Grow Your Own, Nevada! Fall 2011: Growing Fruits and Berries
Grow Your Own, Nevada! Fall 2011: Getting Started!
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Transcript of Grow Your Own, Nevada! Fall 2011: Getting Started!
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Getting Started With a Vegetable Garden!
Heidi Kratsch,University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
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Let’s go!
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Cole crops (Brassica) – cabbage, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kohlrabi, mustard
Cucurbits – cucumber, cantaloupe, watermelon, pumpkin
Solanaceous crops – potato, tomato, pepper, eggplant
Root vegetables – beets, carrots, radish, rutabaga, sweet potato
Classification of vegetable crops
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Cool-season vegetables – prefer daytime temperatures 15-18°C (60-65°F)◦ Spinach, cabbage, broccoli, radish, beet,
asparagus, garlic, brussels sprouts (frost tolerant)◦ Lettuce, celery, artichoke, endive, mustard, carrot
(damaged by temps near freezing) Warm-season vegetables – must be planted
after danger of frost has passed◦ Sweet corn, pepper, snap beans, squash,
pumpkin, lima beans, cucumber, tomato, cantaloupe
Warm- vs. cool-season
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Frost free period◦ Calculated from date
of last spring frost to date of first fall frost
Days to maturity◦ Seed to harvest◦ Differs by cultivar
Frost-tolerance
Cultivar selection
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Cultivar = cultivated variety
Examples:◦ ‘Early Girl’ tomatoes◦ ‘Sugar Ann’ snap
peas◦ ‘Buttercrunch’
lettuce◦ ‘Royal burgundy’
bush beans
What is a “cultivar”?
Cultivars are varieties within a crop selected for a particular characteristic.
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Frost-free maphttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/freezefrost/frostfreemaps.html
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Tonopah: 110 -155 Fallon: 105 -130 Reno/Carson: 90-
120 Elko: 60 -90 Ely: 55 -85 Wells: 40 -70
Frost-free days for N. Nevada
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Check ‘days to maturity’ against the frost-free period for your region
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EARLY SPRING LATE SPRING/EARLY SUMMER
Late summer
HARDY SEMI-HARDY TENDER VERY TENDER
HARDY
AsparagusBroccoliBrussels sproutsCabbageKaleOnionsPeasRadishRhubarbSpinachTurnip
BeetCarrotCauliflowerEndiveLettuceParsleyParsnipPotatoSalsifySwiss chard
CeleryCucumberDry beanSnap beanNew Zealand spinach Sweet cornZucchini
Cantaloupe EggplantLima beanPepperPumpkin TomatoWatermelonWinter squash
BeetsCabbageKaleLettuceOnion RadishRutabagaSpinachTurnip
Average planting times for N. Nevada
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Sunlight – avoid trees
Good soil – sandy loam is best
Source of water Avoid steep slopes Protection from
strong wind
Selecting a site
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South, east, west exposure
Afternoon shade will protect sensitive fruits in a western exposure.
Eastern exposure – sunlight less intense (6 hours minimum)
Sunlight
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Must be accessible Hose dragging can
pull up or damage plants.
May need more than one water source.
Source of water
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Planting on slopes
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Planting on slopes
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Terraced gardens
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Wind
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Wind protection Ideal is 50%
permeable. Should be as long
as possible. Windbreaks
meeting at right angles give maximum protection against shifting winds.
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Three-season gardening
Relaying: overlapping planting of one crop
Planting several varieties of the same crop
Succession planting
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Early Spring (March 15): cool season veggies
Summer – late May / early June: warm season veggies
Fall – August: cool season veggies (again)
Three seasons for crop growth
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Allows dense plantings.
Avoids competition for nutrients and light.
Simple schemes:◦ Onions, lettuce, carrots◦ Radishes, lettuce,
peppers◦ Brussels sprouts,
parsley, spinach, onions
Interplanting
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Three Sisters Method:
Relies on complementary characteristics:◦ Corn is a heavy feeder
but provides a trellis for
◦ Beans, which fix N for corn and
◦ Squash, which shades the ground
Interplanting
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Plant polycultures. Interplant herbs
and flowers. Provide refuge for
beneficial insects. Use least toxic
methods to control pests.
Know your weeds.
Companion planting guidelines
Cleome serrulata
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Plant: Basil Marigold Garlic Mint Onion Radish Rosemary Tansy
Repels: Flies/mosquitoes Many insects Many pests Cabbage moths Ants Many insects Bean beetles Beetles
Companion planting example
Source: Horticulture Principles and Practices, 4th ed., G. Acquaah, Pearson Education, NJ
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Vegetable garden design
A example of a 4-foot by 8-foot raised bed design
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What’s the problem here?
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Formal garden design
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From seed indoors:◦ Sterile “soil” – fine◦ Plant 2-3x the width
of the seed.◦ Label!◦ Use mist to water◦ Cover until they
begin to germinate.◦ Artificial vs. natural
light◦ Heat: 60-75 deg F
Starting your plants
Seedlings in egg carton
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Thinning seedlings
Starting your plants
Thinning arugula seedlings
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Starting from transplants:◦ Tomatoes, peppers,
cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, eggplant
◦ Earlier harvest, esp. for short growing seasons
Starting your plants
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Gradual introduction to more intense sunlight and cooler temperatures
Hardening off seedlings
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Planting your seedlings
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Good varieties for Northern Nevada
Our favorites…
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Heirloom variety Fast growing - 3
weeks Mild taste Can be grown
successfully indoors or out – even in the shade.
Radish ‘Cherry Belle’
Days to maturity 20-25 days
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Heirloom Takes full sun to
part shade Dark green leaves Cool-season
spinach
Spinach ‘Bloomsdale’
Days to maturity 45-55 days
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3 to 4 inches long Sweet and tender Children like the
smaller size
Carrot ‘Little Finger’
Days to maturity 65 day
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Beans (bush and pole) - heirloom
‘Royal Burgundy’ (bush) ‘Kentucky Wonder (pole)
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1963 “All-American Selection” winner
More heat-tolerant than other varieties
Butterhead variety
Lettuce ‘Buttercrunch’
Days to maturity 65 days
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Heirloom introduced in the 1950s
Not picky about soil or climate
Produces 7-inch ears
Exceptionally early
Corn ‘Golden Beauty’
Days to maturity 70 days
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Heirloom variety 5 to 8 inches in
diameter Great for baking Earlier harvest
than most winter squashes
Winter Squash ‘Acorn Table Queen’
Days to maturity 80 days
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Tomato
‘Marglobe’ ‘Red Cherry’ heirloom
Days to maturity 75 daysDays to maturity 78 days
Crack-resistant Easy to grow
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www.edenbrothers.com www.seedsofchange.com www.seedsavers.org Local garden centers/nurseries
Sources for Seed