Harvard Referencing SystemHarvard Referencing System

Gathering information from a Gathering information from a variety of sourcesvariety of sources

PlagiarismPlagiarism

Plagiarism is the intentional use of someone else’s ideas, words or concepts in your assignment

work (in other words using someone else’s ideas and not

admitting to it)!

All authors and creators of works All authors and creators of works of art are protected by Copyrightof art are protected by Copyright

Keep a record of your sources Keep a record of your sources as as you research your workyou research your work

It will help you to find information again easily if you need to

If you try and do it later you may forget where you found everything

You can only list resources you have referred to in your work

Write a list of references at the Write a list of references at the end of your assignmentend of your assignment

It shows you’ve been researching widely

It gives evidence that the points you’re making are supported by others

It helps people reading your work to find the things you have referred to

Importantly, you are recognising the intellectual input someone else has made to your work

References include information References include information about . .about . . . .

Who wrote or created the source or edited it

When it was published What it’s called What kind of thing it is– a book, an

article, a website, etc… Where it was published Who published it

Book exampleBook example

Author’s surname and initial(s)Title of book in italics or

underlined Place of Publication (town or city)

Atkins, P.W. (1998). Physical chemistry. 6th ed. Oxford: OUP.

Date of Publication Edition Publisher

Example: King, P. (1993). Apple green and runner bean. 2nd ed. London: Walker Books.

Surname of author(s), comma, initial(s), full stop. Year of publication (in brackets). Full stop. Title, full stop. Edition (if other than the first), full stop. Place of publication (city or town) (followed by a colon) Publisher’s name, (full stop). N.B. If you use italics to show the title, do this every

time, or underline every time instead, but don’t do both!.

Books - another exampleBooks - another example

Books – more than one authorBooks – more than one authorIf there are two authors: Example:McCarthy, P. and Hatcher, C. (2002). Presentation skills: the essential guide forstudents. London: Sage Publications.

If there are three authors or more, you might write all three namesExample: Hatcher, S., Butler, R. and Oakley Browne, M. (2005). Evidence based mental health care. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.OR use the “et al” rule: Hatcher, S. et al. (2005). Evidence based mental health care. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.

If the book is edited: use the name of the editor(s) followed by (ed.) or (eds.) in place of the author.Example:

Ezra, E. (ed.) (2004). European Cinema. Oxford: OUP.

Chapters in BooksChapters in Books

Example: Lester, P. (1999) ‘Just an Ugly Duckling?’ In: J. Barrowman et al (eds.) Meals on a Budget. Oxford: Dart Publications,pp.5-22.

When referencing a chapter of a book, put the author, then the date, title of chapter in quote marks, the title of the book it is in, the publisher and pages

(notice this time the book title is underlined – remember you can do this or use italics.

Also note that one page is shown as ‘p’ and more than one page is shown as ‘pp’)

Newspaper or magazine articlesNewspaper or magazine articles

Include: Author of the article Year of publication Title of the article Title of the journal Volume and issue number (or) Date and Page number

Example: Hill, A. (2006). ‘A thirst for the most vital liquid asset’, Financial Times ( London 1st Edition), 7 August 2006 : p 13.

..

Example: McComish, S. (2004) ‘Brit Birds See Off Oz Invaders’, The Mirror, 18 October 2004, News section: 21.

Author, date, title, newspaper, date, section and page number

Newspaper articlesNewspaper articles

Example: Helm, A. (2006). Cool down. Good Food, August, pp.69-70.

Author’s last name, Initial. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Journal Title, Volume number or date, page numbers.

Magazine articlesMagazine articles

..

Example: Lester, P. (1998b) ‘Diet and Nutrition: Students and Protein’, Nutritional Studies 12 (3), pp46–49.

Explanation: This shows an article by P. Lester called ‘Diet and Nutrition: Students and Protein’ published in the journal Nutritional Studies, volume 12, issue number 3, on pages 46 to 49. This journal issue was published in 1999. The article is shown as ‘(1998b)’ because it’s the second of two articles by Peter Lester, which have been cited, that were published in 1999

Magazine articles – Magazine articles – more detailed referencingmore detailed referencing

Other print resourcesOther print resources

There are other print resources you may wish to use, like

Brochures and leafletsA brochure entry would look like this example:

Research and Training Centre on Independent Living (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities [Brochure]. 4th ed. Research and Training Centre, Melbourne.

Electronic resourcesElectronic resources

Include Websites, Online Journals and Newspapers, Databases, Images and Videos. There are more sources which you may use which will be discussed at the end of this presentation.

Whatever you are referencing, look for and provide as much information as you can, and, if in doubt, ask for help.

WebsitesWebsites

Author (year of publication, if given), title of the web page. [online]. publisher, if given. Accessed on date at: URL.

Example: NHS (2004). Why eat 5 a day. [online].

Department of Health. Accessed on 6 August 2007 at: http://www.5aday.nhs.uk/WhyEat5aday/WhyEat5aday.aspx

Websites – more tipsWebsites – more tips

Always state the date you visited the website.Wherever possible, identify the author first, so you have a reference like this:

Example: Cotton, A. (2001). ‘I love Lincoln’ [online]. Accessed on 26 October 2004 at: http://www.hero.ac.uk/uk/studying/archives/2001/i_love_lincoln1272.cfm

If you don’t know the author, then show who hosts the website (e.g. the BBC).

Example: BBC Online (2004). ‘Society helps uncover swan illness’ [online]. Accessed on 26 October 2006 at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/lincolnshire/asop/places/swan_society.shtml

Online Newspapers and JournalsOnline Newspapers and Journals

Newspaper example: Garner, R. (2007). ’History A-level may become a thing of the past’, The Independent, 6 August, Accessed 6 August 2007 at

http://education.independent.co.uk/news/article2838652.ece

If referencing a full text newspaper, newswire or magazine from an electronic database with no author

Journal example: ‘WA packed with overseas appeal’ 2004, West Australian, 12 November, p. 47. Retrieved November 13, 2004, from Factiva database.

Databases and CD-ROMsDatabases and CD-ROMs

Full Text from electronic databaseMadden, G. (2002). ‘Internet economics and policy: an

Australian perspective’, Economic Record, Vol.78, no. 242, pp. 343-58. Retrieved October 16 2002, from ABI/INFORM Global database.

(you might wish to put the URL as well)

Reference for a CD-ROM used in research Dr Brain thinking games 1998, CD-ROM, Knowledge

Adventure Inc., Torrance, California.

ImagesImagesFor images from books, in the text you would write:Example: The poster ‘Buy Australian Apples’(Cowle & Walker 2005, p. 65)In the Reference list you would write:Example: Cowle, C. & Walker, D. (2005). The art of apple branding,Apples from Oz, Hobart.

Online images might be referred to in the text:Example: The image of the bleached coral(Coral bleaching and mass bleaching events 2002)

In the Reference list you would write:Example: Coral bleaching and mass bleaching events (2002). [Image] Retrieved September 2, 2005 from http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/science/bleaching

VideosVideos

The text in your essay might read Similarly, in Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone

(2002),… or The use of lighting to create mood was evidenced in

… (Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone 2002).The Reference would then be

Example: Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone 2002, video recording, Warner Home Video, New York.

What other resources are there?What other resources are there?

Podcasts Emails

TV programmes E books

Radio

What now?What now? If you need more details the library can

help you. Now you are going to write references

for different items as practice for the real thing.

Good Luck!

Harvard Referencing SystemHarvard Referencing System