‘Ground Water Pollution’
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Transcript of ‘Ground Water Pollution’
‘Ground Water Pollution’
17th January, 2011
This presentation is dedicated to people
who have been killed in fight over drinking water…
Water Resources
Total rainfall 4000
Total Water Availability
1869
Total Utilizable Water
Surface water 690
Ground water 432
Total 1122
BCM
Groundwater as Water ResourceGroundwater as Water Resource
55% of agricultural need 85% of domestic use in rural
areas 50% of Urban and industrial
use
Water Quality ScenarioWater quality is a major emerging concern throughout the India.
Drinking water sources are threatened from contamination.
Groundwater is emerging as an essential and vital component of our life support system.
There is growing concern on deterioration of ground water quality due to geogenic and anthropogenic activities.
Groundwater Quality Scenario
Increase in overall salinity of the groundwater,
Presence of high concentrations of fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, total hardness and few toxic metal ions,
Like surface water pollution, groundwater is also susceptible to contamination from various natural and man-made sources.
Groundwater Quality MonitoringCGWB has been assessing ground water quality
of the country through twenty two parameters.These parameters include six important ones as
follows;I. Electrical Conductivity in GroundwaterII. Chloride in Ground WaterIII. Fluoride in Ground Water IV. Iron in Ground Water V. Arsenic in Ground WaterVI. Nitrate in Ground Water
Sources of Groundwater Pollution
Due to contamination by microbes, chemicals, hazardous substances and other foreign particles.
Industries which produce toxic effluent.
Agricultural run off.Sewage
What is Missing…
Trace Metals Pesticide
Arsenic Nickel Copper Mercury Chromium Total
Cadmium Zinc Lead Iron Total
Trace Metals
BHC(Total) Dieldrin Carbamate 2.4 D
DDT(Total) Aldrin Endosulphan
Pesticide
‘Sustainable Development of Groundwater’
As per the “Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules”, the subject ‘Water Quality Assessment’ is allocate to MoWR.
Central Water Commission and Central Ground Water Board under MoWR are premier organisation in the country for dealing with all matters related to surface water and ground water respectively.
National Water Policy indicated planning for water resources development and management duly incorporate quality aspects.
Role of MoWR
As per the “Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules”, the subject ‘Water Quality Assessment’ is allocate to MoWR.
Central Water Commission and Central Ground Water Board under MoWR are premier organisation in the country for dealing with all matters related to surface water and ground water respectively.
National Water Policy indicated planning for water resources development and management duly incorporate quality aspects.
Role of MoWR, contd...
SECRETARIATWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT
AUTHORITY (WQAA)
(Ministry of Water Resources)
Preamble
• Water quality monitoring, surveillance and remediation have attained significant global importance in view of environment & health concerns. Also a key component of Millennium Development Goals & enshrined in NWP & NEP.
• About 2.17 Lakh rural population affected with water quality problems.
• Developmental activities also have contributed significant pollution load in freshwater systems.
WQAA Constituted by MoEF in 2001under the
Environment (Protection) Act 1986 Chaired by Secretary, MoEF Addl. Secretary(WR), Member(RM), CWC
and Chairman, CGWA are among members
Jt. Secretary(A) is Member-Secretary Secretariat support provided by MoWR
(Water Quality Div., Adm.Wing)
To issue direction and for taking measuresfor investigations and research; establishment or recognition of
environmental laboratories and institutes;
collection and dissemination of information: and
preparation of manuals, codes or guides relating to the prevention, control and abatement of water pollutionAlso to issues directions on various other
aspects related to water quality assessment and management in the country
Functions of WQAA
Institutional Setup
Review of water quality monitoring programmes of concerned central and state agencies for ensuring uniformity in monitoring systems; for generation of reliable and reproducible data; and to draw coordinated action plan for protecting the quality of national water resources by Expert Group under the Chairmanship of Shri Arunoday Bhattacharjya, Retd. Chairman, CPCB,
Study by a Task Force under the Chairmanship of Chairman, CPCB for drawing measures for optimum water quality observation network and coordinated data collection and dissemination system
Initiative by WQAA
Constitution of Water Quality Monitoring Committee under the Chairmanship of Addl. Secretary (MoE&F) to assist the WQAA in performing its functions.
Study by a Working Group under the Chairmanship of Member(RM), CWC to formulate methodology for assessment of the minimum flows in the rivers to conserve the eco-system.
Constitution of Standing Groups to deliberate and initiate actions on the functions of WQAA.
Constitution of State Level Water Quality Review Committees to coordinate the activities related to water quality assessment and management at State Level.
Initiative by WQAA
Achievement of WQAA Organisation of various workshops and
seminars on issues related to water quality assessment and management
"Uniform Protocol on Water Quality Monitoring Order 2005" was issued for observance of uniform protocol on water quality monitoring by all organisations, agencies and any other body monitoring surface and ground water quality.
Guidelines for preparation of Water Quality Management Plan were finalised.
Issues in MonitoringThe network of monitoring stations is not dense.
Water quality analysis excludes critical parameters.
There is virtually no agency taking up the matter of pollution by radioactive contaminants.
Lack of Institutions.
Monitoring does not cover “non-point” pollution from agriculture.
Problems with institutional design.
Groundwater contamination most often occurs due to geo-hydro chemical processes activated by pumping.
Challenges Ahead
Urgent need of research in this area for developing low cost technology.
Public Private Partnership (PPP) with viability gap funding model.
Civil society/institutions need to be strengthened.
Knowledge and awareness about ill-effects of drinking contaminated/polluted water.
The network of monitoring stations is not dense.
Water quality analysis excludes critical parameters.
There is virtually no agency taking up the matter of pollution by radioactive contaminants.
Lack of Institutions.Monitoring does not cover “non-point”
pollution from agriculture. Problems with institutional design. Groundwater contamination most often
occurs due to geo-hydro chemical processes activated by pumping.
Policy Inferences and Governance Issues
The task of controlling pollution today is not easy. The tremendous amount of types and sources of water pollution, in addition to its complex nature, calls for conducting much study and research into pollution problems. The most effective means of controlling pollution results from cooperation between scientists, legislators, citizens and industry.
Pollution Control Framework
Identify sources and types of pollutionDetermine amount and concentration
of pollutionStudy the effects of pollutionRecommend safe pollution levelsStudy and design pollution control
methodsDevelop pollution remediation and
clean-up plans control programsMonitor effectiveness of clean-up
effortsResearch new treatment technologies
Support research/educationEnact laws that limit pollution
levelsLevy fines and penalties
against pollutersCoordinate state pollution
control effortsCreate environmental
protection plansProvide mechanism to monitor
pollution
LEGISLATORS
Lobby for beneficial laws Educate public of pollution dangers Identify sources of pollution and
notify authorities and public Encourage consumer conservation
and recycling Volunteer to cleanup polluted areas Participate in citizen volunteer water
quality monitoring programs Provide public information
CITIZEN
GROUPS
Support education programs, wildlife preserves, etc.
Establish quality control to limit pollution
Develop recycling programs Find commercial uses for wastes
and byproducts Research and use better production
methods Monitor water quality of dischargesWork with the general public to
protect natural resources
INDUSTRIES
• Technical & financial support for water quality assessment programmes including, strengthening of water quality monitoring networks & surveillance systems, capacity building, R & D need promoting participatory water quality monitoring systems.
• Upgradation & benchmarking of laboratories, development and evaluation of technologies, tools and guidelines for water quality assessment and management.
• Managing water quality database / information systems etc and strengthening of mechanism for knowledge sharing amongst various stakeholders in the water quality management system
• Technical assistance and investment support for eco-restoration of rivers with a view to ensure minimum flow in rivers.
Way forward
While we watched this presentation and discussed the way forward…
Much water flowed down to the sea making it unusable…
…Thank You
Let us make water everybody’s concern…