GU195 EA Guideline

Contents

11.0 Introduction

1.1Background11.1.1.Regulatory Requirements11.2Purpose11.3Scope21.4Distribution and Target Audience21.5Document Review22.0 Environmental Assessment Guideline32.1Description of Environmental Assessments32.1.1Introduction to Environmental Assessment32.1.2Core Elements of Environmental Assessment32.2PDOs Environmental Assessment Process42.2.1General42.2.2New Projects52.2.3Scoping the Environmental Assessment92.2.4Management and Organisation of the Environmental Assessment92.2.5Consultation112.2.6Characterising the Baseline Conditions of the Receiving Environment112.2.7Identifying Environmental Hazards132.2.8Identifying Environmental Effects142.2.9Assessing Environmental Effects142.2.10Evaluating Controls152.2.11Recording the Process and the Result162.3Related Standards18Appendix A: Regulatory Requirements19Appendix B: Example of Register of Environmentally Significant Activities and Effects22Appendix C: Notes on Environmental Sensitivities in PDO's Concession Area and Other Areas of Operation23Appendix D: Table of Activities with Potential Environmental Hazards27Appendix E: Table of Environmental Hazards and Possible Effects29Appendix F: Hazards and Effects Assessment Worksheet30Appendix G: Example Table of Contents for an Environmental Assessment Report31Appendix H: Glossary of Terms, Definitions & Abbreviations32

1.0 Introduction

1.1Background

PDO has both external and internal requirements to conduct environmental assessments of its operations.

Omani legislation requires that, in order to obtain an environmental permit or No Environmental Objection (NEO) letter, an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) be submitted for all new project developments, or major upgrades of existing facilities, that have the potential to cause pollution. The EIS is to be submitted to the Ministry of Regional Municipalities, Environment and Water Resources (MRMEWR).

1.1.1.Regulatory Requirements

Royal Decree RD 10/82: Law for the Conservation of the Environment and the Prevention of Pollution, is the all-encompassing environmental law in the Sultanate of Oman. It provides the overall framework for protection of the environment, and specifies requirements for submission of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS). Two subsequent amendments to this law, RD 63/85 and RD 71/89, also relate to environmental assessments. The regulatory authority that enforces the legal requirements with respect to EIS is, in most cases, the Ministry of Regional Municipalities and Environment and Water Resources (MRMEWR).

Regulatory requirements and the Environmental Permit Review Process are discussed in detail in Appendix A.

In addition, all existing areas of work that have the potential to cause pollution are required to submit an EIS to obtain a Letter of Approval, and relevant environmental permits and licences.

Within PDO, environmental assessment is part of the Hazards and Effects Management Process (HEMP). PDOs environmental assessment requirements, including the identification of hazards and effects, and the assessment of risks, are detailed in CP 122 HSE Management System Manual, Part 2, Chapter 4.

1.2Purpose

This Guideline describes a process for conducting environmental assessments, or environmental impact assessment (EIA) (in preparing an EIS), so that they comply with the requirements of:

Omani environmental legislation, including the environmental permit application and review process.

PDOs internal environmental assessment requirements CP 122 HSE Management System Manual, Part 2, Chapter 4.

The tools and processes described herein are not mandatory, but rather, are suggested ways of complying with PDO's HSE Management Procedure - Hazards and Effects Management detailed in CP 122 HSE Management System Manual, Part II, Chapter 4. The techniques have the principal objective of identifying, and assessing environmental hazards and effects so that these may be integrated into planning and decision making processes.

1.3Scope

This guideline focuses on environmental assessments conducted on exiting facilities, and on those conducted prior to new project developments and/or expansion/new construction projects (new projects). It is intended to be applicable to all PDO facilities and operations and is written with specific regard to the regulations of Oman and Oman's environmental permit application review process.

For existing facilities and operations, controlled and influenced by PDO, an environmental assessment is to be conducted at intervals of no more than 3 years.

An environmental assessment is also required for:

any new project development

any expansion and/or new construction project

any structural, operational and/or maintenance change to an existing facility (including decommissioning, restoration or abandonment)

any joint venture, acquisition of an existing facility, sub-lease arrangement and/or acquisition of acreage.

1.4Distribution and Target Audience

This Guideline is intended to be used by PDO staff, contractors and consultants involved in any environmental assessment process.

Distribution of this Guideline is controlled by MSEM (refer to CP 122 HSE Management System Manual, Part 2, Chapter 3).

1.5Document Review

This Guideline shall be reviewed as necessary.

2.0 Environmental Assessment Guideline

2.1Description of Environmental Assessments

2.1.1Introduction to Environmental Assessment

Environmental assessment is the mechanism for balancing environmental considerations with other business priorities which affect the feasibility, design, construction, operation and decommissioning of a development. To meet these objectives, environmental assessments:

characterise the environments that can be impacted

identify significant environmental sensitivities in relation to the project

identify the immediate, long term and residual environmental benefits, and effects

identify less damaging environmental options for the activity

specify tolerable levels of environmental change

determine whether an acceptable balance exists between the short-term and long-term residual risks, and the costs and timing of appropriate safeguards

recognise the dynamic nature of regulations and assist management in planning so as to achieve an acceptable environmental performance throughout the life cycle of the development

can be used to provide information to relevant authorities and the public on the nature of the activity and its potential costs and benefits

can be used in establishing environmental management plans, developing environmental monitoring programs, setting targets and objectives, and in developing emergency response plans.

2.1.2Core Elements of Environmental Assessment

The core elements of an environmental assessment, regardless of its size and complexity, are:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hCharacterise the receiving environment

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hIdentify environmental hazards

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hIdentify environmental effects

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hAssess environmental effects

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hEvaluate the controls

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hKeep records of the process and the results

A critical component of an environmental assessment is recording the process and the results. The key documented product of an environmental assessment is a Register of Environmentally Significant Activities and Effects (example provided in Appendix B). The documentation process should contain sufficient information and data to illustrate how the environmental assessment was conducted and to allow the judgements used, and the opinions made, in the environmental assessment to be independently understood.

2.2PDOs Environmental Assessment Process

2.2.1General

PDOs environmental assessment process is summarised in Figure 1 below.

FIGURE 1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS

2.2.2New Projects

The following guidance describes when, and what type of, environmental assessment should be conducted as part of the engineering design process for new projects. If in doubt, consult a PDO HSE Adviser.

Concept Phase

A coarse environmental assessment should be conducted at the conceptual stage of a new project. This environmental assessment is carried out at an early stage in the design, when only a basic process flow scheme, preliminary layouts and preliminary operating and maintenance philosophies are available. It is recognised that some of these aspects may not be well defined, and that several options may exist.

Section 9 Concept Definition Optimisation of the Asset Development Plan (ADP) should indicate whether an environmental permit, or a change to an existing environmental permit, and/or an EIA/EIS will be required for the new project. The types of project that may require a new/changed environmental permit and/or EIA/EIS include:

greenfield developments

significant increase in production capacity

significant increase in emissions to air and water

land take and impact on habitat

significant increase in the use of energy, materials or resources

significant increase in waste

The wording of the legislation is not clear, and so in many cases there will be uncertainty as to whether or not a new/changed environmental permit and/or EIA/EIS will be required for the new project. In these situations, advice should be sought from MSE2. It may be necessary to contact the MRMEWR to discuss details of the project proposal to ascertain their requirements (including the details of any documentation required to support the environmental permit application).

Front End Design

Guidance for front end design is described in Figure 2.

For projects where a new/changed environmental permit is required it will be necessary to submit an Environmental Permit Application Form early in the Front End Design process. If a detailed EIA/EIS is required, this shall be prepared in parallel with Front End Design activities. The approval process and any conditions of approval may require iterative changes to the Front End Design, and should therefore be complete before entering the Detailed Design Phase.

For many small and medium sized jobs, an EIA/EIS may not be required. However, an environmental assessment shall be conducted during the Front End Design Phase in order to ensure that environmental hazards posed by the project are being managed in accordance with PDOs environmental Specifications, in a manner that is As Low As Reasonably Practicable. This environmental assessment may take place in association with the Front End Design HAZOP.

Detailed Design

Refer to Figure 3 for guidance on detailed design.

At this stage of the project, the design is nearly complete. An environmental assessment may be included in the Design Freeze Hazop. The assessment will focus on the significance of any environmental effects, in the light of the more detailed information that is available at this stage of the project. It is intended that any required design changes are incorporated into revised design documentation, and then the design is frozen.

Existing Activities

A major element of the on-going environmental assessment program for existing activities will be the incorporation, into a periodic assessment, of any relevant information acquired as a result of the assessments conducted for any new activities in the previous 3 years.

In order to establish a current baseline understanding of environmental hazards and effects associated with PDOs existing activities, a comprehensive environmental assessment of all operations, facilities and support services is required. The scope of these assessments should be sufficiently broad to cover each work zone of the concession area (e.g., Marmul), and each business operation (e.g., operations, drilling, etc.), and should be clearly defined to ensure that there is no duplication of effort, or gaps .

2.2.3Scoping the Environmental Assessment

The first step in conducting an environmental assessment is to define the scope of the study and to decide how detailed the study will be. The application of the environmental assessment process requires the technique to be flexible, with the detail and complexity of any environmental assessment being tailored to reflect the potential to cause environmentally significant effects.

In some instances, the level of detail will be defined by a regulatory requirement to prepare a detailed EIS (refer to Appendix G). In the absence of regulatory requirements, the decision regarding the degree of detail required will be based mainly on judgement, supported by screening processes. If in doubt, consult a PDO HSE Adviser.

New Projects

In the case of a major new project, such as a large infrastructure development, a detailed environmental assessment involving a multi-disciplined team of environmental specialists may be required. However, these types of projects are fairly infrequent.

Not all projects justify a detailed environmental assessment. For minor new developments which involve minimal interaction with the environment, a detailed environmental assessment would not be justified, and a checklist completed by a single competent person may be all that is required.

Existing Activities

The amount of work involved in conducting environmental assessments on existing activities will depend on the amount and quality of relevant information that already exists, and the currency of this information. Therefore the first environmental assessment of an existing work zone or business operation may require considerable resources to complete. Once this first assessment has been completed, the subsequent assessments that take place every 3 years thereafter should require fewer resources. Most of the associated environmental effects and characteristics of the receiving environment will have been established during the first assessment.

2.2.4Management and Organisation of the Environmental Assessment

The interactive nature of environmental assessments requires close collaboration between engineers, the line, and environmental specialists. For this collaboration to be effective, a multi-disciplinary approach is essential.

The size of the environmental assessment team will be directly related to the size and nature of the specific project for which the environmental assessment is being performed. Environmental assessments for small or routine activities can be undertaken by a single experienced person. However, major developments and smaller projects of high or diverse environmental sensitivity may require a multi-disciplinary team of environmental specialists. This team may comprise line staff, corporate resources, competent authorities or agencies, and external consultants.

For large and complex environmental assessments it is necessary to appoint a coordinator. The role of the coordinator is to:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hensure that all disciplines are adequately briefed on what they are required to provide, and when

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hensure that information is supplied in a timely manner from engineering, production, drilling, exploration, and other disciplines involved in the project, and in the format required

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \havoid duplication of effort and unnecessary work

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hact as a focal point for consultation outside PDO

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hliase with the management team

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hensure that the budgetary constraints for performing the study are met

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \horganise and collate the EIS and/or the register of environmentally significant activities and effects, as appropriate

The dynamic nature of environmental assessment requires a flexible scope of work. This flexibility is necessary to ensure that all hazards and effects are identified and evaluated. Regardless, it is important to develop "Terms of Reference" and to ensure that acceptable business discipline is imposed in terms of cost control and timing.

The Role of the Environmental AdviserEnvironmental assessment is an integral part of the business and is therefore a line responsibility. In order to provide environmental support to line management, PDO's HSE Management Procedures require that:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hLine HSE advisers are responsible for assisting Asset Managers in HSE issues

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hMSE Department is responsible for assisting Asset Managers to prepare EISs for submission to the MRMEWR.

Depending upon the scope and nature of the environmental assessment, it may be necessary to include an environmental adviser as part of the environmental assessment team. At the discretion of the project manager, the environmental adviser may be asked to take on the role of co-ordinator, although a strong line management presence and support is desirable.

The environmental adviser should have:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \ha thorough understanding of the environmental assessment process

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hthe ability to assess the sensitivity of the environment to be affected

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hadequate experience of similar projects or activities

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hthe skills to guide the team and to manage the aspects of the assessment for which the environmental adviser is responsible

This background provides the adviser with the knowledge to apply a high level of judgement at the formative, scope-producing stages of the environmental assessment. These judgement decisions are necessary to ensure focus on significant issues, and thereby to minimise the effort and resources spent on issues and topics that may be peripheral, and require a qualified assessment only.

The adviser moreover, needs the ability to know when to draw on specific areas of expertise, who to consult throughout the process, and how to utilise local resources

Another important role of the adviser is to participate, as necessary, in negotiations with the authorities and assist in discussions with environmental agencies and other interested parties. Throughout this consultation process, the environmental adviser should ensure that the project's environmental credibility is maintained.

2.2.5Consultation

Although not specifically required by Omani law, it is often valuable to undertake consultation as part of the environmental assessment process. The main elements of consultation are:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hidentification of interested parties (e.g., government, community, and interest groups)

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hnotification of the nature, scale and timing of the proposed activities

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hinformation gathering and exchange between interested parties

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hliaison to promote understanding and reconciliation of competing aims and objectives

The consultation exercise, which continues throughout the environmental assessment, should be based on a plan developed at an early stage in the assessment process (the Consultation Action Plan). This plan should detail who will be consulted at what stage in the assessment process. It is important at an early stage in the assessment process to clarify the scope of the consultation exercise with competent authorities.

The overall objectives of the two-way communication process established by environmental assessment are to:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \havoid conflict by addressing issues promptly

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hensure that any fears or apprehensions about the nature, scale and effects of the development have been fully addressed.

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \havoid any misunderstandings about the development

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hlearn through local knowledge and understanding

For each organisation consulted there is a need to identify a focal point. This individual, as well as being responsible for establishing sound working relationships with the organisation concerned, should generate a meeting note as a result of any consultation. This meeting note should record agreements reached, commitments and accepted actions.

2.2.6Characterising the Baseline Conditions of the Receiving Environment

An essential element of any environmental assessment is a study to gather quantitative and qualitative information on the environmental issues that are likely to affect and be affected by new activities.

An environmental profile that describes the existing situation should be developed. The next step is to superimpose the proposed activity into the environmental setting. The extent of the data gathering exercise should be balanced by the sensitivity of the environment in which the development is planned, and focused initially on the elements most likely to be affected.

Before embarking on this data gathering exercise, it is necessary to recognise that the environment is made of three main components:

The Physical and Chemical Environment

The physical and chemical environment (known as the abiotic environment), has two sub-components:

Abiotic inputs - energy, climate, atmospheric/aquatic/terrestrial conditions.

Abiotic matter - soil matrix, sediments, particulate matter, dissolved organic matter, nutrients in aquatic systems and dead or inactive organic matter in terrestrial systems.

The Biological Environment

The biological environment can also be subdivided into:

Producers - these are the energy-capturing base of the system and are largely green plants.

Consumers - these utilise the food stored by producers or other consumers, rearrange it, and finally decompose it.

The Human Environment.

In theory the human aspects should be addressed under the biological environment, however, the profound influence human activity has on other aspects of the environment and developments often justifies a separate category. Study of the human environment (Social Impact Assessment) addresses the following:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hdemographic impacts

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hsocio-economic impacts

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hhealth impacts

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \himpacts on social infrastructure

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \himpacts on natural resources

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \himpacts on lifestyle

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \himpacts on cultural property

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hsocial equity of impacts

The three components together form complex units of nature called ecosystems. (N.B. PDO's HSE Management Procedure - Hazards and Effects Management only requires a Social Impact Assessment to be performed for new projects outside of the existing concession area).

Ecosystem Assessment

In assessing the potential environmental effects of a development or activity, it is necessary to understand the interdependent parts of these ecosystems. Furthermore, no ecosystem is independent. For example a stream system is influenced strongly by the terrestrial ecosystem through which it flows. These ecosystem interactions should also be recognised to ensure that potentially significant ancillary effects of developments and activities are also identified by the assessment.

Ecosystem assessment is not a perfect process. Nevertheless, sufficient information can usually be assembled to allow a good qualified assessment of key features. The deliverables from ecosystem assessment should include a land use and environmental sensitivity map delineating the following:

i) Areas of concern: Zone 1

ii) Areas declared as National Reserves and/or Nature Sanctuaries by Royal Decree, detailing:

Species rich areas with a concentration of wildlife where human disturbance would adversely affect the biological diversity of Oman

Areas or parts of areas with a high proportion of endemic plant and/or animal species

Special habitats necessary for the survival of a particular species or group of species

Woodlands

Areas of exceptional natural beauty.

ii) Areas of interest: Zone 2, detailing

Areas of natural features and beauty

Areas showing features of geological and/or climatic history

Artificially created areas such as wetlands and swamps, which attract wildlife and migratory birds.

iii) Main vegetation types

iv) A brief description of each area of concern and each area of interest.

v) A description and listing of the flora (plant species) and fauna (mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds) in the area of study, including a list of endemic, rare of threatened animal and plant species as listed on the regional Red List for Oman and for the IUCN World Red Data Lists.

This may seem complex to the non-specialist, but simply requires the application of the right skills at the right time. Most environmental decisions at this stage in the assessment process are based on judgement and the application of codes and standards. Detailed study is required only in the areas where either there is uncertainty or where more precision is demanded.

Additional information useful in characterising the receiving environment is provided in Appendix C.

2.2.7Identifying Environmental Hazards

The relationship between environmental hazards and environmental effects is one of cause and effect. An environmental hazard in the context of this guideline refers to an element of PDO's activity product or service, which can have a beneficial or adverse effect on the environment. For example, it could involve an effluent discharge, an emission to atmosphere, use of raw materials, or a noise. Lists of typical PDO activities are provided in Appendix D. A list of typical environmental hazards and possible effects from these are provided in Appendix E.

The purpose of performing this step of the environmental assessment process is to identify as many elements of PDO's activities, products and services as possible, which can interact with the environment. This process shall consider hazards arising form the entire activity life-cycle:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hPlanning, construction and commissioning

Normal operating conditions

Abnormal operating conditions including, but not limited to, shut-down, maintenance, start-up and upset conditions

Reasonably foreseeable accidents, incidents and/or emergency situations

Decommissioning, abandonment, dismantling and disposal

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hPast activities.

2.2.8Identifying Environmental Effects

When identifying environmental effects, issues that should be considered are:

Emissions to atmosphere

Aqueous effluentsAccidental releases to land and water

Waste management

Use of energy, materials and resources

Environmental noise and vibration

Flora and fauna

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hSite preparation, abandonment and restoration.

All effects should be identified whether they are likely to be:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hbeneficial or adverse

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hchronic or acute

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \htemporary or permanent

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hdirect or indirect

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hlocal or strategic

2.2.9Assessing Environmental EffectsPredict/Assess Magnitude

There are numerous methods and techniques available to predict/assess the magnitude of environmental effects. These techniques vary in sophistication and precision. The method used should be tailored to the potential significance of the projected disturbance.

In some instances the magnitude of any environmental effect is certain. For example, land take can, with reasonable certainty, be defined on a map. In other instances, the magnitude has to be predicted.

Prediction of the magnitude of environmental effects relies on techniques from many disciplines. Some effects can be relatively easily modelled giving quantitative outputs to reasonable degrees of accuracy. Modelling the dispersion of contaminants and the attenuation of noise are techniques which can be used with confidence. Other predictions of magnitude require a more qualitative approach and may rely to varying degrees on the judgement of experts.

In other cases, an effect may be less certain. For example, an aquifer may only be affected in the event of a failure, and the consequences of that failure may be dependent on the quantity of materials released, its duration and the time of year. Where potentially significant effects are uncertain, that uncertainty has to be made explicit and in this respect some quantification of the likelihood of the incident leading to the effect is required.

The size of each effect should be determined as the predicted deviation from the "baseline" conditions, during all phases of the development and in the event of an accident. The data used to estimate the magnitude of the main impacts should be clearly described in the assessment and any gaps in the required data identified.

Where possible, estimates of effects should be recorded in measurable quantities with ranges and/or confidence limits defined. Qualitative descriptions, where necessary, should be appropriately defined.Interpret Significance

Environmental significance shall be evaluated using the Risk Assessment Matrix defined in CP 122 HSE Management System Manual, Part 2, Chapter 4. Use of this matrix in the environmental assessment process should consider the following.

The difficulty of quantifying the ways in which environmental effects are perceived has led to environmental assessment methodologies that rely heavily on measuring the magnitude of effects, but lack any real indication of significance. In order that environmental assessment may fulfil its function as a decision making tool, it is essential that a clear distinction is drawn between magnitude and significance. The former is based on empirical measurement. The latter is the expression of value given to a particular environment.

The problem of deciding what is significant, acceptable or tolerable has been, and will continue to be, the subject of many studies. At present there is no common view on this subject. Part of the reason for this is that the acceptance of environmental effects has inevitably been linked to the socio-economic and environmental status of the area in which the activity is to be undertaken, and the potential benefits to be derived. More fundamental is the recognition that environments vary in terms of resilience and assimilative capacity to activities and contaminants.

Evaluation of significance shall involve, in cases standards or regulations are provided, the comparison of predicted environmental concentration with national, international, industry, Group standards, and/or PDO Specifications.

Other effects such as socio-economic impacts or harm to living resources do not have easily definable criteria on which to assess significance. The significance of these effects can be evaluated qualitatively by assessing ecosystem sensitivity and resilience in the case of ecological effects and in terms of hindrance to other users with respect to the significance of socio-economic effects.

Where no standards exist, the assumptions and value systems used to assess significance should be justified and the existence of opposing or contrary opinions acknowledged.

2.2.10Evaluating Controls

All significant environmental hazards and effects should be considered for controls. The four principal control mechanisms in preferred order of application are:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hprevent/eliminate - alternative site, alternative methods, alternative design

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hreduce probability - alternative methods, alternative design

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hmitigate consequence - alternative methods, alternative layout, alternative processes, compensation

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hcurative measures - restoration and aftercare

Control measures are often incorporated into standard engineering design. These measures should not be overlooked when conducting the assessment, and the environmental advantages of these engineering design standards should be made visible by the assessment.

Other non-standard options for controlling the environmental effects should be developed and evaluated by the environmental assessment team. The team should objectively determine an acceptable balance between the environmental benefits of each option and the cost savings. In some instances, there will be both environmental benefits and cost savings. In other instances, whilst it may be feasible to prevent an impact, the cost of prevention may not be justified and the option of mitigating the effect may be chosen.

Mitigation may come in varying degrees and in a number of instances, in endeavouring to lessen the effects, a variety of options will be considered. As in any reduction program, the laws of diminishing returns apply and an objective decision, balancing environmental, technology, safety and cost considerations, must be made in selecting the optimum solution. The options and rationale for the chosen solution should then be discussed with the appropriate authorities.

In some instances, the chosen solution will result in an undesirable, unavoidable environmental effect. In these instances rectifying the effect at the end of activity is an option.

Where the effectiveness of mitigation measures is uncertain or depends on assumption about operational procedures, monitoring programs and/or management procedures including emergency response and contingency plans should be defined.

2.2.11Recording the Process and the ResultIt is important that records are kept for all stages of the environmental assessment process. The detail of these records will reflect the detail of the study. In some instances, where environmental effects are negligible, it may only be necessary to keep a record that the screening activity showed that there was no need to conduct a detailed environmental assessment. In the other extreme, it may be necessary to compile a detailed EIS for submission to the MRMEWR.

Regardless of the level of detail of the study, the following key elements of the environmental assessment should be recorded:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hProject description - depending on the complexity of the project, and the stage of project definition, this description can take the form of an initial brief on the project, or can be a detailed description of the project rationale/need/objectives, location, timing; and alternatives considered.

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hThe process for screening activities in order to justify the level of investigative detail

The process for assessing environmental significance (see Appendix F provides a pro forma Hazards and Effects Evaluation Worksheet

An environmental assessment report is the document which records the processes of more detailed environmental assessments, and discusses the results obtained and the decisions made. A pro forma table of contents for an environmental assessment report is provided as Appendix G. The report should be concise, 'stand-alone' and capable of being understood by non-experts. The document should contain sufficient information and data to allow judgements and predictions in the report to be independently assessed. Where reliance is placed on published sources, these should be cited.

PR 1055 Hazard and Effects Management requires that a register of significant environmental effects and critical activities be generated. A pro forma register is provided in Appendix B.

In some cases, it may be necessary to prepare an EIS for the MRMEWR. EIS requirements are outlined in Appendix G.

If the project is likely to be of a sensitive nature and attract significant local interest, it may also be prudent to produce a 'user friendly' document with the specific aim of communicating with the population at large. The Public Relations Department should be involved in the preparation of these documents.

2.3Related Standards

PolicyHealth, Safety and Environmental Protection PL-38

Code of PracticeHSE Code of PracticeCP-122

HSE SpecificationEmissions to AtmosphereSP-1005

Aqueous Effluent and Accidental Releases to Land and WaterSP-1006

Waste ManagementSP-1009

Environmental Noise and VibrationSP-1010

Use of Energy , Materials and ResourcesSP-1008

BiodiversitySP-1011

Land ManagementSP-1012

HSE Management ProcedureHazards and Effects Management PR-1055

HSE Guideline-

Other PDO Document-

Oman LegislationLaw for the Conservation of the Environment and Prevention of PollutionRoyal Decree 10/82 (including amendments RD 63/85 and RD 71/89)

Regulations for the Conservation of the EnvironmentMinisterial Decision 5/86

Environmental Permit Application - Procedures & GuidelinesMRMEWR Jul-97

Regulating Issuance of Environmental PermitsMinisterial Decision 300/93

Reference documents used in writing this Guideline which may be consulted for more information:

Shell

Group StandardHSE Management SystemsEP 95-0100

Overview Hazards and Effects Management ProcessEP 95-0300

Implementing and Documenting an HSE Management System and HSE CasesEP 95-0310

Environmental AssessmentEP 95-0370

Social Impact AssessmentEP 95-0371

International StandardEnvironmental Management Systems - Specification with Guidance for UseISO 14001

Appendix A: Regulatory RequirementsArticle 13 of RD 10/82, amended under RD 71/89, requires that an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) must be submitted to the MRMEWR for any new process or activity that has the potential to cause pollution (including upgrades to existing processes or activities), in order to obtain a No Environmental Objection (NEO) letter and Permit to Discharge. The NEO letter must accompany any application for a development permit. Article 15, amended under RD 71/89, requires that an EIS must also be submitted to the MRMEWR for any existing process or activity that is causing, or has the potential to cause, pollution.

Article 26 of RD 10/82, amended under 63/85, stipulates the penalties for providing false or misleading information in an EIS. These are:

imprisonment for a period not exceeding 6 months; or

a fine of not more than 10% of the capital invested in the development; and

in addition to the penalties outlined in (a) and (b), a possible order to stop operations.

To assist proponents in the EIS process, the MRMEWR has prepared the following guidance documents:

Environmental Permit Application - Procedures and Guidelines (July 1997)

DRAFT Environmental Permit Application Review Process Information Guide (undated)

The MRMEWR's DRAFT Environmental Review Process Information Guide provides the following clarifications and definitions:

The "NEO letter" is now referred to as the "Environmental Permit".

"New sources of work" refers to new projects, construction, decommissioning, abandonment or expansion of a facility that would result in a significant increase in its production capacity.

The terms "permit to discharge", or "permit to use and handle chemicals", or "waste licences" refer to the documents arising from the Environmental Permit. These documents are required by Regulations issued by Ministerial Decisions that govern the technical Specifications and standards for emissions and related activities.

The term "Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)" refers to a document, which summarises the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Environmental Permit Application Review Process

The MRMEWR's DRAFT Environmental Review Process Information Guide describes Oman's environmental permit procedure. The key points are summarised below:

Preliminary consultation

Before submitting the application, the proponent should contact the Ministry to discuss details of the required documentation. The proponents are encouraged to discuss the proposed projects informally with staff of the Ministry at an early stage, before detailed studies or plans are drawn up. A feasibility study, complete with its environmental chapter, may be utilised during the preliminary consultation.

Application Review Process:

The procedure for processing of an application for the Environmental Permit from the Ministry can be divided into 3 stages:

Stage1: Application Submission Stage

This stage begins the application review process and consists of submitting a completed Environmental Permit Application Form, supporting technical documents, and permits from other Ministries (if necessary). Developments are classified into 4 categories, and the MRMEWR has issued an Environmental Permit Application Form for each category:

1.Industrial and Services Projects (Application Form No.1)

2.Agricultural Projects (Application Form No.2)

3.Infrastructure Projects (Application Form No.3)

4.Building Projects (Application Form No.4)

Copies of the Environmental Permit Application Forms and MRMEWR Guidance Notes are available on request from MSE2.

Stage 2: Technical Stage Appraisal/Screening

At this stage, technical staff of the Ministry conduct a screening followed by a detailed review of the application to determine the type of environmental analysis that is required for the project.

In some cases, a detailed EIA will be required. There is no fixed list of specific industries, developments or their sizes, which would trigger a detailed EIA. Instead the Ministry's procedure relies on screening, identifying significant impacts on sensitive areas, and discussion between the Ministry and applicant to identify any critical issues and to establish the scope of the EIA. However, certain types of projects or their elements fall into categories of projects requiring a detailed EIA. The following list contains strictly illustrative examples of some of these categories:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hAquaculture (large scale)

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hDams and reservoirs

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hElectrical transmission (large scale)

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hIndustrial plants and industrial estates (large scale)

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hIrrigation and drainage schemes (large scale)

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hMineral development (including oil and gas)

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hPipeline (oil, gas, water)

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hPort and harbour developments

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hDesalination plants

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hPrimary and rural roads

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hThermal power development

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hUrban water supply and sanitation (large scale)

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hTransportation (airports, railways, roads)

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hUrban development (large scale)

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hManufacture, transportation and use of pesticides or other hazardous and/or toxic materials

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hProjects which pose serious accident risks

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hProjects with the potential for significant impact on the following sensitive areas: marine environment, groundwater, designated and proposed National Parks and Nature Reserves, and the atmosphere.

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hAny project or activity designated by the Minister

A detailed EIA study is normally unnecessary for projects which due to their scale, location or characteristics are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts.

(The wording of the legislation is not clear, and so in some cases there may be some uncertainty as to whether or not an EIS is required for a particular development or activity. In these situations, advice should be sought initially from the HSE adviser for your area. If there remains some uncertainty, MSE2 should then be contacted to provide clarification. Should the proposed development be of a potentially controversial nature, MSE2 should be contacted to advise on the need for any supporting documentation that supports the EIS).

The MRMEWR will decide in consultation with the applicant whether or not a detailed EIA study is required. The final decision rests with the MRMEWR.

(If a detailed EIA is required, the study will be scoped jointly by the MRMEWR and PDO. PDO will be responsible for conducting the EIA).

A formal EIA should include but not be limited to:

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 12 \hproject description

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 12 \hbaseline data

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 12 \hcomparison of alternatives and their impacts (negative or positive) on all aspects of the environment

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 12 \hproposed mitigation measures

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 12 \hrisk assessment

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 12 \hevaluation of the net effects of the development

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 12 \hproposed monitoring and follow-up activities

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 12 \hinter-agency coordination

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 12 \hconsultation with affected communities

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 12 \hclear and complete EIS document

Stage 3: Decision and Permit Stage:

Once completed, the MRMEWR will review the EIA and, if satisfied, will issue an environmental permit with conditions as necessary. The development must also be in conformity with the various Regulations/Ministerial Decisions, some of which require sub-permits/licences to the Environmental Permit and these must also be obtained by the applicant. (For clarification, seek advice initially from the HSE adviser for your area. If there remains some uncertainty, MSE2 should then be contacted).

Appendix B: Example of Register of Environmentally Significant Activities and EffectsSpecificationPDO ActivityEffectRisk LevelAsset Manager

PDO Specification to which the effect is relatedDescription of the activity giving rise to the hazardDescription of the effectLow, Medium, High or Extreme as determined from Risk Assessment MatrixReference indicator of the manager(s) responsible for the activity

Appendix C: Notes on Environmental Sensitivities in PDO's Concession Area and Other Areas of OperationThese notes are intended to give a general insight and awareness of the environmental sensitivities which might be encountered in the PDO concession area or in other areas of Oman where PDO has operations.

The notes are purely to provide background information. A detailed EA will require systematic gathering of accurate field data.

Operational Zones

For the purposes of the EA, the PDO operational area can be divided into nine separate Zones. They are as follows:

1.The Arabian Oryx Project Area;

2.Salalah/Jebel Qara;

3.Offshore Concession Areas and Mina al Fahal Port Area;

4.Marmul to South;

5.Main Oil and Gas Pipeline Routes;

6.West of Bahja/Saih Rawl/Yibal;

7.Umm as Samim;

8.East of Fahud/Natih to Panhandle; and

9.Remaining Concession Area

The zones are notable by their different characteristics and environmental sensitivities. A brief synopsis of these sensitivities follows:

Socio Economics and Land Use

The key impact issues can be grouped under four headings:

conflicts in land use

competing need for water

livestock and wildlife safety

nuisance, mainly from dust and litter

Conflicts in land use will occur and need to be recognised. There is little that can be done directly without affecting commercial priorities. Nomadic life is traditional in this part of the world. Freedom to roam and use wide areas of the country is a prerequisite of nomads. If nomadism is to be preserved as a lifestyle, then some measures may need to be considered in order to ensure that it is not put at risk unnecessarily by any proposed developments.

The need for livestock safety must be taken seriously and procedures instigated to ensure it. Livestock and nomadism are synonymous.

The need for water (potable and non-potable) is nationally perceived as a major issue. PDO produces and consumes quantities of both potable and non-potable groundwater. There is a need to ensure that the present level of usage or demand is not threatening national water resources. There is also a need to ensure continued access to established water points for the local citizens as a social and cultural obligation.

Nuisance from traffic and construction generated dust and roadside litter are issues, particularly in the vicinity of wadis and settlements. New developments should recognise these potential problems and appropriate control measures should be implemented.

Ecology

The PDO operational areas cover a wide range of ecological habitats with different degrees of ecological sensitivity and conservation importance. However, because of the inherent fragility of the desert environment, with many animals and plants living under conditions of severe temperature and water stress, damage is easily caused. As exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon reserves continue, so they will increasingly have more impact on the Interior. A conservation oriented approach to all PDO activities, new developments and restoration of old sites is essential to minimise these future impacts.

The degree of ecological impact is also affected by whether or not hydrocarbon reserves are actually proved and subsequently exploited. This leads to a much greater cumulative ecological impact through the large number and consequent higher density of well sites and production and support facilities which may be required. Ecological impacts in these circumstances can be cumulative, long-term and severe, especially if occurring in areas of conservation importance.

In areas where isolated wells are drilled and subsequently abandoned, direct impacts on the environment are relatively localised. PDO has already implemented environmental protection guidelines in two of its areas (the Arabian Oryx Project area and the Salalah/Jebel Qara area) aimed at minimising impacts. In the Salalah region, impacts upon the environment from PDO exploration well drilling have been minimal due to the rigorous implementation of mitigation measures.

Other than the development of oil reserves, the construction of graded roads and pipelines across PDOs operational area is probably the largest impact PDO has on the ecology. The scale and significance of these impacts and associated effects may be significant.

The potential impacts on land based ecology may be considered proportional to the area of land disturbed by a specific activity.

By contrast, the greatest potential impacts from coastal and offshore operations are those related to leakage or spillage of oil during exploration and production activities.

Archaeology

Oman is rich in archaeology and has the potential to make a contribution of importance to the understanding of both Southern Arabia and the Gulf Region. Paradoxically, relatively little archaeological research has been undertaken in the Near and Middle East. The archaeological remains of all periods are a fragile, non-renewable resource and are protected by law.

The evidence of past human activity can be easily destroyed by lack of awareness or consideration during development of a new project. Wherever possible the best practice is to preserve evidence or remains in situ. Where preservation is not possible and development is proposed which will have an impact on archaeology, best practice is to consider mitigation measures against criteria relating to the affected sites period, nature, extent, quality and rarity. The existing level of archaeological knowledge pertaining to PDOs operational area is too low for a coherent mitigation strategy to be formulated at either a general or site-specific level. New projects and developments may have to consider commissioning a program of archaeological data collection.

Geology

Omans geological heritage provides may sites and areas where classic geological and unique land features occur. At present, no guidelines exist to assist in identifying or ranking individual sites which may be affected by PDOs activities. The importance of specific geological features has only recently been considered in some areas of activity (e.g., seismic surveys). Because of the detailed knowledge of Omans geology held in PDO, it would be a relatively straightforward exercise to include a review of significant geological features into the EA process. A judgement could then be made on the need for any specific precautions which will be required.

Hydrology and Hydro-geology

Several PDO activities, notably drilling and production water disposal, may result in impacts upon water resources which are likely to be significant. Some residual impacts may occur and these are likely to be unavoidable even after adopting all possible mitigation.

Any techniques to reduce the amount of production water, such as down hole dewatering, should be considered since production water disposal is predicted to be PDOs major disposal issue in the forthcoming years.

Potable water from aquifers is a precious resource in Oman and any potential for contamination is a sensitive issue. It is most important to consult Exploration in all matters relating to hydrogeology and hydrology.

Air quality

Air quality effects associated with exploration and construction activities tend to be localised and transient in nature. The most significant impact usually results from the construction and use of access roads when large quantities of dust are generated. In areas remote from any settlements, this dust emission is unlikely to be a major impact.

Emissions from permanent plant such as large engines, gas turbines, flares, process plant and cold vents may have significant effects depending upon the proximity of local population or other sensitive receivers. There are methods by which emission rates can be estimated and modeled to predict the resultant ground level concentrations of major air pollutants (e.g., NOx, SOx, CO and hydrocarbons).

Emissions of greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2) are not significant in terms of local air quality effects. However, total emissions from these activities need to be considered and their significance evaluated on a national or regional basis. Sour gas emissions need careful assessment with respect to ground level concentration due to the extreme toxicity of H2S.

Noise and Vibration

Noise impacts are potentially significant but this is related solely to the presence of residential communities which are rare across most of the concession area. Where developments are planned near to urban areas, baseline noise surveys should be made.

An assessment of potential noise impact should then be undertaken. Site or project specific noise mitigation may be required in order to avoid future problems.

Traffic

The need to provide road access results in a number of environmental effects. A large network of roads has already been constructed throughout PDOs concession area and this network is being continually expanded to meet the needs of oil exploration and production.

Construction causes physical damage to the desert environment. In many areas this damage will be permanent. A potentially larger term impact, compounding that directly caused by PDO, arises through the build up of transport corridors and facilitating communication links between settlements which did not exist before the new road was built. Encroachment into sensitive areas may lead to conflicts with Omans conservation objectives.

Because of the largely negative environmental effects of road construction, it is important that due consideration is given to minimising these impacts through careful planning of routes.

Road building should be based upon creating the minimum infrastructure needed to satisfy operational requirements. The current policy of open access to roads in the Interior is liable to lead to conflicts with conservation interests and should be considered very carefully in new projects.

Soils

Desert soils are fragile and can be easily damaged during oil exploration and construction activities. The most effective means of minimising impacts is to restrict the need for new sites to be developed through maximising production from existing wells. This can be achieved through drilling techniques such as side track drilling which are already being used in PDO.

The nature of exploration and production activities means that there is considerable potential for localised soil contamination not only from crude oil but also from the use of chemicals, diesel etc. In addition, existing methods of sewage disposal at rig sites and camps have the potential to cause contamination.

Appendix D: Table of Activities with Potential Environmental HazardsThe activities listed below relate to EP 95-7000 EP Business Model Version 3 Flow Charts and Descriptions of Processes/Activities.

Items listed in italics are not specifically discussed in EP 95-7000, but are listed herein for completeness and clarity.

Level 1Level 2Level 3

Design, Construct, Modify or Abandon Well

Construct/Modify/Abandon Well Undertake Task(s)

Maintain Well Control

Prepare Site

Prepare for Well Handover

Restore Site

Design & Execute SurveyAcquire Survey Data Establish Control/Support Network

Execute Survey Programme

Restore Site

Design, Construct, Modify or Abandon FacilitiesConstruct and Pre-Commission Facilities Erect Facilities

Pre-Commission Facilities

Commission Facilities Commission Facilities

Perform Acceptance Testing

Abandon Facilities Demolish and Secure Facilities

Restore Site

Provide Goods and Services Establish Contract

Obtain Goods and Services(N.B. Consider procurement activities)

Store Goods Store Goods

Dispose of Goods Select Method of Disposal

Effect Disposal

Provide Logistics ServicesExecute Transport Operation Undertake Specific Land/Air/ Marine Journey

Execute Handling Operation

(N.B. Includes refuelling and bunkering, loading and unloading) Execute Specific Land/Air Marine Handling

Provide Human ResourcesProvide Staff Services

Provide Catering

Provide Office Services

Provide Medical Services

Provide Accommodation

Provide Potable Water

Locate potable water supplies

Deliver Potable Water

Provide Sanitary Sewers Treat Sanitary Effluent

Dispose of Sanitary Effluent

Provide IT ServicesProvide Operational IT Services

(N.B. Includes telephone, radio and data networks) Operate and Support IT Services and Infrastructure

Provide Laboratory ServicesPrepare for Analysis Take sample

Perform Analysis Perform Analysis

Evaluate Analysis Return, Store or Dispose of Sample

Operate Wells & FacilitiesPerform Well and Facility Operations

(N.B. Includes wells, beam pumps, pipelines and flowlines, gathering stations, production stations, and the terminal) Integrate in System

Start-up Wells and Facilities

Shut-down Wells and Facilities

Isolate from System

Configure Wells and Facilities

Measure/Report Production, Injection, Disposal

Transfer Custody of HCs

Provide Utility Water Locate Utility Water Supplies

Deliver Utility Water

Generate and Distribute Electricity

Operate Power Transmission Equipment

Operate Power Generation Equipment

Operate Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities

Operate Solid Non-Hazardous Waste Landfill

Operate Solid Hazardous Waste Landfill

Operate Liquid Hazardous Waste Landfill

Operate Landfarm

Operate Recycling Facilities

Operate Oily Sludge Pits

Provide Fire Fighting Capacity Test Fire Fighting Equipment

Operate Fire Fighting Equipment

Maintain Wells & FacilitiesPerform Maintenance, Inspection or Intervention Tasks Prepare Site

Undertake Tasks

Restore Site

Appendix E: Table of Environmental Hazards and Possible EffectsHazardPossible Effect

Gaseous emissions of methane (CH4)Global warming/atmospheric ozone increase

Gaseous emissions of sulfur oxides (SOx)Acid deposition, water and soil acidification

Gaseous emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx)Atmospheric ozone, acid deposition

Gaseous emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O)Global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion

Gaseous emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2)Global warming

Gaseous emissions of carbon monoxide (CO)Human health damage

Gaseous emissions of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)Human health damage, odour nuisance

Gaseous emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC)Atmospheric ozone increase, human health damage

Gaseous emissions of organic toxics (PAH, PCB)Human health damage, ecological damage

Emissions of fine particulate matterHuman health damage, soot deposition

Emissions of toxic metalsHuman health damage, ecological damage

Emissions of odorous compoundsNuisance

Emissions of radiationHuman health damage, ecological damage

Emissions of heatNuisance, ecological damage

Emissions of lightNuisance

Emissions of noise/vibrationNuisance

Emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)Global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion

Emissions of halonsGlobal warming, stratospheric ozone depletion

Spills and leaks of crude oil or distillatesEcological damage, biological damage

Emissions of dissolved organic compoundsEcological damage, biological damage, tainting of fish

Emissions of soluble heavy metalsEcological damage, biological damage through accumulation

Emissions of soluble saltsIncreased salinity, biological damage

Emissions of drilling mud/cuttings/chemicalsEcological damage, biological damage

Emissions of organic nutrients (NH4, PO4)Eutrophication

Emissions of suspended solidsEcological damage

Emissions of oil and grease (O/G)Ecological damage, biological damage

Emissions of hot/cold effluentEcological damage

Emissions of detergents/solvents/cleanersEutrophication, ecological damage, biological damage

Emissions of pathogensHuman health damage

Emissions of anoxic effluentEcological damage, biological damage

Land disposal of hazardous wastesEcological damage, biological damage

Land disposal of domestic wastesEcological damage, nuisance

Land take for operationsHabitat loss, ecological damage

Energy use for operationsLoss of resources

Volume of water usedLoss of resources

Volume of raw material useLoss of resources

Soil compaction from heavy vehiclesModification of hydrology

Appendix F: Hazards and Effects Assessment WorksheetDate:DD/MM/YYEvaluator/REF Ind.:Name/ID

Location of Hazard:MarmulPage:1 of 1

Hazard Identification

Activity:(Activity which gives rise to the hazard)

Hazard:(Short description of specific hazard)

Effect:(Effect which requires evaluation)

Details of Effect (cross out item which does not apply)

Beneficial / Adverse

Short Duration / Long Duration

Temporary / Permanent

Direct / Indirect

Localised / Strategic

Details of Magnitude: (Short description with any detail provided below)

Details of Control Methods Employed: (Short description with any detail provided below)

Emergency Response/Contingency Plan in Place? Yes/No

Relevant HSE Specification: (Identify if any)

Significance Evaluation

Details presented in paragraph form to include:

Data evaluated

Assumptions used

Reasoning applied

Risk Matrix

Conclusion

(Summary statement of the environmental risk associated with this hazard and effect)

Appendix G: Example Table of Contents for an Environmental Assessment ReportExecutive Summary

Background

Purpose

Scope

Description of Existing Activities

Product Flow Asset Team

Infrastructure Asset Team

OETS Asset Team

Well Engineering Asset Team

Geo-Solutions Asset Team

Computers & Communications Asset Team

Supply & Logistics Asset Team

Production Chemistry Asset Team

OETS Asset Team

Corporate HSE Asset Team

Existing Conditions

Geology and Geomorphology

Groundwater Hydrology and Quality

Surface Water Hydrology and Quality

Study Location and Geographical Context

Land Use

Transportation and Access

Utilities

Meteorology

Air Quality

Noise

Flora and Fauna

Visual Amenity

Environmental Impact Analysis

Emissions to Atmosphere

Aqueous Effluents

Accidental Releases to Land and Water

Use of Energy, Materials and Resources

Waste Management

Environmental Noise and Vibration

Flora and Fauna Protection

Site Preparation, Abandonment and Restoration

Conclusions

Recommendations

References

Appendices

Maps

Activity Screening List

Hazards and Effects Assessment Worksheets

List of Environmentally Significant Activities and Effects

Table List

Figures List

Appendix H: Glossary of Terms, Definitions & AbbreviationsAcute effectAn effect which occurs suddenly and in a short time following the exposure

ActivityWork carried out as part of a process characterised by a set of specific inputs and tasks that produce a set of outputs to meet customer requirements

Environmentsymbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hThe surroundings and conditions in which a company (e.g. PDO) operates or which it may affect, including living systems (human and other) therein.

Environmental assessmentA systematic process which provides a framework for gathering and documenting information and views regarding the environmental consequences of activities so that the importance of effects and the scope for enhancing, modifying of mitigating them can be properly assessed

Baseline conditionsA description of an existing situation, usually before development, which is used as the basis for subsequent monitoring.

Chronic effectThe effect caused by continuous or ongoing release and/or exposure to a hazard.

Effectsymbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hAdverse impingement on the health and safety of employees and/or the public

symbol 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \hA direct or indirect impingement of the activities products or services of PDO upon the environment, whether adverse or beneficial. In this context, the term "environmental effect" may be used, and is intended to convey the same meaning as "environmental impact" as defined in ISO 14001.

HazardThe potential to cause harm, including ill health and injury, damage to property, products or the environment; production losses or increased liabilities.

Element of PDO's activities, products or services that can interact with the environment. "Hazard" in this context is intended to convey the same meaning as "environmental aspect" as defined in ISO 14001.

HSE-critical activityActivities that have been identified by the Hazards and Effects Management Process as vital to ensure asset integrity, prevent incidents, and/or mitigate adverse HSE effects.

MayIndicates a possible course of action

RiskA term which combines the chance that a specified undesirable outcome will occur, and the consequences of that outcome.

ShallIndicates a course of action with a mandatory status

ShouldIndicates a recommended course of action

Significant HSE risk as evaluated as being extreme or high (ref. CP 131 Risk Management) in the Hazards and Effects Management process

Social Impact AssessmentA process which predicts the significant social consequences of an activity, evaluates alternative sites, techniques and technologies in terms of their social impact, and proposes changes and management solutions that will lead to the enhancement of positive effects and a reduction of adverse effects.

The following is a brief summary of the four most recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions prior to these are held on file by the Document Custodian.

Version No.DateAuthorScope / RemarksVersion 4.0Jan 09Maisoon Al RiyamiUpdate of organisational structure Version 3.0Jun 02G.T. Tan CSM/2Editorial changes. New format.Version 2.0Jan 99William Thiel, OMI/2Improve quality of figures; focus on new projects and existing activities; discuss scope and timing of environmental assessment for new activities; delete screening processes; delete ALARP figure; revise definition of significant in line with CP 122; delete Appendix C Screening Matrices; delete screening form; include new risk matrix per CP 131; add pro forma for register of environmentally significant activities and effects; add table of activities; add table of hazards and possible effects; add pro forma hazards and effects worksheet; add environmental assessment report pro forma Version 1.0Jun 98Joppe Cramwinckel, CSM2Original guideline

User Notes:

This document is a guideline only.

A controlled copy of the current version of this document is on PDO's EDMS. Before making reference to this document, it is the user's responsibility to ensure that any hard copy, or electronic copy, is current. For assistance, contact the Document Custodian.

This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise) without prior written consent of the owner.

Users are encouraged to participate in the ongoing improvement of this document by providing constructive feedback.

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT GUIDELINE

Environmental Assessment

DOCUMENT ID- GU 195

REVISION- 4.0

_978159597.doc

FIGURE 3 - DETAILED DESIGN

SCOPE OF WORK

RESOURCES &

CONTRACTING

PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

DELIVERABLES

PROCUREMENT

Bulk Materials

No

Yes

HAZOP/

ENVIRONMENTAL

ASSESSMENT

HAZOP report

PREPARE CONSTRUCTION

DOCUMENTS

T.A.

Approval

BUDGETS

Revise

P.E.P.

HSE Spec.

Requisitions

Standards

Variance Log

Project Scope

Change

Log

Variation to

Contract

EA Record

Construction

Scope of Work

DETAILED DESIGN

ENGINEERING

Design

Change?

No

Yes

Design

Review

Not OK

OK

PROCUREMENT

L.L. Materials

Vendor

Documents

AFC Drawings

Manuals (draft)

Commissioning

Operating

Maintenance

_1084349716.doc

FIGURE 2 FRONT END DESIGN

A.D.P.

RESOURCES

&

CONTRACTING

PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

DELIVERABLES

PROCUREMENT

HAZOP/ ENVIRONMENTAL

ASSESSMENT

Design

Change?

No

DEFINE SCOPE OF

NEXT PHASES

Management

Review

T.A.

Approval

BUDGETS

To

DETAILED

DESIGN

EIA/EIS

required?

Updated P.E.P.

HSE Spec.

Environmental

Permit Application

Form

Project Spec.

L.L. requisitions

Standards

Variance Log

Project Change

Proposal

EA Record

EIA/EIS

FRONT END

ENGINEERING

Env. permit

needed?

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

HAZOP Report

Environmental permit

FED DELIVERABLES

Yes

Yes

_978159408.ppt

EA SCOPE AND TIMING

when to conduct?

New/changed env. permit required?

EIA/EIS required?

screening process

EA management and organisation

CHARACTERISE BASELINE CONDITIONS

physical and chemical environment

biological environment

human environment

IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

predict magnitude

interpret significance

risk matrix

EVALUATE CONTROLS

RECORD PROCESS/RESULT

REVIEW AND CONSULTATION WITH INTERNAL

DEPARTMENTS AND MANAGEMENT

EXTERNAL CONSULTATION WITH INTEREST

GROUPS AND AUTHORITIES