Growth and production performance of tade mullet, Liza tade (Forsskal, 1775) at different stocking...

Growth and produc.on performance of tade mullet, Liza tade (Forsskal, 1775) at different

stocking density in .de fed brackishwater pond rearing systems in West Bengal

ICAR-‐ Central Ins.tute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, India

11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 1

Subhra Bikash BhaJacharyya,Tapas Kumar Ghoshal Jitendra Kumar Sundaray*

ü  Tade mullet-‐ One of the most preferred food fish in India & Bangladesh

ü  Grows up to 250 g in one year and about 1 kg in two years in tradi.onal polyculture system ü  Informa.on on growth and produc.on performance

in monoculture is scanty ü  Scarcity of informa.on on op.mum stocking density

for L. tade monoculture ü  System and species diversifica.on is need of hour

Background

11/4/14 2

Objec.ve

ü  To op.mize the stocking density for monoculture of Liza tade

q  The experiment-‐ Period of 240 days q  Experimental farm-‐ Ramkrishnachawk village,

Kakdwip, 24 Pgs (S), West Bengal, India q  Tade mullets-‐ Reared at 1 (D1), 2 (D2), and 3 (D3) fish/

m2 stocking densi.es with replica.on q  Ponds prepara.on-‐ Following standard procedure for

brackishwater fish culture

Materials and methods

11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 3 Contd….

q Stocking-‐Nursery reared tade fingerlings (4.20±0.91 g, 10.30±0.36 cm) q Feed-‐ Formulated floa.ng pellets @ 10-‐2% of

biomass (protein: 29.7%, fat: 4.9%) q Feeding-‐ Twice daily at 0800 and 1630 hrs q Aera.on (2 × 2 HP) was provided in each ponds

as follows: Days of culture Aerator run .me

Morning Evening 1 -‐ 60 0500 -‐ 0530 1500 -‐ 1530 61 -‐120 0500 -‐ 0540 1450 -‐ 1530 121 – 180 0500 -‐ 0550 1440 -‐ 1530 181 -‐ 240 0500 -‐ 0600 1430 -‐ 1530


q  Daily weight gain (DWG) was determined as: 𝑫𝑾𝑮= 𝑾↓𝒇 − 𝑾↓𝒊 /𝒕  q  Specific growth rate (SGR) was determined as: 𝑺𝑮𝑹= 𝐥𝐧 𝒘↓𝒇  − 𝒍𝒏𝒘↓𝒊   /𝒕 ×𝟏𝟎𝟎 q  Length-‐weight rela.onship was calculated as: 𝑾=𝒂. 𝑻𝑳↑𝒃  q  Condi.on factor (K) was determined using Fulton’s

condi.on equa.on as: 𝑲= 𝒘 /( 𝑻𝑳) ↑𝟑   × 𝟏𝟎↑𝟓 

𝑊↓𝑓  and 𝑊↓𝑖  are the average final and iniGal weight in Gme t

𝑊↓𝑓  and 𝑊↓𝑖  are the average final and iniGal weight in Gme t

W is fish weight (g), TL is total length (mm), a: proporGonality constant ,b: isometric exponent

𝑤  is the average weight (g) and 𝑇𝐿  is the average total length (mm)

Fish growth parameters


q  Feed conversion ra.o (FCR) was determined as: FCR = total feed intake/ total biomass produc.on q  Survival (Sr %) was determined as: Sr (%) = (number of fish harvested/ number of fish stocked) ×100 q  Coefficient of varia.on (CVhw) at harvest weight was

determined as: CVhw = mean standard devia.on of final weight/ mean final weight of fish q  Fish produc.vity (kg/ ha) was determined as: Pr (kg/ ha) = Stocking no (/ha)× ABW (kg) × Sr (%)

Fish produc.on parameters


q  Physico-‐chemical parameters – (APHA, 1998) o  Water temperature (⁰C) o  Salinity (ppt) o  pH o  Dissolved oxygen (DO, mg L-‐l) o  Nitrite-‐nitrogen (NO2-‐N, µg L-‐l) o  Nitrate-‐nitrogen (NO3-‐N, µg L-‐l) o  Ammonia-‐nitrogen (NH3-‐N, µg L-‐l) o  Phosphate-‐phosphorus (PO4-‐P, µg L-‐l)

q  Plankton samples collected monthly by filtering 50 L of water through bol.ng silk plankton net (mesh size 64 μm).

q  Quan.ta.ve & qualita.ve analysis -‐ Direct census method (Jhingran et al., 1969)

Water quality parameters


Highest growth was observed in D1 (225±10 g) followed by D2 (212±8 g) and D3 (167±10 g)

0

50

100

150

200

250

Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

Average Bo

dy W

eight (g)

Months

Growth of tade mullet in 1, 2 and 3 fish/ m2 stocking density

D1 D2 D3

0

50

100

150

200

250

D1 D2 D3

Average bo

dy weight (g)

Stocking density

Average body weight of tade mullet at harvest in1, 2 and 3 fish/

m2 stocking density

Results


0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

D1 D2 D3

Daily weight g

ain (g/ da

y)

Daily weight gain (DWG, g/ day) of tade mullet in 1, 2 and 3 fish/ m2

stocking density

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

D1 D2 D3

Specific g

rowth ra

te (%

/ da

y)

Specific growth rate (SGR, %/ day) of tade mullet in 1, 2 and 3 fish/ m2

stocking density

Daily weight gain and specific growth rate decreased with increasing stocking density


TL = 0.0075W3.08 R² = 0.98

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

5 15 25 35

Body weight (g)

Total length (cm)

D1 TL = 0.0056W3.01

R² = 0.96

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

5 15 25 35 Bo

dy weight (g)

Total length (cm)

D2 TL = 0.0085W2.92

R² = 0.97

0

50

100

150

200

250

5 15 25 35

Body weight (g)

Total length (cm)

D3

Tade mullet in D2 showed isometric growth (b=3.01), whereas fishes in D1 and D3 showed posi.ve allometric (b = 3.08) and nega.ve allometric (b=2.92) growth respec.vely Note: when the b parameter is equal to 3 growth is isometric and when it is less than or greater than 3 it is allometric (Enin, 1994). Woo[on (1992) was more specific and stated growth to be posiGve allometric when organism weight increases more than length (b<3), and negaGve allometric when length increases more than weight (b>3).

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

D1 D2 D3

Cond

i.on

factor (K)

Condi.on factor (K) of tade mullet in 1, 2 and 3 fish/ m2 stocking

density

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

D1 D2 D3

Survival (%

)

Survival (%) of tade mullet in 1, 2 and 3 fish/ m2 stocking density

Condi.on factor (K) and survival (%) reduced with increasing stocking density

11/4/14 11

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

D1 D2 D3

Feed

con

version ra.o

(FCR

) Feed conversion ra.o (FCR) of tade mullet reared in 1, 2 and 3 fish/ m2

stocking density

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

D1 D2 D3

Prod

uc.o

n (ton

/ ha

)

Produc.on (ton/ ha) of tade mullet reared in 1, 2 and 3 fish/ m2

stocking density

Feed conversion ra.o (FCR) and produc.on (ton/ ha) increased with increasing stocking density


Water quality parameters of Tade mullet (Liza tade) rearing ponds at 1 (D1), 2 (D2) and 3 (D3) fish/ m2 stocking density

Water parameters D1 D2 D3 Water temperature (ºC) 29.9±1.7 29.9±1.7 29.7±1.9 pH 8.0±0.2a 7.9±0.2a 7.7±0.3b DO (mg L-‐1) 6.0±0.4a 5.9±0.5a 5.6±0.5b Salinity (ppt) 16.8±5.3 16.7±5.3 16.8±5.1 NO2-‐N (µg L-‐l) 36.7±3.8c 41.6±5.6b 54.7±6.6a NO3-‐N (µg L-‐l) 194.1±15.4c 211.4±11.1b 279.7±8.9a NH4-‐N (µg L-‐l) 175.1±14.6b 179.1±17.9b 254.8±36.2a PO4-‐P (µg L-‐l) 182.6±16.4a 169.1±8.9b 127.6±12.7c Phytoplankton (nos L-‐1 ×103) 17.2±1.2a 15.1±0.9b 12.5±0.7c Zooplankton (nos L-‐1 ×103) 3.7±0.2a 3.1±0.2b 2.8±0.1c Means bearing different superscripts indicate sta.s.cally significant differences in a row

(p<0.05); Values are expressed as mean ± SE of three replicate ponds.

NO3-‐N, NO2-‐N and NH4-‐N increased and DO, pH, PO4-‐P and plankton popula.on decreased with increasing stocking density


14 Economic analysis revealed higher B: C ra.o in treatment D2

Currency men.oned is Indian Rupee (100 INR=1.67 US$). Item QuanGty/ ha Rate (Rs) D1 D2 D3 Opera.onal cost (OC) T a d e m u l l e t fingerlings

10000, 20000 and 30000 D1, D2 and D3

5 fingerling-‐1 50000 100000 150000

Manure 250 kg 20 kg-‐1 5000 5000 5000 Lime 3000 kg 6 kg-‐1 18000 18000 18000 Feed 2982, 6303 and 7825

kg in D1, D2 and D3 35 kg-‐1 104385 220605 273875

Labour 140, 160 and180 man-‐days in D1, D2 and D3

250 man-‐day-‐1 35000 40000 45000

Sub total 212385 383605 491875 Interest on OC (8 months)

Annual-‐12 % 16991 30695 39350

Total OC 229376 414300 531225 Economic return Tade mullet sale 1977, 3708 and 4309

kg from D1, D2 and D3 210, 200 and 180 from D1, D2 and D3

415170 741600 775620

Gross return 185794 327300 244395 Benefit cost (B:C) ra.o 1.81 1.97 1.46

Comparison of economic parameters among treatments

Conclusion


•  The results demonstrate the feasibility of system diversifica.on with tade mullet farming

•  Decrease in growth parameters at higher densi.es is probably due to crowding

•  Economic analysis revealed highest benefit cost ra.o of 1.97: 1 with 2 fish/ m2 stocking density

•  Stocking density of 3 fish/ m2 resulted a produc.on up to 4 tons/ ha in 8 months

THANK YOU ALL

11/4/14 GROW FISH-‐ GROW WITH FISH 16

Growth and production performance of tade mullet, Liza tade (Forsskal, 1775) at different stocking...

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