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GROUND WATER CONDITION IN INDIA- A BRIEF OVERVIEW

1. INTRODUCTION 2

2. GROUND WATER CHARACTERISTICS 2

3. GROUND WATER RESOURCE OF INDIA 5

4. GROUND WATER DEMAND 7

5. SCARCITY OF GROUND WATER 8

6. CAUSES OF GROUND WATER DEPLETION 9

7. EFFECTS OF GROUND WATER DEPLETION 10

8. REMEDIES 10

9. GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION 13

10. GROUND WATER UALITY CONTROL 18

11. CONCLUSION 20

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G!"#$% W&'(! )* & P!(+)"#* N&')"$&, R(*"#!+(- P!"'(+' )'- P!(*(! ( )' &$% %"$/' ",,#'( )'. S& (G!"#$% W&'(! S& ( H# &$)' .

I$%)& )* ($%" (% )' & !)+ &$% &*' %) (!*)' " $&'#!&, !(*"#!+(*- &'(! ()$ "$( " ' ( . I'*%( (," ($' &$% &$& ( ($' ,& * & )'&, !",( )$ & !)+#,'#!( !"%#+')"$. I$'( !&'(% &'(!

&$& ( ($' )* )'&, "! " (!' !(%#+')"$- ($ )!"$ ($'&, *#*'($&$+( &$% *#*'&)$& ,( (+"$" )+%( (," ($'. N&')"$&, W&'(! P",)+ 2002: ($ )*& (* ' &' ' ( &'(! !(*"#!+(* " ' ( +"#$'!* "#,% ( %( (," (% &$% &$& (% )$ &$ )$'( !&'(% &$$(!.

1. INTRODUCTION;

T ( ) "!'&$+( " !"#$% &'(! "! ' ( (

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A #) (! &!( " ' " ' (*; #$+"$ )$(% &$% +"$ )$(% & #) (!.

I$%)& )* & &*' +"#$'! )' &!)(% %!" ("," )+&, *)'#&')"$* !(*#,')$ !" %) (!*) )(% ("," )+&,-+,) &'"," )+&, &$% '" " !& )+ *(' # . T ( !"+? "! &')"$*- !&$ )$ )$ & ( !" A!+ &(&$ '"

!(+($'- )+ +"$'!", "++#!!($+( &$% " ( ($' " !"#$% &'(!- )%(, &! )$ +" "*)')"$ &$%*'!#+'#!(. P *)" !& &!)(* !" !# (% "#$'&)$"#* '(!!&)$* " H) &,& &*- E&*'(!$ &$%W(*'(!$ G &'* &$% D(++&$ P,&'( '" ' ( ,&' &,,# )&, ,&)$* " ' ( !) (! &,,( * &$% +"&*'&,'!&+'*- &$% ' ( A(",)&$ %(*(!'* )$ (*'(!$ &!'. S) ),&!, !&)$ &,, &''(!$ &,*" * " * !( )"$ )*(

&!)&')"$*. T ( ",," )$ +&'( "!)(* & ( (($ ( ", (% '" %(*+!) ( ' ( !"#$% &'(! + &!&+'(!)*')+* " &!)"#* !"+? ' (* "++#!!)$ )$ ' ( +"#$'! .

1. P"!"#* !"+? "! &')"$*&: U$+"$*",)%&'(% "! &')"$*.

: S( ) +"$*",)%&'(% "! &')"$*

2. H&!% !"+?B +"$*",)%&'(% "! &')"$*

1. Porous rock formatio s:

U co so!i"at#" $ormatio s ; T ( *(%) ($'* +" !)*)$ $( (! &,,# )# - ",%(! &,,# )# &$%+"&*'&, &,,# )# &!( &$% ,&! ( ' ( ) "!'&$' !( "*)'"!)(* " !"#$% &'(!. T (*( &!((**($')&,, +" !)*(* " +,& - *&$%- !& (, &$% "#,%(!*- (!!# )$"#* $"%#,(*- ?&$?&! +&,+&!("#*+"$+!(')"$*:- ('+. T ( (%* " *&$% &$% !& (, &$% ' ()! &% )

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*'!#+'#!&,, ,'(% &*)$*. T "# ' (*( "! &')"$* & ( (($ )%($') )(% '" "**(** "%(!&'("'($')&,- ' ( *)" !& " ' ( '(!!&)$- $"! &,, !(*'!)+'* )'* %( (," ($'. U$%(! & "#!& ,(

*)'#&')"$*- ' (*( *(%) ($'* ) ( !)*( '" &!'(*)&$ +"$%)')"$* &* )$ &!'* " G"%& &!) &,,( -C& & &*)$ &$% &!'* " W(*' C"&*'- P"$%)+ (!! &$% N( (,) )$ T& ), N&%#. P"'($')&, *( )+"$*",)%&'(% & #) (!* &!')+#,&!, ' "*( (,"$ )$ '" G"$% &$&* &$% T(!')&!)(* & ('!&$* )**) )' &,#(* !" 100 '" 2300 2B%& &$% ' ( %!,)+ +"$%#+') )' !" 0.5 '" 70

B%& . G($(!&,, ' ( (,, )(,%* )$ !"%#+') ( &!(&* !&$ ( !" 10 '" 50 , *. L&' ) &$% N& ! *&$%*'"$( )$ R&>&*' &$ &$% T) & *&$%*'"$( )$ T!) #!& *'&'( &,*" "! !"%#+') ( & #) (!*.

2. Har" rock formatio :

I& #ous rock ; T ( "*' +" "$ !"+? ' (* &!( !&$)'(*- $()**(*- + &!$"+?)'(*- ? "$%&,)'(*-#&!'=)'(*- *+ )*' &$% &**"+)&'(% ,,)'(- *,&'(- ('+. T (*( !"+?* "**(** $( ,) ) ,( !) &!"!"*)' #' &!( !($%(!(% "!"#* &$% (! (& ,( %#( '" *(+"$%&! "!"*)' !&+'#!)$ &$%(&' (!)$ . G!"#$% &'(! )(,% &$% ' ( +& & ),)' '" &++( ' !(+ &! ( &,*" %( ($%* "$ !"+? ' (*.

G!&$)'( &$% $()** &!( (''(! !( "*)'"!)(* ' &$ C &!$"+?)'(. T ( !"#$% &'(! *'#%)(* +&!!)(% "#')$ ' ( +! *'&,,)$( &!% !"+?* !( (&, ' ( (

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). GROUND WATER RESOURCE O$ INDIA:

T ( '"'&, !"#$% &'(! !(*"#!+( " & !( )"$ +&$ ( )*#&,)=(% &* ()$ &%( # " ' "+" "$($'*; D $& )+ !(*"#!+( &$% *'&')+ !(*"#!+(. T ( % $& )+ !(*"#!+( !( !(*($'* ' ( *& (

)(,%- )+ )* (**($')&,, ' ( &$$#&, !(+ &! ( ,(** ' ( #$& ")%& ,( $&'#!&, %)*+ &! (. T ( *'&')+!(*"#!+( )* ' ( !"#$% &'(! *'"!& ( & &),& ,( )$ ' ( "!(* " & #) (! &$% )'* (< ,")'&')"$ ,(&%* '"

(! &$($' %( ,(')"$. G($(!&,, ' )* *'&')+ !(*"#!+( )* &$ ') ( ,&! (! ' &$ % $& )+ !(*"#!+(.T ( #'),)*& ,( !"#$% &'(! !(*"#!+( " & !( )"$ )* ' ( *& ( )(,% &' & ) ($ *'&'( " %( (," ($'.O$, % $& )+ +" "$($' )* !( ,($)* & ,( &$% ' ( *'&')+ +" "$($' )* $"$ !( ,($)* & ,(.

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*. GROUND WATER DE+AND:

,. SCARCIT- O$ GROUND WATER:

D#( '" (& %( &$% )$ &!)"#* &* (+'*- " (! (< ,")'&')"$ "++#!!(% &$% +*(* *+&!+)' "!"#$% &'(!.

Name of the Districts (In Pockets) Showing Fall InWater Level More Than 2 Mts ( ! 2" #m$%ear) &s Per

The Long Term Water Level Tren'sD ring The Pre Monsoon (Perio' *++, 2""-)

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. CAUSES O$ GROUND WATER DEP/ETION:G!"#$% &'(! )* &$ )$'( !&, &!' " ' ( ($ )!"$ ($'- &$% ($+( +&$$"' ( ,""?(% # "$ )$ )*",&')"$.T (!( &* (($ & ,&+? " &%( #&'( &''($')"$ '" &'(! +"$*(! &')"$- ( )+)($+ )$ &'(! #*(- &'(!!( #*(- !"#$% &'(! !(+ &! (- &$% (+"* *'( *#*'&)$& ),)' . A$ #$+"$'!",,(% #*( " ' ( "!( (,,'(+ $"," &* ,(% '" ' ( (

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0. E$$ECT O$ GROUND WATER DEP/ETION:

Water-well problems D(+,)$)$ !"#$% &'(! ,( (,* & ( ' !(( &)$ ( (+'* "$ &'(! (,,*. F)!*'-&* ' ( %( ' '" &'(! )$+!(&*(*- ' ( &'(! #*' ( ,) '(% ) (! '" !(&+ ' ( ,&$% *#! &+(. A* ' (,) ' %)*'&$+( )$+!(&*(*- *" %"(* ' ( ($(! !( #)!(% '" %!) ( ' ( # . T #*- " (! +"*'*)$+!(&*( &* !"#$% &'(! ,( (,* %(+,)$(. D( ($%)$ "$ ' ( #*( " ' ( &'(! &$% ' ( ($(!+"*'*- )' & $" ,"$ (! ( (+"$" )+&,, (&*) ,( '" #*( &'(! "! & ) ($ #! "*(. S(+"$%-

!"#$% &'(! ,( (,* & %(+,)$( (," ' ( "''" " (

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ARTI$ICIA/ RECHARGE TECHNI6UES AND DESIGNS:

W)%( * (+'!# * " '(+ $) #(* &!( )$ " #( '" !(+ &! ( !"#$% &'(! !(*(! ")!. S) ),&! '" ' (&!)&')"$* )$ %!" ("," )+&, !& ( "!?- ' ( &!') )+)&, !(+ &! ( '(+ $) #(* '"" &! )%(, . T (

&!') )+)&, !(+ &! ( '(+ $) #(* +&$ ( !"&%, +&'( "!)*(% &* ",," *;

a. Dir#ct surfac# t#c4 i3u#s F,""%)$ @&*)$* "! (!+",&')"$ '&$?*

S'!(& ($'&')"$ D)'+ &$% #!!" * *'( O (! )!!) &')"$

(. Dir#ct su( surfac# t#c4 i3u#s I$>(+')"$ (,,* "! !(+ &! ( (,,* R(+ &! ( )'* &$% * & '* D# (,, !(+ &! ( @"!( ",( ,""%)$ N&'#!&, " ($)$ *- +& )' ),,)$ *.

c. Com(i atio surfac# 7 su(%surfac# t#c4 i3u#s @&*)$ "! (!+",&')"$ '&$?* )' )' * & ' "! (,,*.

". I "ir#ct T#c4 i3u#s I$%#+(% !(+ &! ( !" *#! &+( &'(! *"#!+(. A #) (! "%) )+&')"$.

Roof To8 Rai Wat#r Har9#sti &I$ U! &$ &!(&*- ' ( !"" '" !&)$ &'(! +&$ ( +"$*(! (% &$% #*(% "! !(+ &! ( " !"#$% &'(!.T )* & !"&+ !( #)!(* +"$$(+')$ ' ( "#',(' ) ( !" !"" '" '" %) (!' ' ( &'(! '" ()' (!(

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. T ( &!(& &* "%(!&'( '" ) *," (* &$% #,? " !&)$ &,, )* ,"*' %#( '" ) !#$ " . D) (!($'' (* " &!') )+)&, !(+ &! ( *'!#+'#!(* *#+ &* *# *#! &+( % ?(*- N&,,& #$%*- '&$? (

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>. GROUND WATER CONTA+INATION:

T ( !"#$% &'(! !(*"#!+(* &!( ()$ #'),)=(% "! %!)$?)$ - )!!) &')"$ &$% )$%#*'!)&, #! "*(*.T (!( )* !" )$ +"$+(!$ "$ %('(!)"!&')"$ " !"#$% &'(! #&,)' %#( '" (" ($)+ &$%&$' !" " ($)+ &+') )')(*. T ( #&,)' " !"#$% &'(! &* #$%(! "$( & + &$ ( '" &$ (

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))). A,'(!$&')$ *( #($+( " !(* &'(! &$% *&,)$( &'(! & #) (!*

$!uori"#

F,#"!)$( )* ' ( ,) '(*' ( (! " ' ( &," ($ !"# " (,( ($'*. F,#"!)'( C&F2: )* & +" "$,#"!)%( )$(!&,. T )* )$(!&, &* & !&' (! ," *",# ),)' &$% "++#!* )$ "' ) $("#* &$%

*(%) ($'&! !"+?*. A &')'( C& 5 C,- F- OH: PO 4:3-: +" "$, +"$'&)$* ,#"!)%(. M"*' ,#"!)%(*&!( * &!)$ , *",# ,( &$% &!( !(*($' )$ $&'#!&, &'(! )$ * &,, & "#$'*.

H) +"$+($'!&')"$ " ,#"!)%( )$ !"#$% &'(! ( "$% ' ( (! )**) ,( ,) )' " 1.5 BL )* & &>"! (&,' !" ,( )$ I$%)&. N(&!, 90 " !#!&, " #,&')"$ " ' ( +"#$'! #*(* !"#$% &'(! "!

%!)$?)$ &$% %" (*')+ #! "*(* &$% %#( '" (

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%!"& - T& ), N&%#-R&>&*' &$- W(*' @($ &, &$% U''&! P!&%(* . T ( ) (*' &,#( ()$ 3080 BL "#$% )$ @)?&$(!-R&>&*' &$

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1@. GROUND WATER 6UA/IT- CONTRO/:

SO/'ING SA/INIT- PRO /E+:

I$ I$%)&- *&,)$)' !" ,( * & ( (($ " *(! (% )$ & $# (! " ,&+(* )$ +"&*'&, &!(&* " ' (+"#$'! . P!" ,( " *&,)$)' )$ !(** &* (($ $"')+(% )$ M)$>#! &!(& " T& ), N&%# &$% M&$ !", C "! &% P"! &$%(! (,' &,"$ ' ( S!&* '!& +"&*'. I$ O!)**& )$ &$ 8 10 ? . )%( (,' " S# &!$!(? &- S&,&$%)- @!& & &$) "#' &,, !( )"$* )$ ' ( !"

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T ( !( (%)&, (' "%* & &),& ,( "! !( " )$ I!"$ !" %!)$?)$ &'(! &!(

): C ( )+&, O

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11. CONC/USION:

NATIONAL WATER POLICY 2002:;

1. T (!( * "#,% ( & (!)"%)+&, !(&**(** ($' " ' ( !"#$% &'(! "'($')&, "$ & *+)($') )+ &*)*-'&?)$ )$'" +"$*)%(!&')"$ ' ( #&,)' " ' ( &'(! & &),& ,( &$% (+"$" )+ )& ),)' " )'* (#$+') ( #*( * "#,% ( ($ )*& (% !) ' !" ' ( !">(+' ,&$$)$ *'& ( &$% * "#,% "!&$ )$'( !&, &!' " ' ( !">(+' ) ,( ($'&')"$.

4. O (! (< ,")'&')"$ " !"#$% &'(! * "#,% ( & ")%(% (* (+)&,, $(&! ' ( +"&*' '" !( ($')$ !(** " *(& &'(! )$'" * ((' &'(! & #) (!*.

S" ) ' "*( +&$ ( ",," (% !" (!, - ( +&$ ( (*+& (% !" !"#$% &'(! !" ,( )$ #'#!(.