ESO headquarters Garching, Feb. 14/15 2004Hans Ulrich Käufl, ESO

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1

overview about ESO's Infrared FacilitiesVLT-Paranal

ISAAC, NAOS-CONICA, SINFONI (!) VISIR (?), VLTI (??)

LaSilla SOFI, TIMMI2

Chanjantor: APEX (!)

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1 / IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 2

all info from the web, e.g.: http://www.eso.org/observing/proposals

/CfP_P73.pdf and http://www.eso.org/instruments/

sensitivitiesgeneral performancefiltersnewsExposure Time Calculators (ETCs)

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1 / IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 3

VLT and LaSillain different climatezones:

El Niño Bolivian WinterLa Niña

normally clouds are anticorrelated

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 4

SOFI @ 3.5m NTT -> 0.9-2.5 μm -> very few operational restrictions -> earliest/latest middle of civil twilight

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 5

SOFI optical Scheme

classical focal reducer 1k x 1k HgCdTeHawaii array

~ 3 grisms +~ 15 broad and narrow band Filters

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 6

SOFI @ 3.5m NTT, modes:imaging plate scales: 0.144, 0.276 and 0.288 "/pixel λ 0.9 to 2.5 microns spectroscopy, three slits: 0.6, 1 and 2"

- low resolution (λ/Δλ ≈ 600), 0.93-2.54 μm 2 grism => 2 exposures required - medium resolution (λ/Δλ ≈ 1500) K-band imaging polarimetry (Wollaston)however questionable how well this works for a comet

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 7

TIMMI2 @ 3.6m(5), 10, 20μm truemulti-mode instrument3.6m is classical telescope=> +++ has a real dome, observations possible in daytime as long asdaytime as long as >20 deg from Sun >20 deg from Sun=> --- has to be mounted/ dismounted incl. exchange of telescope M2

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 8

TIMMI2 characteristics -> scales 0.2 and 0.3”/pix -> 240 x 320 pixel -> imaging polarimetry

long slit spectroscopy8–13μm and 17-24μm 2 grisms (λ/Δλ ≈ 200)

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 9

VLT special domes

=> no protection

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 10

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 11

ISAAC: ESO-IR flagship1-5.5μm imaging (1k x 1k)spectroscopy, long-slit (λ/Δλ ≈ 1000 - 10000)imaging polarimetry

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 12

ISAAC optical scheme: two arms with specializedcameras: 0.9–2.5μm and 3-5.5μmtwo 1k x 1k detectorsexhaustive suite of broad and narrow-band filterswhite-pupil spectrographwith 2 gratings Wollaston for Polarimetry

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 13

Summary of ISAAC modes covers the 1-5µm wavelength range and is capable of:

1-2.5 µm imaging over a 2.5 arcmin x 2.5 arcmin field. 1-2.5 µm imaging polarimetry over same field 1-2.5 µm long slit (> 1 arcmin) spectroscopy- low resolution: λ/Δλ ≈ ~ 500- medium resolution: λ/Δλ ≈ 3000, nominal 2.5-5 µm imaging over a 1.25 arcmin x 1.25 arcmin field. 2.5-5 µm long slit (> 1 arcmin) spectroscopy - low resolution: λ/Δλ ≈ ~ 500- medium resolution: λ/Δλ ≈ 3000, nominal

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 14

NAOS-CONICA adaptive optics now standard at ESO:spatial resolution ~ 0.005-0.020 arcsecno field-star problem:- if m

vis < 16 then lock on nucleus/inner coma

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 15

SINFONIintegral field spectrographwith curvature sensing AO:

32 x 32 "pixel" 0.025arcsec each

info from the web, e.g.:will be commissioned soon and 99% available atimpact

tour on Sunday

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 16

VISIR : camera spectrometer for the VLT to replace TIMMI2:

fundamental difference:- spatial resolution 0.3" - echelle spectroscopy λ/Δλ ≈ 30000

might be operational during the impact event

we have to watchreplacement of SESTin commissioningsub-mm Bolometer Arrayvarious sub-mm line receivers watch their webpagesif not open time proposal may be science verification data

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1 / IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 17

ESO Micro Workshop to coordinate a groundbased observing campaign of comet 9P/Tempel 1/ IR instrumentsHans Ulrich Käufl, ESO slide 18

Summary:imaging: complete suite from 1-1000μm

4-8 m(10m) telescopes on 2 (3) siteswith AO diffraction limited, i. e. spatial resolution ~ 0.7 –> 0.003 "

spectroscopy: complete suite (within restrictions of telluric absorption) up to R=10000 (with option 30000 or 10km/s)pre-impact: service mode extremely appropriatenote:I spared you all sensitivity figures for all modes, asin most cases it is simply "enough" (but better tbc)