GREEN MANUFAC(COLLOQUIM REPORT)

BASUDEB SHIT B.M.E-IV,SEC- A2ROLL-001111201028JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY

GREEN MANUFACTURING(COLLOQUIM REPORT)

A2

001111201028 JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY

TURING

PREFACE

The word colloquim stands for formal academic presentation . As a

compulsory subject we have colloquim in our course curriculum .we

have already presented our individual topic in the class. Now I have

made a brief description of the topic to explain the topic in an effective

way.

CONTENTS

I. What is green manufacturing?

II. Goals

III. Why green manufacturing?

IV. Benefits of green manufacturing

V. Processes of green manufacturing

VI. Examples

VII. Barriers to green manufacturing

VIII. Description of keywords

What is green manufacturing?

Green Manufacturing is a method for manufacturing that minimizes

waste and pollution achieved through product and process design. It

slows the depletion of natural resources as well as lowering the

extensive amounts of trash that enter landfills. Its emphasis is on

reducing parts, rationalizing materials, and reusing

components(effective life cycle managemet), to help make products

more efficient to build. It should also minimize resource consumption.

Green Manufacturing is a philosophy rather than an adopted process

because it motivates ongoing improvement efforts even though it may

be impossible to achieve.It is a holistic endeavor intended to result in

less waste, cleaner products and processes, a better and safer working

environment, improved relationships between companies and local

communities, compliance with government regulations, and

enhancement of profitability and competitiveness.

The reason it is such an important tool is because it intertwines with

today’s manufacturing strategies of global sourcing, concurrent

engineering, and total quality.

Green Manufacturing’s Goal

I. Its goal is to achieve sustainability.

II. Every company when it comes to green manufacturing should be

conserving natural resources for future generations.

III. To gain maximum return on investment.

IV. To reduce carbon footprint.

Why Green Manufacturing?

To answer the above question one has to ask questions about

the Manufacturer’s Responsibilities,so as to, Where does a

manufacturer’s responsibility end? What is an acceptable level of

toxic emission? The questions further lead to more questions to

be answered, as to,Responsibility, does it end at the sale? Does a

customer's responsibility end at the landfill when they are

finished using the product? Who should decide on the toxic level?

The people that live in the neighborhood of the government? In

the end no one really knows where anything stops and so

therefore companies and individuals must take it upon

themselves to help eliminate waste. They should not wait for it to

become a law…………So in summary the objectives are-

I. Strive for a better , pollution free world

II. Ensure minimum cost of production

III. Safer working environment

IV. To gain customer trust

V. Compliance with government regulations

Benefits Of Green Manufacturing

Creates a great reputation to the public.

The reputation of a company to the public is always an important thing

because it can float or sink a company. If a company pollutes its

neighborhoods, people would begin to move away creating a lack of

employees which might damage their production numbers.

Saves useless cost.

Eliminating waste saves money because companies wouldn't have to

figure out what to do with parts in the end when it could be recycled.

Promotes Research and Design

Firms that are using green manufacturing create 2x the products due to

its research and development. (Richard Florida in California

Management Article)

Process of Green Manufacturing

I. Companies move from traditional end-of-pipe control to new

technologies.

Examples of new technologies would be things like pollution

prevention, production process modernization, materials substitution.

etc.

II. End-Of-Life Management

End of life management is the full life cycle starting from the virgin

materials to the use and disposal of the final product.

III. Waste source reduction on the spot & Recycling.

Global environmental standards like ISO 14000 are being

introduced that emphasize management systems that address

environmental concerns, operations that consider energy and

natural resource consumption, and systems for measuring,

assessing and managing waste streams.

Reduction of wastage has also helped in the cost reduction in the

long-term perspective. Wastage reduction directly deals with the

minimization of residuals. Any manufacturing process produces

residuals and/or generates wastage. Residuals are normally

different from the input resources, while wastage is the

superfluous resources, which could not be tapped into the

transformation process.

Residuals can be reduced in manufacturing plants by three

common methods. They are reuse, remanufacture, and recycle.

Reuse occurs when the component has minor changes made

before forming a part of the final product. Remanufacture, results

in considerable change in the component before it can be taken

back into the product. Recycle requires maximum transformation

before it can be taken back into the manufacturing cycle. Most of

the times recycle involves out-of-industry treatment for the

component to be made useful. For example, printing may use

recycled paper, which becomes useful only after the paper has

been reprocessed in paper mills. Thus, reused, remanufactured

and recycled components are taken back into conversion process

at different stages with recycled being taken back at the earliest

phase of production.

IV. Virgin Materials are recycled

Virgin materials can be recycled through the process of distillation and

filtering. The distilled or filtered materials could be reintroduced in the

life cycle wherever new materials aren't required.

V. Invest in production process improvements rather than control

technology.

"Corporate companies spent $7.2 billion in pollution abatement and

control expenditure of which $3.2 billion were on production process

enhancement.

VI. Advanced manufacturing systems promotes green design and

production strategies.

Manufacturing systems promotes green design because both strategies

are based on the dedication to product improvement, cost reduction,

and technology innovation.

VII. Development of innovative manufacturing systems.

Improving the manufacturing system simultaneously minimizes cost

connected with environmental compliance.

VIII. Reduction in “leapfrogging from lily pad to lily pad.” (Bergstrom,

50)

Leapfrogging from lily to lily pad means not to jump on every chemical

that initially describes itself as more environmentally safe but later on it

creates even more problems than the original material.

IX. Substitute renewable sources for finite ones.

Substituting renewable sources for finite ones might not be completely

safe as found in a study between petroleum and plants. The study

concluded that even though plants could be used as a substitute the

cost in the end might be more and more environmentally dangerous.

(Gerngross, Daily University Science News)

X. Funding research facilities.

Companies can fund researches that includes finding substitute

chemicals and materials that will eliminate pollution at the top.

XI. Employee Recycling.

XII. Companies must decide whether to make-or-buy.

Little things like recycling paper and soda cans can reduce a lot of waste

cost. Companies that produces materials can decide whether or not

they want to contract another company to make certain parts because

those companies might have better equipment and higher vertical

control technology.

Examples of Green Manufacturing

I. TOYOTA JIT SYSTEM

The term JIT stands for just in time. “Just-in-Time” means making

"only what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount

needed." For example, to efficiently produce a large number of

automobiles, which can consist of around 30,000 parts, it is

necessary to create a detailed production plan that includes parts

procurement. Supplying "what is needed, when it is needed, and in

the amount needed" according to this production plan can eliminate

waste, inconsistencies, and unreasonable requirements, resulting in

improved productivity. World’s leading automobile firm

implemented this system to ensure green manufacturing.

II. USING VEGETABLE OIL AS A POTENTIAL METAL CUTTING FLUID

A wide variety of cutting flids are commercially available in the

cutting flid suppliers in order to provide machining performances for

a number of industries. In machining, mineral, synthetic and semi-

synthetic cutting flids are widely used but, recently, uses of vegetable

based cutting flids have been increased. Although, these cutting flids

are benefiial in the industries, their uses are being questioned

nowadays as regards to health and environmental issues. Cutting flids

are contaminated with metal particles and degradation products

which diminish the effectiveness of cutting flids. To minimize the

adverse environmental effects associated with the use of cutting flids,

the hazardous components from their formulations have to be

eliminated or reduced to the acceptable level. In addition, mineral

based cutting flids are going to be replaced with vegetable based

cutting flids since they are environmentally friendly. Today to

diminish the negative effects associated with cutting flids, researchers

have developed new bio based cutting flids from various vegetable

oils.

MANUFACTURING BARRIERS TO

GREEN

SURVIVING THE TRANSITION Despite having a plethora of advantages there are lot of barriers

hinders the implementation of green manufacturing . To

implement green manufacturing the industry has to change its

traditional production process which requires a huge

investment. But there is no assurance that this newly adopted

process will succeed. That is why every industry dares to take

the plunge as it might result in a huge loss to the industry.

KEYWORDS

SUSTAINABILITY-

The word sustainability is derived from the Latin sustinere (tenere,

to hold; sub, up). Sustain can mean “maintain", "support", or

"endure”.[4][5] Since the 1980s sustainability has been used more

in the sense of human sustainability on planet Earth and this has

resulted in the most widely quoted definition of sustainability as a

part of the concept sustainable development, that of the

Brundtland Commission of the United Nations on March 20, 1987:

“sustainable development is development that meets the needs

of the present without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs.

Sustainable development is a road-map, an action plan, for

achieving sustainability in any activity that uses resources and

where immediate and intergenerational replication is demanded.

As such, sustainable development is the organizing principle for

sustaining finite resources necessary to provide for the needs of

future generations of life on the planet. It is a process that

envisions a desirable future state for human societies in which

living conditions and resource-use continue to meet human needs

without undermining the "integrity, stability and beauty" of

natural biotic systems.

CARBON FOOTPRINT-

A carbon footprint is historically defined as "the total sets of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an organization, event, product or person. The total carbon footprint cannot be calculated because of the large amount of data required and the fact that carbon dioxide can be produced by natural occurrences. It is for this reason that Wright, Kemp, and Williams, writing in the journal Carbon Management, have suggested a more practicable definition:

A measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions of a defined population, system or activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population, system or activity of interest. Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) using the relevant 100-year global warming potential (GWP100). Greenhouse gases (GHGs) can be emitted through transport, land clearance, and the production and consumption of food, fuels, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings, and services.For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs, emitted. Most of the carbon footprint emissions for the average U.S. household come from "indirect" sources, i.e. fuel burned to produce goods far away from the final consumer. These are distinguished from emissions which come from burning fuel directly in one's car or stove, commonly referred to as "direct" sources of the consumer's carbon footprint.