Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME
description
Transcript of Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME
![Page 1: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAMERichard H. Johnson, Peter J. Rogers, Paul E. Ciesielski, Brian D. McNoldy, and Richard K. Taft
Colorado State University
Acknowledgments: NSF, NOAA, NCAR ATD staff, and numerous students who worked at ISS sites
![Page 2: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
NCAR Integrated Sounding System (ISS)• Vaisala GPS sounding system• Enhanced surface observing
station• 915 MHz Doppler clear-air wind
profiling radar• Radio Acoustic Sounding System
(RASS)
• 3 ISSs used in NAME
• 1 GLASS sounding system ISS Trailer, Los Mochis
![Page 3: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
NAME SOUNDING NETWORK
PUERTO PEÑASCO
BAHIA KINO
LOS MOCHIS
LORETO
3 ISSs 1 GLASS
![Page 4: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
N GULFS1
(IOP2)
S2 (IOP3)
2004
May June July Aug Sep
PRECIPITABLE WATER (105-115°W)
(NCEP Operational Analysis)
HU
RR
JA
VIER
HU
RR
HO
WA
RD
TS B
LAS
(IOP10)
TS A
GA
THA
HU
RR
CEL
IA
HU
RR
DA
RB
Y
HU
RR
FR
AN
KTS
GEO
RG
ETTE
HU
RR
ISIS
Moisture surges
and tropical waves,
cyclones
![Page 5: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BLAS
DARBY
FRANK
GEORGETTE
HOWARD
ISIS
JAVIER
CEN
TRA
L G
ULF
700-hPa V WIND (15-25°N)
Easterly Waves During NAME EOP
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
2004
CELIA
![Page 6: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
L
TROPICAL STORM BLAS
YUMA
●`
●MAZATLAN
Heat Low
1004
![Page 7: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TS BLAS
QuikSCAT Winds
HURR JAVIER
HURR HOWARD
TS GEORGETTE
N GULF
S GULF
13 JULY
HURR DARBY?
HURR FRANK
V
![Page 8: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
BLAS
13 July 20040024-0824Z
LOS MOCHIS
BAHIA KINO
PUERTO PEÑASCO
![Page 9: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
●LOS MOCHIS ISS
![Page 10: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
MIDNIGHT NOON
SURGE
GUST FRONT
4-hPa rise
![Page 11: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
00 UTC
05 10 15 20
GUST FRONT
SURGE PEAK
km
![Page 12: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
● BAHIA KINO ISS
![Page 13: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
7 hPa rise, but over longer period
SURGE
3-hPa rise
NOONMIDNIGHT
![Page 14: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PUERTO PEÑASCO ISS●
![Page 15: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SURGE
GUST FRONTS
3.5-hPa rise
NOONMIDNIGHT
![Page 16: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
km
surge
(RASS shut down at night due to noise
impact on local populace)
![Page 17: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
4-hPa additional rise
SURGE CONTINUES NEXT DAY, PEAKING AT NIGHT
NOONMIDNIGHT
![Page 18: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NOONMIDNIGHT
PRESSURE MAXIMUM, 8 hPa INCREASE OVER 2 DAYS
![Page 19: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Puerto Peñasco Bahia Kino Los Mochis
Pressure rise signature progresses up the Gulf (8-10 h from Los Mochis to Puerto Peñasco)
20-25 m s-1 propagation speed!
Pressure signature and speed characteristic of an internal bore or mixed Kelvin wave–bore (e.g., Ralph et al. 2000)
7-8 hPa rise
![Page 20: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Altair12/20 – 13/04Z
![Page 21: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Puerto Peñasco13/12 – 13/18Z
![Page 22: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
●
● ●
●●
PEAK WINDS NEAR THE SURFACE IN
THE NORTH
…PEAK WINDS ELEVATED IN THE SOUTH
GULF-// WINDS
![Page 23: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
●●
● ●●
COOLING ASSOCIATED
WITH SURGES…
• PRINCIPALLY CONFINED BELOW 700 hPa• LASTS FOR 3-4 DAYS• ELEVATED IN S FOR FIRST SURGE
T
![Page 24: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Rain moved northward
along coastal
plain and into AZ with
surge
24-h totals, 12-14 July
![Page 25: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
UTC NOONMIDNIGHT
EOP-MEAN LOW-LEVEL
WIND DIURNAL CYCLE
(7 JUL – 14 AUG)
PP
BK
LM
Strong low-level jet at PP, much weaker at BK, absent at LM (Douglas 1995)
Sea breezes
Puerto Penasco
Bahia Kino
Los Mochis Weak land
breezes, nocturnal offshore convection near S-Pol
![Page 26: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
S-POL RADAR
3 Aug2004
1000-1330UTC
NOAA-ETL PROFILER
![Page 27: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Summary and Conclusions• ISSs successfully documented many aspects of NAM along Gulf of California, including characteristics of surges
• July 13 surge associated with TS BLAS, preceded by downdraft outflows from SMO convection
• Peak surge winds on 13 July descend from 1.2 km AGL at LM and BK, to near 700 m at PP, maximum wind 20 m s-1 at Puerto Penasco; convective outflows are shallower (peak winds near 300 m)
• Pressure rises 3-4 hPa over 8-10 h period of surge, followed by additional 4 hPa rise over next 1-2 days (2-3°C surface temperature drop); initial P-rise signal moved rapidly up Gulf (20-25 m s-1) internal bore, mixed Kelvin wave-bore? (awaiting more data)
![Page 28: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Summary and Conclusions (cont)
• Surge on 13 July led to increased TPW and rainfall over southwestern US
• Diurnal cycle of PBL winds varies from south to north; prominent nocturnal LLJ in north, absent in south; prominent afternoon sea breezes at BK and LM; weak land breezes at BK and LM, coastal offshore convection near S-Pol
• Results are preliminary; further analysis awaits additional surface, pibal, and sounding data
![Page 29: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
(Ralph et al. 2000)
![Page 36: Gulf Surges, the Diurnal Cycle, and Convective Outflows as Revealed by the NCAR ISSs in NAME](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/568156e7550346895dc48fd9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
(Ralph et al. 2000)(Nuss et al. 2000)