Groundwater/Surface Water Assessment Work Plan€¦ · GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT WORK...
Transcript of Groundwater/Surface Water Assessment Work Plan€¦ · GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT WORK...
September 2017
SOUTHWESTERN LANDFILL PROPOSAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Groundwater/Surface Water Assessment Work Plan
FIN
AL
REP
OR
T
Report Number: 1664706-R01
Distribution:
2 Copies - Walker Environmental Group
1 e-Copy - Golder Associates Ltd.
Submitted to:Mr. Darren Fry Walker Industries 160 Carnegie Street Ingersoll, Ontario N5C 4A8
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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................................ 1
3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CRITERIA .................................................................................................... 1
4.0 STUDY DURATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 3
5.0 STUDY AREAS ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
6.0 INDICATORS/MEASURES .................................................................................................................................... 8
7.0 ASSUMPTIONS ................................................................................................................................................... 10
7.1 Facility Characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 10
7.2 Land Use Forecast ................................................................................................................................. 11
7.3 Climate Change ...................................................................................................................................... 11
8.0 DATA COLLECTION ........................................................................................................................................... 12
8.1 Background Data Collection ................................................................................................................... 12
8.2 Field Data Collection ............................................................................................................................... 13
9.0 DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................ 17
10.0 REPORTING ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
11.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
12.0 CONTACT INFORMATION ................................................................................................................................. 22
FIGURES
Figure 1: Proposed Borehole/Monitoring Well Location Plan
Figure 2A: Schematic Sketches of Boreholes/Monitoring Wells (Locations 1 and 2)
Figure 2B: Schematic Sketches of Boreholes/Monitoring Wells (Locations 3 and 4)
Figure 2C: Schematic Sketches of Boreholes/Monitoring Wells (Locations 5 and 6)
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Environmental Assessment Criteria and Studies
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Walker Environmental Group (“Walker”) is preparing an Environmental Assessment (EA) for the “provision of future
waste landfill capacity at the Carmeuse Lime (Canada) site in Oxford County for solid, non-hazardous waste
generated in the Province of Ontario”. Figure 1 shows the proposed site location.
On March 17, 2016 the Minister of the Environment issued the Notice of Approval to Walker for its Southwestern
Landfill Terms of Reference, subject to fifteen further Amendments. Walker published a consolidated version,
including these further amendments, under the title “Approved Amended Terms of Reference” (May 10, 2016).
Section 8.2 of that document details the approved methodology for evaluating the environmental effects of the
proposed landfill, while Appendix B identifies the associated technical studies that are required; this work plan
specifically addresses the groundwater/surface water components of the EA.
2.0 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to complete a groundwater and surface water assessment of the landfill proposed by
Walker.
The objectives of the study are listed below, in accordance with the requirements of Section 8.2 of the Approved
Amended Terms of Reference:
a) Describe the environment potentially affected by the proposed undertaking, including both the existing
environment as well as the environment that would otherwise be likely to exist in the future without the
proposed undertaking.
b) Carry out an evaluation of the environmental effects of the proposed undertaking, using the environmental
assessment criteria described in Appendix A.
c) Carry out an evaluation of any additional impact management actions that may be necessary to prevent,
change or mitigate any (negative) environmental effects.
d) Prepare a description and evaluation of the environmental advantages and disadvantages of the proposed
undertaking, based on the net environmental effects that will result following mitigation.
e) Prepare monitoring, contingency and impact management plans to remedy the environmental effects of the
proposed undertaking.
3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CRITERIA Appendix A contains a complete list and detailed descriptions of the approved environmental assessment criteria
that are to be used in this EA.
From that list, the following are the primary environmental assessment criteria that are to be addressed in the
groundwater and surface water assessment, along with examples of related issues heard by Walker during the
public consultation about the proposal:
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Environmental Criteria Issue(s) Raised Through Public Consultation
Effects due to contact with contaminated groundwater
or surface water Groundwater Contamination
Surface Water Contamination
Waterborne Pathogens/Toxins
Explosive hazard due to combustible gas
accumulation in confined spaces Proximity to Residential Properties
Flood and erosion hazard Impacts to Water Supply/Levels/Flows
Water Drainage on-site
Land Erosion
Loss/displacement of surface water resources Impacts to Water Supply/Levels/Flows
Impact on the availability of groundwater supply to
wells Impacts to Water Supply/Levels/Flows
Effects on stream baseflow quantity/quality Impacts to Water Supply/Levels/Flows
Impacts to Aquatic Species/Wildlife/Birds
Impacts to Aquatic Habitat
Impacts on Wetlands
Furthermore, this study is also designed to provide key input/data to other environmental criteria that will be
addressed through studies conducted by other experts. These criteria include:
Environmental Criteria Issue(s) Raised Through Public Consultation
Primary Expert
Property value impacts Impacts on Property Values Economic/Financial
Public costs for indirect liabilities Economic/Financial
Loss/disturbance of terrestrial
ecosystems
Impacts to Wildlife/Birds
Impacts to Terrestrial Habitat
Impacts on Wetlands
Ecology
Loss/disturbance of aquatic
ecosystems
Impacts on Fish/Aquatic Habitat
Impacts on Wetlands
Ecology
Disruption of farm operations Impacts on Agriculture Agriculture
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It should be noted that the above list is not a complete list of the criteria and experts that may use the findings of
the Groundwater and Surface Water Assessment. Golder will make our findings available to all experts for use in
evaluating any environmental criteria the individual experts determine as necessary.
4.0 STUDY DURATIONS For each of the primary criteria to be addressed in this study, two durations (or time frames) will be considered in
which potential environmental effects can occur:
Operational Period
The time during which the waste disposal facility is constructed, filled with waste, and capped. These activities are combined since they occur progressively (i.e., overlap) on a cell-by-cell basis, and they have a similar range of potential effects (e.g., there is heavy equipment active on the site).
Post-Closure Period The time after the site is closed to waste receipt. Activities are normally limited to operation of control systems, routine property maintenance and monitoring, and thus have a more limited range of potential effects.
Table A1 appended to this work plan identifies the study duration associated with each of the criteria.
Specifically, for the groundwater and surface water assessment, the study durations to be considered for each of
the primary assessment criteria are summarized below.
EA Criteria Associated Study Duration Rationale
Effects due to contact with contaminated groundwater or surface water
Operational Period
Post-Closure Period
Contaminants associated with a waste
disposal site are generated within the
waste for the contaminating lifespan of
the waste disposal facility. The
contaminating lifespan generally carries
through the operational period and post-
closure period. These contaminants have
the potential to seep into the groundwater
or surface water and could pose a public
health concern.
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EA Criteria Associated Study Duration Rationale
Explosive hazard due to combustible gas accumulation in confined spaces
Operational Period
Post-Closure Period
Gas produced within a waste disposal
facility (e.g. methane), while operational
and/or post-closure, can move through
the ground and accumulate in confined
spaces (e.g. manholes, basements) on or
immediately adjacent to the waste
disposal facility. There is potential for the
gas to combust, creating an explosion
and fire hazard.
Flood and erosion hazard Operational Period
Post-Closure Period
The construction and closure of a waste
disposal facility can disrupt natural
surface water drainage patterns, causing
a potential for increased flooding and
erosion.
Loss/displacement of surface water resources
Operational Period
Construction of a waste disposal facility
may cause the removal of all or part of a
natural stream or pond and affect stream
baseflows.
Impact on the availability of groundwater supply to wells
Operational Period
Post-Closure Period
A waste disposal facility can impact the
availability of groundwater supply if
groundwater is pumped from aquifers or
if recharge to aquifers is reduced. This
can occur during both the operational
and post-closure periods.
Effects on stream baseflow quantity/quality
Operational Period
Post-Closure Period
The presence of a waste disposal facility
has the potential to affect the quality or
quantity of baseflow to surface water.
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5.0 STUDY AREAS Table A1 in Appendix A identifies three general study areas:
On-Site and in the Site Vicinity
On-site includes the waste disposal facility plus the associated buffer zones. Site vicinity is the area immediately
adjacent to the waste disposal facility property that is directly affected by the on-site activities. Its size will be
variable and flexible in order to encompass the actual extent of the effects, but could consist of neighbouring
properties and/or communities as needs be.
Along the Haul Routes
The primary route along which waste disposal facility truck traffic moves between a major provincial highway and
the waste disposal facility site entrance, plus the properties directly adjacent to these roads.
Wider Area
The broader wider area is generally beyond the immediate site vicinity. Depending on the particular criterion this
may include neighbourhoods, local municipalities, Oxford County, or the Province. This study area can also be
used for some of the general or indirect effects of a landfill that are not resulting from specific physical activities
on the site.
Table A1 indicates the relevant study areas that will be examined for each of the criteria.
These study areas are not intended to be fixed. Flexibility is available to expand or focus study areas, depending
on the study findings. The boundaries of the study areas will reflect the limits of the groundwater flow domain
and/or the limits of any potential effects of the proposed undertaking on groundwater or surface water flow, quantity
and/or quality.
For the purposes of this groundwater and surface water assessment, the initial estimate of the study areas based
on experience with the existing Carmeuse Lime (Canada) Limited site, and other landfills, is as follows:
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EA Criteria Associated Study Areas Rationale
Effects due to contact with contaminated groundwater or surface water
On-Site and Site Vicinity - The On-Site study
area includes the existing Carmeuse Lime
(Canada) Limited site and the landfill buffer
zones. The Site Vicinity also includes the local
area where surface water discharge from the
Site is currently permitted (i.e. the Thames
River and local tributaries) and where the
groundwater may potentially be drawn down to
below existing water levels, the existing and
proposed activities at the Site (i.e. quarrying).
Contaminants associated with a
waste disposal site can enter the
groundwater or surface water and
impact off-site groundwater or
surface water.
Explosive hazard due to combustible gas accumulation in confined spaces
On-Site and Site Vicinity – The On-Site study
area includes the existing Carmeuse Lime
(Canada) Limited site and the landfill buffer
zones. The Site Vicinity also includes the local
area extending about 500 metres (m) in all
directions.
Gas produced within a waste
disposal facility can move through
the ground and accumulate in
confined spaces on or
immediately adjacent to the waste
disposal facility.
Flood and erosion hazard
On-Site and Site Vicinity - The On-Site study
area includes the existing Carmeuse Lime
(Canada) Limited site and the landfill buffer
zones and perimeter ditches. The Site Vicinity
also includes the local area where surface
water discharge from the Site is currently
permitted (i.e. the Thames River and local
tributaries).
The construction and closure of a
waste disposal facility can disrupt
natural surface water drainage
patterns, causing a potential for
increased flooding and erosion.
Loss/ displacement of surface water resources
On-Site and Site Vicinity - The On-Site study
area includes the existing Carmeuse Lime
(Canada) Limited site and the landfill buffer
zones. The Site Vicinity also includes the local
area where surface water discharge from the
Site is currently permitted (i.e. the Thames
River and local tributaries) and where the
groundwater may potentially be drawn down to
below existing water levels, due to the existing
and proposed activities at the Site (i.e.
quarrying).
Construction of a waste disposal
facility may cause the removal of
all or part of a natural stream or
pond or affect stream baseflows.
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EA Criteria Associated Study Areas Rationale
Impact on the availability of groundwater supply to wells
On-Site and Site Vicinity - The On-Site study
area includes the existing Carmeuse Lime
(Canada) Limited site and the landfill buffer
zones. The Site Vicinity also includes the local
area where surface water discharge from the
Site is currently permitted (i.e. the Thames
River and local tributaries) and where the
groundwater may potentially be drawn down to
below existing water levels, due to the existing
and proposed activities at the Site (i.e.
quarrying).
A waste disposal facility can
impact the availability of
groundwater supply if
groundwater is pumped from
aquifers or if recharge to aquifers
is reduced.
Effects on stream baseflow quantity/quality
On-Site and Site Vicinity - The On-Site study
area includes the existing Carmeuse Lime
(Canada) Limited site and the landfill buffer
zones. The Site Vicinity also includes the local
area where surface water discharge from the
Site is currently permitted (i.e. the Thames
River and local tributaries) and where the
groundwater may potentially be drawn down to
below existing water levels, due to the existing
and proposed activities at the Site (i.e.
quarrying).
The presence of a waste disposal
facility has the potential to affect
the quality or quantity of baseflow
to surface water.
The proposed study areas for this assessment are illustrated in Figure 1
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6.0 INDICATORS/MEASURES Indicators identify how the potential environmental effects will be measured for each criterion. Following are the
indicators that are proposed for each of the primary EA criteria to be addressed in this assessment:
EA Criteria Proposed Indicators / Measures
Effects due to contact with contaminated groundwater or surface water
Ontario Regulation 347 General – Waste Management (as
amended).
Ontario Regulation 232/98 Landfilling Sites (as amended).
Safe Drinking Water Act, 2002, Ontario Regulation 169/03
Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standards.
Water Management – Policies, Guidelines and Provincial
Water Quality Objectives” (Guideline B-1-3).
Guideline B-7 Incorporation of the Reasonable Use
Concept into MOEE Groundwater Management Activities.
Guideline B-7-1 Determination of Contaminant Limits and
Attenuation Zones.
Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines, Canadian
Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME).
Ontario Regulation 153/04 (as amended) and its
associated “rationale” documents.
Explosive hazard due to combustible gas accumulation in confined spaces
Ontario Regulation 347, General – Waste Management (as
amended).
Ontario Regulation 232/98, Landfilling Sites (as amended).
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EA Criteria Proposed Indicators / Measures
Flood and erosion hazard
Ontario Regulation 232/98, Landfilling Sites (as amended).
Ontario Regulation 166/06 - Development, Interference
with Wetlands and Alterations to Shorelines and
Watercourses.
Technical Guide: River and Stream System Flooding
Hazard Limits – Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
(OMNR), 2002.
Technical Guide: River and Stream System Erosion Hazard
Limits, OMNR, 2002
Environmental Planning Policy Manual for UTRCA, June
2006.
UTRCA Regulation Limit (O. Reg 157/06).
Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual
(Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change
(MOECC), March 2003)
Loss/displacement of surface water resources
Ontario Regulation 347, General – Waste Management (as
amended).
Ontario Regulation 232/98, Landfilling Sites (as amended).
Ontario Regulation 166/06 - Development, Interference
with Wetlands and Alterations to Shorelines and
Watercourses.
Applicable Regulations under the Ontario Conservation
Authorities Act.
Effects on stream baseflow quantity/quality
Sections 53 and 34 of the Ontario Water Resources Act
(OWRA)
Environmental Protection Act (EPA).
Guide to Permit to Take Water Application (2007)
Water Taking Regulation O. Reg. 387/04.
Appropriate water quality guidelines (e.g. PWQO or CCME)
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EA Criteria Proposed Indicators / Measures
Impact on the availability of groundwater supply to wells
Ontario Water Resources Act (OWRA).
Water Taking Regulation O. Reg. 387/04.
Environmental Protection Act (EPA).
7.0 ASSUMPTIONS
7.1 Facility Characteristics Walker has provided an initial set of working assumptions regarding the design and operations of the proposed
landfill (Facility Characteristics Report; November, 2016). The following key assumptions are drawn from that
report for the purposes of this study:
Groundwater
A buffer area ranging in width from 30 to 150 m will surround the waste fill area.
The height of the waste mound, above surrounding grade, will be approximately 15 m at its highest point.
The waste fill area will average approximately 32.85 m thick; depth below grade will range between 30 and
40 m and depth below the bedrock/overburden interface will range between 10 and 20 m.
The landfill liner system will be a Generic Design Option II, as per Ontario Regulations 292/98, and the Landfill
Standards Guideline published by the MOECC and will include a composite liner underlain by a minimum 1
m thick attenuation layer.
Compacted engineered backfill, ranging in thickness from 5 to 22 m and averaging 15 m, will be placed
between the quarry floor/walls and the bottom of attenuation layer.
The final cover will be constructed in accordance of the requirements of O. Reg. 232/98 and will consist of at
least 0.6 m of soil that will permit a minimum infiltration rate of 0.15 m/year.
Leachate generation will be at average approximately 124,000 cubic metres per year (m3/yr) at full build-out,
with a minimum of generation rate of 81,000 m3/yr.
Leachate quality will be as described in Section 1.7.2 of the Facility Characteristics report.
Leachate will be collected using primary and secondary leachate collection systems.
Surface Water
During construction of the landfill, stormwater and groundwater seepage on the undeveloped portion of the
quarry (where no liner system or waste placement has occurred) will be segregated from the active landfill
areas using berms, ditches and sumps and will be managed through existing approved systems.
Any storm water that comes into contact with the active working areas of the landfill that do not have final
cover, will be treated as potentially contaminated and will be directed into the leachate collection system for
treatment.
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Storm water in the perimeter areas of the landfill, including the buffer areas, and any runoff from completed
areas of the landfill (i.e. with final cover) will be directed to the storm water management area on the Site for
sediment removal and monitoring prior to being discharged from the site.
Landfill Gas
Landfill gas will start being generated several months after waste is placed in the landfill and increase through
the operational period – the peak generation rate of 20,000 m3/hour is expected to occur within a few years
of landfill closure, after all of its final cover is in place, and will gradually decrease as organic matter in the
landfill decomposes.
Landfill gas migration controls will include the extension of the liner to ground surface at the landfill perimeter
(to provide a physical barrier to landfill gas migration) and the operation of a gas collection system with an
operating efficiency of 85 percent of total gas production (to reduce or eliminate positive gas pressure within
the landfill).
7.2 Land Use Forecast In order to address cumulative effects in accordance with the methodology set out in Section 8.2 of the Approved
Amended Terms of Reference, this study will compare the potential effects of the proposed landfill at its different
stages of development to the forecast baseline conditions over that same period of time (i.e., the “do nothing”
alternative). In order to guide the forecasting of future baseline conditions, Walker has provided a set of working
assumptions regarding future land uses (including community growth, other industrial activities such as quarrying,
etc.) at the site, in the surrounding area and in the broader community (MacNaughton Hermsen Britton Clarkson
Planning Limited (MHBC) Report entitled, Landuse Planning Forecast Draft Report, Proposed Southwestern
Landfill, Township of Zorra, Oxford County, dated October 2016). The following key assumptions are drawn from
that report for the purposes of this study:
The surrounding Townships of South-West Oxford and Zorra, including the Village of Beachville, and the
Rural Cluster of Centerville, will experience minimal change and/or growth to the year 2045. Future
development outside of the Town of Ingersoll will be minimal, with the majority of growth occurring by infill.
These areas will remain relatively similar to current built conditions, with agricultural and existing quarries as
the dominant land use.
Based on the above, it is assumed that the quarry at the site of the landfill will remain in a dewatered condition
throughout and beyond the active life of the landfill.
No new residential and/or employment development is proposed in the site vicinity, defined as the area within
a 1 kilometre radius of the site.
7.3 Climate Change Minister’s amendment #12 to the Approved Amended Terms of Reference required that climate change should be
considered in this environmental assessment. The following table summarizes the mean climate change
(temperature and precipitation) assumptions to be considered during this study, where relevant.
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Temperature (degrees Celsius) Precipitation (mm)
Annual Summer Winter Annual Summer Winter
2011-2040 +2.3 +2.0 +2.2 +52.0 -2.7 +28.3
2041-2070 +3.9 +3.2 +4.5 +87.0 -2.5 +34.9
2071-2100+ +4.8 +4.1 +5.5 +89.0 -4.4 +46.8
Source: McDermid, J., S. Fera and A. Hogg. 2015. Climate change projections for Ontario: An updated synthesis for policymakers and
planners. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Science and Research Branch, Peterborough, Ontario. Climate
Change Research Report CCRR-44.
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry document from which this data is sourced includes other
information that can be used if and where appropriate in this and other studies.
8.0 DATA COLLECTION
8.1 Background Data Collection Groundwater
As this project involves the development of a landfill within an existing quarry, available existing data on the
geology and hydrogeology of the site will be considered and incorporated into the assessment, as appropriate.
The proposed Work Plan described herein assumes that the assessment will build on the data already available
to augment the understanding of the site to a level of detail suitable for the purpose of supporting a submission for
Environmental Assessment Act (EAA) application for approval for development of the landfill.
The Groundwater component includes the sub-components groundwater quality and groundwater flow (quantity).
The following tasks will be undertaken to characterize existing environmental conditions:
Data Review and Site Reconnaissance
The data review and site reconnaissance task will consist of the following activities:
Review of published geological and hydrogeological maps and reports, water well data, regional groundwater
and wellhead protection studies, regional and local topographic and drainage mapping, previous subsurface
investigation findings, and interpretation.
Review of groundwater results from annual monitoring reports including depth to water table and water quality
analysis.
Review of key groundwater-related features identified by the community (e.g. the Community Liaison
Committee tour, and other public inputs and comments).
Review of available site-specific studies previously undertaken will be obtained and reviewed to corroborate
hydraulic conductivity in the bedrock aquifer(s) and groundwater flow directions, estimated from the proposed
intrusive program, and to establish drawdown distance associated with the existing quarry dewatering to
serve as input for groundwater modelling.
Review of the groundwater sample data at select water supply wells in the site vicinity and wider study area
to adequately characterize background groundwater quality.
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Completion of a site reconnaissance to corroborate the results of the desktop review, document general site
drainage and identify potential groundwater-dependent receptors in the area.
Consideration of any other pertinent information, as available.
Water Well Assessment
An inventory of private and public water wells in the vicinity of the site will be carried out based on the MOECC
water well records. A door-to-door survey will be carried out for wells within 500 m of the property boundary
and any wells determined to be within the zone of influence of the existing quarry dewatering. This task will
utilize previous water well surveys conducted at the site.
Surface Water
The Surface Water component includes the sub-components of surface water quantity (flow) and surface water
quality. A compilation and interpretation of existing information from defined background sources will be conducted
including, but not limited to:
Key surface water related features identified by the community (e.g. the Community Liaison Committee tour,
and other public inputs and comments);
Surface water quality and quantity information from Carmeuse Lime (Canada) Limited, Ingersoll, Ontario
annual monitoring reports;
Topographic mapping, satellite imagery and aerial photography to define the On-site and site Vicinity
drainage network, drainage watershed/sub-watersheds, and discharge locations;
Published sources, including studies and annual reports by MOECC, Environment Canada, Upper Thames
River Conservation Authority (UTRCA) and Universities to characterize existing water quality and stream flow
in the Thames River; and,
Flood Regulation mapping and supporting hydraulic/hydrologic models for the Thames River, available from
the UTRCA.
8.2 Field Data Collection
Groundwater
The following provides a preliminary summary of the activities that will be undertaken for the hydrogeological
component. Program specifics, such as media assessed, investigative methodologies, numbers and locations of
sampling points and the analytical parameters will be determined based on the results of the review of available
background information and information on the proposed design alternatives for the landfill:
Retain an expert in Karst geology to provide input into and participate in data collection and interpretation
regarding Karst features, as described below.
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Obtain and review available site specific studies previously undertaken to determine hydraulic conductivity in
the bedrock aquifer(s) and assess groundwater flow directions.
Drill boreholes in the bedrock and overburden at representative locations on the site and within 500 m of the
proposed landfill, as described below, to characterise site geological and hydrogeological conditions,
including potential surface water and groundwater interactions.
Conduct geophysical logging and detailed hydraulic conductivity testing (i.e. packer testing) on selected
boreholes to confirm site stratigraphy and assess the physical properties of the bedrock on the site, as
described below.
Borehole Drilling and Monitoring Well Installations
A total of six borehole locations are proposed around the perimeter of the site and in the central area of the
site, the locations of which are shown on Figure 1, attached. A schematic of the boreholes and monitoring
well construction details is provided on the attached Figures 2A through 2C.
Borehole locations 1 through 3, and location 5 will be completed in the vicinity of the Site, as indicated on
Figure 1, where overburden material is inferred to be present. Three boreholes will be drilled through the
overburden and into the bedrock at each of these locations and instrumented with monitoring wells. The
deepest of these (borehole “A” on Figures 2A through 2C) will be advanced to a depth of approximately 63
m (205 feet (ft)), and will be cored (the shallower two will be advanced using rotary or coring methods). The
core will be logged for lithology, fractures (depth and orientation) and geotechnical indices including total core
recovery (TCR), solid core recovery (SCR), and rock quality designation (RQD). The screened intervals in
the bedrock will target zones of higher permeability (as determined by core logging, geophysics and packer
testing) and/or stratigraphic contacts. A minimum of one well will be installed in the overburden at each
location (which is inferred to range in thickness from about 7 to 22 m (25 to 70 feet), screened to target zones
of higher permeability and the water table.
Borehole location 4 will be situated on the quarry floor. The deep borehole (“A” on Figure 2B) will be
completed in the lower portion of the Amherstburg Formation, at an approximate depth of 65 ft (20 m) beneath
the quarry floor. A shallow depth borehole, (“B” on Figure 2B), will also be installed beneath the quarry floor,
in the Amherstburg Formation, at an approximate depth of 30 ft (10 m). Both boreholes will be installed with
monitoring wells that will be utilized to monitor vertical hydraulic gradients beneath the site.
Borehole location 6 will be drilled and instrumented adjacent to the Thames River. Two boreholes targeting
bedrock and one targeting the overburden will be drilled and each instrumented with monitoring wells to allow
for assessment of hydraulic gradients in the vicinity of the Thames River as part of the assessment of
groundwater flow and groundwater-surface water interactions. The deeper borehole (“A” on Figure 2C) will
be completed in the Lucas formation at an approximate depth of 15 m (50 ft). The shallower borehole (“B”
on Figure 2C) will be completed in the shallow, fractured portion of the Lucas formation approximately 6-7.5
m (20-25 ft) below the bedrock surface. A mini-piezometer will be installed in the vicinity of the Thames River
in order to assess the shallow groundwater gradients in the immediate vicinity of the river.
Borehole Geophysics
The open boreholes will be geophysically logged at each cored hole location for natural gamma and conductivity
following drilling. The geophysical logging will identify the lithological intervals in each borehole which will be used
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to design the appropriate intervals for well screens and annular seals in the monitoring wells. The open boreholes
will also be video-logged to evaluate the downhole geology as well as the potential presence of karstic features.
The boreholes will be pumped to lower the water level in the wells and induce flow into the borehole. The flow into
the borehole will be logged using an impeller (spinner) flow meter to evaluate the inflow in the borehole (e.g.,
fractures) which will be used for the karst evaluation.
Hydraulic Conductivity Testing
The hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock will be evaluated through packer testing of the deep borehole at
approximately 3 m (10 foot) intervals at each cored hole location. Rising and/or falling head tests will also be
conducted in the monitoring wells to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the monitoring intervals. A pumping
test may be included in the karst study component of this work program which will provide an estimate of the
transmissivity of the bedrock beneath the proposed landfill.
Karst Study
A karst study will be conducted to determine the potential presence or absence of karst in the area that may be
relevant to the landfill design, the net effects analysis, proposed contingency measures and the monitoring
program. The study will involve examination of potential karstic futures in areas of exposed bedrock and potentially
tracer testing. The karst study will be conducted by Dr. Stephen Worthington, a recognized karst expert, in
conjunction with Golder Associates.
The karst work program will involve:
An initial inspection of the quarry faces and bedrock exposures in the area to assess any karstic features;
A conductivity and temperature survey of the river will be conducted by boat using probes to identify potential
zones of groundwater discharge along the Thames River and the area will be investigated for the potential
presence of springs;
The flow into the deep boreholes will be logged using an impeller (spinner) flow meter to identify potential
zones of groundwater discharge. The boreholes will be video-logged to determine whether they are
potentially related to karstic features; and,
A 72 hour pumping test may be performed including tracer tests to assess the potential presence of karst.
Groundwater Monitoring Program
Following the installation of the monitoring wells, pressure transducers equipped with dataloggers, configured to
record water levels and temperatures at regular intervals, would be installed at key locations. The data would be
downloaded quarterly, at which time a complete round of water level measurements will be carried out. The
collected data will be used to assess the horizontal and vertical groundwater gradients. Hydraulic response testing
will also be carried out on selected monitoring wells in order to determine the in situ hydraulic conductivity of the
screened interval for each well.
In conjunction with the quarterly water level monitoring events, groundwater sampling will be undertaken in order
to determine the seasonal variations in groundwater quality. Groundwater samples will be collected using
dedicated sampling equipment and analysed by an independent accredited laboratory for the parameters listed in
Section 10 of O. Reg. 232/98, as well as for a suite of groundwater quality indicator parameters.
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
September 2017 Report No. 1664706-R01 16
Surface Water
A preliminary Site reconnaissance was conducted by Golder staff (hydrologists/water resources engineers) on
September 6, 2017 to delineate the On-site and Site Vicinity drainage networks, watersheds and sub-watersheds
and confirm the information from available sources.
An inventory of surface water uses will be assembled using municipal, conservation authority and MOE records
(e.g., Permits to Take Water), supplemented by field inspection of surface water uses at key receptor points.
In order to provide more current and more detailed data for the purposes of the EA, additional field efforts beyond
the current annual monitoring (being performed by Carmeuse Lime (Canada) Limited) will be required to capture
the specific seasonal changes that exist at the Site and surrounding area.
The field monitoring plan will characterize surface water flow and water quality, including background surface water
quality and baseline conditions on Site, on the Thames River upstream and downstream of the Site, and on
representative streams tributary to the Thames River in the Site Vicinity, utilizing both existing and new sampling
and flow measurement locations. The sampling will include an assessment of the quantity and quality of any
seepage into the quarry and the potential for seepage from the Thames River. The number and location of
representative tributary streams in the Site Vicinity is currently being determined in consultation with the
groundwater discipline in order to characterize baseflow conditions in areas potentially affected by groundwater
levels, as well as the ecology discipline where potential changes in stream base flows may impact fish and aquatic
habitat. To date, four monitoring locations have been identified on the drainage features (creeks and municipal
drains) surrounding the proposed landfill and the existing Carmeuse Quarry to the west, north and east. Two
further monitoring locations have been identified on the Thames River, one upstream and one downstream of the
site.
Grab surface water samples will be collected on a seasonal basis (spring, summer, fall and winter), in addition to
data available from the existing annual monitoring program, in an effort to capture the full range of flow conditions
present at the Site, in the Thames River, upstream and downstream and in the representative tributary streams.
Each sample will be analyzed by a certified laboratory for surface water quality indicator parameters (e.g., metals
and hydrocarbons), including target parameters that are routinely tested for the detection of leachate. In addition,
standard water quality parameters, such as total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity,
temperature and oxygen reduction potential (ORP), will be collected at each station using appropriate in-situ water
quality meters.
During each sampling event, surface water quantity, in the form of discharge rates, will be measured at each
sampling station using an industry standard flow meter. A cross-section will be measured at each station, (if not
previously determined) and flow measurements will be collected following standard flow measurement protocols.
In order to better understand the surface water flow within the vicinity of the Site, automatic level recording gauges
(data loggers) will be installed at key locations (minimum two on Site, one on the Thames River and at
representative tributary streams in the Site Vicinity). With respect to both the methods noted above, the MOECC,
including the Source Programs Protection Branch, will be consulted prior to the finalization of the technical work
plans to ensure that the proposed methods for the collection and analysis of environmental monitoring data are
consistent at a minimum with any monitoring requirements which may be required by the MOECC in subsequent
approvals under the Ontario Water Resources Act or the Environmental Protection Act. Further, methods for
sample analysis will be of sufficient sensitivity to quantify water concentrations at the levels of the Provincial Water
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
September 2017 Report No. 1664706-R01 17
Quality Objectives. Where an objective does not exist for a water quality variable, an objective will be determined
in consultation with the MOECC.
9.0 DATA ANALYSIS Groundwater
The relevant federal and provincial criteria and standards to be used in the hydrogeological assessment will be
finalized. The background and field data collected will be used to summarize and assess the water quality
conditions to establish a baseline for the site. The proposed wells will be used to assess the groundwater flow
regime and water quality in both the overburden and bedrock at selected depths and locations in order to fulfill the
requirements of the baseline hydrogeological assessment for the EA and O. Reg. 232/98.
The baseline hydrogeological assessment will be used to develop a conceptual hydrogeological model, which will
provide a framework for evaluating potential impacts on nearby groundwater receptors (e.g., private and municipal
water wells, discharges to surface water) as a result of the proposed site development.
A key aspect of the baseline hydrogeological assessment will be its integration with the hydrological component,
ensuring effective assessment of overall water balance conditions and evaluation of the landfill water discharge.
The landfill design and available existing environmental conditions will be reviewed to identify potential project-
environment interactions and, where feasible, potential in-design mitigation measures will be incorporated and
assessed.
Groundwater Flow Modeling
A three-dimensional groundwater flow model will be developed to support the landfill design and approvals
process. The groundwater flow model will be calibrated to existing conditions and used to assess the
hydrogeological aspects of the design and net environmental effects in the operating and post-closure stages of
the landfill. The modeling will be utilized to assess the degree of natural hydraulic containment through inward
groundwater flow to the engineered landfill facility. From the model, groundwater seepage estimates will be
developed that will be utilized for landfill design and a water balance. The modeling will also be used to evaluate
groundwater and surface water interactions along adjacent water courses and to evaluate feasible contingency
measures that can be employed in the event of a failure in the liner system.
Water Balance
A water balance will be developed by incorporating data from an Environment Canada water budget, analysis of
quarry pumping records, groundwater seepage estimates from the modeling, surface water inputs and modeling
of the landfill infiltration. This information will be used to estimate the groundwater and surface water inputs and
outputs related to the landfill design. The water balance will also provide analysis of groundwater-surface water
interactions. The water balance will include conceptual models for existing conditions and the operational and
post-closure stages of the proposed landfill.
Hydrogeological Net Effects Assessment
A hydrogeological assessment will be conducted to evaluate the potential net effects of the proposed landfill on
surrounding groundwater and surface water resources and receptors (including the surrounding water wells). This
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
September 2017 Report No. 1664706-R01 18
will include an analysis of the hydraulic containment scenario under operating conditions and post closure
conditions.
In addition to the above assessment of potential effects, the following list of activities will be conducted:
The degree of potential effects will be compared using applicable criteria and indicators;
A groundwater monitoring program will be developed and proposed trigger mechanisms will be set for the
implementation of a contingency plan; and,
The potential for leachate from the landfill impacting adjacent properties will be assessed.
Prediction of future environmental conditions will be completed using modelling and other methods, and
appropriate objectives, standards, policies and legislation. Additional mitigation measures, if required, will be
identified and refined as necessary. This will specifically identify, recognize and determine any potential effects
upon the Wellhead Protection Areas (WHPA) associated with the municipal drinking water wells, Highly Vulnerable
Aquifers (HVA) and Significant Groundwater Recharge Areas (SGRA) identified in the source water protection
studies. Further, the County of Oxford will be consulted with to identify any pre-existing plans for municipal well
field expansion, and incorporate those into the evaluation.
It is noted that the modelling of future baseline conditions for the proposed undertaking will include specific
consideration of the ongoing dewatering and rehabilitation of the quarries currently operated by Carmeuse Lime
(Canada) Ltd.
The Geology and Hydrogeology discipline, in consultation with the EA Management Team and the Design &
Operations Team, will provide input to determine if further mitigation measures are required (i.e., in addition to the
in-design mitigation measures).
Finally, the prediction of future environmental effects, assuming all mitigation measures are implemented, will be
undertaken. The remaining effects or ‘net effects’, if any, will be documented. The outcome of this step will be
presented in tables documenting the net effects for each environmental component.
Landfill Gas
As noted above, landfill gas migration controls will included the extension of the liner to ground surface at the
landfill perimeter, to provide a physical barrier to landfill gas migration, and the operation of a gas collection system,
to reduce or eliminate positive gas pressure within the landfill. Potential for landfill gas migration in the subsurface
will be assessed through:
A review of the subsurface soil and groundwater characteristics, obtained through the groundwater field data
program noted above, in the context of the facility characteristics to evaluate potential migration pathways for
landfill gas through the subsurface; and,
A review of the location and extent of potential receptors and migration pathways, including subsurface utility
corridors and buildings in the site vicinity.
The results of this review and consultation with the EA Management Team and the Design & Operations Team,
will provide input to determine if further mitigation measures are required (i.e., in addition to the in-design mitigation
measures).
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
September 2017 Report No. 1664706-R01 19
Surface Water
Baseline environmental conditions for water quality and quantity will be considered to identify potential adverse
effects of the project and identify potential mitigation measures.
The Surface Water assessment will utilize modelling, as described below.
Baseline Flow Assessment
An assessment of the existing flow regime in the Thames River and local tributaries will be complete using existing
flow information from nearby hydrometric stations and measurements collected during the field programme. The
flow records will be prorated to account for drainage area as required. Key flow statistics, including baseflows,
return period low flows, and peak flows will be assessed for points of interest within the study area. This
information will be used to inform or verify model results and as a baseline for assessment of effects of developing
the landfill.
Modelling
The OTTHYMO hydrological computer model (or alternatively HEC-HMS) will be used to calculate surface water
runoff and peak flows in the On-Site and Site-Vicinity areas under existing conditions. The design storm (i.e.,
greater of the Regional Storm or 1:100 Year Storm), as set out in O. Reg. 232/98, will be evaluated using this
model. Flood events ranging up to the 250 year return period flow will also be considered in the affects
assessment.
An estimate of the quality and quantity of any discharges from the landfill and/or the leachate treatment system
will be provided for the purposes of the EA. Based on the conceptual design document, future surface water runoff
and peak flows and quality conditions associated with the proposed landfill will be predicted and assessed (utilizing
the hydrological computer model). These predictions will be compared to existing conditions and changes and
potential adverse effects (i.e., on flooding, erosion and water quality) on downstream water courses will be
identified. If mitigation measures are required, a conceptual mitigation plan will be developed (e.g., engineered
storm water management measures/facilities.)
Effects Assessment
The degree of potential effects will be compared using the criteria and indicators for the surface water component.
The Surface Water discipline, in consultation with the EA Management Team and the Design & Operations Team,
will provide input to determine if further mitigation measures are required (i.e., in addition to the in-design mitigation
measures). This will include consideration of any measures necessary to prevent the potential flooding of the site
by the Thames River during extreme flood events.
Finally, the prediction of the effects of future environmental conditions on Surface Water, considering all mitigation
measures, will take place. The remaining effects or ‘net effects’, if any, will be documented. The outcome of this
step will be presented in tables documenting the net effects for each environmental component.
Stormwater Monitoring Program
A stormwater monitoring program will be prepared that is appropriate for the preferred alternative, based on the
conceptual design. As part of this task, a conceptual contingency plan approach will be outlined.
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
September 2017 Report No. 1664706-R01 20
10.0 REPORTING The Groundwater and Surface Water assessment report will be structured to address each of the major objectives
set out previously in Section 2.0 of this work plan. Detailed appendices containing data and analyses carried out
in the course of the study will be included in the report, along with other pertinent information to support the
conclusions.
GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD.
Kevin MacKenzie, M.Sc., P.Eng. Keith G. Lesarge, M.Sc., P.Geo. Associate, Water Resources Engineer Principal, Senior Environmental Scientist
CAB/KGL/cab/ly
Golder, Golder Associates and the GA globe design are trademarks of Golder Associates Corporation.
https://golderassociates.sharepoint.com/sites/13349g/2000 hydrogeology/correspondence/reports/r01/1664706-r01 final oct 2017.docx
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
September 2017 Report No. 1664706-R01 21
11.0 REFERENCES
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines.
Environment Canada.
Environmental Planning Policy Manual for UTRCA, June 2006.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Ontario Regulation 347 General – Waste Management (as amended).
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Ontario Regulation 232/98 Landfilling Sites (as amended).
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Safe Drinking Water Act, 2002, Ontario Regulation 169/03 Ontario
Drinking Water Quality Standards.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Water Management – Policies, Guidelines and Provincial Water Quality
Objectives” (Guideline B-1-3).
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Guideline B-7 Incorporation of the Reasonable Use Concept into MOEE
Groundwater Management Activities.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Guideline B-7-1 Determination of Contaminant Limits and Attenuation
Zones.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Ontario Regulation 166/06 - Development, Interference with Wetlands
and Alterations to Shorelines and Watercourses.
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR), 2002. Technical Guide: River and Stream System Flooding
Hazard Limits.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Ontario Regulation 166/06 - Development, Interference with Wetlands
and Alterations to Shorelines and Watercourses.
Ontario Conservation Authorities Act.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Ontario Water Resources Act, 1990.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, 2007. Guide to Permit to Take Water Application
Form, PIBS 5046E.
Technical Guide: River and Stream System Erosion Hazard Limits, OMNR, 2002 Upper Thames River
Conservation Authority (UTRCA).
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
September 2017 Report No. 1664706-R01 22
12.0 CONTACT INFORMATION For more information about this work plan and the Southwestern Landfill Environmental Assessment:
In-Person/Mail: Darren Fry, Project Director
Walker Environmental, 160 Carnegie Street,
Ingersoll, ON N5C 4A8
Website: www.walkerea.com
Phone: 1-855-392-5537
Email: [email protected]
You may register to receive the Southwestern Landfill EA newsletter by mail by contacting our office or receive the newsletter by email by subscribing at www.walkerea.com/subscribe.
OVERBURDEN
(~72ft; 22m)
BEDROCK
(~105ft; 32m)
PROJECTION OF
EXISTING
A
C
D
B
250
235
268
QUARRY FLOOR
AP
PR
OX
IM
AT
E E
LE
VA
TIO
N (m
a
msl)
LUCAS
AMHERSTBURG
290
227
LO
WE
R (2
30
m) F
LO
W Z
ON
E
241
UP
PE
R F
LO
W Z
ON
E
(~
25
ft; 7
.5
m)
(~
19
.7
ft, 6
m)
(~
68
.9
ft; 2
1m
)
(~
19
.7
ft, 6
m)
(~
19
.7
ft, 6
m)
(9
.8
ft-1
9.7
ft)
(3
-6
m)
OVERBURDEN
(~72ft; 22m)
BEDROCK
(~105ft; 32m)
PROJECTION OF
EXISTING
A
C
D
B
250
235
268
QUARRY FLOOR
AP
PR
OX
IM
AT
E E
LE
VA
TIO
N (m
a
msl)
LUCAS
AMHERSTBURG
290
227
LO
WE
R (2
30
m) F
LO
W Z
ON
E
241
UP
PE
R F
LO
W Z
ON
E
(~
25
ft; 7
.5
m)
(~
19
.7
ft, 6
m)
(~
68
.9
ft; 2
1m
)
(~
19
.7
ft, 6
m)
(~
19
.7
ft, 6
m)
(9
.8
ft-1
9.7
ft)
(3
-6
m)
SCHEMATIC SKETCHES OF
BOREHOLES/MONITORING WELLS
(LOCATIONS 1 AND 2)
FIGURE 2A
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER
ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
BEACHVILLE, ONTARIO
BOREHOLE/MONITORING WELL LOCATION 1
NOTES
10-14 PACKER TESTS/BOREHOLE A
4 RISING HEAD TESTS / 16 GROUNDWATER SAMPLES
GENERAL NOTES
THIS DRAWING IS SCHEMATIC ONLY AND IS TO BE READ IN
CONJUNCTION WITH ACCOMPANYING TEXT.
ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE.
BOREHOLE/MONITORING WELL LOCATION 2
NOTES
10-14 PACKER TESTS/BOREHOLE A
4 RISING HEAD TESTS / 16 GROUNDWATER SAMPLES
OVERBURDEN
(~39ft; 12m)
BEDROCK
(~105ft; 32m)
PROJECTION OF
EXISTING
A
C
D
B
250
235
268
(~
25ft; 7.5m
)
QUARRY FLOOR
AP
PR
OX
IM
AT
E E
LE
VA
TIO
N (m
am
sl)
LUCAS
AMHERSTBURG
280
227
LO
WE
R (230m
) F
LO
W Z
ON
E
241
UP
PE
R F
LO
W Z
ON
E
(~
68.9ft; 21m
)
(~
19.7ft, 6m
)
(~
19.7ft, 6m
)
(~
19.7ft, 6m
)
(9.8ft-19.7ft)
(3-6m
)
(~
33ft, 10m
)
A
B
238
PROJECTION OF
EXISTING
QUARRY FLOOR
AP
PR
OX
IM
AT
E E
LE
VA
TIO
N (m
am
sl)
LUCAS
AMHERSTBURG
218
(~
66ft, 20m
)
LO
WE
R (230m
) F
LO
W Z
ON
E
(~
19.7ft, 6m
)
(~
19.7ft, 6m
)
SCHEMATIC SKETCHES OF
BOREHOLES/MONITORING WELLS
(LOCATIONS 3 AND 4)
FIGURE 2B
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER
ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
BEACHVILLE, ONTARIO
BOREHOLE/MONITORING WELL LOCATION 3
NOTES
10-14 PACKER TESTS/BOREHOLE A
4 RISING HEAD TESTS / 16 GROUNDWATER SAMPLES
NOTES
5 PACKER TESTS/BOREHOLE A
2 RISING HEAD TESTS / 8 GROUNDWATER SAMPLES
GENERAL NOTES
THIS DRAWING IS SCHEMATIC ONLY AND IS TO BE READ IN
CONJUNCTION WITH ACCOMPANYING TEXT.
ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE.
BOREHOLE/MONITORING WELL LOCATION 4
OVERBURDEN
(~
23ft; 7m
)
BEDROCK
(~
130ft; 40m
)
(~
25ft; 7.5m
)
C
A
250
235
AP
PR
OX
IM
AT
E E
LE
VA
TIO
N (m
a
msl)
268
275
LO
WE
R (2
30
m) F
LO
W Z
ON
EU
PP
ER
F
LO
W Z
ON
E
PROJECTION OF
EXISTING
QUARRY FLOOR
228
D
(6
m)
(~
19
.7
ft, 6
m)
(9
.8
ft-1
9.7
ft)
(3
-6
m)
B
(~
19
.7
ft, 6
m)
(~
68.9ft; 21.0m
)
OVERBURDEN
(~
23ft; 7m
)
BEDROCK
(~
50ft; 15m
)
(~
25ft; 7.5m
)
THAMES
RIVER
B
A
MP
250
235
AP
PR
OX
IM
AT
E E
LE
VA
TIO
N (m
a
msl)
268
275
LO
WE
R (2
30
m) F
LO
W Z
ON
EU
PP
ER
F
LO
W Z
ON
E
PROJECTION OF
EXISTING
QUARRY FLOOR
228
C
(~
19
.7
ft, 6
m)
(9
.8
ft-1
9.7
ft)
(3
-6
m)
(~
19
.7
ft, 6
m)
SCHEMATIC SKETCHES OF
BOREHOLES/MONITORING WELLS
(LOCATIONS 5 AND 6)
GENERAL NOTES
THIS DRAWING IS SCHEMATIC ONLY AND IS TO BE READ IN
CONJUNCTION WITH ACCOMPANYING TEXT.
FIGURE 2C
ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE.
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER
ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
BEACHVILLE, ONTARIO
BOREHOLE/MONITORING WELL LOCATION 6
BOREHOLE/MONITORING WELL LOCATION 5
NOTES
8 PACKER TESTS/BOREHOLE A
4 RISING HEAD TESTS / 16 GROUNDWATER SAMPLES
NOTES
5 PACKER TESTS/BOREHOLE A
3 RISING HEAD TESTS / 12 GROUNDWATER SAMPLES
GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
September 2017 Report No. 1664706-R01
APPENDIX A Environmental Assessment Criteria and Studies
Study that will be primarily responsible for addressing criterion. Note: Many of the studies will provide key input to criteria that will be address through other impact assessment studies.
May 7, 2013 Page A-1
Studies Addressing the Criteria Study Areas Duration
Criteria
Definition/ Rationale
Agr
icu
ltu
re
Air
Qu
alit
y
Arc
hae
olo
gy/
Cu
ltu
ral
He
rita
ge
Eco
logy
Eco
no
mic
/
Fin
anci
al
Gro
un
dw
ate
r/
Surf
ace
Wat
er
Lan
d U
se
No
ise
/Vib
rati
on
Soci
al
Traf
fic
Vis
ual
/
Lan
dsc
ape
On
-Sit
e &
Sit
e
Vic
init
y
Alo
ng
the
Ha
ul
Ro
ute
s
Wid
er
Are
a
Op
era
tio
nal
Pe
rio
d
Po
st-C
losu
re
Pe
rio
d
Public Health & Safety 1 Explosive hazard due to
combustible gas accumulation in confined spaces.
Gas produced within a waste disposal facility (e.g., methane) can move through the ground and accumulate in confined spaces (e.g., manholes, basements, etc.) on or immediately adjacent to the waste disposal facility. There is potential for the gas to combust, creating an explosion and fire hazard.
2 Effects due to exposure to air emissions.
Waste disposal facilities can produce gases containing contaminants that degrade air quality if they are emitted to the atmosphere. Other operations, such as leachate collection facilities, can also produce emissions that could degrade air quality in the vicinity of the site. Air quality in the vicinity of the site should meet regulated air quality standards in order to protect public health.
3 Effects due to fine particulate exposure.
Construction, operation, and truck haulage activities at a waste disposal facility can lead to increased levels of particulate (dust) in the air. Airbourne fine particulate is a health concern in certain size ranges exposure durations.
4 Effects due to contact with contaminated groundwater or surface water.
Contaminants associated with a waste disposal site have the potential to seep into the groundwater or surface water. This could pose a public health concern if it enters local drinking water supplies, or if it mixes with surface water.
5 Flood hazard. The construction of a waste disposal facility can disrupt natural surface water drainage patterns, causing a potential for increased flooding.
6 Disease transmission via insects or vermin.
Insects and vermin drawn to a waste disposal facility may have the potential to transmit diseases.
7 Potential for traffic collisions. The risk of traffic collisions may increase along the haul routes to the waste disposal facility. This includes the risk to pedestrian, bicycle and farm machinery.
Study that will be primarily responsible for addressing criterion. Note: Many of the studies will provide key input to criteria that will be address through other impact assessment studies.
May 7, 2013 Page A-2
Studies Addressing the Criteria Study Areas Duration
Criteria
Definition/ Rationale
Agr
icu
ltu
re
Air
Qu
alit
y
Arc
hae
olo
gy/
Cu
ltu
ral
He
rita
ge
Eco
logy
Eco
no
mic
/
Fin
anci
al
Gro
un
dw
ate
r/
Surf
ace
Wat
er
Lan
d U
se
No
ise
/Vib
rati
on
Soci
al
Traf
fic
Vis
ual
/
Lan
dsc
ape
On
-Sit
e &
Sit
e
Vic
init
y
Alo
ng
the
Ha
ul
Ro
ute
s
Wid
er
Are
a
Op
era
tio
nal
Pe
rio
d
Po
st-C
losu
re
Pe
rio
d
Public Health & Safety (continued) 8 Aviation impacts due to bird
interference. Birds may be attracted to waste disposal facilities. This can pose a risk of bird strikes on aircraft in the vicinity of the site, especially during take-off and landing altitudes.
Social and Cultural 9 Displacement of residents
from houses. Any residents living on a future waste disposal site will have to relocate, which can cause inconvenience and stress to the residents.
10 Disruption to use and enjoyment of residential properties.
Potential nuisance effects associated with the waste disposal facility operation, or traffic moving to and from the waste disposal facility along the haul route, may disturb the daily activities and uses of residential properties. Disturbances could result from noise, dust, litter, odour, visibility, birds and traffic congestion.
11 Disruption to use and enjoyment of public facilities and institutions.
Potential nuisance effects associated with waste disposal facility operations, or traffic moving to and from the waste disposal facility, may disturb the daily activities at community facilities. Disturbances could result from noise, dust, litter, odour, visibility, birds and traffic congestion.
12 Disruption to local traffic networks.
Increased traffic volume resulting from a waste disposal facility could disturb the overall traffic flow along the haul routes, and effectively reduce the available road capacity.
13 Visual impact of the waste disposal facility.
Development and operation of a waste disposal facility can affect the visual appeal of a landscape.
14 Nuisance associated with vermin.
Waste disposal facilities can attract vermin and birds, which can be a nuisance and lead to a decrease in property enjoyment by area residents. Vermin and birds can also be a nuisance to agricultural operations.
Study that will be primarily responsible for addressing criterion. Note: Many of the studies will provide key input to criteria that will be address through other impact assessment studies.
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Studies Addressing the Criteria Study Areas Duration
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Social and Cultural (continued) 15 Displacement/disturbance of
cultural/heritage resources. Cultural resources (including heritage buildings, cemeteries and cultural landscapes) are an important component of human heritage. These non-renewable cultural resources may be displaced by the construction of a waste disposal facility. The use and enjoyment of cultural resources may also be disturbed by the ongoing operation and traffic. Disturbances could result from noise, dust, odour, visibility, birds, litter and traffic congestion.
16 Effects on land resources, traditional activities or other interests of Aboriginal communities.
Major new developments of any type may have positive or negative effects on the interests of Aboriginal communities (i.e., businesses opportunities, joint ventures)
17 Displacement/destruction of archaeological resources.
Archaeological resources are non-renewable cultural resources that can be destroyed by the construction and operation of a waste disposal facility.
18 Level of public service provided by the waste disposal facility.
The presence of a waste disposal operation within a municipality can provide an increased level of public service (e.g., convenient access to waste disposal services) to local residents and businesses, as well as those in the broader community(ies).
19 Effects on other public services.
The presence of a waste disposal facility may have positive or negative spin-off effects on other public services in the community (e.g., leachate trucking, waste water treatment capacity, if there is discharge to the sewer system).
20 Changes to community character/cohesion.
Community character and cohesion refer to physical characteristics, social stability, attractiveness as a place to live and patterns of social interaction. A waste disposal facility may actually or perceptually interfere with these important community attributes.
Study that will be primarily responsible for addressing criterion. Note: Many of the studies will provide key input to criteria that will be address through other impact assessment studies.
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Social and Cultural (continued) 21 Compatibility with municipal
land use designations and official plans.
A waste disposal facility has the potential to affect the viability of present and future land uses, which may have an effect on planning decisions made in the surrounding community.
Economics 22 Displacement/disruption of
businesses or farms. Any on-site businesses or farms would be displaced by a waste disposal facility, and there could be financial losses as a result of relocation. Some types of businesses located in the site vicinity or along the haul routes may suffer financial losses due to the potential nuisance effects or perceived effects associated with the operation of a waste disposal facility such as noise, litter, dust, odour, visibility, birds, vermin and traffic congestion.
23 Property value impacts. The establishment and operation of a waste disposal facility may adversely affect property values in the site vicinity or along the haul routes.
24 Direct employment in waste disposal facility construction and operation.
A waste disposal facility may create new employment opportunities both in the construction and day-to-day operation.
25 Indirect employment in related industries and services.
A waste disposal facility has the potential to have impacts on employment opportunities in local firms supplying products or services directly, or as secondary suppliers.
26 New business opportunities related directly to waste disposal facility construction and operation.
A large capital project, such as the construction and operation of a waste disposal facility, can create new opportunities for local businesses supplying products or services.
Study that will be primarily responsible for addressing criterion. Note: Many of the studies will provide key input to criteria that will be address through other impact assessment studies.
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Economics (continued) 27 New business opportunities in
related industries and services. New opportunities may be created for local businesses, or as secondary suppliers to industries working for the waste disposal facility (e.g., restaurants, gas stations, machine shops, repair shops, welding shops, equipment rentals, etc.).
28 Public costs for indirect liabilities.
Some public services may have to be upgraded to accommodate the establishment and operation of a waste disposal facility (e.g., snow removal, sewer and water connections, etc.).
29 Effects on the municipal tax base.
A waste disposal facility has the potential to affect municipal tax revenues from the site it occupies.
30 Effect on the cost of service to customers.
The costs of constructing a waste disposal facility will effect the price of tipping fees to the site. This affects the cost of service to customers in Oxford County and the Province.
31 Effects on the provincial/ federal tax base.
A waste disposal facility has the potential to affect provincial/federal tax revenues.
Natural Environment & Resources 32 Loss/displacement of surface
water resources. Construction of a waste disposal facility may cause the removal of all or part of a natural stream or pond.
33 Impact on the availability of groundwater supply to wells.
A waste disposal facility can impact the availability of groundwater supply if groundwater is pumped from aquifers or if recharge to aquifers is reduced.
34 Effects on stream baseflow quantity/quality.
The presence of a waste disposal facility has the potential to affect the quality or quantity of baseflow to surface water.
Study that will be primarily responsible for addressing criterion. Note: Many of the studies will provide key input to criteria that will be address through other impact assessment studies.
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Natural Environment & Resources (Continued) 35 Loss/disturbance of terrestrial
ecosystems. Terrestrial ecosystems refer to the land-based habitats connected through the vegetation cover; their protection and integration maintains and regulates ecological health. Waste disposal facility operations and/or traffic may remove or disturb the functioning of these systems.
36 Loss/disturbance of aquatic ecosystems.
Aquatic ecosystems refer to the water-based habitats connected through the surface water; their protection and integration maintains and regulates ecological health. Waste disposal facility operations may remove or disturb the functioning of these systems.
37 Displacement of agricultural land.
The establishment of a waste disposal facility has the potential to displace existing or potential agricultural resources, including the loss of prime agricultural land.
38 Disruption of farm operations. The establishment and operation of the waste disposal facility may affect agricultural crop or livestock production and related agriculture activities
39 Sterilization of industrial mineral resources.
The establishment of a waste disposal facility may limit the opportunity to extract industrial mineral resources located beneath the site.
40 Displacement of forestry resources.
The establishment of a waste disposal facility may limit the opportunity to utilize forestry resources on or near the site.
41 Loss/disruption of recreational resources.
Waste disposal facility operations and traffic may displace/disrupt existing recreational resources in the area, which could adversely affect the community at large. Disturbances could result from noise, dust, odour, visibility, birds and traffic congestion. Recreational resources include naturalist and interpretive opportunities.
Golder Associates Ltd.
309 Exeter Road, Unit #1
London, Ontario, N6L 1C1
Canada
T: +1 (519) 652 0099