grigol robaqiZis saxelobis -...

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grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti

danaSaulobis kvlevisa da prognozirebis

centri

samecniero-praqtikuli Jurnali

Jurnali gamodis 2007 wlidan

kriminologi

2 (3)

Tbilisi 2008

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danaSaulobis kvlevisa da prognozirebis centri

samecniero_praqtikuli Jurnali

Kkriminologi

eZRvneba danaSaulobis kvlevisa da prognozirebis centrisa da grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis mier saqarTveloSi amerikis SeerTebu-li Statebis saelCos finansuri mxardaWeriT ganxorcielebul proeqts:

,,axalgazrdoba danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg”

Университет имени Григола Робакидзе Центр Исследования и Прогнозирования Преступности

Научно - практический журнал

Криминолог

Посвящается проекту Центра Исследования и прогнозирования преступности и Университета имени Григола

Робакидзе при финансовой поддержке посольства Соединенных Штатов Америки в Грузии: ,,Молодежь против преступности ”

Grigol Robakidze University The Centre of Study and Prediction of Crime

Scientific – Practical Journal

CRIMINOLOGIST

dedicated to the project: “Youth Against Crime” implemented by Grigol Robakidze University and the Centre of Study and Prediction of Crime with the financial support of the U.S. Embassy in Georgia

3!)4*!

Tbilisi – Тбилиси – Tbilisi 2008

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2007 wlis 15 seqtembridan danaSaulobis kvlevis da prognozirebis centri da grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti. saqarTveloSi amerikis SeerTebili Statebis saelCos mxardaWeriT axorcielebs proeqts:

axalgazrdoba danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg 2008 wlis 29 Tebervals “axalgazrdoba danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg”- pro-eqtis farglebSi gaimarTa mrgvali magida Temaze: “axalgazrdoba da nar-komania” romelsac uZRvebodnen: proeqtis avtori da xelmZRvaneli, dana-Saulobis kvlevisa da prognozirebis centris direqtori, grigol ro-baqiZis saxelobis universitetis sruli profesori malxaz baZaRua; gri-gol robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis reqtori, profesori mamuka Tavx-eliZe. 2008 wlis 4 aprils ,,axalgazrdoba danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg” proeqtis farglebSi gaimarTa mrgvali magida Temaze: ,,trefikingi da axalgazrdoba” romelsac uZRveboda proeqtis avtori da xelmZRvaneli, danaSaulobis kvlevisa da prognozirebis centris direqtori, grigol robaqiZis saxelo-bis universitetis sruli profesori malxaz baZaRua; proeqtis monawileebs sociologiuri kvlevis Sedegebi gaacno proeqtis asistentma cira Wan-turiam. diskusiaSi monawileoba miiRes: gr. roaqiZis saxelobis univer-sitetis reqtorma, profesorma – mamuka TavxeliZem; adamianTa vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg gamarTuli RonisZiebebis ganmaxorcielebeli sau-wyebaTaSoriso sakoordinacio sabWos mdivanma – qeTevan xuciSvilma; ada-mianTa vaWrobis (trefikingis) dazaralebulTa dacvis saxelmwifo fondis direqtorma – marina mesxma; saqarTvelos iuristTa asociaciis ,,ara! – ada-mianebiT trefikings” proeqtis koordinatorma - xaTuna WiTanavam; gr. ro-baqiZis saxelobis universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis doqtorantma - sofo asaniZem; gr. robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis iuridiuli fa-kultetis studentma – nino endelaZem. mrgvali magidis monawileebma miiRes rekomendaciebi. proeqtis farglebSi kavSiri damyarda aSS-s kriminologiur sazogadoebas-Tan, romlis aRmasrulebeli direqtori, profesori kris eskriji romelic amasanave aris Cveni Jurnalis saredaqcio kolegiis wevri 11 – 14 ivniss vizitiT imyofeboda q. TbilisSi, Sedga Sexvedrebi saqarTvelos generalur prokuraturaSi, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi, afxazeTis mTavrobaSi da arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi. aseve Sexvda proeqtis mona-wileebs da gr. robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis profesor – maswavleblebs da studentebs, romlebsac waukiTxa leqcia Te-maze: ,,kriminologia da Tanamedrove samyaros gamowvevebi 21-e saukuneSi”. grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis reqtorma profesorma mamuka TavxeliZem universitetis sapatio profesoris damadasturebeli sigeli gadasca baton krist eskrijs, daisaxa Semdgomi TanamSromlobis gegmebi.

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2008 wlis 12 ivniss aSS-s saelCoSi Sedga proeqtis daxurvis prezentacia, romelzec sityviT gamovidnen: saqarTveloSi aSS-s saelCos warmomadgeneli qalbatoni - magda maRraZe; proeqtis avtori da centris direqtori, profe-sori malxaz baZaRua; gr. robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis reqtori, profesori – mamuka TavxeliZe, saqarTveloSi aSS-s saelCos presisa da sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis ataSe batoni – stefane gaisi. proeqtis mo-nawileebs gadaecaT serTifikatebi da madlobis baraTebi. aRniSnul JurnalSi gamoqveynebulia proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZie-bebis masalebi. saredaqcio kolegia: malxaz baZaRua _ profesori, mTavari redaqtori mamuka TavxeliZe _ profesori roman Sengelia _ profesori oTar kvaWaZe ramaz beriZe _ profesori, aSS mixeil baZaRua jemal janaSia _ profesori marina kvaWaZe _ profesori qris eskriji – profesori, aSS cira Wanturia giorgi Rlonti _ profesori giorgi Todria _ profesori

ISSN 1512-3804 © gr. robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti

© danaSaulobis kvlevisa da prognozirebis centri

redaqciis misamarTi: q.Tbilisi, jano bagrationis q. #6

[email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]

С 15 сентября 2007 года университет им. Григола Робакидзе и Центр Исследования и прогнозирования приступности, с финансовой поддержкой посольства Соединенных Штатов Америки в Грузии осушествляют проект:

“Молодежь против преступности”

29 февраля 2008 в рамках проекта ,,Молодежь против преступности” состоялся круглый стол: ,,Молодежь и наркомания” под руководством автора проекта, директора центра исследования и прогнозирования преступности профессора университета им. Григола Робакидзе Малхазом Бадзагуа, ректора университета им. Григола Робакидзе, профессора Мамукой Тавхелидзе и главным научным-консультантом центра, профессора Романом Шенгелия. 4 апреля 2008 в пределах того же проекта ,,Молодежь против преступности” состоялся круглый стол на тему: ,,Трефикинг и Молодежь”. Руководил встречей автор проекта, директор центра исследования и прогнозирования преступности, профессор университета им. Григола Робакидзе Малхаз Бадзагуа. Асистентка проекта Цира Чантурия ознакомила участников круглого стола итогами социального исследования. В дискусии приняли участие: Ректор им. Григола Робакидзе, профессор Мамука Тавхелидзе; секретарь межведомственного координационного совета осуществляющий мероприятия против трефикинга Кетеван Хуцишвили; директор государственного фонда защищающий жертв трефикинга Марина Месхи; координатор проекта ассоциация молодых юристов грузии «Нет! – Трефикингу людьми» Хатуна Читанава; докторантка юидического факультета университета им. Григола Робакидзе Софио Асанидзе; студентка 3-го курса юридического факультета университета им. Григола Робакидзе Нино Енделадзе. Участники круглого стола приняли рекомендации. В рамках проекта былы установлены отношения с криминологическим обществом США и его исполнительным директором профессором Крис Ескриджем, который также является членом редколлегии нашего журнала, находящиймся с 11 по 14 июня 2008 года с визитом в Тбилиси. Состоялись встречи в генеральной прокуратуре Грузии, в министерстве внутренних дел Грузии, в правительстве Абхазии, в неправительственных организациях. Профессор Ескридж встретился с участниками проекта, с профессорами, с лекторами и студентами юридического факультета университета им. Григола Робакидзе, и прочёл лекцию на тему: «Криминология и проблемы современного мира в ХХI веке». Ректор им. Григола Робакидзе, профессор Мамука Тавхелидзе наградил профессора Ескриджа дипломом почетного профессора. Во время встречи был обсужден план будущего сотрудничества. 12 июня 2008 года, в посольстве США в Грузии состоялась презентация закрытия проекта, на котором выступили, представитель посольства США в Грузии Магда Маградзе, автор проекта и директор центра профессор Малхаз Бадзагуа, ректор университета им. Григола Робакидзе, профессор Мамука Тавхелидзе, атташе посольства США в Грузии со связью с прессой и с общественностью Стефан Гаисс. Участником проекта передали сертификаты и благодарственные дипломы. В данном журнале опубликованы материалы круглого стола.

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Редакционный совет: Малхаз Бадзагуа – Профессор, Главный редактор Мамука Тавхелидзе - Профессор Роман Шенгелия - Профессор Отар Квачадзе Рамаз Беридзе – Профессор, США Михайл Бадзагуа Джемал Джанашия - Профессор Марина Квачадзе - Профессор Крис Эскридж - Профессор, США Цира Чантурия Гиоргий Глонти – Профессор Гиоргий Тодрия - Профессор ISSN 1512-3804 © Университет им. Григола Робакидзе

© «Центр исследования и прогнозирования преступности»

Адрес редакции: Тбилиси, ул. Джано Багратиони #6

[email protected]

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Since September 15, 2007 Grigol Robakidze University and The Centre of Study and Prediction of Crime with the financial support of the U.S. Embassy in Tbilisi are carrying out the project:

“Youth against crime” On the February 29, 2008 within the project “Youth against Crime” was held the Round Table on the theme “Youth and Drug Addiction” which was supervised by the author of the project and di-rector of the Centre of Study and Prediction of Crime, Full Professor of Grigol Robakidze Univer-sity Malkhaz Badzagua, the Rector of Grigol Robakidze University Professor Mamuka Tavk-helidze. On the April 4, 2008 within the scope of the project “Youth against Crime” was held the Round Ta-ble on the theme “Trafficking and Youth” which was supervised by the author of the project and director of the Centre of Study and Prediction of Crime, Full Professor of Grigol Robakidze Univer-sity Malkhaz Badzagua. The assistant of the project Tsira Chanturia informed the participants about the results of the social research. The Rector of Grigol Robakidze University - Professor Mamuka Tavkhelidze, the Secretary of the Interdepartmental Coordination Council accomplishing measures against human trafficking - Ketevan Khutsishvili, Director of the State Fund defending victims of human trafficking - Marina Meskhi, the Coordinator of the project of the Lawyers’ Association of Georgia “No! to Trafficking” - Khatuna Chitanava, the doctoral students of the Faculty of Law of Grigol Robakidze University – Sophio Asanidze, the students of the Faculty of Law of Grigol Ro-bakidze University –Nino Endeladze took part in the discussion. The participants of the Round Ta-ble accepted the recommendations. Within the scope of the project were established the relations with the American Society of Crimi-nology. The Executive Director of this Society Professor Chris Eskridge, who at the same time is the member of the editorial board of our journal, was on a visit in Tbilisi on June 11 – 14, 2008. The meetings were held at the State Office of Public Prosecutor of Georgia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, the Government of Abkhazia, and non-governmental organizations. Professor Eskridge met the participants of the project, professors, lecturers and students of the Faculty of Law of Grigol Robakidze University. He read the lecture on a theme: “Crime and Justice in the 21st Cen-tury”. The Rector of Grigol Robakidze University Professor Mamuka Tavkhelidze awarded Profes-sor Eskridge the Diploma of Honorary Professor. During the meeting were discussed the plans of future collaboration. On June 12, 2008 the presentation of closing of the project was held in the U.S. Embassy in Geor-gia. The representative of the U.S. Embassy in Georgia – Ms Magda Magradze, the author of the project and the director of the centre Professor Malhaz Badzagua, the Rector of Grigol Robakidze University Professor Mamuka Tavhelidze, Press and Information Attaché of the U.S. Embassy in Georgia Mr. Stephen Guice made speech during the presentation. The participants of the project were presented the certificates and thankful cards. In the given journal are published the materials of the events considered within the scope of the pro-ject.

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Editorial Board: Malkhaz Badzagua – Professor, Chief Editor Mamuka Tavkhelidze - Professor Roman Shengelia - Professor Otar Kvachadze Ramaz Beridze – Professor, USA Mikheil Badzagua Jemal Janashia - Professor Marina Kvachadze - Professor Chris Eskridge – Profesor, USA Tsira Chanturia Giorgi Glonti – Professor Giorgi Todria - Professor

ISSN 1512-3804 © Grigol Robakidze University

© The Center of Study and Prediction of Crime

Address of the publication-house: Tbilisi, 6 Jano Bagrationi street [email protected]

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s a r C e v i jemal janaSia narkotikebis ukanono brunvasTan da narkomaniasTan brZolis samarTlebriv-socialuri aspeqtebi da perspeqtivebi ................................................................... 15 qeTevan SavguliZe, marina SaqaraSvili, nino mamulaSvili art-Terapia _ mozardebSi narkomaniis prevenciis da narkodamokidebulTa mkurnalobis efeqturi meTodi................................................................................................................................. 26 qeTevan afciauri mediis roli narkomaniasTan brZolaSi......................................................................................................... 31 giorgi mircxulava narkotikebis legalizaciis upiratesobebi akrZalvasTan SedarebiT........................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 lolita Sengelia narkomaniis zogadi problematikis mimoxilva mozardebisaTvis .................................. 45 Tea qavTaraZe, Tamar qurTauli narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi ................................................... 56 mari CxaiZe, nana jayeli, ana korinTeli narkomania, danaSaulis zRvarze myofi avadmyofoba .................................................................... 63 ekaterine CxaiZe, darina muTiZe narkomania da narkomaniiT daavadebuli adamianebis kriminologiuri daxasiaTeba ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 69 beqar qoCiaSvili narkobiznesis sisxlissamarTlebrivi da kriminologiuri aspeqtebi......................... 76 amiran mosuliSvili msubuqi narkotikuli saSualebebis legaslizaciis SesaZlo Tanxvedri Sedegebi saqarTveloSi...................................................................................................................................................... 79 ana grigolia narkomania: daavadeba Tu danaSauli.................................................................................................................. 87 akaki CalaTaSvili narkotikis ziani adamianisaTvis da misi prevenciis gzebi ................................................... 96 marina kvaWaZe komentarebi saqarTveloSi narkomaniasTan brZolis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb................................................................................................................................................................................................ 103 irma manjaviZe mozardis Ffsiqo-socialuri Taviseburebebi da motivacia narkotikebis moxmarebisaTvis...................................................................................................................................................................... 114 mrgvali magidis ,,axalgazrdoba da narkomania” daskvniTi rekomendaciebi............................................................................................................................................................................ 124

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giorgi Rlonti adamianis ,,trefikingis” kvalifikaciis zogierTi sakiTxi saqarTvelos axali kanonmdeblobis mixedviT ......................................................................................................................... 126 wovinar nazarova samxreT kavkasiaSi adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingi) winaaRmdeg brZolaSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba ............................................................................................ 129 mixeil baZaRua adamianTa vaWroba (trefikingi) da sajaro politika saqarTveloSi ................... 134 TamTa SagulaSvili trefikingi anu monoba XXI saukuneSi .......................................................................................................... 139 sofio barnabiSvili, eka saaTaSvili trefikingi-axalgazrdobis ,,gadarCenis” gza ........................................................................................ 145 ia dadunaSvili saqarTvelo, rogorc SromiTi migraciisa da adamianebiT vaWrobis

wyaro qveyana ............................................................................................................................................................................. 152 natalia maisuraZe trefikingis problemebi samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi ................................................................ 156 Tamar mardaleiSvili trefikingis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli migraciis saerTaSoriso

organizaciis saqmianobebi saqarTveloSi .............................................................................................. 166 mrgvali magidis ,,trefikingi da axalgazrdoba” daskvniTi rekomendaciebi kris eskriji kriminologia da Tanamedrove samyaros gamowvevebi 21-e saukuneSi ....................... 171

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Содержание Джемал Джанашия Социально-правовые аспекты и перспективы борьбы с наркоманией и с незаконным оборотом наркотиков .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Кетеван Шавгулидзе, Марина Шакарашвили, Нино мамулашвили Арт-терапия - эффективный метод превенции наркомании среди молодежи и для лечения наркоманов.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Кетеван Апсиаури Роль медии против наркомании .............................................................................................................................................. 31 Гиоргий Мирцхулава Преимущество легализации наркотиков по сравнению с запретом .................................................................... 35 Лолита Шенгелия Общий обзор проблем наркомании для подростков .................................................................................................... 45 Тея Кавтарадзе, Тамар Куртаули Правовые аспекты борьбы с наркоманией ........................................................................................................................ 56 Мари Чхаидзе, Нана Джакели, Анна Коринтели Наркомания, болезнь на грани преступности .................................................................................................................. 63 Екатерина Чхаидзе, Дарина Мутидзе Криминальная характеристика наркомании и больных наркоманов............................................................ 69 Бекар Кочиашвили Правовые и криминологические аспекты наркобизнеса ........................................................................................... 76 Амиран Мосулишвили Возможные последствия легализации легких наркотических средств в Грузии.......................................... 79 Анна Григолия Наркомания: болезнь или преступление ............................................................................................................................ 87 Акаки Чалаташвили Ущерб от наркотиков и превенциальные меры .............................................................................................................. 96 Марина Квачадзе Комментарии к законодательству борьбы с наркоманией в Грузии ................................................................... 103 Ирма Манджавидзе Психо-социальные особенности подросткового возраста и мотивация к приминению наркотических веществ ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 114 Рекомендации принятые в рамках круглого стола ,, Молодежь и наркомания“ ................................... 124

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Гиоргии Глонти Некоторые вопросы квалификаций торговли людьми согласно новому грузинскому законодательству ............................................................................................................................................................................. 126 Цовинар Назарова Международное сотрудничество на Южном Кавказе по проведению борьбы торговлей людьми ....................................................................................................................... 129 Михеил Бадзагуа Торговля людьми (трефикинг) и государственная политика в Грузии.............................................................. 134 Тамта Шагулашвили Трефикинг или рабство в XXI веке ...................................................................................................................................... 139 Софио Барнабишвили, Ека Сааташвили Трефикинг-путь ,,спасения” малодëжи ............................................................................................................................... 145 Иа Дадунашвили Грузия, как страна источник трудовой миграции и торговлей людьми........................................................... 152 Наталья Маисурадзе Праблема трефикинга в страннах Южного Кавказа..................................................................................................... 156 Тамар Мардалеишвили Действия международной организации миграции против трефикинга в Грузии ............................ 166 Рекомендации принятые на круглом столе ,,Трефикинг и Молодежь“ Крис Ескридж Криминология и проблемы современного мира в 21 веке ........................................................................................ 171

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The Content

Jemal Janashia Social and legal aspects and prospects of struggle against drug addiction and illegal rotation of drugs ................................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Ketevan Shavgulidze, Marina Shakarashvili, Nino Mamulashvili Art therapy – effective method of drug prevention among youth and for treatment of drug abusers .................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Ketevan Aptsiauri The role of media in struggle against drug addiction ......................................................................................................... 31 George Mirtskhulava Advantage of drug legalization in comparison with prohibition.................................................................................... 35 Lolita Shengelia Review of the problem of drug addiction for youth ............................................................................................................ 45 Tea Kavtaradze, Tamar Kurtauli Legal aspects of struggle against drug addiction .................................................................................................................. 56 Mari Chkhaidze, Nana Jakeli, Ann Korinteli Drug addiction, illness on the verge of crime ........................................................................................................................ 63 Ekaterine Chkhaidze, Darina Mutidze Criminological characteristic of drug addiction and drug abusers ................................................................................ 69 Bekar Kochiashvili Legal and criminological aspects of narcobusiness............................................................................................................. 76 Amiran Mosulishvili Possible outcomes of the Legalization of light narcotic drugs in Georgia ................................................................ 79 Ann Grigolia Drug addiction: disease or crime ................................................................................................................................................. 87 Akaki Chalatashvili The harm from drugs and the preventive ways .................................................................................................................... 96 Marina Kvachadze Comments under the legislation of struggle against a drug use in Georgia .............................................................. 103 Irma Manjavidze Psycho-social particularities of adolescence and motivation to drug abuse.............................................................. 114 Recommendations developed at the round table “Youth against Crime” .............................................................. 124

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Georgi Glonti Qualification issues of human “trafficking” according to the new Georgian legislation..................................... 126 Tsovinar Nazarova International collaboration in struggle against human trafficking in South Caucasus .................................. 129 Mikheil Badzagua Human trafficking and state policy in Georgia ..................................................................................................................... 134 Tamta Shagulashvili

Human trafficking or slavery in the XXI century ................................................................................................................ 139 Sophio Barnabishvili, Eka Saatashvili Trafficking - the way of “saving” youth .................................................................................................................................. 145 Ia Dadunashvili Georgia, as the source country of labour migrations and human trafficking............................................................ 152 Natalia Maisuradze Problems of trafficking in the countries of South Caucasus ............................................................................................ 156 Tamar Mardaleishvili Counter trafficking activities of IOM in Georgia ................................................................................................................. 166 Recommendations developed at the round table “Trafficking and Youth” Chris Eskridge Crime and justice in the 21st century ........................................................................................................................................ 171

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jemal janaSia

narkotikebis ukanono brunvasTan da narkomaniasTan brZolis samarTlebriv - socialuri

aspeqtebi da perspeqtivebi Zvirfaso megobrebo da kolegebo! dRevandeli Cveni Sexvedra mimdinareobs saqarTveloSi arsebuli nar-kotikuli situaciis fonze, romelic umZimesia, ukanaskneli ramodeni-me aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi. Tu gadavxedavT am problematikis istorias davinaxavT, rom misi afeTqeba Cvens qveyanaSi ramodenimejer aris dafiqsirebuli. pirvelad am movlenis momswreni viyaviT 80-iani wlebis bolos, Tumca igi Tavisi arc Tu didi masStabebis gamo specialistTa da mecnierTa garkveuli jgufisaTvis iyo mxolod SesamCnevi. narkotikuli situaciis meore SesamCnevi afeTqebis momswreni gavxdiT 1992-95 wlebSi, saqarTveloSi mimdinare samoqalaqo omisa da eTnokom-fliqtebis fonze, rodesac im cnobili movlenebisas narkotikebi meo-marTaTvis saomari operaciebis win mastimulirebeli saSualeba, xolo brZolis Semdeg damamSvidebeli saSualeba gaxldaT. swored am periodSi saerTaSoriso mafia aqtiurad eZebs, Semdeg aya-libebs kidec, aziidan evropisaken umokles da ukontrolo narkotra-sebs samxreT kavkasiis gavliT. evropuli da amerikuli specsamsaxure-bi amave periodSi afiqsireben narkotikebis didi partiebis miwodebas kavkasiuri marSrutebis gavliT, romelSic samwuxarod saqarTveloc CaerTo. gagacnobT erT aseT SemTxvevas: 1998 wlis 8 ianvars sarfis sabaJoze Turqma mebaJeebma turistuli avtobusis samalavidan, romelmac TiTq-mis mTeli saqarTvelo gadasera—amoiRes 486kg da 976gr. heroini. ramodenime xniT adre, CeCneTSi momdinare saomari moqmedebebis para-lelurad iq mTeli datvirTviT amuSavda heroinis laboratoria, ker-Zod, raionul centri SaliSi, saidanac narkotikebis ara erTi partia gadaizida vertmfreniT evropisaken da rogorc evropeli specsam-saxurebi azusteben maTi saboloo dasawyobebis adgili famagustas porti iyo. 90-iani wlebis Sua periodSi aralegalurad sintetikuri narkotikebi mzaddeboda azerbaijanis sumgaiTSi-(qimiuri mrewvelobis centrSi), saidanac igi ZiriTadad dsT-s sivrceSi vrceldeba. mokled, swored am periodSi intensiurad yalibdeba narkotikebis kav-kasiuri marSrutebi, romlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi veqtori saqarTvelos teritoriaze gadioda, sadac Camoyalibda da intensiurad moqmedebda narkotikebis tranzitis da aseve Sida gavrcelebis Svidi marSruti.

saqarTveloSi narkotikebis tranzitisa da gavrcelebis marSrutebi

(ruqa)

narkotikuli situaciis mesame afeTqebis momswreni saqarTveloSi ukve 21-e saukuneSi gavxdiT, rodesac misma moxmarebam Cveni qveynisaTvis saSiS dones miaRwia da Tu daveyrdnobiT saeTaSoriso organizaciebis monacemebs dRes saqarTveloSi yvelaze optimisturi gaangariSebiT 200 aTasi narkomani da narkotikis momxmarebeli cxovrobs, Tumca SeiZle-ba iTqvas, rom am or kategorias Soris zRvari sakmaod pirobiTia. saerTod ki rogorc am sferos eqsperti vTvli, rom mocemuli sta-tistikuri monacemebi aSkarad gazviadebulia da ai ratom: statisti-kur monacemebSi ver aisaxeba mosaxleobis im asakis moqalaqeebi, ro-melTa xnovanebam 60-s gadaaWarba, amave statistikur monacemebSi ver moxvdeba 12 wlamde asakis mozardebi e.i. Cveni kvlevis obieqti 2 mi-lionamde an ufro naklebi moqalaqe iqneba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT sa-qarTveloSi arsebuli migraciis udides maStabebsac. aseT monacemebze dayrdnobiT gamodis, rom qveynis mosaxleobis 12-15% narkotikebis aq-tiuri momxmarebelia, rac ararealuria. ase, rom iyos es eris “ko-leqtiur intoqsikacias” niSnavs. aseTi maStabebi me-17-me-18 saukunis CineTSic ar yofila, rodesac “imperias” opiumis masiuri moxmarebis gamo gaqrobac ki emuqreboda. saWiroa siRrmeuli, mravalmxrivi fundamenturi gamokvlevis Catareba, romelic mogvcemda realur suraTs, swori daskvnebisa da prognozi-rebis aseve ekonomikuri da adamianuri resursebis swori gaTvlebis gasakeTeblad, rac ase mniSvnelovania CvenisTana SezRuduli resurse-bis mqone qveynisaTvis.

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amJamad saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mecnierTa da praqtikos muSakTa erT-erTi umTavresi mizania, ganvsazRvroT Tu rogor vebrZoloT am mravalmilioniani mogebis momtan narkobizness da riT SeiZleba avxs-naT, rom miuxedavad msoflios qveynebis mier gaweuli kolosaluri xarjebisa problemis simwvave ar klebulobs? axsna erTia, narkotikebiT vaWrobas sxva kriminalur qmedebebTan Se-darebiT udidesi mogeba aqvs. ai narkobiznesis umTavresi Tviseba: minimaluri danaxarjebiT maqsi-maluri mogebis miReba. specialistebisaTvis cnobilia, xolo sazogadoebisaTvis kidev erTxel gavusvavT xazs im garemoebas, rom yayaCos produqciis (opiumi, heroini, morfini) Rirebuleba mwarmoeblidan momxmareblamde 700-jer izrdeba, xolo kokainisa 2000-jer, maSin, rodesac navTobis da bambis mamravli mxolod 40-s utoldeba. cnobisaTvis narkoSemcveli mcena-reebis ukanono plantaciebi msoflioSi 200 000 heqtarze xarobs, ro-melTagan weliwadSi 4000 tona opiumi, 450 tona heroini da 350 tona kokaini iwarmoeba. ukanono brunvidan ki weliwadSi saSualod, mxo-lod: 200 tona opiumi da 20 tona kokainia amoRebuli. kidev erTi ci-fri, maSin rodesac msoflios saerTo erovnulma Semosavalma weli-wadSi 5 trilion dolars gadaaWarba da aqedan 1 trilioni dolari Sav bizness ekuTvnis, TiTqmis misi naxevari narkobiznesze modis. calke unda SevexoT narkotikebisa da sxvadasxva saxis konfliqtebs Soris urTierTkavSirs. amis naTeli magaliTia, aziaSi, kavkasiaSi, balkaneTSi da msoflios sxva sivrceebSi mimdinare movlenebi. misi Seswavla gviCvenebs, rom iq mimdinare konfliqtebs, separatistul moZraobebs, samoqalaqo omebs, TiTqmis yovelTvis win uswrebda an Tan sdevda narkotikuli situaciebis gamwvaveba.

konfliqturi da narkotikuli kavkasia

(ruqa)

am sivrceebSi mudmivad muSaobda formula:

narkotikebi iaraRi

aseve aRsaniSnavia narkotikebis da terorizmis urTierTkavSiri, ro-melic mravali faqtoriTaa ganpirobebuli, romelTagan umTavresi cvalebadi politikuri garemoebebia. narkotikebis msoflio istorii-dan cnobilia, rom misi yvelaze didi afeTqeba swored civi omis pe-riods emTxveva. gamomdinare zemoaRniSnulidan, narkotikebi msoflio wesrigisaTvis mravalaspeqtiani problema gaxda da misma gamoyenebam da transpor-tirebam mravali qveynis politikur, ekonomikur da socialur sferoze moaxdina gavlena. swored amitom msoflios yvela qveynisTvis da saerTaSoriso organi-zaciebisaTvis narkotikebis sakiTxi upirvelesia maTi muSaobis dRis wesrigSi: mSvidobis ganviTarebis, garemos dacvisa da sxva saxelm-wifo mniSvnelobis sakiTxTa gverdiT.

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exla neba momeciT ramodenime mosazreba narkotikebis Sida erovnul da regionalur problemebze mogaxsenoT. vTvli, rom narkobiznesTan brZolis msoflio sistemidan TviTizo-laciam da zogierT SemTxvevebSi narkotikebis problemisadmi araadek-vaturma midgomam da im ideologiam, rom narkotikebis moxmareba da transportireba damaxasiaTebelia mxolod kapitalisturi samyarosaT-vis, mogvca is Sedegi, rom Cveni samarTaldamcavi organoebi, jamrTe-lobis sfero, finansuri wreebi, gansakuTrebiT ki samarTlebrivi baza moumzadebeli aRmoCnda narkotikebis ukanono brunvis gazrdili masStabebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. dRes TiTqmis Tavidan gviwevs am sistemebis mowyoba da funqcionireba, rac sakmaod mZime, Sromatevadi da finansuri TvalsazrisiT Zviri procesia. samwuxarod arc Secdomebia iSviaTi, rodesac eqspertTa azris gauT-valiswineblad xdeba am samsaxurebis Camoyalibeba. igi iwvevs siste-maTa dublirebas, rac ase mniSvnelovania CvenisTana SezRuduli re-sursebis mqone qveynisTvis. Tu gavaanalizebT samarTaldamcavi struqturebis muSaobas ukanask-neli 7 wlis ganmavlobaSi narkotikebis ukanono brunvis xaziT davi-naxavT, rom am saxis danaSaulTa mkveTr zrdasTan gvaqvs saqme. kerZod 2000 wels narkotikebis ukanono brunvis xaziT aRiZra 1671 sisxlis samarTlis saqme, 2001 wels_1789, 2002 wels_2196, 2003 wels_1745, 2004_1159, 2005_1760, 2006_3542, xolo 2007 wels am maCvenebel-ma_rekordul cifrs 8493-s miaRwia, saidanac mZime saxisaa mxo-lod_1970, maT Soris; kontrabanda_71, narkotikis realizacia_151, da-narCeni_6301 rogorc Cans es aris saqme aRZruli sacalo narkomovaW-reebis mimarT, romlebic narkotikul saSualebebs ZiriTadad piradi moxmarebisTvis inaxaven da sazogadoebisTvis araviTar saSiSroebas ar warmoagenen. statistikuri monacemebi erTis mxriv miuTiTebs samarTaldamcavi struqturebis, pirvel rigSi Sss-s gaaqtiurebaze, meore mxriv ki sta-tistikuri monacemebi aseve gviCvenebs, rom mkveTrad gaizarda narko-tikebis ukanono brunvisaTvis gasamarTlebul pirTa raodenoba da im pirTa raodenobac romelnic aseTi danaSaulisaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi iqna moTavsebuli, ramac gamoiwvia maTi damnaSa-veTa samyarosTan ufro mWidrod dakavSireba da saerTaSoriso narko-biznesTan integrirebuli organizebuli dajgufebebis Seqmna. am pro-blemis analizi aseve miuTiTebs, rom am ukanono biznesSi aqtiurad arian CarTuli evropis mraval qveyanaSi, mcxovrebi qarTuli diaspo-ris warmomadgenlebic romelnic mudmivi samuSaos Ziebis gamo advi-lad da aqtiurad erTvebian narkotikebis wriul kontrabandul qse-lebSi. saerTod aRiarebulia, rodesac konfliqtebi, separatistuli moZraoba da omebi usasrulod iWimeba, diasporis wevrebi da ltolvilTa jgu-febi mravalnair komerciaSi erTvebian maT Soris ukanonoSic da saqme, romelic dasawyisSi elementarulad Tavis rCenis wyaros warmomad-genda, mokle xanSi dasabams aZlevs seriozul savaWro qselebs. ase iqmneba danaSaulebrivi kavSirebi diasporasa da kontrabandul qse-

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lebs Soris da axla es ukanasknelni TavianTi ubedurebidan mogeba-sac ki naxuloben, xolo ukanono biznesi TandaTan Zalas ikrebs. mokled dRes paradoqsuli situacia Seiqmna. saerTaSoriso organiza-ciebi mudmivad imaze muSaoben, rom Seqmnan iseTi sistemebi, romelic SeebrZoleba narkotikebis SeRwevas aziidan evropul sivrceSi, xolo exla TviT Cven gviwevs Tavis dacva Warbi evropuli narkotikebisagan da rac dro gava es problema ufro da ufro gamwvavdeba. amis naTeli magaliTia, suboteqsis, éeqstazisa da sxva iafi da xelmisawvdomi sin-tetiuri narkotikebis didi odenobiT gavrceleba da moxmareba sa-qarTveloSi, romelTanac sabrZolvelad Cveni samarTaldamcavi da janmrTelobis sferos struqturebi mzad ar aRmoCndnen. aseT dros narkotikebis ukanono tranzitisa da qveyanaSi Semotanis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs sabaJo samsaxuris efeq-tur saqmianobas. msoflio praqtika gviCvenebs, rom swori sistemebis funqcionirebisas qveyanaSi ukanono brunvidan amoRebuli narkotike-bis naxevarze meti sabaJo gamSveb punqtebze modis, saqarTveloSi ki sabaJo sistemaSi am xaziT muSaoba naklebad efeqturia, radgan iq aseTi struqturebi an ar arsebobs an kidev dabali profesionalizmiT gamoirCeva. kidev erTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxi, romelic am problemas Tan sdevs es aris narkobiznesis piramidis problema. am saxis danaSaulis saxelmwifoTaSorisi xasiaTis gamo iSviTia SemTxveva, rodesac specsamsaxurebi narkotikebis ukanono transpor-tirebis operaciebis rTuli jaWvis yvela monawiles aaSkaraveben, gan-sakuTrebiT ki mis saTaves. narkotikebTan mebrZoli samsaxurebi, ro-gorc wesi narkopiramidis ZirSi fusfuseben. narkomafiis rTuli da mravalwaxnagovani buneba SesaniSnavad Seafasa Cemma italielma kolegam: “narkotikebis kontrabanduli organizacia spagetis TefSs hgavs, TiTqos TiToeuli erTmaneTs exeba, magram ar xar darwmunebuli, sadamdis wagiyvans igi. zogjer daviWerT viRacas, romelic Cveni rwmeniT mniSvnelovania daWeris momentamde, magram xelSi CagdebisTanave is pawawina TaRliTad iqceva xolme da mis ad-gilze viRac ufro mniSvnelovani Cndeba”. swored amitom narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufe-bis liderebis dasadgenad da dasakaveblad saWirod mimaCnia, iseTi samarTlebrivi bazis SemuSaveba rom sagamoZiebo da operatiul jgu-febs gauadvildeT da efeqturad SeeZloT saTanado RonisZiebebis ga-tareba sxva saxelmwifoebis teritoriaze. kidev erTi mniSvnelovani Tema: jer kidev Zveli berZnebi ambobdnen “brZeni kanonmdebeli damnaSavis dasjis nacvlad ecdeba Tavidan ai-cilos danaSauli” e.i. Tanamedrove gagebiT saubaria danaSaulis pre-venciaze. am Temaze saubari gadamawyvetina am bolo periodSi presaSi da tele-viziaSi gavrcelebulma informaciam da debatebma marixuanas aramavne-blobis Sesaxeb da rom SesaZlebelia misi nawilobrivi legalizebac ki.

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am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania axalgazrdobisaTvis swori orienti-rebis gansazRvra, ai ra maqvs mxedvelobaSi: Teoriidan cnobilia, rom axalgazrdobis mniSvnelovani nawili, maT Soris arasrulwlovnebic kanonmorCilni arian, e.i. kanonis normebis moTxovnebidan gamomdinare Tavs ikaveben narkotikebis moxmarebisgan. garkveuli saxis narkotike-bis (magaliTad marixuanas) legalizeba an kanonis normebis nawilo-brivi liberalizacia bevr axalgazrdas maTi moxmarebisken ubiZgebs, rasac isini sxva SemTxvevaSi ar gaakeTebdnen, amas moyveba is, rom mkveTrad gaizrdeba narkotikebTan arakanonier SexebaSi myofi axal-gazrdebis, maT Soris arasrulwlovnebis ricxvi. amitom Cvenis azriT da am azrs iziarebs bevri mecnieri da praqtiko-si muSaki, garda sxva Semakavebeli faqtorebisa, qveynis moqalaqeebma adreuli asakidan unda icodnen, rom qveyanaSi narkootikebis arasame-dicino daniSnulebiT moxmareba kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebaa. calke msjelobas moiTxovs mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqos nar-kotikebis nawilobrivi legalizeba (marixuana) xels Seuwyobs narko-manebis gamovlenas da Tavidan agvacilebs kanonsawinaaRmdego qmede-bebs samarTaldamcavTa mxridan. veravin gansazRvravs narkotikebis borotad gamoyenebis masStabebs misi nawilobrivi legalizebis SemTxvevaSi. erTi ram cxadia, rasac mecnieruli gamokvlevebic adasturebs, rom marixuanas yoveli meoTxe-mexuTe momxmarebeli mZime narkotikze (opiumi, heroini, kokaini) gada-dis. ufro metic swored marixuana gaxda saqarTveloSi qalTa narko-maniis maprovocirebeli faqtori, risi dasturic dRes qveyanaSi arse-buli situaciaa. rogorc am dargSi sakmao praqtikuli gamocdilebis specialisti, minda dagarwmunoT, rom narkotikebis nawilobrivi an mTliani lega-lizeba narkobizness axal biZgs miscems, gaZlierdeba misi masStabebi – daiwyeba konkurencia Sida bazarze, sagrZnoblad moimatebs narko-tikebis “importi” (kontrabanda) qveynis farglebs garedan da rac yvelaze ufro sagangaSoa Cveni klimaturi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, daiwyeba narkotikuli navTierebebis Semcveli mcenareebis masiuri daTesva da moyvana e.i. Seiqmneba narkotikebis warmoebis Sida bazari da praqtikaSi ganxorcieldeba cnobili mosazreba:

narkotikebi+legalizeba=bazars

isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom daiwyeba marixuanas sxva produqte-bis magaliTad haSiSis zeTis warmoeba, romelic Tavisi moqmedebis efeqtiT 30_40-jer ufro Zlieria marixuanaze

minda visargeblo SemTxveviT, gamovxato Cemi Rrma pativiscema Jurna-listTa da masobrivi informaciis sxva warmomadgenelTa mimarT, da gamovTqva kidev ramodenime mosazreba narkotikebis sawinaaRmdego propagandasTan dakavSirebul problemebze. narkotikebis Temaze saubrisas unda viyoT uaRresad frTxili, dak-virvebuli. xmauriani gancxadebebi ki narkomaniis avadmyofad da so-cialur movlenad gamocxadeba yovelTvis ar aris dadebiTi Sedegis momtani, xolo, rac Seexeba zogierTi pirovnebis gamonaTqvami, Tu ro-

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gor uxsnis mas tvinis ujredebs SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobisas “marixua-na” uaRresad saxifaToa. es magonebs gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebs, rodesac amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi “marixuanas” e.w. bumi iyo da ela ficjeraldma gamouSva albomi: “When I Get Low, I Get High”…”roca depresiaSi var, davfrinav”. igi narkotikebTan brZolis administraciam umalve akrZala. aseTi midgoma amerikelebma saswrafod istorias mia-bares, Cven ki tradiciulad sxvis Secdomebze arafers ar vswavlobT da Tavidan vimeorebT xolme mas. minda giTxraT, rom gaerTienebuli erebis organizaciis tipiur kanon-Si aris aseTi muxli “narkotikebis gamoyenebis sajarod waxaliseba”, igi sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad iTvleba da xuT wlamde Tavisu-flebis aRkveTas iTvaliswinebs. Cem gamosvlas am sakiTxze vamTavreb amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis narkotikebTan brZolis administraciis cnobili eqspertis jon heis-lipis gancxadebiT: “erT-erTi seriozuli mizezi narkomaniis epide-miisa aris mowodebebi narkotikebis da misi moxmarebis legalizebis Sesaxeb da rogorc msoflio praqtika gviCvenebs umetes saxelmwifoTa xelisufalni araadekvaturni arian aseTi wamowyebebis mimarT, rac aS-karad Cans narkotikebis msoflio istoriis Seswavlisas”. kidev erT umniSvnelovenes sakiTxs Sevexebi, romelic kanonmdeblobis srulyofas exeba. dRevandeli saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis umTavre-si amocanaa, samarTlis normebis, rogorc mosaxleobis narkotikebis mavne zemoqmedebisagan dacvis ZiriTad instrumentad aRiareba. swored kanonma unda uzrunvelyos narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis, maTi analogebis da prekursorebis ukanono brunviT ga-mowveul kanondarRvevebze adekvaturi da efeqturi reagireba, gan-sazRvros maT ukanono brunvasTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulebriv qme-debaTa gamovlenis da aRkveTis, danaSaulis Camden pirTa dasjis iu-ridiuli safuZvlebi da am mimarTebiT saxelmwifo organoebis, fizi-kuri da iuridiuli pirebis uflebamosilebani. es imitom mogaxseneT, rom Cvens kanonmdeblobaSi Zalian bevri xarve-zia da maTi aRmofxvra saswrafod aris saWiro. Sevexebi mxolod ra-modenime pozicias: pireli-ramodenime welia saqarTveloSi gamoikveTa araswori sisxlis samarTlebrivi politika. narkotikebis ukanono brunvis xaziT. ker-Zod, yovelwliurad izrdeba am kategoriis sisxlis samarTlis saqme-Ta raodenoba, romelic albaT male 10 000-s gadaaWarbebs da umTavre-si problema ki is aris, rom dakavebulTa umetesi nawili narkotike-bis sacalo momxmarebelia, romelnic mas piradi moxmarebis mizniT inaxaven da sazogadoebisaTvis araviTar safrTxes ar warmoadgenen. amis ZiriTadi mizezi saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 260-e muxlia, sadac erTad aris gaerTianebuli: “narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanono damzadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, gadagzavna da gasaReba. Cveni azriT, rasac bevri iziarebs am muxls unda gamoeyos narkotike-biT vaWroba da is calke muxlad Camoyalibdes da erT-erTi umTavre-si makvalificirebeli maxasiaTebeli unda iyos ukanono brunvidan amoRebuli narkotikebis odenobebi da aseve narkotikebis saxeobebi maTi adamianis organizmze zemoqmedebis sarisxis gaTvaliswinebiT.

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meore-srulyofas moiTxovs sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 273-e muxli, piradi moxmarebisaTvis narkotikuli saSualebebis, misi analogis an prekursoris mcire odenobiT ukanono damzdeba, SeZena, Senaxva anda eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe ukanonod moxmareba. am muxlSic unda gaimijnos ukanonod moxmareba danaSaulis sxva saxeebisgan. aqve unda iyos naTlad mocemuli ra SemTxvevebSi Tavi-sufldeba piri sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan da mocemu-li unda iyos amis ramodenime alternatiuli varianti. maT Soris ka-nonis iseTi wamaxalisebeli normebi, romlebic Tavisufflebis aRk-veTasTan da piris izolaciasTan mimarTebaSi upiratesobas mkurnalo-bis da gamosworebis Tanamedrove meTodologias mianiWebs upirateso-bas.

jemal janaSia general-maiori, iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

jemal janaSia

narkotikebis ukanono brunvasTan da narkomaniasTan brZolis samarTlebriv-socialuri aspeqtebi da perspeqtivebi

reziume

naSromSi Camoyalibebulia is ZiriTadi debulebebi da rekomendaciebi romelTa praqtikuli ganxorcieleba aucilebelia da xels Seuwyobs qveyanaSi narkomaniis da narkobiznesis winaaRmdeg brZolas, amisaTvis; -saWiroa siRrmeuli, mravalmxrivi fundamenturi gamokvlevis Catareba, romelic mogvcemda realur suraTs, swori daskvnebisa da prognozi-rebis aseve ekonomikuri da adamianuri resursebis swori gaTvlebis gasakeTeblad, rac ase mniSvnelovania CvenisTana SezRuduli resurse-bis mqone qveynisaTvis. -saWiroa narkobiznesis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli samsaxurebis mudmivi struqturuli, organizaciuli da meTodologiuri srulyofa kanon-sawinaaRmdego sferoSi mimdinare procesebis adekvaturad. am etapze, saWiroa regionebSi_adgilebze iseTive efeqturi samsaxurebis Seqmna, rogoric funqcionirebs federalur doneze. magaliTad centraluri aparati sakmaod bevr da efeqtur RonisZiebebs axorcielebs, rasac ver vityviT adgilebze momuSave operatiuli danayofebis Sesaxeb; -aucilebelia sakanonmdeblo sistemis iseTi universalizacia, rome-lic SesamCnevad gaadvilebs sagamoZiebo-operatiuli jgufebis muSao-bas da uzrunvelyofs aseTi jgufebis sxva qveynebis teritoriaze efeqtur saqmianobas da narkotikuli informaciis operatiul gace-las; -SesaZlebelia, ukanono brunvidan amoRebuli narkotikuli saSualebe-bis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis da prekursorebis odenobebis metad diferencireba da sasjelis ufro detalurad gansazRvra maTze dayrdnobiT, rac narkotikebis gamsaReblebis mimarT ufro mkacri

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sasjelis gamotanis erT-erTi ZiriTadi makvalificirebeli niSani iq-neba; -mniSvnelovania, narkomaniiT daavadebul pirebTan samedicino, socia-luri da represiuli meTodebiT muSaobis swori sistemis SemuSaveba, risTvisac aucilebelia am kontigentTan momuSave uwyebebis da sam-saxurebis kompetenciis mkveTri gamijvna. -dadga dro, rodesac ganaCenis gamotanisas, rogorc sasjelis damam-Zimebeli garemoeba, unda gaviTvaliswinoT sxva qveynebSi Cadenili da-naSaulebic, maT Soris narkotikuli danaSauli, romelTa ricxvic wlidan wlamde izrdeba. amis aucileblobaze miuTiTebs 1961 wlis konvenciis 36-e muxlis 2 (a) (iii)punqti, 1971 wlis konvenciis 22-e muxli 2 (a) punqti, da 1988 wlis konvenciis 3-e muxlis 5 (n) punqti, romelic adre Cadenili samarTaldarRvevaTa da recidiuli danaSaulis dadge-nis mizniT sxva qveynebSi gamotanili ganaCenebis aRricxvianobas exeba.

Джемал Джанашия

Социально-правовые аспекты и перспективы борьбы с наркоманией и с незаконным оборотом наркотиков

Резюме

- Необходимо, со стороны спецслужб, борющихся против наркобизнеса, обеспечение адекватного структурного, организационного, правового и методологического подхода к динамичным процессам, протекающим в сфере борьбы с наркоманией и наркобизнесом; -Нужно, усовершенствование законодательной системы, которая значительно облегчит оперативно-сыскную деятельность спецслужб на территории различных стран, а также более широком обмене информации и обслуживающего персонала; -Возможно, упорядочение законодательных норм для более детального определения соответствующих санкций за совершенные преступления, целесобразнее было бы точное дифференцирование количества наркотических средств, веществ и прекурсоров, изъятых из незаконного оборота наркотиков, что в большинстве случаев стало бы одним из главных квалифицирующих признаков при вынесения более строгого приговора. -Значительно, разработать эффективную медицинскую, социальную и репрессивную систему работы с лицами больным наркоманией а также более конкретно разграничить компетенцию министерств и ведомств работающих в этой области. -Настало время, когда при вынесении приговора как отягчающее вину обстоятельство должны быть учтены преступления, совершенные в других странах и приговоры, вынесенные за эти преступления. Данные вопросы предусмотрены в пункте 2(а) (iii), ст. 36 конвенции 1961г., в пункте 2(а), ст. 22 конвенции1971г., и в пункте 5 (n), ст.3 конвенции 1988г., которые указывают на необходимость учета приговоров, вынесенных в других странах с целью установления уголовных и рецедивов преступлений.

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Jemal Janashia

Social and legal aspects and prospects of struggle against drug addiction and illegal

rotation of drugs

The Summary

The first – adequate structure, organizational and methodological approach to dynaxic processes in illegal sphare by units fighting drug-business; The second – such perfection of the legistation system, which would case the work of in-spection-operational groups on the territories of various countries and strengthen the fight againts world TCOs. Third- the author considers that for the more sublaboration of the legal previsions and more detailed classification of the sanctions would be helpful to differentiate precisely the narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors seized from the trade and pass the sentences on this basis, that would be one of the main qualifying characteristics for more severe sen-tences. Fourth – in recent years the immigration of Georgians has raised drastically. More than one million people have migrated to commonwealth of independent states space for temporary jobs and some of them are involved in illegal actions, the illegal trafficking in drugs in-cluded. Thus, it is the time now when passing the sentence to take into consideration the crimes commited in other countries and the sentences for those crimes. This is specified in the paragraph 2(a) (iii), article 36 of 1961 Convention, the paragraph 2 (a), article 22 of 1971 Convention and paragraph 5 (n) article 3 of 1988 Convention which relate to the earlier deli-quencies and the necessity of recording sentences passed by other country law courts in or-der to determine recurrent crimes.

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marina SaqaraSvili, qeTevan SavguliZe, nino mamulaSvili

art-Terapia _ mozardebSi narkomaniis prevenciisa da narkodamokidebulTa mkurnalobis efeqturi meTodi

art-Terapia uZvelesi fsiqoTerapiuli meTodia, romelic farTo mniSvnelobiT, xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis meSveobiT (saxviTi xelovneba, musika, Teatri da aS.) adamianis “sulis mkurnalobas” gu-lisxmobs. msoflios mraval qveyanaSi art-Terapevtebi aqtiurad arian Cabmulni fsiqikuri da emociuri aSlilobis, fizikuri naklis mqone adamianebis, narkodamokidebulTa mkurnalobisa da reabilitaciis procesSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom art-Terapia uSualod aris dakavSi-rebuli samkurnalo da sareabilitacio praqtikasTan, misi fsiqikuri zemoqmedebis meTodebis gamoyeneba mizanSewonilia, rogorc narkoma-niisadmi midrekilTa da riskis jgufis warmomadgenelTa fsiqokoreq-ciis, aseve fsiqo-profilaqtikisa da mozardebSi narkomaniis preven-ciis mizniT. art-Terapiis mniSvnelobas da efeqturobas, mozardebSi narkomaniis prevenciisa da narkodamokidebulTa reabilitaciis procesSi gansazR-varavs is faqtori, rom art-Terapiuli meTodebi grZnobebis araver-balur gamoxatvazea dafuZnebuli, rac verbalur fsiqoTerapiasTan SedarebiT mozardis Sinagani samyaros Tavisufal gaxsnasa da misi fsiqologiuri dacvisa da komfortis maRal xarisxs uzrunvelyofs. art-Terapiis safuZvels SemoqmedebiTi procesi warmoadgens. art-Terapevtis TandaswrebiT “usafrTxo” fsiqologiur garemoSi (kabine-ti an studia), saxviTi masalebis (saRebavi, Tixa da a.S) meSveobiT iqm-neba vizualuri saxeebi, romelic mozardis potencialis, pirovnuli Taviseburebebis, interesebis, Sinagani problemebis da konfliqtebis, rogorc adreuli, aseve aqtualuri gacnobierebuli da gaucnobiere-beli grZnobebis, midrekilebebis, moTxovnilebebis, survilebis gan-saxierebas warmoadgens (maT Soris iseTi SegrZnebebis, romelTa ver-balizacia sakmaod rTulia). mozardis Sinagani samyaros Tavisebure-bebis warmoCenis mizniT art-Terapiul procesSi prioritetuli mniSv-neloba mozardis monacemebis _ xatvis, Zerwvis gansakuTrebuli Se-saZleblobebis nacvlad, TviTgamoxatvis individualur stils eniWeba, romelic ufro mniSvnelovani Rirebulebaa, vidre produqtis esTeti-kuri mxare. mecadineobebis dros miuRebelia direqtivebi, namuSevrebs Sedareba da Sefaseba, mozardTa kritika da dasja, rac Tanabar uflebebs aniWebs art-Terapiuli procesis monawile TiToeul mo-zards, maTSi uxerxulobis, sircxvilis, wyenis grZnobis gaCenas gamo-ricxavs da dadebiTad moqmedebs maT TviTSefasebaze, emociur mdgo-mareobaze, xels uwyobs mozardTa SemoqmedebiTi potenciis gamovle-nas da dacviTi meqanizmebis aqtivizirebas. Sinagani konfliqtebis vizualuri formebSi, mxatvrul saxeebSi rea-lizebis procesi, uSualodaa dakavSirebuli mTel rig Terapiul me-qanizmebTan (relaqsacia, kaTarzisi, TviTorganizebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba da a.S.). art-Terapia saSualebas aZlevs mozards:

• gamoxatos agresiuli grZnobebi socialurad misaRebi formiT, (xatva, Zerwva da a.S. daZabulobisagan ganmuxtvis usafrTxo meTo-debia).

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• asaxos qvecnobieri konfliqtebi da Sinagani daZabuloba (am SegrZ-nebebis vizualizacia ufro iolia, vidre sityvebis meSveobiT gad-mocema)

• ganaviTaros Sinagani kontrolis da wesrigis grZnoba (xatvis, Zerwvis dros aucilebelia formis, feris organizeba), yuradRebis koncentraciis, TviTregulaciis unari.

• daukvirdes sakuTar grZnobebsa da damokidebulebas ama Tu im movlenis mimarT.

• gaaZlieros sakuTari mniSvnelobis SegrZneba.

• gadaWras “Sinagani konfliqtebi”, problemebi saxviTi saSualebebis meSveobiT iolad da esTeturad.

• TviTgamoixatos da siamovneba mianiWos sakuTar Tavsac da sxveb-sac.

Tanamedrove yofaSi xarisxobrivad Seicvala mozardTa azrovnebis formirebis xelSewyobis faqtorebi. dRes mozardebs arCevanis ganu-sazrvreli saSualebebi aqvT, rac maTSi winaaRmdegobisa da gaurk-vevlobis grZnobas badebs. cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoSi mimdinare dinamikuri cvlilebebis procesSi, maT uWirT “axali”, mWidro ur-TierTobebis damyareba. zemoaRniSnuli faqtorebi mozardebSi jgufu-ri art-Terapiis mniSvnelobasa da individualur art-TerapiasTan Se-darebiT mis upiratesobas ganapirobebs. jgufuri Terapia mozardebs Soris gamocdilebis gacvlis, saerTo gancdebis arsebobis Semecnebi-sa da narkomaniisadmi midrekilTa da narkodamokidebulTaTvis niSan-dobrivi martoobisa da izolaciis grZnobis daZlevis efeqtur sa-Sualebas warmoad-gens. dResdReobiT popularobiT sargeblobs jgu-furi art-Terapiis Semdegi formebi:

• studiuri tipis “Ria jgufi” (demokratiuli atmosfero, aradireqtiuli midgoma. gansazRvreba “Ria” axali wevrebis miRebis SesaZleblobas gulisx-mobs).

• dinamikuri (analitikuri) jgufi (jgufis Semadgenloba ucvlelia, fsiqoTerapevti mihyveba jgufur process da ar axdens procesebis inicirebas, direqtiulobis xarisxi minimumamdea dayvanili).

• Tematuri jgufi (orientirebulia ama Tu im konkretuli problemis gadawyvetaze).

narkomaniisadmi midrekil da narkodamokidebul mozardTa “fsiqolo-giuri integraciis” da fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis Sefasebis efeq-tur da gavrcelebul instruments warmoadgens xatva wreSi (manda-loTerapia).

iudaizmSi, daosizmSi, budizmSi mandala samyaros erTianobis magiur simbolod iyo miCneuli (misi gamosaxuleba gvxdeba marTlmadideblur xatweraSi, guTuri taZrebis vitraJebSi, Crd. amerikis uZveles bina-darTa qviSis kompoziciebSi). karl gustav iungi mandalas Semoqmede-biTi TviTgamoxatvis da Semecnebis efeqtur xerxad miiCnevda (adamia-nis fsiqikis Tavisebur “fotografiad“, romelic naTlad asaxavs ada-mianis sulier mdgomareobas misi Seqmnis etapze). mandaloTerapia “Sinagani” da “garegani” realobis harmonizaciis, energiis koncentraciis da emociuri TviTregulaciis efeqtur sa-Sualebas warmoadgens, xels uwyobs relaqsacias da emociuri daZa-

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bulobis moxsnas. narkodamo-kidebulTa reabilitaciis procesSi art-Terapevtebi aqtiurad mimarTaven wre-Si xatvis meTods. pacientebi xSirad sanTlis Suqze, relaqsaciuri musikis TanxlebiT muSaoben. (mandalas SeiZleba axldes komentarebi an mxatvruli teqsti, rome-lic pacientis damokidebulebas asaxavs). gamokvlevebs Tanaxmad axalbeda pacientebis mandalebis didi nawili ar aris daferili, xSirad War-bobs Savi da wiTeli, an WuWyiani ferebi, rac pacientis fsiqikur da fizikur diskomfortze miuTiTebs. maTi fsiqikuri de-zintegraciis erT-erT indikators warmoadgens mandalas mkrTali sazrvrebi, mkveTri xazebi ki pacientis susti “me”-s dacvis survilze metyvelebs. narkodamokidebulTa mandalebSi xSirad meordeba spira-lis, labirinTis, usasrulo gzis Tema, rac cvlilebebis moti-vaciis ararsebobaze miuTiTebs. gamokvlevebi cxadhyofs, rom ramdenime art-Terapiuli seansis Semdeg mandalebSi Zlierdeba centri, palitra xdeba ufro mravalferovani (Cndeba Tbili ferebi), naxati _ harmo-niuli, komentarebi - gaazrebuli. narkodamokidebulTa mkurnalobis da reabilitaciis gavrcelebuli art-Terapiuli meTodia performansi. xSirad is art-Terapiuli pro-ceduris daskvniT nawils warmoadgens. performansi saSualebas aZ-levs mozards dramatuli moq-medebis meSveobiT gamoxatos sakuTari damokidebuleba problemebis mimarT. mozardebi qmnian niRbebs _ “me guSin”, “me xval”, namuSevars Temaze “Cemi gza” (gza guSindlidan xvalamde), weren 3 aqtian scenars pirobiTi saxel-wodebebiT: “bavSvoba”, “damokidebuleba”, “gamosavali“. jgufis wevrTa namuSevrebs gacnoba da ganxilva art-Terapiuli seansis aucilebel komponents warmoad-gens. jgufuri art-Terapiis dros mozardTa sakuTari Tavisadmi da gare-mosadmi damokidebulebis koreqciis aprobirebul meTods warmoadgens namuSevrebis Seqmna Temaze “avtoportreti”, “Cemi miznebi”, “Cemi mego-brebi”. avtoportretze muSaobis procesSi mozardebi acnobiereben pirad damokidebulebas sakuTari garegnobis, Taviseburebis mimarT (meTodebi xSirad sityvebiT rTulad asaxsnel emociur aspeqtebs asaxaven). komunikaciuri unarebis ganviTarebis mizniT mozardebi er-Tobliv namuSevars qmnian _ jgufuri naxati, freska. jgufur art-TerapiaSi popularobiT sargeblobs Tema “nagavsayreli”, romelic narkodamokibulTa damTrgunel, negatiur grZnobebs (dana-Saulis SegrZneba, dardi, SiSi, martoobis grZnoba) asaxavs. maTgan ga-Tavisuflebis mizniT jgufuri ganxilvisa da SeTanxmebis Sedegad mozardebi wvaven namuSevars. es procesi dadebiTad moqmedebs maT emociur mdgomareobaze da badebs SegrZnebas, rom maT SeswevT unari daZlion problema. narkomaniis reabilitaciis paralelurad saqarTveloSi, dRevandeli sazogadoebisaTvis narkomaniis prevencia erT-erT priorititul sa-kiTxs warmoad-gens. mozardebSi narkomaniis prevenciis mizniT sagan-manaTleblo dawesebulebebSi jguguri art-Terapiuli meTodis da-nergva xels Seuwyobs mozardTa SemoqmedebiTi potencialis gamovle-nasa da stimulirebas, fsiqodamokidebulebis da midrekilebis niSne-bis adreul etapze gamovlenasa da fsiqokoreqcias. meTodis Tera-pevtuli da saganmanaTleblo miznebis aRrevis Tavidan acilebis TvalsazrisiT mizanSewonilia terminis “art-Terapia”, gansxvavebuli

29

Sinaarsis saxelwodebebiT Canacvleba. mag.: “art - meTodi”, Semoqmede-biTi TviTgamoxatvis meTodi” da a.S.

qeTevan SavguliZe xelovnebaTmcodneobis mecnierebaTa kandidati

gr.robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis asocirebuli profesori.

marina SaqaraSvili

medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori gr.robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis

medicinis fakultetis sruli profesori.

nino mamulaSvili momavlis skolis me-9 klasis moswavle.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. Бурно М.Е. Терапия творческим самовыражением. М. Медицина, 1989. 2. Копытин А.И. Основы арт-терапии. СПБ. Лань. 1999. 3. Копытин А.И., Свистовская Е.Е. Арт-терапия детей и подростков. М. Когито-

центр. 2007. 4. Ялом И. Теория и практика групповой психотерапии. СПБ: Питер, 2000. 5. www.arttherapy.org. 6. www. arthea/s.org.

qeTevan SavguliZe, marina SaqaraSvili, nino mamulaSvili

art-Terapia _ mozardebSi narkomaniis prevenciisa da narkodamokidebulTa mkurnalobis efeqturi meTodi

reziume

statiaSi gaanalizebulia art-Terapiuli meTodebi, mozardebSi, nar-komaniis, prevenciisa da narkodamokibulTa reabilitaciis procesSi, jgufuri art-Terapiis mniSvneloba. verbalur fsiqoTerapiisTan SedarebiT grZnobebis araverbalur ga-moxatvaze dafuZnebuli art-Terapiuli meTodebi narkomaniisadmi midrekilTa da narkodamokidebulTa fsiqologiuri dacvisa da kom-fortis ufro maRal xarisxs uzrunvelyofs. jgufuri art-Terapia riskis jgufis mozardebisa Tu pacientebisaTvis niSandoblivi mar-toobis da izolaciis grZnobis daZlevis, maTSi TviTregulaciis unaris ganviTarebis, dacviTi meqanizmebis aqtivizirebis, relaqsaciis, emociuri daZabulobis moxsnis da SemoqmedebiTi potencialis stimu-lirebis efeqtur saSualebas warmoadgens.

http://www.arttherapy.org/

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Кетеван Шавгулидзе, Марина Шакарашвили, Нино Мамулашвили

Арт-терапия - эффективный метод превенции наркомании среди молодëжи и для лечения наркоманов

Резюме

Статья анализирует методы арт-терапии в процессе превенции наркомании и лечения наркомании среди молодëжи, и важность терапии группового искусства. В отличие от устной психотерапии, методы арт-терапии, основанной по невербальному выражению производят более высокую степень психологической защиты и комфорта среди наркоманов и людей, склонных к наркомании, чтобы притупить использование наркотиков. Терапия искусства группы составляет эффективный метод, чтобы преодолеть чувство одиночества и изоляции, типичной для группы риска молодежи, развитие способности осуществить самообладание, защитные механизмы формирования, расслабление, освобождение эмоциональной напряженности, и стимулирования творческого потенциала.

Ketevan Shavgulidze, Marina Shakarashvili, Nino Mamulashvili

Art therapy – effective method of drug prevention among youth and for treatment of drug abusers The Summary

The article analyses methods of art therapy during drug prevention and rehabilitation of drug addiction among youth, and the importance of group art therapy. In contrast to verbal psy-chotherapy, methods of art therapy based on non-verbal expression produce a higher degree of psychological protection and comfort among drug addicts and persons prone to drug use. Group art therapy constitutes an effective method for overcoming the feeling of loneliness and isolation, typical for the risk group of youth, developing the ability to exercise self-control, activating defense mechanisms, relaxing, relieving emotional tension, and stimulat-ing creative potential.

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qeTevan afciauri

mediis roli narkomaniasTan brZolaSi XXI saukunis adamianebis cxovrebaSi masobrivi informaciis saSuale-bebi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens. Tanamedrove medias masobriv auditoriaze zemoqmedebis aqamde arnaxuli berketebi gaaCnia. igi faq-tiurad gvaZlevs codnas qveynebis, adamianebis, politikis, ekonomikis, kriminalis Sesaxeb da warmarTavs Cveni Rirebulebebisa da azrebis formirebas. igi gvawvdis ara ubralod informacias, aramed am infor-maciis danaxvisa da gagebis gzebsac. dRes narkomaniis Tema metad popularulia. amaze bevrs saubroben ma-sobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT, magram publikaciebis Tu gadace-maTa umravlesoba, mxolod narkomanebis mZime cxovrebis detalebis an operatiuli reidebis aRweriT Semoifargleba. aravin saubrobs imaze, Tu rogori damokidebuleba unda gvqondes narkomaniis problemis mi-marT an ra unda gavakeToT imisTvis, rom es problema mogvardes. xSirad gagvigonia, rom masobrivi informaciis saSualebebs aranairi zegavlenis moxdena ar SeuZlia adamianebis mier Tambaqos, alkoholis an narkotikebis moxmarebaze. sinamdvileSi, piriqiT aris. reklama, rom momxmarebelze ar zemoqmedebdes, Tambaqos industria masze fuls ar daxarjavda – fuls, romelic gacilebiT metia Tavad produqciis warmoebaze daxarjul Tanxaze. masmediiT gaSuqebuli erTi konkretuli masala situacias kardina-lurad ar cvlis, magram yovel maTgans konkretuli wvlili Seaqvs imaSi, rom sazogadoebrivi azri ama Tu im mxares warimarTos. ufro metic – gaazrebuli, obieqturi informacia sazogadoebriv azrs au-cileblad gadaxris arasasurveli da arajansaRi mimarTulebiT. Jurnalistis profesia adamians saSualebas aZlevs, ara marto icodes, Tu ra xdeba, armed zemoqmedebac moaxdinos movlenebze. am Tvalsaz-risiT Jurnalisti SeiZleba fsiqoterapevts SevadaroT, romelic ada-mians Tavisi problemebis gadaWraSi exmareba. kargi fsiqoTerapevti pacients yvela pirobas uqmnis imisTvis, rom pacientma Tavad ipovos gamosavali problemuri situaciidan. kargi Jurnalisti ise unda as-rulebdes profesiul movaleobas, rom auditorias gansjisken ubiZ-gos da daexmaros saukeTeso gamosavlis moZebnaSi. sainteresoa, Tu ra xdeba, ra situaciaa am mxriv, qarTul mediasivr-ceSi. samwuxarod, es sakiTxi arcTu metad mniSvnelovania qarTveli JurnalistebisTvis. realurad ar Seqmnila programa, romelic narko-maniis Temas safuZvlianad da gasagebad gaacnobs auditorias. arada, mediis saSualebiT gacilebiT efeqturi iqneboda am problemis wi-naaRmdeg brZola. "medias udidesi gavlena aqvs, magram mas aranairad ar iyenebs. imisT-vis, rom Sedegi miviRoT gadacemebi regularuli da Tanmimdevruli unda iyos, magram am Temas damfinansebeli ar hyavs"– ganacxada fsi-qologma marina WavWaniZem. faqtia, rom periodulobas namdvilad didi zegavlenis moxdena SeuZ-lia adamianis fsiqologiaze. erTi konkretuli televiziis magaliTs Tu ganvixilavT vnaxavT, rom erTi wlis manZilze, anu 2007 wels te-lekompania "mzem" narkomaniis Temas mxolod 9 gadacema miuZRvna. bune-

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brivia, maSin rodesac saqarTveloSi araoficialuri monacemebiT 250-300 000 – mde narkomania 9 telegadacema prevenciul aminds ver Seqm-nis, Tumca sainteresoa wamyvanis poziciac: - " Cemi gadacemiT narkoma-ni SeiZleba mxolod daafiqro magram is wamals ar gadaagdebs. vfiq-rob, rom socialuri segmenti unda iyos msgavsi mowodebebiT gajere-buli." – aRniSna gadacema "tabus" wamyvenma marina saluqvaZem. rigi sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas erTni saubroben mediis gulgrilobasa da araprofesionalizmze, xolo meoreni Tavad sazogadoebisken iSve-ren xels. problema ki orive mxareSia.zogadad, qarTuli sazogadoeba daxuruli sazogadoebaa. es cxadyo im mcire masStabis gamokiTxvamac, romelsic gamokiTxul iqna 30 axalgazrda Jurnalisti da maTgan 18 - ma Tqva, rom pirad problemebze saubrisas qarTuli sazogadoeba gulwrfeli ar aris. mZime socialuri pirobebi narkomaniis problemis mogvarebas xels didad uSlis. "es problema aris erTi didi problemis patara fragmenti – es kom-pleqsuri problemaa, romelSic erTiandeba ganaTlebis da TviTkriti-kis dabali done, aseve dasavluri cxovrebis reklama. problemis ga-daWra unda daiwyos sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis gardaqmniT." – Tqva profesorma Temur faferaSvilma. narkomaniis problemaze saubrisas, didi mniSvneloba aqvs formas, romliTac is miva auditoriamde. zogjer, presaSi Cndeba publikacie-bi, sadac aRwerilia adamianis mdgomareoba narkotikuli Trobis dros. Cveulebriv, es dakavSirebulia narkomanis cxovrebis aRweras-Tan. marTalia, aseTi informacia auditorias narkotikebis moxmare-basTan dakavSirebuli safrTxis realobaSi arwmunebs, magram narko-tikiT gamowveuli gancdebis xatovanma aRweram SeiZleba zogierTi susti nebisyofis an interesian axalgazrdas eqsperimentirebisaken ubiZgos; amitom Jurnalistebma maqsimalurad unda Seikavon Tavi iseTi informaciis gamoqveynebisgan, romelic SeiZleba viRacisTvis momxi-blavi aRmoCndes. nebismier Temaze muSaobis dros aucilebelia, problemis dafiqsireba da da misi gadaWris gzebis Ziebac. amitom, radgan medias uzarmazari gavlena aqvs adamianis cnobierebaze da am SemTxvevaSi, arc narkoma-niis problemaze saubari warmoadgens gamonakliss, sasurvelia, rom mediis saSualebebiT momzadebul nebismier masalaSi ganxilul iyos mizezebi, romelic xels uwyobs narkomaniis gavrcelebas saqarTvr-loSi, xazgasmuli iyos, rom individualuri janmrTelobis proble-mebze pasuxismgebelia aramarto konkretuli adamiani, aramed is sazo-gadoebac, romelSic es pirovneba cxovrobs. amitom, radgan narkomaniis Temaze saubris dros yvelaze mniSvnelova-ni amocana narkomaniis problemis Semcirebaa, sasurveli iqneba sazo-gadoebas konkretuli SemTxvevebis aRweris garda – narkomaniis mkur-nalobis, reabilitaciis sxvadasxva meTodebisa da im samsaxurebis Se-saxebac mivawodoT informacia, romlebic am meTodebs sTavazoben.

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k v l e v a raodenoba – 30 asaki – 21 – 22w. profesia – Jurnalisti 1. ramdenad safuzvlianad aSuqebs media problemas?

safuZvlianad – 2 zedapirulad – 17 mxolod vals ixdis – 11

2. ramdenad gaxsnilia qarTuli sazogadoeba sajaro saubrisTvis?

gaxsnilia – 8 daxurulia – 4 gulwrfeli ar aris – 18

3. aq unda momzaddes Tu ara gadacemebi problemaze?

a) diax – 25 "gadacemam Tvali unda auxilos narkomanebs" b). ara – 1

"gamaRizianebeli iqneba da ukureaqcias gamoiwvevs" g). azri ar aqvs – 4

"roca narkomani xar, saubars, rom narkomania cudia azri ekargeba."

4. Tqven, rom iyoT wamalze damokidebuli adamiani isaubrebdiT Tu

ara sajarod? a). diax – 3 b). ara – 9 g). davfiqrdebodi – 18

qeTevan afciauri saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa

institutis, Jurnalistikisa da media menejmentis kavkasiuri skolis studenti grigol robaqiZis sax. universitetis kursdamTavrebuli

gamoyenebuli literatura 1. `zogjer TqmiTac daSavdebis~ rogor gavaSuqoT narkomaniisa da Sidsis problemebi. sazogadoebrivi gaerTianeba `bemoni~. Tbilisi 2003w. 2. `qarTuli televizia dRes _ problemebi, Ziebani da perspeqtivebi~ T. faferaSvilis satelevizio SemoqmedebiTi saxelosno.Ggr. robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis sagamomcemlo centri. 2005w. 3 `narkomaniis ani da bani~ saqarTvelos antinarkotikuli koalicia. Ggermaniis federaciuli respublikis saelCo. Tb. .2006w

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qeTevan afciauri

mediis roli narkomaniasTan brZolaSi

reziume

mocemuli namuSevari aRwers mediis rols narkomaniasTan brZolaSi. igi aRwers mediis funqciebs, Tu rogor unda imuSaos am Temaze da rogor zegavlenas axdens igi sazogadoebaze. Tema Seicavs Tanamedro-ve mediis problemebs da literaturis mixedviT iZleva rekomenda-ciebs Tu rogor miviRoT profesonialuri media produqti.

Кетеван Апциаури

Роль медии против наркомании

Резюме Данная работа описывает роль медии в борьбе с наркоманией. Статья объясняет функции медии, как воздействовать на эту проблему, как медия влияет на общество. Тема содержит современные проблемы медии, и основываясь на литературе дает рекомендации как должна достигнуть медия профессиональный уровень в этой сфере.

Ketevan Aptsiauri

The role of media in struggle against drug addiction

The Summary

The given work describes the media role against the drugs and drug edicts. It explains the functions of media, how to work on this issue, how the media influences on the society. The theme contains the modern media problems and according to the literature gives recommen-dations how to make professional media product.

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giorgi mircxulava

narkotikebis legalizaciis upiratesobebi akrZalvasTan SedarebiT

mokle istoriuli mimoxilva

narkotikebs kacobrioba mravali saukunea icnobs, aseve didi xania mimdinareobs maT winaaRmdeg brZolac, Tumca Sedegebi arc Tu ise saxarbieloa. calkeul kulturaTa Soris urTierTobam xeli Seuwyo narkotikuli saSualebebis gavrcelebas, Tanamedrove globalizaciis pirobebSi ki narkotikebis gavrcelebam arnaxul masStabebs miaRwia da isini kacobriobis did Tavsatexad iqca. dRes xSirad gaismis mo-wodeba narkotikebis legalizaciisken, bevri miiCnevs, rom es aris narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli problemis gadaWris erT-erTi efeqturi saSualeba. Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom legalizaciis idea araa

axali. CineTis imperators jer kidev XIX saukuneSi mouwodebdnen Cin-eli Tanamdebobis pirebi opiumiT vaWrobis legalizaciisaken. narkotikebis legalizacia ar niSnavs imas, rom legalizaciis Sede-gad yvela problema mogvardeba da narkomanebic aRar iarsebeben, ara-med es aris narkotikebiT gamowveuli problemis didi nawilis gadaW-ris efeqturi gza.

narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli problemebi da maT gamomwvev

mizezTa zogadi daxasiaTeba

narkotikebis moxmarebas yovelTvis Tan sdevs garkveuli problemebi, rogoricaa narkomanTa Soris Sidsis, B da C hepatitis, tuberku-lozis, aseve sxva infeqciuri daavadebebis gavrceleba; narkotikebiT aralegaluri vaWroba; narkotikuli danaSaulebis zrda; narkotikeb-Tan dakavSirebuli prostitucia; narkotikebis aralegalur brunvis winaaRmdeg daxarjuli saxsrebi, narkotikebiT movaWreebis CarTva sxva kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebebSi da a. S. narkotikebis moxmarebis zemoT CamoTvlili Sedegebi sxvadasxva mizezebiTaa ganpirobebuli, gan-vixiloT yoveli maTgani damoukideblad. narkomanTa didi nawili aris ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmareblebi, es ki qmnis infeqciuri daavadebebis gavrcelebis mometebul safrTxes. naxmari nemsebisa da Spricebis gamoyeneba narkomanTa Soris ki far-Tod gavrcelebuli praqtikaa, rac infeqciuri daavadebebis gavr-celebis mizezi xdeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom Sidsis gavrcelebis erT-erT umTavres gzas swored ineqciuri narkotikebis gavrceleba war-moadgens. Sidsisi virusis gavrceleba narkotikebis momxmarebelTa Soris Zalian maRalia, zogan SidsiT inficirebulia narkomanTa 50%, zogan ki 90%. amis mizazad ki SeiZleba miCneuli iqnes narkomanTa kontrolis araefeqturi meqanizmi. narkotikebis moxmarebis kidev erTi arasasurveli Sedegi arale-galuri bazaria, mowodebis winaaRmdeg brZolas ar aqvs sasurveli Sedegi da arc SeiZleba hqondes, radganac momwodeblebi bazars yov-elTvis awvdian imas, razec aris Sesabamisi moTxovna, Tu arsebobs produqtze didi moTxovna da saxelmwifo mas aralegalurad acxa-debs, maSin moTxovnas Savis bazari akmayofilebs. asevea narkotikebis SemTxvevaSic; akrZalvis Sedegad amoRebuli narkotikebis raodenoba gaeros monacemebiT mTeli msoflios maStabiT arc Tu ise didia, igi

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meryeobs 10%-dan 30% mde, miuxedavad amisa, moTxovna mainc kmayo-fildeba. narkotikuli saSualebebis mosapoveblad fulis arqonis SemTxvevaSi arsebobs didi albaToba imisa, rom narkomanebi CaerTvebian prosti-tuciaSi. xSirad narkomovaWreebi TavianTi gegmebis gansaxorcieleblad xels uwyoben korufciis ganviTarebas da qrTamis sanacvlod iReben calkeuli Tanamdebobis pirebisa da politikosebis mfarvelobas am yvelafris mizezi ki isaa, rom narkotikebiT vaWroba akrZalulia da Sesabamisad narkomovaWreebi iZulebuli arian mimarTon korufcias, TavianTi miznebis misaRwevad, meores mxriv, ki narkotikebis akrZalva narkovaWrobas aqcevs sarfian biznesad da Sesabamisad narkomovaW-reebs SeswevT calkeul Tanamdebobis pirTa moqrTamvis unari. narkotikebi marTlsawinaaRmdgo qmedebebTan mravalmxrivaa dakavSire-buli, narkotikebis moxmareba, Senaxva, damzadeba an distribucia war-moadgens samarTaldarRvevas. narkotikebi warmoSoben Zladobasa da narkovaWrobasTan dakavSirebul aralegalur qmedebebs, am SemTxvevaSi narkotikebis akrZalvas da Sesabamisi aralegaluri vaWrobis ganvi-Tarebas iseTive Sedegi aqvs, rogoric es iyo aSS-Si 1920-1933 wlebSi roca moqmedebda mSrali kanono, sadac akrZalvam ver gamoitana sasurveli Sedegi. alkoholiT vaWroba, miuxedavad gatarebuli Ron-isZiebebisa, ar Sewyvetila da aqedan milionobiT dolaris odenobis Semosavals naxulobda ara saxelmwifo, aramed organizebuli dana-Sauli, romelis gaZlierebamac xeli Seuwyo iseTi danaSaulebis mom-ravlebas rogorebicaa: qurdobebi, mkvlelobebi, korufcia da a.S. aseve narkomanebi narkotikebis SesaZeni fulis arqonis gamo, iZule-bulni arian Caidinon sxvadasxva saxis danaSaulebi, raTa SeZlon narkotikebis SeZena. aseve CaerTon prostituciaSi da a. S. aRsaniSnaia aseve is faqti, rom aSS-sa da did britaneTSi Cadenili qurdobebis, maRaziaTa Zarcvis, yaCaRobebisa da manqanaTa gatacebis faqtebis ZiriTadi warmomSobi mizezi swored narkotikebia.

ratom moixmaren adamianebi narkotikebs?

arsebobs ramodenime Teoria imis Taobaze, Tu ratom iyeneben ada-mianebi narkotikebs. yvela es Teoria SeiZleba davyoT or ZiriTad jgufad: bio-fsiqo-socialur da fiziologiur Teoriebad. adamianebi narkotikebs mravali mizezis gamo moixmaren, aseTi SeiZleba iyos: yoveldRiuri problemebisgan droebiT gaqcevis survili; mowyeniloba; TviTgamoxatvis survili; siamovnebis miRebis survili; sulieri siT-bosa da siyverulis ukmarisoba; cnobierebaze eqsperimenti; cnobismoy-vareoba; TanatolTa mxridan zewola; Sinagani disciplinisa da pasux-ismgeblobis grZnobis arqona; motivaciis arqona; seriozuli Sinagani konfliqtebi; socializaciis problema; Tavdajerebulobis arqona; popularobisa da axali nacnobebis SeZenis survili; depresiis damar-cxebis survili da a.S.

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narkotikebis legalizacia

narkotikebis winaaRmdeg brZolas mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs, ma-gram saboloo jamSi maTi sabolood aRmofxvra verc erTma saxelm-wifom ver SeZlo, piriqiT brZolas xSirad sapirispiro Sedegi moaqvs, radganac xSirad raimes akrZalva iZleva e.w. “akrZaluli xilis efeqts”, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom raime nivTi an saqcieli mimzid-velia, mxolod imitom, rom igi akrZalulia da sazogadoebis gark-veuli nawili mas SeiZleba ganixilavdes, rogorc protestis erTgvar formas. akrZalva, rogorc amas praqtka aCvenebs ar aris gamosvali da mas yovelTvis mohyveba arasasurveli Sedegebi da damatebiTi xarjebi. Cndeba kiTxva, Tu alkoholis leglizaciam ar moitana sasurveli Sedegi, ratom unda iqnes warmatebuli narkotikebis akrZalva? ada-mianebi eZeben am problemis gadaWris alternatiul gzebsa da saSu-alebebs, erT-erT aseT gamosavals swored narkotikebis legalizacia warmoadgens. rodesac saubaria narkotikebis legalizaciaze, SeiZleba sxvadasxva ram igulisxmebodes. rogorc wesi, legalizacias safuZvlad udevs narkotikebis pirobiTi dayofa e.w. “msubuqi” da “mZime” narkotikebad, Tan ZiriTadad saubaria mxolod “msubuqi” narkotikebis legalizaci-aze. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, aseTi politika araa sakmarisi prob-lemaTa farTo speqtris mogvarebisaTvis, aramed sasurveli Sedegi, magaliTad es ar aRmofxvris narkobizness da a.S. aramed unda moxdes narkotikebis kultivirebis, damzadebisa da vaWrobis dekriminali-zacia. specialuri licenziis safuzvelze nebismier pirs garkveuli asakidan unda hqondes e.w. “msubuqi” narkotikebis SeZenis ufleba. aseve specialuri licenziis safuZvelze garkveuli tipis dawese-bulebebs (Cofee Shop) unda hqondeT maTi kultivirebisa da srulwlovan moqalaqeebze maTi gayidvis ufleba. unda iqnes gamoyenebuli e.w. “zianis Semcirebis” programebi, rac gulisxmobs narkotikebis Canacv-lebas sxva narkotikuli saSualebebiT (magaliTad metadoni), ro-melic programis monawile pirebs unda daurigdeT ufasod. aRsaniSna-via, rom Tu zemoT CamoTvlil RonisZiebaTa kompleqsurad ganxor-cieleba ar moxda, aman damatebiT SeiZleba gamoiwvios garkveuli problemebi. narkotikebis legalizeba ar unda iyos ganxiluli, rogorc narko-maniis aRmofxvris saSualeba, aramed narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli mravali problemis gadaWris saSualeba. narkotikebis legalizaciaze saubari xSirad aRZravs SiSs imisa, rom aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios narkotikebis momxmarebelTa zrda, Tumca niderlandebis magaliTi sapirispiros adasturebs. holandiaSi mamrobiTi sqesis axalgazrdo-bis daaxloebiT 9.7% e.w. “msubuq” narkotikebs moixmars TveSi erTxel, maSin roca evropuli saxelmwifoebis nawilSi es maCvenebeli ufro maRalia (italia 10.9%, genmania 9.9%, gaerTianebuli samefo 15.8%, espa-neTi 16.4%). aqedan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom narkotikebis legalizacia ar iwvevs narkotikebis momxmarebelTa ricxvis ukon-trolo zrdas. narkotikebis moxmarebis (arasamedicino mizniT), kul-tivaciis da misi Tavisufali brunvis legalizaciis Sedegad SesaZle-beli gaxdeba garkveuli problemebis gadaWra: mobiluri dabegvris arsebobis SemTxvevaSi ganadgurdeba aralegaluri narkotikebis ba-zari; SeizRudeba narkomanTa Soris iseTi daavadebebis gavrceleba rogoricaa Sidsi, B da C hepatiti da sxva infeqciuri daavadebebi; minimumamde dava narkotikul danaSaulTa ricxvi; aseve minimumamde

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Semcirdeba narkotikebis moxmarebiT provocirebul danaSaulTa raodenoba; Seiqmneba narkomanTa efeqturi kontrolis SesaZlebloba; narkobiznesidan miRebuli Semosavali Seva saxelmwifo biujetSi; gan-viTardeba turizmi (e. w. “narkoturizmi”); aRmoifxvreba narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli korufcia; saxelmwifos antinarkotikul operaciebSi daexarjeba gacilebiT ufro naklebi saxsrebi; Semcirdeba cixeebSi patimarTa raodenoba; mdedrobiTi sqesis narkomanebs ar mouwevT prostituciaSi Cabma, narkotikebis mosapoveblad saWiro fulis saS-ovnad da a. S.

narkotikebis legalizaciis gamocdileba zogierT saxelmwifoSi

sainteresoa sxvadasxva qveynebis gamocdileba narkotikebis legali-zaciasTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad holandiis maRaziebSi Tavisuflad SeiZleba e. w. “msubuqi” narkotikebis SeZena (SezRuduli raodenobiT). holandiis qalaqebSi dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi dganan specialuri av-tobusebi, sadac narkomanebs SeuZliaT ufasod miiRon metadoni aseve aq SesaZlebelia naxmari erTjeradi Sprocebis gadacvla axlebze, ma-gram miuxedavad aseTi politikisa niderlandebSi narkotikebTan da-kavSirebuli problemebi gacilebiT ufro naklebia, vidre bevr sxva mezobel saxelmwifoSi, aq aseve naklebia narkotikebTan dakavSire-buli sikvdilianobac. latviaSi ki metadons narkomanebs ufasod urigebdnen da erTjerad Spricebsac aZlevdnen, ramac Seamcira maT Soris infeqciuri daavadebebis gavrceleba. SveicariaSi ki narko-manebs urigeben metadons, xolo ciurixSi Catarda specialuri aqcia, sadac nebismier msurvels ukeTebdnen morfins. eqsperimentma eqscese-bis gareSe Caiara da aRmoCnda, rom eqspertTa molodinis miuxedavad, aqciaSi monawileoba miiRo mxolod orasamde adamianma. aRsaniSnavia, rom narkotikebis legalizaciaSi xSirad saxelmwifoebs mxars uWeren sxvadasxva organizaciebi. narkotikebis legalizaciam, ra Tqma unda, ver gadaWra narkomaniis problema verc erT saxelmwifoSi, Tumca igi warmoadgens narkotike-biT gamowveuli zianis Semcirebis erT-erT efeqtur saSualebas.

narkotikebis moxmareba rogorc ufleba

adamianis piradi cxovreba saxelmwifos mier ar unda regulirde-bodes. pirs SeuZlia Tavis sxeuls rac undA is gaukeTos, maT Soris siamovnebis misaRebad gamoiyenosMnarkotikebi da amiT miayenos mas ziani, magram amiT ar unda daazianon sxvisi uflebebi. jon stiuart mili ambobda, rom: “saxelmwifos ar aqvs ufleba Caerios individis saqmeSi da aukrZalos mas im qmedebis ganxorcieleba, romelic zians ayenebs mxolod mas da ara sazogadoebis sxva wevrebs”. alister qroulis azriT ki narkotikebis gamoyeneba warmoadgens “umsxverplo danaSauls” aqedan gamomdinare saxelmwifos ar aqvs ufleba akrZalos igi an dasajos misi momxmarebeli iseve rogorc ar aqvs ufleba dasajos adamianebi zedmeti WamisaTvis. aRsaniSnavia aseve isic, rom adamianis uflebaTa deklaraciis me-4 muxlis Sesabamisad adamians ufleba aqvs gaakeTos yvelaferi is, rac xels ar uSlis garSemomyofT. Tu narkotikebis momxmarebeli ar av-nebs sazogadoebas, aramed mxlod sakuTar Tavs, albaT mas unda hqon-

39

des ufleba gamoiyenos narkotikebi. meores mxriv, narkotikebis akrZalva dakavSirebulia piradi cxovrebis pativiscemis uflebasTan, romelic garantirebulia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxliT. marTalia konvenciaSi pirdapir araa naTqvammi, rom piradi cxovrebis pativiscema moicavs narkotikebis moxmarebis uflebasac, Tumca saqmeze kostelo-robartsi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom piradi cxovreba warmoadgens farTo koncefcias, romelic ar eqvemdebareba amomwurav definicias. es ki ar gamoricxavs imas, rom narkotikebis moxmarebis akrZalva zRudavs ada-mianis ZiriTad uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, saxelmwifo aSkarad da gaumarTleblad ereva individis pirad cxovrebaSi, rac yovlad mi-uRebelia.

legalizaciis mosalodneli Sedegebi

1.Sidsis da sxva infeqciuri daavadebebis gavrcelebis SezRudva saxelmwifos mier narkotikebis legalizacia da efeqturi kompleqsu-ri RonisZiebebis gatareba, xels Seuwyobs narkomanTa Soris Sidsis, hepatitebis, tuberkuliozisa da sxva infeqciuri daavadebebis gavr-celebis SezRudvas. Tu saxelmwifo ufasod daurigebs narkomanebs metadonsa da naxmar erTjerad Spricebs gadaucvlis maT axlebSi, es Seamcirebs narkomanTa Soris Sidsis gavrcelebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom aseTi meTodi aprobirebulia zogierT dasavlur saxelmwifoSi. arse-buli magaliTebidan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom narkomanebis nemsebiTa da metadoniT uzrunelyofas, SeuZlia Seamciros narkomanebs Soris infeqciuri daavadebebis gavrceleba. 2. aralegaluri bazris ganadgureba erT-erT umniSvnelovanes prolemas saxelmwifosaTvis warmoadgens narotikebis aralegaluri bazris arseboba. mis winaaRmdeg brZola ki yoveelTvis warumateblobiT sruldeba, radganac Tu arsebobs pro-duqtze didi moTxovna da saxemwifo mas aralegalurad acxadebs, ma-Sin moTxovnas Savi bazari akmayofilebs. zustad ase xdeba narkotike-bis SemTxvevaSic. aRsaniSnavia, rom akrZalvis pirobebSi mTeli mso-flios masStabiT amoRebuli narkotikebis raodenoba arc Tu ise di-dia, igi meryeobs 10%-dan 30% mde, miuxedavad amisa, arsebuli moTxov-na mainc arkmayofildeba. kidev erTi mizezi, ris gam 3. narkotikul danaSaulebaTa sagrZnobi Semcireba narkotikebi marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebebTan mravalmxrivaa dakavSi-rebuli, narkotikebis moxmareba; Senaxva; damzadeba an distribucia warmoadgens samrTaldarRvevas. narkotikebi aseve dakavSirebuli arian danaSaulTan imis mixedviT, Tu rogor efeqts axdenen isini momxmareblis qcevaze. narkotikebi warmoSoben Zaladobasa da narko-vaWrobasTan dakavSirebul aralegalur qmedebebs. narkotikebTan da-kavSirebuli danaSaulebi SeiZleba sam kategoriad daiyos: narkotikebisa da danaSaulis urTierTdamokidebuleba narkotikebisa da danaSaulis urTierTdamokidebuleba

gansazRvreba magaliTebi

narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli qmedebebi romelic uSualod samarTaldarRvevadaa

im samarTlis normebis darRveva, romlebic krZalaven aralegaluri narkotikebis

aseT danaSaulebs gane-kuTvneba, magaliTad: nar-kotikebis distribucia,

40

gamocxadebuli Senaxvas, moxmarebas, distribucias, damzadebas da a.S.

damzadeba da a.S.

narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli samarTaldarRvevebi

es aris is samarTaldarRvevebi, romlebsac warmoSobs narkotikebis farmakologiuri efeqti; samarTaldarRveebi, romlebic motivirebulia narkomanTa moTxovnilebiT iSovon Ffuli narkotikebis SesaZenad

magaliTad aseTi danaSaulebebia, qurdobebi, Zarcvebi, yaCaRobebi, Zaladoba narkodilerTa konkurent narkodilerTa winaaRmdeg da a.S.

cxovrebis stili, romelic dakavSirebulia narkotikebis moxmarebasTan

cxovrebis stili, romelic Seicavs aralegaluri saqmianobis zrdis safrTxes, radganac narkotikebis biznesSi CarTuli pirebi ar monawileoben legitimur biznesSi da Sesabamisad xels uwyoben danaSaulis gavrcelebas

cxovrebis stili, romelic orientirebulia moklevadian miznebze da romelsac xels uwyobs aralegaluri saqmianoba.aralegalur sabazro saqmianobaSi CarTva

aRsaniSnavia, rom cxovrebis stili, romelic dakavSirebulia narkotikebis gamoyenebasTan a.S.S-sTvis danaSaulis warmoSobis erT-erT umTavres mizezs warmoadgens. Tu moxdeba narkotikebis legali-zacia, maSin samarTaldarRvevad ar CaiTvleba narkotikebis moxmareba da maTi Senaxva, kultivireba, damzadeba, gadatana, gadagzavna da a.S. Sesabamisad am qmedebisaTvis pirebs ar daekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba, sisxlis samarTebrlivi iqneba es Tu administraciuli. Tu saxelmwifo ufasod miscems narkomanebs (romlebic amis saWiroebas ganicdian) metadons maSin sagrZnoblad, unda Semcirdes narkotikebis saSovnad Cadenil danaSaulTa ricxvi. roca saubaria narkodanaSa-ulebis winaaRmdeg brZolaze, unda aRiniSnos,rom realizacia gamoiwvevs zemoT xsenebuli danaSaulebis winaaRmdeg brZolaze, unda aRiniSnos, rom realizacia gamoiwvevs zemoT xsenebuli danaSaulebis sagrZnoblad Semcirebas, Tumca es srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas rom es danaSaulebi sruliad aRmoifxvreba. yvelaferi amis Sedegi iqneba narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulebisaTvis gasamarTlebul pirTa ricxvis Semcireba, rac avtomaturad gamoiwvevs cixeebSi patimrebis Semcirebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi narkotikuli danaSaulebis xvedriTi wilis 2005 wlis monacemebis 4.79%, xolo aSS_Si narkotikuli danaSaulebisaTvis gasamarTlebul patimarTa xvedriTi wili 20%-ia. narkotikebis legalizacia gamoiwvevs cixeebSi patimarTa Semcirebas narkotikuli danaSaulebisaTvis gasamarTlebul pirTa xarjze. 4. mosalodneli Semosavlebi legalizaciis Sedegad gaizrdeba saxelmwifos Semosavali. saxelmwi-foebi uamrav Tanxas xarjaven narkotikebiT winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. Tu saxelmwifo moaxdens narkotikebis legalizacias, rogorc zemoT iyo naTqvami Semcirdeba narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulebis ricxvi, Sesabamisad naklebi Tanxebi daixarjeba narkotikebis wi-naaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, Tu Semcirdeba aralegaluri narkobiznesis maStabebi, Semcirdeba narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulebisTvis gasamarTlebul pirTa ricxvi, rac saxelmwifos saSualeba miscems dazogos penitenciur sistemaSi daxarjuli saxsrebi, Tu Semcirdeba infeqciur daavadebaTa gavrcelebis maStabebi saxelmwifo dazogavs aseTi avadmyofebis samkurnalod daxarjuli saxsrebi, Tu Semcirdeba infeqciur daavadebaTa gavrcelebis maStabebi saxelmwifo dazogavs aseTi avadmyofebis samkurnalod daxarjul Tanxebs.

41

aRsaniSnavia, rom zemoTxsenebuli mxolod erTi nawilia mxolod le-galizaciiT miRebuli Semosavlebisa, meores mxriv narkotikebis le-galizacia gamoiwvevs qveyanaSi ucxoeli turistebis mozidvas, im qveynebidan sadac narkotikebi araa leglizebuli, rac damatebiTi Se-mosavlis wyaro iqneba. 5. narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli korufciis Semcireba xSirad narkomovaWreebi mfarvelobisaTvis mimarTaven Tanamdebobis pirebs da qrTamis sanacvlod iReben maT mfarvelobas. am yvelafris mizezi ki swored isaa, rom narkotikebi araa legaluri. legali-zaciis SemTxvevaSi ki narkobiznesi saxelmwifs mier daibegreba da narkovaWroba legaluri gaxdeba, ris Sedegadac sagrZnoblad Sem-cirdeba narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli korufcia, Sesabamisad Secirdeba korufciis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad gamoyofili saxsre-bis raodenoba.

legalizaciis perspeqtiva marTalia narkotikebis legalizaciaze bevri saubari midis, Tumca legalizacia srulad arsad ganxorcielebula. legalizacia arsad ar momxdara sakanonmdeblo doneze, maT Soris niderlandebSic. aR-saniSnavia, rom legalizacia ver moxdeba sakononmdeblo doneze, radganac es ewinaaRmdegeba 1961 wlis erTian konvencias narkotikuli nivTierebis Sesaxeb, 1972 wlis protokols romliTac cvlilebebi Sevida 1961 wlis konvenciaSi, 1971 wlis konvencias fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis Sesaxxeb da 1988 wlis konvencias narkotikuli saSuale-bebis da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis ukanono brunvis Sesaxeb. gaeros konvenciebi xels uSlis calkeuli saxelmwifoebis mcdelobas moaxdinon narkotikebis an maTi nawilis piradi gamoyenebisTvis le-galizeba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es konvenciebi warmoadgenen legal-izebisaTvis iuridiul bariers. meores mxriv narkotikebis legali-zaciisaTvis aucilebelia mosaxleobis mzadyofna aseTi nabijisaTvis, radganac saboloo jamSi swored xalxis gadasawyvetia surT Tu ara maT narkotikebis legalizacia, ama Tu im formiT.

giorgi mircxulava

soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis studenti

gamoyenebuli literatura

1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, Tavi 33-e, narkotikuli

danaSauli; 2. saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 45-e

muxli; 3. The Evropian Convention of Human Right, Article 8; 4. Castello-Roberts v. the United Kingdom, Judjment of 25 March 1993, Application no.

13134/87, paragraph; 5. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (New York 30 March 1961); 6. Protocol amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (25 March 1972); 7. Convention on Psychotropic Substances (Vienna, 21 February 1971) 8. Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Vi-

enna, 20 December 1988) 9. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly

resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948)

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10. «Наркобизнес – глобальная проблема XXI века» – Р.К.Щецин, Г.А.Сулейманова, (Журнал «Мировая экономика и международные отношения», 2006, №6, с.50-57);

11. Tod Hiro Mikuriya, M.D. – Physical, Mental, and Moral Effects of Marijuana: The In-dian Hemp Drugs Commission Report; San Francisco California;

12. Tim Rhodes, Catherine Lowndes, Ali Judd, Larissa A. Mikhailova, Anya Sarang, An-drey Rylkov, Mikhail Tichonov, Kim Lewis, Nina Ulyanova, Tatiana Alpatova, Victor Karavashkin, Mikhail Khutorskoy, Matthew Hickman, John V. Parry and Adrian Ren-ton: Explosive Spread and High prevalence of HIV infection among injecting drug users in Togliatti City, Russia; AIDS 2002, 16:F25-F31

13. Richard Davenport-Hines, in his book The Pursuit of Oblivion (W.W. Norton & Com-pany, 2001)

14. Teona beruaSvili – narkomaniasTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulebis kriminologiuri daxasiaTeba, Jurnali kriminologi #1, 2007;

15. Rydell & Evering, Controlling Cocaine, Prepared for the Office of National Drug Con-trol Policy and the United States Army (Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation, 1994.)

16. Associated Press, "U.N. Estimates Drug Business Equal to 8 percent of World Trade," (1997, June 26)

17. Transform Drug Policy Foundation; After the War on Drugs. Options for Control; 18. "New Tactics in the War on Drugs Tilt Scales of Justice Off Balance"; New York Times,

(29 December 1989) 19. Douglas N. Husak – Drugs and Rights; Chap. 1 Drugs, Drug Use, and Decriminalization

John Stuart Mill – On Liberty; London 1869 20. Rydell & Evering, Controlling Cocaine, Prepared for the Office of National Drug Con-

trol Policy and the United States Army (Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation, 1994.)

21. Associated Press, "U.N. Estimates Drug Business Equal to 8 percent of World Trade," (1997, June 26)

22. Rumsfeld Tells Senators His Views on Drug War," The Los Angeles Times, January 12, 2001

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giorgi mircxulava

narkotikebis legalizaciis upiratesobebi

akrZalvasTan SedarebiT

reziume

mocemul statiaSi saubaria narkotikuli politikisa da strategiis liberalizaciaze, narkotikebis akrZalvis araefeqturobaze, aseve narkotikebis moxmarebaze rogorc uflebaze. aqve ganixileba Sedegebi da upiratesobebi, romelic mohyveba liberalizacias. statiaSi aseve saubaria sxvadasxva qveyanaSi, sazogadoebasa da saerTaSoriso samar-


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arguments_for_and_against_drug_prohibition#Forbidding_drugs_can_romanticize_them

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_fruit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_of_alcohol#Nordic_countries

https://amsterdamescape.com/coffeeshop.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands#_note-comp

http://www.forbes.com/2005/06/02/cz_qh_0602pot.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States#National_Prohibition

http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/crime-victims/reducing-crime/drug-related-crime

http://www.umsl.edu/%7Ekeelr/180/theordrg.html

http://www.antinarcotics.psd.gov.jo/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=50

http://www.antinarcotics.psd.gov.jo/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=50

http://www.request.org.uk/issues/topics/drugs/drugs03.htm

http://www.adroga.casadia.org/abuse/abuse02_i.htm

http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/kids/choc2morph/c2m3.htm

http://www.wikihow.com/Understand-Why-People-Use-Drugs

http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/pubs/adp-apd/straight_facts-faits_mefaits/drug_use-consommation_drogues_e.html

http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/pubs/adp-apd/straight_facts-faits_mefaits/drug_use-consommation_drogues_e.html

http://www.narkotiki.ru/kids_182.html

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4#.D0.AD.D0.BF.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4#.D0.AD.D0.BF.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F

http://www.unodc.org/pdf/WDR_2004/Chap1_injecting_drugs.pdf

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TalSi arsebul midgomebze. aseve ganxilulia narkotikebis legali-zacia rogorc zianis Semcirebis erT-erTi qmediTi meqanizmi da ara rogorc yvela problemis aRmofxvrisa da gadaWris saSualeba.

Гиоргий Мирцхулава

Преимущество легализации наркотиков по сравнению с запретом

Резюме В данной статье предметом обсуждения является либерализация наркополитики и стратегии, неэффективность нынешней политики запрета, а также право на употребления наркотических веществ. В работе рассматриваются последствия и преимущества легализации наркотиков. В статье также обсуждаются подходы существующие в разных странах и в международном праве. В статье легализация наркотиков рассматривается как эффективный механизм уменьшения вреда, а не как средство искоренения и разрешения всех существующих проблем.

George Mirtskhulava

Advantage of drug legalization in comparison with prohibition

The Summary

In the given article is reviewed liberalization of drug and strategy, ineffectiveness of drug prohibition policy, and right of using drugs. Alleged results and adventages of drug legaliza-tion are also considered. Approach of different countries and international law to this issue is also reviewed. The author of the article considers legalization as an effective mean of decreasing harm, and not as universal remedy for solving and eradication all existing problems.

45

lolita Sengelia

narkomaniis zogadi problematikis mimoxilva mozardebisTvis

zogadi situaciis mimoxilva. narkomania globaluri problemaa da yvela saxelmwifos zrunvis sagans warmoadgens. saqarTvelosTvis narkotikuli saSualebebis/fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis moxmarebis Sedegebi umZimesia. bolo periodSi Cvens sazogadoebaSi, gansakuTrebiT mozardebSi, narkomania swrafad vrceldeba. problemis dayeneba. narkomanTa problemebi, narkomania Tu narkobiznesi mougvarebel problemad iqca, miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela qveyanaSi mis winaaRmdeg aqtiuri brZolaa gamocxadebuli. narkomania mTel dedamiwas ipyrobs, xolo narkomanTa ricxvi progresulad izrdeba. amasTan axalgazrdobasTan erTad, narkotikebis mimarT mozardi Taobis interesic didia. mozardoba tradiciulad ganixileboda, rogorc cxovrebis mSfoTvare periodi, romelic ganwyobilebis ukiduresi cvlilebebiTa da rTuli, araprognozirebadi qceviT – „qariSxliTa da stresiT“ _ xasiaTdeba. samwuxarod, im mozardebs, romlebic Znelad eguebian cvalebad pirobebs, mosalodnelia, rom mogvianebiT, mozrdilobaSic axasiaTebdeT aseTive sirTuleebi (Offer et al., 1998; Stattin & Magnusson, 1996). arsebobs mravali kvleva, romelmac aCvena Zlieri kavSiri mozardTa qceviT problemebsa da mozrdilobaSi ganxorcielebul kriminalur qcevas Soris. mozardoba pirveli periodia, rodesac Tanatolebi ecilebian mSoblebs pirovnebis ganwyobebisa da qcevebis formirebaSi. TanatolebTan urTierTobis procesSi mozardebi TandaTanobiT sazRvraven TavianTi ganviTarebadi identobebis socialur komponents _ sazRvraven, rogor adamianebad surT yofna da rogori urTierTobebi surT, rom hqondeT (Berndt, 1992; Hartup, 1996). amitom mozardebi da maTi megobrebi xSirad mWidrod Sekrul jgufebs qmnian, magaliTad, rodesac saqme exeba narkotikebis miRebas (Dinges & Oetting, 1993). vinaidan mozardobaSi Tanatolebis jgufi socialuri mxardaWeris mzardi mniSvnelovnebis wyarod iqceva, matulobs maTgan SesaZlo uaryofiT gamowveuli SfoTvac. amis Sedegad viTardeba Tanatolebis faseulobebisadmi da qcevebisadmi damyoloba _ Tanatolebis zewola, romlisac ase eSiniaT mSoblebs da romelic Tavis piks daaxloebiT 12-13 wlis asakSi aRwevs (Brown, 1989). Tanatolebis mxridan zewolis SesaZleblobis gamo, mSoblebi xSirad ganicdian, rom maT konkurencia unda gauwion sakuTari Svilis megobrebs, raTa daicvan isini saziano ganwyobebisa da qcevebis ganviTarebisgan. Tumca, simarTlesTan ufro axlos dgas is faqti, rom zogadad, mozardebi, cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis sxvadasxva kategoriis Sesaxeb saubroben mSoblebTan da TanatolebTan. magaliTad, mozardebi miuTiTeben, rom maT skolaSi miRweuli warmatebebis ganxilva gansakuTrebiT urCevniaT mSoblebTan da ara _ megobrebTan, Tumca, megobrebTan gacilebiT meti xalisiT saubroben paemanze momxdar

46

ambebze, narkotikebze da seqsze, vidre _ mSoblebTan (Youniss & Smollar, 1985).

rogori saSiSic ar unda iyos narkomania, rogorc adamianis daavadeba, anu rogorc samedicino faqti, aranakleb, da, SesaZloa, ufro saSiSic iyos narkomaniis problemis ekonomikuri da, aqedan gamomdinare, politikuri da zneobrivi aspeqtebi: rogorc ekonomikuri movlena – es yovelTvis aris organizebuli kriminaluri biznesi, xolo moralisa da samarTlis TvalsazrisiT – es yovelTvis aris organizebuli mkvleloba. narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli safrTxe saqarTveloSi xasiaTdeba mudmivi zrdis tendenciiT. ukanaskneli 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi narkotikebis momxmarebelTa oficialurad registrirebuli raodenoba 9-jer gaizarda. 2004 wlis bolosTvis oficialurad registirebuli iyo 24,000-mde narkotikebis momxmarebeli an maTze damokidebuli piri (2005 wlis monacemebi ar arsebobs). eqspertuli SefasebiT, narkotikebis momxmarebelTa da narkotikze damokidebulTa savaraudo raodenobam 250 aTass gadaaWarba. aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis narkotikebis moxma-rebis angariSis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi 2004 wels 275 000-mde narkotikebis momxmarebeli iyo, 2005 wels maTma raodenobam 350000-s miaRwia. 2002-2004 ww narkotikis moxmarebis dawyebis saSualo asaki saqarTveloSi 2 wliT gaaxalgazrdavda (18–dan 16 wlamde). saqarTveloSi narkomaniasTan sabrZolvelad ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebi metad araefeqtiania, kerZod: a) ar xorcieldeba farTomasStabiani prevenciuli RonisZiebebi; b) instituciuri infrastruqtura ver pasuxobs arsebul

moTxovnebs; g) ar arsebobs narkotikuli saSualebebis/fsiqotropuli

nivTierebebis momxmarebelTa da narkomaniiT daavadebul pirTa aRricxvisa da epidemiologiuri zedamxedvelobis gamarTuli sistemebi;

d) narkologiuri momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba sagrZnoblad SezRudulia;

e) aRiniSneba kvalificiuri kadrebis deficiti; v) qveyanaSi TiTqmis ar arsebobs srulfasovani sareabilitacio

momsaxureba; wlebis ganmavlobaSi narkomaniis gavrcelebas xels uwyobda is garemoeba, rom saqarTvelos narkomaniis sferoSi ar gaaCnda erovnuli politika, Sesabamisad, masTan sabrZolvelad ganxorciele-buli RonisZiebebi metad araefeqtiani iyo. saqarTvelos parlamentma 2007 wlis 13 Tebervals miiRo dadgenileba `saqarTvelos erovnuli antinarkotikuli strategiis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~, rasac mohyva 2007 wlis 3 ivliss saqarTvelos parlamentis mier `narkotikuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis miReba. am kanonis mizania, xeli Seuwyos narkotikuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolas, narkomaniis gavrce-lebis Tavidan acilebas, kerZo, sazogadoebrivi da saxelmwifo interesebis dacvas narkotikuli saSualebebis gamsaRebelTa da narkotikuli saqmianobis xelSemwyobTa xelyofisagan, agreTve narkotikuli saSualebebis moxmarebisa da gavrcelebis prevencias.

47

kanonmdeblobis ganviTareba 90-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi dasrulda narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli yvela saerTaSoriso kovenciis ratificireba; 1999 wels miRebul iqna axali sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, xolo 2002 wlis 5 dekembers saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni “narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis, prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb”, romelic ZalaSi 2003 wlis martSi Sevida. axali kanonmdeblobis ZiriTad principad SeiZleba CaiTvalos adamianis uflebebis gaTvaliswinebiT pirovnebis mier narkotikebis SeZenisa da moxmarebis maqsimaluri SezRudva da, amasTanave, wamaldamokidebuli adamianis avadmyofad aRiareba. axali kanoniT ganisazRvra saxelmwifo valdebulebebi narkomaniiT daavadebulTa mimarT. kanonis mixedviT, saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos am kontingentis gamokvleva, eqspertiza, diagnostika, dispanserizacia, mkurnaloba da reabilitacia. Tumca, gamomdinare qveynis dRevandeli mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan, aRniSnuli daxmarebis ganxorcieleba saxelmwifoSi moqmedi programis farglebSi SeuZlebelia. dReisaTvis mkurnalobis arc erTi SemTxveva ar finansdeba saxelmwifos mierю sxva strategiul siaxleebTan erTad, kanonma SemoiRo narkomaniiT daavadebulTa da narkotikuli saSualebebis momxmarebelTa aucile-beli da centralizebuli aRricxvis sistema; dauSva saqarTvelos teritoriaze CanacvlebiTi mkurnalobis danergva; misca narkologiur avadmyofebs ufleba, imkurnalon anonimurad; gansazRvra savalde-bulo mkurnalobis zogadi principebi; SemoiRo narkotikuli danaSaulis gamo dakavebuli da sasjelmisjili pirebisaTvis savaldebulo mkurnaloba (dRes, samwuxarod, verc es sruldeba finansuri da instituciuri deficitis gamo). kanonis am debulebaTa Sesrulebis regulirebis mizniT, saWiro gaxda da daiwyo samuSaoebi Sesabamisi kanonqvemdebare aqtebis gamoce-misa da qveyanaSi moqmed sisxlis samarTlisa da administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsebSi cvlilebebis Setanis mimarTulebiT. daskvnis saxiT unda iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi `narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis, prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ kanonis Sesruleba limitirebulia qveyanaSi arsebuli instituciuri da finansuri resursebiT. saqarTvelos parlamentis janmrTelobis dacvisa da socialur sakiTxTa komitetis mier sakanonmdeblo iniciativis wesiT SemuSaveb-uli "narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis, preku-rsorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb”, "saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi cvlilebebisa da damatebis Setanis Taobaze", "saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kode-qsSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Sesaxeb", "sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb" saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Sesaxeb" kanonproeqtebi ukve ganixiles janmrTelobis dacvisa da socialur sakiTxTa komitetis sxdomaze.

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problemis analizi. mainc ra Zala aqvs narkotiks iseTi, rom amdeni momxmarebeli, gamomyenebeli da damawyevari hyavs? ra aris is, rac Tavisufal adamians unebisyofo, gonebadabindul da wamalze damokidebul arsebad aqcevs? ratom hqvia narkomanias `damokidebulebis daavadeba”? narkotikul nivTierebebs gaaCniaT Tviseba, ise imoqmedon adamianze, rom gamoiwvion fsiqikuri da fizikuri miCveva _ damokidebuleba. fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT, adamiani `zarmacdeba” _ mas aRar sWirdeba garemoSi eZios siamovnebis momtani axali movlenebi Tu urTierTobebi, iyos interesiani da mizandasaxuli. am yvelafers mas `kaifi” da narkotikis morigi doza ucvlis, romlis mopovebac TavisTavad iqceva cxovrebis mTavar miznad. fizikur damokidebulebas ki im neiroqimiuri da fiziologiuri meqanizmebis darRveva ganapirobebs, romelic uzrunvelyofen siamovnebis bunebriv process. saboloo jamSi narkomanis cxovrebas mTlianad narkotiki gansazRvravs. ra simptomebi aqvs narkomanias? \mTavari simptomi, romelic daavadebis uSualo winamorbedia da yuradRebis miqcevas saWiroebs qcevis cvlilebaa. rogorc wesi, am dros adamiani icvlis megobrebis Cveul wres, interesebs, Cndeba tyuili, `saidumlo” zarebi, saqmeebi, da a.S. Tavad daavadebis simptomebi mniSvnelovnad damokidebulia moxmarebuli narkotikis saxeze. zogierTi iwvevs halucinaciebs, zogierTi gabruebasa da eiforias, aris damamSvidebeli, an mastimulirebeli nivTierebebic. daavadebis simptomebis simZafreze moqmedebs moxmarebis xangrZlivoba (`staJi”) da Tavad momxmareblis pirovnuli Taviseburebebi. rac ufro xangrZlivia moxmarebis `staJi”, miT ufro Rrma da Seuqcevadia narkotikebiT gamowveuli is cvlilebebi, romelTac adamiani, bolosdabolos, socialur, fsiqologiur da fizikur invalidobamde mihyavT. TviTon axalgazdebi maTTvis xelmisawvdom erT-erT saitze http://forum.boom.ge/lofiversion/index.php/t3243.html 2007 wlis 26 ianvars saubrobdnen `miaqcieT yuradReba studentebs, da aRmoaCenT rom yvelaze didi problema narkomaniaa.~ sadac Tanatolebi TviTonve cdilobdnen problemis saTave epovaT `yvelaze didi problema, nihilizmia. udardeloba, gulgriloba da raRac amdagvari. narkomania mxolod Sedegia~. aqve mesame erTveba `samwuxarod narkomania marto studentobis problemaa araa. Zalian bevri bavSvi vici 14-15 wlis, romelic ukve narkomania~. axalgazrdebSi popularuli kidev erTi saiti http://www.fortuna.ge/forums/ 2007 wlis 22 agvistodan noembris CaTvliT forumSi ixilavda Temas narkomania mozardebSi, sadac Semdegi mowodebebi dafiqsirda: `mokled mTavaria saxelmwifo atarebdes swor politikas (ara marto antinarkotikul RonisZiebebs) da es problema gadaiWreboda~, `Cemi azriT saxelmwifo arafer SuaSia, mTavaria ojaxidan qondeT maT gaTviTcnobierebuli Tu ra senia narkotikebis miReba! samwuxarod bevri, ojaxSi ar izrdeba da maT araswor aRzrdas, qcevebs

http://forum.boom.ge/lofiversion/index.php/t3243.html

http://www.fortuna.ge/forums/

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saxelmwifos nu davabralebT!~, `rac ar unda plakatebi vakraT "narkotiki = sikvdils!" araferi Seicvleba! eg marTalia, transfarantebis uazro Ffriali arafers gviSvelis!~, `saxelmwifo unda ecados xeli ar Seuwyos maT, im mxriv, rom narkotikebis Semotanis saSualeba ar unda misces xalxs!~ narkotikuli saSualebebis/fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi kontroli SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes mxolod kompleqsuri, dabalansebuli da Tanmimdevruli antinarkotikuli politikiT, romlis priorite-tebia: narkotikul saSualebebze/fsiqotropul nivTierebebze moTxo-vnis Semcireba da maTi miwodebis SezRudva, narkotikuli saSualebe-bis/fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis moxmarebis pirveladi prevencia, narkomaniiT daavadebul pirTa mkurnaloba da reabilitacia, narkotikuli saSualebebis/fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli zianis Semcireba, narkomaniis problemasTan dakavSire-buli situaciis analizi da kvleva, sazogadoebasTan efeqtiani muSaoba, kvalificiuri kadrebis momzadeba, saerTaSoriso TanamSro-mlobis gafarToeba da Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa. arsebuli resursebi. saqarTveloSi narkomaniis sferoSi muSaoben specializebuli saxelmwifo da kerZo samedicino dawesebulebebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi; qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesias gaaCnia specialuri samsaxuri, romelic narkomaniis problemiTaa dakavebuli. ase, rom Tu adamians gaaCnia survili da mtkice gadawyvetileba, is aucileblad ipovis daxmarebas. unda gaxsovdeT, rom narkomania qronikuli daavadebaa. igi azianebs ara marto adamianis fizikur, aramed fsiqikur janmrTelobas, socialur unarebsa da kavSirebs. 2005 wlidan TbilisSi, narkologiis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis bazaze amoqmedda metadoniT CanacvlebiTi Terapiis pirveli programa. es programa finansdeba SidsTan, tuberkulozTan da malariasTan brZolis globaluri fondis mier. 2007 wels programis wyalobiT gamosavli daaxloebiT 210 adamianma moZebna. metadoniT CanacvlebiTi Terapia. opioidebze damokidebuleba, anu opioiduri narkomania qronikuli daavadebaa, romelic recidivebiT, anu gamwvavebebiT mimdinareobs. am daavadebas iwvevs iseTi narko-tikuli saSualebebis moxmareba, rogoricaa opiumi, heroini, morfini, subuteqsi da sxva. opioiduri narkomania, Cveulebriv, Zalian swrafad yalibdeba da Zalzed mZime daavadebas warmoadgens. igi xasiaTdeba narkotikisadmi fsiqikuri da fizikuri damokidebulebis CamoyalibebiT. damokidebuli adamianis mier narkotikis moxmarebis Sewyveta iwvevs umZimes aRkveTis mdgomareobas, anu e.w.”lomkas”. Tumca damokidebulebis mqone piris-Tvis yvelaze ufro mZime TviT `lomka” ki ar aris, aramed misi gadalaxvis Semdeg fsiqikur ltolvasTan gamklaveba da narkotikis miRebisgan Tavis Sekaveba. ramdenad efeqturia opioiduri narkomaniis mkurnaloba? arsebobs am daavadebis mkurnalobisadmi sxvadasxva midgoma. pioi-duri damokidebulebis mkurnalobis universaluri efeqturi meTodi jerjerobiT SemuSavebuli ar aris.

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optimalurad aRiarebulia mkurnalobis iseTi meTodebi, romlebic Tavidanve orientirebulia narkotikebis miRebis Sewyvetaze. magram, samwuxarod, rogorc mravalwlianma saerTaSoriso gamocdilebam aCvena, dRes arsebuli sxvadasxva saxis mkurnalobis efeqturoba arc ise maRalia. pacientTa umravlesoba mkurnalobidan garkveuli drois Semdeg kvlav ubrundeba narkotikebs. Tumca arsebobs bevri adamiani, romelmac SeZlo narkotikebze samudamod uaris Tqma. eqimebi amas gamojanmrTelebas uwodeben. magram aseTma adamianebma kargad ician, rom opioidebze damokidebuli piri, praqtikulad, mTeli cxovrebis manZilze daavadebulad rCeba, vinaidan igi gamudmebiT imyofeba narkotikebis miRebis ganaxlebis maRali riskis qveS. aseTi adamianebisTvis jansaRi mdgomareobis SenarCunebis piroba aris narkotikebis Tundac epizoduri moxmarebisgan samudamod uaris Tqma. ra aris opioidebze damokidebulebis CanacvlebiTi Terapia? CanacvlebiTi Terapia opioiduri narkomaniis mkurnalobis erT-erTi meTodia. igi pirvelad SemoRebul iqna aSS-Si 1960-ian wlebSi da amJamad msoflios mraval qveyanaSia danergili. mas warmatebiT iyeneben iseT qveynebSi, rogoricaa aSS, safrangeTi, germania, didi britaneTi, belgia, italia, espaneTi, holandia, poloneTi, CexeTi, litva, azerbaijani, irani, CineTi da sxv. amasTan, yovelwliurad izrdeba am programebSi CarTul pirTa ricxvi. CanacvlebiTi programebis farTod gavrcelebas gansakuTrebuli biZgi misca aiv/Sidsis epidemiam, vinaidan CanacvlebiTi Terapia narkotikebze damokidebul pirebSi ineqciuri gziT aiv/Sidsisa da hepatitebis gavrcelebis SezRudvis erTerTi ZiriTadi saSualebaa. CanacvlebiTi Terapia mkurnalobis gansxvavebuli meTodia. is guli-sxmobs SedarebiTxangrZlivi vadis manZilze pacientisaTvis Camanacv-lebeli narkotikuli saSualebis micemas, rac sasurvelia xorcie-ldebodes fsiqo-socialuri reabilitaciis RonisZiebebTan komple-qsSi. dResdReobiT, CanacvlebiTi Terapia opioidebze damokidebul pirTa mkurnalobis, dekriminalizaciis, socialuri integraciisa da `quCis narkotikebis” moxmarebiT gamowveuli zianis Semcirebis (maT Soris Sidsisa da hepatitebis virusebiT dainficirebis) yvelaze efeqturi da iafi saSualebaa. metadoni xangrZlivi moqmedebis sinTezuri narkotikuli saSualebaa. igi opioidebis `antagonistia”, rac imas niSnavs, rom is morfinisa da misi msgavsi sxva narkotikuli saSualebebis analogiurad moqmedebs. metadoni pirvelad damokidebul pirTa CanacvlebiTi mkurnalobisTvis gamoyenebul iqna XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi. rodesac metadoni Sesabamisi dozebiT gamoiyeneba CanacvlebiTi TerapiisTvis, ar iwvevs eiforiis da sedaciis gancdas, koordinaciisa Tu yuradRebis darRvevas. amave dros, adeqvaturi doza narkotikuli efeqtis warmoqmnis gareSe aRmofxvris narkotikebis moTxovnilebas da aRkveTis sindromis (e.w.”lomkis”) niSnebs. rogorc wesi, eqimis meTvalyureobis qveS metadoniT mkurnalobisas pacienti Tavs normalurad grZnobs, adeqvaturi da Sromisunariania.

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opioiduri damokidebulebis CanacvlebiTi Terapia rekomendebulia jandacvis msoflio organizaciis mier. vin SeiZleba CaerTos metadoniT CanacvlebiTi mkurnalobis programaSi? metadonuri programebi yvela pacientisTvis ar aris rekomendebuli. metadoni sakmaod Zlieri narkotikia da Tavad iwvevs damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas. amitom, aseTi mkurnaloba ar aris rekomendebuli SedarebiT axalbeda narkotikebze damokidebuli pirebisTvis. es meTodi ufro iseTi pacientebisTvis aris gankuTvnili, romlebmac ramdenjerme ukve scades unarkotiko meTodebiT mkurnaloba, magram sasurvel Sedegs ver miaRwies. amitom, metadoniT CanacvlebiTi mkurna-lobis programaSi pacientTa CarTvis kriteriumebi specialurad aris gansazRvruli jandacvis ministris `opioiduri damokidebulebis CanacvlebiTi mkurnalobis programebis ganxorcielebis meTodikiT”. kriteriumebi Semdegia: 1. opioidebze damokidebulebis sindromis (aqtiuri damokidebuleba)

diagnozisa da masTan erTad me-2 punqtSi aRniSnul kriteriumTagan aranakleb erT-erTis arseboba;]

2. a) aranakleb 25 wlis asakisa; opioiduri jgufis narkotikuli

nivTierebebis moxmarebis minimum 3 wlis, amasTan, intravenuri moxmarebis, sul mcire, 1 wlis staJis arseboba; opioiduri damokidebulebis sxva meTodebiT warumatebeli mkurnalobis, minimum, ori SemTxveva.

b) aiv/inficireba, SidsiT daavadeba; g) fexmZimoba; d) sxva gansakuTrebuli klinikur-socialuri maCveneblebis SemTxv-

evaSi, gamonaklisis saxiT, eqspertTa sabWos gadawyvetileba. reintegracia sazogadoebaSi da sazogadoebis damokidebuleba. farTo gagebiT mkurnalobis saboloo, sasurvel Sedegs sazogadoebaSi adamianis reintegracia warmoadgens. swored es aris qarTuli realobisTvis yvelaze `susti wertili”, imis gamo, rom am procesSi specialistebis garda, mniSvnelovan rols ojaxi, mTliani sazogadoeba da saxelmwifo unda asrulebdes. CvenSi ki samive es komponenti gardaqmnisa da Camoyalibebis procesSia da sabWoTa warsulisa, Tu fsevdo-erovnuli tradiciebisgan jer ar ganTavisuflebula. ojaxi narkomaniiT daavadebuls `sircxvilad” aRiqvavs, sazogadoeba _ `cud biWad da gogod)”, saxelmwifo _ adre kriminalad aRiqvamda, exla ki avadmyofad, da arc erTs ar awyobs maTi gamomJRavneba. aseTi damokidebulebis `damsaxurebacaa”, rom miCqmaluli daavadeba sul ufro metad iZens epidemiisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs. amitom, problemis daZlevisaTvis mimarTuli RonisZiebebi unda emsaxurebodes sazogadoebrivi tabus moxsnas, socialuri samsaxurebis Camoyalibebas, am sferos moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Zirfesvian, da ara kosmetikur cvlilebebs. mTavari rCevebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom narkomania qronikuli daavadebaa, saSveli arsebobs, da daavadebis rac ufro adreul etapze mimarTavT specialists, miT ukeTesi iqneba Sedegi. rCeva axalgazrda momxmarebels:

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1. Sewyveta yovelTvis SesaZlebelia, Tuki namdvilad gsurs da

mtkice arCevans gaakeTeb fxizeli cxovrebis sasargeblod. 2. Tu ver axerxeb Sewyvetas, unda mimarToT specialists _ eqim-

narkologs. igi gagiwevT saWiro konsultacias daavadebis, misi mkurnalobis meTodebis, SesaZlo garTulebebis da maTi Tavidan acilebis gzebis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg Tqven geqnebaT saSualeba, specialistTan erTad dagegmoT Semdgomi mkurnaloba, romelic maqsimalurad efeqturi da misaRebi iqneba TqvenTvis.

rCeva axloblebs: 1. iyaviT yuradRebiani da droze SeniSneT is cvlilebebi, romelic

SeiZleba narkotikma gamoiwvios momxmareblis fizikur da emociur mdgomareobaSi, qcevaSi Sin da gareT.

2. daexmareT momxmarebels problemis gacnobierebaSi da izruneT, rom maqsimalurad swrafad mimarTos specialists.

3. daexmareT momxmarebels problemis gadaWraSi, magram nu SeecdebiT problemis mis magier gadaWras.

momavlis miznebi mozardoba aris periodi, rodesac individma seriozulad unda gasces pasuxi maradiul SekiTxvas: „vin unda iyo, roca gaizrdebi?“ kiTxva „vin unda iyo?” TavisTavad asaxavs gavrcelebul daSvebas, rom individebis identobas, nawilobriv, maTi miznebi ganamtkicebs. momavali profesiis arCeva, magaliTad, identobis formirebis ZiriTad sakiTxebs moicavs: esaa individis SesaZleblobebisa da interesebis Sefaseba, realuri alternativebis moazrebisa da arCevanis gakeTebis da misi realurad ganxorcielebis unari. mozardebs sakuTari momavali piradi da sazogadoebrivi TvalsazrisiT afiqrebT. isini Relaven rogorc sakuTari saqmianobisa da ojaxis, ise _ ekonomikuri kolafsis, globaluri safrTxis an birTvul omis gamo (Nurmi, 1991). garda amisa, mozardebi mZafrad SeigrZnoben, Tu rogor unda ganviTardes maTi cxovreba asakis momatebasTan erTad: _ jer ganaTleba unda miiRon, Semdeg profesias unda daeuflon, bolos ki ojaxi unda Seqmnan. TiToeul dasaxelebul etapze miznebis formireba genderuli rolebis, ojaxuri garemosa da arsebuli resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT xdeba. cxadia, yvela mozardi erTsa da imaves ar elodeba momavlisgan. mkvlevrebma Seiswavles is socialuri da pirovnuli procesebi, romliTac SesaZlebelia ganisazRvros, Tu rogor isaxaven mozardebi miznebs. cxadia, Tu mozardebs ar aqvT miswrafeba samuSaosadmi, isini verc miiReben mas. ra unda gakeTdes Raribi ubnebidan gamosuli bavSvebis miswrafebebisa da molodinebis Sesacvlelad? am kvlevis Sedegebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom bavSvebis molodinebze gavlenas axdenda maTi molodini ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebiT anu molodini imisa, Tu ramdenad hqondaT saganmanaTleblo sarbielze winsvlis unari. Sesabamisad, Raribi ubnebidan gamosuli bavSvebis mier momavlis aRqmis Secvla, saboloo jamSi, saganmanaTleblo reformas saWiroebs, romelic SesaZleblobas miscems yvela moswavles, irwmunos swavlis mniSvneloba da Sedegianoba. mozardobis dasasruls arCeulma miznebma _ rogori ganaTleba miiRos da ra profesias daeuflos _ SeiZleba arsebiTi gavlena

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moaxdinos mozardis momavalze. Tumca, identobis yvela aspeqtis msgavsad, miznebis dasaxvis gaazreba ukeTesi iqneba cxovrebis mTliani ciklis konteqstSi. mozardobisas miRweuli warmatebebi safuZvels umzadebs mozrdili adamianis ganviTarebas. narkotikebze moTxovnilebis Semcireba narkomaniis problemis daZlevis yvelaze perspeqtiuli mimarTulebaa. narkotikze miCveva da damokidebuleba, pirvel rigSi, sazogadoebrivi jandacvis problemaa. Sesabamisad, narkotikebze moTxovnilebis Semcireba warmoadgens janmrTelobis zogadi politikis nawils. amave dros, igi ar unda iyos izolirebuli qveynis politikisagan ekonomikis, ganaTlebis, kulturis, sportisa da sxva sferoebSi, romelTa erToblivi realizeba mimarTulia sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze. termini "moTxovnilebis Semcireba" - gamoiyeneba politikasa da programebSi, romlebic miznad isaxavs gaeros konvenciebiT akrZaluli narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis momxmarebaze moTxovnis SezRudvas. narkotikebze moTxovnilebis Semcireba gamoiwvevs: 1. narkotikebis moxmarebis dawyebis Semcirebas; 2. narkotikebis avadmoxmarebis Semcirebas; 3. narkomaniiT daavadebul pirTa ricxvis Semcirebas; 4. narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli sikvdilianobis Semcirebas; 5. narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli garTulebebis Semcirebas; 6. narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gadawyvetaze finansuri

da socialuri danaxarjebis Semcirebas; 7. narkotikebis moxmarebiT sazogadoebisaTvis miyenebuli zianis

Semcirebas. am sferoSi evrokavSiris strategia miznad isaxavs narkotikebis mox-marebis, wamaldamokidebulebisa da narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamow-veuli janmrTelobisa da socialuri riskebis Semcirebas moTxovni-lebis Semcirebis efeqturi da srulyofili sistemis Seqmnis gziT, romelic moicavs prevenciul, adreuli intervenciis (Carevis), mkur-nalobis, zianis Semcirebis, reabilitaciisa da socialuri reinte-graciis RonisZiebebs. konstruqciuli winadadeba narkomaniasTan brZolaSi Ggarda, saxelmwifos mxridan da masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebiT mxardaWerisa kidev ufro unda gaizardos sazogadoebisa da mesame seqtoris roli (arasamTavrobo organizaciebi). am keTilSobiluri saqmis gansaxorcielebas sWirdeba aseve kargi socialuri muSakebi, romlebic daakmayofileben minimum Semdeg moTxovnebs: profesionalizmi, saqmis siyvaruli, problemis gaTaviseba, TanamSromloba ojaxTan, skolasa da sazogadoebriv organizaciebTan, bavSvebTan da mozardebTan urTierTobisas daicvas maTi interesebi. rogorc wesi, ganviTarebul qveynebSi socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemaSi socialuri muSaki aris pirveladi profesiuli jgufi, romlis daniSnulebaa socialuri daxmarebis gaweva, Tumca socialuri muSakebTan erTad sxva profesiss warmoadgenlebic monawileoben am sferoSi: narkologebi, fsiqologebi, fsiqiatrebi, mentaluri-fsiqiuri janmrTelobis konsultantebi (mental health

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counselors), skolis maswavleblebi, ojaxis Terapevtebi, eqTnebi (Nurses) da sanitaruli muSakebi. aseve, socialuri muSaki unda iyos klientis advokati axdendes klientisaTvis iseTi resursebis mopovebas, romelTac igi damoukideblad ver moipovebs. praqtikosi socialuri muSakis valdebulebaa, Seafasos sakuTari intervenciis efeqturoba da moaxdinos klientTa (momxmarebelTa) mdgomareobis progresis sistemuri monitoringi. socialuri muSaobis procesis yvela safexurze Sefaseba (evaluation) mudmivad unda xorcieldebodes, TviTon daxmarebis procesi 4 ZiriTadi fazisagan Sedgeba: 1. problemis Seswavla-(identifikacia), kvleva (assessment) da miznebis Camoyalibeba (dagegmva); 2. moqmedebis gegmis ganviTareba; 3. implementacia (ganxorcieleba); 4. dasruleba, Sedegis SenarCunebis strategiis dagegmva, Sefaseba.

lolita Sengelia saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa

da socialuri dacvis saministros warmomadgeneli iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis fsiqologiis magistranti

lolita Sengelia

narkomaniis zogadi problematikis mimoxilva mozardebisTvis

reziume

narkomania globaluri problemaa da yvela saxelmwifos zrunvis sa-gans warmoadgens. saqarTvelosTvis narkotikuli saSualebe-bis/fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis moxmarebis Sedegebi umZimesia. bolo periodSi Cvens sazogadoebaSi, gansakuTrebiT mozardebSi, narkomania swrafad vrceldeba. narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli safrTxe saqarTveloSi xasiaTdeba mudmivi zrdis tendenciiT. ukanaskneli 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi narkotikebis momxmarebelTa oficialurad registrirebuli raode-noba 9-jer gaizarda. saqarTveloSi narkomaniis sferoSi muSaoben specializebuli saxelm-wifo da kerZo samedicino dawesebulebebi, arasamTavrobo organizac-iebi; qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesias gaaCnia specialuri samsaxuri, romelic narkomaniis problemiTaa dakavebuli. 2005 wlidan TbilisSi, narkologiis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis bazaze amoqmedda metadoniT CanacvlebiTi Terapiis pirveli programa. problemis daZlevisaTvis mimarTuli RonisZiebebi unda emsaxurebodes sazogadoebrivi tabus moxsnas, socialuri samsaxurebis Camoyalibebas da am sferos moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Zirfesvian cvlilebebs.

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Лолита Шенгелия

Общий обзор проблем наркомании для подростков

Резюме

Наркомания - глобальная проблема и является предметом тревоги в каждой стране. Результат употребления наркотиков и психотропных веществ в Грузии весьма тяжелый. В последнее время эта отрава в нашем обществе, особенно у молодëжи распространяется очень быстро. Опасность, связанная с наркотиками характеризуется постоянным ростом. В течении последних 15 лет количество наркоманов увеличилась в девять раз. В Грузии в сфере наркомании работают специализированные государственные и частные медицинские учреждения. С 2005 года в Тбилиси задеиствована первая программа заменительной терапии метадоном на базе Научных Исследований Института по Наркомании. Мероприятия, направленные на ликвидацию проблемы должны осуществляться на основе избавления общества от табу, создания специальных служб и коренных изменении действующего законодательства в этом сфере.

Lolita Shengelia

Review of the problem of drug addiction for youth

The Summary

Drug industry is the global problem of the world and Government takes care of drug addicts everywhere. The results of Drug traffic is the most severe for Georgia. At present Drug addic-tion is fast diffusing problem especially among youth in Georgia. Drug habit problems are characterised by permanent increase. The number of officially registered users has been mul-tiplied to 9 - during the last 15 years. There are some special state and private Medical Institutions and many other NGOs working on addiction programs and the Georgian Orthodox Church has Drug Abuse treatment centre also in Georgia. At the Institute of Drug Research and Science there was started a Methadone alternative therapy program since 2005 in Tbilisi. Actions for resolving this problem should be aimed to release social stigma, to create social services and to change acting legislation in this field.

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Tea qavTaraZe, Tamar qurTauli

Nnarkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi Tanamedrove msoflios qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSic, narkoma-nia ganixileba, rogorc erT-erTi rTuli da saSiSi movlena. am saxis danaSaulobebi uSualod xelyofs umTavres sazogadoebriv Rirebu-lebas adamians, mis janmrTelobas, sulier wonasworobas da TviT si-cocxlesac ki. narkomania Tanamedroveobis aqtualuri, mtkivneuli da sakmaod rTu-lad dasaZlevi problemaa. Nnarkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotro-puli nivTierebebis da prekursorebis ukanono warmoebis, maTi moTxovnos zrdis tendencia seriozul safrTxes uqmnis mosaxleobis janmrTelobas da keTildReobas. uaryofiT gavlenas axdens sazoga-doebis ekonomikur, kulturul da politikur cxovrebaze. narkomaniasTan dakavSirebulia transnacionaluri danaSaulebrivi organizaciebi, romlebic xels uSlian sazogadoebis ganviTarebas.1 mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is, rom saqarTveloSi narkotikul saSuale-bebs ar awarmoeben da igi kontrabanduli gziT Semodis. saqarTveloSi damnaSaveobis mkveTri zrdis paralelurad, izrdeba narkotizmis sferoSi Cadenil danaSaulTa ricxvic. saqarTveloSi narkotikebis ukanono brunvam ukanasknel wlebSi arnaxuli masStabebi SeiZina, ramac SeiZleba iTqvas erovnuli katastrofis winaSe dagvaye-na. bolo 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi narkotikul danaSaulebebTan dakav-SirebiT dawyebulia sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna 16.500 met saqmeze uzenaesi sasamarTlos monacemebi: 2002 2003 2004 2005 260 m. 825 779 1171 1149 263 m. 8 17 6 31 sxva narkot.saS. 526 643 562 54 msjavrdebulTa raodenoba narkomaniis sferoSi: 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1233 1245 1300 1353 1165 2006 wlidan 2007 wlis 1-5 Tvemde Sss-s mierNnarkomaniis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg brZolis kuTxiT gamovlenilia 9500-mde faqti, maT Soris 215 msxvili realizatori. gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa narkomaniis gavrceleba mozrdilebsa da axalgazrdebs Sors. Anarkotikebis momxmarebelTa 2/3 sx-dan 30 wlam-de asakisaa. Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom es statistika miaxloe-biTac ar asaxavs realur suraTs, advili warmosadgenia ra katas-trofis winaSec vdgavarT. samwuxaroa, rom sazogadoeba arc ise did yuradRebas aqcevs narkotikebze eqsperimentebis Camtarebel axal-gazrdebs. ufrosebs ar scaliaT, isini cdiloben rogorme yofiTi problemebi moagvaron, maT dro enanebaT da siamaye uSliT xels dainteresdnen ubedurebaSi moxvedrili arasrulwlovnebiT. Tu Cven vapirebT gavagrZeloT es politika, Cvens STamomavlobaSi ufro meti narkomani iqneba, e.i. iqneba ufro meti ubeduroba, danaSauli, avadmyo-

1 daviT kaWkaWiSvili-narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi

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foba da sikvdili. Zlierni ama qveynisani iTxoven da imuqrebian, ma-gram am problemas muqara ki ara qmediTi nabijebi gadawyvets. unda vebrZoloT narkomanias da ara marto Sedegs, aramed mis safuZvelsa da mizezs. narkotizmi misi iseTi gamovlinebiT, rogoricaa narkomania da narko-tikuli biznesi, ukanasknel periodSi globaluri masStabis socia-lur ubedurebad iqca. narkobiznesis sferoSi Cadenil danaSaulTa mizezebia: didi odenobiT bunebrivi narkonedleulis momxmarebelTa arseboba, sxva danaSaulisaTvis msjavrdebulTa da narkomanTa kolo-niaSi erTad moTavseba, rac iwvevs narkotizmis gavrcelebas.2Nnarko-biznesi, rogorc organizebuli danaSaulis yvelaze saSiSi forma, arc saqarTvelos dRevandelobisTvisaa ucxo. Tu mxedvelobaSi mivi-RebT saqarTvelos geografiul mdebareobas da socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobas. narkomaniasa da narkobiznesTan brZola aucileblad moiTxovs mis mimarT sistematur da kompleqsur midgomas, romelic unda efuZvnebodes daxvewil kanonmdeblobasa da samarTaldamcavi organoebis maRal profesionalizms, socialuri xasiaTis sxva auci-lebel RonisZiebaTa paralelurad maT urTierTSeTanxmebiT. narkoti-kulma danaSaulma ukve saerTaSoriso masStabebi miiRo da mis wi-naaRmdeg brZola gascda erTi qveynis farglebs. amis dasturia araerTi saerTaSoriso konvencia narkotikuli saSual ebisa da fsi-qotropuli nivTierebebis Sesaxeb. es konvenciebia: gaeros 1961 wlis konvencia “narkotikuli saSualebis Sesaxeb”, geros 1971 wlis konven-cia “fsiqotropuli nivTierebis Sesaxeb”,gaeros 1988 wlis konvencia “narkotikuli saSualebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb”. aRniSnul konvenciebze dayrd-nobiT saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni “narkotikuli saSuale-bis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis, prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb”. aseve moqmedebs rigi normatiuli aqtebisa, rom-lebic miRebulia saqarTvelos Sromis, socialuri da janmrTelobis dacvis da Ss saministros mier da gamoiyeneba sasamarTlo praqtika-Sic: a) narkotikuli saSualebebis kriteriumebi da CamonaTvali, ukano-

no brunvisas aRmoCenili saSualebebis mcire, didi da gansaku-TrebiT didi odenobebi.

b) ukanono mflobelobaSi an brunvaSi aRmoCenil mcire, didi da gansakuTrebiT didi odenobebis ganmsazRvreli narkotikuli saSualebebis cxrili.

g) specialur kontrols daqvemdebarebuli narkotikuli saSuale-bebis krebsiTi CamonaTvali.3

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT, pasuxismgebloba narko-tikuli danaSaulisaTvis dawesebulia calke TaviT. es Tavi ssk-is me-9 kari-danaSauli sazogadoebrivi uSiSroebisa da wesrigis winaaRmdeg Semadgeneli nawilia. adamianebi pirvelad narkotikebs iReben elementaruli cnobismoyva-reobisaTvis, cdiloben ra Seicvalon xasiaTi, arsebul realobasTan

2 inga lomsaZe-narkobiznesis sferoSi Cadenil danaSaulTa gaxsnisa Dda gamoZiebis meTodebis problemebi 3 zaza berozaSvili-saqarTveloSi narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropili nivTierebebis da maTi prekursorebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg brZolis zogierTi samarTlebrivi problema

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damokidebuleba an sakuTari emociuri mdgomareoba. narkotiki elvise-burad moqmedi saSualebaa myudroebis, aforiaqebulobis, daZabulobis da tkivilisagan gasaTavisufleblad. TandaTanobiT izrdeba tole-rantoba am nivTierebisadmi, ufro mogvianebiT ki viTardeba abstinen-cia, anu narkotikuli SimSili. narkomania, es aris qronikuli, Sebru-nebadi daavadeba, romelsac axasiaTebs, rogorc pirovnuli, aseve so-cialuri Taviseburebebi. kvlevebis Sedegad dadginda, rom narkoti-kuli saSualebis potenciuri momxmareblebi arian unebisyofo, saso-warkveTili adamianebi, an saiamovnebis maZiebeli egoistebi. saqarTvelos ssk-iT gaTvaliswinebuli narkotikuli danaSaulis sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqtia mosaxleobis zneobrivi da fizikuri janmrTeloba, aseve is sazogadoebrivi urTierToba, rome-lic uzrunvelyofs specialur kontrols daqvemdebarebuli nivTiere-bebis brunvis kanonoT dadgenili wesis dacvas.4 am danaSaulTa um-ravlesobas aqvs Tavisi sagani, magaliTad: narkotikuli saSualeba, misi analogi, an prekursori (ssk-260-e, 262-e, 264-e, 273-e muxlebi), aseve fsiqotropuli nivTiereba, misi analogi, an Zliermoqmedi nivTiereba (ssk–261-e, 263-e, 264-e muxlebi) da yalbi recepti (ssk–267-e, 268-e mux-lebi). obieqturi mxriv gansaxilvel danaSaulTa umravlesoba aqtiu-robiTaa Cadenili (ssk–260-e, 261-e, 262-e, 263-e, 264-e, 265-e, 266-e, 267-e, 268-e, 271-e, 272-e, 273-e muxlebi). zogi maTganis Cadena SeiZleba rogorc moqmedebiT, ise umoqmedobiT (ssk–269-e da 274-e muxlebi). obieqturi mxriv am danaSaulTa umravlesoba formaluri Semadgenlobisaa (ssk–262-e, 263-e, 265-e, 266-e, 267-e, 268-e, 271-e, 274-e muxlebi), xolo zog SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia kanonSi miTiTebuli Sedegis dadgoma (ssk–264-e, 269-e muxlis 1 da me-2 naw. 270-e muxlis 1 da me-2 naw. 272-e mux-li). obieqturi mxaris fakultatur niSnebs makvalificirebeli mniSv-neloba aqvs iSviaT SemTxvevaSi (ssk–262-e, 264-e, muxlis me-2 naw. “v” da me-3 naw. “g” punqti).N narkotikul danaSaulTa subieqti umravles SemTxvevaSi aris nebis-mieri Seracxadi 14 wels miRweuli piri. xolo 2008 wlis 1 ivnisidan 12 wels miRweuli piri. gvxvdebian specialuri subieqtebic (ssk–260-e muxlis me-2 naw. “g” punqti, 261-e mux me-2 naw. “g” punqti, 269-e, 270-e muxlebi). ssk-is 274-e muxliT gaTvaliswnebuli danaSaulis subieqtia is narkomani, romelsac sasamarTlos mier dakisrebuli aqvs iZulebi-Ti mkurnaloba. subieqturi mxriv narkotikul danaSaulTa umravle-soba ganzraxia. iSviaT SemTvevaSi narkotikul danaSaulTa Cadena SeiZleba gaufrTxileblobiTac (ssk–269-e, 270-e muxlebi). ssk-is 260-e muxlis 1 nawiliT “narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analo-gis an prekursoris ukanono damzadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gada-zidva an gadagzavna”, risTisac gaTvaliswinebulia Tavisuflebis aRk-veTa vadiT 10 wlamde. usamarTlo ganaCenTan da ukanono msjavrdebas-Tan gveqneba saqme, Tu kanonmdebelma ar daakonkreta da zustad ar gansazRvra es norma, romliTac unda dakvalificirdes narkotikuli saSualebis moxmarebis mizniT SemZeni, damamzadebeli da a.S.5 an misi momxmareblis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba, rac momavalSi Tavidan agvaci-lebs gaugebrobebs, sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo organoebi iZulebul-ni aRar gaxdebian piris danaSaulebrivi qmedeba “rogorme moargon” muxlis dispozicias. roca kanonmdebeli uSvebs administraciul sax-

4 Nnona Todua-sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili - narkotikuli danaSauli 5 Nnaira gogitaSvili-narkodanaSaulis Sesaxeb sisxlis samarTlis ka-nonmdeblobis srulyofisaTvis. Jurnali “samarTali” 1999 w.

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dels narkotikuli saSualebis mcire odenobiT ukanonod Senaxvis an moxmarebisaTvis, maSin Sesabamisi narkotikuli saSualebis sisxlis samarTlis wesiT dasjadi odenoba erTjerad minimalur dozas mainc unda aRematebodes. dRes samarTaldamcavebi TviTon wyveten am sa-kiTxs. kvlevebiT irkveva, rom daaxloebiT (cdomileba SesaZlebelia) Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ganisazRvreba: suboteqsi marixuana heroini 0,0012-0,012gr 5-50gr ______ 6 Tvidan 10_wm-mde 0,012-0,12gr 50-500gr 0,6-1gr 6-dan 12_wm-mde 0,12gr-ze meti 500gr-ze meti 1gr-ze meti 8-dan 20_wm-mde an uvadod rac arasworad mimaCnia, radgan rig qveynebSi suboteqsi, rogorc nar-kotikuli nivTiereba arcki ganixileba. amasTanave am sakiTxis regu-lireba unda xdebodes kanonoT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi pasuxismge-blobis sakiTxi dadgeba saqarTvelos ssk-is 260-e muxlis Tanaxmad Sesabamis narkotkul saSualebebze, rac ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos ssk-is 273-e da saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa ko-deqsis 45-e muxlebis arss. paradoqsi iyo 2006 wlis 1 noembram-de_piradi moxmarebisaTvis narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekursoris mcire odenobiT ukanono damzadeba, SeZena, Senaxva anda eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe ukanonod moxmareba, risTvisac gaTvalis-winebulia sasjeli saqarTvelos ssk-is 273-e muxliT, aseTi qmedebi-saTvis administraciuli saxdelis dadebis Semdeg, xolo administra-ciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi arafers iTvaliswinebda aseTi qmedebisaTvis. kanonmdebeli sakmaod gvian mixvda am anomalias. sa-qarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRevaTa kodeqsis 45-e muxli: narkotikuli saSualebis mcire odenobiT ukanonod SeZena an Senaxva, gasaRebis miznis gareSe anda narkotikuli saSualebis moxmareba eqi-mis daniSnulebis gareSe. administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeq-si administraciul saxdels ar iTvaliswinebs piradi moxmarebisaTvis narkotikuli saSualebis, misi an prekursoris mcire odenobiT ukano-no damzadebisaTvis. rac Riad rCeba, radgan saqarTvelos ssk-is 273 m-iT aRniSnuli qmedeba isjeba administraciuli saxdelis dadebis Sem-deg. vfiqrob aRniSnul qmedebas asaxva unda epova administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 45-e muxlSi. narkomaniis mudmivma yoveldRiurma problemam Seqmna narkobiznesis warmoSoba da misi swrafi globaluri ganviTareba. igi iqca sarfiani Semosavlis kriminalur wyarod. samwuxarod, aseT movlenas saqarTve-loSic Seeqmna saukeTeso myari niadagi. saqarTvelos geopolitikuri mdebareoba, sasazRvro zolis daucveloba, sabaJo kontrolis susti meqanizmi, narkotikebis ukanono brunvis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos satranzito qveynad gadaqcevis realur saSiSroebas uqmnis. araefeqturi kontrolis sistema qarTul da ucxoel mafiozur for-mirebebs saSualebas aZlevs moaxdinon msxvili kapitalis legaliza-cia, investirebis da komerciuli struqturebis meSveobiT. agreTve maT saSualeba eZlevaT narkobiznesidan miRebuli Semosavlebi mimar-Ton saxelmwifo aparatis korumpirebisaken.6

6 Kkriminologia da samarTlebrivi sistema-avtorTa koleqtivi.

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narkomania pirvel rigSi socialuri movlenaa da amitom mis winaaRm-deg brZolisas upirveles yovlisa aucilebelia mivmarToT socia-lur-ekonomikur meTodebs. amasTanave arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs wmin-da iuridiuli xasiaTis mqone zomebs, vinaidan isini warmoqmnian Sesa-bamis samarTlebriv bazas sxva zomebis misaRebad. narkotizmis, rogorc socialuri movlenis gamomwveviMmizezebi mra-valmxrivia, am problemis Seswavlas SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos 4 ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: biofiziologiuri, individualur-fsiqologiuri, mikro socialuri da makro socialuri. saWiroa sa-marTlis moTxovnaTa gardaqmna adamianis Sinagan mrwamsad da zneo-brivi aRzrdis formebis Camoyalibeba. aRsaniSnavia, narkotikebis uka-nono brunvasTan dakavSirebuli damnaSaveobis maRali latenturoba. narkomaniis, rogorc negatiuri, socialuri da politikuri movlenis arseboba, mis winaaRmdeg brZolis kompleqsur midgomas iTxovs, man narkomaniis prevenciul-samarTlebrivi, samecniero-kvleviTi, saswav-lo-saganmanaTleblo, profilaqtikuri, reabilitaciuri da sxva me-Todebi unda moicvas. profilaqtikis efeqtiani programebis cxovreba-Si gatareba gacilebiT iafi jdeba, vidre cixeebis mSenebloba da narkomaniisagan gamowveuli samedicino xarjebi. specialuri profi-laqtikuri programebi unda Seesabamebodes sazogadoebis kulturas da regionis Taviseburebebs. aseTi programebi unda iTvaliswinebdes fsiqologiur da mozardTa, moswavleTa Tu studentTa asakobriv xedvas. saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTad mimarTulebas unda warmoad-gendes: a) narkotikuli saSualebebis kanonieri brunvis regulirebis we-

sis srulyofa; b) maT ukanono brunvasTan brZola; g) narkotikul saSualebaTa ukanono moxmarebis Tavidan acileba; d) narkomaniiT daavadebulTa mkurnaloba da socialuri reabili-

tacia (resocializacia). N narkotikebis mimarT politikas yofen sam mimarTulebad: liberaluri, represiuli da restriqtiuli. _ liberaluri politika_romelic gatarebulia holandiasa da dania-Si nebas rTavs narkotikebiT vaWrobasa da moxmarebaze. _ represiuli politika_xasiaTdeba narkotikebis momxmarebeli indi-vidumebis samarTlebrivi devniT. aseTi politika tardeba pakistanSi, singapursa da sxva qveynebSi. aseT qveynebSi narkotikebis gamoyenebis done Zalian dabalia, riTac represiuli politikis uvargisoba ar dasturdeba. _ restriqtiuli (Semakavebeli) politika_rodesac saxelmwifo narko-tikebis gamoyenebisaTvis ki ar sjis, aramed cdilobs daxmareba aR-mouCinos narkomaniiT daavadebulT. amave dros narkotikebis ukanono brunvas krZalavs da mkacrad akontrolebs. es modeli kargad aris ganviTarebuli aSS-Si da SvedeTSi.7 romlis danergvac sasurvelia moxdes saqarTveloSic. narkotikebis gavrcelebasTan brZolaSi warmatebis aucilebeli piro-baa saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis gafarToeba. interpolis saqarT-velos erovnuli biuros moRvaweobis farglebSi. unda daCqardes nar-

7 qeTevan baramiZe, zaza berozaSvili-narkotikebi, narkomanebi da saxelmwi-fo. Jurnali “samarTali” 2003 weli.

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kotikebis ukanono brunvis winaaRRmdeg brZolis uwyebaTSorisi sa-kordinacio centris Camoyalibeba. narkomania rTuli mravalaspeqtiani fenomenia. misi Seswavla moiTxovs: kriminologiuri aseve socialuri, samedicino fsiqologiu-ri, eTikuri, samarTlebrivi da aqsiologiur aspeqtebis ganxilvas.. narkotikuli saSualebebis ukanono brunvis wimaaRmdeg brZola glo-baluri xasiaTis problemaa, amitom Tanamedrove msoflioSi aRniSnu-li sakiTxis gadawyvetis efeqtur saSualebad saerTaSoriso TanamS-romlobaa miCneuli. narkobiznesis sferoSi Cadenil danaSaulTa xelSemwyobi mizezebisa da pirobebis gamosavleni RonisZiebebi, SeiZleba daiyos: organiza-ciul-mmarTvelobiTi, samedicino, aRmzrdelobiTi da samarTlebriv RonisZiebebad.8 samarTaldamcavi organoebis amocanaa: aRmzrdelobiTi da iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis dabalansebuli gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi narkotikebze kontrolis saxelmwifo politikis Sesabamisad. gansakuTrebuli roli narkomaniasTan brZolis sferoSi sazogadoebas akisria, amitom mxolod saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis gaerTianebu-li ZalisxmeviT SeiZleba dadebiTi Sedegebis miRweva.

Tea qavTaraZe, Tamar qurTauli grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis

iuridiuli fakultetis studentebi

gamoyenebuli literatura: 1. kriminologia da samarTaldamcavi sistema aSS. da saqarTvelo. av-

torTa koleqtivi. 2. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili_wigni 1. avtorTa koleqtivi. 3. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili_petre dauTaSvili. 4. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi 2007 weli. 5. saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTaKkodeqsi 2007 weli. 6. saqarTvelos kanoni “narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli niv-

Tierebebis, prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb.” 7. daviT kaWkaWiSvili_”narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarTlebrivi

safuZvlebi”. 2001 weli. 8. inga lomsaZe_”narkobiznesis sferoSi Cadenil danaSaulTa gaxsnisa

da gamoZiebis meTodikis problemebi.” 9. qeTevan baramiZe, zaza berozaSvili_narkotikebi, narkomanebi da

saxelmwifo. Jurnali `samarTali~-2003 weli. 10. zaza berozaSvili_narkomania da danaSauli. Jurnali “samarTali”

2002 weli 11. naira gigitaSvili_narkodanaSaulis Sesaxeb sisxlis samarTlis ka-

nonmdeblobis srulyofisaTvis. Jurnali “samarTali”1999 weli. 12. zaza berozaSvili_saqarTveloSi narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqo-

tropuli nivTierebebis da maTi prekursorebis ukanono brunvis wi-naaRmdeg brZolis zogierTi samarTlebrivi problema. Jurnali “sa-marTali”2002 weli.

8 inga lomsaZe-narkobiznesis sferoSi Cadenil danaSaulTa gaxsnisa da ga-moZiebis meTodikis problemebi

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Tea qavTaraZe, Tamar qurTauli

narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi

r e z i u m e am statiis gansaxilveli sagania: narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis sa-marTlebrivi aspeqtebi. yuradReba gamaxvilebulia im problemebze, romlebic arsebobs am kuTxiT: saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareoba, socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. moqmedi kanonmdeblobis aras-rulyofileba, sasazRvro zolis daucveloba, sabaJo kontrolis susti meqanizmi. narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis safuZveli unda iyos srulyofili samarTlebrivi baza. kanonebi, romlebic daaregulireben narkotikeb-Tan dakavSirebul brunvis maqsimalurad yvela sakiTxs, romelic ar-sebobs da SeiZleba warmoiqmnas. amasTanave, pasuxobdes saqarTvelos mier saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT nakisr valdebulebebs da reko-mendaciebs. am problemis aRmosafxvrelad, sasurvelia da aucilebelic sazoga-doebis aqtiuri monawileoba, mxolod saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis gaerTianebuli ZalisxmeviT SeiZleba dadebiTi Sedegebis miRweva.

Тея Кавтарадз.е, Тамар Куртаули

Правовые аспекты борьбы с наркоманией

Резюме Данная статья рассматривает правовые аспекты борьбы с наркоманией. Внимание уделяется существующим проблемам: географическому расположению Грузии, социально-экономическому состоянию, действующему законодательству, незашишённостю пограничной полосы. Фундаментом борьбы с наркоманией должена быть совершенная правовая база. Законы, которые будут регулировать максимально все вопросы связанные с наркотиками. Для искоренения этой проблемы, желательно и обязательно активное участие общественности. Только при совместными усилиями можно достичь положительных результатов.

Tea Kavtaradze, Tamar Kurtauli

Legal aspects of struggle against drug addiction

The Summary Given clause considers legal aspects of struggle against a narcotism. Attention is given to those problems which exist on this question: a geographical arrangement of Georgia, a social and economic condition, imperfection of the current legislation, inobservance of border land. The foundation of struggle against a narcotism should be the perfect legal base. Laws which will settle as much questions connected with drugs as possible. For eradication of this problem, it is also desirable and necessary an active participation of the public. Only at joint efforts it is possible to get positive results.

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mari CxaiZe, nana jayeli, ana korinTeli

narkomania, danaSaulis zRvarze myofi avadmyofoba dResdReobiT SeiZleba Cveni Temis dasawyisi sakmaod uxeSi da miuRe-beli iyos magram imisaTvis rom sworad gavigoT Tu ramdenad pro-blematikuri sakiTxi dgas Cvens winaSe swored rom dasawyisad es un-da CavTvaloT..gTxovT rom mogvisminoT.. es aris swored rom im adamianebis sityvebi romlebic yvelaze pir-velni aRmoCndnen am problemis winaSe da romelnic Cvengan swored rom Cvengan moelian daxmarebas: 1. wamali pirvelad rom gavikeTe maRebina, magram maSinve yvelanairi

kompleqsi momexsna, samyarom Cems garSemo daiwyo brunva da kargad gavxdi. meored SiSis dasaZlevad gavikeTe, mizezi mesamed da meoTxedac gamoCnda. roca Cemsa da danarCen samyaros Soris arse-buli fanjris zoma, wamliT savse nemsis diametrs daemTxva, mivxv-di, rom narkomani gavxvdi. ar SemSinebia, imitom rom garSemo uam-ravi aseTive adamiani myavda; maT megobrebs veZaxdi da wamals vu-yofdi. roca yvelaferi, maT Soris ojaxic da megobrebic wamalma gadawona da saxlSic aRaraferi darCa gasayidi, yoveli miligra-misTvis daviwyeT saqmis garCeva. iyo periodi, roca "virTxebiviT" marto vikeTebdiT. mere romantizmis maZiebeli fuliani tipi "Seva-biT" da karga xans "vwvelidiT"...

2. "wamlis gasinjvis" yvelasaTvis saerTo mizezi ar arsebobs, bevri

amas mxolod axalgazrduli situtucis da interesis gamo akeTebs; sxvebi, ufro iseTevi, erTi-ori wigni rom aqvT wakiTxuli da erTi-ori fiasko gamovlili, narkotikiT sakuTari Tavis da cxovrebis axali siRrmis gaxsnas cdiloben da moswonT imis SegrZneba, rom sicocxle fexze kidiaT. me romel kategorias vekuTvni ar vici, magram yovelTvis, roca "lomka" mewyeba mwared vagineb imas dedas, vinc pirvelad nemsi gamikeTa."

sazogadoebis istorias axsovs uamravi omi, romelTa sababi odiTganve iyo oqro, XX saukuneSi Semovida termini `Savi oqro~ (navTobi), ro-melsac ukavSirdeba mravali sisxlismRvreli omi; ukanasknel aTw-leulebSi ki dRis wesrigSi dadga `mwvane oqro~ -narkotikebi, rac xSirad ara marto sababi, aramed omis warmoebis saukeTeso saSuale-bac xdeba (`sadac narkotikia, iq omicaa~, an `narkotiki - omebis ener-gia~). CineTis, birmis, libanis, avRaneTis, nikaraguis, perus, kolum-biis, balkaneTis, kavkasiis magaliTebi cxadyofs, rom narkotiki ara marto brZolis mastimulirebeli saSualebaa, aramed moxetiale ar-miebis dafinansebisa da iaraRis urTierTgacvlis mZlavri instrumen-ti. Tumca sazogadoebisaTvis narkotikebis uaRresad saSiSi xasiaTi mxo-lod `omebis energiaSi~ rodia - sazogadoebis jansaRi nawilis SiSi misadmi gamowveulia imiT, rom igi safrTxes uqmnis axalgazrdobis janmrTelobasa da sicocxles, amasTan, zneobrivad da sulierad xrwnis adamians, romelic Tavisi moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad yovelgvar amoralur qcevaze midis.

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da mainc ra aris narkotiki da ra saxis narkotikuli nivTierebebi arsebobs? marixuana - egreT wodebuli plani. ernesta abelias wignSi «marixuana: pirveli orasi weli»(1980) aRniSnulia, rom kanabisis gamoyeneba jer kidev qvis xanaSi, daaxloebiT 10000 wlis win daiwyo. igi farmakolo-giur miznebisaTvis CineTis imperatoris Sen nungos mier Cven welTa-Rricxvamde III saukunis dasawyisSi iqna gamoyenebuli. marixuanas aSroben, aqucmaceben da sigaretis saxiT ewevian. planis moweva Semdeg efeqtebs iwvevs: gugebis gafarToeba da siwiTle; Tavbrus xveva gulis reva eiforia droisa da manZilis SegrZnebis dakargva da sxva. zedmeti dozis miRebis SemTxvevaSi iwvevs daRlilobas, fsiqiur aS-lilobas. eqstazi – heroinis msgavsad sakmaod saSiSi narkotikuli saSualebaa. dResdReobiT igi yvelaze popularulia axalgazrdebSi. eqstazi pir-velad Seqmnili iqna 1912 wels farmakologiuri kompaniis «merk»-is mier. garkveuli drois gasvlis Semdeg es narkotiki wveulebebis ga-nuyofeli nawili gaxda. statistikis mixedviT dResdReobiT igi erTxel mainc aqvs gasinjuli 10 mln-ze met adamians, romelTagan umetesoba bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi arian. bevri maTgani eqstazis sistematuri momxmarebeli gaxda. iyo SemTxvevebi, roca axalgazrdebi iRupebodnen eqstazis erTi dozis miRebis Semdeg. eqstazis miRebis Sedegebia: 1. mgrZnobelobis daqveiTeba, 2. depresia, 3. fsiqiuri aSliloba, 4. uZiloba, 5. sakuTar Tavze kontrolis dakargva. kokaini - erT erTi yvelaze veragi narkotiki. Arsebobs, rogorc fxvnilis ise kristaluri saxiT. kokains sasunTqi an saylapavi gzebis meSveobiT moixmaren. zogjer ki ylapaven. narkomani dedis Svilebi narkotikul nivTierebebze damokidebulebiT da Tandayolili defeq-tebiT ibadebian. es narkotiki iseve rogorc yvela sxva iwvevs Zlier damokidebulebas, romlisganac SeuZlebelia Tavis daRweva. kokaini iwvevs eiforiis, romelsac advilad eCvevian, magram am efeqtis gameo-reba mxolod dozis gazrdiTaa SesaZlebeli. sikvdili haeris ukmari-sobiT, insultiT, infaqtiT, tvinSi sisxlis CaqceviT - swored es aris kokainis bednierebis bolo. miuxedavad amisa kokaini kidev ufro po-pularuli da xelmisawvdomi xdeba. jojoxeTisaken gza xsnilia. kokainis miRebis Semdgomi efeqtebi: eiforia, aRelveba, pulsis aCqareba, madis dakargva.

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heroini - miiReba yayaCos Rerosagan. umetes SemTxvevaSi mas ineqciiT moixmaren, rac garda Zlieri damokidebulebisa, SidsiT daavadebis safrTxes warmoSobs. pirvelad heroini damzadebuli iqna 1898 wels germaniaSi farmakologiuri kompaniis «baieris» mier da bazarze tu-berkuliozisa da morfis damokidebulebisagan samkurnalo wamlis saxiT moxvda. gaeros statistikis mixedviT msoflioSi heroins ikeTebs 10 mln ada-miani, romelTagan am wels mokvdeba sami aTasi adamiani. heroinis 85 % mzaddeba avRaneTSi da Semosavlis raodenoba aris daaxloebiT 600 mln aSS-s dolari. umetes SemTxvevaSi adamiani ar anebebs Tavs heroins imitom, rom «lomkis» SiSi aqvs. heroinis gamoyenebis Tanmdevi efeqtebi: venebis daSla, tuberkuliozi, sisxlZarRvebis daavadeba, organizmis daSla da lpoba, koma. dozis gadaWarbebis SemTxvevaSi adamiani iRupeba. CamoTvlil narkotikul nivTierebaTa garda arsebobs kidev mravali saxis sxva nivTierebebi, romlebic Zalzed saSiSia adamianisTvis. am nivTierebaTa ricxvi dRiTidRe imatebs da ufro xelmisawvdomi xdeba. exla ki mimovixiloT Tu ras iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos kanonmde-bloba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. narkotikul danaSauls exeba sssk-is 33 Tavi 260-274 muxlebi. isini moicavs iseT sakiTxebs rogoric aris: narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis da prekusoris ukanono dam-zadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, Semotana, gasaReba, narko-tikuli saSualebis Semcveli mcenaris ukanono daTesva, moyvana an kultivireba. narkotikuli saSualebebis, analogiis an prekusoris, agreTve fsiqo-tropuli nivTierebebisa da analogis damzadebis mizniT faruli la-boratoriis mowyoba an Senaxva. fsiqotropuli saSualebebis Semotanis wesis darRveva. eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe am nivTierebaTa gamoyeneba. iZulebiTi mkurnalobisaTvis Tavis arideba da sxva. am danaSaulisaTvis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs Semdegi saxis sasjelebs: jarima gamasworebeli samuSaoebi saqmianobis uflebis CamoRTmeva (iuridiuli piri) Tavisuflebis aRkveTa maqsimaluri sasjeli aris uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, romelsac iTvaliswinebs 260 muxli narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis da prekusoris ukanono damzadebis, warmoebis, SeZenis, Senaxvis, gadazid-vis, Semotanis, gasaRebisaTvis, ismis kiTxva: narkomania danaSaulia Tu avadmyofoba???

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am kiTxvaze yvelas sxvadasxva pasuxi gaaCnia. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi aris kanoni «narkotikuli saSualebe-bis, prekusorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb». kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulia, rogorc nebayoflobiTi (rac niSnavs pirovnebis mkurnalobas Sesabamisi licenziis mqone samedicino dawesebulebaSi), agreTve savaldebulo mkurnalobas (rac niSnavs sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi mkurnalobis Catarebas). agreTve aris sxvadasxva programebi narkomanebisaTvis daxmarebisa da mkurnalobis mizniT Seqmnili. magram sazogadoebaSi aris protestis grZnoba da es gamowveulia imiT, rom praqtikulad es nebayoflobiTi Tu savaldebulo mkurna-loba ar tardeba radganac ar aris saWiro saSualebebi da Tu ki dResdReobiT Sesuli SeiZleba iyos 100mde gancxadeba dakmayofile-buli iqneba 10 xolo danarCeni iqnebian egreTwodebul rigSi rac narkomaniis gamwvavebasa da narkomanis imedis dakargvas gamoiwvevs. Ees gamowveulia imiT rom ar aris sakmarisi dawesebulebebi, adgile-bi, statistikis mixedviT dRes saqarTveloSi 24000-mde narkomani aris rac moiTxovs saxelmwifos gansakuTrebul yuradRebas radganac ume-tesi maTgani axalgazrdebi arian. xolo rac Seexeba zemoT aRniSnul sakiTxs narkomani avadmyofia Tu damnaSeve unda avRniSnoT rom narkomani aris avadmyofi.magram amasTan aris potenciuri damnaSave. Ees SeiZleba imiT dasabuTdes rom narko-mania aris damokidebulebiTi seni da swored amitom narkomani nebis-mieri gziT cdilobs moipovos narkotikebi da dozis miRebis Semdgom veRar akontrolebs Tavis qcevas da ar SeuZlia gansazRvros Tu ras Cadis is. Aam daskvnis saSualebasac gvaZlevs Cvens mier Catarebuli sociologiuri gamokiTxvis Sedegi romelSic gamokiTxulTa umravle-sobam aRniSna narkomani rogorc avadmyofi – magram potenciuri dam-naSave. ra zomebi unda miviRoT rom Tavidan avicilod aseTi mwvave Sedegebi. kanonis gamkacreba garkveulwilad, ra Tqma unda, dadebiT Sedegs mogvcems magram aucilebelia sazogadoebaSi Seicvalos fsiqologia da xedva narkotikuli saSualebebisadmi. sazogadoeba unda davides im donemde, rom moaxdinos narkotikebisadmi interesis daZleva. Cveni azriT ufro Sedegis momcemi iqneboda is, rom ar momxdariyo am problemis sazogadoebamde daSveba anu prevenciuli meTodebis gamoye-nebiT adreul etapze SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo misi mogvareba. mTava-ria sworad mivudgeT arsebul problematur sakiTxs da sworad Se-varCioT misi aRmofxvris gzebi. mTavaria ara male miRebuli Sedegi, aramed problemis gadaWris swori gzebis dasaxviT miviRoT sasurve-li Sedegi. narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis erT-erT saSualebad SeiZleba miviC-nioT eklesiis rolis zrda sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. iqidan gamom-dinare, rom pirovnebaTa aqtiuri CarTva eklesiur cxovrabaSi dade-biTad imoqmedebs adamianis damokidebulebis Secvlaze narkotikebi-sadmi. am sakiTxs Tu ganvixilavT drosTan mimarTebaSi davinaxavT, rom narkotikuli saSualebebisadmi swrafvaze did gavlenas axdens

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globalizaciis etapi. ismis kiTxva ratom ar xdeboda narkotikuli saSualebebis gamoyeneba xSirad adre da ratom xdeba dRes? Tu davakvirdebiT istoriulad saqarTvelos ganviTarebas 80-ian wlebSi am periodis monacemebiT Zalian mcire iyo narkomaniasTan da-kavSirebuli faqtebi, miTumetes, rom eklesiis roli gacilebiT Se-sustebuli iyo, mainc rasTan gvaqvs saqme? es imis garkvevis saSualebas gvaZlevs, rom saqarTveloSi mosazRvre saxelmwifoebidan narkotokebis Semosvla sabWoTa periodSi faqtiu-rad ar xdeboda, xolo rac Seexeba tranzitul qveynebs 80-ian wlebSi ar iyo sazRvrebi gaxsnili ise rogorc aris dRes. aqedan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom saqarTveloSi dRes arsebuli narkotikuli saSuale-bebis umetesi nawili Semodis ara mosazRvre qveynebidan, aramed tranzituli gziT.


grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis studentebi


narkomania, danaSaulis zRvarze myofi avadmyofoba

reziume Cveni Tema Seexeba mTeli msoflios da maT Soris saqarTvelos did problemas – narkomanias. Cven SevecadeT gagvego misi arsi da gangve-sazRvra is mizezebi Tu ris gamo moixmaren adamianebi, umeteswilad axalgazrdebi narkotikebs. es mizezebia: narkotikebisadmi interesi, mZime socialuri mdgomareoba, mcdeloba daiviwyon yoveldRiuri pro-blemebi. isini Tvlian, arafxizel mdgomareobaSi yofniT gadawyveten yvela problema, radgan rodesac isini narkotikuli zemoqmedebis qveS arian qveyanas vardisfer ferebSi xedaven. TemaSi Cven gvaqvs mocemuli narkotikuli saSualebebis klasifikacia, maTi aRwera, es narkotike-bia: haSiSi, heroini, kokaini da a.S. aRniSnul TemaSi Cven mimovixileT narkomaniis Sesaxeb da mis wi-naaRmdeg brZolasTan dakavSirebuli qarTuli sakanonmdeblo baza da CamovTvaleT ramdenime gza Tu rogor davamarcxoT narkomania, esenia: eklesia, kanonis gamkacreba, narkomanTa daxmarebis sxvadasxva progra-mebi, da narkomanTa samkurnalo centrebi da sxva samedicino dawese-bulebebi.

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Мари Чхаидзе, Нана Джакели, Анна Коринтели

Наркомания, болезнь на грани преступности

Резюме

Наша тема - о проблеме, перед которой стоит целый мир, а также Грузия - наркотики. Мы попробовали перечислить причины, почему люди, особенно молодые, подростки становятся потребителями наркотиков. Причинами являются главным образом: интерес к наркотикам, трудная социальная ситуация, попытка забыть повседневные проблемы. Наркоманы думают, что получение дозы решит их проблемы, потому что, когда они под воздействием наркотиков, они видят мир в красивых цветах. В теме мы даëм классификацию, и описание наркотиков: гашиш, героин, кокаин и другие наркотики. В теме рассмотрено грузинское законодательство относительно наркотиков и борьбы с наркоманией и перечислены некоторые пути, борьбы с наркоманией: церковь, ограничение закона, программы помогающие наркоману, большое количество лечебных учереждений и центров для наркоманов.

Mari Chkhaidze, Nana Jakheli, Ann Korinteli

Drug addiction, illness on the verge of crime

The Summary

Our theme is about the problem that the whole world and also Georgia is facing –it is Nar-cotics. We tried to list the reasons why people, particularly young people, teenagers are becoming drug edicts. Those reasons are mainly: interest in drugs, hard social situation, at-tempt to forget day to day problems. They think that when they are intoxicated (not sober) they will solve their problems, because when they’re high they see the world in beautiful colors. In the theme we have the classification, and description of narcotics, those are: hash-ish, heroin, cocaine and other drugs. In the theme we have reviewed Georgian legislation regarding narcotic and combat against drugs and listed some ways how we can fight and defeat drugs, those are: Church, restriction of law, programs assisting drug addict, more hospitals and centres for the drug addicts.

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ekaterine CxaiZe, darina muTiZe

narkomania da narkomaniiT daavadebuli adamianebis kriminologiuri daxasiaTeba

dResdReobiT aramarto saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel msoflioSi aq-tualuri problemaa axalgazrda Taobis mier danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Cadena, rac maTi krizisuli socialur-fsiqologiuri mdgomareobaSi yofniT aris gamowveuli. bavSvebi mocilebulni arian ojaxur gavle-nas, dangreulia qcevis uwindeli stereotipebi, Secvlilia Rirebu-lebiTi sistema.socialuri garemos mzardma moTxovnebma Seqmna maso-brivi fsiqoemociuri daZabulobis atmosfero, ramac sxva faqtoreb-Tan erTad ganapiroba axalgazrdebsa da aramarto maT Soris narko-tikebis moxmarebis katastrofuli gavrceleba. Aam fonze moimata so-cialuri daavadebebis sixSiremac, romelTagan aRsaniSnavia narkoma-nia. eqspertTa monacemebiT saqarTvelo narkomanTa raodenobiT evropasa da aziaSi lideria. Aa.S.S-is saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi 250-350 aTasamde narkotikis momxmarebelia. A monaceme-biT, Cvens qveyanaSi evropasa da aziasTan SedarebiT yvelaze meti nar-komania. statistikis mixedviT narkotikebis momxmarebel patimarTa ricxvi yo-velwliurad matulobs. 2007wlis 5 Tvis ganmavlobaSi narkotikuli zemogmedebis dros Cadenili danaSaulisTvis gaasamarTles 500 piri, maT Soris 491 mamakaci, 4 qali da 5 arasrulwlovani. gamokiTxul narkomanTa umravlesoba narkotikis moxmarebis mizezad umuSevrobas, cud socialur pirobebs, imedgacruebas, ubralod sia-movnebis survils an unebisyofobas asaxelebs. narkomani cdilobs adamianTa Soris negatiur urTierTobebisagan Tavis daRwevas, sulier cxovrebaSi mimdinare omis, ‘’me’’-sa da “ara mes” Soris Serkinebis Se-degad sulieri qariSxlis erTgvar Senelebas, gamouval mdgomareobasi myofi adamiani narkoti-kebis saSualebiT aRwevs amas – xvdeba iluziebis, halucinirebul samyaroSi. igi droebiT mSviddeba, radgan ikmayofilebs biologiur moTxovnebs da meores mxriv, miraJebis samuaroSi yofnis dros aRwevs sulier simSvides,magram es yovelive moCvenebiTia. narkotikuli sa-Sualebis mravaljeradi gamoyenebis Sedegad yalibdeba damokidebu-leba pirovnebasa da fsiqoaqtiur saSualebas Soris. “Sen fiqrob, rom SegiZlia akontrolo narkotikebis miReba, magram erTdilas gaiRviZeb da mixvdebi, rom Sen mis klanWebSi xar. magram SeiZleba gvian iyos!!! Sen ukve daavadebuli xar ! cnobili qarTveli fsiqiatri, akademikosi avlip zurabaSvili narko-mans Semdegnairad axasiaTebs: ,,am avadmyofobiT gamowveuli yvelaze didi ubedureba da katastrofa is aris, rom narkomaniis SemTxvevaSi, pirvel rigSi da upirveles yovlisa pirovneba kargavs yvelaze did saunjes, iwyeba misi gadagvareba, moraluri defeqti, zneobis daqvei-Teba da bolos misi Sinagani sindisis xmis sruli mospoba-ganadgureba, amitom narkomanias me ganvixilav, rogorc moralis da zneobis avadmyofobas”

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narcomanía narkotikuli saSualebebis arasamedicino moxmarebiT ga-mowveuli daavadebaa, ris Sedegadac fizikurad ingreva, avaddeba ada-mianis organizmi, sulierad Canagdeba pirovneba, icvleba misi cxovre-bis wesi da sagrZnoblad mcirdeba misi sasicocxlo wlebi. narkotikul nivTierebebs SeuZliaT imdenad Zlieri zegavlena moaxdi-nos tvinze, rom Secvalos aRqma da samyaro sruliad sxvagvarad war-moadginos. igi astimulirebs, amSvidebs abruebs, iwvevs halucinaciebs da eiforias. zemoqmedeba damokidebulia narkotikuli saSualebis Se-madgenlobaze da TviTon momxmarebelze, mis ganwyobaze da garemoc-vaze. Cvens mier Catarebuli iqna gamokiTxva Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-sitetSi – studentebis mier narkotikuli saSualebebis moxmarebis Sesaxeb. gamokiTxuli iqna 500-mde studenti 17-23 wlis asakobriv in-tervalSi. axalgazrdebSi yvelaze moxmarebad narkotikul saSuale-bad dasaxelda marixuana (haSiSi, plani). student gogonebSi narkoti-kuli nivTierebis moxmarebis maCvenebeli Zlier umniSvneloa, mxolod ramodenime amis Semdeg gamokiTxva CavatareT narkotikuli nivTierebe-bis momxmareblebTan. gamokiTxul narkomanTa umravlesoba narkotikis moxmarebis mizezad umuSevrobas, cud socialur pirobebs, ubralod siamovnebis survils an unebisyofobas asaxelebs.narkomania, samwuxa-rod, iseTi senia, romelic nebismier Cvengans SeiZleba Seeyaros. yve-laze mTavari ki is aris, rom saqarTveloSi narkomania ar iTvleba mZime daavadebad. ar Tvlian axalgazrdebi, rom amiT isini daavadde-bian da garTobis, prestiJis, modurobisaTvis xdebian narkomane-bi.kluburi cxovreba da diskoteka ver warmoudgeniaT narkotikebis gareSe. Ees imis bralia, rom informaciis naklebobaa sazogadoebaSi. Cvens qveyanaSi es sakiTxi Zalian cudadaa dayenebuli saWiroa aqtiuri TanamSromloba mediasTan, rom gaSuqdes aseTi sakiTxebi. saqarTvelo-Si dRemde modis imaze dava, narkomani kriminalia Tu avadmyofi. 20welia es debatebi ar damTavrda. imisTvis, rom Semcirdes narkoman-ta raodenoba, saxelmwifom unda izrunos maTze, rogorc mZime avadm-yofebze da amasTan ar unda arsebobdes sisxlis samarTlis pasuxism-gebloba da jarimebi, radgan rodesac isini wamlis fuls Zlivs Souliben, zogjer ki fulis Sovnas qurdobiT da ZarcviT cdiliben, jarimis gadasaxdelad isini kvlav mimarTaven amave xerxs. jarimebisa da sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis nacvlad, mgoni ajobebda maTi samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavseba. narkomanTa raodenoba jaWuri progresiiT izrdeba. narkomania aris saxelmwifos problema. es aris ,,frinvelis gripi” romelsac saxelm-wifo ebrZvis, narkomania gripze uaresi epidemiaa, romelsac moaqvs Sidsi, C-hepatiti, invalidoba da a.S. narkomania qveyanas aunazRaurebel danaklis ayenebs. SemTxveviT ar aris, rom saqarTvelos marTmadideblurma eklesiamac umTavres problemad narkomania daasaxela. marTalia is bevr sxva qve-yanas awuxebs, magram aman saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebiT sagangaSo formebi miiRo-izrdeba narkomania saerTo ricxvi mozardebSi, matu-lobs momxmarebelTa raodenoba qalebsa da gogonebsac Soris.seni axalgazrdavdeba da Rupavs rogorc calkeul individebs xorcielad da sulierad, aseve mTel qveyanas ufskrulisken eqaCeba. qarTvel eqs-

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pertTa SefasebiT. qveyanaSi 200aTasze meti narkomania. Aaseve Teoriu-li SefasebiT (radgan socialuri kvlevebi usaxsrobis gamo ver Ca-tarda). 35-40 aTasi damokidebuli avadmyofia, romelic regularulad moixmars narkotikebs samwuxaroa, rom dRes narkomaniis samkurnalod praqtikulad Tanxebs ar gamoyofs saxelmwifo. amitom bevri narkomani pacientisTvis mkurnaloba miuwvdomelia., arasakmarisia samkurnalo dawesebulebebis raodenoba (Tbilisis yvela klinikaSi rigebia), ar arsebobs sareabilitacio klinikebi da socialuri daxmarebis servi-si, romelic daexmareboda adamians, narkotikebis Sewyvetis Semdeg Ta-vi daemkvidrebina, Tavisi adgili epova da saqme gamoenaxa. narkotiki narkomani adamianis cxovrebis wamalia romlis zemoqmede-bis drosac adamiani sxva cxovrebaSi gadadis da ara aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba maTTvis, Tu rogori Sexeduleba aqvs maTze xalxs magram aris kate-goria, romlisTvisac narkomania ukve avadmyofobaa, zogisTvis gankur-nebadi da Tvlian, rom narkotikis gadagdeba maTTvis did siZneles ar warmoadgens, magram es SeuZlebelia narkomani absoliturad yvela-ferze wava, oRond wamali iSovos da e.w. ,,lomka” daikmayofilos. Mis fsiqikas 99% wamali marTavs. Cven SevZeliT ramdenime narkomans gavsaubrebodiT. 27 wlis mamakaci paata:

− ra asakSi daiwye narkotikuli saSualebebis moxmareba?

− 17 wlisam gavikeTe pirvlad ,,geraini”, plans ar veweodi

− ram gibiZga misken?

− xalxis wrem da interesma

− ras daarqmevdi narkotiks Sens cxovrebaSi mavne Cvevas Tu avadmyo-fobas?

− mavne Cvevasac da avadmyofobasac

− ra Secvala narkotikma Sens cxovrebaSi?

− bevri rame, narkotikebis moxmarebis Semdeg Cemi cxovreba ukan-ukan wavida

− gagaCnia Tu ara sinanulis grZnoba narkotikebTan mimarTebaSi?

− ki, narkotiki angrevs adamians rogorc fizikurad ise sulierad

− gqonia Tu ara mcdeloba Tavi dagenebebina narkotikebisTvis?

− mravaljer, mgoni exla sabolood SeveSvi uflis daxmarebiT

− SeuZlia Tu ara narkomans Tavi daanebos narkotikebis moxmarebas da rogor?

− ki, SeuZlia uflis daxmarebiT da nebisyofiT

− rodis xdeba narkomani avadmyofi?

− roca wamalze damokidebuli xdeba

− unda arsebobdes Tu ara narkomanisaTvis fuladi jarimis da sisxlis

samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba?

− ar unda iyos, narkomans unda umkurnali da ara daiWiro

− dro rom dabrundes narkotiks isev gasinjavdi?

− Ara

− ras Secvlidi Sens cxovrebaSi?

− Warsuls

− ras apireb momavalSi?

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− Tavi ukve davanebe da vecdebi aRar gavekaro wmals

− ras urCev axalgazrdebs narkotikebTan dakavSirebiT?

− ar gaekaron wamals

− Tu mogiparavs narkotikebis gamo rame?

− ki, nivTebi, fuli, manqanebi

− ra SegrZneba gaqvs narkotikebis miRebisas?

− magari kargi SegrZnebaa.

− Sen, rom mama iyo, riTi daexmarebodi narkoman Svils?

− vumkurnalebdi da davexmarebodi gamojanmrTelebaSi.

− daavaddiT Tu ara narkotikebis moxmarebisas raime daavadebiT (Sidsi, hepatiti.)

− ki, hepatitiT.

− bolos rodis gaikeTeT?

− eqvsi Tvis win.

− SenTvis Tu daukisrebiaT fuladi jarima an sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba narkotikebis moxmarebis gamo?

− ki, fuladi jarimac da axla pirobiTi maqvs misjili. aRsaniSnavia, isic rom paatam sami Tve monasterSi gaatara, da is am faqts miiCnevs Tavisi cxovrebis ukeTesisken Secvlis safuZvlad. 23 wlis mamakaci giorgi.

− ra asakSi gasinje narkotiki?

− 18 wlis asakSi “heroini”


− interesma da xalxis wrem.

− ra Secvala narkotikma Sens cxovrebaSi?

− Cemi cxovreba ukan ukan waiyvana.

− ras daargmevdi narkotiks Sens cxovrebaSi mavne Cvevas Tu avadm-yofobas?

− orives, ufro azartia.

− SeuZlia Tu ara narkomans Tavi daanebos narkotiks?

− garkveuli droiT daanebebs, magram samudamod ara mgonia Tavi daaRwios am jojoxeTs.

− rodis xdeba narkomani avadmyofi?

− narkotikis gakeTebis pirvelive dRidan.

− Tu mogiparavs narkotikebis gamo?

− ki.

− ra SegrZneba gaqvs narkotikebis miRebisas.?

− Zalian magaria, aRwera SeuZlebelia.

− rodis gaikeTe bolos?

− daaxloebiT ori kviris win, magram me SemiZlia vTqva pasiuri nar-komani var, radgan RmerTis daxmarebiT iSviaTad vikeTeb ukve da albaT nel-nela Tavs samudamod davanebeb.

17 wlis gogona qeTi (abiturienti)

− ra asakSi daiwye narkotikuli saSualebebis moxmareba?

− 15 wlis asakSi.


− cudma situaciam.

− gagaCnia Tu ara sinanulis grZnoba?

− ki.

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− gqonia Tu ara mcdeloba Tavi dageRwia narkotikebisaTvis?

− ki, wamals vsvavdi “lomkis”mosaxsnelad.

− SeuZlia Tu ara narkomans Tavi daanebos narkotiks?

− nawilobriv daanebebs, megobrebis daxmarebiT da mkurnalobiT.

− dro rom dabrundes kidev gasinjav narkotiks?

− ara.

− ras apireb momavalSi?

− gamosworebas, cxovrebas narkotikebis gareSe.

− ras urCev axalgazrdebs narkotikebTan mimarTebaSi?

− arasodes gaikeTon.

− Tu mogiparavs narkotikebis gamo rame?

− ki, fuli, manqana.

− Sen rom deda iyo ra reaqcia geqneboda narkoman Svilze?

− Zalian cudi, magram yvelanairad davexmarebodi gamojanmrTeleba-Si.

− Sens ojaxSi ician narkotikebs rom moixmareb?

− ara.

− bolos rodis gaikeTe?

− oTxi Tvis win da imedi maqvs aRarasodes gavikeTeb. 35 wlis beri.

− ra asakSi gaikeTe pirvelad narkotiki?

− 17-18 wlis asakSi gavikeTe TviTon wamali, manmade “plans”veweodi.

− ram gibiZga narkotikebisaken?

− rogorc avRniSne sanam wamalis gakeTebas daviwuebdi veweodi “plans”, Semdeg igi ukve aRar makmayofilebda, raRac ufro Zlieri mindoda da gadavedi ukve narkotikebis moxmarebaze.

− rogor SeiZleba adamianma Tavi daaRwios narkotikebis moxmarebas?

− adamianma SeiZleba Tavi daanebos narkotikebis moxmarebas, mxolod RmerTis daxmarebiT. Mme piradad rva welia monasterSi vcxovrob, sami welia ukve berad aRvikvece da am xnis manZilze ukve aRar mo-mixmarebia narkotikuli saSualebebi RmerTis SewevniT da daxmare-biT

− TvliT Tu ara Tavi daaRwieT narkotikebis moxmarebas?

− me rogorc avRniSne ukve aRar movixmareb narkotikul saSualebebs, aRarc survili maqvs misi moxmarebis, arc organizmi moiTxovs, ma-gram tvinSi mainc raRac mRrnis, magram me mainc aRar vikeTeb ukve rva welia.SeiZleba iTqvas Tavi davaRwie.

− ras urCev axalgazrdebs narkotikebTan dakavSirebiT?

− vTxov arasodes gaikeTon narkotiki, radgan Tu erTxel gaikeTes, ukve Znelia Tavis daRweva. Nnarkotikebis gakeTeba, igivea, rac WaobSi Sesvla, rogorc Waobidan gamosvla TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, isevea narkotikebisTvis Tavis daRweva. erTaderTi Cemi Txovna iq-neba iaron eklesiaSi, ilocon da RmerTi daexmareba maT. mTavari mondomebaa da RmerTi yovelTvis dagexmareba. Mmravali adamiani minaxavs narkomani, romlebmac RmerTis daxmarebiT Tavi daaRwies narkotikebis moxmarebas da dRes eklesiur cxovrebas ewevian, ume-tesoba berad aRikveca. Kkargi iqneba Tu ilocebT narkomani ada-mianebisaTvis locva daexmareba maT gamojanmrTelebaSi.

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mTel msoflioSi gavrcelebul sens, e.w. narkomanias, samwuxarod sa-qarTvelomac gverdi ver auara. ra aris es? saSualeba, romelic sia-movnebas gvaniWebs, Tu realobidan gaqceva, romelSic Sen cxovrob. narkomanebi _ adamianebi, romelTac yvelani ar scnoben, romelTac fexqveS Telaven da yovel wuTs aZageben mxolod imitom rom, maTi azriT, narkomanebs ar aaqvT ufleba, wamoayenon TavianTi moTxovnebi, principebi. Aaravis ainteresebs, ratom mimarTaven isini am saSuale-bebs, ratom igdeben Tavs safrTxeSi, xom ician, rom es maT sicocxles savalalo Sedegamde-aRsasrulamde miiyvans. Aam kiTxvaze pasuxi Zne-lad Tu moipoveba, Znelad Tu gaarkvev mizezs, Tu ratom ebmebian aseT uTanasworo brZolaSi narkomanebi da TviT daumarcxebeli sikvdili. cxovreba rTulia Tu adamianma ramdenime sirTule gadalaxa, igi arc Semdegs SeuSindeba, magram Tuki yvelafers daiviwyebs da gauvneblo-bis mizniT eiforias miecema, vin icis, miaRwevs ki misi goneba axal winaaRmdegobamde, Tu misi sirTule mxolod imiT Semoifargleba, Tu rogor mieces kvlavindebur eiforias. Aadamiani cxovrobs imisTvis, rom gadalaxos RmerTisgan boZebuli sirTuleebi da amiT daimkvi-dros adgili sasufevelSi, magram isini, romlebic cdiloben gaeqcnen realobas da Tavs narkomaniis niRbiT ifaraven, mxolod sabediswerod arian ganwirulni. isini narkotikebis zegavlenis qveS Cadian uamrav sisaZagles: iparaven, klaven, yidian sakuTar qonebas da axloblebsac ar indoben, magram, ratom, ras eZeben masSi?! xalxi daundobelia, maTSi uamravi boroti da ironiuli kiTxvaa: amdeni fuli aqvs da ra unda gasWirveboda? aseT mamikos Svils yvelaferi garantirebuli aqvs da ra edardeba? Mmagram iqneb saqme fulSi ki ara, maTSia. maT, siTbo, alersi da ada-mianTa normaluri damokidebuleba esaWiroebaT da ara fuli, rac maT mxolod narkomanobisken ubiZgebT. sinamdvileSi narkomanebic iseTive adamiaebi arian, rogorc Cven, ami-tom maT unda davexmaroT am senis daZlevaSi. Nnarkomani damokidebu-li aris wamalze, magram, Tu TviTon moindimebs da garSemomuofnic daexmarebian, isini aucileblad ganikurnebian.

ekaterine CxaiZe,Ddarina muTiZe Ggrigol robaqiZis universitetis


Ggamoyenebuli literatura:

1. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqis saerTaSoriso

fondTan arsebuli ,,antinarkotikuli centri” www.Orthodox.ge 2. statistikis departamenti www.statistic.ge

http://www.orthodox.ge/

http://www.orthodox.ge/

http://www.statistic.ge/

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ekaterine CxaiZe, darina muTiZe

narkomania da narkomaniiT daavadebuli adamianebis kriminologiuri PdaxasiaTeba

reziume

es naSromi exeba narkomanias da narkomaniiT daavadebul adamianebs. es seni axalgazrdavdeba da Rupavs rogorc calkeul individebs xorcielad da sulierad, aseve mTel qveyanas ufskrulisaken eqaCeba. narkomanTa raodenoba jaWvuri progresiiT izrdeba, narkomania aris saxelmwifos problema. igi qveyanas aunazRaurebel danakliss ayenebs. saxelmwifom kargad unda gaiazros Tu ra safrTxe emuqreba adamia-nebs Tu saswrafod ar aRmofxvravs am damRupvel sens. aseve es naS-romi exeba piradad narkotikebis momxmarebel adamianebs da gzebs riTac SeiZleba am senis Tavidan acileba. D

Екатерина Чхаидзе, Дарина Мутидзе

Криминальная характеристика наркомании и больных наркоманов

Резюме

Данная работа посвящена наркомании и людям, которые больны наркоманией, а также как можно избавитъся от этой болезни. Эта болезнъ молодая и губит тело и душу, как отделъных индивидуумов, так и всю страну ведет к пропасти. Число наркоманов увеличивается по цепной прогрессии. Наркомания это государственная проблема. Она наносит безвозмездный урон стране. Государство должно осмыслитъ какую опасностъ несет людям наркомания, если быстро не искоренитъ эту пагубную болезнъ.

Ekaterina Chaidze, Darina Mutidze

Criminological characteristic of drug addiction and drug abusers

The Summary This labour is about drugs and diseases of drug users. This disease is getting younger day after day ruining as separate individuals as all the universe killing their corporal and moral values. The quantity of drug users is increasing as the chain progress. This is also a big problem for the government, because this illness brings an irreparable losses. The state must consider what danger will threat a person who uses this poison and the government has to eradicate this problem as soon as possible. Besides, this work is about drug users and about the ways how to avoid this dis-ease.

76

beqar qoCiaSvili

narkobiznesis sisxlissamarTlebrivi da kriminologiuri aspeqtebi

“narkotiki” berZnuli sityvaa da gaSeSebas niSnavs,. Nnarkotikebis Se-saxeb jer kidev Zvel egvipteSi, asureTsa da saberZneTSi icodnen. me-19 saukunis bolomde, narkotikebi saerTaSoriso problemas ar war-moadgenda da ZiriTadad axlo aRmosavleTsa da msoflios ramodenime qveyanaSi iyo gavrcelebuli. me-19 saukunis bolodan moyolebuli, rodesac satransporto saSualebebi da saerTaSoriso vaWroba ganvi-Tarda, daiwyo narkotikebis gavrceleba mTels msoflioSi da dRes, samwuxarod, arc erTi qveyana ar aris daculi am safrTxisagan. narkotikebis ukanono gavrceleba aralegaluri biznesis erT_erTi yvelaze momgebiani formaa. sabWoTa kavSiris ngrevis Semdeg mso-flioSi narkotikebis gasaRebis bazrebisa da marSrutebis xelaxali gadanawilebis procesi daiwyo. sabWoTa kavSiris yvela yofil respublikaSi, narkotikebis moxmarebis zrdis tendencia aRiniSna. narkosaqmosnebisaTvis ki gansakuTrebiT mimzidveli aRmoCnda saqarTvelo, romelsac Savi zRviT evropaze aqvs gasasvleli, xolo kavkasiis qedis saidumlo bilikebiT ruseTs ukav-Sirdeba. saqarTvelos geografiulma mdebareobam da mis mniSvnelovan teritoriaze centraluri xelisuflebis iurisdiqciis ar gavrcele-bam, danaSaulebriv klanebs saSualeba misca, saqarTvelo eqciaT nar-kotikebis nakadis tranzitul arxad. romlis gavliTac narkotikebi avRaneTidan da Sua aziidan evropasa da dsT_s qveynebSi xvdeba. amas-Tanave, Tavad saqarTveloSi narkomania erT-erTi Tanamedrove proble-maTagania. sxvadasxva wyaroebSi iuwyebian, rom qveyanaSi narkotikebs 250 000-mde adamiani moixmars, xolo narkobiznesis yovelwliuri brunva 1 (erT) miliardamde aSS dolaria. narkomaniaSi farTodaa Ca-Treuli axalgazrdoba, aseve saxelmwifo mosamsaxureebi, maT Soris samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromlebic. sisxlis samarTlis statistikis monacemebis Tanaxmad, narkotikebis ukanono damzadebas, warmoebas, Senaxvas, gadazidvas, gadagzavnas da gasaRebasTan dakavSi-rebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis raodenoba yovelwliurad izr-deba. Aaseve matulobs im pirTa raodenoba, romlebic mocemuli dana-Saulis braldebiT gasamarTldnen. amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom izrdeba Zliermoqmedi narkotikebis (heroini, kokaini da sxva) momx-marebelTa ricxvic. narkotikebis realizaciidan miRebuli SemosavliT finansdeba yvela teroristuli organizacia, maT Soris, osama bin ladenis organizacia “ al_qaida”. teroristebisaTvis fuli swored quCaSi, maT Soris aq, saqarTveloSi, gayiduli narkotikebiT miRebuli SemosavliT ikribeba. vardebis revoluciis Semdeg SeiniSneba saxelmwifo politikis gamka-creba narkotikuli danaSaulebis winaaRmdeg, amas adasturebs saxelmwifo politikis gamkacreba narkotikuli danaSaulebis wi-naaRmdeg da prezidentis sajaro gamosvlebSi araerTxel gamoTqmuli mkveTrad uaryofiTi damokidebuleba mag: “nulovani tolerantoba”. aqedan gamomdinare, administraciul da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Setanil iqna cvlilebebi, romelic ZiriTadad jarimis odenobis gazrdaSi aisaxa, me vTvli, rom es aris narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZo-lis saqmeSi saxelmwifos araswori midgomaa danaSaulis prevenciis

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TvalsazrisiT, rac realurad ukuSedegs iwvevs, radgan dajarimebis Sedegad narkotikebis momxmareblebs eqmnebaT mZime ekonomikuri pro-blemebi da amis gamo Cadian danaSauls. rodesac saxelmwifo iTxovs, rom narkomania Semcirdes, man unda Seqmnas Sesabamisi sareabilitacio centrebi, rac albaT yvelaze efeqturi brZolis meTodia narkomaniis winaaRmdeg.

beqar qoCiSvili grigol robaqiZis saxelobis

universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis magistranti

gamoyenebuli literatura: 1. saqarTvelos konstitucia. 2. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi ( 2007 wlis 5dekembris

mdgomareobiT). 3. saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi . 4. saqarTvelos kanoni “ narkotikuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZo-

lis Sesaxeb”. 5. saqarTvelos kanoni “narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli

nivTierebebis, prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Se-saxeb”.

6. avtorTa koleqtivi kriminologia da samarTaldamcavi sistema ame-rikis SeerTebul Statebsa da saqarTveloSi.

7. j. janaSia – XXI saukunis gamowveva. Tbilisi 2001w.

beqar qoCiaSvili

Nnarkobiznesis sisxlissamarTlebrivi da kriminologiuri aspeqtebi

reziume

Tema exeba narkotikebis ukanono gavrcelebas, romelic aralegaluri biznesis erT_erTi yvelaze momgebiani formaa. TemaSi aRniSnulia, rom narkosaqmosnebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mimzidveli aRmoCnda saqarTve-lo, romelsac Savi zRviT evropaze aqvs gasasvleli, xolo kavkasiis qedis saidumlo bilikebiT ruseTs ukavSirdeba. avtori aRniSnavs, rom “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg SeiniSneba saxelmwifo politikis gam-kacreba narkotikuli danaSaulebis winaaRmdeg, romelic gamoixateba ZiriTadad jarimis odenobis gazrdaSi. avtori miiCnevs, rom es aris narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi saxelmwifos araswori mid-goma da am mizniT meti yuradReba unda daeTmos misi Tavidan acile-bis ¿kuTxiT muSaobas.

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Бекар Кочиашвили

Правовые и криминологические аспекты наркобизнеса

Резюме

Тема касается незаконного распространения наркотиков. В работе высказано мнение, что Грузия является особо привлекательным для наркобизнеса, из за прохода через Чёрное Море к Европе и через Кавказскую горную цепь на Россию. После «Революции Роз», после ужесточения государственной политики по отношению к данным преступлениям, санкции в основном выявились в увеличении штрафа.

Bekar Kochiashvili

Legal and criminological aspects of narcobusiness

The Summary

The theme concerns illegal spreading of drugs. In work it is told that Georgia is especially attractive for narcobusiness, because of the path through Black sea to Europe and through the Caucasian mountain range to Russia. After the revolution of rose it is noticeable exaspera-tion of a state policy under the attitude of a narcotic crime, which is basically shown in in-creasing of the penalty.

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amiran mosuliSvili

msubuq narkotikul saSualebaTa legalizaciis SesaZlo Tanxvedri Sedegebi saqarTveloSi

narkobiznesi saerTaSoriso da regionuli masStabiT erT-erTi yvela-ze momgebiani danaSaulebrivi saqmianobaa. igi mWidrodaa dakavSire-buli iseT transnacionalur organizebul damnaSaveobasTan, rogori-caa: terorizmi, iaraRiT vaWroba, kontrabanda da a.S. msoflios kriminogenuri situaciis analitikuri analizi gviCvenebs, rom ukanasknel periodSi kriminaluri gaerTianebebi narkotikebis satranzitod eZeben axal gzebs, axal marSrutebs, romelTa Sorisac isini erT-erT upirates mniSvnelobas aniWeben e.w. „kavkasiur marS-ruts,’’ romelic sxva postsabWour saxelmwifoebTan erTad saqarTve-los teritoriazec gadis. saqarTvelo politikuri TvalsazrisiT dRes metad rTul mdgomareo-baSia, misi iurisdiqcia cnobili mizezebis gamo, samwuxarod, faqto-brivad ar vrceldeba qveynis teritoriis garkveul nawilebze (cxin-valis regioni, afxazeTi). aTasobiT adamiani iZulebuli gaxda daeto-vebina Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgili da sakuTar samSobloSi devnili an iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri gamxdariyo, amasTanave mkveTrad imata mosaxleobis iZulebiTma migraciam, ramac Tavis mxriv, kidev ufro gaamwvava isedac rTuli socialur-politikuri viTareba. mkve-Trad gaizarda umuSevarTa raodenoba. saqarTvelos is teritoriebi, sadac ar vrceldeba Cveni iurisdiqcia, separatistebisa da danaSau-lebrivi jgufebis mier moxerxebulad gamoiyeneba narkotikuli sa-Sualebebisa da iaraRis ukanonod gadasazidad. saqarTveloSi narkotikebis ukanono Semotanis ZiriTad mimarTulebe-bad iTvleba mezobeli qveynebi: azerbaijani, somxeTi, ruseTis fede-racia (daRestani) da saqarTvelos mier faqtobrivad arakontrolire-badi cxinvalis regioni da afxazeTi. dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi kvlav erT-erT umniSvnelovanes problemad rCeba narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis ukanono brunvasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi. aRniSnulis gaTva-liswinebiT, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros danayofebma kidev ufro gaaqtiures saqmianoba am mimarTulebebiT, ramac narkotikebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg brZolis statistikur maCvenebelSic hpova asaxva. narkodanaSaulis raodenobasTan erTad ganuxrelad izrdeba ukanono brunvidan amoRebuli narkotikuli saSualebebis saxeobebi da maTi odenobis maCveneblebi. N narkomaniisa da narkotikebis ukanono brunvis problema saqarTvelo-Si xasiaTdeba misi mudmivi zrdis tendenciiT. qveyanaSi mimdinare gardaqmnebma, gardamavali periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebelma politi-kurma, socialurma, ekonomikurma Tu sxva saxis siZneleebma axali biZgi misca qveyanaSi narkotikebis ukanono brunvis masStabebs, misi Cqari tempebiT matebasa da am fonze narkotikebis arasamedicino da-niSnulebiT momxmarebel pirTa raodenobrivad zrdasac. N narkotikebis ukanono brunvasTan dakavSirebul pirTa socialuri analizi gviCvenebs, rom maTi umetesi nawili umuSevaria. yovelwliu-

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rad izrdeba narkotikebis ukanono brunvis gamo gasamarTlebul pir-Ta raodenoba. Y aRniSnulis safuZvelze SeiZleba gamovTqvaT mosazreba, rom saqarT-velo narkomaniiT ukiduresad mZimed dazianebuli qveynis klasikuri nimuSia. Yyovelive zemoaRniSnulisa da sxva mosazrebaTa gaTvaliswi-nebiT, Cveni qveynis ganviTarebis am etapze sakamaTod SeiZleba iqnas miCneuli zogi mecnierisa da sazogadoebis garkveuli fenis mosazre-ba narkotikebis piradi moxmarebis mizniT Senaxvis, misi arasamedicino daniSnulebiT gamoyenebisaTvis kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil sisxlisa-marTlebrivi da administraciuli pasuxismgeblobis gauqmebis sakiTx-Tan dakavSirebiT. praqtikam daadastura, rom kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebebi narkotikebis ukanonod brunvis sferoSi seriozul sazogadoebriv saSiSroebas warmoadgenen, swored aman ganapiroba dReisaTvis is garemoeba, rom kanonmdebeli did yuradRebas uTmobs aRniSnuli problemis gadaWras. narkotikuli danaSauli imiT gansxvavdeba pirovnebis winaaRmdeg mi-marTuli yvela sxva danaSaulisagan, rom ziani adgeba ara marto kon-kretul pirs, aramed moqalaqeTa did nawils. Aswored amitomac, nar-kotikuli danaSaulis uSualo obieqtad mosaxleobis janmrTelobas miviCnevT. sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom damnaSaveoba adamianTa socialuri qcevebis erTobliobaa, romelic arRvevs sazogadoebrivi organizmis normalurad funqcionirebas da gamoixateba dawesebuli samarTlebri-vi normebis darRvevaSi, praqtika ki gviCvenebs rom narkotikebTan da-kavSirebul danaSauls mTlianad danaSaulis saerTo moculobaSi, Tavisi ricxobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebiT erT-erTi upirvele-si adgili uWiravs. aqedan gamomdinare migvaCnia, rom narkotikebis arasamedicino daniSnulebiT moxmarebisaTvis sisxlisamarTlebrivi da administraciuli pasuxismgeblobis gauqmebam SesaZloa gamoiwvios ara marto narkotikebis ukanono brunvasTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulis raodenobrivad zrda, aramed narkotikebis zegavlenis qveS myof pirTa mier Cadenili danaSaulebis zrdac. B bolo periodSi SeimCneva narkotikebis legalizaciis ideis momxreTa gaaqtiurebis tendencia, romlebic am gzas narkomaniis gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg brZolis erT-erT mizanmimarTul SesaZlebel xerxs uwo-deben, aseTi seriozuli problemisadmi amdagvari midgoma TavisTa-vad cudi rodia, magram unda vaRiaroT, rom masac aqvs Tavisi rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi mxareebi. N narkotikuli saSualebebis zemoqmedebis qveS myofi pirovneba yovelT-vis saSiSia sazogadoebisTvis. Ees faqti udaodaa miCneuli da dadas-turebulia msoflio praqtikiT. Aadamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao de-klaraciis me-4 muxli pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom „Tavisufleba mdgoma-reobs imaSi, rom vakeToT yvelaferi is, rac ar avnebs garSemo myofT.“ N narkotikuli saSualebebis arasamedicino miznebiT moxmareba iwvevs sxvadasxva fsiqikur paTologiebs, kerZod eiforiul mdgomareobas.

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`eiforia~ specialur literaturaSi gansazRvrulia, rogorc usa-fuZvlod momatebuli udardelobis SegrZneba, romelsac Tan erTvis uzrunveloba da sakuTari mdgomareobis kritikuli Sefasebis unaris Sesusteba. Ffsiqotropuli nivTierebebis miRebisas ki aRiniSneba aRq-mis darRvevebi da cnobierebis moSla. TavisTavad, halucinaciur mdgomareobaSi myofi pirovneba saSiSi xdeba sazogadoebisaTvis, gar-Semo myofTaTvis. aseTi saSiSroebis uaryofa ewinaaRmdegeba pirovne-bis konstituciur uflebebs, mis usafrTxoebas. narkotikuli saSualebebis miRebis mizniT, piri SesaZloa iZulebuli gaxdes, Caidinos danaSaulebrivi qmedeba am saSualebebis SesaZenad, dasamzadeblad Tu Sesanaxad. bunebrivia, rom alogikuria marTlzo-mierad miviCnioT qmedeba, romelic mosdevs sisxlissamarTlebrivad dasjad qmedebas. msoflios umravles ganviTarebul qveyanaSi narko-tikuli saSualebebis arasamedicino mizniT moxmareba kanonmdeblobiT mainc dasjadia. rac Seexeba im problemas, rom mozard – axalgazrdobaSi moxdes msoflmxedvelobis swori orientaciis principebis Camoyalibeba da ganxorcieleba, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas moqmedi samarTlebrivi normebis prevenciuli mniSvneloba anu is Se-makavebeli faqtori, romlis gauqmebamac SeiZleba mogvces savalalo Sedegi da ubiZgos axalgazrdobas narkotikebis moxmarebisaken. erTis mxriv, narkotikul saSualebaTa Tavisuflad moxmareba, ro-gorc movlena da faqti, TavisTavad warmoadgens am senis gavrcelebi-sa da popularizaciis xelSemwyob pirobas, vinaidan narkomani sazo-gadoebas sTavazobs miseul, arajansaR, avadmyofuri cxovrebis wesis damkvidrebas, rac TavisTavad, zians ayenebs ara mxolod calkeuli individis, aramed mTeli sazogadoebis cnobierebas; Tumca, meoris mxriv, dRevandeli saqarTvelos sazogadoebis umetesi nawili acno-bierebs ra am senis gavrcelebis saSiSroebas da mis damRupvel Sede-gebs, nawilobriv mainc uWers mxars am sferoSi moqmedi samarTlebri-vi normebis cvlilebebs. rac Seexeba narkotikul saSualebaTa moxmarebas arasamedicino TvalsazrisiT, aq umniSvnelovanes faqtorad vTvliT narkotikisadmi individis mzardi damokidebulebis ganviTarebas, romlis mkurnalobis efeqturi meTodic dReisaTvis, samwuxarod, msoflioSi ar arsebobs. A aucilebelad migvaCnia imis gaTvaliswinebac, rom, xSir SemTxvevaSi, narkomaniis Tanmxlebadaa miCneuli iseTi mZime infeqciuri daavadebe-bi, rogoricaa magaliTad, Sidsi da `c~ hepatiti da sxv. Tu yovelive zemoaRniSnuls SevajerebT da erTian TvalTaxedvis areSi movaqcevT, naTlad SevZlebT imis danaxvas, Tu rogor SeiZleba daiZabos narkosituacia narkotikebis Tavisufali moxmarebis dakano-nebisas - legalizaciisas. safrTxis winaSe SesaZloa dadges mTlianad sazogadoeba, misi erovnuli genofondi. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebri-via, ismis kiTxva: Rirs ki aseTi sarisko eqsperimentis Catareba qveya-naSi, romelic es-esaa daadga ganviTarebisa da aRmSeneblobis gzas. angariSgasawevia is garemoebac, rom narkotikebis ukanono brunvaSi CarTul pirTa Soris matulobs rogorc qalTa, aseve arasrulwlo-vanTa ricxvi. Amasze didi gavlena moaxdina arsebulma socialurma

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problemebma, mniSvnelovnad Sesustda ojaxis gavlena mozard axal-gazrdobaze, isedac sagrZnobladaa Sesustebuli maTTan aRmzrdelo-biTi muSaoba. metad mwvaved dgas qalTa Soris narkomaniis gavrcele-bis problemac, rac ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia narkoman qalTa didi nawilis prostituciuri saqmianobiT, yovelive ki, sagrZnoblad noyier niadags uqmnis saSiSi, mZime infeqciuri daavadebebis gavrcelebas. B Cvenis azriT, ukanasknel wlebSi, aRiniSneba kidev erTi sagangaSo tendencia – mkveTrad gaizarda qalTa xvedriTi wili iseT mZime da-naSaulebSi, rogoricaa narkotikebis realizacia da kontrabanda, gaxSirda am saSiSi danaSaulis ojaxur „biznesad“ gamoyenebis SemTx-vevebic. saqarTvelo, rogorc cnobilia, narkotikebis mwarmoebel qveynad ar aris miCneuli, amitom, narkotikebis realizaciis yoveli faqtis ukan unda vigulisxmoT narkotikebis kontrabanduli gziT Semotana. nar-kotikul saSualebaTa kontrabandis faqtebTan erTad gaizarda nar-kodanaSaulSi mxilebul ucxoelTa erovnuli kuTvnilebis speqtric. am saxis danaSaulis CadenisaTvis dakavebulTa Soris arian rogorc Cveni uSualo mezobeli saxelmwifoebis: ruseTis, azerbaijanis, somxeTis, TurqeTis, aseve ukrainis, estoneTis, TurqmeneTis, tajike-Tis, yazaxeTis, uzbekeTis, germaniis, nigeriis, israelis moqalaqeebic. yoveli qveyana garkveul etapze iwyebs narkotikebis ukanono brunvas-Tan dakavSirebuli problemebis gadawyvetas. saqarTveloSi 90-iani wlebis cnobilma movlenebma garkveulwilad Seaferxa es procesi – narkotikebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarTlebrivi ba-zis Camoyalibeba saqarTveloSi faqtobrivad daiwyo 1997 wlidan. 1999 wlis aprilSi saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miRebuli iqna ka-noni „operatiul – samZebro saqmianobis Sesaxeb“, romlis momzadeba-Sic aqtiuri monawileoba miiRo Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom. Aam kano-nis moTxovnaTa safuZvelze Sinagan saqmeTa saministros narkomaniisa da narkobiznesis winaaRmdeg brZolis erovnulma biurom moamzada iseTi kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebi, rogoricaa: „sakontrolo Sesyidva“ da „kontrolirebadi miwodeba“. es aqtebi moawesrigeben gamavali tvirTebis kontrolirebad gadaad-gilebas rogorc qveynis SigniT, aseve tranzitiT gavlis drosac. mo-cemul aqtebSi sruladaa asaxuli msoflios im qveynebis gamocdile-ba, romelTac am problemebis winaaRmdeg brZolis praqtika gaaCniaT. rac mTavaria, es aqtebi harmonizebulia saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv normebTan. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saqarTvelo ar aris narkotikebis mwarmoebe-li qveyana da misi absoluturi umravlesoba Semoedineba sazRvarga-reTidan. amasTan, narkotikebis ukanono brunva saqarTveloSi dRiTi-dRe ufro saSiS masStabebsa da xasiaTs iZens. izrdeba narkotikebis kontrabandisa da realizaciis SemTxvevaTa raodenoba, romelic miu-TiTebs qveynis erovnuli simdidris gadinebaze – saqarTveloSi Semo-tanili narkotikuli saSualebebis nacvlad (misi safasuris gadaxdis saxiT), qveynidan gaedineba didi odenobiT fuli, Zvirfaseuloba da sxva kulturuli Tu materialuri faseulobani.

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saerTaSoriso narkobiznesi aqtiurad eZebs gasaRebis axal bazrebs. Ggavlenis sferoSi mosaqcev axal qveynebSi narkomafiis ZiriTadi strategia imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sawyis stadiaze, amgvar regions igi iyenebs rogorc narkotikul saSualebaTa satranzito gzas. Tumca, imavdroulad am regionis teritoriaze sarealizaciod Seaqvs narko-tikuli saSualebani, xolo mas Semdeg, rac kargad gaidgams fesvebs, aqve ukeTebs organizebas narkotikuli saSualebebis warmoebasac. swored amgvari safrTxis winaSe dgas damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis (dsT) yvela saxelmwifo, maT Soris saqarTveloc. rodesac saubaria narkotikuli saSualebebis SesaZlo legalizacia-ze, aucileblad unda ganvixiloT is garemoebani, romlebic SesaZloa mohyves am qmedebas. saqarTveloSi mimdinare samecniero kvlevebis, msoflio praqtikisa da gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis masalebze dayrdnobiT, aucilebelia gaverkvioT, Tu ra saSiSi da mavne Sedegebi SeiZleba moutanos qarTvel ers narkotikebis legalizebam da misi arasamedicino daniSnulebiT moxmarebisTvis sisxlisamarTlebrivi da administraciuli pasuxismgeblobis zomebis akrZalvam. Nnarkotikebis piradi moxmarebis mizniT SenaxvisTvis da arasamedicino daniSnule-biT misi gamoyenebisaTvis sisxlisamarTlebrivi da administraciuli pasuxismgeblobis gauqmebis momxreni gvaZleven imis „garantias“, rom igi sazogadoebas vnebas ar moutans. CvenTvis cnobilia, Tu ra mdgo-mareobaa narkotikuli saSualebebis mxriv saqarTveloSi, magram rTulia imis prognozireba, Tu ra SeiZleba mohyves narkotikebis moxmarebis legalizebas, Tundac mozard TaobaSi. angariSgasawevia is faqtoric, rom bolo aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi, saqarTveloSi narkotikuli saSualebebis raodenoba TandaTan ima-tebs, es imaze mianiSnebs, rom momxmarebelTa raodenobac paralelu-rad gaizrdeba. Aam yvelafris gaTvaliswinebiT, Znelia imis progno-zireba, rom legalizaciis Semdeg narkotikuli saSualebebis momxma-rebelTa raodenoba Semcirdeba. 70-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi gamoCnda kanafisebri ojaxis mcenareebisagan damzadebuli narkotikebi, magali-Tad rogoricaa marixuana. 80-ian wlebSi ki opiumis jgufis narkoti-kebi. 90-ian wlebSi ukanono brunvaSi Cans bevrad ufro Zliermoqmedi narkotikuli saSualebani, rogoricaa magaliTad: heroini, kokaini da sxva. bolo periodSi ki gamoCnda da Zlierad moikida fexi iseTma narkotikulma saSualebam rogoricaa – suboteqsi (romelic mraval qveyanaSi ar Sedis narkotikul nivTierebaTa nusxaSi). A aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom narkotikebis momxmare-belTa ricxvi gacilebiT ufro metia, vidre es CvenTvisaa cnobili da maTi moxmarebis akrZalvis gauqmeba axal impulss miscems narkotike-bis momxmarebelTa mkveTr zrdas. NCvenis azriT, narkotikebis moxma-rebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis gauqmeba gamoiwvevs agreTve imasac, rom mosaxleobis pirobiTad kanonmorCili nawili, romelic kanonis SiSiT ikavebda Tavs narkotikebisagan, SesaZloa gaxdes aqtiuri momxmarebe-li. Amas ki Sedegad mohyveba momxmarebelTa raodenobis seriozuli zrda, rac metad negatiurad imoqmedebs adamianis yoveldRiuri cxov-rebis yvela sferoze. magaliTad: dauSvebelia, rom narkotikebis zemoqmedebis qveS myofma adamianma warmoebaSi teqnikur meqanizmebTan imuSaos. dauSvebelia avtomanqana marTos narkotikuli nivTierebebis zemoqme-debis qveS myofma pirma.

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dauSvebelia narkotikuli saSualebebis momxmarebeli pirebis muSaoba saxelmwifo da samarTaldamcav struqturebSi,. dauSvebelia narkoti-kuli saSualebebis miReba arasrulwlovnebis mier da a.S. problemas verc nawilobriv rbili (SedarebiT msubuqi) narkotikebis, magaliTad marixuanis legalizeba moxsnis, radganac problema ara imdenad narkotikul saSualebaSia, ramdenadac misi moxmarebis gamomw-vev mizezebsa da masStabebSi. Ppraqtika gvarwmunebs, rom Tu gavauq-mebT pasuxismgeblobas marixuanas moxmarebisaTvis, heroinisa da sxva Zliermoqmedi narkotikebis momxmareblebi mainc gaagrZeleben am nar-kotikebis moxmarebas da Nnarkotikebis ukanono brunva mainc gagr-Zeldeba. narkotikul saSualebaTa legalizebis momxreTa Soris arsebobs mo-sazreba, rom narkotikebis legalizaciisas narkotikuli saSualebani gaxdeba advili xelmisawvdomi kanonieri gziT da es garemoeba dau-kargavs momxmareblebs narkotikebis miRebis interess. Ees piroba ar SeiZleba iyos imis garanti, rom narkotikebis momxmarebelTa raode-noba Semcirdeba da piriqiT ar gaizrdeba. Aamaze migviTiTebs im pirTa gamokiTxvis Sedegebi, romlebmac narkotikuli saSualebebis miRebas Tavi daanebes, maTi gadmocemiT, narkotikul saSualebaTa miRebisagan Tavis danebebis erT-erTi piroba iyo is, rom maT narkotikuli saSau-lebebis mosapoveblad urTierToba uwevdaT kriminaluri saqmianobis mqone xalxTan. Aaqedan gamomdinare, dadasturebiT ar SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom narkotikebis miRebis xelmisawvdomoba da kanoniereba Seam-cirebs im pirTa raodenobas, vinc moixmars narkotikul saSualebebs. narkotikuli saSualebebis (Tundac msubuqis) legalizeba, Cvenis az-riT, SesaZloa gansakuTrebiT negatiurad aisaxos axalgazrdobaze da maTi fsiqikis sworad Camoyalibebaze. N narkotikuli saSualebebis legalizaciasTan dakavSirebiT gasaTva-liswinebelia mravali faqtori, magaliTad: narkotikis legalizebis SemTxvevaSi, ismis kiTxva, - saxelmwifom da kerZo struqturebma ra fasebSi unda mihyidon narkotikuli nivTiereba momxmarebels? Tu ga-sayidi fasi kanonier bazarze bevrad ufro maRali iqneba, ra Tqma un-da, momxmarebeli mimarTavs arakanonier Sav bazars. sxvaTaSoris, ase-Ti mdgomareoba Seqmnilia mraval qveyanaSi, magaliTad, TambaqosTan dakavSirebiT, sadac kontrabanduli sigareti Tanaarsebobs sigaretis kanonier bazarTan. imave movlenas hqonda adgili opiumis nedleulTan dakavSirebiT. Soreuli aRmosavleTis koloniebSi pirvel da meore msoflio omebs Soris drois monakveTSi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxelmwifo daawesebda narkomovaWreebis mier dad-genil fasze gacilebiT naklebs. amas SesaZloa mohyoloda narkomo-vaWreTa gaqroba narkobazridan, magram amas SesaZloa mohyoloda sxva gacilebiT ufro didi problema, kerZod: _ narkotikebis fasebi Sem-cirdeboda da misi SeZena gacilebiT meti adamianisTvis iqneboda Se-saZlebeli dabal fenebSic ki. saerTo jamSi es garemoeba ki ar Seuw-yobda xels narkotikuli saSualebebis momxmarebelTa raodenobis Semcirebas, aramed SesaZloa gamoewvia maTi raodenobis zrda. rac Seexeba narkotikul saSualebaTa legalizebas axalgazrdebTan mimarTebaSi, gasaTvaliswinebelia kidev erTi faqtori, kerZod, axal-gazrdobis is nawili, romelic swori aRrzdisas xdeba kanonmorCili, SesaZloa swored am mizezis gamo ambobs uars narkotikul saSuale-

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baTa moxmarebaze, radganac maTi moxmareba kanoniT akrZalulia. le-galizebis SemTxvevaSi, es akrZalva uqmdeba da kanonmorCilma axal-gazrdobis nawilma SesaZlebelia daiwyos msubuqi narkotikuli sa-Sualebebis moxmareba, radgan kanoniT es ukve nebadarTuli xdeba. am garemoebis uaryofiTi Tanmdevi Sedegi SeiZleba iyos Semdegi: mec-nierTa gamokvleviT, msubuqi narkotikuli saSualebebis gamoyenebisas yoveli mexuTe-meeqvse piri SemdgomSi ufro Zlier narkotikze gada-dis, ramac samomavlod SesaZloa mogvces kidev ufro uaryofiTi da savalalo Sedegi. aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom narkotikebis moxmarebis legalizeba narkomanebisTvis axals arafers warmoadgens. iqidan gamomdinare, rom miuxedavad kanoniT maTi moxmarebis akrZalvisa, isini mainc Rebulo-ben narkotikul saSualebebs. aqedan gamomdinare, Cvenis azriT, msubuq narkotikul saSualebaTa legalizeba dasaSvebia SeexoT imaT, vinc adre narkotikul saSualebebs ar moixmarda. magram mainc vfiqrobT, rom mocemuli garemoeba Zalzed dasafiqrebeli da Rrmad Sesaswavli problemaa. zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, momavalSi Tuki mainc moxdeba msu-buq narkotikul saSualebaTa legalizeba, aucileblad gasaTvalis-winebeli da Zireulad Sesaswavli yvela is garemoeba, rac am dros vlindeba da Sesabamisad unda dadgindes, iqneba Tu ara msubuq narko-tikul saSualebaTa legalizeba narkomaniasTan brZolis winaaRmdeg dasaxuli swori gza.

amiran mosuliSvili grigol robaqiZis sax. universitetis

iuridiuli fakultetis doqtoranti

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amiran mosuliSvili msubuq narkotikul saSualebaTa legalizaciis SesaZlo Tanxvedri

Sedegebi saqarTveloSi

reziume msubuq narkotikul saSualebaTa legalizaciis SesaZlo Tanxvedri Sedegebi saqarTveloSi avtori naSromSi gadmogvcems narkomaniisa da narkotikebis ukanono brunvis problemas saqarTveloSi da gamoTqvams sakuTar mosazrebebs saqarTveloSi msubuqi narkotikuli saSualebebis legalizaciis SemTxvevaSi mosalodneli Sedegebis Sesaxeb

D Амиран Мосулишвили Возможные последствия легализации легких наркотических средств в Грузии

Резюме

Автор в работе анализирует проблему наркомании и наркотического оборота в Грузии и высказывает свои соображения по поводу последствий в случае легализации в Грузии легких наркотических средств.

Amiran Mosulishvili

Possible outcomes of the Legalization of light narcotic drugs in Georgia

The summary In the given paper the author considers the problem of drug addiction in Georgia. He gives his own viewpoint about the expected outcomes in case of the legalization of light narcotic drugs.

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ana grigolia

narkomania: daavadeba Tu danaSauli “Cven vuTanagrZnobT am seniT daavadebulebs. vuTanagrZnobT imitom, rom gvesmis, ramdenad mZimea es avadmyofoba, magram Cven arasodes SevurigdebiT imaT, vinc vaWrobs am saSineli sawamlaviT!..”

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II Tu gavixsenebT, rom mizezi yovelgvari xorcieli ukeTurebisa cod-vaa, maSin narkomanoba upirvelesad sulier aspeqtSi unda ganixile-bodes. narkomania warmoadgens kompleqsur problemas: suliers, zneobrivs, samedicinos, saxelmwifoebrivs, iuridiuls, socialurs da politi-kursac ki. vin ebrZvis narkomanebs? saqarTveloSi SeiZleba iTqvas, narkomanebs aravin ebrZvis, ebrZvian mxolod narkotikuli nivTierebis gamavrceleblebs da isic ara yo-velTvis. maT sruliad samarTlianad sazogadoeba yvela borotebis saTaved, Cveni eris mosisxle mtrebad miiCnevs. narkomanebisadmi damokidebuleba ki sxvagvaria. Cvenma mecnier-narkologebma, narkomanebs pirdapir gulisamaCuyebeli statusi uboZes – avadmyofi. dasneulebuli adamianebi ki sazogadoebis zrunvas, mo-ferebas, gulisxmierebas moiTxoven. ise gamodis, rom narkomania mxo-lod avadmyofobaa da meti araferi, arada narkomani sazogadoebisaT-vis metad saSiSi adamiania, romelsac morali ar gaaCnia. narkomani sakuTar das da dedasac gaswiravs, oRond narkotikebi Caigdos xelSi, romlis araerT magaliTs Cvens yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi vxvdebiT. uZveles droSi sazogadoeba Sewuxebuli iyo keTrovanebis arsebobiT. keTri advilad gadamdebi iyo. amitom daarsda leprozoriebi, sadac keTrovanebs iZulebiTi wesiT agzavnidnen samkurnalod. es friad normaluri aqcia iyo, romelic eris interesebs emsaxureboda, eris janmrTelobas icavda. aris Tu ara gadamdebi narkomania?! rasakvirvelia aris. am sens keTrovanebisgan gansxvavebiT, ZaliT avrceleben Tavad narko-manebi. isini yovel Rones xmaroben narkotikebis Sovnis gaadvilebis mizniT axalgazrdobis CasaTrevad am saSinelebaSi. Cndeba kiTxva, Tu-ki ubedur keTrovanebs agzavnidnen leprozorebSi samkurnalod, ra-tom ar SeiZleba moxdes narkomanebis izolacia sazogadoebisagan. rogoria eklesiis damokidebuleba narkomaniisadmi?! narkomania aris umZimesi codva sulisa da xorcis avadmyofoba, ro-melic adamianis suls maradiul satanjvels uqadis. aseTi adamani, Tu droze ar izrunebs am saSinelebisagan Tavis dasaRwevad, gardacale-

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bis SemTxvevaTi, TviTmkvlelad CaiTvleba. aranairi saeklesio wesi ar Seusruldeba da ufro metic, misTvis ara sazogadoebrivad (taZarSi), arc individualurad (saxlSi) locva ar SeiZleba. arsebobs uamravi mizezi, ris gamoc adamiani narkotikebis miRebas iw-yebs. adamianTa erTi nawili mZafr SegrZnebebs eZebs da cnobismoyva-reobis gamo akeTebs; meoreni narkomanias “magari biWobis” gamovline-bad Tvlian. magram arian iseTi adamianebi, romlebsac uamravi pro-blema gaaCniaT da narkotikebs Tavdaviwyebis gamo etanebian. erTis mxriv, aris narkomanTa is ricxvi, romelTac jer kidev ara aqvT gaazrebuli maTi moqmedebis seriozuloba, xolo meore mxriv, arian iseTebic, romlebic iTxoven daxmarebas, mimarTaven ama Tu im organi-zaciebs, dawesebulebebs. adamianis narkotikebisadmi miZaleba gare pi-robebisa da garSemomyofi adamianebisganaa gamowveuli. narkotiks moixmars is adamiani, romelsac uWirs didi tkivilis an gaWirvebis gadalaxva, uWirs ojaxuri an piradi konfliqtebis mogvareba, an, ubralod, adamiani, romelsac dakarguli aqvs sakuTari “me” da ar Seswevs nebisyofa arsebobisaTvis brZola ganagrZos. magram rogorc Cveni eris sulieri mama da moZRvari saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia meore brZanebs: “suliT Zlieri adamiani realurad unda xedavdes im problemebs, romelic dgas rogorc eris, ise pira-dad mis winaSe da ki ar unda gaeqces mas, aramed unda moikribos su-lieri da fizikuri Zala da winaaRmdegoba gauwios mas. im SemTxveva-Si, roca adamiani Rebulobs narkotiks, igi gaurbis problemebs, amas-Tan, ojaxi kargavs Tavis wevrs, da ara marto ojaxi, mTeli saxelm-wifo kargavs pirovnebas, radgan is aRar aris srulyofili wevri Cve-ni sazogadoebisa”. narkomania kacobriobis udidesi ubedurebaa. mas auracxeli ziani moaqvs ara marto adamianebisTvis piradad, aramed sazogadoebisa da erisTvis. am zianis qveS igulisxmeba eris momavlis _ axalgazrdobis rogorc fizikuri, aseve moraluri degradacia, genofondis gadagva-reba, fsiqiurad da fizikurad defeqtur bavSvTa raodenobis mniSvne-lovani zrda, eris inteleqtualuri da zneobrivi potencialis mkve-Tri Semcireba. es aris erT_erTi saSiSi da boroti seni, romelic gansakuTrebiT gavrcelda am saukuneSi mTel msoflioSi. termini narkomania warmosdgeba berZnuli sityvisgan da niSnavs gaSe-Sebas. narkomania narkotikuli nivTierebebis arasamedicino gamoyene-biT ganpirobebuli daavadebaa. narkotikebs uwodeben nebismier qimiurad aqtiur nivTierebas, romelis specifiur gavlenas axdens adamianis centralur nervul sistemaze. nerkotikebs iyeneben im sasiamovno SegrZnebebis gamo, romlebic miRe-bisTanave iCens Tavs: adamiani dgeba karg xasiaTze, aqvs sasiamovno SegrZnebebi, dadebiTi emociebi, xdeba ufro aqtiuri, ar grZnobs daRlilobas, aqvs xilvebi. es efeqtebi e.w. kaifi, xanmoklea da Semdeg iwyeba gamosvlis faza, rasac Semdegi movlenebi aReniSneba: gaxSire-buli an Senelebuli guliscema da sunTqva, momatebuli wneva, oflia-noba, mometebuli sxeulis temperatura, Tavis tkivili, uZiloba, Tav-brusxveva, gulisreva, piris simSrale, xelebis kankali, wonasworobis darRveva. narkotikebis miCeveva iwvevs Semdegs: Zlieri tkivilebi, uZiloba, Zlieri gadaRla, usafuZvlo SiSebi da SfoTva, umadoba, mxedvelobiTi da smeniTi halucinaciebi, narkotikebis mtanjveli sur-vili. narkotikebi angrevs adamianis organizms: tvins da nervul sis-

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temas, gul-RviZls, saWmlis momnelebeli sistemas, Zvlis tvins, ikar-geba cxovrebis interesi, eqvemdebarebi narkotiks. am daavadebisgan ganTavisufleba Zalian Znelia da iSviaTad, rom vinmem SeZlos. xdeba pirovnebis degradacia, SeiZleba ganviTardes paranoia, fsiqozi... nar-kotiki amcirebs adamianis sicocxlis xangrZlivobas: narkomani krimi-nalur garemoSi trialebs, misi sicocxle mudam safrTxeSia, maRalia aiv inicirebis riski, arsebobs zedozirebis saSiSroeba, rac Zalian xSirad iwvevs sikvdils.

istoriuli cnobebi narkotikuli saSualebebis Sesaxeb

narkotikis gavrcelebis istoriis xangrZlivobas ramdenime aTasw-leulis miRma mivyavarT. cnobilia, rom asirielebi, egviptelebi da berZnebi saZile yayaCos jer kidev 3-4 aTasi wlis winaT iyenebdnen. analogiuri saxis Cvenebebi SemorCenilia legendebSi, xelnawrebSi. homerosis “odiseaSi” mSve-nierma elenem, mefe manelas colma, saZile yayaCos nayeni daalevina telemaks. saZile yayaCosa da opiums, rogorc Zliermoqmed saSuale-bebs aRweren berZeni istorikosebi da medikosebi: hipikrate, herodote, aristotele, virgiliusi da sxvebi. zogierTi mkvlevaris mtkicebiT didi moazrovne da filosofosi avi-cena (abu-ali ibn sina, 980-1037) opiumiT mowamvlis Sedegad gardaic-vala. indoeTSi opiumis gavrcelebas aleqsandre makedonelis saxels, zogi arabebis laSqrobebs ukavSirebda. arabTa xelnawerebSi es niv-Tiereba XV saukunidan aris aRwerili. XVI saaukuneSi opiumis samedicino miznebiT gamoyeneba paracelsma, XVII saukuneSi ingliselma eqimma Tomas ridenxemma daiwyes. unda aRi-niSnos, rom XIX saukunis bolomde narkotikebis gamoyeneba saerTaSo-riso problemas ar warmoadgenda, vinaidan igi garkveul periodSi mxolod calkeul qveynebSi iyo gavrcelebuli da am qveynebis adaTad iTvleboda. medicinaSi narkotikuli saSualebebi dayofilia sxvadasxva jgufebad: iseTebi, romlebic gamoiyeneboda da dResac gamoiyeneba samedicino praqtikeSi da iseTebi, romelTa warmoeba akrZalulia da medicinaSic ar gamoiyeneba.

narkotikebi da kanoni

arasmkurnalo mizniT narkotikuli saSualebebis damzadeba da gavr-celeba danaSaulad iTvleba TiTqmis yvela saxelmwifoSi. kanonmde-blobis Tanaxmad mkacrad isjeba narkotikuli saSualebebis ukanono damzadeba, gasaReba, Senaxva, gadatana-gadazidva, gataceba, maTi Semc-veleli mcenareebis moyvana, narkotikebis saxmari “bunagis” mowyoba da sxva. narkotikuli saSualebebis xmarebisaTvis dawesebulia administra-ciuli sasjeli an zog SemTxvevaSi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismge-bloba. narkotikuli saSualebebis ukanono warmoeba da gavrceleba saerTSoriso xasiaTis danaSaulia, radgan igi scildeba erTi saxelmwifos teritorias. amitom am danaSaulTan brZolisaTvis saWi-roa saxelmwifoTa TanamSromloba.

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1961 wels gaeros TaosnobiT miRebulia erTiani konvencia narkotiku-li saSualebebis Sesaxeb. man danaSaulad gamoacxada narkotikuli saSualebebis Semcveli mcenareebis unebarTvod moyvana, maTgan narko-tikuli saSualebebis warmoeba, erTi narkotikisagan meoris damzadeba, narkotikuli saSualebebis yidva-gayidva, maTi xmareba samedicino da-wesebulebebis gareT da arasamkurnalo mizniT. konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebma saTanado kanonmdebloba da mkacri administraciuli zomebi unda gamoiyenon am danaSaulTa aRsakveTad TavianTi terito-riaze.

mecniereba da narkomani

mecnierTa didi jgufi, romelic am problemebze muSaobs, Tvlis, rom narkomani SeiZleba gaxdes yoveli adamiani. amis xelSemwyob winpiro-bad miCneulia is, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi, saqme gvaqvs fizikurad susti da moSlili nervuli sistemis mqone adamianTan. mniSvnelovani amocanaa narkomaniis “riskis jgufis” droulad gamov-lena axalgazrdebSi, upirveles yovlisa ki moswavleTa Soris, radgan es umZimesi seni ZiriTadad axalgazrdobas ASeexo da misi mkveTri ma-tebis tendenciac aSkarad gamoikveTa. mSoblebisa da pedagogebis um-ravlesobas ki mkafio warmodgena ar aqvs narkomaniis warmoSobasa da profilaqtikur RonisZiebebze, an ubralod, ar dafiqrebulan amaze. mozardobis asakSi, gansakuTrebiT intensiurad mimdinareobs pirovne-bis Camoyalibebis procesi, TviTdamkvidrebis, damoukideblobis gze-bisa da saSualebebis Zieba. am periodSi xdeba moTxovnilebaTa sabo-loo integracia, rac gansazRvravs pirovnebis struqturas. bunebrivia, rom yovelive es ganapirobebs mozardis fsiqikis daZabvas, Tavis gamo-Cenisadmi swrafvas. ismeba kiTxva: SeuZlia Tu ara mozards daimkvi-dros Sinaarsiani, socialurad aucilebeli da mimzidveli yofa? aqvs mas saSualeba daikmayofilos damoukideblobis moTxovnileba? samwuxarod, aseTi SesaZlebloba gaaCniaT mxolod im bavSvebs, visma mSoblebmac ise moawyves cxovreba, rom mSobelTaTvis daxmarebis ga-weva, iniciativa, sameurneo saqmianobaSi CarTva bavSvis sasicocxlo moTxovnilebad iqca. magram, aseTi variantebi ufro gamonaklisia, vi-dre sayovelTao norma. amrigad, mozardis asakobrivi Sinagani SesaZ-leblobebi da moTxovnilebebi xSirad ejaxeba realur SesaZleblo-baTa siRaribes. mozards aRar SeuZlia gansazRvros sakuTari cxovre-bis azri, rac Tavisebur vakuums qmnis mis sulSi. es sicariele auci-leblad unda Seivsos, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi TiTqmis gardauvalia mozardis emociuri neitraloba da apaTia. bunebrivia, aseTi sulieri ganwyoba TavisTavad ewinaaRmdegeba individis qmedebis da TviTdamkvi-drebis moTxovnebs, iwvevs daZabulobas, fsiqikas “maZieblur” mdgoma-reobaSi gadasvlas, daukmayofileblobas, dards, TviTdamkvidrebis farul survils. radgan mozardis moTxovnileba ver kmayofildeba damoukidebeli Se-moqmedebiTi aqtivobiT, misi interesi TandaTanobiT gadainacvlebs “ioli” cxovrebis, anu usaqmurobis sferoSi. misTvis TandaTan igi iq-ceva sulieri moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis arealad. mozards uCn-deba narkotikis “gasinjvis” survili im imediT, rom swrafad da efeqturad miaRwevs “tkbobas”. amas adasturebs specialuri gamokvle-

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vebi. narkomaniis fonze Cadenil samarTaldarRvevaTa tipiuri mizezia siamovnebis dauyovneblad miRwevis gazrdili survilia, rasac sa-fuZvlad udevs unebisyofoba, “akrZaluli xilisadmi” ltolva da sxva mravali faqtori. mozardebSi narkomaniis warmoSobis Zlieri xalSemwyobi faqtorebia: bavSvis araswori aRzrda, nervuli sistemis funqciuri gadaxra. “zemzrunveloba”, anu mSoblebis mcdeloba, daifaron Svilebi yo-velgvari siZneleebisgan da daukmayofilon yvela moTxovna, bavSvi mihyavs ususurobamde. aseTi bavSvebi garSemomyofTagan elodebian yvela survilis aucilebel Sesrulebas. warmoqmnili fsiqikuri dis-komfortis moxsnis cda zrdasrulebSi “damcavi” meqanizmebis CarTvas iwvevs, arasrulwlovanSi ki aRZravs fsiqotravmul situacias, rac baTildeba narkotikebis miRebiT. aseTi situaciis mizezi SeiZleba iyos “zemzrunvelobac” da piriqiT, bavSvisadmi gulgrili, uzrunve-li, usiyvarulo, zogjer sastiki damokidebulebac. aseT mdgomareoba-Si Cavardnili bavvSvebi, ufrosebisagan gansxvavebiT, gacilebiT adre, TiTqmis dauyovnebliv iwyeben gamosavlis Ziebas, emociuri daZabulo-bis moxsnis saSualebebs.

narkotikuli saSualebebis moqmedeba organizmze

narkotikuli saSualebebis miReba organizmSi iwvevs uamrav avadmyo-fur cvlilebas. gansakuTrebiT ziandeba nervuli sistema. narkotiku-li saSualebebis xangrZlivi xmarebis Sedegad viTardeba narkomanii-saTvis damaxasiaTebeli Semdegi niSnebi:

• narkotikuli nivTierebebis ganmeorebiTi miRebis dauZleveli moTxovnileba da miswrafeba misi Sovnisadmi, rasac ewodeba narkotikuli saSualebebis mimarT e.w. fsiqikuri damokidebule-ba.

• abstinenciuri sindromi – fizikuri damokidebuleba, rac mdgo-mareobs SemdegSi: Tu garkveul vadaSi ar miiRebs misTvis Cveul narkotikul preparats, ganviTardeba e.w. “SimSilis” mdgomareo-ba mTeli rigi damaxasiaTebeli fizikuri da fsiqikuri niSne-biT.

• organizmis “SeCveva” narkotikuli preparatebisadmi, ris gamoc saWiro xdeba dozebis TandaTan momateba.

narkotikui nivTierebebi moqmedeben adamianis nervul ujredebze da iwveven maT daRupvas, rac adamianis sulier dagradacias iwvevs. ro-gorc logikuri Sedegi, - xdeba pirovnebis gadagvareba. paralelurad Sxami moqmedebs adamianis Sinagan organoebze – gulze, RviZlze, Tirkmelebze, kuW-nawlavze da sxva. cnobilia rom 1% morfiumis 20-25 ampula “Cveulebrivi” adamianisaTvis sasikvdilo dozad iTvleba, magram miCvevis SemTxvevaSi es doza nar-komanze aRar moqmedebs. droTa ganmavlobaSi es miCveva iwvevs orga-nizmis qronikul intoqsikacias, e.i. iseT mdgomareobas, rodesac mor-fini organizmSi mTlianad ar iSleba da moqmedebs toqsikurad. es ki, iwvevs arsebiTi xasiaTis fizikur cvlilebebs: irRveva naxSirwylova-ni balansi, iwyeba kanis simSrale, igi moyviTalo-miwisfers iZens, kbilebis kariesi, gugebi mkveTrad viwrovdeba, qveiTdeba sisxlis wne-va, majiscema, refleqsebi.

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narkomanebs aReniSnebaT asTmuri movlenebi, iwyeba Sexurvebisa da Semcivnebis SegrZnebebi, viTardeba uZiloba, xSiri fizikuri mtkiv-neuli SegrZnebebi, metyveleba gaugebari xdeba, moZraobebi qaoturi da meryevi. gansakuTrebiT gamoixateba fsiqiuri movlenebi: miswrafebebisa da aq-tivobis Sesusteba, daRlilobis SegrZneba, gaRizianebadoba, apaTiuri gunaba-ganwyobileba. saerTod morfiumis moqmedeba organizmze 5-6 saaTis Semdeg qreba, amis Semdeg ki iwyeba Sxamisadmi SimSili. fsiqikis mxriv ki aRsaniSnavia gamoxatuli uguneboba, TviTmkvlelo-bis azrebi, agresiuli tendenciebi, fsiqomotoruli mousvenroba. narkotikebs uamravi adamianis sicocxle Seewira. sakmarisia, gavixse-noT genialuri musikosi bob marli, romelsac kibos metastazebi mTel sxeulSi hqonda modebuli. aranormaluri dozebis gamo ki or-ganizms brZolisunarianoba daqveiTeboda.

gTavazobT amonarids irakli Carkvianis wignidan “mSvidi curva”: ”...Cemi “oxeri” Taoba, ase vuwodeb mas, anu gagarinelebi, gulis siRr-meSi imiT vamayobdiT, rom Ceveni kumiri jimi hendriqsi heroinis didi dozisagan gaipara. am sityvas vxmarobdiT maSin da swored es oxeri sityva Seicavda yovelive imas, rac ase gvizidavda: warmatebas, crem-lebs, siamovnebas, protests im damJavebuli realobis mimarT, rome-lic vasil pavles Ze mJavanaZem daamJava, warbebiani breJnevis miTiTe-biT, ra Tqma unda. mokled Cven yvelas gaparva gvindoda, amitom bevri gagarineli swored rom gaipara; maSin CvenSi heroini ar Semodioda da anhidridis mJavac ar arsebobda, amotom opiums yovelgvari gasufTa-vebis gareSe vikeTebdiT. es ki imis tolfasia, rom trotilis yumbara aifeTqo TavSi. Tu gadarCi Sens Semdgom mdgomareobas kaifi SeiZleba daerqvas. anhidridis aRmoCenamde bevri Cvengani swored am afeTqebis msxverpli gaxda.... Cveni Taobis albaT orasze meti biWi Seewira nar-kotikul afeTqebas...”

albaT yvelas axsovs saocari, genialuri musikosi daviT oZelaSvili metsaxelad “oZela”. is virtuozulad ukravda fleitaze. am instru-mentze Sesrulebisas mniSvnelovania tuCebisa da sunTqvis marTvis sistebis srulyofili floba. daTom piris moZraobisa da Cabervis sakuTari teqnika gamoimuSava. iswavla sunTqva ise, rom dakvrisas bge-ra ar wydeba. garda amisa, iogas varjiSebis meSveobiT SeimuSava sunTqvis teqnika pirdapir diafragmida. rac udidesi nebisyofis nayo-fia, magram aseTi nebisyofis patronic ki uZluri aRmoCnda narkoti-kebis mimarT da cdunebas ver gauZlo.

msoflioSi uamravi klinika da sareabilitacio centri arsebobs nar-komanebis dasaxmareblad. erT-erTi aseTia “medousi”. es samkurnalo kompleqsi ramdenime nagebobebisagan Sedgeba, romelic maRali Robi-Taa garSemortymuli da SeiaraRebuli dacva yaraulobs. gare samya-rosTan kontaqti SezRudulia: centrSi ar aris televizori, gazeTebi da Jurnalebi, mobileri telefonic ki akZalulia. klinikaSi Cacmis mkacri kodeqsic ki moqmedebs: pacientebs Tavisufali maisurebi da tomris msgavsi Sarvlebi acviaT. am dawesebulebaSi Sida sacvlebic ki mkacri formisa da ferisaa. savadmyofoSi uamravi cnobili adamiani gadioda sareabilitacio kurss: keiT mosi, el makfersoni, rolling stones-is gitaristi roni vudi, holi beris qmari erik beneti da sxva.

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msgavsi dawesebuleba espaneTSi gaixsna. is, rac axla CvenTan xdeba, espanelebma 30 wlis win gadaitanes. swored am dros gaCnda gaerTia-nebebi, sadac narkomanebi TviTon cdilobdnen TavianTi Tavis da gzas acdenili TanamoZmeebis daxmarebas. es klinika ar aris dakavebuli “tvinis wmendiT”. warsuli warsuls bardeba da avadmyofebi awmyoTi cxovroben. klinikaSi ar aris fuli da Rirebuli nivTebi. iq verafers moiparav. aTasobiT kilometris radiusSi ar aris adgilebi sadac narkotikis SeZena SeiZleba. orkviriani karantinis Semdeg avadmyofi iwyebs xilis baRebSi muSaobas. kursi erTwliania da jerjerobiT as-procentian Sedegs iZleva.

narkomania saqarTveloSi

oficialuri monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi registrirebulia 24 aTasi narkomaniiT daavadebuli adamiani. araoficialuri statistikiT ki es ricxvi 200 aTasamde aRwevs. kidev ufro SemaSfoTebelia amerikis saxelmwifo departamentis mier internetiT gavrcelebuli informa-cia, romlis mixedviTac 2004 wels saqarTveloSi 270 aTasi narkomani cxovrobda.

Sromis, JanmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis ministris daqvemdebare-baSi myofi uwyeba, saxelmwifo narkopolitikis ganmsazRvreli sabWo adasturebs, rom bolo xanebSi gansakuTrebiT gaizarda suboteqsiTa da mozardebSi marixuanas momxmarebelTa raodenoba. maTive TqmiT, gaizarda qal da arasrulwlovan narkomanTa ricxvic. samwuxarod, qveyanaSi ar arsebobs narkomanTa sareabilitacio arc erTi centri, sadac daavadebul pacientTa mkurnaoba moxdeba. zogadsaganmanaTle-blo skolebSi TiTqmis ar xdeba moswavleTa informireba narkotiku-li saSualebebis mavneblobasTan dakavSirebiT. yovelive aqedan ga-momdinare Sedegi saxezea: narkotikebis momxmarebelTa raaodenoba yo-velqRiurad matulobs.

narkotikebisagan Tavis daRweva SesaZlebelia, Tumca es SeiZleba mox-des Zalian rTuli da xangrZlivi mkurnalobis Sedegad. individma Ta-vadve unda gaacnobieros narkotikebis negatiuroba. Cvens qveyanaSi ar-sebobs narkomaniisgan gankurnebul adamianTa garkveuli raodenoba.

narkomanTa sareabilitacio centrebis Sexmna saxelmwifo narkopoli-tikis ganmsazRvreli sabWos erT-erTi prioritetuli sakiTxia. amJamad mimdinareoba msjeloba da uaxloes momavalSi sapatriarqos daxmare-biT gaixsneba narkomanTa sareabilitacio erTi piloturi klinika. imdenad didia moTxovnileba klinikis arsebobisadmi narkomaniiT daa-vadebulTa mxridan, rom mxolod erTi klinikis arseboba sakmarisi ar iqneba. imedia, xelisuflebis daxmarebiT aseTi klinikebi qveynis sxva qalaqebSic gaixsneba.

ana grigolia q. Tbilisis 186-e sajaro skolis moswavle q. Tbilisis bavSvTa sakrebulos deputati

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1. profesor yaraman faRavas naSromi “narkomania” 2. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmindesi da une-

taresi, ilia II-is sityva 3. irakli Carkvianis wigni “mSvidi curva” 4. gazeTi: “La Republica” 5. gazeTi: “24 saaTi”

6. Jurnali: ”журнал нового тисячелетиа” 2000г. 7. veb gverdi: http://antinarcotics.ge/ 8. veb gverdi: http://www.voanews.com/

ana grigolia

narkomania: daavadeba Tu danaSauli

reziume

naSromi exeba narkomanias da sazogadoebis damokidebulebas narko-manebisadmi. dRes aravin daobs, rom narkomania daavadebaa, magram nar-komanebi udides safrTxes warmoadgenen sazogadoebisaTvis.TemaSi aseve mocemulia istoriuli cnobebi narkotikebis gavrcelebis Ses-axeb; kanonis damokidebuleba narkomaniisadmi da ganxilulia narkotikebis damangreveli zemoqmedeba organizmze. mecnierebi Tvlian, rom narkomani SeiZleba gaxdes nebismieri adamiani. narkotikebisgan Tavis daRweva SesaZlebelia da es SeiZleba moxdes xangrZlivi mkurnalobis Sedegad, saxelmwifo narkopolitikis siste-matiurad ganxorcielebis safuZvelze.

Анна Григолия Наркотики: болезнь или преступление

Резюме

Эта работа - о наркотиках и об отношении людей к пользователям наркотиков. Никто не сомневается в настоящее время, что использование наркотиков - болезнь, но эта болезнь причиняет большой вред нашему обществу. Работа включает исторические факты о развитии наркотиков, законы относительно наркоманов, наркотиков и их ужасного влияния на здоровье человека. Учëные полагают, что любой человек может стать пользователем наркотиков. Возможно избежать использовать их, но это может случиться только в результате длительного лечения.

http://antinarcotics.ge/

http://www.voanews.com/

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Ann Grigolia

Drug addiction: disease or crime

The Summary This work is about drugs and the attitude of the people to the drugs’ users. Nobody doubts nowadays that the usage of the drugs is a disease, but they do great harm to our society. The work includes historic facts about the development of the drugs, laws concerning drugs’ ad-dicts and their terrible influence on the human’s health. The scientists think that any person can become the user of the drugs. It’s possible to avoid using them but it can happen only as a result of durable treatment.

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akaki CalaTaSvili

narkotikis ziani adamianisaTvis da misi prevenciuli gzebi narkotikuli nivTierebis Semotana da gavrceleba saqarTveloSi erT-erTi yvelaze aqtualuri sakiTxia, romelic dRemde gadauWrel pro-blemad iqca. miuxedavad kanoniT akrZalvisa, ar mcirdeba narkoimpor-tiorTa da gamsaRebelTa ricxvi. narkotiki aris iseTi nivTiereba, romelic adamianze moqmedebs ro-gorc fsiqotropuli saSualeba. e.w ,,wamali” uaryofiT zemoqmedebas axdens adamianis centralur nervul sistemaze, riTac aixsneba narko-manebSi halucinaciebi. ratom ikeTeben narkotiks? pasuxi sakmaod primitiulia, magram CvenT-vis gaugebari. narkotikebs iyeneben im sasiamovno SegrZnebebis gamo, romelsac grZnobs narkomani e.w ,,kaifis” dros: adamiani xdeba ufro bednieri, gaxarebuli, dgeba karg xasiaTze, tvinSi mxolod dadebiTi emociebi umoZravebs, ver grZnobs daRlilobas, ewyeba gaurkveveli saxis xilvebi. e.w. ,,kaifis” Semdgomi faza aris gamosvlis stadia. am dros narkomans aReniSneba Tavbrusxveva, uZluroba, uxalisoba. guliscemis tempi icvleba, ewyeba oflianoba, uZilobisa da gulisrevis SegrZneba, simSrale piris RruSi, konvulsia. tvinSi am dros irTveba e.w TviT-gadarCenis meqanizmi. am dros narkomani fiqrobs mxolod narkotikze, mis Sovnasa da momdevno ,,kaifze’’, anu abstenciaze. narkotikebis miCveva iwvevs uZilobas, Zlier tkivilebs mTel organiz-mSi, usafuZvlo SiSebs, kuWnawlavis moqmedebis daqveiTebas. igi an-grevs mTel organizms, maT Soris pirvel rigSi centralur nervul sistemas, tvins, saWmlis momnelebel sistemas mTlianad, Zvlis tvins da sasqeso organoebis qmediTunarianobas. narkotikul, anu fsiqotropul saSualebas gaaCnia Tviseba imoqmedon adamianze da gamoiwvion fizikuri da fsiqikuri miCveva-damokidebuleba. mecnieruli xedviT, am dros adamiani zarmacdeba, ecvleba damokidebuleba samyarosadmi, aRar ainteresebs garemoSi arsebuli sxva saxis siamovnebis momtani movlenebi, aRar adardebs megobrebi da ojaxic ki. misi tvini gadarTulia narkotikebis Ziebaze. fizikur damokidebulebas im fiziologiuri meqanizmebis darRveva ga-napirobebs, romelic uzrunvelyofen siamovnebis, anu kaifis process. bolo 2-3 wlis manZilze narkotikebis arCevanis gazrdasTan erTad imata masze damokidebuli axalgazrdebis ricxvmac da ramodenime aseuli aTasi Seadgina. mozardebi, romlebic diskoTekebze da sxva gasarTob RonisZiebebze dadian, svamen ,,eqstazs” energiis matebisaT-vis. maT hgoniaT, rom erTi abi savsebiT uuvnebelia, magram, rogorc eqspertebi gvimtkiceben, SeuZlia sikvdilic ki gamoiwvios. sainteresoa mecnierebis mier Catarebuli kvlevebi narkologiur dargSi.

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italieli mecnierebi sami wlis manZilze atarebdnen kvlevebsa da cdebs cxovelebze. maT organizmSi ineqciis gziT SeyavdaT eqstazi da kokaini. cdebis Sedegad dadginda, rom aRniSnuli fsiqotropuli niv-Tierebebi iwveven aramarto fizikur da fsiqikur damokidebulebasa da kibos, aramed genetikur mutacias. am SedegiT, italieli mecnierebi gancvifrebuli darCnen, radgan cdebma daadastura, rom kokaini da eqstazi gacilebiT saSiSni yofilan, vidre manamde egona msoflios. kidev erTi saintereso gamokvleva Caatares axal zelandielma mec-nierebma. Sedegebma cxadhyo, rom kanabisis saxeliT cnobili narkoti-ki ufro sazianoa, vidre 5 Reri sigareti. eqsperimentSi monawileobda samasze meti moxalise. kanabisis mwevelebs aReniSnebodaT Zlieri xveleba, qSena da tkivili gul-mkerdis areSi. minda yuradReba gavamaxvilo ,,mmarTav narkotikze”. am sakiTxTan da-kavSirebiT amerikis erT-erT StatSi Caatares kvleva. mowveul iqnen moxaliseebi da hkiTxes SeZlebdnen Tu ara isini kacis mokvlas. pa-suxi yvela SemTxvevaSi uaryofiTi iyo. magram mecnierebis mier Cata-rebulma kvlevebma daamtkica, rom isini cdebodnen. maT sxeulSi Seuy-vanes nivTiereba, romelic mTlianad akontrolebda adamianis tvins, mis azrovnebasa da qcevebs. amave dros aRsaniSnavia, rom e.w ,,gaWirvebuli narkomani” umetes SemTxvevaSi iyenebs sxvis mier ukve gamoyenebul erTjerad Sprics. swored es aris yvelaze didi risk-faqtori iseTi saSiSi daavadebebis gavrcelebisa, rogoric aris Sidsi, C-hepatiti da sxva. aseve, yuradRebis Rirsad minda miviCnio is damokidebuleba narkomani-sadmi, romelsac avlenen misi garSemomyofebi. megobrebs, axloblebs da ojaxsac ki ecvleba misdami damokidebuleba, zogjer zizRiTac ki uyureben mas, zogjer sinanuliT, aRar undaT masTan kontaqti, eride-bian da cdiloben Tavi Sors daiWiron, aRar endobian mas. raRaTqma unda narkomani xedavs amas, magram arsebiT yuredRebas ar aqcevs. Se-degad, igi kargavs bevrs, visac igi uyvarda. aseTi narkomani xSirad xdeba sazogadoebisagan gariyuli. dabolos, narkotikuli nivTierebebis arasamedicino mizniT gamoyeneba TviTmkvlelobaa da es xSirad unda gamocxaddes Tundac televiziis saSualebiT xmamaRla aramarto narkomanTa, aramed mTeli eris gasa-goand.

prevencia dRes, mTel msoflioSi narkotikebis winaaRmdeg darazmulia samTav-robo, arasamTavro, samxedro, samedicino, inteleqtualuri da samar-Taldamcavi gzebi. aseve efeqturad muSaobs media. gaeros monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi narkomanTa ricxvi sagangaSoa-daaxloebiT 250-350 aTasi adamiani. es maCvenebeli wina wlebTan Seda-rebiT 70%-iT gaizarda. eqspertTa monacemebiT, saqarTvelo narkoman-Ta raodenobiT lideria evropasa da aziaSi. gaizarda aseve narkoman-Ta mier Cadenili danaSaulis ricxvi. saqarTvelos parlamentma uamravi kanoni gamosca saqarTveloSi nar-komanTa da narkoimportiorTa ricxvis Sesamcireblad, miRebul iqna

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axali koncefciebi, romlebic ase Tu ise, amarTlebs. magram samwuxa-rod, es arasakmarisia. aucilebelia xalxis informireba, radgan gai-gon, Tu rogori sazianoa es XXI saukunis globaluri seni mTeli ka-cobriobisaTvis. prevenciuli zomebi SeiZleba davyoT orad: pirovnuli da garemo. pirovnul prevenciaSi igulisxmeba TviT adamiani. mas Tavad SeuZlia warmarTos sakuTari momavali, airCios swori gza da icxovros cxov-rebis jansaRi wesiT. aseve aucilebelia nebisyofa, radgan am SemTxve-vaSi igi wyvitavs adamianis beds. aseTi adamianis dainficireba narko-maniiT ufro rTulia. garemo faqtoruli prevenciis saxeebad miCneuli maqvs ramodenime faqtori: ojaxi, skola, saintereso saqmianoba, anu hobi, eklesia, da-saqmeba da rac erTerTi yvelaze mTavaria-saxelmwifo kontroli. narkotikisagan Tavis arideba adreuli asakidan unda daiwyos. ojaxma unda uzrunvelyos bavSvis usafrTxoeba da acnobos bavSvs narkotikis zianis Sesaxeb. saubari unda iyos rac SeiZleba gamartivebul enaze, bavSvma rom kargad gaigos da aiTvisos. mSoblebma adreuli asakidan unda daiwyon fiqri bavSvis momavalze. raRaTqma unda, SeuZlebelia SeurCion Svils samegobro wre, magram garkveulad SeuZliaT zemoqme-deba. aseve didi roli uWiravs skolas. skolaSi bavSvi swavlobs yvela-fers, rasac xedavs. am dros aucilebelia mis fsiqikasTan saTuTi mo-pyroba. maswavlebeli aramxolod unda aswavlides sagans, aramed unda Caunergos moswavleebs narkotikis zizRi. rogorc Cans, es meTodi ar amarTlebs: saqarTveloSi maRali klasebis 30% ukve gasinjuli aqvs narkotiki-iuwyebian mkvlevarebi. skolaSi, Cemi azriT, SeuZlebelia Tundac sigaretis Setanis akrZalva. moswavle mainc iyidis da mowevs. magram aris erTi gamosavali: xSirad Catardes moswavleebis Semowme-ba, rasac uzrunvelyofs ara samarTaldamcavi organos warmomadgen-lebi, aramed skolis mmarTveloba. narkotikisgan Tavis aridebis saSualeba saintereso saqiamonobiT dakavebaa, Tundac es SeiZleba iyos sporti. rogorc cnobilia, sportsmenebi TiTqmis ar avaddebian narkomaniis seniT. kidev erTi saSualeba, romelic dReisaTvis aramxolod narkomanebs exeba, aramed mTel xalxs, aris dasaqmeba. me mimaCnia es sakamod efeq-turad, radgan adamians eqneba samuSao, eqneba fuli da arc ki moi-fiqrebs narkotikebis yidvas, Tu igi ar aris cnobismoyvare da ar ainteresebs narkotikis gemo. eklesia sakamod didi xania ase vTqvaT, ebrZvis narkomanias. rodesac adamiani eklesiuria, xSirad kiTxulobs locvebs, hyavs sakuTari moZRvari da cdilobs RvTis gzaze iaros, igi arasdros gaikeTebs wa-mals, radgan misi fsiqika amas ar miiRebs. sapatriarqo xSirad awyobs konkursebs, konferenciebs da sxva Ronis-Ziebebs narkomaniis winaaRmdeg.

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da yvelaze mTavari gza narkotikebis winaaRmdeg aris saxelmwifo kontroli da gegmebi. rogorc ukve ganvacxade, saqarTvelos parlamentSi miRebul iqna ka-nonebi, romlebic mizanmimarTulia saqarTveloSi narkomaniis ganad-gurebisaken. samarTaldamcavi struqturebic sakmaod aqtiurad muSao-ben am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. aris garkveuli progresic, magram sa-Wiroa rom prevenciis samoqmedo gegmaSi mTeli saqarTvelo Caebas. seriozuli nabiji, romelic mTavrobam gadadga, iyo pirveladi pre-venciis gegma. pirveladi prevenciis samoqmedo gegma koordinirebulia erovnuli an-tinarkotikuli strategiis ZiriTad miznebTan. pirveladi prevenciis mizania saqarTvelos teritoriaze narkotikebis zrdis aRkveTa cxov-rebis jansaRi wesis qadagebiT, Sesabamisi informaciis miwodebiT, pi-rad cxovrebaze piradi pasuxismgeblobis gaZlierebiT, TviTrwmenis gaZlierebiT da pozitiuri xasiaTis magaliTebisa da alternativebis SeTavazebiT. amis garda, gegmaSia patara soflebis aSeneba, sadac mxolod narkoma-nebi icxovreben. erTerTi aseTi proeqti klinika ,,profesionals” ekuTvnis. aseT sofelSi daaxloebiT 1-3 Tvemde icxovrebs aTasamde piri, romlebsac kompleqsuri sareabilitacio kursi gaewevaT. proeqtSi mniSvnelovani adgili eWireba SromaTerapias da kabernis samonastro kompleqsis aRdgenas narkomanTa mier. rogorc amboben, aseTi sofeli sakmaod efeqturi iqneba: narkomani Sexedavs samyaros sxva TvalebiT, gaxdeba ufro eklesiuri da Sromismoyvare. aseTi soflebi ukve Seqmnilia msoflios mraval qveyanaSi da warma-tebiTac funqcionirebs. amis magvari erT-erTi sofeli espaneTSicaa. igi dasaxlebuli punqti-dan sakamod Sorsaa da mTlianad izolirebulia garesamyarosgan. er-Ti Tvis Semdeg iqauri macxovrebeli iwyebs muSaobas baRSi. kursi erTwliania da jerjerobiT asprocentian Sedegs iZleva, xolo sa-qarTveloSi TiTqmis igive gegmas gvTavazobs centri ,,Tanadgoma”. yuradRebis Rirsia jandacvis saministros mier dawyebuli programa, romelic iTvaliswinebs narkotikis metadoniT Canacvlebas. programa warmatebiT mimdinareobs da ukve 140-ze meti adamiani gadis metadoniT mkurnalobas. Cemi azriT, narkotikebis prevenciisaTvis unda arsebobdes ufro mZlavri meqanizmi: xSirad unda gavides televizorSi antinarkotiku-li reklamebi, unda gaSuqdes es sakiTxi maqsimalurad obieqturad. aseve popularizeba unda gaukeTdes TviT sareabilitacio centrebs. Sedegad narkomanebs moexsnebaT SiSi da kompleqsi am dawesebulebebSi misvlisa. ase rom, seriozuli nabijebia gadadgmuli win, mTavaria maTi xorcSesxma. dabolos

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arsebobs bevri miTi narkomaniasTan dakavSirebiT: miTi: vinc wamals ikeTebs, is ,,kai tipia” realurad: Tu es adamiani odesRac kai tipi iyo, is narkotikebma Sec-vales. miTi: narkotiki adamians aTavisuflebs. faqti: narkotiki adamians marTlac aTavisuflebs yvela cxovrebi-seuli siamovnebisagan. miTi: yovelTvis SeiZleba narkotikebze uaris Tqma. realoba: narkotikebze uaris Tqma SeiZleba mxolod erTxel-pirvelad.

akaki CalaTaSvili

q. Tbilisis #61 sajaro skolis moswavle q. Tbilisis bavSvTa sakrebulos deputati


1. samecniero-praqtikuli Jurnali ,,kriminologi” #1, 2. saqarTvelo Tbilisi, 2007 3. saqarTvelos jandacvis saministro: http://www.molhsa.ge

http://www.moh.gov.ge http://www.medportal.ge

4. sazogadoebrivi jandacvis departamenti: http://www.phd.gol.ge

5. Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedicino universiteti: http://www.tsmu.edu

6. gazeTi 24 saaTi: http://www.24saati.ge

7. Tbilisis forumi: http://www.forum.ge

8. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo: http://www.orthodoxy.ge

http://www.molhsa.ge/

http://www.molhsa.ge/

http://www.moh.gov.ge/

http://www.medportal.ge/

http://www.phd.gol.ge/

http://www.tsmu.edu/

http://www.24saati.ge/

http://www.forum.ge/

http://www.orthodoxy.ge/

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akaki CalaTaSvili

narkotikis ziani adamianisaTvis da misi prevenciuli gzebi

reziume: narkomania- XXI saukunis kacobriobis safrTxea, romelsac msoflios yvela qveyana ebrZvis. rogorc ukve mogaxseneT, narkotiks adamianisaT-vis kargi araferi moaqvs, misi gamoyenebas xSirad letaluri Sedegi moaqvs. milionobiT adamiani momkvdara am seniT da es procesi dResac grZeldeba. aucilebelia rogorme misi SeCereba. Cvens mier dasaxele-buli prevenciuli zomebi (ojaxis gavlena, samegorbo wre, skola, hobi da gansakuTrebiT eklesia, aseve saxelmwifo kontrolis udidesi mniSvneloba) mimaCnia saukeTeso variantad, radgan swored es faqtorebi SeZleben narkomanebis raodenobis Semcirebas, aucilebelia aqtiuri muSaoba am sakiTxebze. Cndeba kiTxva, Tu ratom ar aris es zomebi efeqturi dRes. mimaCnia, rom dReisaTvis am problemas arasak-marisi yuradReba eqceva. pirvel rigSi mis daZlevas esaWiroeba didZali materialuri saxsrebi, romelic dReisaTvis saqarTvelos arasakmarisi aqvs. aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom sazogadoebas ar aqvs bolomde gacnobierebuli am problemis simwvave. garkveul wilad amas quCis faqtori da gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdobis dausaqmebloba uwyobs xels. amisaTvis aucilebelia am mimarTulebiT muSaoba, rac, Cemi azriT, xels Seuwyobs narkomanTa ricxvis Semcirebas da per-speqtivaSi mis damarcxebas.

Акаки Чалаташвили

Ущерб от наркотика и превентивные меры

Резюме:

Наркомания-это угроза человечества XXI века, с которым борется целый мир. Как было вышесказанно, наркотик нечего хорошего не приносит людям. Его применение часто приводит к летальному исходу. Миллионы людей умирали от этой ужасной болезни и процесс продолжается. Необходимо это остановить. Нами предложенны превентивные меры (влияние семьи, круг друзей, школа, хоби и особенно церковь, а также огромное значение государственного контроля). Полагаю именно эти факторы будут способствовать уменьшению количества наркоманов. Обязательным фактором является активная работа. Встаёт вопрос, почему эти меры неэффективны на сегоднящий день. Считаю, что на данном этапе на эту проблему обращается недостаточное внимание. Для устранения этой проблемы в первую очередь необходимы большие материальные средства, которых, к сожалению в нашем государстве недостаточно. Нужно учесть и то, что общественность неполностью осознаёт остроту этой проблемы, а также ,,фактор улицы“ и особенно нетрудоустройство молодёжи. Необходима работа в этом направлении, что уменьшит количество наркоманов и в конечном итоге будет способствовать избавлению от этой ужасной болезни-наркомании.

102

Akaki Chalatashvili

The harm from drugs and the preventive ways

The Summary

The world of the 21st. century runs the risk of drug addiction and every country stands against it. As I’ve already mentioned, there is nothing positive in drugs and using them often has a fatal end. Millions of people have died with this disease, but the progress still continues. I’ve named some preventive ways (influence of the family, friends, school, hobby and especially church, also the huge significance of the state control ) which I think are the best. There is a question why aren’t these factors effective nowadays? In my opinion, less attention is paid to them today. On the one hand, to overcome this problem a big amount of money is needed, but all avail-able funds aren’t enough. One the other hand, not everybody understands the whole acuity of this problem. I would like to say it again and again, each of us must try to find the right way out, in order to decrease the number of drug addicts and finally gain a victory over the enemy of the world-DRUGS.

103

marina kvaWaZe

komentarebi saqarTveloSi narkomaniasTan brZolis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb

organizebuli danaSaulis da misi erT-erTi yvelaze saSiSi gamov-linebis narkomaniasTan brZolis mniSvenlobaze araerTi monografia, statiaTa cikli, samecniero Sromaa gamoqveynebuli saqarTveloSi. ma-gram Tu gadavxedavT maT umetesobas, isini ZiriTadad sisxlis samarTlis sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebs eZRvneba da TiTqmis iSviaTad ganixilavs anti-narkotikuli kanonmdeblobis garemos, narkomaniasTan brZolis kanonmdeblobas mxolod samarTlis prizmaSi da anti-narkotkuli strategiidan mowyvetiT moiazrebs. am ukanasknel periodSi SeimCneva problemis mimarT sxvagvari midgoma. kerZod, narkomaniasTan brZolis kanonmdeblobis problemebis ganxilvas win uZRvis anti-narkotikuli strategiis konceptualuri ganxilva da mis safuZvelze saknanmdeblo winadadebebis SemuSaveba. statiaSi vecdebiT warmovadginoT narkomaniasTan brZolis sxvadasxva midgomebi, romlebic ganixileba dRes saqarTveloSi (da ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi, ucxoeTis qveynebSi). aqve ganxiluli iqneba saxelmwifos mier SemoTavazebuli anti-narkotikuli strategia, sazRvargareTis gamocdileba da am fonze SemuSavebuli sakanonmdeblo winadadebebi.9 xSirad miuTiTeben imaze, rom postsabWour periodSi amierkavkasiis qveynebi gadaiqcnen narkotikebis tranzitis qveynebad. ukontrolo saxelmwifo sazRvrebi da teritoriebi, am periodSi ganviTarebuli samoqalaqo omebi da konfliqtis kerebis gaCena, organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufebis TareSi, socialur-ekonomikuri siduxWire, umuSevroba da sxva mravali faqtori, xels uwyobda am saxelmwifoebSi narkobiznesis ganviTarebis da narkotikebis momxmarebelTa raodenobis gazrdas. am danaSaulis gafarToebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, samive saxelmwifom gadadga mniSvnelovani nabijebi. samxreT kavkasiis saxelmwifoebma 1992-2003 wlebSi moaxdines gaeros samive mniSvnelovani konvenciis10 ratificireba da ikisres garkveuli valdebulebebi. aRniSnuli konvenciebis moTxovnaTa Sesrulebis mizniT samxreT kavkasiis qveynebma ganaxorcieles Tavis kanonmdeblobaSi saerTaSoriso normebis implementacia da Seqmnes maTi aRsrulebis meqanizmebi (SemuSavda sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, Seiqmna specializirebuli komitetebi, komisiebi). 11 saqarTveloSi saxelmwifos anti-narkotikul strategiamde SemuSavebuli iqna narkomaniasTan brZolis 2 ZiriTadi strategia. saxelmwifo narkopolitikis ganmsazRvreli sabWos mier SemuSavebuli programa Seexeboda saqarTveloSi narkomaniis daZlevis sakiTxebs da

10 statiaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi gamoyenebuli iqna saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis mier warmodgenil sakanonmdeblo winadadebebSi. 11 gaeros 1961 wlis erTiani konvencia narkotikul saSualebaTa Sesaxeb, gae-ros 1971 wlis konvencia fsiqotropul nivTierebaTa Sesaxeb da gaeros 1988 wlis konvencia “narkotikuli saSualebebisa dafsiqotropuli nivTierebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg”. 11 Drug Situation in South Caucasus (Annual Report) 2004. p. 15.

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am mizniT gasatarebel ZiriTad RonisZiebebs, koncefcias Tan erTvis sakanonmdeblo winadadebaTa paketi. amave dros arasamTavrobo organizacia “alternativa-jorjias” mier Camoyalibebuli iqna antinarkotikuli strategia, romelsac aseve Tan erTvoda sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis paketi. ganvixiloT es sakiTxi ufro detalurad. “alternatiuli-jorjiisa” da saxelmwifos narkopolitikis ganmsazRvreli sabWos farglebSi SemuSavebuli programis qvakuTxeds warmoadgens saxelmwifos midgoma narkotikebis momxmareblebTan. am koncefciebs aqvs saerTo Sexebis wertilebic:

• orive jgufis mier momzadebuli cvlilebebi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisas momxmareblis da gamsaReblis gamijvnas moiTxovs.

• orive jgufi xazs usvavs mkacrad ganixazRvros aralegaluri brunvidan an mimoqcevidan amoRebuli narkotikebisa da fsiqotropuli saSualebebis mcire, didi da gansakuTrebuli didi odenobis siis gadasinjvis aucileblobas. 12

unda iTqvas, rom 2005 wels SemuSavebuli saxelmwifo narkopoli-tikis ganmsazRvreli sabWos cvlilebaTa paketi da “alternativa-jorjias” mier SemuSavebuli cvlilebebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba garkveul sakiTxebSi. magaliTad, saxelmwifo narkopolitikis ganm-sazRvreli sabWos cvlilebaTa paketi Aauqmebs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas, magram inarCunebs da amtkicebs administraciul pasuxismgeblobas narkotikuli saSualebebis moxmarebis gamo. rac Seexeba “alternativa-jorjias” koncefciis cvlilebaTa paketi guli-sxmobs narkotikebis moxmarebisaTvis, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis, aseve administraciuli pasuxismgeblobis gauqmebas. avtorTa azriT, amgvari midgoma efuZneba humanurobis princips, adamianis uflebaTa dacvas da zianis Semcirebis programis gaadvilebas. 13 misasalmebelia is faqti, rom saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo narkomaniasTan brZolis startegia, xolo samoqmedo gegmis damuSaveba TandaTan moxdeba. orive dokumenti efuZneba gaeros 1961, 1971 da 1988w konvenciebs. strategiis mTavari debulebebis fuZemdebluri principebia: problemisadmi kompleqsuri midgoma; kvlevis warmoeba; narkostra-tegiis mogvarebaSi CarTuli yvela organizaciebisa da institutebis erToblivi da koordinirebuli moqmedeba; sazogadoebasTan efeqturi komunikacia; grZelvadiani dagegmva. strategiis prioritetuli

12 narkoviTareba saqarTveloSi. wliuri angariSi. Tbilisi 2005w. gv.20. 13narkoviTareba saqarTveloSi. wliuri angariSi. Tbilisi 2005w. gv.20- 21. a) narkomania - daavadeba, romelic xasiaTdeba narkotikuli saSualebebis miRebisadmi mzardi, dauZleveli surviliT maT mimarT Camoyalibebuli fsi-qikuri an/da fizikuri damokidebulebis gamo; b) narkomaniiT daavadebuli piri - piri, romelsac Sesabamisi licenziis mqone samedicino dawesebulebis mier dadgenili aqvs diagnozi „narkomania“; g) momxmarebeli - piri, romelic eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe moixmars narkotikul saSualebas, magram mis mi-marT Camoyalibebuli ara aqvs fsiqikuri an/da fizikuri damokidebuleba (muxli 2). narkoviTareba saqarTveloSi. wliuri angariSi. Tbilisi 2005w. gv.20-21.

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mimarTulebebia: narkotikebis moxmarebis pirveladi profilaqtika; narkotikebze damokidebulebis mqone pirTa mkurnaloba da reabili-tacia; narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli zianis Semcireba; Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa; narkosituaciis analizi da kvleva; kadrebis momzadeba; sazogadoebasTan efeqturi komunikacia; saqmianobaTa koordinacia. amasTan unda aRvniSnoT, rom strategia garkveulwilad kanonmdeblobasTan harmonizacias moiTxovs. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTveloSi sakmaod saintereso situacia Seiqmna. erTis mxriv arsebobs saxelmwifos strategia, romelSidac narkomani iTvleba avadmyof adamianad, aseTive gansazRvrebas vxvdebiT saqarTve-los kanonSi “narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTie-rebebis, prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb”.14 amave dros narkomani, narkotikebis momxmarebeli piradi moxmarebisaTvis narkotikuli saSualebebis, misi analogis an prekursorebis mcire odenobiT ukanono damzadeba, SeZena, Senaxva anda eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe ukanonod moxmareba dasjadi qmedebaa (sisxlis samarTlis 273-e muxli), aseve dasjadia administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 45-e muxli narkotikuli saSualebebis mcire odenobiT ukanonod SeZena an Senaxva gasaRebis miznis gareSe, anda narkotikuli saSualebis moxmareba eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis XXXIII Tavi mTlianad dazustebas da daxvewas saWiroebs. amaze xSirad miuTiTeben specialistebi.15 gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia ssk 260-e muxli, romelic Seexeba narkotikuli saSualebebis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanono damzadebas, warmoebas, SeZenas, Senaxvas, gadazidvas, gadagzavnas, an gasaRebas. es muxlic mkveTr cvlilebebs moiTxovs. rac Seexeba narkotikuli nivTierebaTa, fsiqotropuli saSualebebis raodenobis gansazRvras saqarTvelos Sromis, socialur da jandacvis saministros mier momzadebuli iqna am nivTierebaTa odenoba da saqarTvelos parlamenti Tavisi dadgenilebiT amtkicebs “ukanono mflobelobidan an brunvidan amoRebuli narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis mcire, didi da gansakuTrebiT did odenobis nusxas”. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom parlamentis dadgenileba, “normatiuli aqtebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT, kanonqvemdebare aqtia.16

15 sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili. wigni I.. Tbilisi 2005.gv.528-593. 16 saqarTveloSi suboteqsis didi odenobiT momxmareblebisaTvis sisxlis samarTlis sasjelis daniSvna safuZvlad daedo adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi sa-qarTvelos winaaRmdeg sarCelis Setanas. arasamTavrobo organizacia “konstitucia 42-e muxli”-s advokatebi aRniSnaven, rom gaeros 1961, 1971 da 1988 wlis konvenciebis mixedviT, nivTiereba “buprenorfinis” Semcveli preparati suboteqsi aris ara narko-tikuli, aramed fsiqotropuli saSualeba. saqarTvelos parlamentis dadgenilebiT, romelic kanonqvemdebare aqtia, buprenofrini Seyvanilia narkotikul nivTierebaTa nusxaSi. amiT, rogorc miuTiTeben advokatebi, irRveva saqarTvelos konstituciis moTxovna - saqarTvelos Sida kanonmdebloba ar unda ewinaaRdegebodes saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebs, romlis pirdapiri moqmedebis Zala aqvT qveynis SigniT (konstitu-ciis me-6 muxli). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos upiratesi iuridiuli Zalis mqone aqtebiT anu saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT. Madvokatebi aR-niSnaven, rom mravali adamiani dRes sasjels ixdis suboteqsis narkotikuli saSua-lebis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanono damzadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva an gasaRebisaTvis, romlisaTvisac gaTvalisiwnebulia sasjeli 11 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. aseve dasjadia moxmareba, risTvisac piri isjeba jarimiT an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo SromiT vadiT as ocidan as oTxmoc saaTamde anda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT erT wlamde (muxli 260), nacvlad xsva muxlisa, romelic iT-

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Semdegi problema exeba zemoTaRniSnul nivTierebaTa raodenobas. evrokavSirSi ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba ara imaze, Tu ra narkotikebs flobs (inaxavs) adamiani, aramed imaze, Tu ra mizniT inaxavs igi narkotiks. evropaSi SeimCneva narkotikis momxmarebelTa samarTlebr-ivi pasuxismgeblobis Serbilebis tendencia, rogorc evrokavSiris qveynebis antinarkotikuli kanonmdeblobis analizi gviCvenebs Teqvsme-tidan mxolod oTxi qveyana iyebs narkotikebis “mcire” raodenobis zusti wonis miTiTebas da aqedan or maTgans mxolod kanabisaTvis. zogierTi jgufis qveynebis teqstSi moxsenebulia “mcire” raodenoba, Tumca narkotikis “mcire raodenobas” gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ara aqvs, mTavaria damnaSavis ganzraxva. evrokavSiris saxelmwifoTa sakanonmdeblo aqtebi ar iTvalisiwnebs narkotikebis momxmarebelsa da narkotikis movaWris diferenciacias saqmeSi arsebuli narkotikis raodenobis mixedviT. garda amisa, mcire raodenobis dadgena kidev ar niSnavs problemis gadaWras. magaliTad, narkomovaWreebs SeuZliaT mcire partiebiT Seinaxon narkotikebi da ise ivaWron, rom maTi pasuxisgebaSi micema garTuldes. mTel rig problemebs vawydebiT saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 45-e muxlTan dakavSirebiT, miTumetes, rodesac saubaria parlamentis mier momzadebul cvlilebebze, romelic Seexeba 45-e muxlis me-3 punqts. “3. eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe narkotikuli saSualebebis moxmarebis faqtis dadgenisas Tu piri uars ganacxadebs gamokvlevaze, eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe narkotikuli saSualebebis moxmarebis faqti CaiTvleba dadgenilad”. kanonproeqtis ganmartebiT baraTSi xazgasmulia, rom narkotikuli saSualebebis zemoqmedebis qveS myofi piri (narkotikebis momxmarebeli) “Tavs aridebs narkologiur gamokvlevas da am gziT cdilobs Tavisi udanaSaulobis damtkicebas. aRniSnuli TavlTmaqcuri qmedebebis aRmofxvrisaTvis moqmed kanonmdblobaSi aranairi meqanizmi ar arsebobs. am kategoriis pirebi advilad aRweven Tavs administraciul da sisxlis samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas”. kanonproeqtis ganmartebiTi baraTis mixedviT, kanonproeqtis mizania narkologiur gamokvlevaze wardgenili pirebis mxridan narkologiuri Semowmebisgan Tavis arideba aseTi faqtebis Semcireba da narkotikuli saSualebebis momxmareblebSi dausjelobis sindromis aRmofxvra. warmodgenili proeqti, Cveni azriT, arRvevs erTis mxriv samarTlis principebs da meores mxriv, adamianis uflebebs. ganvixiloT sakiTxi ufro detalurad. samarTlis principidan gamomdinare, arc erTi adamiani ar aris damnaSave, vidre misi brali damtkicebuli ar iqneba. bralis gareSeE ar arsebobs araviTari pasuxismgebloba. “administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis kodeqsis” 10-e muxlis

valiswinebs fsiqotropuli saSualebis, misi analogis an Zliermomqmedi nivTierebe-bis ukanono damzadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, gadagzavna an gasaReba, romlisTvisac gaTvaliswinebulia jarimiT an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi vadiT or wlamde anda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 3 wlamde (muxli 261). swored am safuZvelze iqna agebuli adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloSi wardgenili sarCeli “ba-silaZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg”.

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analogiur debulebaa asaxuli saqarTvelos konstituciis me-40 muxlSi.17 meores mxriv, mtkicebis tvirTi piris samarTaldarRvevaze saxelmwifoze gadadis da ara TviT am pirze (konstituciis 40-e muxlis me-2 p). rogorc vxedavT kanoni am mimarTulebiTac dasaxvewia. Semdegi problema ukavSirdeba 2007 wels parlamentis mier miRebul „narkotikuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb“ kanons. marTalia, SemoTavazebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi savsebiT Seesabameba saqarTvelos mier nakisr saerTaSoriso valdebulebebs - gaeros 1961 wlis erTian konvencias narkotikul saSualebaTa Sesaxeb, gaeros 1971 wlis konvencia fsiqotropul nivTierebaTa Sesaxeb da gaeros 1988 wlis konvencia „narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg“, magram arsebobs mTeli rigi sakiTxebi, romlebic gadaxedvas moiTxoven. 1. warmodgenili kanonproeqtis „narkotikuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg

brZolis Sesaxeb“ me-3 mulis Tanaxmad sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis safuZvelze narkotikuli saSualebis momxmarebels 3 wlis vadiT CamoerTmeva: a. satransporto saSualebis marTvis ufleba; b. saeqimo saqmianobis ufleba; g. pedagogiuri da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi saqmianobis

ufleba; d. saxelmwifo da adgilobirivi TviTmmarTvelobis saxazino

dawesebulebebSi - sajaro xelisuflebis organoebSi saqmianobis ufleba;

e. pasiuri saarCevno ufleba; v. iaraRis damzadebis, SeZenis, Senaxvis da tarebis ufleba;

2. sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis safuZvelze narkotikuli

saqmianobis xelSemwyobis am muxlis b-v qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi CamoerTmeva 5 wlis vadiT.

3. am kanonis me-2 muxlis „b“ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli

danaSaulis ganmeorebiT Cadenis SemTxvevaSi narkotikuli saqmianobis xelSemwyobs am muxlis pirveli punqtis b-v qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi CamoerTmeva uvadod.

4. narkotikuli saSualebis gamsaRebels am kanonis me-3 muxlis

pirveli nawilis b-v punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi CamoerTmeva uvadod.

analogiurad, narkotikuli danaSaulis da maT Soris narkotikebis moxmarebisaTvis sanqciebi mkacrdeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSic. axalma kanonma warmoSva kolizia, romelmac SeiZleba Tavi iCinos sasamarTlo praqtikaSi. imdenad ramdenadac kanoni iTvalisiwnebs zogierT iseTive sanqcias, rac mocemulia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis XXXIII TavSi, gaurkveveli xdeba riTi unda ixelmZRvanelos mosamarTlem- sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT Tu am

17 analogiuri moTxovnaa sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-7 muxli.

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kanoniT? bunebrivia, aq pasuxi erTi SeiZleba iyos. mxolod sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT, rameTu “1.sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-blobis safuZvelia danaSauli, ese igi am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli qmedeba. iuridiuli piris sisxli-ssamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli ganisazRvreba am kodeqsis Sesabamisi normebiT. 2. danaSauls ar warmoadgens iseTi qmedeba, romelic Tumca formalurad Seicavs am kodeqsiT gaTvali-swinebuli romelime qmedebis niSnebs, magram mcire mniSvnelobis gamo ar gamouwvevia iseTi ziani, romelic aucilebels gaxdida misi Camdenis sisxlis-samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas, an ar Seuqmnia aseTi zianis safrTxe.“ (muxli 7. sisxlis-samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli). aqedan gamomdinare, bundovania rogor unda moxdes am kanoniT gaTvalisiwnebuli sanqciebis gamoyeneba. Tuki mosamarTle am kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul sanqciebs gamoiyenebs sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis sanqciebze damatebiT, Cven saxeze gveqneba samarTlis erT-erTi principis neb is in idem darRveva.18 rogorc ukve avRniSneT, misasalmebelia saxelmwifos mier narkoti-kul danaSaulTan brZolis survili da am kategoriis danaSauli prevenciis erT-erT prioritetad gamocxadeba, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod damsjelobiTi RonisZiebebi Sedegs ver gamoiRebs Tu ar iqna SemuSavebuli narkotikuli danaSaulis prevenciis alternatiuli RonisZiebebi. rodesac saubaria narkotikuli nivTierebis momxma-rebelze da saxeze ar gvaqvs gasaReba da gasaRebis xelSewyoba, maSin mxolod mkacri sasjelis Sefardeba dadebiT Sedegs ver gamoiRebs. aRniSnuli RonisZiebebi gavlenas ver iqonieben narkotikuli nivTi-erebis momxmarebelTa ricxvis Semcirebaze da narkotikuli danaSaulis prevenciaze. am SemTxvevaSi udidesi mniSnveloba eniWeba saxelmwifos mier narkotikuli nivTierebebis momxmareblebTan brZolis prevenciis alternatiuli politikis SemuSavebas. kerZod, unda Camoyalibdes mkurnalobisa da reabilitaciis centrebi, sazRvargareTis praqtikaze dafuZnebiT SemuSavdes narkodamokidebu-lebis sawinaaRmdego samedicino da socialuri xasiaTis RonisZiebebi da saxelmwifos Zalisxmeva mimaTuli unda iqnes gamosworebul narkomanTa sazogadoebaSi reintegraciisaken. narkotikul damokidebulebaSi myof pirTa gamosworebisa da sazogadoebaSi reintegraciis moTxovnas uyenebs wevr-saxelmwifoebs gaeros 1961 wlis „erTiani konvencia narkotikul saSualebaTa Sesaxeb“. gaeros konvenciis meore rezolucia miTiTebulia konvenciis 38-e muxlze

(narkomanebis mkurnaloba da reabilkitacia): 1. acxadebs, rom narkomanebis mkurnalobis erT-erT yvelaze qmediT

meTods warmoadgens mkurnaloba stacionarebSi, sadac xelmiuwvdomelia narkotikuli saSualebebi;

2. dabejiTebiT moiTxovs mxareebisgan, romelTaTvis narkomania warmoadgens seriozul problemas da romlebsac aqvT ekonomikuri saSualebebi, uzrunvelyon aseTi damxarebis aRmoCena.

dasjis alternatiul RonisZiebaze saubaria aseve konvenciis 36-e muxlSic, sadac miTiTebulia, rom

18 aravis ar SeiZleba ganmeorebiT daedos msjavri erTi da imave danaSaulisaTvis. konstituciis 42-e muxli..

109

a) „sakuTar konstituciur SezRudv-ebidan gamomdinare, mxareebi Rebuloben yvela zomas, rom narkotikul saSualebaTa kultivireba da warmoeba, damzadeba, amoReba, momzadeba, Senaxva, SeTavazeba, SeTavazeba gasaRebis mizniT, ganawileba, yidva, gayidva, nebismieri pirobiT mitana, garigeba, gagzavna, gada-gzavna tranzitiT, transportireba, importireba, eqsportireba am konvenciis dadgenilebebis darRveviT da sxva raime moqmedeba, romelic mxareebis azriT SeiZleba iyos am konvenciis dadgenilebebis darRveva - CaiTvleba danaSaulad. es seriozuli danaSauli daisjeba Sesabamisi sasjeliT, kerZod patimrobiT an Tavisuflebis aRkveTis sxva wesiT.

b) am muxlis wina qvepunqtSi mocemuli dadgenilebebis miuxedavad, mxareebs SeuZliaT am pirebis mimarT, romlebic borotad iyeneben narkotikul saSualebebs da sCadian danaSauls, dasjis an dapatimrebis nacvlad, agreTve sasjelis damatebiT zomad gamoiyenon iseTi zomebi, rogoricaa mkurnaloba, aRzrda, maTze dakvirveba mkurnalobis Semdeg, Sromisunarianobis aRdgena da maTi dabruneba Sesabamis sazogadoebaSi 38-e muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad.“

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis 1988 wlis konvenciis „narkoti-kuli saSualebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg“ me-3 muxlis „g“ punqtis Tanaxmad „.... Sesabamis SemTxvevebSi, rodesac xdeba mciremniSnvelovani samaraTladarRvevebi, mxareebs SeuZliaT pasuxisgebis an dasjis altenrativad gaiTva-liswinon iseTi zomebi, rogoricaa aRzrda, Sromisunarianobis aRdgena an socialuri reintegracia, xolo Tu samarTaldamrRvevi narkomania, misi mkurnaloba da masze Semdgomi zedamxedveloba“. xolo amave muxlis „d“ punqtis mixedviT „mxareebs SeuZliaT Cadenil samarTladarRvevaze, romelic miCneulia aseTad winamdebare muxlis me-2 punqtiT, pasuxismgeblobisa da dasjis magivrad an Cadenil samarTaldarRvevaze pasuxismgeblobisa da dasjis damatebiT, gaiTv-aliswinon samarTaldamrRvevis mkurnalobis, aRzris, mkurnalobis Semdgomi zedamxedvelobis, Sromisunarianobis aRdgenisa da socialuri reintegraciis zomebi“. saqarTveloSi narkotikebis moxmarebasa da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebis irgvliv situacia bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovnad gauaresda. es garemoeba ara marto eqspertebma, aramed sazogadoebis didma nawilmac SeniSna. aRniSnuli RonisZiebebi saxelmwifos mxridan did Zalisxmevasa da dafinansebas moiTxovs. Mmiuxedavad zemoTTqmulisa, ukanaskneli monacemebiT saqarTveloSi antinarkotikuli programis gatarebisaTavis gamoyofili Tanxebi sakmaod mwiria.

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wlebi gegma (larebSi)19

1997 430 000 1998 500 000 1999 320 000 2000

350 000

2001 500 000 2002 551 000 2003 500 000 2004 348 000 2005 150 000 2006 50 000

garda amisa, savalalo mdgomareobaa narkodamokidebul pirTa mkurnalobis mxrivac. kerZod, saqarTveloSi 2005 wels aRiniSna wamaldamokidebulTa mkurnalobaze moTxovnis zrdis tendencia. amas miuTiTebs Catarebul mkurnalobaTa raodenobis mkveTri mateba gasul wlebTan SedarebiT: 603 pacienti 2005 wels, winaaRmdeg 2004 wels namkurnalevi 300 pacientisa, an 2003 wels namkurnalebi 320 pacientisa. 2005 wels gamoikveTa kidev erTi axali tendencia: warmoSva arsebul stacionarebSi windawin samkurnalod Caweril pacientTa rigebi, rasac winaT adgili ar hqonda. amgvarad, namkurnalev SemTxvevaTa raodenoba ar asaxavs qveyanaSi mkurnalobaze arsebuli moTxovnis dones. amave dros, aRsaniSnavia, rom wamaldamokidebulebis mkurnalobis dafinanseba ar xdeba arc saxelmwifos (garda aWaris regionisa) da arc donori Tu kerZo organizaciebis mxridan _ pacientebi Tavad ixdian mkurnalobis Tanxas. mxolod detoqsikaciis kursis safasuri sxvadasxva klinikaSi 700-dan 1400 laramde meryeobs, rac saqarTvelos ekonomikuri mdgomareobis fonze soliduri Tanxaa. aseTi safasuris gadaxda mkurnalobis bevr msurvels ar SeuZlia. garda amisa, saqarTveloSi sul 4 samkurnalo stacionaluri dawese-bulebaa, aqedan 3 mdebareobs TbilisSi. qveyanaSi ar arsebobs narkoma-niis socialuri reabilitaciis instituciuri erTeuli. es funqcia Tavis Tavze ikisra saqarTvelos sapatriarqom da ramdenime arasamTa-vrobo organizaciam. aseve problemas warmoadgens momsaxurebis speqtris siRaribe. narkologiuri tipis samkurnalo dawesebulebebSi mkurnalobis ZiriTad saxes warmoadgens detoqsikacia (saSualod orkviriani kursi) Semdgomi ambulatoriuli reabilitaciiT, Tumca es ukanaskneli sakmaod arasrulfasovania, moicavs mxolod moklevadian (erTi - ori kvira) fsiqoTerapiis, samkurnalo fizkulturisa da fizioTerapiis kursebs, sadac didia mkurnalobis mitovebis stat-istika. 20

19 narkoviTareba saqarTveloSi. 2005 w. wliuri angariSi. 20 magaliTad, qveyanaSi wlidan wlamde mcirdeba saxelmwifos xarjze namkurnalev pirTa raodenoba: Tu 2003 wlisaTvis oficialurad registrirebul namkurnalev 330 SemTxvevidan saxelmwifos mier dafinansebuli iyo 17, xolo 2004 wels oficialurad registrirebuli namkurnalevi 300 SemTxvevidan - mxolod 14 SemTxveva, 2005 wels namkurnalevi 603 SemTxvevidan arc erTi ar iyo dafinansebuli saxelmwifos mxridan. narkomaniis mkurnalobis jaWvSi moisustebs reabilitaciis rgoli: ar arsebobs jerovani ambulatoriuli Tu stacionaruli sareabilitacio sistemebi; CanacvlebiTi Terapia globaluri fondis dafinansebiT mxolod 2005 wlis bolosaTvis daiwyo mokrZalebuli masStabis meTadonuri Canacvlebis programis saxiT, romelic 2005 - 2006 wlebis manZilze 200 piris moemsaxura; sapatriarqos xelSewyobiT narkomaniiT daavadebulTa reabilitaciam qveynis monastrebis bazaze SedarebiT

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kidev erTi garemoeba, romelic am problemis ganxilvisas unda iqnas gaTvalisiwnebuli, Seexeba 2005 wlidan saqarTveloSi ganxorcilebul Zliermomqmedi narkotikebis meTadoniT Canacvlebis Terapiis programas. vfiqrobT, sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiT narkotikis momxamrebelTa mimarT sasjelis mkveTrad gamkacrebis pirobebSi meTadonis Canacvlebis programis ganxorcieleba azrs kargavs. sagulisxmoa isic, Tu rogor aRiqvavs sazogadoeba narkotikis moxmarebasTan, rogoria maTi Sefaseba, narkotikis moxmareba maT mier fasdeba rogorc danaSauli Tu rogorc avadmyofoba. aRniSnulis codna, saWiroa raTa saxelmwifom swori politika gansazRvros narkotikuli danaSaulis prevenciisTvis. kerZod, 1999 wlidan qveyanaSi SedarebiTi regularobiT tardeba axalgazrdaTa gamoki-Txvebi pompidus jgufis kiTxvaris (ESPAD) qarTul sinamdvilesTan adaptirebuli versiis meSveobiT. mizanSewonilad migvaCnia moxdes sazogadoebis damokidebulebis garkveva aRniSnul problemasTan dakavSirebiT. cnobilia, rom mkacr da represiul narkopolitikas ar moaqvs sasurv-eli Sedegi da ar ganapirobebs narkotikuli danaSaulis klebas. amis dasturia im qveynebis praqtika, sadac narkotikebis moxmarebaze gaTvaliswinebulia umaRlesi sasjeli-sikvdiliT dasja. qveviT moyvanili monacemebi naTlad cxadyofs Tu ra damokidebulebaa mkacr sasjelsa da narkomaniis Semcirebas Soris.

sistematizirebuli xasiaTi miiRo, Tumca, es qveyanaSi arsebul moTxovnas wamaldamokidebulebis reabilitaciaze ver akmayofilebs da aucilebelia saxelmwifos mxridan Sesabamisi instituciuri meqanizmebis Seqmna.

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ნarkomaniis gavrceleba da sikvdiliT dasja

qveyana monacemTa weli

narkomaniis gavrcelebis maCvenebeli

sikvdiliT dasja kanonis

mixedviT

sikvdilis dasjis ga-moyeneba

praqtikaSi ruseTi 2001 2.1% ara ara

gaerTianebuli samefo

2001 0.9% Aara ara

aSS 2000 0.6% Kki ki tailandi 2001 0.5% Kki ki

axali zelandia 2001 0.5% Aara Aara avstralia 2004 0.5% Aara Aara safrangeTi 1999 0.4% Aara Aara

Kkanada 2000 0.4% Aara Aara germania 2000 0.3% Aara ara

niderlandebi 2001 0.3% ara ara taivani 2002 0.3% Kki ki

Mmalaizia 2000 0.2% Kki ki CineTi 2003 0.2% ki ki

Hhonk kongi 2002 0.2% Aara ara Mmeqsika 2001 0.1% ara ara singapuri 2002 0.1% Kki ki iaponia 2002 0.1% Kki ki SvedeTi 1998 0.1% Aara ara

fineTi 1999 0.1% ara ara

aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmwifom naTlad unda Camoayalibos nar-kostrategia21 da SeimuSavos samoqmedo gegma, rac saqarTvelos jer kidev wina aqvs, gansazRvros sazogadoeba narkodamokidebul pirs aRiqvavs damnaSaved Tu avadmyofad, romelsac saswrafod sWirdeba daxmareba.

marina kvaWaZe samarTlis doqtori, profesori

21 narkotikebisa da wamaldamokidebulebis evropis monitoringis centri narkostrategias gansazRvravs, rogorc im instrumentTa da meqanizmTa erTobliobas, romelic narkopolitikis principebs miznebisken mimarTavs. http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-508.htm

http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-508.htm

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marina kvaWaZe

komentarebi saqarTveloSi narkomaniasTan brZolis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb

reziume

statiaSi warmodgenilia narkomaniasTan brZolis sxvadasxva midgomebi, romlebic ganixileba dRes saqarTveloSi (da ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi, sazRvargareTis sxva qveynebSi). aqve ganxilulia saxelmwifos mier SemoTavazebuli anti-narkotikuli strategia, sazRvargareTis gamocdileba da am fonze SemuSavebuli sakanonmdeblo winadadebebi.

Марина Квачадзе

Комментарии к законодательству борьбы с наркоманией в Грузии

Резюме

В статье представлены некоторые подходы в сфере борьбы с наркоманией, которые обсуждаются сегодня в Грузии (а также в Армении. Азербайджане и в других странах зарубежья). Здесь же представлена антинаркотическая стратегия предложенная правительством, международный опыт и принятые на этом фоне законодательные предложения.

Marina Kvachadze

Comments under the legislation of struggle against a drug use in Georgia

The Summary

In clause it is presented some approaches on struggle against a narcotism which are dis-cussed today in Georgia (not only in Georgia but also in Armenia and Azerbaijan, and in the foreign countries). Here it is presented antinarcotics strategy offered by the government, ex-perience of foreign countries and legislative offers accepted on this background.

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irma manjaviZe mozardis fsiqo-saocialuri Taviseburebebi da motivacia

narkotikebis moxmarebisaTvis mozardobis periodis definicia msoflios janmrTelobis organizaciis ganmartebiT mozardebi (Ado-lescencens) arian individebi 10-dan 19 wlamde; xolo axalgazrdebs (Youth) miekuTvnebian 15 dan 24-wlamde asakis jgufis adamianebi, xolo axalgazrda Taobas (Young people), ki is pirebi, romelTa asakia 20-dan 24 wlamde. M mozardoba- aris fizikuri, emociuri, kognitiuri, SemecnebiTi da so-cialuri zrda-ganviTarebis periodi, gardamavali periodi bavSvo-bidan mozrdilobisaken. EErrrroorr!! RReeffeerreennccee ssoouurrccee nnoott ffoouunndd..

Ffizikur sferos miekuTvneba -sxeulisa da organoebis zoma da

forma, tvinis strutura, sensoruli SesaZleblobebi

(SegrZnebebi) da motoruli (samoZrao) unarebi;

SemecnebiTi sfero moicavs gonebriv SesaZleblobebs-aRqmas,

mexsierebas, azrovnebas, metyvelebas da warmosaxvas;

socialuri sfero gulisxmobs pirovnul Taviseburebebs da

socialur unarebs, rogoricaa qceva da emociuri reagirebis

individuri stili, anu is Tu rogor aRiqvams adamiani

socialur garemos da rogor reagirebs.

eriksonis fsiqosocialuri ganviTarebis Teoriis Tanaxmad mozardobis periodi moicavs garkevul krizisebs. am periodis kriziss TviT- identurobis Camoyalibeba udevs safuZvlad. mozardoba iwyeba pubertuli (meoradi sasqeso) niSnebiT, xolo dasasruli ganpirobebulia ufro fsiqosocialuri faqtorebiT, vidre biologiuriT. mozardoba dayofilia sam subfazad (adreuli, Sualeduri da gviani), romelic gansxvadeba erTmaneTisagan. (2) adreuli mozardobis faza iwyeba pubertuli periodidan, daaxloebiT 10-11 wlidan gogonebSi da 12-13 wlidan vaJebSi. ZiriTadad gamoxatu-lia swrafi zrda-ganviTareba. mozardi cdilobs daewios Tavis cvlilebs garegnobaSi da moaxdinos kontroli mis swrafad mzard organizmze. am asakSi sxeulis imiji ganisazRvreba ise rogoric mas warmoudgenia sakuTari Tavi. Ees yovelTvis igive ar aris, rac sarkeSi miRebuli sxeulis gamosaxuleba, aramed moicavs individis subieqtur grZnobebs sakuTari sxeulis Sesaxeb. sxeulis imiji ayalibebs saku-Tar imijs mogvianebiT periodSi. am etapze mniSvnelovania operatiuli azrovnebis formireba, rac aris kognituri ganviTarebis sabolooo etapi. yalibdebaBAazrovnebis ana-lizis da sinTezis unari. roca mozardebi aanalizeben, rom dro mi-dis da isini iwyeben gegmebis Camoyalibebas momavlisTvis, saxaven gzebs am miznis “cxovrebis azris” misaRwevad. megobroba am periodSi wina planzea wamosuli. aseve izrdeba interesi sapirispiro sqesisad-mi, am periodSi es urTierTobebi naklebadaa dakavSirebuli emocieb-Tan.

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icvleba Ddamokidebuleba ojaxis mimarTac. mozardi am periodSi cdilobs ufro metad iyo SesamCnevi garSemomyofTaTavis, amJRavnebs sakuTar Tavs da cdilobs sakuTari azrebi iyos dafasebuli ojaxis mxridan. Sua mozardobis periodi am fazas miekuTvnebian pirebi 15-dan 18-wlamde. es etapi xasiaTdeba emociuri labilobiT, socialuri iden-turobiT da konfliqtiT avtoritetul pirebTan. Mmegobrobis forma icvleba. TanatolTa (Peer) jgufebi TamaSoben mniSvnelovan rols mo-zardis ganviTarebaSi. emociuri labiloba am periodSi aisaxeba yve-lasTan mimarTebaSi. am periods axasiaTebs legendaruli romantiuli siyvaruli da danakargis tkivili. Zlierdeba mijaWvuloba megobreb-Tan, mSoblebi Tavs grZnoben uaryofilad da raRac etapze SeiZleba xelic ki SeuSalon Svilebis megobrobas. Aam konfliqtur pirobebSi mozardi cdilobs daamtkicos sakuTari damoukidebloba da Tavisi individuroba mSoblebis Tu megobrebis winaSe. mogvianebiTi mozardobis periodi es faza moicavs 19 welsa da zeviT asakobriv jgufis mozardebs. socialur-kulturuli faqtorebi Tama-Soben mniSvneloovan rols am fazisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis ganviTaraebaSi. ukanaskneli faza xasiaTdeba identurobis gadawyvetiT da sensitiu-robis ganviTarebiT. metaforulad, mozardi Tavs uyris gamocdilebas, codnas, informacias da faseulobebs. es aris yoveli individisTvis pasuxi kiTxvaze “vin var me?” rodesac identurobis formireba das-rulebulia mozards gaaCnia sakuTari faseulobebi, rac xdis mas ga-numorebels. gviani mozardoba es aris periodi, roca isini Sedian mWidro kon-taqtSi momaval saqmianobasTan. es aris momavlis dagegmarebis perio-di, aqtivobisa da ideologiebis gansazRvris. identurobis formirebis Cavardna iwvevs fsiqologiur darRvevas, rac gamoixateba identurobis dakargviT, rac klinikurad SeiZleba gamoixatos mravlobiTi fsiqi-kuri darRvevis simptomebiT msubuqi depresiidan dawyebuli mwvave fsiqozuri mdgomareobiT damTavrebuli. mozardTa periodis fiziologiuri, fsiqologiuri, socialuri, kli-nikuri Taviseburebani mozardebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Rrma biologiuri, fsiqologiuri da socialuri ganviTarebis cvlilebebi. mozardoba swrafi trans-formaciisa da aseve momatebuli riskisa da disfunqciis periodia. epidemiologiuri kvlevebis safuZvelze mozardTa daaxloebiT 20%-s aReniSnebaT gamoxatuli gonebrivi darRvevebi. vlindeba sarisko qce-va, xSiria depresiuli daavadebebi, rac xSirad dakavSirebulia dana-Saulebriv qcevasTan. mozardobis periodSi xorcieldeba genetikurad determinirebuli organizmis ganviTarebis programis realizacia, konstituciuri tipis Camoyalibeba. aseveMmorfologiuri da funqcionaluri struqturebis, reproduqtiuli sistemebis da Sesabamisi seqsualuri qcevis Camoyali-beba. wamyvania zrdis naxtomi, Sesabamisi neiroendokrinuli cvlile-bebiT. am periodSi mimdinareobs sistemebisa da organoebis heteroq-roniuli, araTanabarzomieri ganviTareba, rasac Tan axlavs Sinagani

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organoebis hormonuli, neirogenuli da vegetatiuri maregulirebeli sistemebis arastabiluroba. swored am periodSi vlindeba iseTi pa-Tologiebi rogoricaa distoniebi, diskineziebi da refluqsebi, so-maturi da fsiqikuri mosazRvre mdgomareobani, pubertatuli periodi-saTvis specifikuri daavadebebi (farisebri jirkvlis hiperplazia, iu-veniluri Saqriani diabeti, osteoqondro-paTiebi, cvlilebebi kanze da sxv). mozardobis periodSi vlindeba fsiqoqaraqterologiuri Ta-viseburebebi, yalibdeba qcevis stereotipebi. fizikurad gazrdili da sqesobrivad momwifebuli mozardebi Tavs ukve didebad Tvlian da cdiloben gaxdnen damoukideblebi, rasac, bunebrivia, mSoblebis mxridan winaaRmdegoba xvdeba da iwyeba kon-fliqti. ojaxSi icvleba urTierTobebi, magram amis mizezi ar aris mxolod Svilebis problemebi. xSirad mozardobis siWabukis periods emTxveva mSoblebis e.w ,,saSualo asakis krizisi”, roca adamiani iw-yebs ganvlili cxovrebis Sefasebas da acnobierebs, rom awmyod iqca dro, romelSic umTavresi miznebisa da gegmebis ganxorcieleba hqonda ganzraxuli. xSir SemTxvevaSi ki mSoblebi sakuTari ganuxorciele-beli gegmebis ganxorcielebas miznad usaxaven sakuTar Svilebs mo-zardobis periodSi. rac zrdis moTxovnebs sakuTari Svilisadmi da aZlierebs mozardis agresiulobasa da depresias. (1) socialuri sfero. gardamavali asakis ZiriTad sirTuled miiCneven konfliqts mSoblebTan da sxva ufrosebTan. romlebic mozardTa da-moukideblobisa da avtonomiisaken swrafvas ewinaaRmdegebian. rogorc irkveva, arc mozardTa emociuri gauwonasworebloba da arc ufro-sebTan konfliqti ar warmoadgens ganviTarebis aucilebel atributs. mozardebis didi nawili mozrdilebTan mSvidobian da keTilganwyo-bil urTierTobas inarCunebs. avtonomiis gansazRvraSi ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba ufrosebis zegav-lenisgan ganTavisuflebaze, magram SeuZlebelia, rom gardamaval asakSi adamiani ar iyos maTze damokidebuli. sruli Tavisufleba arc mozardebisTvis aris xelsayreli, radgan afrTxobT pasuxismgebloba, romelic Tan axlavs damoukideblobas. abstraqtuli azrovnebis Camoylibebis safuZvelze iwyeba TviTSemec-nebis rTuli procesi, pasuxis Zieba kiTxvebze `vin var?”`rogori var?”, gamudmebuli dakvirveba sakuTar Tavze da idealebTan Sedareba. pa-ralelurad, mozardebi sxvaTa Secnobas, sxvebis azris wvdomasac cdiloben. sakuTari fizikuri cvlilebebis mimarT gaZlierebuli yuradReba iw-vevs mozardebis garkveul egocentrizms. maT miaCniaT rom maTi qceva iseve sainteresoa irgvlivmyofTaTvis rogorc maTTvis. mozardebs pa-tarebze bevrad metad ainteresebT, ras fiqroben maTze sxvebi – isini TiTqos gamudmebiT scenaze arian warmosaxviTi mayureblis winaSe da Tavs axal-axal rolebSi scdian. 15-16 wlisaTvis aseTi egocentrizmi klebulobs: xvdebian, rom adamianTa umravlesoba ar aris amdenad dainteresebuli maTi pirovnebiT da isini arc ise unikalurebi da gansakuTrebulebi arian, rom sayovelTao yuradRebas imsaxurebdnen. gardamaval periodSi gansakuTrebiT izrdeba TanatolTa jgufebis mniSvneloba. fizikuri, emociuri da socialuri cvlilebebiT gamow-veul problemebTan gasamklaveblad maT TanagrZnoba da mxardaWera

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esaWiroebaT. amas ki bunebrivia, imaTTan eZeben, visac msgavsi proble-mebi awuxebs, anu TanatolebTan. TanatolTa wre mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs mozardis socialuri unar-Cvevenis ganviTarebaSi. am wreSi arsebuli Tanasworuflebiani urTierTobebi xels uwyobs socialuri kompetenciis Camoyalibebas. mozardebi, romlebic erTi SexedviT yo-velgvar normebs da wesebs aprotesteben, sakmaod mkacrad icaven Ta-natolTa jgufebSi arsebul normebs. aq swavloben jgufisadmi soli-darobas, jgufSi aRiarebuli wesebis dacvas da jgufSi sakuTari ad-gilis damkvidrebas. mozardis xasiaTis Taviseburebani: fsiqologebis azriT zrdasruli adamianebis mxolos 40%-s aqvs e.w gawonasworebuli xasiaTi. es aris moqnili, stresul situaciaSi mdgradi, zomierad mgrZnobiare xasiaTi SfoTvis dabali doniT. mo-zardebs Soris aseTi gawonasworebuli xasiaTi mxolod 5%-s aqvs. am-denad, adamianTa umravlesobas aqvs ara gawonasworebuli, aramed aq-centiurebuli xasiaTi. es aris ara normidan gadaxra, aramed normis ukideuresi xasiaTi, romlis drosac xasiaTis esa Tu is Tavisebureba mkveTrad aris gamoxatuli, ufro TvalSisacemia. aqcentuirebuli xasiaTis mqone adamiani gadaWarbebulad mgrZnobiarea zogierTi faq-toris mimarT. maSin roca sxva, Tundac problemuri faqtorebisadmi simyares avlens. Sesabamisad, erTsa da imave situaciaSi zogierTi adamiani kargad da mSvidad grZnobs Tavs, zogi ki ibneva, Relavs, es sulac ar niSnavs, rom romelime maTgani aranormaluria. gamoyofen mozardTa xasiaTis aqcentuaciis sxvadasa tipebs (5,6), Ti-Toeul tips gaaCnia misTvis damaxasiaTebeli e.w. ,,susti wertili”, rac imas niSnavs, rom xasiaTis Taviseburebebis gamo garkveul situa-ciSi mozardi Tavs cudad grZnobs, iqceva araadeqvaturad. erTi SexedviT mSoblebisaTvis TiTqos umtkivneulo mimarTvam, SeniSvnam an qcevam SesaZloa gamoiwvios mozardis depresia, protesti, gaRizianeba. Tumca xasiaTis aqcentuaciis gaTaliswinebiT mozardebi SesaZloa CaerTon iseT saqmianobaSi, rac maT kargad gamosdiT. mniSvnelovania maT davexmaroT asakobrivi sirTuleebis daZlevaSi. hiperTimuli mozardebi xalisiani gunebganwyobiT gamoirCevian, izi-davT axali urTierTobebi, uCndebaT survili mosinjon sakuTari Za-lebi axal situaciaSi. uyvarT riski da Tavgadasavlebi. zemoaRniS-nulidan gamomdinare aseTma mozardebma SeiZleba Tanatolebze adre daiwyon alkoholis an narkotikebis miReba, seqsualuri aqtivoba. maT gamZafrebuli aqvT damoukideblobisaken swrafva, energiulobisa da xalisianobis wyalobiT advilad ikaveben lideris adgils Tanatol-Ta jgufSi. cikloiduri tipi bavSvobaSi xSirad hiperTimuls waagavs. mxolod gardatexis asakSi iwyeba perioduli uguneboba, romlisTvisac damaxa-siaTebelia apaTiuroba, uxalisoba, verafers guls ver udeben, uWirT mecadineoba, aRizianebT xalxTan urTieToba, Tanatolebsac Tavs ari-deben. yvelafers pesimisturad aRiqvamen. sayvedurma an umniSvnelo warumateblobam SesaZloa gamoiwvios depresia an mZafri afeqturi defresia an mZafri afeqturi reaqcia TviTmkvlelobis mcdelobiT. labiluri tipis mozardebi bavSvobaSi ar gamoirCevan Tanatolebisa-gan, am tipis bavSvebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia guneb-ganwyobis mkveTri da xSiri cvalebadoba. maT axarebT da stimuls matebT yovelgvari

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yuradRebis gamovlena, sayvedurebs da gakicxvas Zalin mtkivneulad ganicdian. seriozulma problemebma, fsiqikurma travmebma SeiZleba mZime nevrozuli reaqciebi gamoiwvion. fsiqasTeniuri tipisaTvis kritikulia skolaSi swavlis dawyeba, roca izrdeba pasuxismgebloba, Zlierdeba SfoTva, siZneleebis da warumateblobis SiSi. amitomac iseTma kritikulma situaciam, rogo-ric gamocdebia SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios sulieri wonasworobis da-kargva. am tipis mozardebSi SesaZlebelia gamovlindes iseTi paTo-logiuri qceva, rogoricaa saxlidan gaqcevis, alkoholisa da narko-tikebis miRebis, TviTmkvlelobis mcdelobis survili. Sizoiduri (autisturi) tipis mozardebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia gariyuloba da Caketiloba. xSirad maTi gatacebebi gamoirCeva uCveu-lobiT, xSiria inteleqtual-esTetiuri hobi, magram gatacebebi yve-lasgan damalulia. epileptoiduri tipis mozardebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mudmivi Wirveuloba, zogjer isini sisastikes iCenen-awvaleben cxovelebs, Ta-visze patarebs da sustebs. TanatolebTan urTierTobaSi cdiloben moipovon Zalaufleba, daamyaron jgufSi Tavisi wesebi. isteroiduli (demonstratiuli) tipis mTavari damaxasiaTebelia yuradRebis centrSi yofnis daucxromeli survili. gardatexis asakSi Tanatolebis yuradRebis misapyrobad xSirad mimarTaven wesrigis darRvevas, SeiZleba itrabaxon, rom bevrs svamen an narkotikebs iRe-ben, magram es mxolod STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad keTdeba. aramdgradi tipi bavSvobidanve gamoirCeva mousvenrobiT, mSiSaraa, mudmivad Tvalyuri Wirdeba. aseTi tipis mozardebi ar gamoirCevian skolaSi swavlis surviliT, ar undaT raime movaleobis Sesruleba. gansakuTrebiT iswrafvian siamovnebis miRebisaken. mozardobis periodSive eswrafvian mZafri gancdebisa da STabeWdile-bisaken. am mizniT SeiZleba alkohols an narkotikebsac mimarTon, wesrigis darRveva an wvrilmani samarTaldarRvevebic ufro garTobis mizniT xdeba. konformuli tipisaTvis gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia garemos gadaWarbebuli konformuloba. karg garemoSo yalibdebian dadebiT, Semsrulebel pirovnebebad, xol cud wreSi TandaTan iTviseben am wrisaTvis damaxasiaTebel qcevebsa da manerebs. amrigad. zemoaRniSnuli xasiaTis aqcentuaciis safuZvelze narkotike-bis momxmarebisaTvis motivacia upiratesad gamoxatuli aqvT hiperTi-mul, fsiqasTeniur, isteroiduli d aramdgradi qcevis fsiqologiuri tipis mozardebs. mozardis arCevani-realobisgan gaqceva gardatexis asakisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli gamZafrebuli cnobismoyva-reoba, (4, 11, 12) xasiaTis paradoqsuloba, egocentrizmi, avtoritetebis winaaRmdeg brZolis moTxovnileba, mZafri STabeWdilebebisa da da-moukideblobisaken swrafva, problemebTan gamklavebisa da adaptaciis arasakmarisi unari mozards bevr sirTules uqmnis. es sirTuleebi iw-veven SfoTvas, daZabulobas, daurwmuneblobis grZnobas da Sinagani

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wonasworobis dakargvas. am usiamovno gancdebisagan Tavis daRwevis erT-erT saSualebad SeiZleba fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba iyos gamoyene-buli, rasac SemdgomSi adiqtiuri qcevis Camoyalibeba moyveba. adiqtiuri qceva mavne Cvevebis nairsaxeobas warmoadgens, es aris, erT-gavri, Camoyalibebuli stereotipi, romelic ganmtkicebulia mraval-jeradi ganmeorebiT. Cveva SeiZleba iyos sasargeblo, usargeblo da mavne. Tu mavne Cveva stabiluria, myaria, Znelad koreqtirdeba, zians ayenebs Tavad pirovnebas da irgvlivmyofebs, saqme gvaqvs paTolo-giasTan. adiqturi qcevis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom realobisagan gasvlis mizniT, admianebi cdiloben xelovnuri gziT Secvalon TavianTi fsi-qikuri mdgomareoab, rac maT usafrTxoebis, Sinagani wonasworobis aRdgenis iluzias uqmnis. fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Secvla xdeba qi-miuri nivTierebebis miRebiT an garkveul saqmianobaze yuradRebis mudmivi gadataniT, rasac Tan axlavs intensiuri emociuri reaqcia. adiqtiuri meqanizmiT guneb-ganwyobis Secvlis survili kmayofildeba sxvadasxva adiqtiuri agentebis saSualebiT. aseT agentebs mkiekuTvne-ba:(3, 5, 10) 1. nivTierebebi, romelic cvlian adamianis fsiqikur mdgomareobas-

fiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi (alkoholi, narkotikebi, medikamentebi, toqsikuri nivTierebebi);

2. qcevis (saqmianobis) sxvadasxva formebi-azartuli TamaSebi, kompiu-teri, seqsi, samsaxuri, ritmuli musikis mosmena, bevri Wama an Sim-Siloba da a.S.

nebismieri tipis damokidebulebis dros es wamalTdamokidebulebaa Tu qceviTi damokidebuleba, arsi erTi aqvs:

• adamians ar SeuZlia, uari Tqvas damokidebulebis obieqtze (kontrolis dakargva, Tavis Sekavebis SeuZlebloba);

• adamiani cdilobs, damalos an Searbilos Tavisi mdgomareobis seriozuloba

• ufasurdeba sxva interesebi-adamianis interesebis sfero Tanda-Tan viwrovdeba da bolos mxolod damokidebulebis obieqtiT Semoifargleba.

damokidebuleba aris realurobisagan gaqcevisa da misi miRwe-vis saSualebebze mudmivi fiqris mdgomareoba, rasac adamianis droisa da energiis udidesi nawili miaqvs, aseTi individebis SigniT meore ,,adiqtiuri pirovneba” cxovrobs, (7, 9) romelsac Tavisi sakuTari logika, emociebi, Rirebulebebi da fsiqolo-giuri dacvis sistema gaaCnia. realobidan gansvla Zlier emociur gancdebTan aris dakavSire-buli. Tuki adamiani erTxel wamoego ,,emociur satyuaras”, mere misi marTva Zalian advili xdeba. faqturad damokidebulia ara preparatze, aramed emociaze.

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adiqciuri qcevis modelebi adiqciuri qcevis ramodenime modeli arsebobs, maT Soris gamoyofen: (6,7, 8, 11) 1. damamSvidebeli modeli - fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebeis moxmareba

xdeba sulieri simSvidis mopovebis mizniT. mozardebs, romelTac uZneldebaT interpersonaluri damokidebulebani da uWirT gare-mosTan Segueba, mudmivi fsiqikuri daZabulebis mdgomareobaSi im-yofebian, xolo narkotiki uxsnis emociur diskomports.

2. .komunikacuri modeli–narkotikebis miCvevis es modeli SeiZleba aRmocendes, Tuki ar kmayofildebaBA Tbili, keTilganwyobili ur-TierTobebis, siyvarulis moTxovnileba, xolo fsiqoaqtiuri niv-Tierebebis fonze maT uadvildebaT TanatolebTan urTierToba.

3. gamaaqtivebeli modeli–zogjer, alkoholsa da narkotikebs mo-zardebi moixmaren Zalebis mozRvavebis, tonusSi yofnis, aqtiuro-bis momatebis mizniT. gardatexis periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli aramyari TviTSefaseba, sakuTar Zalebsa da SesaZleblobebSi daurwmunebloba maT diskomports uqmnis. Trobis mdgomareobaSi ufro advilia arsebuli da warmosaxviTi SesaZleblobebis reali-zeba, ,,gmiruli saqcielis’’ Cadena.

4. hedonisturi modeli – fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis gamoyeneba sia-movnebis miRebis, fsiqo-fizikuri komfortis miRwevis mizniT. mo-zardebi cdiloben Seiqmnan moCvenebiTi fantastiuri samyaro, SeigrZnon gancxromis mdgomareoba. qimiuri nivTierebebis miRebis gziT siamovnebisaken swrafvis mizezs is warmoadgens, rom maT ara aqvT saSualeba an ar ician, rogor gairTon Tavi sxva gziT (spor-tuli, SemoqmedebiTi an sxva aqtivobiT). mxolod narkotikebis mi-Rebis gziT cdiloben daukmayofilebeli moTxovnebis realizebas.

5. konformuli modeli-mozardis swrafva, mibaZos ar CamorCes Tana-tolebs, aRiarebuli iqnas maT mier. yovelive es SeiZleba fsiqoaq-tiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis sababi gaxdes. Zalian xSirad nar-kotikebis moxmareba iwyeba araformalur jgfebSi, raTa miRebul iqnas Tanatolebis mier, SeigrZnos jgufisadmi mikuTvnebulobis sasiamovno mdgomareoba, gaimyaros socialuri statusi, mozardi iZulebeulia gaiziaros jgufSi arsebuli yvela norma Tu qcevis modeli.

6. manipulaciuri modeli- SesaZloa fsiqoatiuri nivTierebebis mox-mareba gamoyenebul iqnas sxvebiT manipulirebis, situaciis saku-Tari Tavis sasargeblod Secvlis, raime upiratesobis mopovebis mizniT. magaliTad isteriuli xazebis matarebeli mozardebi al-kohols an narkotiks etanebian yuradRebis misaqcevad an sakuTari unikalurobis sademonstraciod. epileptoiduri mozardebi narko-tikebis saSualebiT cdiloben akontrolon situacia, lideris roli moipovon.

7. kompensatoruli modeli- qcevis am models ganapirobebs pirovnu-li arasrulfasovnebis an xasiaTis disharmoniis kompensirebis sa-Wiroeba. narkotikebis moxmareba maT sirTuleebis daZlevis saWi-roebas uqmnis.

mozardobis periodis krizisi adiqtiuri qcevis mniSvnelovan risk-faqtors warmoadgens. kritikuli asaki narkotikebis mimarT gamoyofen sam kritikul periods narkotikebiT dainteresebis mimarT. 8-11 wlis asakisaTvis (6, 8, 9) bavSvs ainteresebs yvelaferi, rac narkotikebTan aris dakavSirebuli. am periodisaTvis narkotiki

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idumalebiT moculi, ucnobi da akrZaluli xilia. narkotikebis Sesaxeb yurmokruli, nawvet-nawyveti informacia gaaCniaT, gasinjuli aqvs erTeulebs. am asakSi aqtiuri moxmareba yvelaze xSirad aqroladi gamxsnelebis (webo, benzini) SesunTqvasTan aris dakavSirebuli. 11-14 weli narkotikebis Sesaxeb am asakobriv jgufSi sakmaod bevri ician. informaciis ZiriTad wyaros Tanatolebi warmoadgenen, narkotikebis mimarT ganwyoba ufro pozitiuria, romelsac Tan axlavs garkveuli “momxibvleloba”. am asakSi ufro xelmisawvdomia sayofacxovrebo qimiuri nawarmi da medikamentebi (benzini, webo, acetoni, damamSvidebli abebi). 14-17 weli yvelaze kritikuli asakia nebismieri fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebeiT eqsperimentirebis dawyebis TvalsazrisiT. rac xSirad xdeba diskoTekebze, axalgazrdul wveulebebze, Ramis klubebSi. mozardebis did nawils aqvs sakuTari gamocdileba narkotikebis moxmarebis mimarT. sociumis gavlena adiqtiuri qcevis formirebaze narkomaniis gavrceleba damokidebulia sazogadoebaSi arsebul krizisze, imaze Tu rogoria aRzrdis xarisxi, sazogadoebrivi zneobisa da socialuri samarTlianobis done, sazogadoebis unari moagvaros socialuri problemebi. mozardze did gavlenas axdens ojaxi, skola, masobrivi informacis saSualebebi da sazogadoeba. ojaxi. bavSvis socializaciis pirveli instituti ojaxia Tavis mravali funqciiTa da sxvadasxvagvari struqturiT. ojaxis funqcia mravalgvaria, rogoricaa aRmzrdelobiTi, emociuri, sulieri urTierTobis, pirveladi socialuri kontrolis funqciebi da sxva. imisaTvis, rom xeli Seuwyon mozardis socialur momwifebas, erTi mxriv mSoblebma Svilebs unda Seuqmnan Tbili, mosiyvarule garemo, meore mxriv, unda Seeguon mozardis mzard avtonomias-is xom damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis emzadeba. am procesis warmatebas mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs mSoblebis qcevis stili. mSoblebis SvilebTan urTierTobis oTx ZiriTad stils gamoyofen: demokratiuli, avtoritaruli, liberaluri da indeferentuli. naTelia, rom mxolod demokratiuli mSoblebi inarCuneben avtoritets Svilebis TvalSi. mxolod ndobaze damyarebul kontrols SeuZlia uzrunvelyos mozardSi simSvide da sakuTari Tavis rwmena, eqsperimentebis moyvarul mozardebs SeuZliaT warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi mSoblebTan msjeloba TavianT problemebze, miiRon mxardaWera da aRidginon sulieri wonasworoba. skola. skola mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens bavSvis yoveldRiur cxovrebasa da ganviTrebis perspeqtivaze. skolas mravalgvari funqcia akisria: codnis gadacema, kulturaluri da moraluri Rirebulebebis Camoyalibeba, socialuri adaptaciisa da pirovnuli zrdis xelSewyoba. skola is adgilia, sadac TanatolTa garemocvaSi mozardi sxvadasxva qcevebis mosinjvasa da eqsperimentirebas iwyebs (maT Soris narkotikebis gasinjvasac); xolo meores mxriv skola axalgazrdebSi cxovrebis jansaRi wesis danergvis unikalur saSualebas iZleva. mozardis pirovnuli zrdisa da socialuri momwifebis xelSewyoba adiqtiuri qcevis profilaqtikis saukeTeso saSualebaa.

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masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi. mediis dominanturi roli sxvadsxvagavard vlindeba. media warmarTavs Rirebulebebis da azrebis formirebas; dReisaTvis eleqtronuli media gavlenian da gavrcelebul “aRmzrdelad” gvevlineba. mediis mier axalgazrda Taoba ganuwyvetlad “ibobmeba” Sereuli cnobebiT Tambaqos, alkoholisa da narkotikebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gankuTvnilia ufrosebisaTvis da romelTa interpretireba arasworad xdeba bavSvebis mier. araswori an gaufrTxilebeli midgomiT mediam SesaZloa fsiqoaqtiuri saSulebebis propaganda da reklamireba awarmoos. sazogadoeba. ukanasknel wlebSi saqarTveloSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma gamoiwvia Zveli Rirebulebebisa da normebis umravlesobis gaufasureba, ris paralelurad gaCnda axali faseulobebi. Rirebulebebis gadafasebis procesi sakmaod mtkivneuli aRmoCnda sazogadoebisaTvis. sazogadoebis deklarirebuli da realuri Rirebulebebis winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTi SeiZleba fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis arapirdapir mastimulirebel faqtorad mogvevlinos. daskvna mozardobis periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli fizikuri, sqeso-brivi, fsiqo-socialuri ganviTarebis Taviseburebani, ganapirobeben garkevuli qcevis tipebis Camoyalibebas, rac Tavis mxriv mniSvnelo-vanwilad ganapirobebs motivacias narkotikebis moxmarebisaTvis. Tumca am periodSi SesaZlebelia efeqturi prevenciuli RonisZiebebis gatareba skolebSi TanatolTa ganaTlebisa da jansaRi cxovrebis wesis danergvis gziT.

irma manjaviZe Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedicino

universitetis pediatriuli departamentis asistent-profesori, asociacia

,,ufleba janmrTelobaze” prezidenti


1. Tvali gavusworoT realobas anu ra vaswavloT narkomaniaze, wigni

pirveli, Tbilisi, 2003w. 2. bavSvTa da mozardTa qceviTi problemebi, Tbilisi, 2005w. 3. TanasworTa ganaTleba, saxelmZRvanelo. gaeros bavSvTa fondi,

2006w. 4. jansaRi cxovreba-Cveni arCevani! intensiuri saswavlo kursi aiv

infeqcia/Sidsisa. sggd da sxva daavdebaTa prevenciisaTvis, Tbilisi, 2006w.

5. Березин С.В. , ЛИСЕЦКИЙ К.С. Психология ранней наркомании. Москва,2000. 6. Колесов Д.В. Антинаркотическое воспитание. Москва. 2001 7. Pataki CS (2000). Mood disorders and suicide in children and adolescents. In: SAdock

BJ, Sadock VA (eds). Comprehensive Textbook of psychiatry. 7th ed. Baltimore: lippin-cott Williams & Wilkins, pp:2740.

8. Stanton, B. F., Li, X., Galbraith, J., Cornick G., Feigelman, S., Kaljee, L., et al. (2000). Parental underestimates of adolescent risk behavior: A randomized, controlled trial of a parental monitoring intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 26, 18–26.

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9. Rushton JL, Forcier M, Schectman RM (2002). Epidemiology of depressive sumptoms in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 41 (2): 199-205

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11. Rai, A., Stanton, B. F., Wu, Y., Li, X., Pack, R., Harris, C., et al. (2003). The effect of parental monitoring on adolescent risk behaviors: An analysis of six cross-sectional data sets from 1992–1999. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33, 108–118

12. Wu, Y., Stanton, B. F., Galbraith, J., Kaljee, L., Cottrell, L., Li, X., et al. (2003). Sus-taining and broadening intervention impact: A longitudinal randomized trial of three adolescent risk reduction approaches. Pediatrics, 111, e32–e38.

irma manjaviZe

mozardis fsiqo-saocialuri Taviseburebebi da motivacia narkotikebis moxmarebisaTvis

reziume

statiaSi ganxilulia mozardobis periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli fizikuri, sqesobrivi, fsiqo-socialuri ganviTarebis Taviseburebani da qcevis tipebis Camoyalibebis safuZvlebi; rac Tavis mxriv mniSvnelovanwilad ganapirobebs motivacias narkotikebis moxmare-bisaTvis. Tumca am periodSi SesaZlebelia efeqturi prevenciuli RonisZiebebis gatareba skolebSi TanatolTa ganaTlebsa da jansaRi cxovrebis wesis danergvis gziT.

Ирма Манджавидзе

Психо-социальные особенности подросткового возраста и мотивация к применению наркотических веществ

Резюме

Физическое, половое и психо-социальное развитие подростка определяют тип формирования поведения, которое может способствовать к мотивации применения наркотиков в подростковом возрасте.

Irma Manjavidze

Psycho-social particularities of adolescence and motivation to drug abuse

The Summary

Physical, sexual and psychosocial development makes influence on Adolescence behaviour. Therefore it basically formats motivation for Drug Use and Drug Abuse.

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mrgvali magidis “axalgazrdoba da narkomania”

daskvniTi rekomendaciebi

• saWiroa siRrmeuli, mravalmxrivi fundamenturi gamokvlevis Catareba, romelic mogvcemda realur suraTs, swori daskvnebisa da prognozirebis aseve ekonomikuri da adamianuri resursebis swori gaTvlebis gasakeTeblad, rac ase mniSvnelovania Cvenis-Tana SezRuduli resursebis mqone qveynisaTvis.

• saWiroa narkobiznesis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli samsaxurebis mudmi-vi struqturuli, organizaciuli da meTodologiuri srulyofa kanonsawinaaRmdego sferoSi mimdinare procesebis adekvaturad.

• aucilebelia sakanonmdeblo sistemis iseTi universalizacia,

romelic SesamCnevad gaadvilebs sagamoZiebo-operatiuli jgu-febis muSaobas da uzrunvelyofs aseTi jgufebis sxva qveynebis teritoriaze efeqtur saqmianobas da narkotikuli informaciis operatiul gacelas.

• mniSvnelovania, narkomaniiT daavadebul pirebTan samedicino,

socialuri da represiuli meTodebiT muSaobis swori sistemis SemuSaveba, am kontigentTan momuSave uwyebebis da samsaxurebis kompetenciis mkveTri gamijvna.

• mozardebSi narkomaniis prevenciis mizniT saganmanaTleblo da-wesebulebebSi jguguri art-Terapiuli meTodis danergva xels Seuwyobs mozardTa SemoqmedebiTi potencialis gamovlenasa da stimulirebas.

• Jurnalistebma maqsimalurad unda Seikavon Tavi iseTi informa-ciis gamoqveynebisgan, romelic SeiZleba viRacisTvis momxibla-vi aRmoCndes.

• legalizaciis Sedegad gaizrdeba saxelmwifos Semosavali. igi gamoiwvevs qveyanaSi ucxoeli turistebis mozidvas, im qveynebi-dan sadac narkotikebi araa leglizebuli, rac damatebiTi Se-mosavlis wyaro iqneba.

• narkotikebze moTxovnilebis Semcireba narkomaniis problemis daZlevis yvelaze perspeqtiuli mimarTulebaa. narkomaniasTan brZolaSi Ggarda, saxelmwifos mxridan da masobrivi sainfo-rmacio saSualebebiT mxardaWerisa kidev ufro unda gaizardos sazogadoebisa da mesame seqtoris roli (arasamTavrobo organizaciebi). am keTilSobiluri saqmis gansaxorcielebas sWirdeba aseve kargi socialuri muSakebi.

• narkotikisgan Tavis aridebis saSualeba saintereso saqiamono-

biT dakavebaa, Tundac es SeiZleba iyos sporti.

• narkotikisgan Tavis aridebis saSualeba, romelic dReisaTvis aramxolod narkomanebs exeba, aramed mTel xalxs, aris dasaqme-ba. da yvelaze mTavari gza narkotikebis winaaRmdeg aris saxelmwifo kontroli da gegmebi.

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• saxelmwifom naTlad unda Camoayalibos narkostrategia da SeimuSavos samoqmedo gegma. rac saqarTvelos jer kidev wina aqvs, gansazRvros narkodamokidebul pirs aRiqvavs damnaSaved Tu avadmyofad, romelsac saswrafod sWirdeba daxmareba.

• mozardobis periodisaTvis SesaZlebelia efeqturi prevenciuli RonisZiebebis gatareba skolebSi TanatolTa ganaTlebisa da jansaRi cxovrebis wesis danergvis gziT

mrgvali magidis ,,axalgasrdoba da narkomania” daskvniTi rekomendaciebi

reziume

2008 wlis 29 Tebervals danaSaulobis kvlevisa da prognozirebis centris mier organizebuli mrgvali magidis monawileebma SeimuSaves rekomendaciebi, romlebic waredgina sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebe-li xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs.

Рекомендации принятые в рамках круглого стола ,, Молодежь и наркомания“

Резюме

Участники круглого стола, проведенного 29-го февраля 2008 г. центром исследования и прогнозирования преступности, разработали рекомендации которые были позже представлены законодательному и исполнительному властям.

Recommendations developed at the round table “Youth against Crime”

The Summary Participants of the round table meeting organised on 29 February, 2008 by the Centre for the Research and Predictionof Crime, developed recommendations which were later pre-sented to the legislative and executive authorities.

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giorgi Rlonti

adamianis “trefikingis” kvalifikaciis zogierTi sakiTxi saqarTvelos axali kanonmdeblobis mixedviT

vardebis revoluciis Semdeg ganxorcielda trefikingTan brZolisa da misi Tavidan acilebisken mimarTuli rigi RonisZiebebi, kerZod, miiRes kanoni trefikingis winaaRmdeg, Seitanes cvlilebebi da damatebebi, aseve specialuri muxlebi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmde-blobaSi, romelTa safuZvelze moxda adamianTa trefikingis krimi-nalizeba. es muxlebia: “muxli 143.1. adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) (25.07.2006 #3530) 1. adamianis yidva an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis

ganxorcieleba, agreTve muqariT, ZaladobiT an iZulebis sxva formiT, mitacebiT, SantaJiT, TaRliTobiT, motyuebiT, umweo mdgo-mareobis an Zalauflebis borotad gamoyenebiT, sazRauris anda sargeblis micemis an miRebis gziT im piris Tanxmobis misaRwevad, romelsac sxva pirze zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia, adamianis gad-abireba, gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba, gadacema, Sefareba anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT, - isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT Svididan Tormet wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT erTi wlis vadiT.

2. igive qmedeba Cadenili:

a) damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qalis mimarT; b) damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT umweo mdgomareobaSi

myofis an damnaSaveze materialurad anda sxvagvarad da-mokidebulis mimarT;

g) samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT, - isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT cxridan ToTxmet wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT ori wlis vadiT.

3. igive qmedeba Cadenili: a) araerTgzis; b) ori an meti piris mimarT; g) dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT;

d) sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi ZaladobiT anda aseTi Zaladobis gamoyenebis muqariT, - isjeba Tavisu-flebis aRkveTiT vadiT Tormetidan TxuTmet wlamde, Tanam-debobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT sami wlis vadiT.

4. am muxlis pirveli, me-2 an me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba: a) Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier;

b) ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis sicocxlis mospoba an sxva mZime Sedegi, - isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT TxuT-metidan oc wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT sami wlis vadiT”.

muxlTan dakavSirebul specialur SeniSvnaSi kanonmdebeli iZleva eqspluataciisa da monobis makvalificirebeli Taviseburebebis gan-martebas.

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1. eqspluataciad miiCneva adamianis gamoyeneba iZulebiTi Sromis an momsaxurebis, danaSaulebriv an antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi an prostituciaSi Cabmis, seqsualuri eqspluataciis an sxva saxis momsaxurebis gawevis, monobis msgavs mdgomareobaSi an monobis Tanamedrove pirobebSi Cayenebis mizniT, agreTve adamianis iZuleba sxeulis organos, organos nawilis an qsovilis gadanergvis anda sxvagvarad gamoyenebis mizniT. adamianis monobis Tanamedrove pi-robebSi Cayeneba gulisxmobs misTvis pirovnebis saidentifikacio dokumentebis CamorTmevas, Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebis SezRudvas, ojaxTan kavSiris, maT Soris, mimowerisa da satele-fono kontaqtebis akrZalvas, kulturul izolacias, pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxvel pirobebSi anda yovelgvari anazRaurebis ga-reSe anda araadeqvaturi anazRaurebiT muSaobis iZulebas. piris Tanxmobas winaswarganzraxul eqspluataciaze mniSvneloba ar aqvs.”

muxlSi aseve dafiqsirebulia iuridiuli piris pasuxismgebloba: 2. “am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebisaTvis iuridiuli piri isje-

ba saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT an likvidaciiT an jarimiT.” unda aRiniSnos, rom kanonmdebelma ver SeZlo trefikingis cnebis mkveTri formulireba da 143.1 muxlis pirvel nawilSi gamoiyena iuri-diulad bundovani terminebi “adamianis yidva an gayidva”. msgavsi de-finicia sirTuleebs uqmnis sagamoZiebo organoebs swori kvalifika-ciis micemisa da damnaSavisaTvis braldebis wayenebisas. muxlis seriozuli naklia agreTve is faqti, rom trefikingi ar ga-nixileba, rogorc transnacionaluri danaSauli, romelic obieqturi mxaris kvalifikaciisas aucilebel pirobad iTvaliswinebs dazarale-bulis gadayvanas an tranzits sxva qveyanaSi an warmoSobis qveynis arakontrolirebad teritoriaze (magaliTad saqarTvelosvis afxa-zeTSi an samxreT oseTSi). amgvari midgoma nakarnaxevia transnaciona-luri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvenciiT, rom-lis rekomendaciiTac trefikingi unda ganixilon, rogorc transna-cionaluri danaSauli, romelic safrTxes uqmnis normalur saerTa-Soriso urTierTobebsa da adamianis uflebebis dacvas. TviT termini “traffic”-ic xom gadaadgilebas, transportirebas niSnavs. calke muxladaa gamoyofili arasrulwlovanTa trefikingi: muxli 143.2. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi), sadac mocemulia misi ganmarteba: “arasrulwlovnis yidva an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva ukanono garige-bis ganxorcieleba, agreTve misi gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba, gadacema, Sefareba anda miReba eqsplua-taciis mizniT”. makvalificirebeli niSnebi analogiuria 143.1 muxlis Sesabamisi niSne-bisa. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es muxli praqtikulad 143.1 muxlis iden-turia, mizanSewonilia maTi gaerTianeba da arasrulwlovnis an mci-rewlovnis trefikingis damamZimebel garemoebad gamotana.

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mowodebuli rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswineba gazrdida brZolis efeq-turobas trefikingTan, rogorc transnacionalur danaSaulTan da saerTaSoriso midgomebTan SesabamisobaSi moiyvanda Cvens kanonmde-blobas.

giorgi Rlonti gr. robaqiZis sax. universitetis

iuridiuli fakultetis sruli profesori

giorgi Rlonti

adamianis “trefikingis” kvalifikaciis zogierTi sakiTxi saqarTvelos axali kanonmdeblobis mixedviT

reziume

aRniSnuli samecniero naSromi exeba erT-erT aqtualur problemas Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi: brZolas adamianis “trefikingis” winaaRm-deg, rogorc adamianis eqspluataciis saSiS formasTan. axali kanonm-debloba warmoadgens Zlier instruments adamianiT vaWrobasTan brZolaSi, magram igi saWiroebs daxvewas.

Гиоргии Глонти

Некоторые вопросы квалификаций торговли людьми согласно новому

грузинскому законодательству

Резюме

Эта научная статья касается одной из актуальных проблем в современной Грузии: борьбы с торговлей людьми, как с опасной формой преступной эксплуатации людей. Новое правовое законодательство является мощным инструментом в борьбе с торговлей людьми, но оно нуждается в усовершенствовании, законов и механизмов, что и рассматривается в статье.

Georgi Glonti

Qualification issues of human “trafficking” according to the new Georgian legislation

The Summary

This scientific paper is devoted to one of the actual problem in contemporary Georgia: strug-gle with human trafficking as dangerous form of criminal exploitation of human beings. The new criminal legislation is powerful instrument in combating with trafficking but it needs improvements described in article.

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Цовинар Назарова

Международное сотрудничество на Южном Кавказе для борьбы с торговлей людьми

...«Меня продали через Тбилиси в Дубай. Полтора года меня не выпускали даже на улицу, потом полгода я была в тюрьме Дубая, теперь я почти полгода в Тбилиси в ожидании суда, где я должна дать показания, но суд до сих пор не назначен... Я прошу Вас помочь мне скорее вернуться домой в Узбекистан, к моим детям...» - такими словами молодая женщина в черной чадре обратилась к участникам международной встречи в Тбилиси 27 октября 2006 г.. Ее трагическая черная чадра придали особую значимость рабочим встречам с участием представителей правоохранительных структур и неправительственного сектора из Азербайджана, Армении, Грузии, России, Турции, Узбекистана, Украины, Эстонии. Проживание в Грузии пострадавшей от трефикинга девушки из Узбекистана в течение восьми месяцев, которые понадобились для завершения расследования и участия в судебных заседаниях, обеспечивалось в рамках программы22 по оказанию помощи пострадавшим от торговли людьми (трефикинга) Ассоциации «Общество содействия гармоническому развитию человека». В рамках программ по борьбе с торговлей людьми организация работает с 1999 г., способствует распространению информации по проблеме, работает для повышения квалификации сотрудников правоохранительных структур и НПО сектора, оказывает экстренную помощь жертвам трафикинга, участвует в исследовательских проектах, работает для развития сетей по обмену информацией и опытом в регионе. Накоплен большой опыт по проведению тренингов для сотрудников правоохранительных структур и по работе с группами риска. Помощь пострадавшим, их перенаправление из Турции и ОАЭ в Грузию, или через Грузию в Армению, Азербайджан и Узбекистан осуществляется посредством сотрудничества между партнерскими неправительственными организациями стран не первый год.Из опыта работы с пострадавшими, когда на каждом шагу приходилось сталкиваться с трудноразрешимыми проблемами, стало ясно, что целесообразно расширить работу и начать сотрудничество для борьбы с торговлей людьми на уровне НПО сектора в регионе Южный Кавказ и работать для создания международного реферального механизма. С сентября 2007г. совместно с постоянными партнерами в Эстонии, Армении и Азербайджане начата работа23 по исследованию проблем, связанных с торговлей людьми, созданию сети горячих линий и убежищ для оказания помощи пострадавшим, по повышению профессиональной подготовки представителей правоохранительных структур, обмену опытом между специалистами для создания международного реферального механизма и усовершенствования его на национальном уровне. Это сложная работа, требующая взаимодействия специалистов из госструктур и НПО, а также сотрудничества на международном уровне. Сегодня можно с уверенностью сказать, что решительные шаги со стороны госструктур во всех трех странах предприняты и процесс создания национального реферального механизма успешно

22 «Victim First», в 2006 – 2007 гг. работа осуществлялась при финансовой поддержке Женской программы Фонда «Открытое общество - Грузия», а с сентября 2007 по апрель 2009, Европейской Комиссией. 23 NGO and Governmental Cooperation Across the South Caucasus to Develop a Joint Response to Trafficking in Women and Children, No DDH/2006/118-051, supported European Commission

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начат. Впереди много работы. Ниже краткий перечень существующих проблем, выводы и рекомендации для их решения.

Проблемы защиты прав пострадавших от торговли людьми (трефикинга) в Грузии

1. Обеспечение конфиденциальности личных данных пострадавшей в ходе

судопроизводства на данном этапе невозможно, и трафикер всегда будет иметь возможность воздействия на пострадавшего, выступающего в деле как обвиняющая сторона или как свидетель;

2. Практически невозможно обеспечить безопасность пострадавших от трефикинга, когда она/он вернется домой: у трафикеров есть связь с вербовщиками и своими партнерами, они могут принять меры для того, чтобы пострадавшая отказалась давать показания;

3. Пострадавшие от трефикинга граждане других стран, находящиеся на территории Грузии, чаще весго не имеющие документов, удостоверяющих личность пострадавшей, сталкиваются со сложностями в процессе обеспечения законности их пребывания в Грузии, обслуживания в нотариальных конторах, трудоустройства и пр.

4. Нарушается конфиденциальность персональных данных пострадавшей при ее возвращении домой, если представители госструктур страны транзита или назначения направляют документы, содержащие личные данные пострадавших от торговли людьми, в страну происхождения, что противоречит положениям международного законодательства;

5. Существует дефицит опыта осуществления адвокатской защиты пострадавших от трефикинга;

6. Существующие индикаторы не поощряют госструктуры к выявлению большего количества пострадавших от торговли людьми (трефикинга), они поощряют увеличение количества дел по статье о трефикинге, что иногда приводит к тому, что по статье 143 осуждают сутенеров, а пострадавшие от торговли людьми (трефикинга) оказываются в тюрьме за нелегальный переход границы.

7. Существует серьезная проблема в сфере идентификации пострадавших от торговли людьми (трефикинга) и информированности о законодательстве, защищающем жертв, о чем свидетельствуют пострадавшие от торговли людьми, которые оказались в тюрьме за нелегальное пересечение границы, потому что сотрудники правоохранительных органов, адвокаты, судьи не идентифицировали и не применили к ним положения действующего законодательства Грузии, тем самым нарушив закон и международные стандарты по защите жертв трафикинга.

Выводы: 1. Анти-трефикинговое законодательство не стыкуется с действующим

законодательством Грузии и, в целом, международные нормы по защите прав пострадавших от торговли людьми (трефикинга) не имплементированы в достаточной мере в действующее законодательство;

2. Процедура расследования и судопроизводства не обеспечивает конфиденциальности персональных данных;

3. Механизмы перенаправления пострадавших от торговли людьми (трефикинга) в недостаточной мере обеспечивают конфиденциальность персональных данных;

4. Нет достаточной мотивации для пострадавших от торговли людьми (трефикинга), чтобы они обращались в правоохранительные органы;

5. Существует низкий уровень информированности в сфере национального и международного законодательства, защищающего пострадавших от торговли людьми (трефикинга).

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Рекомендации: 1. Поднять уровень профессионализма сотрудников правоохранительных структур,

судов, сотрудников консульских учреждений и МИДа, адвокатов; 2. Лоббировать внесение поправок в законодательство и гармонизацию с

международными стандартами; 3. Применять программу защиты свидетелей в отношении пострадавших от

трефикинга для обеспечения конфиденциальности во время судебного расследования, при входе и выходе в здание суда и пр.;

4. Оказывать материальную поддержку идентифицированным жертвам трефикинга непосредственно после их идентификации, независимо от того, будут ли они давать показания против трафикеров, для облегчения их адаптации по возвращению домой;

5. Оптимизировать механизмы перенаправления пострадавших от трефикинга для сохранения конфиденциальности их персональных данных согласно требованиям международного законодательства;

6. Упростить процедуру получения документа на возвращение домой для пострадавших от трефикинга, с них также не должен взиматься консульский сбор;

7. Создавать рациональные механизмы сотрудничества между НПО и госструктурами;

8. Индикаторы достижений в сфере борьбы с торговлей людьми (трефикингом) должны поощряь выявление пострадавших и быть скорее качественными, чем количественными, необходимо использовать корреляционные методы анализа данных.

Цовинар Назарова

Председатель Общество содействия гармоническому развитию человека

Tsovinar Nazarova

International collaboration in struggle against human trafficking in South Caucasus

The Summary There is discrepancy between anti-trafficking legislations and actual legislation of Georgia. On the whole, the international norms on protecting rights of trafficking victims are not suf-ficiently implemented in current legislation; Investigation and judicial proceedings do not provide confidentiality of personal data; Referral mechanisms do not guarantee the confiden-tiality of personal data of the victims of trafficking in humans. There is not sufficient motiva-tions for the victims to address law enforcement bodies. The level of awareness on national and international legislation is low. We recommend to raise professional qualification of the law enforcements, consular depart-ments of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, attorneys; Lobbying amendments in legislation and harmonization with international standards. Using the program of witness protection in cases of trafficking victims for ensuring confidentiality during judicial investigation, while enter-ing and leaving courts etc. Providing identified victims with material assistance immediately after identification, not withstanding their intention to testify or not against traffickers; for their better adaptation and simplifying the process of returning to home country. Optimize referral mechanisms for guarantying confidentiality of personal data in accordance with the demands of international regulations; Simplifying the procedure of obtaining documents for returning home, the victims should not be charged with consular fees either; Creating ra-tional mechanisms of cooperation between state bodies and NGOs; Indicators of achieve-ments in the field of fighting trafficking in humans should encourage identification of vic-tims and be more qualitative instead of quantitative; it is necessary to exploit correlation methods of data analysis.

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wovinar nazarova

samxreT kavkasiaSi adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingi) winaaRmdeg

brZolaSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba

reziume

gamoZiebis procesSi dazaralebulis piradi monacemebis konfi-decialurobis uzrunvelyofa am etapze SeuZlebelia, amitom tre-fikiors yovelTvis eqneba saSualeba gavlena iqonios dazarale-bulze, romelic saqmeSi figurirebs rogorc bralmdebeli mxare an rogorc mowme. praqtikulad SeuZlebelia trefikingiT dazaralebulTa usafrTxoe-bis uzrunvelyofa samSobloSi maTi dabrunebis Semdeg: trefikiorebs kontaqti aqvT im adamianebTan, romlebic gadabirebaSi iReben monawileobas an maT partniorebTan da maT SeuZliaT Yyvela Ron-isZiebas mimarTon, raTa dazaralebulma uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze. trefikingis msxverpl sxva qveynis moqalaqes, romelic imyofeba saqarTvelos teritoriaze da romelTac metwilad ar aqvT piradobis damadasturebeli dokumentebi, sirTuleebs awydebian saqarTveloSi maTi kanonieri yofnis uzrunvelyofis procesSi, notariul biuroebSi momsaxurebisas, samuSaoze mowyobisas da a.S. trefikingiT dazaralebulTa saadvokato dacvis gamocdilebis ararseboba. dazaralebulis piradi monacemebis konfidencialuroba irRveva maTi samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg im SemTxvevaSi, Tu tranzitis an daniSnulebis qveynebis saxelmwifo struqturebi msxverplis warmo-Sobis qveyanaSi agzavnian pirovnebis Sesaxeb informaciis Semcvel do-kumentebs, rac ewinaaRmdegeba saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobas. seriozuli problemebi arsebobs trefikingiT dazaralebulTa iden-tifikaciis sferoSi da kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb informirebulobis TvalsazrisiT. amas adasturebs is faqti, rom trefikingiT dazarale-bulebi sazRvris aralegaluri gadakveTis braldebiT aRmoCndnen cixeSi, radgan samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebma, advo-katebma da mosamarTleebma ar moaxdines maTi identifikacia da ar ga-moiyenes saqarTvelos moqmedi kanonmdebloba, riTac daarRvies kanoni da trefikingis msxverplTa dacvis saerTaSoriso standartebi.

daskvnebi:

1. antitrefikinguli kanonmdebloba ar Seesabameba saqarT-velos moqmed kanonmdeblobas da, saerTod, adamianebiT vaW-robis (trefikingis) msxverplTa dacvis saerTaSoriso nor-mebi sakmarisad ar aris implementirebuli moqmed kanonmde-blobaSi.

2. gamoZiebisa da samarTalwarmoebis procedurebi ar uzrun-velyofs piradi monacemebis konfidencialurobas.

3. adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingiT) dazaralebulTa refe-raluri meqanizmebi arasakmarisad uzrunvelyofs piradi mo-nacemebis konfidencialurobas.

4. adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplebs ar aqvT sak-marisi motivacia raTa mimarTon samarTaldamcav organoebs.

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5. arsebobs informirebulobis dabali done adamianebiT vaWro-bis (trefikingis) msxverplTa dacvis nacionaluri da saer-TaSoriso kanonmdeblobis sferoSi.

rekomendaciebi:

1. samarTaldamcavi struqturebis, sakonsulo dawesebulebaTa da sagareo saqmeTa saministros TanamSromlebis, mosamarTleebisa da advokatebis profesionaluri donis amaRleba.

2. kanonmdeblobaSi saerTaSoriso normebis (standartebis) Sesaba-misi Sesworebebis Setanisa da harmonizaciis lobireba.

3. trefikingiT dazaralebulTa mowmeebis konfidencialobis uz-runvelyofis mizniT dacvis programis miReba sasamarTlo gamo-Ziebisas, sasamarTlo darbazSi Sesvlisas, gamosvlisas da a.S.

4. trefikingiT dazaralebulTa identificirebul msxverplTa ma-terialuri daxmarebis aRmoCena uSualod identifikaciis Sem-deg miuxedavad imisa, miscemen Tu ara isini Cvenebas trefikio-rebis winaaRmdeg, raTa maT SeumsubuqdeT adaptaciis procesi samSobloSi dabrunebisas.

5. saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad trefik-ingiT dazaralebulTa referaluri meqanizmebis optimizacia maTi piradi monacemebis konfidencialobis dacvis mizniT.

6. trefikingis msxverplTaTvis samSobloSi dasabrunebeli do-kumentebis miRebis proceduris gamartiveba; maT aseve ar unda gadaixadon sakonsulo mosakrebeli/Sesatani.

7. arasamTavrobo da saxelmwifo struqturebs Soris TanamSrom-lobis racionaluri meqanizmebis Seqmna.

8. adamianebiT vaWrobasTan (trefikingTan) brZolis sferoSi arse-buli miRwevebis indikatorebma unda gazardos dazaralebulTa gamovlena da unda iyos ufro xarisxobrivi, vidre raodeno-brivi; aucileblad iqnas gamoyenebuli monacemTa analizis ko-relaciuri meTodebi.

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mixeil baZaRua

adamianTa vaWroba (trefikingi) da saxelmwifo politika saqarTveloSi

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg da gansakuTrebiT ukanasknel 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi trefikingis SemTxvevebma sagrZnoblad imata sa-qarTveloSi. saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi ara marto TviTon gaxdnen trefikingis msxverplni, aramed am danaSaulis CadenaSi bevri Cveni Tanamemamule monawileobda. garda amisa, saerTaSoriso organizacie-bis monacemebiT saqarTvelo gaxda satranzito qveyana trefikingis saerTaSoriso qselSi. saqarTveloSi adamianebis trefikingis an mis msxverplTa Sesaxeb srulyofili statistikuri monacemebi ar arsebobs, rac arTulebs Cvens qveyanaSi aRniSnuli danaSaulis sruli suraTis Seqmnas. Tumca Tu daveyrdnobiT eqspertTa monacemebs saqarTvelodan emigrirebulTa saerTo raodenobis Sesaxeb 800 aTass aRwevs, romelTa umravlesoba aralegalur SromiT saqmianobiTaa dakavebuli, SesaZlebelia am dana-Saulis gavrcelebis seriozul maStabebze Segveqmnas warmodgena. ukanasknel periodSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebam mniSvnelovani nabi-jebi gadadga am mimarTulebiT, rac amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis 2007 wlis angariSSi dadebiTad iqna Sefa-sebuli. saqarTvelos generaluri prokuraturis informaciiT, 2006 wels qve-yanaSi adamianiT vaWrobis faqtebTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba daiwyo 27 sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. sasamarTloSi gaigzavna 13 sisxlis sa-marTlis saqme 16 piris mimarT; aRniSnul danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT ganaCeni dadga 16 sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze 19 piris mimarT. adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis gaaqtiurebisaTvis am dana-Saulis prevenciis, msxverplTa dacvisa da danaSaulis efeqturi gaxsnisaTvis saqarTveloSi rogorc sakanonmdeblo doneze, ise praq-tikuli saqmianobis kuTxiT, mTeli rigi RonisZiebebi ganxorcielda. saerTaSoriso normebis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Setanili cvlilebebiT gamkacrda trefikingis CadenisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli sanqcia. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelis parlamentma mii-Ro kanoni _ “adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb”. kanonis safuZvelze, 2006 wels Seiqmna trefikingis msxverplTa, dazarebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondi; kanonma, aseve, gaiTvaliswi-na adamianiT trefikingis msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawesebulebis – TavSesafaris Seqmna. pirveli TavSesafari amoqmedda da masSi moTavse-buli arian trefikingis danaSaulis Sedegad dazaralebulad an msxverplad cnobili adamianebi. amasTan erTad saqarTvelos prezidentis 2006 wlis 1 seqtembris brZa-nebulebiT, Seiqmna adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Ronis-Ziebebis ganmaxorcielebeli sauwyebaTaSoriso mudmivmoqmedi sakoor-dinacio sabWo, romlis Tavmjdomarec aris saqarTvelos ¿prezidentis administraciis xelmZRvaneli.

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saqarTveloSi arsebobs adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis 2007-2008 wlebis samoqmedo gegma, romelic samTavrobo struqturebis, arasamTavrobo da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis war-momadgenlebma erToblivad SeimuSaves da qveynis prezidentis 2007 wlis 25 ianvris #23 brZanebulebiT damtkicda. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom saqarTvelos parlamentma 2006 wlis 22 dekem-bers moaxdina “adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZo-lis Sesaxeb” evropis sabWos konvenciis ratificireba. riTac Cveni qveyana SeuerTda evrosabWos wevr 47 qveyanas. riTac kidev erTi nabiji gadadga am problemas daZlevisaken, konven-ciis ZiriTadi SesaZleblobebi moicavs:

trefikingis msxverplTaTvis savaldebulo daxmarebis saSuale-bebi da refleqciis yvelaze mcire 30 dRiani periodi;

msxverplTaTvis cxovrebis uflebis micema ara mxolod Zalovan struqturebis TanamSromlobis safuZvelze, arameed adamianuri TvalsazrisiT;

“klientTa” kanondarRvevebad aRiarebis SesaZlebloba; trefikingis msxverplTa aradasjis statia; gaZlierebuli saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis sistema da damo-kidebuli meqanizmi, GRETA, romelic monitorings gauwevs mona-wile mxareTa mis saTanado ganxorcielebas.

aqve unda aRiniSos, rom konvenciis damuSavebaSi monawile eqspertebi Seecadnen SeeqmnaT universaluri cneba da struqturaSi CaerToT ada-mianTa transnacionaluri eqspluataciis yvela saxe, magram miuxeda-vad didi mcdelobisa maT es ver SeZles. bolomde srulad ar aris asaxuli am rTuli movlenis – trefikingis ZiriTadi niSnebi da spe-cifika. aqedan gamomdinare, aRniSnuli problemis irgvliv mimdiareobs saTanado RonisZiebebi, trefikingTan brZolisa da prevenciis meTode-bis SemdgomSi daxvewis mizniT. sakiTxis aqtualobis gaTvaliswinebiT, aRsaniSnavia is faqti rom, trefikingis problemasTan dakavSirebiT seriozuli kvleva qarTul enaze Zalian mwirea, cnobilia mxolod profesor giorgi Rlontis naSromi – “trefikingi”, amasTan sakmaod bevria, mcire masStabiani kvlevebi, statiebi, Sefasebebi saqarTveloSi trefikingis Sesaxeb maT Soris saerTaSoriso organizaciebis gansakuTrebiT Tavisi mniSvne-lobiT gamovyofdi aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentos yovelwliur moxsenebebs, romlebSic asaxulia saqarTveloSi Seqmnili realuri situacia da Sefasebebi. Rrma sagnobrivi analizi danaSaulis gamomwvev mizezebisa da pirobe-bis, Seswavla gvaZlevs maTi samarTlebrivad sworad aRqmis saSuale-bas praqtikuli da statistikuri monacemebis SefardebiT am saqmiano-bis gansazRvrul kanonmdeblobasTan. sakiTxis mimarT axleburma midgomam (Seswavlam da analizma) gviCvena, miel rig SemTxvevaSi aRniSuli problematika periodul saxecvlile-bas ganicdis, amdenad Tanamedrove doneze maTi Seswavla da praqti-kul saqmianobaSi danergva am danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis erT-erTi aucilebeli mizania da mas SeuZlia mravali siaxle Seitanos trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis problematikaSi.

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Cvens mier Seswavlili da gaanalizebuli masalisa da saerTaSoriso da erovnuli samarTlebrivi aqtebis Seswavla saSualebas gvaZlevs gamovitanoT Semdegi daskvnebi: 1. trefikingi warmoadgenda da dResac rCeba erT-erT umZimes, saer-

TaSoriso xasiaTis danaSaulad; 2. gaerosa da evrosabWos farglebSi miRebuli konvenciebi da dama-

tebiTi oqmebi, saSualebas iZleva saxelmwifoebma saerTaSoriso doneze Seqmnan qmediTi meqanizmebi trefikingTan brZolis saqmeSi;

3. trefikingTan brZolis saqmeSi, mniSvnelovan nabijad migvaCnia ormxrivi da mravalmxrivi xelSekrulebebis dadeba trefikingTan, gansakuTrebiT bavSvTa trefikingTan brZolis saqmeSi;

4. unda daixvewos saxelmwifo programa trefikingTan brZolis sa-kiTxebSi da ufro meti yuradReba mieqces trefikingis msxverplTa gamovlenis sakiTxebs;

5. mizanSewonilad migvaCnia sazogadoebrivma organizaciebma, saxelm-wifom, saerTaSoriso organizaciebma ufro efeqturad moaxdinon trefikingis arsis, meTodebis, masTan brZolis popularizacia, rac migvaCnia, rom efeqturi zoma iqneba. trefikingis potenciur msxverplTan muSaobis; sazogadoebis farTo fenebis informireba (ara kompaniurad aramed sistematurad) xels Seuwyobs am dana-SaulTan brZolas da profilaqtikas.

mixeil baZaRua grigol robaqiZis saxelobis

universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis doqtoranti, centris TanadamfuZnebeli


1. “adamianebiT vaWroba saqarTveloSi”, g. Rlonti, Tb., 2005w. 2. Kevin Bales Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy by University of

California, 1999. 3. m.v. baZaRua “jgufuri danaSaulobis evolucia”. minski, 2000 w. (ru-

sul enaze). 4. “ojaxuri Zaladoba da adamianebis trefikingi”. nino baqaquri, Tb _

2004w. 5. “gsurT Tu ara Rirseba, Tavisufleba da janmrTeloba gacvalo

galiaSi cxovrebaze?” migraciis saerTaSoriso organizaciis anga-riSi, kievi, 1998w.

6. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis trefikingisa da Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvis aqti 2000”

7. Trafficking of Migrants, Iom Policy and Responses. March, 1999. 8. Trafficking in Human Beings: Implications for the OSCE. Warsaw. 1999. 9. Country reports on human rights Practices for 2006 U.S. department of State. Washing-

ton D.C. 10. transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros

konvencia miRebuli 2000 wlis 15 noembers 11. transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros

konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi – adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis trefikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis Sesaxeb miRebuli 2000 wlis 12 dekembers.

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12. “evropis sabWos konvencia adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) wi-naaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb”. midebuli 2005 wlis 16 maiss.

13. adamianTa kontrabandis problemebi: euros amocanebi. mimoxilviTi konferencia seqtemberi 1999. konferenciis masalebi.

14. “trefikingis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli RonisZiebebis ganmaxorciele-beli sauwyebaTaSoriso sabWos sakoordinacio sabwos “ debuleba.

15. ssip “adamianiT vawrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazarale-bulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondis “ debuleba.

16. m.m. baZaRua adamianTa vaWroba (trefikingi) ¿_ samarTlebrivi dax-mareba mosaxleobisaTvis, samarTlebrivi normebi da rekomendacie-bi. q. Tbilisi 2007 w.

17. www.iom.int 18. www.police.ge 19. www.cspc.org.ge 20. www.dait-maeci.ge.ca/internationalcrime/human_trafficking-en.asp

mixeil baZaRua

adamianTa vaWroba (trefikingi) da saxelmwifo politika saqarTveloSi

reziume

naSromSi ganxilulia adamianTa vaWroba (trefikingi) da saxelmwifo politika mis mimarT saqarTveloSi. aqve aRniSnulia rom adamianebis trefikingis an mis msxverplTa Sesaxeb srulyofili statistikuri monacemebi ar arsebobs, rac arTulebs Cvens qveyanaSi aRniSnuli da-naSaulis sruli suraTis Seqmnas. naSromSi CamoTvlilia is mniSvenlovani nabijebi da RonisZiebebi ro-melic ukanasknel periodSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebam ganaxorcie-la am danaSaulis prevenciis, msxverplTa dacvisa da danaSaulis efeqturi gaxsnisaTvis. naSromSi, gaanalizebuli masalis, saerTaSo-riso da erovnuli samarTlebrivi aqtebis Seswavlis safuZvelze mo-cemulia daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi.

Михеил Бадзагуа

Торговля людьми (трефикинг) и государственная политика в Грузии

Резюме

В труде рассмотренны вопросы, связанные с торговлей людьми (трефикинг) и государственная политика по отношению к трефикингу в Грузии. Здесь же подчеркнуто, что по трефикингу и по жертвам трефикинга не имеются полноценные статистические данные, что затрудняет воссоздание полной картины этого преступления в нашей стране. В труде рассмотрены те важные шаги и мероприятия, которые в последнее время проводились правительством Грузии для превенции этого преступления, защиты жертв и эффективного раскрытия преступления. На основе анализа международных и национальных правовых актов представленны определëнные рекомендации.

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Mikheil Badzagua

Human trafficking and state policy in Georgia

The Summary In a theme is basically about trade in people (trefficking) and a state policy in relation to Trefficking in Georgia. Here it is underlined that, on trefficking and victims of Trefficking there are no high-grade statistical data that complicates a reconstruction of a full picture of this crime in our country. In work are stated those important steps and actions which recently were spent by the gov-ernment of Georgia for prevention of this crime, protection of victims and effective disclos-ing of a crime. Because of a analysis of the international and national legal certificates there are atated the conclusions and recommendations.

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TamTa SagulaSvili

trefikingi anu monoba XXI saukuneSi sityva trefikingi modis sityvidan “treffik”, rac sityva sityviT akrZaluli saqonliT vaWrobas niSnavs. dReisTvis ki am termins miRe-buli aqvs Semdegi mniSvneloba: “adamianiT vaWroba”. monobis procesze dakvirveba SeiZleba jer kidev monaTmflobeluri periodidan daviwyoT. adre, rodesac Savkanian adamianebs monebad hyidden es savsebiT normaluri iyo. Sors aRar wavideT da vnaxavT, rom saqarTveloSic iyo uamravi aseTi Cvens qveyanaSi xom tyveebiT vaWroba ¿XIX ss-is meore naxevramde gagrZelda. amis TvalnaTeli ma-galiTi ki qarTuli filmi “mamluqi”, sadac patara bavSvebs itaceben da ucxo qveynebSi tyveebad yidian. magram rodesac miiRes deklara-cia adamianis Tanasworobis Sesaxeb yvelaferi Seicvala. Zalian cota adamiani Tu gabedavs sxvis cxovrebaSi da uflebebSi Carevas. trefikingi ra Tqma unda didi globaluri problemaa. es aris XXI saukunis monoba. miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven vcxovrobT civilizebul samyaroSi, sadac aris konstitucia, bevri adamiani rasisa da waro-mavlobis ganurCevlad xdeba mona, anu trefikingis msxverpli. amis mizezi ki yvelasaTvis cnobilia. rogor SeiZleba gaveqceT monobas?! (trefikings). samwuxarod am bolo dros Cven Tavad sakuTari Tavis monobaSi vimyofebiT. trefikingi anu adamianiT vaWroba mravalgvaria, es xdeba rogorc patara bavSvebSi ise mozardebSi da arasrulwlova-nebSi. igi moicavs: adamianiT iZulebiT prostitucias an sxva saxis Zaladobas, iZulebiT muSaobas an organoebis gadanergvas, magram me minda yuradReba gavamaxvilo iZulebiT prostituciaze, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba qalebSi, ufro xSirad ki axalgazrdebSi da aras-rulwlovanebSi. trefikingis gamomwvevi mizezebia: umuSevroba, ekonomikuri uTanaswo-roba, socialuri diskriminacia da a.S. trefikingis magaliTebi xSir SemTxvevaSi msoflios Rarib regionebSi xdeba iq sadac naklebi eko-nomikuri da socialuri pirobebia, sadac xalxi iZulebulia umuSev-robis, arasrulyofili ganaTlebisa da arasakmarisi finansebis gamo xeli moaweros iseT xelSekrulebas, romelic SeiZleba arakanonieri aRmoCndes da SemdgomSi is adamiani trefikingis msxverpli gaxdes. uamravi adamiani, romelic eZebs samuSaos, an surs saswavleblad sazRvargareT wasvla trefikiorebi pirdebian karg anazRaurebad sa-muSaos, swavlis xarisxs, SemdgomSi isini eqspluatatorebis msxverplni da iZulebiT prostituciaSi CaTreulni xdebian. adamianebiT vaWroba (trefikingi) ukve ramdenime welia saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis SeSfoTebis sagans warmoadgens, rac sami ZiriTadi faq-toriT aris ganpirobebuli. 1. pirveli faqtori Tavad am danaSaulis simZimea. trefikingi uxeSad

Telavs adamianis fundamentur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebas. mis pativsa da Rirsebas, warmoadgens safrTxes adamianis Tavisuflebis fsiqikur da fizikur janmrTelobasa da TviT misi sicocxlisaT-visac ki. trefikingis danaSaulis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi umrav-les SemTxvevaSi aris fsiqikuri da fizikuri Zaladoba, an Zala-dobis muqara Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, iZuleba, monur mdgomareobaSi Cayeneba.

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2. meore faqtori aris am danaSaulis gavrcelebis marTlac SemaS-foTebeli masStabebi. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebiT yovel wels 600 000 aTasidan 800 000 aTasamde kaci, qali da bavSvi xdeba trefikingis msxverpli, maT Soris daaxloebiT 80% qalebi da axalgazrda gogonebi arian, aqe-dan 50% procenti ki mozardebi. trefikingi msoflios yvela kon-tinentze da TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSia gavrcelebuli. ganviTarebadi qveynebi ZiriTadad warmoadgenen warmoSobis saxelmwifoebs, rom-lis moqalaqe an iq mudmivad mcxovrebi piri aris adamianiT vaWro-bis msxverpli. saidanac adamianebi movaWreebs trefikingis msxverplni tranzitis saxelmwifoebis gavliT (saxelmwifo, ro-lis teritoriis gavliTac xorcieldeba adamianiT vaWroba tre-fingi) an pirdapir gadahyavT daniSnulebis saxelmwifoSi. (saxelm-wifo, romlis teritoriaze adamianis vaWrobis msxverpls uweven eqspluatacias) metwilad dasavleT evropasa da aSS-Si. xSirad er-Ti qveyana SeiZleba iyos, rogorc warmoSobis ise tranzitisa da daniSnulebis saxelmwifoc, magaliTad CineTi.

3. mesame faqtors warmoadgens is, rom trefikingi iaraRsa da narko-tikebis ukanono brunvasTan erTad erT-erT yvelaze Semosavlian wyaros warmoadgens, organizebul danaSaulebrivi dajgufebebi-saTvis, marTlac gamoTvlebiT trefikingsac yovelwliurad daax-loebiT 7 miliardis mogeba moaqvs danaSaulebrivi samyarosTvis.

trefikingis problemebi mwvaved dgas saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelo Zi-riTadad warmoSobisa da tranzitis saxelmwifoa, saidanac trefikin-gis msxverplni metwilad germaniaSi, TurqeTSi, saberZneTSi da arabe-Tis emiratebSi gadahyavT. bolo 2-3 wlis ganmavlobaSi xelisuflebam mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadadga trefikingis winaaRmdeg. 2006 wlis 28 aprils saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb, romliTac dadge-nilia saxelmwifo struqturaTa valdebulebebi da gasatarebeli Ro-nisZiebaTa saxeebi trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. saqarTvelos ss kodeqsis 143-e muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT ada-mianiT vaWroba isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 7-dan 12-wlamde, Tanam-debobis dakavebis, an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT, erTi wlis vadiT, xolo 143-e muxlis meore nawilis mixedviT arasrulwlovanis yidva an gayidva, mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve misi gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, tranporti-reba, agreTve misi gadacema Sefareba, anda miReba eqspluataciis miz-niT isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 8-da 12 wlamde, Tanamdebobis daka-vebis, an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT erTi wlis vadiT. kanonebis garda Cven SegviZlia uamravi magaliTi moviyvanoT trefi-kingze. Zalian Sors Tu ar wavalT vnaxavT, rom aseT faqtebs Cven Zi-riTadad televiziis, filmebsa da presis saSualebiT vgebulobT, ma-gram kargad, rom davufiqrdeT mivxvdebiT, rom yoveldRiurad cxov-rebaSi Tumca SeiZleba ufro msubuq formebSi bevri aseTi ram xdeba, bazrobebze, quCebSi da a.S. xalxs amuSaveben, analzRaurebas ar ux-dian, an uxdian mcires, Seusabamos axalgazrda gogonebi xSir SemTx-vevaSi arasrulwlovanebi CamohyavT soflebidan, SemohyavT sazRvarga-reTidan an gahyavT da prostitucias aiZuleben. amasgarda axalgazrda

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bavSvebs itaceben, zogs organoebs aclian da hyidian, zogs garegno-bas umaxinjeben axloblebma rom ver icnon da quCaSi maTxvrobas ai-Zuleben. axalgazrdebi motyuebiT miyavT sazRvargareT saswavleblad, eqskur-siebze, an cekvis da a.S. gastrolebis saxiT da Semdeg maTze sxva-dasxva Zaladobis formebiT moqmedeben. es savsebiT araadamianuri da araeTikuri qmedebaa, amis Cadena albaT mxolod ugrZnobel da gulqva adamians SeuZlia. saqarTveloSi moxda erTi aseTi magaliTi: axalgazrda gogona trefi-kiorebma prostituciisaTvis gaiyvanes, iqidan ki viRac keTilSobilma adamianma Seiwyala da gamoapara, Tan gaafrTxila aravis endoo. amis Semdeg gogona erTma moxucma col-qmarma ipoves, 6 Tve TavisTan amyo-fes da saqarTveloSi daabrunes SemdgomSi ki is adamianebi vinc es gogona gaiyvanes sazRvargareT aRmoCnda, rom realurad ar arsebobd-nen da maTi saxelebi gayalbebuli iyo. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2006 wlis 18 ivlisis #437 brZanebulebiT Seiqmna adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa dazaralebulTa dacvis da daxmarebis fon-di, rolis miznebia:

a) adamianiT vaWrobis, msxverplTa daxmareba da maTi kanonieri interesebis dacva.

b) trefikingis msxverplTa TavSesafriT iuridiuli, fsiqolo-giuri an sxva saxis momsaxurebiT uzrunvelyofa.

g) trefikingis msxverplTa reabilitaciis ojaxsa da sazogadoebaSi sruli reintegraciis xelSewyoba. d) trefikingis msxverplTaTvis kompensaciis gacema.

prezidnetis 2006 wlis pirveli seqtembris brZanebulebiT damtkicda adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli RonisZiebebis ganmaxorcie-lebeli sauwyebaTaSoriso sakoordinato sabWos amocanebi: adamianiT vaWrobis Tavidan acileba, mis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da trefikingis msxverplad dacvis sferoSi Sesabamisi saxelmwifo organoebisaTvis gansazRvruli funqciebis efeqturad ganxorcielebaSi, xelis Sewyoba da maTi saqmianobis koordiancia da a.S. 2006 wlis 22 dekembers saqarTvelos parlamentma moaxdina evropis sabWos mier 2005 wlis 16 maiss miRebuli “adamianebiT vaWrobis (tre-fikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb” konvenciis ratificireba. kon-venciam gaiTvaliswina adamianebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis miz-niT eqspertTa jgufis Seqmna (GRETA), romelic monitorings gauwevs monawileTa mier konvenciis ganxorcielebas (GRETA wevrebs arCevs monawileTa komiteti oTxi wlis vadiT. konvenciis monawile saxelm-wifoTa moqalaqeebidan). saerTaSoriso Tu Sidasaxelmwifoebriv normatiul aqtebSi ganmtkice-buli debulebebi yvela kanonier safuZvels da pirobas qmnis imisT-vis, rom maqsimalurad iqnes daculi adamianTa vaWrobis msxverplTa uflebebi, ganxorcieldes damnaSaveTa efeqturi sisxlis samarTle-brivi devna da moxdes trefikingis Tavidan acileba. TumcaRa am yve-lafers sisruleSi moyvanisa da realobad qcevisTvis ara mxolod normatiuli aqtebi, aramed saxelmwifo struqturebic TanamSromelTa keTilsindisieri damokidebuleba da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aqtiu-ri TanamSromloba iqneba saWiro.

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seqsualuri eqspluataciis mizniT adamianTa trefikingi vrceldeba erovnul sazRvrebs da aqedan gamomdinare am movlenasTan brZolisa da msxverplTa dacvisaTvis saWiroa pan-evropuli strategiis Seqmna, evropis saxelmwifoTa Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis harmonizacia. amasgarda imisTvis, rom adamiani ar gaxdes trefikingis msxverpli sa-Wiro, am adamianma kargad gamoarkvios Tu ra xelSekrulebas debs ama Tu im organizaciasTan. saWiroa darwmundes, rom es organizacia ka-nonierad arsebobs da amis dasturi miiRos an am qveynis saelCoSi, an romelime kanonieri gziT. adamiani ubralod yovelgvari kanonebis gauTvaliswineblobiT ar un-da miendos ucxo organizaciis warmomadgenlobas, ar unda andos Ta-visi pasporti sxvas, ar unda gamoexmauros saeWvo gancxadebebs, sazR-vargareT swavlasa an samuSaos Sesaxeb, magram Tu mainc gamoexmaureba wasvlamde da xelSekrulebis dadebamde unda gamoarkvios arsebobs Tu ara es organizacia kanonierad da aqvs Tu ara raime kanonieri sa-buTi arsebobisa. amas garda adamiani, rom ar gaxdes trefikingisa da trefikiorebis msxverpli didi wvlili amaSi mTavrobamac unda Seitanos, didi yura-dReba unda mieqces yvela saxis trefikingis gavrcelebis, safrTxes da aseve daculni unda iyvnen msxverplnic. unda gakeTdes sxvadasx-vagvari reklamebi, gancxadebebi, aqciebi, saWiroa tardebodes treinin-gebi trefikingis winaaRmdeg, skolebi unda iyos uzrunvelyofilni, rom saklaso programa Seicavs eqspluataciis, seqsualuri Zaladobi-sa trefikingis safrTxis Sesaxeb informacias, romlis winaSec aR-moCndnen bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi da maT mier Tavis dacvis gzebi. es informacia aseve unda gadaecemodes mSoblebsa da saganmanaTleblo sistemis miRma myof axalgazrdebSi. adamiani kargad unda icnobdes im safrTxis Tavidan acilebis gzebs rasac trefikingi hqvia.

TamTa SagulaSvili Qq. Tbilisis 137-e sajaro skolis moswavle

q. Tbilisis bavSvTa sakrebulos wevri


1. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi 2. www.wikipedia.org 3. www.internet.ge 4. www.google.ge

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TamTa SagulaSvili

trefikingi anu monoba XXI saukuneSi reziume

am TemaSi mocemulia dReisaTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi tre-fikingi (adamianebiT vaWroba), romelic am bolo dros Zalzed aqtua-luri problemaa Cvens sazogadoebaSi. Trefikingi es aris XXI-s saukunis monoba, romlis msxverplic arian, rogorc arasrulwlovanebi, ise srulwlovanebi. ufro xSirad ki qa-lebi. am danaSaulis ganxorcieleba SeiZleba moxdes, rogorc msxverplis sazRvargareT gayvaniT ise qveynis sazRvrebs SigniT. am TemaSi aseve mocemuli trefikingis gamomwvevi mizezebi da is Ziri-Tadi miRebuli kanonebi, wesebi da a.S, romlebmac SeiZleba Tavidan agvacilos trefikingis danaSauli, aseve mocemulia is organizaciebi, romlebic anxorcieleben antitrefikings da amuSaveben mis winaaRmdeg brZolis sxvadasxva saSualebebs da kidev is Tu rogor SeiZleba mo-viqceT, rom Tavidan aviciloT es araadamianuri problema, rasac trefikigni hqvia.

Тамта Шагулашвили

Трефикинг или рабство в XXI веке

Резюме В этой теме затрагивается на сегодняшний день один из важнейших вопросов, проблема трефикинга (торговля людьми), который является одним из актуальных проблем в нашем обществе. Трефикинг, это рабство в XXI веке, жертвами которого являются как совершеннолетние, так и несовершеннолетние, и чаще всего женщины. Это может происходить как выводом жертв за границу, так и внутри страны. В статье рассмотренны все проблемные вопросы связанные с трефикингом. Здесь также даны причины, вызывающие трефикинг и принятые основные законы, правила и т.д. которые дают возможность защитить нас от трефикинга. Также дан анализ тех организации, которые борятся с трефикингом, и обрабатывают разные методы борьбы, рассмотренны вопросы как нужно себя вести, чтобы предотвратить эту проблему, которая называется трефикингом.

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Tamta Shagulashvili

Human trafficking or slavery in the XXI century

Resume We want to speak about one of the most important question, which unfortunately takes place in our daily life and is one of the actual problem in our society about trafficking (selling of people). Trafficking is a slavery of XXI century and its victims may be adults, teenagers and little ones as well. More often they may be woman. Victims of trafficking may be taken from the country abroad and it also may happen inside of it. We also speak about the reasons of trafficking and about those laws and rules which can pro-tect us from it. It is also written here about those anti-trafficking organizations which make different kinds of methods for fighting with this problem. And of course, how to behave in order to stop this inhuman problem which has the name trafficking.

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sofio barnabiSvili, eka saaTaSvili

trefikingi - axalgazrdobis “gadarCenis” gza

socialuri pirobebis gauaresebam sazogadoebaSi nihilisturi ganwyo-ba dabada. gadarCenisTvis brZola aucileblobiT SeiniRba. elementa-ruli bunebrivi moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba gaWirda, mizani – gaegrZelebina arseboba ukve yvela saSualebas amarTlebda. amgvarma formam xeli Seuwyo transnacionalur danaSaulad wodebul trefi-kings mZlavrad gaedga fesvebi, rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis far-glebs gareT. trefikingi (adamianiT vaWroba) adamianis prostituciis an sxva saxis seqsualur eqspluatacias, iZulebiT Sromas an momsaxurebas, monobis msgavs mdgomareobaSi yofnas gulisxmobs, rogorc qveynis SigniT ise mis farglebs gareT. gamoiyo migrantebis xuTi ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: ruseTi-dsT, kanada, dasavleT-centraluri evropa, TurqeT-saberZneTi da israeli. dResdReisobiT adamianis trefikingi, rogorc danaSauli, Tavisi simZimiTa da gavrcelebis arealiT, aseve misgan miRebuli uka-nono Semosavlebis odenobiT, narkotikebiTa da iaraRiT vaWrobis Semdeg mesame adgils ikavebs. gaeros monacemebiT yovelwliurad 2.000.000 adamiani xdeba adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpli – umravlesoba maTgani qalebi da bavSvebis. zogadi analizis safuZvelze yovelw-liurad misi Semosavali 8 miliard aSS dolars Seadgens. iZulebiTi muSaoba anu aralegaluri migrantebis gamoyeneba ZiriTadad sam sfe-roSi xdeba: soflis meurneoba, mSenebloba da seqsindustria. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, yovelgvari mosamzadebeli periodis gavlis gareSe miRebulma damoukideblobam, faseulobaTa gadafasebam da socialuri pirobebis gauaresebam migraciis msurvelTa ricxvi erTiorad gazarda. sazRvrebis gaxxsnasTan erTad ekonomikurad gan-viTarebul qveynebs aRmosavleT evropisa da yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebidan emigrirebulTa didi nakadi miawyda karg anazRaurebad sa-muSaosa da cxovrebis ukeTesi piobebis molodinSi, ramac aRniSnul danaSauls aqamde arnaxuli maStabebi SesZina. gazeT “jorjian Taims-Si” gamoqveynda interviu belgiis samefo konsulTan saqarTveloSi pier orlovTan: “ Cveni qveyana farTod gaSlili xelebiT Rebulobda devnilebs postsabWoTa qveynebidan, maT Soris saqarTvelodan. isini Tavs politikur devnilebad asaRebdnen, sinamdvileSi ki ekonomikuri devnilebi iyvnen. umetesoba cxovrebis ukeTes pirobebs eZebda, vzru-navdiT maTze da garkveuli drois Semdeg vaniWebdiT ltolvilis statuss.” belgiis samefo is erT-erTi saxelmwifoa, sadac migrantebs lmobierad eqcevian da rogorc socialur ise samarTlebriv dacvas sTavazoben. migraciis msurvelTa umetesoba realur safrTxes racio-nalurad ver iazrebs. saqarTveloc erT_erTia im postsabWoTa sivr-cidan romlisTvisac adamianiT vaWroba anu trefikingi nacnob movle-nad iqca... Cveni qveynis magaliTze migraciis survils mZime socialur ekonomi-kuri pirobebis arseboba iwvevs. es farTo cneba Tavis mxriv moicavs umuSevrobis maRali koeficientisa da saarsebo minimumze dabali xelfasis arsebobas, romelic gaweuli samuSaos eqvivalenturi namd-vilad araa. imdenad didia gadarCenis survili, miTumetes axalgazr-debSi, rom isini advilad Tanxmdebian gaemgzavron ganviTarebul qvey-nebSi, iyvnen aralegalebi da gamoiyenon yvela iqauri samarTlebrivi

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saSualeba, rom Tavi politikur devnilebad gaasaRon da amiT maTi realuri statusi damajereblad SeniRbon. Cveulebrivi moqalaqisaTvis, romelsac klasikuri iuridiuli gana-Tleba ar gaaCnia am saxis transnacionaluri danaSauli mxolod da mxolod kargad momuSave seqsindustriasTan asocirdeba. sazogadoeba naklebadaa anformirebuli am tipis danaSaulis Sesaxeb da albaT arc fiqrobs, rom msxverpli TiToeuli Cvengani nebismier dros SeiZ-leba gaxdes rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis farglebs gareT. amgvari mosazrebis Camoyalibebas xeli iman Seuwyo, rom aqcenti sazRvrebs gareT seqsindustriaSi Cabmul pirebze keTdeba, radgan realurad es adamianTa eqspluataciis yvelaze rTul formas warmoadgens. zemoT aRniSnul prioritetul qveynebSi aralegali migrantebis ricxvi im-denad didia, rom adgilobrivi sakanonmdeblo organoebi mividnen daskvnemde SeeqmnaT aralegalTa uflebebis damcveli samarTlebrivi aqtebi. trefikingTan sabrZolvelad msoflio masStabiT tardeba pre-venciuli xasiaTis RonisZiebebi, cvlilebebi mimdinareobs gaerTiane-buli erebis organizaciaTa kanonmdeblobaSi, maT Soris saqaeTvelo-Sic. saxelmwifoTa sxvadasxva gaerTianebebi mividnen daskvnamde, rom transnacionaluri danaSaulis momwesrigebeli erTiani samarTlebrivi dokumentis miReba aucileblobas warmoadgenda. am TemasTan dakavSi-rebiT miRebul iqna Semdegi saxis saerTaSoriso aqtebi:

gaeros konvenciis oqmi “transnacionaluri organizebuli dana-Saulis winaaRmdeg”;

gaeros konvencia “transacionaluri danaSaulis winaaRmdeg”; evrosabWos konvencia “adamianiT ukanono vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb”.

aSS-sa da belgiis kanonmdeblobiT trefikingis msxverpli daculia samarTlebrivi da materialuri kuTxiT. aSS-s kanonmdebloba:

aSS-m 2000 wels miiRo specialuri kanoni – “trefikingisa da Zalado-bis msxverplTa dacvis aqti 2000”, romliTac SeerTebulma Statebma aRiara, rom trefikingis msxverplTa mimarT adgili aqvs adamianis uflebaTa umZimes darRvevebs da saxelmwifo valdebulia uzrunvel-yos isini dacviTa da daxmarebiT. aRniSnuli kanoniT moxda trefikingis kriminalizacia da Seiqmna da-naSaulis msxverplTa dacvis sistema. kanonis Tanaxmad, trefikingis msxverpli uflebamosilia yvela im socialuri sargeblisa da mom-saxurebis miRebaze, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia ltolvilTaTvis. imisaTvis rom pirs mieniWos trefikingis msxverplis statusi, is un-da akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs: samarTaldamcavi organoebis SefasebiT unda iyos msxverpli da potenciuri mowme momaval sasa-marTlo procesze, fizikurad imyofebodes aSS-s teritoriaze trefi-kingis Sedegad, daTanxmdes samarTaldamcav organoebTan TanamSrom-lobaze da arsebobdes safuZvliani varaudi, rom samSobloSi dabru-nebis Sedegad mas emuqreba seriozuli safrTse. aseTi pirisaTvis aSS-Si darCenis nebarTva “T vizis” saxiT gaicema generaluri prokuroris mier gacemuli mimarTvis safuZvelze.

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pirs, romelsac mieniWeba trefikingis msxverplis statusi, ufleba aqvs miiRos pirveladi ufaso samedicino daxmareba da informacia sa-kuTari uflebebis Sesaxeb. samarTaldamcavi organoebi valdebulebi arian aseTi adamiani gaugzavnon trefikingis msxverplTa dacvaze mo-muSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, romlebic aSS-Si yofnis pe-riodSi msxverpls uweven socialur, fsiqologiur da iuridiul dax-marebas. “T viza” mis mflobels uflebas aZlevs legalurad imuSaos SeerTebuli Statebis teritoriaze. Tu arsebobs trefikingis msxver-plisa da misi ojaxis wevrebisadmi angariSsworebis safuZvliani sa-SiSroeba, “T viza” SeiZleba gaices ojaxis wevrebzec. Tu trefikingis msxverplis statusis mqone piri, romelic flobs “T vizas” da am safuZvelze imyofeboda SeerTebuli StatebSi sam welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi, gamoirCeoda kargi yofaqceviT da gauwia mniSvnelovani daxmareba samarTaldamcav organoebs an amerikis teri-toriis datovebis SemTxvevaSi emuqreba safuZvliani safrTxe, genera-luri prokuroris gadawyvetilebiT mas SeiZleba mieces aSS-s teri-toriaze mudmivad cxovrebis nebarTva. rac Seexeba belgiis kanonmdeblobas: dResdReobiT belgiis kanonmdeboba trefikingis sferoSi evropaSi yvelaze progresulia. trefikingis Sesaxeb normebi Sesulia belgiis imigraciis Sesaxeb kanonsa da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi danaSau-lad akvalificirebs trefikings iZulebiTi prostituciis mizniT, xolo imigraciis kanoni yvela sxva saxis trefikings. Tu arseobs eWvi, rom piri trefikingis msxverplia, policiis TanamS-romeli valdebulia daukavSirdes trefikingis msxverplTa dacvaze momuSave sami arasamTavrobo orgaizaciidan erT-erTs. es organiza-ciebi saxelmwifos mier aRWurvilia specialuri nebarTviT socialu-ri, samedicino da iuridiuli daxmareba gauwios trefikingis msxver-plebs da warmoadginos isini sasamarTloSi. msxverpls eZleva 45-dRiani mosafiqrebeli periodi, raTa gadawyvitos, apirebs Tu ara sa-CivriT mimarTos samarTaldamcav organoebs. am xnis ganmavlobaSi is imyofeba zemoaRniSnuli organizaciebis mier mowyobil TavSesafarSi da sargeblobs socialuri, samedicino da fsiqologiuri daxmarebiT, aseve gaeweva iuridiuli konsultacia misi statusisa da uflebebis Sasaxeb. 45 dRis gasvlis Semdeg, Tu msxverpli ar moisurvebs saCivris Setanas, moxdeba misi qveynidan deportacia. im SemTxvevaSi Tu msxverpli gadawyvitavs iCivlos, mas eZleva axali 3-Tviani darCenis ufleba. aRniSnuli vada SasaZlebelia kidev 6 TviT gagrZeldes, Tu am xnis ganmavlobaSi winaswari gamoZieba ar dasrul-da an saqme ar gadaeca sasamarTlos. saerTo jamSi, msxverpls ufleba aqvs belgiis teritoriaze kanonierad imyofebodes gamoZiebisa da sa-samarTlo procesebis dasrulebamde. belgiis kanonmdeblobiT gaTva-liswinebulia trefikingis msxverplisaTvis qveyanaSi ganusazRvreli vadiT cxovrebis nebarTvis gacema mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mis mier miwodebulma informaciam gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa trefikingSi dam-naSaveTa gamovlenasa da sasamarTlos winaSe wardgenaSi da Tu sasa-marTlo dasrulda gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT. yvelaze mniSvnelovani rac belgiis kanonmdeblobas aSS-s kanonmde-blobisagan ganasxvavebs, 45-dRiani mosafiqrebeli periodia. es perio-

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di aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom msxverplma miiRos pirveli socialu-ri da fsiqologiuri daxmareba, mSvidad gaacnobieros sakuTari mdgo-mareoba da gadawyvitos, surs Tu ara samarTaldamcav organoebTan TanamSromloba. aseTi mosafiqrebeli vada met-naklebi xangrZlivobiT evropis sxva qveynebis (niderlandebi, germania) kanonmdeblobiTac aris gaTvaliswinebuli, Tumca am kanonierebis naklovaneba isaa, rom yvela saxis iZulebiTi Sroma trefikingad ar kvalificirdeba. Cvens qveyanaSi bolo wlebis manZilze mravali RonisZieba ganxor-cielda, daweerilia proeqti trefikingis msxverplTa dasaxmareblad rogorc socialuri ise samarTlebrivi kuTxiT. saqarTvelos parla-mentma 2006 wlis 28 aprils miiRo adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb kanoni, romelic gansazRvravs saqarTve-loSi adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Tavidan acilebisa da mis wi-naaRmdeg brZolis samarTlebriv da organizaciul safuZvlebs, tre-fikis winaaRmdeg mimarTul RonisZiebebSi saxelmwifo organoTa, Ta-namdebobis pirTa da iuridiul pirTa uflebamosilebebs, valdebule-bebsa da maTi saqmianobis koordinaciis wess; kanoni aseve areguli-rebs trefikingis msxverplTa samarTlebriv mdgomareobas, maTi so-cialuri da samarTlebrivi dacvis garantiebs. SevecdebiT ufro detalurad gavamaxviloT Tqveni yuradReba im mize-zebsa da garemoebebze, Tu ratom iqca trefikingi axalgazrdobis “gadarCenis” gzad. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam ekonomikuri arastabilu-roba gamoiwvia, am qaosSi ki Cveni mSoblebis mxolod mcire nawilma naxa gamosavali – sakuTari ojaxisa da Svilebis gadasarCenad sazRv-rebs iqiT mouwia gadaxvewa. aq darCenilebs ki dabalanazRaurebadi samsaxuri an umuSevroba xvdaT wilad, ramac maTi ojaxebi siRatakam-de miiyvana. iqidan Tavis daRwevis valdebuleba ki maT Svilebs gadae-caT asasruleblad. amitom trefikingi anu adamianiT vaWroba Cveni Taobis aqtualur problemad iqca. mZime socialuri pirobebi axal-gazrdebis fsiqikaze uaryofiTad aisaxeba da Tavisebur daRs asvams mas. vinc cxovrebiseul problemasTan SeZlebs gamklavebas, sabo-lood, is gadarCeba – gadarCenisa da sicocxlis survili TiToeul Cvengans gaaTmagebuli aqvs Tundac imitom, rom axalgazrdebi varT. roca qveyana viTardeba da cxovreba win midis arseboba sicocxlis survilad iqceva xolme. xSir SemTxvevaSi survili mxolod natvrad rCeba da mis asaxdenad TiToeul Cvengans realuri SesaZlebloba ar gaaCnia. Zlierdeba da viTardeba kerZo seqtori uamravi SemoTavazeba arsebobs maTi mxridan Wkviani axalgazrdebis mimarT... miuxedavad ami-sa problema – umuSevroba isev mougvarebelia da gamosavali mxolod Teoriul xasiaTs atarebs, radgan sakmarisia SromiTi urTierToba daamyaro romelime SemomTavazebelTan da itvirTo damqiraveblis valdebuleba, Cvendauneburad vxdebiT trefikingis msxverplni im ga-gebiT, rom moTxovnebi maqsimaluria, xolo Sesrulebuli samuSaos eqvivalenturi anazRaureba praqtikulad ar arsebobs. umravlesoba fiqrobs, rom jobia gqondes dabali anazRaureba da iyo Sens qveyana-Si, vidre izrdebodes Tanxa, iyo aralegali da gemuqrebodes trefi-kingi. sazogadoebis es mosazreba savsebiT misaRebia, magram esec ma-Rali idealebis Semcvleli Teoriaa. misasalmebelia saxelmwifos mxridan gatarebuli reformebi, rogorc samarTlebrivi ise praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, SemuSavda uamravi so-cialuri programa, magram maTSi monawile pirTa raodenobis minimumi sazogadoebaSi keTilganwyobas jerjerobiT ver badebs. progresia am

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programis arseboba, magram isini adamians cxovrebis survils ver um-Zafreben. rodesac axalgazrda xar da xvdebi, rom saxelmwifos mier gaweuli daxmareba yvelas ar yofnis, midixar daskvnemde – Tu gaqvs mcirediT meti SesaZlebloba sxvebTan SedarebiT, datovo sazRvrebi da waxvide ucxo qveyanaSi sakuTari momavlis gadasarCenaT. roca elementaruli moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis survili ar emTxveva Cvens SesaZleblobebs, midixar riskze, veRar fiqrob mosalodnel Se-degebze da upirobod ewerebi trefikingis samsxverplo siaSi. ukano-nod gadakveTili samSoblos sazRvari, danaSaulia romelic sazoga-doebisa da ukve qarTveli samarTaldamcavebis azriT samarTaldarR-vevad ar unda CaeTvalos trefikingis msxverpls, radgan gadarCenis mizani gamoyenebul yvela saSualebas namdvilad amarTlebs. sazoga-doebis azriT, radgan am danaSaulis mizezi mZime ekonomikuri pirobe-bia, maT moraluri da materialuri daxmareba WirdebaT, amasTan erT-erT efeqtur saSualebad Sesabamisi ucxouri samarTaldamcavi orga-noebis mxridan gaweuli daxmareba iTvleba – trefikingis msxverplTa samSobloSi dabrunebis mizniT. saqarTvelos prezidentma aqtiurad imuSava saerTaSoriso aqtebis ra-tificirebaze, xelisuflebam prevenciuli xasiaTis RonisZiebebi gaa-tara, romelic konkretul qmedebebSi aisaxa:

2006 wlis 16 ivniss Seiqmna adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondi, romlis mizania adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa daxmareba da maTi kanonieri interesebis dacva.

2006 wlis ivlisSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seiqmna adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa momsaxurebis pirveli dawe-sebuleba – TavSesafari, romelSic uzrunvelyofilia msxverplTa iuridiuli, fsiqologiuri, samedicino da sxva saxis momsaxureba, maTi reabilitaciis da ojaxsa da sazoga-doebaSi sruli reintegraciis xelSewyoba.

daigegma da mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi Catarda 2007 wlis meore naxevarSi adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa meore TavSesafris gasaxsnelad aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi.

saqarTvelos prezidentis 2006 wlis 1 seqtembris brZanebulebiT Seiqmna adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg mimarTuli RonisZiebebis ganmaxorcielebeli sauwyebaTaSoriso sakoordi-nacio sabWo, romelmac manamde moqmedi saqarTvelos erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWosTan arsebuli adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikin-gis) winaaRmdeg brZolis droebiTi sauwyebaTaSoriso komisia Secvala.

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2006 wlis 28 dekembris brZanebiT damtkicda erTiani sainformacio bankis Seqmnis wesi. erTiani sainformacio bankis Seqmnis mizania adamianiT movaWre-Ta identifikaciis xelSewyoba, maT Sesaxeb sxvadasxva uwyebaSi arsebuli informaciis sistematizacia da adamianiT vaWrobasTan (trefikingTan) sabrZolvelad saxelmwifo organoTa efeqturi urTierTTanamSromlobis, koordinaciisa da mobilizaciis xelSewyoba.

saqarTvelos prezidentis 178 (2007w.) brZanebulebiT damtkicda adamia-niT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa identificirebis erTiani standartebi da wesi, romlis mixedviTac msxverpli pirvelad kon-taqts amyarebs sasazRvro policiasTan an sxva nebismier uwyebasTan,

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romelTa mxridanac unda moxdes msxverplTaTvis uflebebis ganmarte-ba da socialuri Tu samarTlebrivi daxmarebis aRmoCena Sesabamisi mobiluri jgufebis daxmarebiT. pirvel rigSi maT unda ganemartoT, rom danaSaulSi monawileobisaTvis, rogorc dazaralebuls ssp ar daekisreba. imisaTvis rom am danaSaulis msxverplTa siaSi axalgazrdebis ricxvi odnav mainc Semcirdes xelisuflebam odnav mainc unda izrunos, rom gacemuli Tanxebi: premiebis, stipendiebis, xelfasis saxiT Sesamabiso-baSi moiyvanos moqalaqis mier gasawev xarjebTan, iyos xarjebze meti da ara naklebi. roca adamiani grZnobs, rom misi daxarjuli Sroma fasdeba, mas Sromisunarianoba uaTmagdeba da didi survili uCndeba imisa, rom sakuTari warmateba da keTildReoba samSoblos wamatebad da keTildReobad aqcios, xelisuflebasTan erTad daicvas sajaro interesebi da iamayos imiT, rom am qveynis Rirseuli moqalaqea. pro-blema calmxrivi arasodes araa, saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebul RonisZiebebSi aqtiuri monawileoba unda miviRoT. ukeTes momavalze zrunva Sedegiani maSinaa, roca es survili, rogorc saxelmwifos ise TiToeul Cvengans amoZravebs. arsebulis Sefaseba, misi gakritikeba da sakuTari azris dafiqsireba misaRebia, magram umjobesia Tu TiToeu-li Cvengani ecdeba vurCioT xelisuflebas rogor aqcion Cveni “dawu-nebuli” “mowonebulad”. roca qveyana gardamaval etapzea rTulia moiTxovo mkveTri qmedebebi da miTumetes am moqmedebaTa maqsimaluri dakmayofileba. TiToeul Cvengans marTebs dafiqreba – mTavaria vebrZoloT mizezebs da ara uk-ve damdgar Sedegebs. trefikingis Sesaxeb saubari bolo wlebis man-Zilze gaaqtiurda, Tumca mxolod profesionalTa Soris am Temaze saubari problemas ver moagvarebs. masobrivi saSualebis CarTva da swori informaciis miwodeba vfiqrob, sazRvargareT gamgzavrebiT dainteresebul pirebs saSualebas miscems meti sifrTxile gamoCinon da nebismieri saxis kontraqti kvalificiur specialistebs aCvenon. imigrantTa umravlesobas gamgzavrebamde mravali kiTxva pasuxgauce-meli rCeba. am kiTxvebze pasuxs ki “viRacisgan” samSoblodan Sors eZeben da xSirad ver pouloben pasuxs. danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola erTiani da vrceli procesia, sadac monawileoba TiToeulma Cvenganma unda miiRos samarTaldamcav organoebTan erTad. am kuTxiT didi yu-radReba eqceva saxelmwifo politikas – ra saxis prevenciuli xasia-Tis RonisZiebas SesTavazebs is sazogadoebas... dokumentebis samar-Tlebrivi WeSmariteba da mkacrad gansazRvruli gamgzavrebis mizani namdvilad Seamcirebs danaSaulis raodenobas. swori informaciis gavrcelebisaTvis xelis Sewyoba ki biZgi iqneba zogadad sazogadoe-bis samarTlebrivi TviTSegnebis amaRlebisa. xelisuflebis priorite-tad mdidrebsa da Raribebs zRvaris moSla unda iqces, raTa TiToeul Cvengans ganviTarebis Tanabari pirobebi Seeqmnas. TiToeul Cengans aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba – ganaTleba 21-e saukuneSi ki Zviri da amas-Tanave iSviaTi siamovnebaa. Tu gvsurs rom viyoT jansaRi Taoba da Semdeg ukve warmatebuli eri yvelam erTad unda vecadoT Cezare be-karias Teoria realobad vaqcioT: “gnabavT danaSaulis Tavidan aci-leba, gaakeTe ise, rom ganaTleba gadadiodes xelidan xelSi Tavisu-flebasTan erTad...”

sofio barnabiSvili, eka saaTaSvili grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis


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sofio barnabiSvili, eka saaTaSvili

trefikingi-axalgazrdobis “gadarCenis” gza

reziume

winamdebare naSromSi warmodgenilia qarTveli studentebis mosazreba Tu ratom aris dRes trefikingi ase aqtualuri da ra SeiZleba miC-neul iqnes misi warmoSobisa da gamovlenis mizezebad. TemaSi “trefi-kingi axalgazrdebis “gadarCenis” gza”, saubaria mis gamomwvev mize-zebsa da Tavidan acilebis gzebze. aq nebismieri mcdeloba da preven-ciuli xasiaTis RonisZieba uSedegoa Tu masSi monawileoba TiToeul-ma Cvenganma ar miiRo. Taoba, romelmac qveynis aRmSeneblobis saqmeSi didi wvlili unda Seitanos – axalgazrdobaa, Cveni studentobaa, ro-melsac xelSewyoba da ganviTarebis Tanabari pirobebis Seqmna Wirde-ba...

Софо Барнабишвили, Ека Сааташвили

Трефикинг-путь ”спасения” молодëжи

Резюме В настоящей работе представлены мнения грузинских студентов - почему трефикинг является таким актуальным и что может быть причиной его происхождения и проявления. В теме - Трефикинг-путь ”спасения” молодëжи, - говорится о причинах и путях устранения трефикинга. Здесь всякая попытка и превентивные меры бесполезны, если в нëм не участвует каждый из нас. Поколение, которое должно внести большой вклад в строительство государства – молодëжь, наши студенты, которым необходимо помочь и создать для них одинаковые условия для развития.

Sofo Barnabishvili, Eka Saatashvili

Trafficking - the way of “saving” youth

The Summary

In above work it is stated, the opinion of the Georgian students why Trafficking is such actual and what can be the reason of its origin and the display reason. In a theme "Traffick-ing-the way of “saving” for Youth”, is told the reasons and the ways of elimination Trafficking.. Here, any attempt and measures would be in vain, if each of us does not participate in it. Generation, which should bring the big contribution in building the state – is youth, our students for whom it is necessary to help and create for them identical conditions for development.

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ia dadunaSvili

saqarTvelo, rogorc SromiTi migraciisa da adamianebiT vaWrobis wyaro qveyana

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTveloSi warmoiSva SromiT migrantTa mniSvnelovani nakadebi. xalxi dasaqmebis mizniT tovebda samSoblos kanonieri Tu ukanono gzebiT. umetesoba sazRvargareT moqmedi Sromis nebarTvis gareSe muSaobs. kavkasiis regionis migrantTaTvis ZiriTadi daniSnulebis qveynebia: ruseTis federacia, TurqeTi, arabeTis gaerTianebuli saemiroebi, saberZneTi, italia, germania da avstria. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi bevri ojaxisaTvis sazRvargareT momuSave migrantebis mier gamogzavnili fuli yoveldRiuri cxovrebisTvis aucielebeli Semosavlis mniSvnelovani wyaroa. globalizaciis dRevandeli tendenciis damaxasiaTebeli niSania msoflio bazris integracia sazRvrebs gareT. amave dros misi zegavlena adamianebis da SromiTi resursebis migraciaze xdeba kidev ufro SezRuduli, regulirebuli samigracio kanonebiT, raTa SenarCundes saxelmwifo suverenitetis principi. miuxedavad amisa, globalizacias mainc mniSvnelovani zegavlena aqvs saerTaSoriso SromiT migraciaze. SromiTi migraciis ZiriTadi tendenciebi msoflio Sromis bazarze gamowveulia mravali faqtoriT. Sromisunarianobis asaks miRweuli mravali adamiani sakuTar qveyanaSi an saerTod ver poulobs samsaxurs an ver poulobs samsaxurs adeqvaturi anazRaurebiT imisaTvis rom irCinos sakuTari Tavi da Tavisi ojaxi. amave dros sxva qveynebSi ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtorebSi muSakTa naklebobas ganicdian. SromiTi migraciis gamomwvevi faqtorebi agreTve moicavs demografiul cvlilebas da socialur-ekonomikur da politikur krizisebs. daniSnulebis qveynebSi gadaxdili maRali xelfasebi izidavs bevr samsaxuris maZiebels, gansakuTrebiT mSobliur qveynebSi farTod gavrcelebuli dausaqmeblobis da naklebad dasaqmebulobis, an Rirseuli samuSao pirobebis arqonis pirobebSi. SromiTi migraciis xelSemwyobi faqtoria daniSnulebis adgilis qveynebSi damsaqmebelTa moTxovna iaf da moqnil muSaxelze, romelic mzad aris Seavsos adgilobriv macxovrebelTaTvis metwilad arasasurveli samuSao adgilebi. saTanado samigracio arxebis ararseboba sazRvargareT samuSao pirobebis Sesaxeb sando da realisturi informaciis xelmiuwvdomlobasTan erTad zrdis migrant muSakTa daucvelobis xarisxs.

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migrantebis aralegalurad gadamyvani pirebi da trefikerebi iyeneben Seqmnil xarvezebs da adamianebs pirdebian iseT sarfian samuSao adgilebs sazRvargareT, romlebic an saerTod ar arsebobs, an kidev sruliad gansxvavdeba realobisgan. zogierTi arakeTilsindisieri damsaqmebeli iRebs maRal mogebas im aralegalur migrant muSakebis eqspluataciiT, romlebmac ar ician TavianTi uflebebi, an eSiniaT maTi eqspluatatorebis dabezRebis. xSir SemTxvevaSi, praqtikulad SeuZlebelia zRvaris gavleba adamianebiT vaWrobasa da migrantebis aralegalur gadayvanisa, iZulebiT Sromasa da arastandartuli samuSao pirobebs Soris. iZulebiTi Sroma aris nebismieri samuSao Tu momsaxureba, romelsac aiZuleben nebismier adamians dasjis muqaris qveS, da romelsac es adamiani asrulebs sakuTari nebis winaaRmdeg. iZulebiT Sromas aqvs adgili maSin, rodesac sajaro an kerZo organizacia an fizikuri piri, romelsac aqvs saSualeba da Zalaufleba aiZulos Tavisi muSaki SezRudvebisa da muqaris meSveobiT imuSavos, an moaTavsos igi kabalur situaciaSi, saidanac gamosavali ar aris. aseTi iZuleba xSirad xdeba Semdegi meTodebiT:

• fizikuri an sqesobrivi Zaladoba,

• gadaadgilebis SezRudva an

• Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa,

• maidentificirebeli dokumentebis an xelfasis dakaveba. Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis mier Catarebulma globalurma kvlevam aCvena rom msoflioSi iZulebiTi Sromis sul cota 12.3 mili-oni msxverpli arsebobs. aqedan 9.8 milioni eqspluatirebulia kerZo organizaciebis mier, xolo 2.4 milioni warmoadgens SromiTi trefikingis msxverpls. es cifrebi Semdegnairad nawildeba:

• 9,490,000 aziasa da wynari okeanes regionSi;

• 1,320,000 laTino amerikasa da karibis zRvis regionSi;

• 660,000 saharis afrikaSi;

• 360,000 industriul qveynebSi (evropa da amerika);

• 260,000 Sua aRmosavleTsa da Crdilo afrikaSi; da

• 210,000 ganviTarebad qveynebSi. SromiTi trefikingidan miRebuli Semosavlis globaluri Sefaseba 31.6 miliardi aSS dolars Seadgens. saidanac industriul qveynebze modis 15.5 miliardi, xolo ganviTarebad qveynebze – 3.4 miliardi. migrant muSakTa iZulebiTi ekonomikuri eqspluatacia ZiriTadad modis Semdeg ekonomikur seqtorebze:

• teqstilis, tansacmelis, tyavis, fexsacmelis damzadeba;

• mSenebloba;

• Sinameurneoba;

• jandacva;

• sastumro, sarestorano da turizmis biznesi;

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• soflis meurneoba, plantaciebi da sxva sasoflo saqmianobebi. arsebobs ramdenime dokumentirebuli meqanizmi, romlis meSveobiTac migrant muSakebs amyofeben damokidebul da eqspluatirebul mdgomareobaSi, esenia: piradobis damadasturebeli sabuTebis maTi mflobelebisgan damalva, deportaciis muqara im SemTxvevaSi Tu migrants aralegaluri statusi aqvs, kabaluri vali, Zaladoba, an gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebis SezRudva. rac Seexeba SromiT trefikings saqarTveloSi, msxverplTa zusti raodenobis monacemebi ar arsebobs, Tumca calkeuli sasamarTlo saqmeebi ganixileba. Tumca daaxloebiT erTi wlis win aRmoCenil iqna SromiTi eqspluataciisTvis trefikingis ramodenime SemTxveva saqarTvelos teritoriaze, anu Sida SromiTi trefikingis SemTxvevebi. imisaTvis rom SromiT trefikingTan brZola ufro warmatebuli iyos saWiroa gadaidgas Sedegi nabijebi: saWiroa Sromis inspeqciis gauqmebis problemis gadaWra, radganac Sromis inspeqtorebs didi roli gaaCnia SromiTi trefikingis msxverplebis pirvelad identificirebaSi da maT gadamimarTulebaSi, amrigad, kargi iqneba, rom SromiTi inspeqtorebi erovnuli referaluri meqanizmis nawilad CaiTvalon. sasurvelia, rom SromiTi inspeqciis instituti aRdges da aisaxos rogorc erovnul referalur meqanizmSi aseve samoqmedo gegmaSi. agreTve saWiroa erovnuli referaluri meqanizmis daxvewa, raTa man moicvas SromiTi trefikingis problemac. agreTve raTa Sromis bazris institutebi – profkavSirebi da damsaqmeblebi – gaxdnen erovnuli referaluri meqanizmis monawileebi. yuradReba unda mieqces Sidsis da imunodeficitis virusis sakiTxs trefikingis msxverplebTan mimarTebaSi – samwuxarod erovnuli referaluri meqanizmi arc erT etapze ar exeba am sakiTxs. samwuxaroa, rom arsebobs stereotipi rom trefikingis yoveli msxverpli daavadebulia SidsiT, Tumca kvlevebma sxva qveynebSi aCvena rom es ase ar aris.

ia dadunaSvili saqarTveloSi Sromis saerTaSoriso

organizacia warmomadgeneli

155

ia dadunaSvili

saqarTvelo, rogorc SromiTi migraciisa da adamianebiT vaWrobis wyaro qveyana

reziume

winamdebare naSromSi CamoTvlilia is mizezebi ris gamoc saqarTvelo iqca SromiTi migraciisa da adamianebiT vaWrobis wyaro qveyanad. TemaSi mocemulia zogadad trefikingis daxasiaTeba da mocemulia rekomendaciebi raTa SromiT trefikingTan brZola ufro warmatebuli iyos.

Иа Дадунашвили

Грузия, как страна источник трудовой миграции и торговлей людьми

Резюме

В представленной работе перечислены те причины из за которых Грузия превратилась в страну- источник трудовой миграции и торговлей людьми. В теме дано обшее описание трефикинга и выработаны рекомендации для эффективной борьбы против него.

Ia Dadunashvili

Georgia, as the source country of labour migrations and Human trafficking

The Summary

In above work are stated those reasons because of what Georgia became the source country of labour migrations and Human trafficking. In a theme are stated description of trafficking and the recommendation for affective struggle against it.

156

natalia maisuraZe

trefikingis problemebi samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi (saqarTvelo,Aazerbaijani, somxeTi)

"Tanamedrove monoba” – es aris trefikingis erTerTi definicia. tre-fikingi ar aris mxolod 21-e saukunis movlena, mas metad Rrma isto-riuli sawyisebi aqvs. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom bolo aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi am danaSaulis masStabebma katastroful zRvars miaR-wia. mis ganviTarebas mniSvnelovanwilad Seuwyo xeli sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam, sazRvrebis gaxsnam da yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebis mosaxleobis farTo migraciam evropis ganviTarebul qvey-nebSi. es TavisTavad ganapirobebuli iyo momxiblavi cxovrebisa da ukeTesi samuSaos molodiniT. swored amitom, postsabWour qveynebSi SedarebiT mZime situaciaa trefikingis problemis TvalsazrisiT. am qveynebisTvis aRniSnuli danaSauli garkveul siaxles warmoadgens, amitomac ZiriTadad ar arsebobs trefikingTan brZolis gamocdileba. saTanado kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebac, ZiriTadad sul raRac ra-modenime welia daiwyo. Cems naSromSi Sevecdebi ganvixilo trefikingis problema saqarT-veloSi da aseve Sevexo am kuTxiT Cvens mezobel qveynebs: azerbai-jansa da somxeTs. teritoriuli siaxlovis gamo, samwuxarod, Ti-Toeuli saxelmwifo xSirad xdeba trefikingis msxverplTa satran-zito gza an TavSesafari. garda amisa, trefikerebi samuSao adgilad, arcTu iSviaTad swored mezobeli qveynis teritorias irCeven. rac ganpirobebulia sazRvris gadakveTis simartiviT. mainc ra aris trefikingi? danaSauloba, romelic Tavisi ZaladobiT, adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli uflebebis darRvevis mwvave xasi-aTiT gamoirCeva. man gavrcelebis siswrafiTa da simwvaviT, mraval danaSaulobas gadaaWarba. swored amitom, 2000 wels, msoflios sax-elmwifoebma xeli moaweres transnacionaluri organizebuli dana-Saulobis winaaRmdeg gaerTianebuli erebis konvencias da oqms "ada-mianebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis, trefikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis Sesaxeb". vinaidan es xelmowera qalaq palermoSi Sedga, aRniSnul oqms, xSirad palermos oqmis saxel-wodebiTac moixsenieben. palermos oqmis me – 3 muxlis Tanaxmad: "adamianebis trefikingi" niSnavs eqspluataciis mizniT adamianTa ga-dabirebas, gadayvanas, gadacemas, gadamalvas an miRebas, muqaris, Zalis gamoyenebis an iZulebis saSualebiT, motacebiT, TaRliTobiT, motyue-biT, uflebamosilebis an sxvisi umweobis borotad gamoyenebiT an sa-fasuris micemiT an miRebiT im piris mier, romelic axorcielebs kon-trols sxva adamianze.24 aqve ganmartebulia, rom: adamianis eqspluatacia gulisxmobs, adamianis prostituciis an sxva saxis seqsualur eqspluatacias, iZulebiT Sromas an momsaxurebas,

24 Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish Trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the united nations convention against transnational organized crime, G.A. res 55/25, annex II, 55 U.N GAOR supp.(#49) at 60, U.N. Doc. A/45/49 (Vol. I),2001, P.2

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monobaSi an monobis msgavs mdgomareobaSi myofebas, servituts an ada-mianis organoTa gadanergvas. aRniSnuli definiciidan naTlad gamomdinareobs, rom adamianebis trefikingi mZime danaSaulia, romelic iwvevs adamianis pirovnuli Ta-visuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis Selaxvas, wamebas, sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis uflebis darRvevas, iZulebiT Sromasa da monobas, ro-melic gamousworebel zians ayenebs rogorc adamianis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas, aseve mis fsiqikas. rac Seexeba trefikingis danaSaulebriv maxasiaTeblebs, SeiZleba iTq-vas Semdegi:

trefikingis msxverpli SeiZleba gaxdes rogorc qali da bavSvi, xSirad mamakacic.

trefikingi ara mxolod prostitucia an sxva saxis seqsualuri eqspluatacia, aramed yvela saxis iZulebiTi samuSao da mom-saxurebaa, romelic monobis an mis msgavs situaciaSi ayenebs adamians.

trefikingi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc saxelmwifoTa sazRvris gadakveTiT, ise qveynis Sida teritoriaze. ase rom, adamianebiT vaWroba gvevlineba rogorc transnacionalur, ise lokalur danaSaulad.

saqarTveloSi trefikingis kriminalizacias saTave daudo saqarTve-los prezidentis 2004 wlis brZanebulebam, romelic Seexo adamianiT vaWrobis, (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis 2005 – 2006 wlebis samoq-medo gegmis damtkicebas. mas mohyva mravali sakanonmdeblo cvlileba, mniSvnelovani saerTaSoriso konvenciebisa Tu samarTlebrivi aqtebis ratificireba. saqarTvelo aqtiurad Caeba transnacionaluri organi-zebuli danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. Tumca samwuxarod tre-fikingis winaaRmdeg gatarebuli RonisZiebebi xSirad araefeqturia, amas ki mravali faqti ganapirobebs. upirvelesi ki albaT gaxlavT is, rom rig qveynebSi (magadaskari, andora, kuba, samxreT afrikis qveynebi da sxv.) trefikingis problemaze kanonmdeblobac ki ar arsebobs da msxverplni jer kidev ganixilebian rogorc damnaSaveebi. maTi kanonm-deblobis Tanaxmad, trefikingis msxverplT apatimreben sazRvris uka-nono gadakveTis, qveyanaSi aralegaluri cxovrebis, Sromis, prosti-tuciis braldebiT da aTavseben winaswari patimrobis adgilebSi an pirdapir cixeSi. yvelaze ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, ki xdeba msxverplis dauyovneblivi deportacia. danaSaulis organizatorebi ki dausjelni rCebian maT winaaRmdeg mtkicebulebaTa ar arsebobis gamo. cxadia, isini kvlav agrZeleben TavianT saqmianobas da sul axal-axal msxverplT ageben maxeSi. swored am arasworma midgomam, farTod Seuwyo xeli adamianebiT vaW-robas. aRniSnuli danaSauloba metad rTuli xasiaTis aRmoCnda rea-lur damnaSaveTa gamovlenisa da pasuxisgebaSi micemis TvalsazrisiT. saqarTveloSi am mxriv SedarebiT ukeTesi mdgomareobaa, aRniSnul sa-kiTxs aregulirebs saqarTvelos kanoni – adamianiT vaWrobis, (trefi-kingis) Sesaxeb, romlis me – 18 muxlis, me – 2 punqtis Tanaxmad: "dauSvebelia dazaralebulis moTavseba dakavebis, winaswari patimro-bis adgilebSi, cixeebsa da sapyrobileebSi, garda kanoniT dadgenili gamonaklisebisa da im SemTxvevisa, Tu SesaZlebelia maTi sxvaTagan gancalkevebiT moTavseba."

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adamianTa trefikingi, zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, danaSaulTa iseT kategoris miekuTvneba, romelTa gaxsnisTvis dazaralebulis, msxver-plis Cvenebas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs. aucilebelia maTi Ta-namSromloba samarTaldamcav organoebTan. aRsaniSnavia, rom gamoZie-bisa da saqmis warmoebis dros, maqsimalurad unda iyos dazaralebu-lis usafrTxoeba daculi. adamianebis tefikingis msxverplis vinaobis sajaro gacxadeba, metad zrdis mis mimarT, adamianebiT movaWris mxridan, angariSworebis realur safrTxes. xSirad uswordebian ara mxolod yofil msxverpls, aramed mis ojaxis wevrebs, axloblebs da abaven maT trefikingis axal qselSi. swored amitom, palermos oqmis me – 6 muxlis mixedviT: TiToeuli monawile saxelmwifo valdebulia daicvas adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis), msxverplTa piradi cxovreba da vinaoba, agreTve adamianTa trefikingTan dakavSirebuli samarTalwarmoebis konfidencialuroba.25 es norma avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs, akrZalon trefikirebul pir-Ta saxelebis, misamarTebisa da sxva maidentificirebeli informaciis gamJRavneba. da Tu mainc moxda msgavsi ram, maSin saxelmwifo mzad unda iyos rom moaxdinos msxverplTa da mis axlo naTesavTa maqsima-luri dacva xelaxali zewolisgan. niSandoblivia, rom es norma Cven saxelmwifoSic moqmedebs. metad mniSvnelovania am mxriv saqarTveloSi arsebuli trefikingis msxverplTa TavSesafari, romelic aWaris regionSi, kerZod ki qalaq baTumSi gaixsna 2006 wlis 20 ivliss. TavSesafari metad gasaidumloe-buli da gareSe pirTaTvis SeuRweveli organizaciaa, romelic daza-ralebuls missive TanxmobiT uwevs ufaso samedicino da fsiqolo-giur daxmarebas, ufaso iuridiul konsultacias. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa TavSesafari, SeimuSavebs da axorcielebs dazaralebulTa reabilitaciisa da reintegraciis mraval programas. miuxedavad amisa, trefikingis msxverplTa sruli anonimurobis uz-runvelyofa am etapze, saqarTvelos moqmedi kanonmdeblobidan gamom-dinare, mainc ver xerxdeba, radgan sisxlis samarTlis saproceso ko-deqsis mixedviT: msxverpli aris dazaralebuli da amasTanave mowme. Sesabamisad sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi fiqsirdeba misi demografiu-li monacemebi, rac xelmisawvdomi xdeba braldebuli mxaris advoka-tisTvis.26 Tumca, saqarTvelos kanonis – adamianiT vaWrobis, (trefikingis) Se-saxeb me – 12 muxlis, I punqtis Tanaxmad: adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpls ufleba aqvs isargeblos mosafiqrebeli vadiT – aranakleb 30 dRisa, raTa miiRos gadawyvetileba, surs Tu ara, iTanamSromlos samarTaldamcav organoebTan Sesabamis danaSaulze sisxlis samar-Tlis procesis ganxorcielebaSi.

25 Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish Trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the united nations convention against transnational organized crime, G.A. res 55/25, annex II, 55 U.N GAOR supp.(#49) at 60, U.N. Doc. A/45/49 (Vol. I),2001, art.6(1), p.3 26 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis saangariSo moxseneba, ( 2006 wlis I naxevari, gv. 291 )

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aRniSnuli muxli dazaralebuls utovebs alternativas, rom gadawy-vetileba Tavad miiRos. Cemi azriT, msxverplTa umetesoba ar da-Tanxmdeba sasamarTlo procesis dawyebas, rac sruliad bunebrivia dRevandel pirobebSi da ukve CamoTvlili faqtorebis gamo. amitom, saxelmwifo struqturebi dainteresebulni unda iyvnen, rom es pro-blema moagvaron da dazaralebulis sasargeblod gadaWran. aucile-belia Rirseuli da miukerZoebeli gamoZiebis Catareba danaSaulze, romelic Zalian saSiS xasiaTs atarebs, raTa gamovlenili iqnen, ada-mianiT movaWreebi. samwuxarod, saqmis gaxsnas isic arTulebs, rom es gansakuTrebulad organizebuli danaSauli, arcTu iSviaTad saxelm-wifo Tanamdebobis pirTa mfarvelobis sagania, romlebic uRirsad iyeneben TavianT Tanamdebobriv mdgomareobas im kolosaluri Tanxebis misaRebad, rac adamianebiT vaWrobis bizness moaqvs. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, saqarTvelom, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis 2007 wlis specialur angariSSi, adamianiT vaWrobis danaSaulTan brZolaSi, sakmaod maRali Sefaseba miiRo. an-gariSSi naTqvamia, rom saqarTvelom, wina wlebTan SedarebiT, am kuTxiT mniSvnelovan progress miaRwia. iqve ganxilulia 2006 wels Ca-tarebuli mravali antitrefikinguli kampania da proeqti. aRniSnulia, rom warmatebiT xorcieldeba Sesabamisi samoqmedo gegmebis SemuSaveba. aseve gamaxvilebulia yuradReba qveynis SigniT adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) SemTxvevebze, romelic ZiriTadad afxazeTisa da samx-reT oseTis avtonomiuri respublikebis teritoriebze gvevlineba.27 saqarTvelo dResac aqtiurad ganagrZobs trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolas da axal strategiebs aviTarebs. danaSaulTan brZolis koordinaciisTvis, 2007 wlis 25 ianvars, saqarTvelos prezidentis gankargulebiT, damtkicda trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis 2007 – 2008 wlebis samoqmedo gegma, romelis Tanaxmad, saTanado uwyebebs daeva-laT Sesabamisi qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatareba. aRniSnuli gegma moi-cavs, rogorc adamianiT vaWrobis danaSaulobis prevenciis, msxverpl-Ta dacvis, aseve damnaSaveTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebs. uflebamosili organoebis garda, am da sxva msgavs proeqtebSi Car-Tulia mravali arasamTavrobo organizacia, romelnic Tavis mxriv, metad did rols asruleben am problemis gadaWris gzebis ZiebaSi. aRsaniSnavia agreTve migraciis saerTaSoriso organizaciis (IOM) moRvaweoba am kuTxiT. igi 2000 wlidan moyolebuli aqtiurad TanamS-romlobs saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan, axorcielebs sxvadasxva mizno-briv kvlevebs, prevenciuli xasiaTis sareklamo kampaniebs, trefikin-gis msxvarplTa usafrTxo dabrunebasa da reintegracias samSobloSi da a.S. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba am sferoSi regionaluri proeq-tis ganxorcielebas - saqarTveloSi, somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi tre-fikingis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli zomebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. proeqti dafinansebulia evrokomisiis mier da ganxorcieldeba ori wlis gan-mavlobaSi. misi biujeti 1.87 milioni evroa. igi moicavs somxeTs, azerbaijansa da saqarTvelos. proeqti avlens sami saerTaSoriso da samTavroboTaSoriso organizaciis: Sromis saerTaSoriso organiza-

27 “Trafficking in Persons Report”, Released by the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. June 12, 2007 http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/82805.htm

http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/82805.htm

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ciis, evropis usafrTxoebisa da TanamSromlobis organizaciis (euTo) misiisa da saerTaSoriso migraciis politikis ganviTarebis centris erTobliv Zalisxmevas. igi exmareba somxeTs, azerbaijansa da saqarT-velos trefikingis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli zomebis daxvewaSi.28 swored aRniSnuli proeqtis gacnobis Semdeg davinteresdi gamego Tu ra mdgomareobaa adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) mxriv Cvens mezo-bel qveynebSi, azerbaijansa da somxeTSi. ra saerTo da ganmasxvavebe-li damaxasiaTebeli niSnebiT gamoirCeva es ori qveyana; rogoria tre-fikingTan brZolis maTeuli strategia da sxva mniSvnelovani faqto-rebi. azerbaijanSi, iseve rogorc saqarTvelosa da somxeTSi, metad mwvaved dgas trefikingis sakiTxi. trefikingis msxverplni ZiriTadad mihyavT TurqeTSi, arabeTSi, pakistanSi, saberZneTSi, uzbekeTSi, ukrainaSi, iranSi, indoeTSi da samwuxarod saqarTveloSic. qalebi ZiriTadad prostituciaSi arian Cabmulni da umetesad es xdeba TurqeTis teri-toriaze. cnobilia bavSvTa trefikingis mravali magaliTic. maT ara mxolod seqsualuri miznebisTvis iyeneben, aramed xSirad aiZuleben, rom imaTxovron da quCis glaxakebad, patara mawanwalebad iqcnen. rac Seexeba azerbaijanidan trefikirebul mamakacebs, isini ZiriTadad ru-seTSi xvdebian iZulebiT muSebad. arcTu iSviaTad prostituciis gar-da, azerbaijaneli qalebic arian Cabmulni iZulebiT saqmianobaSi, rac ZiriTadad Savi, mZime samuSaos SesrulebaSi gamoixateba. azerbaijani aris satranzito qveyana, romlis gavliTac xdeba uzbeke-Tis, yirgizeTis, moldoveTis moqalaqeebis trefikireba TurqeTsa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, ZiriTadad seqsualuri eqspluataciis mizniT. gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom TiToeuli trefikingis msxverplis-gan xdeba yovelTviurad 12,000 – 15,000 dolaris gamomuSaveba. statistikas Tu gadavxedavT wlebis mixedviT, azerbaijanSi aseTi mdgomareobaa:

2006 wels dafiqsirda trefikingis 211 SemTxveva. aqedan saqme aRiZra mxolod 107 saqmeze;

2007 wels sisxlis samarTlis saqme aRiZra 112 pirze, romelTa-gan 72 pirdapir braldebulia trefikingis danaSaulSi.

azerbaijani aqtiurad aris Cabmuli antitrefikingis kampaniaSi. aRsa-niSnavia, rom 2006 wlis oqtombers, baqoSi gaixsna trefikingis msxverplTa TavSesafari. romelic exmareba msxverplT ufaso samedi-cino, fsiqologiuri Tu iuridiuli konsultaciebiT. aseve axorcie-lebs maT reintegraciasa da reabilitacias sazogadoebaSi. qveyanaSi Seqmnilia e.w advokatTa kavSiri, sadac 33 advokati erTad axorcielebs trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolas, rac ZiriTadad moma-val msxverplTa maqsimaluri dacviT gamoixateba. es kavSiri ZiriTa-dad axalgazrdobis danaSaulisgan Tavis aridebisa da dazRvevis kuTxiT moRvaweobs. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis 2007 wlis specialur angariSSi naTqvamia, rom azerbaijanis xelisufleba, cdi-lobs kanonmdeblobis maqsimaluri penalizaciiT moaxdinos am dana-Saulobis prevencia. aRniSnulia, rom imata adamianiT vaWrobis Se-

28 http://www.ungeorgia.ge/userfiles/files/Rep_Geo_Reduced.pdf

http://www.ungeorgia.ge/userfiles/files/Rep_Geo_Reduced.pdf

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saxeb sisxlis samarTlis procesebisa da damnaSaveebis gamovlenis faqtebma. Tumca, miuxedavad saxelmwifo organoebis didi mcdelobisa, qveyana mainc mZime mdgomareobaSia da ver axorcielebs efeqtur pro-gramebs adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg. 29 rac Seexeba somxeTs, unda iTqvas rom am qveyanaSi yvelaze mZime mdgo-mareobaa, gansxvavebiT saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanisagan. Tu ratom, amas qvemoT ganvixilav. somxeTis moqalaqeebis trefikireba xdeba rogorc saqarTveloSi, ru-seTSi, TurqeTSi, aseve arabeTSi. ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia qalebisa da gogonebis trefikingi. mamakacisa da bavSvebis trefikingis maCvene-beli arc ise didia. mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenlebi CarTulni arian rogorc prostituciis qselSi, aseve iZulebiTi samuSaos Ses-rulebaSi. satranzito gzad xSirad moskovi gvevlineba, saidanac isi-ni amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi gadayavT. gansakuTrebiT ki xSiria somxeTis moqalaqeebis dubaiSi trefikireba. ramac ukve arnaxul masStabs miaRwia. trefikingis danaSaulobis statistika somxeTSi aseTia:

2004 wels mxolod 14 danaSaulze aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme;

2006 wels es ricxvi iyo 32; 2007 wels ki sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba iyo 20 danaSaulze.

rogorc vxedavT, statistika saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanTan Sedare-biT saocrad mwiria, rac savalalo mdgomareobaze miuTiTebs. sa-samarTlo saqmis aRZvra 10, 20, an Tundac 50 SemTxvevaze, qveyanas sargeblobas ver moutans maSin, rodesac yovelwliurad aTasobiT misi moqalaqe xdeba trefikingis msxverpli da es ricxvi Semcirebis nacvlad, sul ufro da ufro matulobs. somxeTis generaluri prokurori Tavis moxsenebaSi swored am sa-kiTxze saubrobs da aRniSnavs, rom adamianebiT vaWrobam somxeTSi sa-gangaSo zRvars miaRwia da saswrafod unda mieqces mas saTanado yuradReba. aqve dasZens, rom es danaSauloba ver Semcirdeba manam, sanam somxeTis kanonmdebloba aseTi lmobieri iqneba trefikerTa mi-marT.30 somxeTis xelisufleba marTla ver daikvexnis trefikingis winaaRmdeg proeqtebisa Tu novaciebis simravliT, Tumca mciredi programebis Se-muSaveba mainc xdeba. erTerT aseT proeqts axorcielebs somxeTis parlamenti. es antitre-fikingis kampania e.w AIR ACT moicavs mgzavrTa winaswar gafrTxilebas mosalodneli safrTxis Sesaxeb. mgzavrebs TviTmfrinavis afrenis win utardebaT seminari - prezentacia, romelic maT acnobs usafrTxoebis wesebs, romlebic unda daicvan ucxo qveyanaSi Cafrenis momentidan, Tu ar surT, rom adamianebiT vaWrobis morig msxverplad iqcnen. mgzavrebs aseve urigdebaT Sesabamisi sacnobaro broSurebi. 31

29 http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Azerbaijan.htm 30 http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Armenia.htm 31http://www.stopvaw.org/printview/Armenian_Parliament_Passes_Act_on_Human_Trafficking3.html







http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Azerbaijan.htm

http://www.stopvaw.org/printview/Armenian_Parliament_Passes_Act_on_Human_Trafficking3.html

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rac Seexeba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis 2007 wlis specialur angariSs, misi mixedviT, somxeTi metad waru-matebeli qveyanaa trefikingTan brZolaSi, amaze metyvelebs adamianiT vaWrobis SemTxvevebis sagrZnobi zrda wina wlebTan SedarebiT. miuxedavad imasa, rom somxeTis xelisufleba maqsimalurad cdilobs SeimuSaos efeqturi antitrefikinguri proeqtebi, umetes SemTxvevaSi isini ver amarTleben. specialuri angariSic swored somxeTis am arasrulfasovan mcdelobebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas.32 me, rogorc iuridiuli fakultetis studenti, damainteresa am sa-kiTxebma imitom, rom mimaCnia axalgazrdobis Sesabamisi ganaTleba da msjelobebi trefikingTan dakavSirebiT, metad daexmareba saxelmwifos adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. Tu ratom, amaze qvemoT visaubreb. ganaTlebis sferoSi aRniSnul sakiTxs marTlac eqceva yuradReba, Tumca ramdenad didi da mniSvnelovani, Sevecdebi es Cemi ganxilvis sagnad vaqcio da Sevajero is aRniSnul qveynebTan mimarTebaSi. azerbaijanSi, iseve rogorc somxeTSi, ganaTlebis Sesabamisi stru-qturebi mxolod zogadad arian CarTulni antitrefikingis kampaniaSi. ufrosklaselTaTvis da umaRlesi saswavleblis studentebisTvis, somxeTSi Seqmnilia Sesabamisi vebgverdi, romlis meSveobiTac isini iReben amomwurav informacias adamianiT vaWrobis danaSaulis Sesaxeb. azerbaijanSi, ZiriTadad broSurebis darigebiT da erTjeradi leqciebiT Semoifargleba aRniSnuli kampania. saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministro aqtiuradaa Car-Tuli moswavleebisa da studentebis informirebaSi adamianebiT vaW-robis Sesaxeb. amaze miuTiTebs is mravali proeqti, romelic bolo wlebSi ganxorcielda skolebsa Tu umaRles saswavleblebSi. 2005 – 2006 wlebSi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier SerCeuli iqna 100 sapilote skola, sadac saswavlo procesi mimdinareobda ax-ali saswavlo programiT, romelic farTod moicavda samoqalaqo ga-naTlebis treiningebs. 2006 – 2007 wlebSi aRniSnul procesSi yvela zogadsaganmanaTleblo skola aqtiurad CaerTo. erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi aris mravali sakiTxi, romelic trefikingis problemas Seexe-ba. es masala, ZiriTadad asaxulia me-8, me-9, me-10 da me-11 klasis sas-wavlo programaSi. samwuxarod aseTi masStaburi proeqtebi ar xorcieldeba yvela umaR-les saswavlebelSi. Cemi azriT, ki prioriteti swored maT unda mie-niWos. sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom adamianiT vaWrobis organizator-TaTvis yvelaze momgebiani axalgazrda, momxibvleli Taobaa. maT ga-cilebiT Zvirad yidian an uweven eqspulatacias, vidre asakian xalxs an arasrulwlovanebs. am axalgazrda msxverplTa didi umetesoba sazRvargareT umetesad saswavleblad, an samuSaod midian. maT ar aqvT trefikingis safrTxeze saTanado informacia, da ZiriTadad es xdeba maTi am danaSaulobaSi Cabmis mizezi. aRniSnul TemasTan dakavSirebiT sociologiuri gamokvleva Cavatare, saidanac metad sagulisxmo da savalalo pasuxebi miviRe.

32 http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/82805.htm 22.03.2008

http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/82805.htm%2022.03.2008

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Cems mier gamokiTxuli 100 studentidan, umravlesobam,(kiTxvaze Tu ra aris trefikingi), mipasuxa, rom es aris mxolod prostituciis er-TerTi saxe. aRmoCnda, rom umetesobas ar aqvs informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras moicavs realurad adamianiT vaWroba. maTTvis es mxolod prostituciasTan da TurqeTSi trefikirebul qarTvel qalebTan aso-cirdeba. gamokiTxulTa garkveulma nawilma mxolod is mipasuxa, rom es aris adamianiT vaWroba. Tu rogori da ra saxis amaze maT informacia ar hqondaT. studentTa Soris marTalia mcire, magram mainc iyo nawili, romelmac saerTod ar icoda ra iyo sityva trefikingi. amasTan aRsaniSnavia, rom Cems mier gamokiTxul studentTa absoli-tur umetesobas surs sazRvargareT saswavleblad an samuSaod was-vla. Catarebuli gamokiTxvidan naTlad davinaxe, rom sazogadoebaSi televiziiT an masmediis sxva saSualebebiT Catarebuli antitrefikin-guli kampaniebi an mcire metraJiani sareklamo - sainformacio video rgolebi, metad araefeqturia da albaT danaSaulis prevencias mxolod mcire raodenobiT axdens. aucilebelia, rom dainergos ufro efeqturi gzebi am mizniT. anti-trefikingul kampanias unda mieces masobrivi xasiaTi da es, Cemi az-riT, axalgazrdobis aqtiurobiTa da kampaniaSi CabmiT unda gamoixa-tos. vinaidan trefikingis msxverplni Zalze xSirad studentebi xde-bian, mimaCnia, rom reformebis gatareba universitetebidan unda daiwyos. sajaro skolebSi aRniSnuli proeqti mxolod 2006 – 2007 wlebSi daiwyo, rac TavisTavad misasalmebeli faqtia, magram ra qnas im ufrosma Taobam, romelic ver gaxdeba am programis monawile?! umaRles saswavleblebs am mxriv jerovani yuradReba unda mieqces, radgan adamianebiT vaWrobis msxverplTa yvelaze did risk jgufSi swored studentebi Sedian. Cemi azriT, saukeTeso saSualeba am mxriv aris Sesabamisi jgufis Seqmna, romelic koordinirebas gauwevs trefikingis Sesaxeb studen-tebis saTanadod informirebis. SeiZleba es ganxorcieldes yvela umaRles saswavlebelSi saTanado sacnobaro broSurebis darigebis, an erTjeradi master klasebis Catarebis gziT. misasalmebeli iqneba, Tu aRniSnul RonisZiebebs Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis trenerebi Caatareben, Tumca agreTve SesaZlebelia, rom aseTi aqcia samarTal-damcavi organoebis an sxvadasxva samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo or-ganizaciebis daxmarebiT Caataros iuridiuli fakultetis studente-bisagan dakompleqtebulma jgufmac, romelTac am sferoSi saTanado codna eqnebaT. swored amitom, umaRles saswavleblebSi, iuridiul fakultetebze, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces aseTi sakiTxebis Seswavlas Semdeg saleqcio kursebSi : kriminologia, samarTaldamcavi or-ganoebi, adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi da a. S. samwuxarod, aRniSnuli sagnebis Seswavla mxolod erTeul umaRles saswavleblebSi mimdinareobs da isinic saTanado srulyofas saWi-

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roeben am kuTxiT. amitom mimaCnia, rom aucilebelia dainergos Sesa-bamisi saswavlo sistema, mTeli qveynis masStabiT. axalgazrda samar-Talmcodneebis Cabma danaSaulobis wanaaRmdeg brZolaSi, metad mniSvnelovani win gadadgmuli nabiji iqneba saqarTvelosTvis, rom-lis sasikeTo Sedegsac vfiqrob, male vixilavT. saubris dasasruls, minda imedi gamovTqva, rom Cems mier wamoWrili problematuri sakiTxi ar darCeba yuradRebis miRma da saTanado ga-moxmaurebas hpovebs. axalgazrdoba aqtiurad CaerTveba adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolaSi da aRniSnuli danaSau-lis msxverplic sul ufro da ufro naklebi saqarTvelos moqalaqe gaxdeba!

natalia maisuraZe grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti,

iuridiuli fakultetis studenti


1. "Cveni uflebebi" saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, adamianebiT vaWrobis, (trefikingis) Sesaxeb, Tbilisi 2005 weli

2. saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, almanaxi, nino baqa-quri - adamianebis trefikingi, 2004 weli, #19.

3. adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali, leqsikoni – cnoba-ri, Tbilisi 2005 weli

4. adamianis saerTaSoriso uflebebi, rona k. m smiti, saxelmZRvane-lo, oqsfordis universitetis gamomcemloba

5. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis yovelwliuri angariSebi (2006 – 2007 wlebi)

6. giorgi Rlonti, adamianebiT vaWroba (trefikingi) saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi 2005 weli

7. Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish Trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the united nations convention against transnational organized crime

N

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natalia maisuraZe

trefikingis problemebi samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi (saqarTvelo, Aazerbaijani, somxeTi)

reziume

winamdebare naSromi moicavs samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis mdgomareobis analizs, adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) kuTxiT. TemaSi mocemu-lia zogadad trefikingis daxasiaTeba; ganxilulia Tu ra RonisZie-bebs mimarTavs am danaSaulobis Tavidan asacileblad TiToeuli qvey-ana da ramdenad aris anti – trefikingul kampaniaSi Cabmuli maTi ga-naTlebis sistemebi. naSromSi agreTve mocemulia, rekomendaciebi saqarTveloSi axal-gazrdobis danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi CarTvis Sesaxeb.

Наталья Маисурадзе

Проблема трефикинга в страннах Южного Кавказа

(Грузия, Азербайджан, Армения)

Резюме

Данная работа анализирует состояние стран Южного Кавказа и вопросы торговли людьми. В работе дана обшая характеристика трефикинга, расмотрены мероприятия которые проводятся каждой страной с целью предотврашения этого преступления, затронуты вопросы борьбы с трефикингом.

Natalia Maisuradze

Problems of trafficking in the countries of South Caucasus (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia)

The Summary

The report analyses of the human trafficking situation in countries of South caucasion. It covers the general characteristics of trafficking, as well as the prevention efforts undertaken by each country (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia). The report also discusses the anti – trafficking role of those countries education systems and it suggests the more efficient ways of youth's trafficking prevention in Georgia, versus the current measures taken.

166

Tamar mardaleiSvili

trefikingis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli migraciis saerTaSoriso organizaciis saqmianobebi saqarTveloSi

a. saqarTvelos mTavrobis mxardaWera trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZo-

lis saqmeSi.

partnior saerTaSoriso da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan TanamS-romlobiT mso aqtiurad uWers mxars saqarTvelos mTavrobas misi an-ti-trefikingis politikis ganviTarebaSi. mso aris saerTaSoriso sakoordinacio sabWos wevri, romelic akon-trolebs saqarTvelos anti-trefikingis samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcie-lebas. mso regularulad uziarebs gamocdilebas mTavrobas da mona-wileobas iRebs anti-trefikingis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis ganaxle-baSi. mso agreTve CarTulia trefikingis msxverplebis identifikacii-sa da msxverplis statusis oficialurad miniWebis bolo dros miRe-buli meqanizmebis ganxorcielebaSi. b) samTavrobo struqturebis TanamSromlebis potencialis ganviTare-ba adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis mizniT migraciis saerTaSoriso organizacia axorcielebs 18 Tvian proeqts, romlis mizania ZiriTadi samTavrobo struqturebis potencialis amaRleba. treningi tardeba samarTaldamcavi struqturebis 130 Ta-namSromlisaTvis (prokuraturisa da specialuri operatiuli depar-tamentis TanamSromlebisaTvis), mosamarTleebisaTvis, sasazRvro po-liciisaTvisa da sakonsulos TanamSromlebisaTvis. efeqtur saerTa-Soriso gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT migraciis saerTaSoriso organi-zacia TanamSromlobs samTavrobo struqturebTan adamianiT vaWro-basTan sabrZolvelad codnisa da unarebis gasaumjobeseblad.

aRniSnuli proeqtis specialuri komponentebi iTvaliswinebs sasazRv-ro policiasTan TanamSromlobas da daxmarebas adamianiT vaWrobas-Tan dakavSirebuli kompleqsuri modulis ganviTarebaSi, romelic CairTveba sasazRvro miliciis saswavlo programaSi. mso agreTve Ta-namSromlobs Sss-s akademiasTan, raTa ganviTardes struqturis Sig-niT instruqtorebis instituti, romlebic Tavad moamzadeben poli-ciis TanamSromlebs adamianiT vaWrobis ZiriTad aspeqtebSi.

programa aseve moiazrebs konfliqtur zonebSi - afxazeTsa da samx-reT oseTSi - faqtebis moZiebis misias, agreTve ormxriv Sexvedrebs qarTvel da Turq samarTaldamcav da msxverplTa daxmarebis struq-turebs Soris ori qveynis urTierTTanamSromlobis gaumjobesebisaT-vis adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.

g) qarTveli samxedro mosamsaxureebis informirebulobis donis amaRleba proeqtis mizania samxedro kadrebis informirebulobis donis amaR-leba adamianiT vaWrobis sakiTxSi: maTTvis Sesabamisi codnisa da unarebis gadacema, romlebsac isini gamoiyeneben saqarTvelos sazRv-rebs gareT samxedro misiebis dros. mso agreTve TanamSromlobs sa-qarTvelos Tavdacvis saministrosTan qarTveli samxedro mosamsaxu-reebis potencialis asamaRleblad saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesa-

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bamisad, adamianiT vaWrobasTan sabrZolvelad saWiro unar-Cvevebis CaTvliT. d. trefikingis msxverplebisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCena.

mso-s centraluri ofisisa da trefikingis msxverplTa warmoSobisa da tranzitis qveynebis mso-s misiebis mxardaWeriT mso-s Tbilisis ofisi zogierT SemTxvevaSi daxmarebas uwevs trefikingis msxverplebs TavianT samSobloebSi dabrunebaSi. es Seexeba rogorc sazRvargareT trefikirebul saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs, aseve saqarTveloSi an sa-qarTvelos gavliT trefikirebul mesame qveynebis moqalaqeebs. daxma-reba iTvaliswinebs dabrunebamde dacvas, warmoSobis qveyanaSi usafrTxo dabrunebaSi daxmarebas (satranzito aeroportebSi daxma-rebis CaTvliT) da dabrunebis Semdgom reabilitacias.

2004 wlidan moyolebuli mso-m daxmareba aRmouCina trefikingis 30 msxverpls (mesame qveynebis 22 moqalaqes da TurqeTSi gadayvanil sa-qarTvelos 8 moqalaqes).

e) sainformacio-prevenciuli kampania

evrokavSiris mier dafinanseuli informirebuli migraciis proeqtis farglebSi, mso-s gaxsnili aqvs migraciuli resurs-centrebi Tbilis-Si, quTaisSi, baTumsa da gurjaanSi. legaluri migraciis SesaZle-blobebis Sesaxeb mosaxleobis cnobierebis amaRlebis mizniT moqme-debs cxeli xazebi da sakonsultacio centrebi. saqarTvelos sxva-dasxva regionebSi tardeba sainformacio Sexvedrebi. Sexvedrebze rigdeba sainformacio masala: sainformacio biuletenebi savizo pro-cedurebis, dasaqmebis Sesaxeb SemoTavazebis sandoobis Semowmebis, TavSesafris miRebis procedurebis da sxva saWirboroto sakiTxebze, plakatebi da broSurebi.

Tamar mardaleiSvili saqarTveloSi migraciis saerTaSoriso

organizaciis warmomadgeneli

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NTamar mardaleiSvili

trefikingis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mso-s saqmianobebi saqarTveloSi

reziume

naSromSi saubaria trefikingis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli migraciis saerTaSoriso organizaciis saqmianobebi saqarTveloSi. partnior saerTaSoriso da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan TanamSromlobiT mso aqtiurad uWers mxars saqarTvelos mTavrobas misi anti-trefikingis politikis ganvi-TarebaSi. mso aris saerTaSoriso sakoordinacio sabWos wevri, rome-lic akontrolebs saqarTvelos anti-trefikingis samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcielebas. mso regularulad uziarebs gamocdilebas mTavrobas da monawileobas iRebs anti-trefikingis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis ganaxlebaSi. mso agreTve CarTulia trefikingis msxverplebis identi-fikaciisa da msxverplis statusis oficialurad miniWebis bolo dros miRebuli meqanizmebis ganxorcielebaSi.

Тамар Мардалеишвили

Действия международной организации миграции против трефикинга в Грузии

Резюме

Тема в основном касается действия международной организации миграции в Грузии. Координируя с международными организациями и неправительственными организациями, международная организация миграции является активным органом в поддержке правительства Грузии для развития и модернизации ее политики против торговли людьми. Международная организация миграции – член Межведомственного Совета Координации, который наблюдает за выполнением плана действий против торговли людьми в Грузии. Международная организация миграции также официально вовлечена в выполнение механизмов для идентификации предполагаемых жертв торговли людьми и предоставлении официального статуса жертвы.

Tamar Mardaleishvili

Counter trafficking activities of IOM in Georgia

The Summary

The theme is basically about Counter Trafficking Activities of IOM in Georgia. Coordinat-ing with partner international organizations and NGOs, IOM is active in supporting the Gov-ernment of Georgia to develop and updrage its counter-trafficking policy. IOM is a member of the Interagency Coordination Council, which oversees the implementa-tion of Georgia’s counter-trafficking action plan. In that capacity IOM regularly provides expert advice to the government, such as for the development of the Strategy for the Rehab-bilitation.

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mrgvali magidis “trefikingi da axalgazrdoba”

daskvniTi rekomendaciebi

• samarTaldamcavi struqturebis, sakonsulo dawesebulebaTa da sa-gareo saqmeTa saministros TanamSromlebis, mosamarTleebisa da advokatebis profesionaluri donis amaRleba.

• kanonmdeblobaSi saerTaSoriso normebis (standartebis) Sesabamisi Sesworebebis Setanisa da harmonizaciis lobireba.

• trefikingiT dazaralebulTa mowmeebis konfidencialobis uzrun-velyofis mizniT dacvis programis miReba sasamarTlo gamoZiebi-sas, sasamarTlo darbazSi Sesvlisas, gamosvlisas da a.S.

• trefikingiT dazaralebulTa identificirebul msxverplTa mate-rialuri daxmarebis aRmoCena uSualod identifikaciis Semdeg miuxedavad imisa, miscemen Tu ara isini Cvenebas trefikiorebis wi-naaRmdeg, raTa maT SeumsubuqdeT adaptaciis procesi samSobloSi dabrunebisas.

• saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad trefikin-giT dazaralebulTa referaluri meqanizmebis optimizacia maTi piradi monacemebis konfidencialobis dacvis mizniT.

• trefikingis msxverplTaTvis samSobloSi dasabrunebeli dokumen-tebis miRebis proceduris gamartiveba; maTi sakonsulo mosakrebe-li/Sesatanidan ganTavisufleba.

• arasamTavrobo da saxelmwifo struqturebs Soris TanamSromlo-bis racionaluri meqanizmebis Seqmna.

• adamianebiT vaWrobasTan (trefikingTan) brZolis sferoSi arsebu-li miRwevebis indikatorebma unda gazardos dazaralebulTa ga-movlena da unda iyos ufro xarisxobrivi, vidre raodenobrivi; aucileblad iqnas gamoyenebuli monacemTa analizis korelaciuri meTodebi.

• umaRles saswavleblebSi, iuridiul fakultetebze, gansakuTrebu-li yuradReba unda mieqces adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingi) sa-kiTxebis Seswavlas Semdeg saleqcio kursebSi: kriminologia, sa-marTaldamcavi organoebi, adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi da a. S.

• saWiroa Sromis inspeqciis gauqmebis problemis gadaWra, radganac Sromis inspeqtorebs didi roli gaaCnia SromiTi trefikingis msxverplebis pirvelad identificirebaSi da maT gadamimarTulebaSi, amrigad, kargi iqneba, rom SromiTi inspeqtorebi erovnuli referaluri meqanizmis nawilad CaiTvalon. sasurvelia, rom SromiTi inspeqciis instituti aRdges da aisaxos rogorc erovnul referalur meqanizmSi aseve samoqmedo gegmaSi.

170

• agreTve saWiroa erovnuli referaluri meqanizmis daxvewa, raTa man moicvas SromiTi trefikingis problemac; raTa Sromis bazris institutebi – profkavSirebi da damsaqmeblebi – gaxdnen erovnuli referaluri meqanizmis monawileebi.

• yuradReba unda mieqces Sidsis da imunodeficitis virusis sakiTxs trefikingis msxverplebTan mimarTebaSi – samwuxarod erovnuli referaluri meqanizmi arc erT etapze ar exeba am sakiTxs. samwuxaroa, rom arsebobs stereotipi rom trefikingis yoveli msxverpli daavadebulia SidsiT, Tumca kvlevebma sxva qveynebSi aCvena rom es ase ar aris.

• muxli 143.2. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi), sadac mocemulia misi ganmarteba:

_ “arasrulwlovnis yidva an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva ukanono

garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve misi gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba, gadacema, Sefareba anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT”.

_ makvalificirebeli niSnebi analogiuria 143.1 muxlis Sesabamisi

niSnebisa. _ imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es muxli praqtikulad 143.1 muxlis

identuria, mizanSewonilia maTi gaerTianeba da arasrulwlovnis an mcirewlovnis trefikingis damamZimebel garemoebad gamotana.

• trefikingTan brZolis saqmeSi, mniSvnelovan nabijad migvaCnia ormxrivi da mravalmxrivi xelSekrulebebis dadeba trefikingTan, gansakuTrebiT bavSvTa trefikingTan brZolis saqmeSi;

• unda daixvewos saxelmwifo programa trefikingTan brZolis sa-kiTxebSi da ufro meti yuradReba mieqces trefikingis msxverplTa gamovlenis sakiTxebs;

• mizanSewonilad migvaCnia sazogadoebrivma organizaciebma, saxelm-wifom, saerTaSoriso organizaciebma ufro efeqturad moaxdinon trefikingis arsis, meTodebis, masTan brZolis popularizacia, rac migvaCnia, rom efeqturi zoma iqneba. trefikingis potenciur msxverplTan muSaobis; sazogadoebis farTo fenebis informireba (ara kompaniurad aramed sistematurad) xels Seuwyobs am dana-SaulTan brZolas da profilaqtikas.

mrgvali magidis ,,trefikingi da axalgazrdoba” daskvniTi rekomendaciebi

reziume

2008 wlis 4 aprils danaSaulobis kvlevisa da prognozirebis cen-tris mier organizebuli mrgvali magidis monawileebma SeimuSaves re-komendaciebi, romlebic waredgina sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs.

171

Chris Eskridge

Crime and Justice in the 21st Century: I have been asked to address to the topic of crime and justice issues in the 21st century. There are indeed a host of forces and factors on the present and/or near horizon, many of which are inter-related, that will drive crime and security matters for decades to come. My laundry list includes the following: 1. Migration - There will be massive migration of individuals across nations and across

continents in this next century, both legal and illegal, and the world will experience a significant measure of disruption because of it. This will come about due to a variety of reasons:

A. Globalization - Human capital markets will become increasingly fluid in a geo-

graphic context due to constantly shifting employment supply and demand needs. Better markets (and better hunting grounds) have always driven the human race, and the globalized economic system feeds directly into and off of that basic element of human nature.

B. Persistent poverty – One of the dark aspects of globalization, and of capitalism in general, is the problem of persistent poverty. Those at the lower end of the eco-nomic scale will, in this globalized world, seek job security and job enrichment in response to their present state of unemployment/ underemployment, and will move accordingly. Migration of the poor and disenfranchised from transitional nations into developed ones is already a political hot button item the world over, and a most profitable market for organized crime. Human smuggling will be come a huge con-cern for law enforcement in this next century.

C. Rising energy costs/decreased energy access - Individuals will gravitate to regions where costs are lower and access is greater out of a pure survival instinct.

D. Environmental degradation and the accompanying famine and overall health con-cerns - As agricultural productivity declines and food and water supplies diminish, masses will flock to regions where basic food, nutrition and health needs can be met. A 50 percent increase in food production is needed by 2030, and we are not likely going to see that in the increasingly erratic and volatile agricultural environment. Consider the strife and turmoil surrounding the African feminine scenarios of the last 25 years; multiply that by several fold, and the magnitude of the problem be-comes most overwhelming.

E. Population growth - As implied, the world’s population continues to grow at what now appears to be an unsustainable rate. As food, water, and energy supplies be-come taxed, social peace and basic security may become undeliverable.

2. Youth demographics - In nations where 40 percent of the populationare youth age 25

and under (the so-called youth bulge), there is a two fold increase in the probability of a revolution, and a higher than usual rate of violence. Countries that have significantly more males than female, which obviously presents a situation where males have a lesser chance of marriage, are more likely to experience revolution, and have higher violent crime rates. This is known as the bare branch syndrome. These youth demo-graphics have profound potential international impacts due to the globalization of trade and commerce. A nation in the midst of a multi-year spike in violence and/or one ex-periencing revolution, will of course be less likely to be engaged in international trade, and less likely to attract external investment. Interestingly, 21 of the 22 Arabic League states, most of which are oil producers, are currently dealing with both of the demo-graphic realities.

3. Internal strife - It is my premise that this next century will see violence between sover-

eign states diminish. Violence within nations, however, will escalate due to many of the factors we are exploring today (youth bulges and bare branches as we just dis-

172

cussed.). The world’s military units (the U.S. in particular) will need to re-tool them-selves, and instead of preparing for World War III, focus instead on carrying out a re-sponse to asymmetric regional and civic strife. The law enforcement community will need to take on more of a social service/problem solving orientation, focusing on both preventative and curative orientations, partnering with prominent civic, business, edu-cational and religious leaders within the neighborhoods and measuring success not just by crime and victimization rates, but by other social indicators such as the communal literacy rate, illegitimate pregnancy rate, unemployment rates, high school graduation rates, economic growth, reduction in communal diseases, etc. This is the roles of the police in the 21st century - community based problem solving partners.

4. Ineffective government-based security institutions in transitional nations - When gov-ernment based security institutions are ineffectual, people tend to look to extended family, tribal, ethnic, and/or religious entities for protection. These entities have taken the form of militias and insurgency groups in the Middle East. They will not go away until the government can provide security, and even then, since the militias have so firmly established themselves, it will likely take some years to dismantle them, and the dismantling will of necessity come via an internal velvet glove, not an external iron fist.

5. Islamic inspired terrorism -Terrorism, emanating from the Muslim world, will con-

tinue to be a geo-political factor for decades to come. There appears to be two primary sources:

A. The young and disenfranchised who can be turned from terrorism with hope and le-gitimate socio-economic opportunity structures

B. The religious zealots who will not be so easily turned as they wish to destroy all there is in the West for Allah, who is standing by, even at the gates, to start a new world, an Islamic world, with the scraps of the old.

It is my premise that Islam is now experiencing much the same internal strife that character-ized Western Christianity in the Middle Ages, when Catholic and Protestants engaged in vir-tual non-stop war throughout Europe for hundreds of years, and even exporting the conflict to other continents as well. We are in for much of the same, but now emanating from the Islamic community. The real question is whether we, the West, can absorb form the Islamic East, the same level of blood and horror we the West wreaked upon the world when we were in the midst of our reformation period. 6. Power vacuum - The current status of the United States as the world’s sole super-

power, the hyperpower, is clearly coming to an end for a variety of reasons (debt, loss of moral authority, the “rise of the rest”). What is of concern is that once that power becomes diminished, the world currently seems poised to move, not toward a balance of power, but one where there is an absence of power...a power vacuum, for there is no other entity in place at present to take the lead. A true power vacuum would be ca-lamitous - religious fanaticism would emerge, economic stagnation, waning social co-hesion, de-globalization, fear and xenophobia reigning supreme. These are the Dark Age experiences that such a world would encounter, and it is a sobering notion.

As a counterpoint, there are a host of transnational organizations that, taken together, have the potential to fill this void; the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization. At present, however, these entities are too splin-tered and more representative of an adolescent in puberty than a mature statesman capable of mitigating international crises. The contemporary American decline and the coming power vacuum will clear center stage, however, and it will be most interesting to see who, if any-one, can step up and hold center court. I wish to digress for a moment and focus for a few minutes on the much-discussed topic of decline of America. I would like to make four points in that context:

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A. The United States is still the military superpower and will be for decades to come. There is no military on earth that can match America’s military technology or fire-power, and the time, money and expertise needed to reach that level is out of reach to all but a handful of countries, and those countries are choosing to spend their time, money and expertise on industrial growth and domestic development. Conse-quently, the U.S. will remain the world’s sole military superpower for at least an-other 50 years. However, the 21st century will see violence between sovereign states diminish and violence within states escalate in the form of regional and civil conflicts. The U.S. military is prepared to fight a large-scale international war, a World War III if you would, and it is not oriented toward regional/civil war. Conse-quently, its massive military might in a 21st century context, will likely prove to be irrelevant.

America is, in fact, slipping in every other sphere – moral (particularly in the aftermath Iraq, Guantanamo, Abu Grihab; we have completely lost our good example), industrial, financial, political, social, cultural. America’s decline will not be the catastrophic collapse of the So-viet Union, but more like the British empire’s long ride into the sunset that began at the end of the previous century. In a positive sense, our influence, like theirs, will be felt for dec-ades, if not centuries, akin to the Roman Empire, but our influence is clearly waning. America’s decline is best viewed not in an absolute sense, but rather in a relative one. The issue is not so much that the U.S. power has subsided, but rather that there are a host of other nations rising….other nations are catching up. I turn to my own experience. I lived in the Philippines in the early 1970s. I returned 30 years later and was shocked by the progress I saw. The 30 year time frame from 1940 to 1970 saw little or no economic and social devel-opment, but the 30 year time period from 1970 to 2000 saw massive growth, and the Philip-pines are not even a good example, for they are still a developing nations. Better examples of “the rise of the rest” as Zakaria describes it, would be Turkey, Brazil, the United Arab Emirates, India, Thailand, Taiwan, China, Russia, Chile, Argentina, many of the former So-viet states that are now in the EU. There are a host of decidedly modern, peaceful, industri-alized states who have risen into the developed, industrialized ranks, who are producing top scholars and involved in cutting edge research, who are culturally absorbing the notion of the rule of law, who have clearly moved to a post-war orientation, who now have a stake in and rightfully wish to influence world affairs, and who are ready and totally capable of taking their place at the table. The United States needs to recognize these changes in the international landscape and move away from the arrogant, sanctimonious, monologue diplomacy model that became so par-ticularly prominent in the Bush years. The Bush administration was a government of zealots and extremists, belligerently intolerant of those with divergent views, who, filled with certi-tude, did not weigh alternative views nor considered the possibility of personal error. Civili-zation requires a shunning of monologue and certitude; its foremost threat, a surplus of both. The greatest asset the United States possessed in the post World War II era was its good ex-ample. That is now gone, replaced with the nauseating stench of arrogance and condescend-ing superiority. Such an orientation is passé, and the United States needs to now engage in a diplomacy of cooperative dialogue, with its accompanying egalitarian orientation. American has been the rule maker and the rule enforcer for several decades, but it has not always played by those rules. This too needs to end, and will eventually end as other nations exer-cise their powers. This will be hard for a nation with a proud sense of deistic manifest des-tiny, but America’s time is over. Its manifest destiny has been realized, and the world is now entering a new phase of global power and influence, a phase where the U.S. will no longer be dominant…a major player, but no longer ascendant. 7. Ethnic and religious tension - Ethnic and religious divisions are growing increasingly

pronounced in some quarters, and as a result, the notion of a cooperative and peaceful international community is increasingly threatened. The power and influence of fun-damentalists of every ilk (Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Sikh) cannot be ignored. Fun-

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damentalism by nature advances monologues and mantras, retreatism, de-globalization, tribal/local/regional autonomy, the creation of social and cultural en-claves with an extreme focus on the preservation of identity, independence manifested in the form of isolation, an irrational demand for absolute sovereignty, culminating in outbreaks of xenophobia with all its destructive manifestations. By the same token there is a countervailing force seeking collective governance and cross-national com-merce, trade and social/cultural intercourse. There is tension now, and there will be tension for centuries to come, between fundamentalism and globalization, between the drive for collective governance and local sovereignty/retreatism, as there has been in this world for centuries. The struggle simply continues, with new verses and new faces.

Longitudinally, I tend to put my faith in the eventual emergence of collective governance, in enhanced trade and cross-national social and culture intercourse, in economic integration, in globalization. In the end, economic interests will trump belligerence. Economic vibrancy will yield domestic tranquility. As evidence I offer the past ten years. Over the past decade, political turmoil has swept the world. There have been the 9/11 attacks, bombings in Bali, Casablanca, Istanbul, Madrid and London. There have been two major American-lead wars in Afghanistan and Iraq which have been protracted and horribly destabilizing. Add to this the war between Israel and Lebanon, Iran=s bid for regional supremacy, North Korea’s nu-clear sword-rattling, the Chinese-Tibet crisis, Russia’s continuing clashes with its neighbors. Yet, during this same period, the world economy has experienced unprecedented growth. We are experiencing today something that has not happened in recorded history - simultane-ous growth worldwide. The U.S., Europe and Japan are doing well, but so is China, and In-dia and Brazil and Argentina and Chile and Turkey and Thailand and the United Arab Emir-ates. Their rise is powering the new global order. Globalization is more powerful, widespread and resilient than even the economists realized. It is amazingly elastic, but, we should probably not be so surprised, for globalization in mi-cro appeals to the individual interests of the world’s body politic who see it as a way out, a way for them and for their families to move forward. There are, in point of fact, massive numbers of persons, entire nations visualizing hope en mass for the first time in human his-tory. That power will trump civic strife and turmoil in the end. There will be more body bags, too many more, but the spirit of globalization has reached the four corners of this globe. It has been universally embraced, and as previously noted, that genie will not be put back into the bottle. While globalization has some decidedly negative impacts, I see it, in sum total, as a mitigating factor to many of the global crime problems of the 21st century. I have an additional thought on this matter. One particular family of collateral demands of globalization is the entire notion of civic stability and order; the establishment of a genuine rule of law, creation, growth and development of equitable and efficient institutions of public order and dispute resolution, conformity to international trade norms, rational governance, and political transparency. These will simply be demanded, as without them, a nation will be decidedly handicapped as it attempts to compete in the global economy, which is a reason to simultaneously embrace justice education, but more on that later. 8. A rise in nationalism - This has been a sleeping phenomenon for the last half-century.

As economic fortunes rise, so inevitably will nationalism, and also inevitably will some of the negative aspects of nationalism. Pride, an interest in attaining international recog-nition and respect, frustrated over having been forced to accept an American narrative of world events for so long, aggravated with having been cast as bit players for so long and accompanied by the concurrent drive to now have a viable seat at the table, a desire to right historic wrongs; these are all factors that will aggravate the issue. Newly arising na-tions are going to be strongly assertive of their ideals and interests. How are we going to get so many actors to work together? As mentioned a moment ago, the traditional mechanisms of international cooperation are fraying, and are nearly all out of step with the times. The G8 does not include China, India or Brazil. The IMF is always headed

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by a European, the World Bank by an American. These country club ideals are passé, but finding a way, finding mechanisms that can include more countries and more NGOs as viable and empowered players with a seat at the table will be hard, but it does need to be done. If China, India, Brazil, Thailand, etc. all have a contributing stake in the world order, there will be less chance of war, depression, and general social unrest, and less chance of unbridled nationalism raising its ugly head. But, that is not the only answer, for some may have a seat at the table and still want more power. Then of course there are those nations that will feel left out, cheated, betrayed, and the negative aspects of na-tionalism will be easily fanned into flames by opportunistic politicians in such settings. Heaven forbid that another Hitler arrive on the world scene, especially in this nuclear age.

I would note that we are already seeing some of the negative elements of nationalism emerge in several countries. North Korea is certainly one example, where nationalism is being driven by an internal engine of propaganda, isolation, and hero worship, and with nuclear warheads on the table, this nationalistically driven state cannot be taken lightly. Then there are several nations (Russia, Venezuela, Iran), all empowered and embolden by oil wealth, that are rattling the saber of forward-leaning, self-serving nationalism, to the current and po-tential further detriment to communal peace and prosperity of their neighbors. Note that all of these nations are currently headed by a propaganda spouting sole ruler who is plucking at the nationalistic heartstrings of his body politic as a means of staying in power. Whatever the factors, and there will be unique justifications and motives based on contingencies of the moment, customs, and cultures, the 21st century will see the re-emergence of the negative side of nationalism, and the world community will need to contend with its potentially de-structive ramifications. 9. Organized crime - I add to this list the usual suspect of organized crime with all its

offerings - drugs, arms, prostitution, human trafficking, counterfeit goods, and organ-ized crime’s Siamese twin, government corruption. There is strong evidence that or-ganized crime entities around the globe are beginning to build partnerships in a classic division of labor context. Globalization’s impact in illegitimate trade and commerce is just as vibrant and dynamic as it is in the legitimate. Law enforcements fragmented responses will be no match.

10. Middle class revolt - I see on the horizon, some social unrest percolating from the middle class sector of the industrialized nations as social welfare commitments go un-met. We are a few years away yet, but I think this has the potential for some serious social disruption.

11. The seemingly endless cycle of interpersonal violence - As a former criminal investi-gator, I am personally concerned with the seemingly eternal cycle of violence that is settling in to many communities, especially in those nations with high socio-economic inequity coefficients. The child abuse and spousal abuse that runs from one generation to the next to the next is most distressing.

12. The overuse of prisons – I wish to add as item #12, the truly irrational and utterly

counterproductive over use of prisons particularly in the United States, which is con-tributing significantly to the crime problem, both in the short term and in the long term. A full 25 percent of the world’s prison population is in the United States, and this is contributing to the American crime problems, not mitigating it

As I looked over this list, I thought of myself for a moment, not as a criminologist, but rather as a physician, and instead of addressing crime problems, addressing medical problems, and not of the 21st century, but rather of the 19th century. And the reason I draw this analogy is that I believe that the field of criminology today is very much like the field of medicine 200 years ago. There were seemingly insurmountable health issues then, as there are seemingly insurmountable crime problems today…small pox, bubonic plague, malaria, infections, con-sumption, scurvy. There was a lot of guesswork in medicine in 1800, a very limited episte-mological understanding, no body of knowledge of consequence, no consistently proven

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treatment modalities. What did medicine do to move from where it was then, when life, as Thomas Hobbes wrote, was nasty, brutish and short (short indeed as life expectancy at the time was roughly 40 years of age) to the situation of today. Death has not been eliminated, and yes, there is still some guesswork in medicine, but there is a body of knowledge today, there is epistemological understanding, there are hundreds and hundreds of proven, success-ful treatment modalities, many of life’s serious diseases have been eliminated and the sever-ity of the nature of disease in the aggregate has been significantly mitigated. Life expec-tancy has extended to 80 years of age in the developed nations, and it is a markedly im-proved quality of life in the health context. What has happened? What accounts for this progress? What can we in criminology learn? The field of medicine did four things: 1. It moved toward a ubiquitous, cross-national educational model. Schools of medicine

have sprouted up in quality institutions of higher education the world over in the last 200 years and there is an extensive amount of professional cooperation, interaction and ex-change.

2. It adopted the principle of experimental design and evidence-based evaluation 3. It embraced an inter-disciplinary perspective. It is not unusual today to see an article in

a medical journal authored by half-a-dozen researchers from half-a-dozen different dis-ciplines (and from half-a-dozen different institutions, per point #1).

4. It integrated scientific inquiry with the political. Medicine realized that it needed to get

its message out to the masses to realize real preventative and curative progress. I wish to return to the theme that there are great parallels between medicine and criminology. We in criminology cannot eliminate crime anymore than physicians can eliminate death, but we can, like medicine, reduce the severity of the nature of crime through preventative and curative mechanisms, just as medicine can reduce the severity of disease through preventa-tive and curative means. There was little understanding in 1800 that different diseases needed different treatments, and that different people with the same diseases sometimes needed different treatments. There was no understanding as to the difference between a bacteria based and a viral based disease. But, once the four basic premises were implemented (cross national education, ex-perimental design, interdisciplinary orientation, political medicine), and once Louis Pasteur came along, the field of medicine exploded. No, it cannot nor ever will eliminate death, we cannot eliminate crime, but we both can reduce the severity of the nature of crime and dis-ease, and we can do so by embracing the four principles - cross national education, experi-mental design, interdisciplinary orientation, political criminology. Improvements in crime and punishment matters and the reduction of corruption throughout the world in the 21st cen-tury, depend upon criminology moving in this same strategic direction. As the American writer Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote, for every 100 people hacking at the leaves, there is only one digging at the root of the problem. We cannot address the crime problems by hack-ing at the leaves in a piecemeal fashion. We need to come at this from a fundamental, etio-logical, epistemological, systemic orientation and adopt the same procedural model as did medicine. I wish to briefly address all four procedural methodologies which medicine em-braced, and apply them to criminology:

Chris Eskridge School of Criminology University of Nebraska

177

kris eskriji

kriminologia da Tanamedrove samyaros gamowvevebi 21-e saukuneSi

reziume

winamdebare naSromSi CamoTvlilia danaSaulobasTan urTierTdakav-Sirebuli faqtorebi:

− migracia – romelSic Sedis: globalizacia, mudmivi siRaribe, fa-sebis zrda energiaze, ekologiuri degradacia, SimSili da janmr-Telobis problemebi;

− axalgazrdobis demografia;

− Sinagani brZola;

− araefeqturi mTavroba;

− islamuri STagonebis terorizmi;

− Zalauflebis vakuumi;

− eTnikuri da religiuri daZabuloba;

− nacionalizmis gaZliereba;

− organizebuli danaSauloba;

− saSualo klasis ajanyeba;

− daumTavrebeli cikli abonentTaSorisi Zaladobis;

− problemebi cixeebSi;

Крис Ескридж

Криминология и проблемы современного мира в 21 веке

Резюме

В выше изложенной работе перечислены те факторы преступности многие из которых взаимосвязаны в современом мире. Конкретно в работе рассмотренны следующие вопросы: − Перемещение – глобализация, постоянная бедность, возрастающая цена на

стоимость энергии, доступ к энергии, экологическая деградация и сопровождающий голод и проблемы здоровья, прирост населения;

− Демография молодёжи; − Борьба внутри общества, − Неэффективное правительство; − Исламский терроризм; − Вакуум власти; − Этническая и религиозная напряженность; − Повышение национализма; − Организованная преступность; − Восстание среднего класса; − Бесконечный цикл межабонентского насилия; − Проблемии втюрьмах.

SeniSvnebisTvis

proeqtis asistenti Tea kalandia

dizaineri daviT mefariSvili

teqnikuri redaqtori arCil kopaleiSvili

Assistant of the project Tea Kalandia

Designer David Meparishvili

Technical editor Archil Kopaleishvili


saqarTvelo, Tbilisi 0160, jano bagrationis 6.

tel: (995 32) 385 849, 384 406

faqsi: (995 32) 252 981

E-mail: [email protected]

Grigol Robakidze University 6, Jano Bagrationi Street

Tbilisi 0160, Georgia Tel.: (995 32) 385 849, 384 406

Fax: (995 32) 252 981 E-mail: [email protected]



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