for the future Islam and Muslims Indian

18By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013A Vision or Strategy:It was impossible for Shah Wali Ullah to remain indifferent, aloof and unaffected by the prevailing situation. So he pondered the prevailing situation of India and wanted to carve out a straight way of knowledge and action out of the jungle of confused ideas and thoughts.

19By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013B. Religious Services:Shah Wali Ullah observed that the prevailing Muslim degeneration was due to the fact that the Muslims had drifted away from Islam. So he rendered the invaluable services for the regeneration of the Muslims in the subcontinent.Translation of Quran in Persian:Shah Wali Ullah wanted to reorganize society through Quran, but it remained his dream. He translated Quran in Persian language. In his book Fuz-u!-Harmain Shah walli Ullah stressed for the utility of Quranic translation. Waheed-uz-Zaman wrote about him, he was the only man who had done this and earned permanent gratitude among the Indian Muslims.20By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Efforts against SectarianismHe opined that there would be no progress in the society if the harmful controversies between the Shias and the Sunnis on the one hand and squabbles between various classes of Sunnis on the other hand were not eliminatedHe introduced his conception of izalatul Khifa and (hilafat-ul-Khulfa, so a sense of balance could be restored among the both sects, Shias and Sunnis. In his book Qurat-ul-Ain, he propagated three common grounds like God, Quran and Prophet among the both sects. l.H. Quraishi cornmented, Shah Wali Ullah tried to reconcile basic differences amongst the different sections of Muslims and he considered

21By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Pruning of Sufism:Shah Wali Ullah wanted to shun the Islamic practices from its Greek overtone and Hindu growth, because it was harmonized with Shariat. He also resolved controversies between law and mysticism. He tried to reconcile controversies between Sufis and Ulemas about Wahadat-ul-Wajud and Wahadat-ul-Shahud.Stress on JehadHe opined that it was necessary for the Muslims to revive their habits of Jhad, so that the glory of Islam and that of the Muslims could be achieved. So he stressed upon the beginning of Jehad for the revival of their glorious past.I.H. Quraishi mentions, To give up the life of ease, draw the sword and not to it till; distinction is established between true faith and infidelity and the infidels are punished and they are rendered unable to raise their heads again.Institutional Basis:Shah Wali Ullah also established various schools and madaris for the Islamic learning. His step provided institutional basis for the Islamic education among the Muslims.

22By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013C. Intellectual Services:Shah Walli Ullah played very notable role in creating the intellectual revolution among the Indian Muslims, so that the Muslims could enhance their prestige and revive their glorious past. For this purpose, he wrote 26 major works and 25 in the Persian and in Arabic languages respectively.1. Intellectual Stagnation:He recommended the application of ljtihad as against blind taqlid. He observed that t was the need of intellectual revolution for the truly Islamic state Under radically altered circumstances he preached not to ignore the link between the past and the present. Rather his purpose was to renovate the traditional structure, not to abolish it.2. Stress on ljtehad:Shah Wali Ullah opined that the Muslims had confined themselves to the teachings of just four caliphs and had neglected the concept of ljtihad. He tried to address the intellectual query whether conformity was valid or ljtihad was necessary. He developed a dialectic, Quranic in spirit and rational in approach.

23By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013D. Political Services:I H Quraish, mentions The movement of Shah Wali Ullah, the first of its kind in the subcontinent, like similar movements in other Muslim lands, had its object to arrest the internal deterioration of the Muslim society and defending it against external encroachment. Essentially a theologian and a religious reformer, he had realized that if Islamic ideals were to be followed and a new approach was essential in face of the new confrontation.Identification of causes of Muslim DeclineS.M. Ikram mentions, He was the first Muslim who identified the causes of Muslim decline. 24By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Shah Wali Ullah pointed out the following causesa) Incompetent rulersb) Lust for powerc) Burden of taxationd) Feudalisme) Bankruptcy (plundering of property)f) Licentiousness of nobilityg) Depredation of non-Muslimsh) Internal conflictsi)Heavy taxation of peasants, merchants and workersJ) Rising Power of Jats, Sikhs and Marhatas:Shah Wall Ullah had seen the horrors of Delhi successively by Jats and Sikhs and the Persians under Nadir Shah. 25By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013F. Impacts of Shah Wall Ullah:It is said that Shah Walli UIlah is the propounder of the Muslim regenerated movement. He put the Muslims on a new track, which brought a major change in the religious thinking of the Indians particularly among the Muslims. He is also entitled as Iman-ul Hind. He told and widened the scope of Islam from sectarian controversy to broader issue of nationalism. Hafeez Malik opines He laid the foundation of reIigio-philosophy which is still alive in Pakistan.

26By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Waheed-uz-Zaman` also recognized him greatest father and precursor of Pakistan, because of his concept of unity of Muslims and prospect of establishing an Islamic order. He trained a galaxy of scholars like Shah Rafi-ud-Din, Shah Ismail Sha heed, Syed Ahmad Sha heed, Mulana Muhammad Ishaq, Shah Abdul Qadir. It is also claimed that his religious writings impressed Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in the religious matters. In the social and intellectual matters, Shah Walli Ullah translated- Quran in Persian, which enlarged the understanding of Quran and its tafsir. This was his intellectual services for the regeneration of the Muslims in the subcontinent.27By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013ConclusionHis teachings created awareness of the present dangers and what the future had in store for the Muslims of the subcontinent.His services and contributions made a live Muslim society and his role for the regeneration of the Muslims in the sub-continent was important, He worked in 18 century, but his out look and approach to the problem of his age belongs to 20 century.

28By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Role of Ullema and Sufis29By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013OrdersShadhilyya was founded by Imam Nooruddeen Abu Al Hasan Ali Ash Sadhili RaziIt was brought to India by Sheikh Aboobakkar Miskeen sahib Radiyallah ofKayalpatnamand Sheikh Mir Ahmad Ibrahim Raziyallah ofMaduraiMir Ahmad Ibrahim became the first of the three Sufisaintsrevered at theMadurai MaqbarainTamil Nadu There are more than 70 branches of Shadhiliyya and in India30By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013ChistiaThe first of the Chishti saints wasAbu Ishaq Shami(d. 329/AD 94041), Abu Ishaq Shami established the Chishti order inChishtDuring the reign ofMuhammad bin Tughluq, who spread theDelhi Sultanatesouthward, the Chistiyyah order spread its roots all across IndiaDuring theMongol invasionin AD 1220 andSafavidattack in 1509 many Chishti Sufis migrated toUch,Ajodhan,BhakkarandSehwanin SindhTheKhanzadasubdivision of theRajputclan was converted to Islam by Chishti Sufis31By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013ContThe first of the Suhrawardi saints wasAbu al-Najib Suhrawardi(490563 AH).The Suhrawardiyyah order achieved popularity inBengalThe Qadiri order was founded byAbdul-Qadir Gilani, whose tomb is in Baghdad. It is popular among the Muslims ofSouth India, Kernatka and Kerala32By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013ContQadria_The origin of this order can be traced back to Khwaja Yaqub Yusuf al-Hamadani (b. AD 1140It was patronized by the Mughal rulers, as its founder was their ancestralpr, or spiritual guide. "The conquest of India byBaburin 1526 gave considerable force to the Naqshbandiyya order), who lived inCentral Asia33By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013SUFISIN the Subcontinent, the Sufis made untiring, selfless and incessant struggle for the spread, growth and evolution of IslamThe spread of Islam stems from the invasion of Muhammad Bin Qasim in the Subcontinent, but roots of Sufism took shape and became an institution in the 12th and 13th centuryThe two great pioneers in this filed were Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani and Hazrat Shahabuddin Suharawardy. Four branches of Sufism, namely Qadriya, Chishtiya, Suharawardya and Naqshahbandya were introduced in the SubcontinentIt was their affection, sympathy, fraternity and unlimited philanthropist actions that won the hearts of people.34By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/20131. Shaikh Ismail Bukhari: CENTRE: CENTRAL PUNJAB (LAHORE)Due to his attractive personality people accepted Islam in large number. Thousands of Hindus attended his sermons every Friday and it was generally believed that no unbeliever came into personal contact with him without being converted to Islam

2. KHAWAJA MUIN-UDIN CHISHTI: CENTRE: RAJISTHAN(AJMER)A Great Sufi, popularly known as khowaja Ajmeri converted thousands of non-Muslims to Islam. While in Delhi on his way to Ajmer he is said to have converted Seven hundred Hindus to Islam. He also introduced Chishtya silsila in India.

35By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/20133. BAHA-UD-DIN ZAKARIA: CENTRE: SOUTH-EAST PUNJAB(MULTAN)A highly educated person, Bahaudin Zakaria was the founder of SHORWARDI silsila in IndiaHis alluring personality and policy of public welfare impressed non-Muslims to embrace Islam at a grandiose scale.4. FARID AL-DIN GANJ SHAKAR: CENTRE: FAR-NORTH-INDIA(PAKPATAN)Farid was an eloquent Panjabi poet. With his elegant speech and wide spread message of peace, he became successful in winning hearts of non-Muslims

36By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013NIZAM-UDIN-AULYA: CENTRE: NORTH-INDIA (DELHI)His vision of the world was marked by a highly evolved sense of secularity and kindness.Historiographer Ziauddin Barani claims that his influence on the Muslims of Delhi was such that a paradigm shift was affected in their outlook towards worldly matters.People began to be inclined towards mysticism and Islam. His disciple Amir Khusro was reason of introducing new modes to Sufism, say QawaliALI MAKHDOOM HAJWERIHazrat Ali Bin Osman Hujweri, popularly known as Data Ganj Bux. He was leading Sufi philosophers of the day. He did immense missionary work in his individual capacity and set an outstanding example for future generations.Above all, it was the sheer straggle of the Sufis which paved the way for the future Islamic state in the Subcontinent. Had the Sufis shunned their practice of Islamic teachings in the 13th and 14th century, it would have been difficult to implant a Muslim civilization in the country where a well-organized Hindu community had lived for centuries

37By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013Role of SufisPreaching the IslamCreating an environment conducive to spread of IslamPatronage of the needy and poor at khangagThey were Philanthropist Khanga as an institution of learning and spiritualityPromotion of EqualityTheir work was to uplift the common massesUprooting the shirk and bringing them to close to All-The real creatureInfluencing rulers for their Public Policy

38By: Muhammad Ali Khan10/1/2013