GROUPS and TEAMS Roger Dhesi Roger Dhesi Niels Bauer Niels Bauer Yan Huang Yan Huang Derek Sullivan...
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Transcript of GROUPS and TEAMS Roger Dhesi Roger Dhesi Niels Bauer Niels Bauer Yan Huang Yan Huang Derek Sullivan...
GROUPS and TEAMSGROUPS and TEAMS
Roger DhesiRoger Dhesi Niels BauerNiels Bauer Yan HuangYan Huang Derek SullivanDerek Sullivan Vick MannVick Mann
ObjectivesObjectives
Define and discuss group dynamics:Define and discuss group dynamics: Why are groups & teams important?Why are groups & teams important? GroupsGroups
– Types of groupsTypes of groups– How do groups formHow do groups form– Why people join groupsWhy people join groups– Influence of Groups on IndividualsInfluence of Groups on Individuals
TeamsTeams– Groups vs. TeamsGroups vs. Teams– Turning Individuals into Team PlayersTurning Individuals into Team Players– Virtual TeamsVirtual Teams
GroupsGroups
Group – two or Group – two or more individuals, more individuals, interacting and interacting and interdependent, interdependent, who have come who have come together to together to achieve particular achieve particular objectives.objectives.
Groups - TypesGroups - Types
Formal GroupsFormal Groups– CommandCommand– TaskTask
Informal GroupsInformal Groups– InterestInterest– FriendshipFriendship
Groups - FormationGroups - Formation
Stages of Group Stages of Group DevelopmentDevelopment– FormingForming– StormingStorming– NormingNorming– PerformingPerforming– AdjourningAdjourning
Groups – Why Join?Groups – Why Join?
Why People Join GroupsWhy People Join Groups– SecuritySecurity– StatusStatus– Self-esteemSelf-esteem– AffiliationAffiliation– PowerPower– Goal AchievementGoal Achievement
Influence of GroupsInfluence of Groups
The presence of others strongly The presence of others strongly influences individual behavior.influences individual behavior.
Conversely, the behavior of Conversely, the behavior of individuals is affected by being part individuals is affected by being part of a group.of a group.
Business requires groups, therefore Business requires groups, therefore how groups work influences how how groups work influences how individuals behave and work.individuals behave and work.
Influence of GroupsInfluence of Groups
Patterns of Patterns of Behavior in Behavior in GroupsGroups– Social StrivingSocial Striving– Social LoafingSocial Loafing– Social FacilitationSocial Facilitation– De-individuationDe-individuation
Influence of GroupsInfluence of Groups
Social StrivingSocial Striving– People work People work
harder when they harder when they are in groups, are in groups, then when they then when they are alone.are alone.
Influence of GroupsInfluence of Groups
Social LoafingSocial Loafing– People tend to expend People tend to expend less effort on group less effort on group tasks then when tasks then when performing the same performing the same task alone.task alone.
Influence of GroupsInfluence of Groups
Social FacilitationSocial Facilitation– The presence of The presence of
others can others can enhance an enhance an individual’s individual’s performance for performance for simple or well simple or well rehearsed tasks.rehearsed tasks.
Influence of GroupsInfluence of Groups
De-individuationDe-individuation– This pattern happens This pattern happens
when you have the when you have the increased desire to increased desire to please management please management with the diffusion of with the diffusion of responsibility from social responsibility from social loafing.loafing.
Groups vs. TeamsGroups vs. Teams
Group – interacts to share Group – interacts to share information and make decisions to information and make decisions to help each group member perform help each group member perform his or her area of responsibility.his or her area of responsibility.
Team – Team – a group whose individual a group whose individual efforts result in a performance efforts result in a performance that is greater than the sum of the that is greater than the sum of the individual inputsindividual inputs
Groups vs. TeamsGroups vs. Teams
GroupsGroups– Strong leaderStrong leader– Individual Individual
accountabilityaccountability
– Organizational purposeOrganizational purpose– Individual work Individual work
productsproducts– Efficient meetingsEfficient meetings– Delegates workDelegates work– Random and varied Random and varied
skillsskills
TeamsTeams– Shared leadershipShared leadership– Individual and mutual Individual and mutual
accountabilityaccountability– Specific team purposeSpecific team purpose– Collective work Collective work
productsproducts– Open-ended meetingsOpen-ended meetings– Does real work Does real work
togethertogether– Complementary skillsComplementary skills
Groups vs. TeamsGroups vs. Teams
Swim “Team” - Is this a group or a Swim “Team” - Is this a group or a team?team?
Team PlayersTeam Players
Turning individuals into team playersTurning individuals into team players
Example:Example:– Sacramento City Sacramento City
College BaseballCollege Baseball– Derek Sullivan, Derek Sullivan,
Assistant CoachAssistant Coach
Team PlayersTeam Players
RecruitingRecruiting– Involves selling players on Involves selling players on
what the program can do for what the program can do for them (scholarships, them (scholarships, professional contracts, etc).professional contracts, etc).
– Is an individual focus on Is an individual focus on personal development personal development (telling players to be selfish).(telling players to be selfish).
– Tends to de-emphasize Tends to de-emphasize “TEAM” and their obligations “TEAM” and their obligations to the program (sacrifice, to the program (sacrifice, patience, and winning)patience, and winning)
Team PlayersTeam Players
The “Challenge”The “Challenge”– Convincing players that Convincing players that
their individual their individual sacrifices are good for sacrifices are good for the program and WILL the program and WILL pay off individually at pay off individually at the endthe end(for everyone).(for everyone).
Virtual TeamsVirtual Teams
Virtual Teams:Virtual Teams:
What are theirWhat are their
Characteristics andCharacteristics and
Impact on Team Performance?Impact on Team Performance?Sze-Sze Wang and Richard BurtonSze-Sze Wang and Richard Burton
Computational and Mathematical Organization Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory 6; Theory 6; 339-360, 2000.339-360, 2000.
Virtual TeamsVirtual Teams
Virtual team characterized by Virtual team characterized by members:members:– Physically dispersedPhysically dispersed– Culturally differentiatedCulturally differentiated– Organizationally differentiatedOrganizationally differentiated
Communication must transcend:Communication must transcend:– SpaceSpace– TimeTime– CultureCulture
Virtual TeamsVirtual Teams
Characteristics of virtual teamsCharacteristics of virtual teams– Context = little history, novel tasks, Context = little history, novel tasks,
physically distributedphysically distributed– Composition = heterogeneous Composition = heterogeneous
culture and organizational culture and organizational backgroundsbackgrounds
– Structure = relationships are lateral Structure = relationships are lateral but weakbut weak
Virtual Teams - Virtual Teams - FindingsFindings For teams physically distributed and For teams physically distributed and
engaged in novel tasks, ease of engaged in novel tasks, ease of communication and “routine-ness” of communication and “routine-ness” of tasks leas to higher performance.tasks leas to higher performance.
For teams culturally and For teams culturally and organization-ally diverse, organization-ally diverse, clarification of roles and a common clarification of roles and a common team culture lead to higher team culture lead to higher performance.performance.
Virtual Teams - Virtual Teams - FindingsFindings For teams physically distributed and For teams physically distributed and
performing novel tasks, lateral performing novel tasks, lateral communication between weakly tied communication between weakly tied team members improves team members improves performance.performance.
For teams culturally and For teams culturally and organizationally diverse, lateral organizationally diverse, lateral communication between weakly tied communication between weakly tied members improves performance.members improves performance.