GRDP’s Handbook on SEA in SFs - Romania -...

Romania-Serbia IPA CBC Programme 2014 - 2020

Strategic Environmental Assessment Report

August 2014


Project co-funded by EU through the Romania–Republic of Serbia IPA Cross-border Programme

Disclaimer: The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors.

Authors: This document has been prepared within Ex-ante assessment and SEA for Romania-Serbia IPA CBC Programme 2014 - 2020´ implemented by Ernst & Young SRL with technical inputs on SEA matters by Integra Consulting Ltd. Contact to the consulting service provider:

Ernst & Young SRLBucharest Tower Center, 22nd Floor, 15-17 Ion Mihalache Blvd., Bucharest 011171, Romania

Contact to the lead author:

The report has been prepared by Jiří Dusík (Integra Consulting Ltd., [email protected],Tel: +420-603214487)

Technical inputs were provided by Marilena Patrascu (consultant, baseline analyses and consultations on procedural matters in Romania) and Nebojša Pokimica (Dvoper Ltd, baseline analyses and consultations on procedural matters in Serbia).

Strategic Environmental Assessment Report, Draft 1 2


TABLE OF CONTENTS

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY___________________________________________5

1 AN OUTLINE OF THE CONTENTS, MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN OR PROGRAMME AND RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER RELEVANT PLANS AND PROGRAMMES__________________________________________________12

1.1 The outline of the programme______________________________________12

1.2 Objectives and areas of intervention_______________________________12

1.3 Relationship with other relevant plans and programmes_________13

2 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE______________________________________142.1 The environmental characteristics of areas likely to be significantly affected_______________________________________________________14

2.2 The relevant aspects of the current state of the environment in the Republic of Serbia and the likely evolution thereof without implementation of the plan or programme_______________________________15

2.3 The relevant aspects of the current state of the environment in Romania and the likely evolution thereof without implementation of the plan or programme_____________________________________________________23

Biodiversity_________________________________________________________________________23Water quality_______________________________________________________________________45Ground Waters_____________________________________________________________________47Industrial pollution events and contamination_______________________________________47

2.4 Any existing environmental problems which are relevant to the plan or programme including, in particular, those relating to any areas of a particular environmental importance, such as areas designated pursuant to Directives 79/409/EEC and 92/43/EEC_______________________48

3 RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND APPRAISAL OF THE PROPOSED STRATEGY PURSUED IN THE PROGRAM___________________48

3.1 Environmental protection objectives, established at international, Community or Member State level, which are relevant to the plan or programme_____________________________________________________48

3.2 The way relevant environmental objectives and any environmental considerations have been taken into account during its preparation_________________________________________________________________49

4 ASSESSMENT APPROACH, EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES__________________________________________________________52

4.1 An outline of the reasons for selecting the alternatives dealt with, and a description of how the assessment was undertaken including any difficulties (such as technical deficiencies or lack of know-how) encountered in compiling the required information________52

4.2 The likely significant effects on the environment and the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and as fully as possible offset any significant adverse effects on the environment of implementing the plan or programme_____________________________________________________53



5 MEASURES ENVISAGED CONCERNING MONITORING______________66



Glossary

Term or acronym

Definition

CBC Cross-Border Cooperation

IPA The EU Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment

SEA Directive Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment.



NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY

This SEA Report was prepared for the Romania-Serbia IPA CBC Programme 2014 - 2020 which has been elaborated within “Technical assistance for multi-annual programming of future cross border cooperation programme in the Romania-Serbia cooperation area”.The programme area is at the centre of the European Danube Macro Region. The two partner countries include a large share of the river basin, their total surface representing 10% of the basin in Serbia and 29% in Romania. The eligible area for the programming period 2014-2020 under the Romania-Serbia IPA CBC Programme includes three counties of Romania (Timiş, Caraş-Severin and Mehedinţi) and six districts of the Republic of Serbia (Severno Banatski, Srednje Banatski, Južno Banatski, Braničevski, Borski, Podunavski).The proposed programme suggests four Priority Axes, each of one connected to one thematic priority as follows:1. Employment promotion and basic services strengthening for an inclusive growth

(thematic priority a)2. Environmental protection and risk management (thematic priority b)3. Sustainable mobility and accessibility (thematic priority c)4. Attractiveness for sustainable tourism (thematic priority d)In each of the above priorities, the proposed Romania-Serbia IPA CBC Programme suggests the specific objectives to be achieved, expected results and indicative lists actions to be supported as well as monitoring framework that includes result indicators and output indicators. SEA process has been used to propose additional actions to be taken or modifications of proposed interventions whenever opportunities for reducing their environmental risks or enhancing beneficial impacts would arise. The SEA has been conducted in a broad accordance with the EC-endorsed "Handbook on SEA for Cohesion Policy 2007-2013" which represents a primary reference material for undertaking SEA which is still valid and remains recommended for the programming process 2014-2020.The assessment has started with scoping document that suggested to focus on the following key issues of concern: Biodiversity Landscape Flooding and droughts, Water quality Soil erosion and contamination Industrial pollution events and contamination

Baseline studies have been prepared by national consultants for each of the identified environmental issues. The assessment itself consists of four levels of analysis:



Appraisal of the specific objectives of the proposed programme against targets defined in the environmental pillar of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (see Chapter 3.2)

Assessment of the likely expected impacts on the environment and of environmental policy implications for each Priority Axis (see Chapter 4.2 below)

Evaluation of the proposed monitoring system and provision of recommendations for modifications of the proposed monitoring framework (see Chapter 5)

Priority Axis 1. Employment promotion and basic services strengthening for an inclusive growth

Specific objective

Assessment of possible environmental effects and policy implications

Recommendations for envisaged results

Recommendations implementation of proposed actions

1.1 To enhance the potential of the programme area for an inclusive growth, improving availability of employment opportunities, access to the labour market and employment opportunities in the programme eligible area.

No risks to the environment expected. Positive environmental impacts can be expected if interventions address job opportunities related to smart (green) growth.

Minor indirect positive impact on public health expected since promotion of access to jobs intends to improve income and social status of population in study area

Suggest to expand the specific objective 1.1 and indented results to cover ´smart´ growth.

Consider business and job development opportunities related to smart growth - e.g. in eco-agriculture, energy saving, renewable energy (bio-gas, geo-thermal, solar, small hydro, biofuels, wind, etc.), waste management and resource reuse, etc.

1-2 To enhance the potential of the programme area for an inclusive growth, based on the improvement of quality of life to all residents on the two sides of the border through joint actions, especially for the improvement of the access of the

No significant adverse environmental impacts expected.

Positive environmental impacts can be achieved if renovations of buildings allow demonstrations of good environmental practices.

Direct positive

Supported facilities should also ideally demonstrate good environmental building practices.

Development or modernization of buildings must meet all applicable environmental requirements and should ideally demonstrate good environmental building practices - e.g. easy accessibility for



population to modern and efficient health care services, social services, services supporting the access to primary education.

impact on public health expected due to promotion of access and use of health and social services and education.

public transport, energy efficiency, sound waste collection, etc.

1.3 To enhance the potential of the programme area for an inclusive growth, Increasing cultural and social integration in the cross-border area promoting innovative services and networks, reducing the impact of constraints due to remoteness and marginalisation of border areas.

No risks to the environment expected.

Minor indirect positive impacts on public health expected due to increase of cultural and social integration in the cross-border area (marked by green colour) that may positively affect cultural determinants of heath

None None

Priority Axis 2: Environmental protection and risk management

Specific objective




2.1 Enhancing protection and sustainable use of natural resources, the improvement of capacity and the extension of actions of organisations and bodies involved in environmental protection and sustainable use of natural

Significant positive environmental impacts expected. Positive Impacts can be enhanced by maximizing synergy with interventions under environmental objectives of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR)

No adverse health impacts expected.

None Focus interventions on the following regional priority issues relevant to the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR): i.e. ecological and chemical status of water bodies, indigenous species (especially Danube



resources. Promoting cross border networks for education and studies on environmental resources.

sturgeon species), status of all species and habitats covered by EU nature legislation, invasive species.

2.2 To enhance capacity to face environmental risks, enabling cross-border interoperability and joint actions for innovative systems of environmental protection, mitigation and prevention of environmental accidents and disasters, emergency reaction, preparedness and awareness in case of environmental emergencies.

Significant positive environmental impacts expected. Positive Impacts can be enhanced by maximizing synergy with interventions under environmental objectives of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR)


None Focus interventions on the following regional priority issues relevant to the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR): source of water pollution, accidental risk, and flooding.

Priority Axis 3: Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility

Specific objective




3.1 Promote the achievement of improved and homogenous quality standard in public transport, especially in remote areas through improved sustainability and efficiency of transport

The proposed transport intervention marked may lead to adverse environmental or health impacts.

Possible impacts can be however managed through a rigorous application of environmental assessments (EIAs, SEAs, and

Consider adding a new result: ´ Joint initiatives on improvements of public transport and intermodal connections´. This result should receive priority attention.

Ensure that transport interventions undergo EIAs/SEAs (when needed) and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where applicable).When transboundary impacts may



infrastructure and mobility services within the cross-border area and the area’s integration in the main EU transport corridors.

transboundary consultations when needed) and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where relevant). The OP implementation however must ensure that such assessment are undertaken (when applicable) during preparations of specific interventions.

arise, these EIAs/SEAs should include transboundary consultations under the Espoo Convention. This IPA CBC programme is ideally positioned to deliver good example of transboundary EIAs or SEAs.

3.2 Promote the achievement of improved and homogenous quality standard in public infrastructures for basic services, especially in remote areas through improved and enlarged access to modern and efficient public utilities services (incl. Internet, energy)

On strategic level addressed by this programme, the proposed interventions do not pose significant adverse environmental or health impacts - provided that new infrastructure is subject to rigorous scrutiny through environmental assessments and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where relevant).

Infrastructural interventions marked in green are expected to have positive impacts on the environment and health.

None Ensure that infrastructural interventions undergo EIAs/SEAs (when needed) and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where applicable).

Priority Axis 4: Attractiveness for sustainable tourism

Specific objective




4.1 Developing the local tourism economy, based on the promotion of a sustainable

On strategic level addressed by this programme, the proposed interventions do not pose

Ensure that opportunities arising from eco/agri-tourisms are

Ensure that infrastructural interventions undergo EIAs/SEAs (when



cultural and recreational use of the natural and cultural heritage.Promoting growth of national and international demands for the tourism services and attractions in the eligible area, creating innovative cultural and leisure tourism attractions based on the common natural and cultural resources, improving attractiveness of networks and cross border tourism trails.

significant adverse environmental or health impacts - provided that new infrastructure is subject to rigorous scrutiny through environmental assessments and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where relevant).

Positive environmental impacts can be achieved if interventions address opportunities arising from eco/agri-tourisms.

considered. needed) and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where applicable).

Growth of the local tourism economy based on enhancement of quality of tourism services, based on a sustainable use of the natural and cultural heritage.Enhancing capacities and skills for the improvement of quality and quantity of tourism services and products in common networks and partnerships on the two sided of the border.Improving the quality and sustainability of

Interventions related to conservation natural and cultural heritage sites (marked in green) are expected are expected to have positive environmental effects.

No significant impact on environment or health expected.

None New tourist services should consider carrying capacity for sustainable use of the respective natural and cultural heritage sites and the any applicable conservation limits.



tourist infrastructure and the accessibility of the aforementioned resources

Priority Axis 5: Technical assistance

Specific objective




5.1 The aim of the priority is the promotion of an effective and efficient implementation of the Programme ensuring the effective functioning of the Programme bodies, and committeesThe efficient execution of all stages of the programme cycle and project implementation, starting from the project generation stage, the control and audit activities, the execution of programme monitoring and evaluation activities.

No significant impact None None

Based on the above recommendations made, the following modifications of the proposed monitoring framework of the programme are proposed:

Priority Axes Recommendations formulated within this SEA

Priority Axis 1. Consider adding a new output indicator



Employment promotion and basic services strengthening for an inclusive growth

PA1.OI6 ´Joint cross border actions targeting smart (green) growth opportunities´

Priority Axis 2. Environmental protection and risk management

None


Consider inclusion of new specific output indicator PA3.OI4 ´Joint initiatives on improvements of public transport and intermodal connections´


Ensure that result Indicator PA4.RI1 covers also eco/agro tourism since it is an emerging sector within tourism industry that should be monitored for possible future support in the post 2020 programming period


None

The assessment process was based on available data and has not been constrained by any difficulties. Conclusions are generic, reflecting the nature of the proposed programme. SEA was not bound by significant uncertainties.

More detailed information can be obtained in the following five chapters of the SEA Report: Chapter 1 gives an outline of the contents, main objectives of the programme and

relationship with other relevant plans and programmes. Chapter 2 presents environmental baseline and focuses on the key environmental

characteristics of areas likely to be significantly affected, the relevant aspects of the current state of the environment, and existing environmental problems which are relevant to the programme.

Chapter 3 identified relevant environmental objectives for the programme and appraised the proposed strategy pursued in the programme.

Chapter 4 presents expected environmental effects and recommendations for mitigation and enhancement measures for each of the priority exes of the proposed programme.

Chapter 5 gives recommendations concerning monitoring measures.

Additional information, if needed, can be obtained from the lead author of this report, Jiri Dusik, email: [email protected].


mailto:[email protected]


1 AN OUTLINE OF THE CONTENTS, MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN OR PROGRAMME AND RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER RELEVANT PLANS AND PROGRAMMES

1.1 The outline of the programme

This SEA Report was prepared for the Romania-Serbia IPA CBC Programme 2014 - 2020 which has been elaborated within “Technical assistance for multi-annual programming of future cross border cooperation programme in the Romania-Serbia cooperation area”.The programme area is at the centre of the European Danube Macro Region. The two partner countries include a large share of the river basin, their total surface representing 10% of the basin in Serbia and 29% in Romania. The eligible area for the programming period 2014-2020 under the Romania-Serbia IPA CBC Programme includes three counties of Romania (Timiş, Caraş-Severin and Mehedinţi) and six districts of the Republic of Serbia (Severno Banatski, Srednje Banatski, Južno Banatski, Braničevski, Borski, Podunavski). The total area is 40.596 sqkm (53,1 % in Romania/ 46,9% in Serbia).

Map 1 The eligible area of the Romania Serbia IPA CBC Programme

1.2 Objectives and areas of intervention

The proposed programme suggests four Priority Axes, each of one connected to one thematic priority as follows:



1. Employment promotion and basic services strengthening for an inclusive growth (thematic priority a)

2. Environmental protection and risk management (thematic priority b)3. Sustainable mobility and accessibility (thematic priority c)4. Attractiveness for sustainable tourism (thematic priority d)In each of the above priorities, the proposed Romania-Serbia IPA CBC Programme 2014-2020 suggests the specific objectives to be achieved, expected results and indicative actions to be supported. For purpose of strategic environmental assessment, it is also important to examine the monitoring framework for the draft programme - specifically its result indicators and output indicators.

1.3 Relationship with other relevant plans and programmesRomania-Serbia IPA CBC Programme 2014 - 2020 has important relationship to two strategic documents that address environmental protection matters related to the study area. These are: EU Strategy for Danube Region Romania EU Partnership Agreement National Plan for the Adoption of the acquis communitaire (2013-2016) of the Republic

of Serbia.

The EU Strategy for Danube Region (EUSDR)The Romania Serbia IPA CBC Programme 2014-2020 contributes to and interacts with the Macro Regional strategy that the EU has devised for the countries and regions that share common needs and objectives in the Danube Region.The EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR) provides an overall framework for parts of Central and South East Europe area aiming at fostering integration and integrative development. The Danube Region covers 14 countries (Germany, Austria, the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine. Thus, the Danube Region encompasses the entire RO-RS CBC programme area.The EU Strategy for the Danube Region was adopted in December 2010. The strategy includes four pillars (1) Connecting the Danube Region, (2) Protecting the environment in the Danube Region, (3) Building prosperity in the Danube Region and (4) Strengthening the Danube Region.

The Romania EU Partnership Agreement EU strategic Frameworks: Romania Partnership AgreementThe Romanian Partnership Agreement highlights the central role of the CBC programmes in which Romania participates in.



The Partnership Agreement emphasizes the importance of promoting the EUSDR, as macroeconomic strategies offer a new, more substantial and consistent cooperation platform that can be financed not only from dedicated funds.The planned EUSDR interventions include five different areas, namely transport (e.g.: development of bridges and port infrastructure), settlements network (e.g.: connecting Bucharest and the Danube river), environment (e.g.: protection of the Danube Delta), society (e.g.: improvement of social infrastructure) and economy (e.g.: exploiting the agricultural, energy and tourism potential of the Danube area). According to the RO Partnership Agreement, CBC programmes should also emphasize the importance of promoting employment, improving tourism and promoting cultural heritage while enhancing the connection between the communities of the border areas. Improvement of the transport and environmental system is also promoted. Romania is committed to remove the existing bottlenecks concerning the cross-border transport flows and to strengthen cooperation especially in the energy sector, in order to raise energy efficiency, decrease pollution and to widen the production, distribution and consumption of renewable energy sources.

The National Plan for the Adoption of the acquis communitaire (2103-2016) of the Republic of Serbia.According to the National plan, the Republic of Serbia is highly motivated to develop relations with immediate neighbours and countries in the region of South-East Europe, thus affirming one of the priorities of its foreign policy – improvement of regional cooperation. In the strategy of Serbia, regional cooperation, especially through regional fora and initiatives, although not replacing the process of integration to the EU, represents a central contribution to strengthening of bilateral relations with the neighbours and the states from the South - East Europe region.Republic of Serbia is actively contributing specially to the Danube Macro Region Strategy, thus assigning a special role to the CBC Programme RO–RS, for the contribution to the wider strategy, and the creation of an integrated framework for the achievement of the EUSDR objectives.

2 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE

2.1 The environmental characteristics of areas likely to be significantly affected

The geography of the study area is complex and heterogeneous. The Banat Plains extend in the North in the Serbian Districts and Timiș County. Moving to South East, transition hills between the plains and mountains lead to the centre occupied by the Southern Carpathians range, with Banat Mountains, Țarcu-Godeanu Mountains and Cernei Mountains and elevations between 600 and 2100 meters in Caraș Severin district.



The Danube flows in the South Banat plains, at the border with the Braničevski district, and it reaches the border between Romania and Serbia in the vicinity of Baziaș in Romania. In Romania, Timiș, Cerna, Caraș and Nera rivers cross the counties, some of them through spectacular valleys and gorges. Also worth to mention the Bega channel, connected to the Rhine – Danube network.Between the southern Carpathian Mountains and the north-western foothills of the Balkan Mountains, the Danube flows through the Iron Gates gorges (Iron Gates is another name of Đerdapska klisura and it is from Golubac to Simska klusura, 98 km. The Đerdap water gate is half on Romanian and half on Serbian side). The Romanian side of the gorge constitutes the Iron Gates natural park, whereas the Serbian part constitutes the Đerdap national park. In the South East is the Western end of the Southern Carpathians. In the Borski district are Veliki Krš, Mali Krš and Stol mountains, dominated by karst formations, and are collectively known as "Gornjanski kras”. In Romania are the Mehedinţi Mountains with heights of up to 1500 m. The heights decrease towards the South East, passing through the hills to a high plain to the Western end of the Romanian Plain.

2.2 The relevant aspects of the current state of the environment in the Republic of Serbia and the likely evolution thereof without implementation of the plan or programme

Biodiversity, flora, fauna

General information

It is estimated that in Serbian territory over 1000 species of flora are endangered, according to the Red list of Serbian flora (2002). Most of the endangered plants in Serbia is in the IUCN category of “rare plants”. The most endangered part in Serbia’s biodiversity considers the forest ecosystems and especially sensitive ecosystems (e.g. wetland habitats, prairie habitats, continental salt marshes, sandy terrains, mountain habitats) some of which are refugial habitats for relict and endemic species. NATURA 2000 represents the political basis of protection for EU nature and biological diversity. NATURA 2000 is not a strict system of reserves where human activity is prohibited. It includes areas with strict regime of protection, but better part of this network remains in private property where it is extremely important to ensure sustainable management for these areas both in ecologic and economic aspects. Establishment of network for protected areas represents fulfilment of requirements toward UN Convention for biological diversity. EMERALD network is European ecological network of spatial units and habitats which are of special national and international significance in the aspect of preserving biodiversity and comprised of Areas of Special



Conservation Interest (ASCI) in territory of all Convention signatory countries.By the Convention criteria for preservation of wild flora and fauna and natural habitats a list of potential EMERALD areas is made and it includes 61 areas. Overall area is 1.019.269 ha which is 11.54% of Serbian territory. Some of these areas are in districts which are being studied in this programme.

Likely future trendsThe systems of natural and semi-natural areas, the ecological corridors and surrounding areas form a coherent ecological network system. The EU 2020 Biodiversity Strategy sets out specific targets for ecosystem services, maintenance and re-establishment of spatial planning and the integration of green infrastructure.The main risk factor is human intervention, but it is also important to prepare against certain natural influences. The natural and cultural values are mainly endangered by intensive agriculture, illegal material gain, and infestation by invasive species. Constructive co-operation between different authorities and more effective involving of different stakeholders (farmers, authorities, municipalities, NGOs, and academic institutions) is necessary.It is essential to rehabilitate the degraded habitats, growing areas with the involvement of farmers as much as possible. In the future, special attention should be paid to climate change on habitats and living communities, and the rehabilitation and reconstruction tasks as well.

Landscape There are several objects with important landscape values in the designated districts, and should be therefore taken into consideration.

National Park Đerdap A blend of time and nature on land and water, the largest national park in Serbia, Djerdap National Park, is located in north-eastern Serbia, on the border with Romania. Spanning 637.99 square kilometers along 100 km of the Danube’s right bank, from Golubac to Karataš near Kladovo, the National Park comprises zones with various protection regimes for natural objects, cultural monuments, fauna and relict plant species, which illustrate the development of vegetation series from times immemorial until the present day. The first level of protection comprises 8.83% ie. 56.33 km2 territory of the Park, the second degree comprises 21.03% ie. 134.15 km2, and finally, the third level comprises 70.14% i.e. 447.51 km2. Djerdap National Park is often called ‘river national park’ because the Danube makes up a significant portion of the Park. The miraculous Iron Gate, the largest and longest water breakthrough in Europe, is also a



natural botanical garden and the biggest European archaeological open-air museum.

Deliblato Sands Special Nature ReserveDeliblato sands Area/ Deliblatska Pescara/ is the Special Nature Reserve located in southern part of Banat, 50 km from Belgrade, 40 km from Romania border between the Danube river and the western Carphatian slopes. The Deliblato Sands is a geo-morphological formation of eolian origin of exceptional specific beauty and multiple scientific importance, created during the Ice age by vast quantities of eolian silicate and carbonate sands. Deliblato Sands is of diluvial origin and makes the largest European continental sands area. Deliblato Sands Nature Reserve is the largest oasis of sand, steppe, forest and wetland vegetation on the Pannonian Plain. Sand that spread all over the vast Pannonian Plain caused great problems in the past. Deliberate planting of numerous trees began during the reign of Queen Maria Theresa that contributed to rich vegetation in present time. Deliblato Sands covers the total size of 33.610 ha. This wide and unique European natural phenomenon is characterized mostly by ellipsoid-shaped sand masses up to 15 km in length. There individual sand dunes reach length of 750 meters and heights near 60 meters. Deliblato sands area is the only sandy terrain in Europe originated from the Pannonian Sea withdrawals 35 km long and wide 9-12 kilometres. Due to its marvellous forest and unspoiled surroundings, it was proclaimed to be the Special Nature Reserve. Deliblato Sands Area attract nature-lovers, eco-researches, fishermen and hunters. Within the borders of The Special Nature Reservation of Deliblato Sands there are 2 strict and 16 genetical reserves and 6 natural monuments. Due to specific natural and climatic conditions, although it is at the altitude of only 200 m, Deliblato sands has a climate similar to the mountain. Deliblatska peščara is poorly populated, with few villages, mostly on the outskirts of the reserve.Deliblato Sands Area is known as "The European Sahara". It is natural habitat of numerous herbs and animal species, specially rare birds and game. Deliblato Sands Area is on UNESCO tentative list of Protected Natural Heritage.

Special Nature Reserve Meadows of Great Bustard – MokrinCategory IV in IUCN classification, Habitat and Species Management Area. Located in Northern Banat in the area of Kikinda and Čoka Municipalities covering the space of 979 ha. Habitat for natural rarity Great Bustard (Otis Tarda), one of the most endangered bird species in Europe and world. This is the only remaining habitat for this species in Serbia and former Yugoslavia. It also has a mosaic complex of plant communities, both specific for some localities and typical Pannonian phytocoenosis or for the region of Northern Banat as a whole. Most diverse type of vegetation is salt marsh vegetation. Also specific and rare flora (Pannonian endemic and subendemic species and other rare species). Specific insect, amphibian, reptilian, bird and mammal fauna with a high degree of diversity and also



other nature rarities (2/3 of birds have natural rarity status). The current state indicates an increase in population of Great Bustard. Level II protection, and has two separate zones, A and B.

Special Nature Reserve Slano Kopovo – Novi BečejIn the year 2001, 976 hectares of “Slano Kopovo”, a special nature reserve, was declared by the Serbian Government as a natural value of the utmost significance, rated first category. The Association of Huntsmen from Novi Becej has been nominated as its official trustee. Slano Kopovo represents one of the last preserved salt land marshes in Vojvodina. In the past, the river Tisa used to change its course frequently, flooding the nearby plains, so “Slano Kopovo” is one of the ancient meanders of the river Tisa. Slano Kopovo is an immeasurable center of the biological diversity of the flora and fauna on the territory of Vojvodina as well as an example of salty habitats at the verge of complete disappearance. It is one of the most important and most particular bird habitats in Serbia, as well as in the middle Europe. Slano Kopovo is the nesting place for a number of rare and endangered species of birds, but even more important is its significance as an en route station for birds in migration from many parts of Europe and from west Siberia. Slano Kopovo is a very special place for birds such as cranes, snipes, herons, ducks and geese. During the migration period in the spring and in the autumn, here in Slano Kopovo over 15000 grey cranes (Grus grus), over 20 000 different species of ducks, and over 5000 geese can gather in just one moment.

Special Nature reserve “Stari Begej –Carska bara“Special Nature reserve “Stari Begej –Carska bara“ is located on the alluvial plain of the Rivers Begej and Tisa close to the road directions connected with Zrenjanin, Belgrade, Novi Sad etc. This is the complex of 1,676 ha consisting of the river bed of the River Begej, Carska bara (Imperial Marsh), Tiganjica, Zegmenjica, Mala bara (Small Marsh), Perleska bara and neighbouring bogland.Being the nature reserve Carska Bara is the habitat for 240 rare species of birds, out of which 130 are non-migratory and 110 migratory. Therefore this nature reserve is one of the most important stations in Europe. Due to its natural resources it is included in the list of the Ramsar, IBA and IPA region.As it is one of the most important resting places on the migration route of migratory birds, some species stay only ten days, and some like the Siberian wild geese, abide there during winters (hibernate). All of eight species of herons built their nests in Carska bara, so the heron has become a trademark of the reserve. Within the rich and varied bird colony, there are other types, such as the pelican, coot, white-tailed eagle, hen harries and western marsh harriers, cormorant, Eurasian Sparrow hawk and others.



In the mosaic disposition of forest, meadow, prairie and wetland vegetation some rare and protected plant species such as white and yellow water lilies, plum thistles, wild flowers, water chestnut Loose-Flowered Orchid etc, have found their habitat.

Natural monument Lazarev kanjonLazarev Kanjon (‘Lazar’s Canyon’) is in eastern Serbia and is part of eastern Kučaj. Lazarev Kanjon is important for its relief, its water-formed features and its natural life. It was formed by the erosive action of the Lazareva Reka river, a right tributary of the Zlotska Reka river. This magnificent canyon is carved into the limestone of the Dubašnička Ravan, and is joined by the shallower, smaller canyons of the Milujska Reka and Pojenska Reka rivers, as well as by the Demizloka canyon.Lazarev Kanjon is one of the least negotiable canyons in Serbia. It is 4.5 km long, 350 to 500 m deep, and at its narrowest is 4 m wide. It is notable for its vertical limestone cliffs with a flattened limestone plateau from which the carving of the valley began. It is also unique for its variety of surface and underground karst relief forms such as karst valleys, sinkholes, karren, kamenica, caves and caverns. More than 70 caves and potholes have been discovered in the area of Lazarev Kanjon, the most significant being Lazareva Pećina and Vernjikica. The area is also of interest for its variety of forms of surface and subterranean waters.The flora of this region is some 50% more diverse than the flora of the national parks of Kopaonik, Šara and Djerdap, and as much as 5 times more diverse than the flora of Serbia as a whole, which is an indication of its significance as a centre of floral diversity in the Balkans. The plant life is characterised by numerous and varied endemic and subendemic plants, as well as by the presence of 52 relict plant species dating back to various geological eras.Lazarev Kanjon is a region populated by Italian and Turkish oak, together with oriental hornbeam, an overall a total of 16 tree and 10 plant communities have been recorded. The territory of the Lazareva Pećina cave is home to 57 tall and short tree species and 27 shrub species. This is a major centre of European deciduous tree species and a rare refuge of the Stankewicz pine. Also very important are the Austrian black pine woods on the canyon cliff-edges and the beech and pine woodlands.The canyon is home to 35 species of mammal (bats, chamois and others), 96 bird species (Golden Eagle, Peregrine Falcon, Eagle Owl, Tawny Owl, Wallcreeper, Yellow-billed Chough, Common Kingfisher, Syrian Woodpecker, Red-rumped Swallow and others), 9 reptile species, 8 amphibian species and numerous, as yet insufficiently studied species of insect and cave fauna.

Nature Park Vršačke planine

Vršačke planine (RO: Munţii Vârşeţ, also known as Vršački Breg, rum.http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumunski_jezik Dealurile Vârşeţului) are


http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumunski_jezik


located in the middle of Pannonian Plane in southwestern part of Banat. They cover a space of 170 square kilometres, of which 122 are in Serbia and 48 square kilometres belong to Romania. Due to its unique location, diversity in flora and vegetation, rich forest ecosystems, beautiful landscapes and viewpoints, the better part of the forest area in these mountains, covering 4.177 ha, was protected in 1982 as Nature Park. In the period between 2001 and 2005, a study about revision of protection was made. In December 2005 Municipality of Vršac made a decision about protecting the landscape of exceptional characteristics Vršačke planine in the area of 4.408 ha, of which 190 ha is under first level of protection.

The main goal of nature protection in this category is pointed at preserving and improving this protected space for local population recreation needs and tourism. For these reasons it should be known that the established protection in Vršačke planine does not pose a limitation to development of recreational and touristic potential, on the contrary it should help improving and organizing the ecosystem.

Water qualityGeneral information

On the basis of the multiannual monitoring, concentrations of BP5K parameters show that ammonium ion, nitrates and orthophosphates are within allowed amounts for class I and II, which is equivalent to excellent and good ecological status.In the last fourteen years the worst quality was in the waters of Vojvodina`s rivers and canals. Expressed with indicator Serbian Water Quality Index, compared to the total number of samples from all watersheds, the result is very bad in as much as 83% of the samples from Vojvodina`s territory. Poor condition of water quality in this watershed is further accompanied by the information that even 45% of samples are in categories bad and very bad.Based on the analyses of biological quality of watercourses with the saprobity index method, in 70% of measuring stations satisfactory status is achieved (excellent and good) while in 30% of measuring stations status is not satisfactory (moderate and low). It is important that during this research no water bodies with poor status were identified. Quality of underground waters close to big rivers Today, underground waters are supplying 65% of water needs for households and industries in Republic of Serbia, and in Vojvodina this is the only way of water supplying. According to the available statistical data about exploitation of underground waters for the public water supplying and estimate of the amounts for the rural population, today in Serbia about 600 million m3 of underground water is being used.



Total capacities of existing underground water sources in Serbia are about 670 million m3 per year, and estimated potential amount of underground waters until 2021 is 1.948 million m3 per year. In relation to the existing capacities, today is used 90% of exploitable capacities from existing sources, while in relation to the estimated potential amounts 31% could be used.Existing databases are not reliable enough for estimating the impact of today`s and future exploitation on the change of quality and quantity of underground waters in Serbia. Generally speaking the monitoring programme is unsuitable in relation to the scope and content of today`s condition of endangered quality of underground waters, especially because of the influence of polluted watercourses, urban-industrial agglomerations and the influence of agrotechical measures in agricultural areas.

Water pollution Untreated municipal and industrial waste waters are still the greatest source of pollution.The response of pollutants is still unsatisfactory for fulfilment of their legal obligations and reporting about emissions in waters.

Likely Future trends

There is a need for the modernisation of livestock farms, transformation of machinery stock and fuel storage facilities, adequate management of liquid manure and agricultural wastes, outer and inner integrated establishment and maintenance of drainage. The interventions providing the achievement of good ecological state of waters by adequately selected agrotechnological operations should be preferentially supported. Stopping of further increase in nitrate concentration of groundwaters can be ensured by the compliance and enforcement of nitrate sensitive areas regulation.The risk of groundwater pollution and the degree of pollution can be reduced by following measures: change in land use, afforestation, establishment of wetland habitats and fish ponds, establishment of rational and integrated surface water management, Natura 2000 grants, organic farming, modernisation of livestock farms, spreading of extensive animal management, modernisation of machinery stock and fuel storage facilities, adequate management of liquid manures and agricultural wastes, prevention of the development of stagnant waters. Appropriate risk management of water acquisition and distribution is also an important part. The lack of maintenance of water supply systems leads to microbiological and/ or chemical contamination. Lack of reconstruction of water utilities jeopardizes the safety of the service as well.



Soil erosion and contaminationGeneral information On the territory of Republic of Serbia different forms of erosion dynamic processes can be found (landslides, landfalls, screes, erosions…). Besides the natural factors which are causing these processes, inadequate usage of terrain also contributes to the making, development and intensifying of these processes.Terrain instability, with occurring landslides, landfalls, screes and collapsing of riverbed banks vary in dimension and activity, is present in about 25 – 30% of Serbian territory. In relation to the total Serbian territory landslides take 20 – 25%. Also, occurring terrain instabilities are present in river valleys and in unsecured slopes in road zones. Screes are found in about 5 – 10% of Serbian territory.Landslides are mostly 5-10 m deep, in which also appear smaller secondary, active landslides with acute cinematic status. In connected petrified rocks, landslides are limited to decomposed rocky mass and deluvial zone, while in neogenic rock complex they are deeper (often ever 10m). Deepest landslides formed in Danube and Sava coastal area.Landfalls are mostly found in canyon valleys, broken rock masses, mostly limestone and serpentinite, endangering roads and watercourses causing barriers to form.Screes are mostly occurring on higher slopes predominantly in limestone terrains and usually outside of settlements (mountain terrains of eastern and western parts of Serbia).Erosion activities on slopes are present in terrains comprised of unbound, weak bounded and degraded rock masses. Combined with torrential flows, wherein in times of snow melts and intensive precipitation, their activity is intensified.Fluvial erosion with collapsing of river bed banks and terrain flooding are present on the banks and in immediate zones of constant watercourses, and are caused by abundant precipitation, snow melting and by development of slope erosion and torrential activities in upper and middle parts of the watershed in highlands and mountain regions.Intensive river bed carving and collapsing of banks in river valleys can cause landslides in unstable and relatively stable slopes. Collapsing of river banks is present in unregulated parts of river beds, mostly outside of urban areas, where the agricultural areas are predominantly endangered. Also there are unregulated or insufficiently regulated banks in urban areas.Based on the data of Republic Institute of Statistics in 2012, 6296 km2 of soil in Serbia eroded, while 374 km2 was stabilized. Eroded soil is a soil which was completely or partially deprived of its fertile layer and vegetation, so its capacity for plant production is significantly decreased or disabled. On stabilized soil there is no more washouts, landfalls and carrying of new deposit material.



Likely future trends

The overall condition of soils is favourable, but the agriculture-affected areas are endangered by functionality reducing, fertility degradation (e.g., erosion, wind erosion, loss of organic material set) risks. Degradation processes occur due to improper land use, resulting increasing costs of agricultural production, ecological/water balance (increasing drought sensitivity) circles break-up, build-up of hazardous substances (food safety), and water, drinking water contamination. Implementation of integrated nutrient management practices plays an important role in sustainable land use. The expansion of infrastructure, industry and settlements leads to significant land permanently withdraw from agricultural production and long-term soil sealing.

Climate change, Droughts and FloodingAccording to data trend over the last 35 years an increase of yearly air temperature by 1°C is noted on Serbian territory in the last 100 years. Shorter periods have greater positive values which means that the increase of temperature at yearly level has intensified over the last couple of decades. Although there are periods with positive and negative trends, since 1982 negative trends ceased and only an increase in temperatures was noted and it lasts still today.Besides the increase in temperature, over the last 50 years also was noted a 10% decrease of precipitation from its normal values. Negative trends of yearly sum of precipitation coincide with the positive temperature change trends.Estimates for Serbia are that by the end of this century an increase in temperature even by 4°C can be expected. Compared to the temperature changes, where in all of Europe an increase is expected, future trend for precipitation is somewhat more complex. Estimates are that certainly there will be a decrease during the summer periods in Mediterranean, so also for Serbia a future decrease of 20% for the summer is expected.These climate changes certainly are contributing to more frequent droughts and also higher probability for flooding events due to the complex and changed interaction of climate elements. A testament to that are unprecedented floods that happened this year and did vast damages to Serbia, and also some recent dry years occurred. The North-Eastern part of the country however was not endangered in recent flooding events, but in 2009 after snow melts flooding took place also in Borski district, and several rivers were overflowing.

2.3 The relevant aspects of the current state of the environment in Romania and the likely evolution thereof without implementation of the plan or programme



Biodiversity

Flora, fauna

Romania’s biodiversity is one of the most remarkable in Europe. As a consequence of its geographical position, Romania enjoys the existence of a unique biodiversity, both at the level of the ecosystems and species but also at genetic level. Due to its greatly diverse habitats, Romania has a very rich fauna hosting 105 mammal species, 19 amphibian species, 25 reptile species, 216 fish species, 410 birds’ species.On Romanian territory no less than 5 bio-geographical regions are joined, as shown in the figure bellow. Three of these – panonic, alpin and continental – are represented on the programme’s eligible territory.

Map 2 Bio-geographical regions of Romania

Flora and fauna in each Romanian county from the eligible area

The flora and fauna have specific and diverse features according to the climate and relief forms. The southern elements have a great effect on Mehedinti on the Romanian side. Several Mediterranean plants and animal species are present in the programme area such as fig tree, almond, and horned viper. There are also several species of scorpion, lizard, and newt in the Romanian side of the cross-border area. Some species of the Mediterranean flora have spread in the Danube gorge, i.e., Oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis), Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna).



The forests cover a significant part of the territory, thus the sustainable management of forests is a crucial issue. Forests are very important for the erosion protection of agriculture lands, as well as for the biodiversity conservation. At counties’ level, the biodiversity is characterised through a great diversity of types of natural habitats as well as species of flora and fauna, as follows.

Mehedinti CountyIn Mehedinti County the research conducted to date indicates that the county has great floristic diversity, over 4000 taxa, belonging to the phylums: Phycophyta, Lychenophyt, Fungi, Bryophyta, Cormophyta. Endemic species are around 28 in the Iron Gates Natural Park and 23 in Domogled-Cerna Valley National Park. A large number of plant species are rare, endangered and endemic, whose area is only in the Iron Gates Natural Park, thus requiring special measures of protection. These include: Stipa danubialis, Iron Gates apiaceae (Prangos carinata), Rhodope tulip (Tulipa hungarica), bluebell (Campanula crassipes) etc. Habitats encountered within Mehedinti are meadows and scrubland, forest, rocky, caves and wetland. Status of wild flora and fauna is directly linked to the state of natural habitats, by the impact caused by the action of other environmental factors. The research conducted so far on the fauna of the Mehedinti has revealed a great diversity of species of vertebrates and invertebrates. Among vertebrate animals the situation so far is as follows: Pisces Class, Amphibians Class, Birds Class, Mammals class. Avifauna consists of a large number of species of birds, mostly concentrated in Iron Gates Natural Park and two wetlands in the county. The great number of species present is due to the variety of biotopes in this area, on a small area a large number of species can be found, which is rare in our country.

Caras-Severin CountyOn Caras-Severin county territory, 62 habitats of national interest and a number of 51 habitats of community interest were identified, of which 13 priority habitats in Europe; 218 plant species of national interest and 18 plant species of Community interest. Following research conducted in the area of the Nera Beuşniţa National Park, 1086 species of superior plants, including 108 rare species and 13 endemic species, were found. Domogled-Cerna Valley National Park is characterized by a remarkable floristic diversity, the rich floristic inventory totaling about 1110 species of vascular plants (superior) of which 66 species (belonging to 23 families) are endangered taxa, rare and partly endemic. In Semenic-Carasului Gorges National Park, inferior plants are represented by a number of 270 taxa belonging to micophytes and 18 taxa belonging to the group of lichens. The best investigated is the Cormophyta group, represented by a total of 1277 species, from different



biotopes. The whole flora of Iron Gates Natural Park is represented by all five phyla of the plant kingdom, as follows: Phycophyta, 71 families, 171 genres and 549 species; Lychenophyta with 34 families, 67 genres and 375 species; Fungi, 48 families, 252 genres and 1077 species; Bryophita, 31 families, 98 genres and 296 species; Cormophyta with 67 orders with 114 families, 540 genres, 1395 species, 272 subspecies and 5 varieties. Under the proposed management plans of national parks and nature park as well as the Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development Order no. 1964/2007 , the wildlife that can be found in the county of Caras- Severin consists of a total of 230 species of national and 70 species of Community interest identified so far. Fauna of the Iron Gates Natural Park consists of 5205 taxa, including 4873 invertebrates and 332 vertebrates. Among vertebrates, Aves class has a high presence, with 205 representatives, followed by the class Pisces, with 63 representatives, the least represented class is Amfibia, with only 12 taxa. In Nera- Beusnitei Gorges National Park, a number of invertebrate 1,890 taxa and 124 taxa of the vertebrates were identified. Domogled-Cerna Valley National Park is the area with the highest biodiversity of Lepidoptera, nearly 1,500 species of butterflies (1463) can be found here, 45% of the Lepidoptera fauna of the country is concentrated here. Through the variety, richness and originality, fauna of this land with a unique climate has a great importance and also for many species it represents the northern limit of the area of distribution. The diversity of elements is primarily due to the variety of habitats which led to the existence of many species and even low plain steppe, water meadows, and numerous elements characteristic to hilly, karst and mountainous regions. In the Anina Mountains researches showed that this area is a refuge during glaciations that allowed survival of tertiary species as: Amphimellania holandri - among invertebrates and Cobitis elongata - of vertebrates. The invertebrate fauna is dominated by beetles and opilionide, followed by springtails, arahnee, chilopods, isopods, Orthoptera, formicide, gastropods, dipterous larvae etc. Some gastropods as: Carpathica langi, Zenobiella umbrosa are endemic and of plecoptere some are considered Carpathian endemic: Nemoura carpathica, Chloroperla kisi. Among invertebrates 17 species of community interest including 9 priority were identified, such as: Rosalia alpina, Cerambix cerdo, Carabus variolus, Lucanus cervus, Oxyporus mannerheimii, Pilemia tigrina, Theodoxus transversalis, Buprestis splendens, Callimorpha quadripunctaria. The pronounced continental climate with Mediterranean influences favored especially in the Danube wetlands and Balta Nera wetland and Islands Ostrov and Randall wetlands, Divici Pojejena – life of many birds with many southern and western Asian elements. This area is one of the few areas in the country where species diversity of rare items can be observed and where, on a small area such a large number of species of birds can be seen: winter visitors, summer visitors, passage species and sedentary species. Some of the birds’ inventories are of community interest or are included in the Wetlands Convention and other international treaties to which Romania is a party. Among the bird species protected under the provisions of Directive 2009/147/EC of 30 November 2009 on the



conservation of wild birds, we mention: Anas querquedula, Ciconia ciconia, Egretta garzetta, Ardea purpurea, Falco Naumanni Phalacrocorax pygmaeus. These birds are subject to the protection and preservation regime established in the special avifauna conservation areas: Ostrov Moldova Veche wetland, Ostrov-Calinovat wetland, Pojejena Divici wetland and Balta Nera wetland. These areas are included in the SPA Natura 2000 site proposal. Ichthyofauna is represented by species: Zingel streber, Zingel zingel. Fauna reptiles - is represented by thermophilic elements, many of which are rare but vulnerable such as Lacerta muralis, Testudo hermanni, Vipera ammodytes ammodytes, Emys orbicularis. Mammals are mainly represented by 10 species common in general to all mountain chains in our country and many other species that live only in the south - west of the country. Fauna species present in our county and protected at European level: Canis lupus (wolf), Ursus arctos (brown bear), Aquila chrysaetos (golden eagle), Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (great horseshoe bat), Myotis capaccinii (long fingered bat), Cobitis elongata (Balkan Loach), Callimorpha quadripunctaria (striped butterfly).

Timis CountyIn Timis County, the ocean climate influences and climatic differences between lowland and mountain relief imposed by altitude of the landscape, resulted in a large number of habitats. Another factor that causes large variety of habitats is represented by the chemical composition of the rocks in the substrate (soil, subsoil). The natural vegetation of Timis county is characterized by small-scale forest-steppe plant and by a high frequency of hydro and hydrophilic species in the lowlands and plains with excess moisture. The eastern part of the county, occupied by Poiana Rusca Mountain, is covered from the point of view of forest vegetation, with forests of oak, beech forest, mixed with hornbeam, and on the upper slopes of the mountain we find forests of spruce mixed with fir, sporadically with pine. Timis county hosts last archaic mire in the western part of the country - Satchinez Marshes Reservations, which allowed the conservation of wild birds, protected by European and national legislation. The reservation contains a mixed colony where protected species are nesting in: Ardea purpurea - red heron, Ardeola ralloides – squaco heron, Nycticorax nycticorax - Night Heron, Botaurus stellaris – great bittern, Ixobrychus minutus – little bittern, Egretta alba - Great Egret, Egretta garzetta - little egret. In Muran Marshes Reservation protected area a significant number of bird species strictly protected by international conventions were identified. Protected area is limited to the eastern part by the Pişchia forest, whose protection is needed because many species of birds of prey that feed on within the reservation have the forest as a place of refuge and/or nesting. Of these species, we mention the following : Haliaetus albicilla - White-tailed , Pandion haliaetus – fish hawk, Falco subbuteo - hobby, Falco tinnunculus – common kestrel, Falco vespertinus - Red-footed Falcon, Falco columbarius - Winter falcon, Falco peregrinus - peregrine falcon,



Pernis apivorus - Honey Buzzard, Milvus migrans - black kite, Milvus Milvus - red kite, Circaetus gallicus - toed eagle, Aquila heliaca - Imperial Eagle, Aquila pomarina - Lesser Spotted Eagle, Buteo buteo - common buzzard, Buteo lagopus – rough legged buzzard, Accipiter nisus – northern sparrowhawk, Accipiter gentilis - northern goshawk . In Timis county, habitats of community interest were identified, habitats described in the standard formulations of Natura 2000 sites, as follows: sweet water habitats, habitats of humid meadows and communities of high semi-natural hays, habitats of mesophyll meadows, habitats of continental halophilic and gypsophilia steppe, habitats common to the temperate broadleaf forest, habitats common to Mediterranean broadleaf forests and habitat common to temperate bushes, meadows habitats and panonic and ponto-sarmatic salty marshes habitats, Balkan-panonic forests habitats of quercus cerris and sessile, sub-panonic steppe meadows habitats. Also, in Timiş County the following types of habitats of national interest (corresponding to the Natura 2000 described or whose presence was specified in the county "Habitats from Romania") were identified: habitats of marshes, shrubbery steppes and halophilic forests, freshwater stagnant water habitats, habitat of saline and brackish water bodies, habitats of temperate heaths and thickets, habitats of meadows and tall herb communities (weeds), mesophilic grassland habitats, habitat of temperate deciduous forest with falling leaves, habitats of meadow forests and bushes, marshes habitats and habitats characteristic to water edges vegetation. There are species of flora and fauna in Timis county characteristic to plains, wetlands, forest areas, natural grasslands. Among the species of flora identified and with ecological significance we mention: Ophioglosum vulgatum – snake’s tongue, Pteridium aquilinium - Field fern, Asplenium ruta-muraria - rust, Dryopteris filix-mas - fern, Salvinia natans – floating fern, Alnus glutinosa – black alder, Quercus cerris – Turkey oak etc. Among the species of flora for which national botanical reservations have been declared in the county: Frittilaria meleagris - variegated tulip, Narcissus stellaris subsp poeticus - daffodil, Stipa capillata – perennial bunchgrass, Agropyron cristatum – crested grass. The plant species of Community interest identified are: Salvinia natans – floating fern and Trapa natans – water caltrop. These species were identified in Satchinez Marshes protected area.

The Timiş County avifauna is represented by many species of which: Ardea cinerea - gray heron, Ardeola ralloides - yellow heron, Nycticorax nycticorax - Night Heron, Botaurus stellaris - bittern pond, Ardea purpurea - red heron, Ixobrychus minutus – little bittern, Egretta alba – large egret, Egretta garzetta - little egret, Ardea purpurea - red heron, Podiceps cristatus – great crested grebe, Podiceps nigricollis - Black-necked grebe, Phalacrocorax pygmeus - pygmy cormorant, Anas querquedula - garganey, Anas strepera – gadwall, Aythya ferina – common pochard, Aythya nyroca - ferruginous duck, Anas crecca – common teal, Anas clypeata - Northern Shoveler, Anas penelope - widgeon, Circus aeruginosus - Western marsh-



harrier, Circus cyaneus - Northern harrier, Falco subbuteo - hobby, Falco vespertinus - red-footed Falcon, Falco tinnunculus - kestrel, Buteo buteo - common buzzard, Buteo lagopus – rough legged buzzard, Accipiter nisus – northern sparrowhawk, Accipiter gentilis - northern goshawk, Perdix perdix - partridge etc.

Ichthyofauna of Timis County is represented by the species: Aspius aspius (asp), Zingel zingel (common zingel), Gymnocephalus baloni (Balon’s ruffe), Gobio albipinnatus (white fin gudgeon), Rhodeus sericeus amarus (amur bilterling), Misgurnus fossilis (eel), Sabajewia aurata (golden loach), Cobitis taenia (spined loach), Zingel streber (streber), Gobio Kessleri (Kessler’s gudgeon). Among the species of amphibians and reptiles: Bombina Bombina (fire bellied toad), Emys orbicularis (pond turtle), Salamandra salamandra (salamander), Triturus dobrogicus (Danube crested newt). Invertebrate species: Carabus hungaricus, Lycaena disappear, Gortyna borelii lunata, Arytrura musculus. Strictly protected fauna species present in the Timis County are: Lynx lynx - lynx, Ursus arctos - Brown bear, Lupus canis - Wolf and Felis silvestris - Wild cat.P rotected natural areas

In order to ensure special measures of protection and preservation in sit of natural heritage, in Romania were designated the following categories of protected areas:

a) international interest: natural sites of world heritage, geoparks, wetlands of international importance, biosphere reserves; b) community interest or 'Natura 2000' sites: Sites of Community Importance, special areas of conservation, Special Protection Areas (according to the Directive 2009/147); c) national interest: scientific reserves, national parks, natural monuments, nature reserves, natural parks; d) county or local interest: set only on public / private-administrative units, where it is appropriate. Further, the protected natural areas of international and community interest (a & b) are presented.

a) Protected natural areas of international interest

Biosphere Reserves

Retezat National Park, being also the Biosphere Reserve, is included in the international network of biosphere reserves by UNESCO Committee "Man and Biosphere" (1979) it is located in the western part of Romania (the oldest national park in Romania, thus stated by law in 1935). This park is for conservation of the beauty of these mountains and of endemic flora from here. Altitudes range from 794m to 2.509m.

The ore of reservation is glacial cirque of Bucurei, which was established in 1955, a scientific area (integral reserve) where grazing, fishing, hunting and logging are prohibited.



Retezat Park is famous for its floral diversity, hosting nearly 1,190 species of superior plants of over 3,450 known in Romania. Fauna is represented by stag, deer, chamois, marmots, wild boar, bear, marten, wildcat, capercaillie, hazel grouse, gray eagle, golden eagle. In limestone areas viper can be found. Trout inhabit lakes and rivers. Research on flora, vegetation, agro-pastoral and hunting fauna is being done in the park.

Ramsar Sites

Iron Gates Natural Park correspond to the V IUCN Category : "Protected landscape: protected area managed mainly for landscape conservation and recreation." Two Special Protected Areas were declared on the Iron Gates Natural Park, as part of the European ecological network NATURA 2000 in Romania, namely: - ROSPA0026, Danube-Baziaş-Iron Gates course, covering 10124.4ha; - ROSPA0080, Almaj Mountains-Locvei, covering 118141.6ha. It was also declared as Site of Community Importance, ROSCI0206 Iron Gate, integrated part of the European ecological network NATURA 2000 in the area of 124,293.0 ha. Iron Gates Natural Park is characterized by a luxuriant biodiversity, which made this protected area to be recognized both nationally and internationally. The climate, soil, petrography, geomorphology, Danube influence on them, and also the social context created unique places that have preserved over the centuries specific features of habitats. On 18 January 2011 the park was included in the list of wetlands of international importance; it was declared a Ramsar site.

Mures Floodplain Natural Park

Mures Floodplain, 17.166ha area is located in the west, in the territories of Arad and Timis, it is a typical wetland ecosystem of great diversity, with rivers and lakes, forests (peduculant oak, ash), willow galleries and poplar trees, groves and plains traces. There are areas where herbaceous meet rare or endangered (chaff), a rather large part of the "Red List of superior plants from Romania" as vulnerable species: Stratiotes aloides, najas minor, Peucedanum officinale, Platanthera bifolia, Rumex aquaticus, Trapa natans). Ichthyofauna is characterized by great diversity: Ballerus sapa, Vimba vimba, Carassius carassius, Silurus glanis, Aspro streber streber, that exist only here, in Mures. All 6 reptile species and nine amphibian species have been identified so far, they are protected species, internationally too. A total of 200 bird species finds Mures Floodplain Natural Park and nesting place and of passage, almost all are listed in Annexes of the Bern Convention as protected species: Aquila pomarina, Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, Nycticorax nycticorax, and large herks of Ardea cinerea, larus ridibundus, ixobrychus minutus, Tachybaptus ruficolis, Merops apiaster the largest colony of swifts shore of the whole course of the river. Otter is distinguished among mammals, and a large number of than Carpathian stag, roe, roe deer, wild boar.



b) Protected natural areas of community interest

On the European Union is made coherent European ecological network of special areas of conservation under the "NATURA 2000" which includes Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and Special Protection Areas (SPA). This network of sites will ensure the maintenance and, where appropriate, restoration of the natural habitat types and habitats of species in a favorable conservation status, their distribution across natural areas. As a Member State of the European Union, Romania has the obligation to help ensure biodiversity in the European Union through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora.

Sites of Community importance

In Timis County are five sites of community importance: ROSCI0064 Defileul Mureşului Inferior; ROSCI0108 Lunca Mureşului Inferior; ROSCI0109 Lunca Timişului; ROSCI0115 Mlaştina Satchinez; ROSCI0250 Ţinutul Pădurenilor. In Caras-Severin are 15 sites of community importance: ROSCI0031 Nerei Keys – Beuşniţa; ROSCI0226 Semenic – Caraşului Keys; ROSCI0069 Domogled - Cernei Valley; ROSCI0206 Porţile de Fier; ROSCI0217 Retezat; ROSCI0052 Dăncioanea; ROSCI0219 Rusca Montană; ROSCI0032 Rudăriei Keys; ROSCI0126 Ţarcu Mountains; ROSCI0284 Teregovei Keys; ROSCI0292 Corridor Rusca Montana - Ţarcu – Retezat; ROSCI0361 Caraş River; ROSCI0375 Nera River between Bozovici şi Moceriş; ROSCI0385 Timis River between Rusca şi Prisaca; ROSCI0355 Podişul Lipovei - Poiana Ruscă.

In Mehedinti are five sites of community importance: ROSCI0045 Coridorul Jiului; ROSCI0069 Domogled—Valea Cernei; ROSCI0173 Stârmina Forest; ROSCI0198 Mehedinţi Plateau; ROSCI0206 Iron Gates.

Special Protection Areas

Timis County are six avifaunistica special protection areas: ROSPA0047 Hunedoara Timişană; ROSPA0069 Lunca Mureşului Inferior; ROSPA0078 Mlaştina Satchinez; ROSPA0079 Mlaştinile Murani; ROSPA0095 Pădurea Macedonia; ROSPA0029 Defileul Mureşului Inferior si Dealurile Lipovei. In Caras-Severin are 7 avifaunistica special protection areas: ROSPA0020 Nerei Keys – Beuşniţa; ROSPA0086 Semenic Mountains - Caraşului Keys; ROSPA0035 Domogled – Cernei Valley; ROSPA0080 Almăjului Locvei Mountains; ROSPA0084 Retezat Mountains; ROSPA0026 Danube- Baziaş – Iron Gates; ROSPA0149 Depresiunea Bozovici

In Mehedinti are 5 avifaunistica special protection areas: ROSPA0011 Blahniţa; ROSPA0026 course Baziaş-Danube-Iron Gate; ROSPA0035 Domogled-Valley; Gruia-Gârla ROSPA0046 Mare; ROSPA0080 Almaj-Locvei.



Expected trends - challenges and control measures

Challenges

Biological diversity is in a continuous threat due to increased economic activities exert pressures on the environment.

Major consequences on biodiversity are found in a number of significant changes in the qualitative and quantitative structure and functioning of ecosystems. From the perspective of principles and objectives of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity components, the main relevant consequences are:

- an active process of erosion of biological diversity is expressed by the disappearance or reduction in the number of species, especially mammals and birds;

- fragmentation of the habitats of many species and disruption of longitudinal connectivity (through river damming) and side (by damming of floodplains,

- blocking or severe curtailment of migration routes of fish species and access to spawning areas and feeding);

- reduction or elimination of habitat types and ecosystems in transitional areas (shelterbelts, alignments of trees, wetlands in the structure of large farms or large lotic systems) with profound adverse effects on biological diversity and diffuse pollution control functions , soil erosion, runoff and flood wave evolution, biological control of pest species populations, groundwater replenishment and water bodies;

- extensive modification sometimes above the critical threshold, the structural congraficţiei of hidrografice basins and watercourses associated with significant reductions in aquatic systems ability to absorb the pressure of human activities on watershed scale and increasing their vulnerability and systems socioeconomic depend on them;

- dismantle and reducing the productive capacity of agricultural biodiversity components; impact on the landscape.

Uncontrolled tourism practiced intensively creates a negative impact on biodiversity components, the deterioration and degradation of flora, disrupting animal species, soil degradation downhill trails marked by failure and the camper and open fires in unauthorized places, dumping of household waste in space unsuitable for this purpose. All this has caused great pressure on the natural environment, leading to its degradation, thus requiring the implementation of the concept of ecotourism, not only in protected areas but also outside them. Extend of the urban areas within natural protected areas or their vicinity generates a huge pressure on protected natural areas.

Exploitation of natural resources and fragmentation of natural habitats endanger wildlife.

As a result, biodiversity conservation should be achieved on the basis of efficient and sustainable management of natural capital components and ensuring protection arrangements for vulnerable species, endemic or endangered can be done through the establishment of protected areas.



Taking into consideration the importance of natural capital and sustainable development of human societies, it is imperative to conserve biodiversity, as a prerequisite for future generations.

Control measures

All activities that could have a significant impact on biodiversity are subject specific assessments (environmental assessment for plans and programs, environmental impact assessment and evaluation projects appropriate) and issued regulatory act only after proving, by reports realized by firms or individuals approved by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, that those activities have a significant impact on the environment and biodiversity. By implementing appropriate assessment requirements of the potential effects of plans / programs or projects on protected natural areas of community interest, ensure that any plan / program or project may significantly affect the protected area of community interest, alone or in combination with other plans / projects that are in the regulatory procedure laid down in the strategy or development. Also, be determined and pursue indicators of species and habitat monitoring activities taking place in protected areas.

Biodiversity impact assessment is based on evaluation criteria that relate to:

- The degree of damage to species and natural habitats in the territory of impact;

- Changing parameters ecosystem - Fragmentation of ecosystems; - Mitigation measures.

Activities that have undergone regulatory procedure in terms of protecting the environment are subject to the protection and conservation measures imposed by regulatory act, so the impact is lessened.

Landscape

The three components of the landscape that gives its uniqueness and attractiveness are:

- Cultural elements (settlements, infrastructure, construction, human activities)

- Biodiversity and - Geomorphological structure (relief, geological features, hydrological).

An important element in the landscape is the cultural heritage through historic monuments.

Cultural Heritage

From a structural viewpoint, the monuments are grouped into four categories according to their nature:

I. Archaeological Monuments



II. Monuments of architecture III. Public monuments IV. Memorial and funeral

In terms of value, historical monuments include the following categories: - Category A - monuments of national interest - Category B - monuments of local interest

The complete list is maintained and regularly updated by the Ministry of Culture of Romania, through the National Heritage Institute, version dating from 2010. This list includes subsequent updates made by the Minister of Culture.

According to the latest update approved by Order no. 2361/2010, Romania, which is part of the program, there are 1740 historical monuments spread across counties, as shown in the table below.

Tabel: The number of historical monuments located in the Romanian area of the program

The number of Historical Monuments in the border region of Romania

County NumberTimis 338

Caras-Severin 833Mehedinţi 569TOTAL 1740

In each of the three Romanian counties included in the program, there are targets that belong to the cultural heritage that will be analyzed in detail, as appropriate, when known locations of proposed actions in the program. Below are listed some of the most popular object in program area.

Cetatea Severinului



Severin Fortress - or rather ruins of the fortress are in the city park Drobeta Turnu Severin Dragalina. During the Middle Ages the most important town in the area was Severin Fortress, and for three centuries has played a special role as a gateway linking eastern and western Europe.

The ruins that are seen today are not coming only from a single building. There were two chambers, one inside and one outside, the latter surrounded by a ditch.

As a result of excavations, it have been revealed a series of square towers flanking the courtyard; two are placed side flanking the inner enclosure, two are situated on the southern side in the extreme ends and the other two located on the inner side wall of defense. From the tower that is in the north-east a wall is preserved, growing to the height of three floors, he being 11 m, a length of 9 m and a width of 2.5 m.

On the set, inside the city, it retains the ruins of an old church released during excavations. On the plateau, excavations revealed workshops made war materials: a bread oven and traces of a fire place. Based on documentary news fortress lasted since XIII century until 1524 when it was destroyed by the Turks.

Roman Drobeta Camp

Vestiges of Drobeta roman camp, Trajan's Bridge and the Tower of Severus, can be seen today.



Drobeta was the first stone castle built in Dacia (103-105), a Roman fort defense initial being built to house 500 soldiers providing security bridge.

We can see today foundations (rebuilt by Constantine the Great) on an area of 2 hectares, with four side doors with housing, accommodate, weapons depots, streets.

In the center of the fort building Pretoria (commander) of Emperor Trajan arrived in the winter of 105.

To the west of the fort, on the Danube, you can see the ruins of thermae (baths) have been found in Roman brick walls stamped legion Macedonica sign of dating of baths at the same time building the fort and bridge construction

Traian’s Bridge

Trajan's Bridge was built in only three years (103-105) the plans of the famous architect, Apollodorus of Damascus, is considered the most daring work of Roman antiquity.

The bridge was built on 20 pillars of stone blocks, is 1135 m long, 14.55 m and 18.60 m high, ends with one port monument whose relics can be seen on both sides of Danube. For the wood part of the building were used on 200 hectares oak forest.

Huniade Castle (Castell Huniazilor)



Hunyade Castle or Hunyadi Castle is a historical monument and the oldest building in Timisoara, built between 1443 - 1447 by John Hunyadi, the ruins of an old castle in the fourteenth century (built during the reign of King Charles Robert of Anjou). Today it houses the Museum of Banat. Between 1441 and 1456, the count of Timisoara was Iancu de Hunedoara. He has established his residence here and ordered the building of a new castle on the ruins of the old castle royal palace, severely damaged by an earthquake. A contribution to the building was brought by Italian architect Paolo Santini of Duccio, who was at that time in the service of Iancu de Hunedoara.

Both the castle and town fortifications were equipped with semicircular towers adapted to artillery. The castle served as a noble residence for all the kings who until 1552 had arrived in Timisoara. During the Ottoman occupation (1552-1716), the castle served as the residence of beglerbegilor pashalik of Timisoara.

Despite the many changes, the castle has retained its organization around a courtyard rectangles, position and donjon tower "Knights Hall", details that are found Corvin Castle in Hunedoara. The main facade was rebuilt in a romantic style.

Windows, finished in arc in full round-headed but with neo-Gothic decoration above, took place holes for artillery and the facade was built in appearance brick. The first floor, built on two storeys height normally contain two rooms vaulted in Gothic style, one of three ships, and the other two which are built of brick and supported by a series of massive columns.

Building ends vertically through the attic floor and in terms of fine arts exterior facade on top of a canopy is embattled.



Tower castle is rectangular, low height, with small windows and decorated with battlements at the top so that the roof is not visible. The main entrance has been modified and is flanked by two massive pilasters are in the upper part a collection of specific weapons that contribute to the appearance of medieval Gothic castle. The two ends of the main facade are provided with jutties whose corners are marked by an imitation in stone plaster construction system.

Since 1947, the castle was assigned to Banat Museum and houses the departments of history and natural sciences. The castle was again renovated.

Lloyd Palace

Lloyd's Palace is a monumental building with three floors, located in Victory Square in Timisoara.

The palace was built between 1910-1912, by architect Leopold Baumhorn style architect chose one eclectic influences secession. Here he worked on the first floor Agricultural Scholarship, Lloyd society, and the second and third floors were residential.

On the ground floor is Café Lloyd, before the war Café Wien, Timisoara elite venue. Since 1948 it houses the headquarters of Polytechnic University Rector and downstairs restaurant works Lloyd.

From the luxury of yesteryear are preserved today portions of panels, mirrors, stained glass and a few chandeliers remained.

Baroc Palace



Prefectures Old Palace, called "Baroque Palace" is one of the most valuable monuments of Timisoara.

With the year 1751, when the Banat start of the separation chamber military administration, military engineers are concerned with finding a space inside the fortress to house the residence of the governor. When Dom advancement and fixation works form the Main Square (Union Square today) was chosen and the position of civil governor house.

The building was known in 1752 as the Old House Chamber, and in 1954 becomes, is designed as a residence for the president of the civil administration, the Earl of Vilana Perlas. The new name of the monument is the Palace of the President. Viennese decorative motifs reveals a close lineage, which recognizes mainly model "Kinsky Palace" in Vienna.

President Palace appears as one of the most representative buildings from Timisoara eighteenth century and confirms the concern administration time for city beautification. Moreover, the appearance of the building is mentioned in the work of Francis Griselini laudatory, Timisean Banat History, published in Bucharest in 1926.

In the late nineteenth century, the architect Jacques Klein transforms President Palace - meanwhile become County House - and remove items baroque decoration, especially in the façade. The building retains a large, and in this form today.

Construction characteristics favoured choice for the function of the art museum, the building spaces provided and can be adapted with minimal modifications exposure requirements of contemporary museology.

Thus, on the one hand site of a vast area of central and historic city core polarization favours the interest of visitors, and on the other hand, the architectural enables functional diversity required by the program and emphasizing the correspondence between the museum building and its new destination.



Theatre Building from Timisoara

The first evidence of theatre in Timisoara was in 1753. Between 1761-1874, theatrical performances were held in the former building of the rascian magistrate (Nikolaus Lenau School today), where in 1846, Franz Liszt performed three concerts, and in 1847 Johann Strauss son conducted a concert.

In 1868, the band Pascaly, which was part of Mihai Eminescu, gave three performances. Opera House was built between 1872 and 1875 by Viennese architects Hellmer and Fellner design in Renaissance style. Devastated by two fires, the building was rebuilt in 1923-1928, except for the sides. Front and auditorium are in Byzantine style and side facades original Renaissance.

The building houses four major cultural institutions, Romanian Opera, National Theatre, the German State and the Hungarian State Theatre Timisoara is the only European city where there are three state theatres in different languages.



Vauban style fortress

In the period 1723-1765, in Timisoara was built the largest city in our country Vauban style. He had nine bastions and defence have an important role in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

However, at the beginning of sec. XX, the city decided to stop development of the city and its demolition. Today, only three buildings in the old fortified city remaining standing while gaining various utilities. Theresia Bastion, once "Provian Caseme" (repository service supply) currently houses the library, libraries, restaurants and chic cafes and shops of museums Banat.

The building has undergone a lot of structural degradation (cracks in the arches and vaults), is full of dampness and was biologically "attacked".



The Dome or the Episcopal Romano-Catholic Cathedral

The Dome or the Episcopal Cathedral Romano-Catholic was designed by Josef Emanuel Fischer von Erlach and built between 1736 - 1754. The church is the most valuable piece of Baroque architecture in Timisoara. The main altar, semicircular, made of marble, is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and is based on the golden statues of saints and angels. Interior is Gothic altars and decorations baroque rococo elements are created by famous artists in Vienna in XVIII century.

Hours and organ are made in workshops in Timisoara. Dome served as a salt deposit in 1849 and severely damaged during the siege, the people who are in critical condition, he sought refuge in the crypt of the Duomo, in which is buried the bishops, dignitaries and many personalities vase of Banat.

Last restoration of the Dome, as well as other constructions around took place between the years 1981 – 1982



Serbian Orthodox Diocese

Serbian Orthodox Diocese is located in Union Square, near the Serbian Episcopal Cathedral. Edificial was built between 1745 - 1747 in Baroque style and the facade was transformed with elements of Serbian architecture between 1905-1906.

It functioned as ward since the sixteenth century, when, for the first time, there are testimonials written about it in documents of the time, until the communist regime, when the institution was lowered to the rank of Vicariate.

After the First World War, the Serb Orthodox religious community is led by the Bishop of Banat directors appointed by the Serbian Orthodox Church, with the agreement of the Romanian State. The Bishop appoints a deputy bishop who heads the Diocese.

On its territory there are five monasteries, all of great importance for the history of the Serbian people in these places. The Zlatita and Bazias monasteries were founded, according to tradition, by the Saint Sava himself.

The St. Gheorghe and Bezdin medieval monasteries are of paramount importance especially for Metropolitan of Karlovci history, given that it gave a significant number of bishops and patriarchs.



In Timisoara, which form ancient times the hosted the cathedral Orthodox Serbs, there are today three Serbian Orthodox churches.

The most important, the Cathedral is an architectural and artistic jewel of town. It is in the center of town, next to the building of the Serbian Bishop's Palace and the Serbian Orthodox Parish of Timisoara fortress.

Landscape

On the Romanian side of the RO-RS CBC IPA 2014-2020, there is a variety of landscapes: mountains with gorges and canyons, hills and plateaus, plains and river plains, rivers and lakes.Mehedinţi County is characterised by the grand landscape of the Danube River and its canyon, the mountain scape diversity, the presence of remarkable flora and fauna elements, many of which have been included in scientific reserves.The list of the landscape attractions of the area includes: the Iron Gates I area, with the Danube canyon, clisura with the Large and Small

Cazane, reservoirs, the hydropower and navigation system, the many viaducts built over wild valleys, the city of Orşova, spreading in an amphitheatre on the bank of the Cerna bay.

Ostrovul Şimian – an island downstream of Drobeta Turnu Severin, hosting the relocated the citadel of the sunken Ada-Kaleh island.

the Northern part o the county, characterised by beautiful landscapes. It includes the town of Baia de Aramă, and about 4 km north-west of Baia de Aramă the Ponoare Karst complex, with several natural monuments (the natural bridge at Ponoare, karst lakes Zatonul Mare and Zatonul Mic, Ponoare Cave and the clints plateau above the cave). Topolniţa Cave is also in this area, having an explored length of 10.330 m, the second largest in the country.

Expected trends

In recent decades, the natural and landscape in Romania have been influenced by the development of economic activities , especially given the recent years of growth, based on an excessive exploitation of natural resources. Under these conditions, many species of plants and animals are threatened with extinction and the landscape change is an important indicator for environmental deterioration.

Ecosystems consist of a variety of species have a higher probability of remaining stable when there is some loss or damage, than ecosystems with reduced functions.

Habitat fragmentation is caused by a range of different factors related to changes in land use, including urban sprawl, transport infrastructure and enhanced agricultural and forestry practices. Loss of natural areas has repercussions that extend beyond the disappearance of rare species.



Thus, it is necessary to ensure the necessary natural conditions through an integrated approach to land use by:

- Improving connectivity between existing natural areas to counter fragmentation and enhance their ecological coherence, for example by protecting hedges, strips of vegetation on the fields and small streams ;

- Emphasizing the permeability of landscape to support species dispersal , migration and movement , for example using land in a favorable manner for flora and fauna or the introduction of organic farming or forestry schemes which support extensive farming practices ;

- Identification of multifunctional areas. In such areas, land use that supports healthy ecosystems is favored at the expense of destructive practices. For example, they may be areas where agriculture, forestry, recreation and ecosystem conservation work all in the same space. Such combinations to benefit both sides or with few drawbacks and many benefits can bring multiple benefits not only those who use the land (farmers , foresters , tourism service providers , etc. ) , but also to the society as a whole by providing valuable ecosystem services such as water purification and soil improvement and creating attractive spaces that people can enjoy ;

- Spatial guided development of infrastructure outside the sensitive areas , thus reducing the risk of aditional fragmentation of habitats .

Flooding and droughts 1

Weather-related extreme events and natural disastersThe category of extreme weather events that might cause in Romania important damages or even natural disasters includes phenomena such as: heavy rains/ floods, land falls, ice dams on the water courses, hail, electric storms, glazed frost, avalanche, storms, snow storms, dryness, heat waves, cold snaps. According to the data of the Natural Disasters Insurance Pool (PAID), for Romania, the highest exposure to natural disasters is associated to earthquakes, floods and landfalls, which might cause human casualties and high economic costs across the entire country.

Climate

In the cross-border area, the climate is temperate-continental with very hot summers, small amounts of precipitation, and cold winters marked by irregular intervals with strong snowstorms and frequent warming. Some particular influences marked the territory, respectively: Mediterranean influence in Mehedinti county with strong contrasts between winter and summer temperatures. In 2012, the annual country average temperature level, 10ºC, was 1.1ºC above the normal climatologic standard value (1961-1990). The annual quantity of precipitations, country average value (618.9 mm) was only 3% below the normal climatologic standard value (1961-1990).Extreme phenomena on record and their consequences are relevant for

1 Source: “State of the environment – Final Report 2012” prepared by the National Agency for Environmental Protection of Romania.



the area of concern. 2012 was especially remarkable for very low temperatures and massive snowfalls and blizzards in the second half of January and early February. The southern part of the country was affected by snow storms, when snow drifts were formed by strong winds tumbling and blowing off snow. Black ice was formed in some days, as well as fog associated with hoary frost. In January, the national monthly average precipitation, 59.1 mm, was 59% higher than the normal climate standard. The precipitation regime was predominantly surplus in the Southern half of the country and on limited areas in the rest of the country. Also, in February, massive snowfalls and blizzards caused many roads across Romania to close, some communities were left stranded and without power supply, thousands of people to become entrapped in houses under the snow, schools and national and county roads were closed and train services cancelled. Also, in 2012, in July and August, extreme highs and lack of precipitation caused fire impacts to more than 200 ha of forest, grassland and dry vegetation. May was characterized by heavy rainfall which, especially in the second half of the month, caused flooding in more than 100 communities in 20 counties.

Climate forecastsThe forecasts provided by various models state that climate regime changes in Romania range within the global trends, considering the regional context, with higher temperature increases during summer. Thus, Romania expects an increase of the annual average temperature compared to 1980-1990 similar to the European region as a whole, with slight differences between the modelling results, for the first decades of the 21st century, and higher toward the end of the century. From a quantitative perspective, more than 90% of the climate models foresee, for 2090-2099, harsh draughts in summer, in Romania, especially in the South (with negative deviations compared to 1980-1990, of more than 20%). Concerning winter precipitation, deviations are slighter and the uncertainty higher.

Agricultural land and its vulnerability to climate changeIn terms of pluviometric data, more than 90% of the climate patterns forecast for the period 2090-2099 revealed severe droughts during summer, especially in South and South-East of Romania (with negative deviations compared with the period 1980-1990, more than 20%). With respect to the precipitations during winter, the deviations are smaller and the uncertainty higher. The agriculture represents the most vulnerable field, the studies showing the following aspects2:

2 According to study of the Romanian National Institute of Hydrology and Waters Management „The impact of the climate changes and of the framework directive on costs and water resources in southeast of Romania”, which started in 2011, to be developed until 2014



In the case of wheat crop , the analysis of simulated results under two regional climate scenarios (2020-2050 and 2080-2099) shows an increase in grain production (on average by 10.3% to 34.8% from current levels according to the modification of the genetic coefficient factor on vernalization and photoperiod) and more rapid development of culture, i.e. 8 days to 21 days earlier, compared to the current period and agricultural region, the increases occurring in the Southern and South-Eastern areas where thermal values growth trend is more obvious and as a result, forcing vegetative processes is more intense.

The simulated results for the agricultural area in Southern Romania indicates that wheat varieties with average requirements for vernalization and low to reduced photoperiod requirements are the best combination to ensure the best use of future climate resources, allowing constant yields and a reduced annual variability. Increased wheat production under climate change is due to the positive effect of increased atmospheric CO2 levels on photosynthesis, which counteracts the negative effect of shortening the growing season due to rising air temperature.

In the case of corn crops, in the Southern part of Romania, according to climate projections for 2020-250 period, shortening of the growing season by average with 20 to 37 days can be produced, due to rising air temperature and thus decrease of production by 14% until 2020 and 21% by 2050, as a result of increased soil water deficits, especially in the grain filling phase (July-August). Corn, since is a C4 plant, benefits less from the effect of increased CO2 concentration on photosynthesis.

Soil erosion and contaminationAccording to provisional data, different slope processes affect 3,372,916 ha, of which 664,879 ha excessively-strongly. Of these, large areas affected by erosion and landslides are also found in the West Development region (329238 ha), were two of the eligible counties are located (Caras-Severin and Timis). Other natural and/or anthropogenic processes affecting soil quality are primary and/or secondary consolidation, inventoried for 1.553.276 ha, out of which very strong and excessive consolidation on 214.081 ha. The largest areas are found in the West Development Region (32.4%).

Water quality

Surface WatersThe following presents the status of the assessed area’s watercourses monitored and evaluated in 2012, in terms of ecological status/ ecological potential, on river basins. (Source: "Romanian Waters" National Administration).Ecological condition of natural bodies of surface water - rivers monitored in the Bega – Timiş – Caraş Basins.

In Bega – Timiş - Caraş hydrographic basins, 25 natural water bodies were evaluate – rivers, in total 1,005.89 km. Of the 1,005.89 km monitored for ecological potential, the distribution on lengths in relation to the ecological condition being as follows: 882.86 km (87.77%) in good ecological condition and 123.03 km (12.23%) in moderate ecological condition.

The ecological potential of the highly modified surface water bodies (CAPM) - rivers monitored in the Bega – Timiş – Caraş



hydrographic basin. Within the Bega – Timiş - Caraş hydrographic basin, 13 water bodies highly modified were evaluated - rivers totalling a number of 478.91 km. Of the 478.91 km monitored for ecological potential, the distribution on lengths in relation to the ecological condition being as follows: 257.56 km (53.78%) were in a good ecological potential (FEB) and 221.35 km (46.22%) in a moderate ecologic potential (PEMO).

The ecological potential of the highly modified artificial surface water bodies - monitored in the Bega – Timiş – Caraş Basins. Within the Bega – Timiş - Caraş hydrographic basin, 1 artificial water body (CAA) with a length of 43.98 km, was evaluated. From the point of view of ecological potential, all the 43.98 km (100%) fit the moderate ecological potential.

Bega – Timiş – Caraş hydrographic basins a) Ecological condition of natural bodies of surface water - rivers

monitored in the Bega – Timiş – Caraş Basins. In Bega – Timiş - Caraş hydrographic basins, 25 natural water bodies were evaluate – rivers, in total 1,005.89 km. Of the 1,005.89 km monitored for ecological potential, the distribution on lengths in relation to the ecological condition being as follows:

- 882.86 km (87.77%) in good ecological condition and - 123.03 km (12.23%) in moderate ecological condition.

b) The ecological potential of the heavily modified surface water bodies (CAPM) - rivers monitored in the Bega – Timiş – Caraş hydrographic basins. Within the Bega – Timiş - Caraş hydrographic basin, 13 water bodies heavily modified were evaluated - rivers totalling a number of 478.91 km. Of the 478.91 km monitored for ecological potential, the distribution on lengths in relation to the ecological condition being as follows:

- 257.56 km (53.78%) were in a good ecological potential and- 221.35 km (46.22%) in a moderate ecologic potential.

c) The ecological potential of the artificial surface water bodies - monitored in the Bega – Timiş – Caraş Basins. Within the Bega – Timiş - Caraş hydrographic basin, 1 artificial water body (CAA) with a length of 43.98 km, was assessed. From the point of view of ecological potential, all the 43.98 km (100%) fit the moderate ecological potential.

Nera - Cerna hydrographic basins



a) Ecological condition of natural bodies of surface water - rivers monitored in the Nera - Cerna hydrographic basins. Within the Nera - Cerna hydrographic basins, 8 natural water bodies were assessed based on monitoring data – rivers, with a length of 493.78 km. The assessment indicated that all 493.78 km were in a good ecological condition.

b) The ecological potential of the heavily modified surface water bodies (CAPM) - rivers monitored in the Nera - Cerna hydrographic basins. Within the Nera - Cerna hydrographic basins, 3 water bodies highly modified were evaluated, totalling a number of 45.51 km. Of the 45.51 km monitored for ecological potential, the distribution was as follows:

- 39.63 km (87.08%) had in a good ecological potential and - 5.88 km (12.92%) in a moderate ecologic potential.

The Danube hydrographic basin The Danube River is both the borderline between Romania and Republic of Serbia and one of the main environmental features in the region. Within the entire Romanian part of the Danube hydrographic basin, a total number of 54 water bodies-rivers were assessed based on monitoring apart from the water bodies located on the main course of the river Danube and on its three main branches. a) The ecological condition of the surface water bodies – rivers monitored

in the Danube Hydrographic Basin. The distribution of the rivers monitored and assessed in regard to the ecological condition is as follows:

- 30.1% in good ecological condition and - 69.9% in moderate ecological condition.

b) The ecological potential of the surface water bodies – heavily modified and artificial water bodies in the Danube Hydrographic Basin. The rivers monitored and assessed in regard to the ecological potential met the moderate ecological potential.

Ground Waters

During the year 2012, for the 140 ground water bodies of Romania monitored out of the total of 142 existing bodies, a number of 1307 monitoring points (wells, springs, drains, fountains) were observed for the annual preliminary assessment of chemical status. The 2 unmonitored ground water bodies are situated either in hardly accessible mountain areas or they have a low number of wells bare of water influx.



The quality of the groundwater of the programme’s area monitored in 2012, determined the classification of the groundwater bodies’ status in “good” and “poor”, as presented in the table below. Results of monitoring groundwater quality in 2012 within the programme’s area (RO)

Basin/ Hydrograp

hic area

Number of monitored groundwater bodies

Chemical status

Water body in

poor chemical status

Indicators that trigger the

classification as poor

Good

Poor

S.H.BANAT 20 18 2 ROBA01 NO3ROBA02 NO3; Pb

In terms of water pollution, the most frequently identified nutrients are the various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus (nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, organic nitrogen from plant debris or other organic compounds and phosphates). Between the highest nitrates concentrations recorded in 2012, are those from Banat hydrographic area, in pollution control wells located on water bodies RABA01, ROBA02 and ROBA03.

Industrial pollution events and contamination

According to the latest National Environmental Report on the state of the environment, environmental pollution events did not occur in 2012 in any of the two development regions involved in the RO-RS CBC IPA Programme.

2.4 Any existing environmental problems which are relevant to the plan or programme including, in particular, those relating to any areas of a particular environmental importance, such as areas designated pursuant to Directives 79/409/EEC and 92/43/EEC

The draft of the proposed OP outlines the following key environmental strengths and weaknesses of the study area as follows:

Divide of land use and land cover with agriculture dominating in the Northwest and mountain and forested areas dominating in the southeast, with punctual foci of human activity (e.g. mines);

Rich natural environment and cultural heritage with many small and dispersed attractions which is at pressure either by abandonment in peripheral areas or by overexploitation in the plains;

Large number of NATURA 2000 and Natural Protected Areas covering a large part of the programme area;

Rivers and water bodies mostly heavily modified and with weak ecological potential burdened by agricultural, industrial and municipal discharges;

Relative low level of service of water supply and sewage treatment especially in the rural areas and difficulties to overcome this by conventional approaches;



Environmental Infrastructure, is often obsolete, underperforming and with limited perspective for financing beyond rudimentary operation and maintenance;

Municipal waste treatment is nascent and is relying in simple landfills or uncontrolled dumps;

Air pollution in the urban centres as a consequence of traffic and poor industrial emissions standards;

Environmental hotspots and risks, especially due to past and present mining and industrial activity, in many cases in remote areas with poor civil protection mechanisms;

Flood risks (fluvial and flash floods) in different parts of the Programme area; Flood Awareness Systems and disaster protection improving and connecting to

European networks but still poor at the local level

3 RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND APPRAISAL OF THE PROPOSED STRATEGY PURSUED IN THE PROGRAM

3.1 Environmental protection objectives, established at international, Community or Member State level, which are relevant to the plan or programme

The most important environmental reference framework for the proposed Romania-Serbia IPA CBC Programme 2014 - 2020 are the priorities defined in the environmental pillar of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region. EUSDR environmental pillar focuses on three Priority Areas which have to be integrated with other policies: Restore and maintain the quality of waters; Manage environmental risks; Preserve biodiversity, landscapes and the quality of air and soil.

The specific objectives for the above priority areas are:1. Achieve the management objectives set out in the Danube River Basin

Management Plan2. Reduce the nutrient levels in the Danube River to allow the recovery of the Black

Sea ecosystems to conditions similar to 1960s. 3. Secure viable populations of Danube sturgeon species4. Elaborate, adopt and implement the sub-basin management plans, such as Sava,

Tisza and Prut sub-basins.5. Implement Danube wide flood risk management plans - due in 2015 under the

Floods Directive – to include significant reduction of flood risk by 2021, also taking into account potential impacts of climate change”.

6. Update of the accidental risk spots inventory at the Danube River Basin level by 2013”.

7. To halt the deterioration in the status of all species and habitats covered by EU nature legislation and achieve a significant and measurable improvement, adapted to the special needs of the Danube Region by 2020”.

8. Secure viable populations of Danube sturgeon species and other indigenous fish species by 2020”.

9. Reduce by 25% the area affected by soil erosion exceeding 10 tonnes per hectare by 2020”.

10. By 2020, ecosystems and their services are maintained and enhanced by establishing green infrastructure and restoring at least 15% of degraded ecosystems”.

11. By 2020, Invasive Alien Species and their pathways are identified and prioritised, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and pathways are managed to prevent the introduction and establishment of new Invasive Alien Species”.



3.2 The way relevant environmental objectives and any environmental considerations have been taken into account during its preparation

SummaryWe have appraised the proposed programme against the above specified 11 targets defined in the environmental pillar of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR). We found out that the proposed programme - especially the Priority Axis 2 ´Environmental protection and risk management´ indirectly supports environmental priorities of the EUSDR. Nevertheless, there is a scope for improving linkages by directly addressing EUSDR environmental priority issues which are directly important for the study area. This is especially important for design of systems for monitoring and management of environmental resources, design of systems environmental risks management and emergency preparedness, improvement of cross-border interoperability of organisations and bodies involved in

disaster resilience and disaster management systems and emergency preparedness, and

public awareness raising and capacity development interventions.

Our detailed assessment and recommendations are provided in the table below. In order to facilitate reading, we have used the following colours to indicate relationships that we found:

Direct, strongly supporting relationship

Directly, strongly contradicting relationship

Indirectly possibly supporting relationship

Indirectly possibly contradicting relationship

No relationship

Relationship between results of the proposed programme and environmental targets under EU Strategy for Danube RegionResults sought under proposed IPA CBC Program Romania-Serbia

Environmental targets under EU Strategy for Danube Region

Comments and recommendations

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

Specific Objective 2.1Public organizations of

1. Monitoring should focus specifically on regional priority



Results sought under proposed IPA CBC Program Romania-Serbia



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

the two sides of the border establishing permanent networks and partnerships for the monitoring and management of environmental resources

issues and relevant issues addressed by the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR) where more information is needed from the region: i.e. ecological and chemical status of water bodies, source of water pollution and accidental risk spots inventory, indigenous species (especially Danube sturgeon species), status of all species and habitats covered by EU nature legislation, invasive species. Improvements of monitoring systems should primarily entail exchange of information - new monitoring systems should be set up only when really needed. Monitoring system should be coordinated with bodies that implement environmental objectives of the EUSDR - in terms of issues addressed, exact parameters monitored, monitoring periods and data formats.

Inhabitants better informed on natural resources quality and vulnerability, becoming proactive subjects of environmental protection.

2. Public awareness should ideally focus on priority issues addressed by the EUSDR.

Education on environmental protection actions and methodologies improved, with the establishment of cross-border initiatives. Knowledge on environmental resources improved with cross border partnerships.

3. Education should ideally focus on priority issues addressed by the EUSDR.

Managerial and technological innovations for the environmental protection tailored to the local needs, with the exchange of knowledge and experiences in the two sides of the border and transferred to the local administrations.

None






1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

Local and national bodies actively integrated in the strategies for the protection and promotion of environmental resources in the Danube Basin Macro Region.

None

Enhancement of the capacity of local institutions to protect and promote natural resources, through the creation or the rehabilitation of infrastructures and equipment for the provision of innovative services in the field.

None

Specific Objective 2.2Environmental risks management and emergency preparedness.

4. Interventions on environmental risks management and emergency preparedness should contribute to updates of the accidental risk spots inventory at the Danube River Basin.

Improvement of cross-border interoperability of organisations and bodies involved in disaster resilience and disaster management systems and emergency preparedness.

5. Interventions on flood risks should be closely coordinated with Danube wide flood risk management plans and should also take into account potential impacts of climate change.

Increase of the capacity of local administrations and public bodies competent for early cross-border identification and assessment of the situation in case of environmental accidents and natural disasters, and joint environmental protective actions.

See above comments 4 and 5.

Local and national bodies active in the area better integrated in the Danube Basin







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

International systems and organizations for the management of environmental risks and emergencies.Improvement of the capacity of local institutions to play and active and efficient role in interventions for environmental emergencies, due to natural events or industrial accidents, through the creation or rehabilitation of infrastructure and equipment.


4 ASSESSMENT APPROACH, EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

4.1 An outline of the reasons for selecting the alternatives dealt

with, and a description of how the assessment was undertaken including any difficulties (such as technical deficiencies or lack of know-how) encountered in compiling the required information

The SEA process examined the proposed Romania-Serbia IPA CBC programme. SEA process has been used to propose additional actions to be taken or modifications of proposed interventions whenever opportunities for reducing their environmental risks or enhancing beneficial impacts would arise.

The SEA has been conducted in a broad accordance with the EC-endorsed "Handbook on SEA for Cohesion Policy 2007-2013" which represents a primary reference material for undertaking SEA which is still valid and remains recommended for the programming process 2014-2020.The assessment has started with scoping document that suggested to focus on the following key issues of concern: Biodiversity



Landscape Flooding and droughts, Water quality Soil erosion and contamination Industrial pollution events and contamination

Baseline studies have been prepared by national consultants for each of the identified environmental issues. The assessment itself comprised of four levels of analysis: Appraisal of the specific objectives of the proposed programmes against targets

defined in the environmental pillar of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (see Chapter 3.2)

Assessment of the likely expected impacts on the environment and of environmental policy implications for each Priority Axis (see Chapter 4.2 below)

Evaluation of the proposed monitoring system and provision of recommendations for modifications of the proposed monitoring framework (see Chapter 5)

During the first meeting of the SEA Working Group established for the purpose of supervising this SEA by Romanian authorities, it was agreed that is recommended to assess the need for an appropriate assessment according to the Habitats Directive for each action/ intervention rather than performing the appropriate assessment for the Romania-Serbia CBC IPA 2014-2020 Programme.

The assessment has not been constrained by any difficulties and conclusions made are not bound by significant uncertainties.

4.2 The likely significant effects on the environment and the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and as fully as possible offset any significant adverse effects on the environment of implementing the plan or programme

For each Priority Axis we have conducted an assessment of the likely expected environment impacts and any other environmental policy implications. The assessment was divided into two steps.

Firstly we have assessed the Specific Objectives and intended Results and during this task we have focused mainly of wider implications and opportunities for maximizing environmental benefits proposed interventions. Our second step - assessment of Thematic Areas and List of Indicative f Actions - focused mainly on environmental risks that may occur during implementation of proposed actions. Both assessments used information of expected impacts to directly generate recommendations for possible adjustments of proposed interventions. We have found out that overall the proposed CBC programme is likely to achieve positive impacts on the environment because of intended results under the following specific objectives which are expected to achieve significant environmental benefits:

Specific objective 1.2: To enhance the potential of the programme area for an inclusive growth, based on the improvement of quality of life to all residents on the two sides of the border through joint actions, especially for the improvement of the



access of the population to modern and efficient health care services, social services, services supporting the access to primary education.

Specific objective 2.1: Enhancing protection and sustainable use of natural resources, the improvement of capacity and the extension of actions of organisations and bodies involved in environmental protection and sustainable use of natural resources. Promoting cross border networks for education and studies on environmental resources.

Specific objective 2.2: To enhance capacity to face environmental risks, enabling cross-border interoperability and joint actions for innovative systems of environmental protection, mitigation and prevention of environmental accidents and disasters, emergency reaction, preparedness and awareness in case of environmental emergencies.

Specific objective 3.2: Promote the achievement of improved and homogenous quality standard in public infrastructures for basic services, especially in remote areas through improved and enlarged access to modern and efficient public utilities services (incl. Internet, energy)

The SEA also found out that the proposed CBC programme includes only one specific objective where possibly significant environmental risks might occur. These are the intended results and tentative actions for the specific objective ´3.1 Promote the achievement of improved and homogenous quality standard in public transport, especially in remote areas through improved sustainability and efficiency of transport infrastructure and mobility services within the cross-border area and the area’s integration in the main EU transport corridors´.

Such impacts can be however managed through a rigorous application of environmental assessments (EIAs, SEAs, and transboundary consultations when needed) and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where relevant). In this regard, it is important to ensure that transport interventions undergo EIAs/SEAs (when needed) and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where applicable). When transboundary impacts may arise, these EIAs/SEAs should include transboundary consultations under the Espoo Convention. This IPA CBP programme is ideally positioned to deliver good example of transboundary EIAs or SEAs.

In order to enhance environmental benefits of interventions proposed under the specific objective 3.1, we suggest to consider adding a new result: ´ Joint initiatives on improvements of public transport and intermodal connections ´. This result should receive priority attention.

All other interventions are likely to lead to no significant or minor positive environmental impacts. The detailed assessment tables are provided below. In order to facilitate reading, we have highlighted impacts found using the following colours:

Direct significant positive impact

Direct significant adverse impact

Indirectly positive impact Indirect adverse impact



No significant impact

Assessment of programme Specific Objectives and intended Results

Priority Axis 1. Employment promotion and basic services strengthening for an inclusive growthSpecific objective

Results sought Assessment Changes proposed

1.1: To enhance the potential of the programme area for an inclusive growth, improving availability of employment opportunities, access to the labour market and employment opportunities in the programme eligible area.

The active population will experience better access to the labour market, receiving more information on job opportunities.

Adult training opportunities and assistance from professional associations will be offered in coordinated cross border networks. Tailored assistance for the access to job opportunities offered to young persons completing educational cycle, young people not employed, not involved in training or educational activities.

Disadvantaged groups, isolated communities in marginal areas will be offered support for the access to the labour market.

Promotional actions for the access to the labour market among young active population, disadvantaged groups, unemployed, returning migrants will be available.

Cooperation across the border will be established among Public Services, NGOs, local administrations for joint actions in support of the labour market.

No significant risks to the environment expected. Positive environmental impacts can be expected if interventions address job opportunities related to smart (green) growth.

Minor indirect positive impact on public health expected since promotion of access to jobs intends to improve income and social status of population in study area (interventions marked in green colour) which are one of the core determinants of health.

Suggest to expand the specific objective 1.1 and indented results to cover ´smart´ growth. ¨

Interventions should address business and job development opportunities related to smart growth - e.g. in eco-agriculture, energy saving, renewable energy (bio-gas, geo-thermal, solar, small hydro, biofuels, wind, etc.), waste management and resource reuse, etc.

1.2: To enhance the potential of the programme area for an inclusive growth, based on the improvement of quality of life to all residents on the two sides of the border through joint actions, especially for the improvement of the access of the population to

Improvement of quality and accessibility of basic services, exploiting cross-border synergies and removing bottlenecks and constraints generated by remoteness and technological gaps.

The resident population will have access to improved services, with more efficient structures and more accessible networks of services in the sectors of health care, and social services, including cultural and sport facilities. Vulnerable communities, due

No significant adverse environmental impacts expected. Positive environmental impacts can be achieved if renovations of buildings allow demonstrations of good environmental practices.

Direct positive impact on public health expected

Supported facilities should also ideally demonstrate good environmental practices: e.g. easy accessibility for public transport, energy efficiency and sound waste collection.



modern and efficient health care services, social services, services supporting the access to primary education.

to remoteness or demographic structure will have ensured new services adapted to their specific needs.

Disadvantaged groups will experience improved access to social services with specific actions of information and assistance. Cross border networks and platforms will be established in order to exploit synergies, and to share strategies for common needs of social inclusion. Cross border mobility of active population will be facilitated, with shared benefits to the local economic systems.

due to promotion of access and use of health and social services and education (marked by green colour) that will positively influence the following core determinants of health: health services, social support networks and education.

1.3: To enhance the potential of the programme area for an inclusive growth, Increasing cultural and social integration in the cross-border area promoting innovative services and networks, reducing the impact of constraints due to remoteness and marginalisation of border areas.

Creation of infrastructures for social and cultural inclusion.

Establishment of Partnerships for the promotion of a lively cultural environment, integrated across the border, ensuring integration of ethnic groups and inclusion of minorities and disadvantaged groups.

Support to the access to tertiary education offered to young population by networks of tertiary education centres established across the border.

Resident population will have access to cultural and social services integrated in cross border networks, facilitating cultural integration of ethnic groups, and cross border interaction.

Disadvantaged groups will have opportunities to experience cultural services, with the support of innovative instruments, like social enterprises, non-profit groups. NGOs and non-profit local bodies active in cultural services on the two sides of the border will share good practices and innovative solutions for the improvement of the quality of cultural environment.

No significant risk to the environment expected.

Minor indirect positive impacts on public health expected due to increase of cultural and social integration in the cross-border area (marked by green colour) that may positively affect cultural determinants of heath.

None.

Priority Axis 2: Environmental protection and risk managementSpecific objective

Results sought Assessment Recommendations

2.1 Enhancing protection and sustainable use of natural resources, the improvement of capacity and the extension of actions of

Public organizations of the two sides of the border establishing permanent networks and partnerships for the monitoring and management of environmental resources.

Inhabitants better informed on natural resources quality

Significant positive environmental impacts expected. Positive Impacts can be enhanced by maximizing synergy with interventions under

None



organisations and bodies involved in environmental protection and sustainable use of natural resources. Promoting cross border networks for education and studies on environmental resources.

and vulnerability, becoming proactive subjects of environmental protection.

Education on environmental protection actions and methodologies improved, with the establishment of cross-border initiatives. Knowledge on environmental resources improved with cross border partnerships.

Managerial and technological innovations for the environmental protection tailored to the local needs, with the exchange of knowledge and experiences in the two sides of the border and transferred to the local administrations.

Local and national bodies actively integrated in the strategies for the protection and promotion of environmental resources in the Danube Basin Macro Region.

Enhancement of the capacity of local institutions to protect and promote natural resources, through the creation or the rehabilitation of infrastructures and equipment for the provision of innovative services in the field.

environmental objectives of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR)


2.2 To enhance capacity to face environmental risks, enabling cross-border interoperability and joint actions for innovative systems of environmental protection, mitigation and prevention of environmental accidents and disasters, emergency reaction, preparedness and awareness in case of environmental emergencies.

Environmental risks management and emergency preparedness.

Improvement of cross-border interoperability of organisations and bodies involved in disaster resilience and disaster management systems and emergency preparedness.

Increase of the capacity of local administrations and public bodies competent for early cross-border identification and assessment of the situation in case of environmental accidents and natural disasters, and joint environmental protective actions.

Local and national bodies active in the area better integrated in the Danube Basin International systems and organizations for the management of environmental risks and emergencies.

Same as above None



Improvement of the capacity of local institutions to play and active and efficient role in interventions for environmental emergencies, due to natural events or industrial accidents, through the creation or rehabilitation of infrastructure and equipment.

Priority Axis 3: Sustainable Mobility and AccessibilitySpecific objective


3.1 Promote the achievement of improved and homogenous quality standard in public transport, especially in remote areas through improved sustainability and efficiency of transport infrastructure and mobility services within the cross-border area and the area’s integration in the main EU transport corridors.

Mobility and transport infrastructures and services improved and more sustainable:

Improvement of cross border mobility, security and integration;

Improvement of accessibility of remote marginal areas;

Enhancement of integration of local transport infrastructures and services in the main European transport corridors, especially the water ways connected to the Danube corridor;

Production of feasibility analysis on key transport infrastructures, improving regional national and international connection to transport networks, enabling the regional and national authorities to integrate CBC strategies in National, macroregional and European transport strategies.

Population in the area experiencing improved accessibility to local and external destinations, through improved services and or improved infrastructure, with lower environmental impact;

Population commuting across the border for economic and social, cultural activities experiencing improved services for border crossing, due to improved technologies and infrastructure;

Tourist mobility improved and extended in the area, based on new services, and infrastructure;

The proposed transport intervention marked in red may lead to adverse environmental or health impacts.

Possible impacts can be however managed through a rigorous application of environmental assessments (EIAs, SEAs, and transboundary consultations when needed) and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where relevant). The OP implementation however must ensure that such assessment are undertaken (when applicable) during preparations of specific interventions.

Consider adding a new result: ´ Joint initiatives on improvements of public transport and intermodal connections ´. This result should receive priority attention.

3.2 Promote the achievement of improved and homogenous quality standard

Public utilities infrastructures and networks:

Creation of the improved accessibility to state-of-the-art and efficient public

On strategic level addressed by this programme, the proposed interventions do not

Ensure that infrastructural interventions undergo EIAs/SEAs (when needed)



in public infrastructures for basic services, especially in remote areas through improved and enlarged access to modern and efficient public utilities services (incl. Internet, energy)

utilities (access to internet, utilities: waste, water, energy) in the light of technological options, economic constraints, environmental requirements and demographic change;

Establishment of cross border partnerships for the implementation of innovative solutions for the access to public services, especially for remote areas and marginalized communities;

Population experiencing improved access to public utilities and services, based on innovative solutions shared across the border;

Remote areas receiving tailored assistance to facilitate removal of obstacles to the access to IT services and public utilities;

Disadvantaged groups enabled to easier access to utility and services, with targeted information and awareness rising actions;

pose significant adverse environmental or health impacts - provided that new infrastructure is subject to rigorous scrutiny through environmental assessments and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where relevant).

Infrastructural interventions marked in green are expected to have positive impacts on the environment and health.

and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where applicable).

Priority Axis 4: Attractiveness for sustainable tourismSpecific objective


4.1 Developing the local tourism economy, based on the promotion of a sustainable cultural and recreational use of the natural and cultural heritage.Promoting growth of national and international demands for the tourism services and attractions in the eligible area, creating innovative cultural and leisure tourism attractions based on the common natural and cultural resources, improving attractiveness of networks and cross border tourism trails.

Increase of the national and international demand for cross border networks of tourism clusters, attracting various tourists categories, cultural business, naturalistic, especially from and international markets;

Integration of local tourism attractions in the international networks of the Danube Basin.

Establishment of a common brand and image for the local touristic offer attracting additional demand;

Increase of the occupancy rate of tourist infrastructures, in all areas and for the diversified typologies of tourism;

Establishment of touristic networks across the border, exploiting synergies and sharing innovative management and technological solutions.

No adverse significant impact on environment or health expected.Positive environmental impacts can be achieved if interventions address opportunities arising from eco/agri-tourisms.

Ensure to address opportunities arising from eco/agri-tourisms.



Growth of the local tourism economy based on enhancement of quality of tourism services, based on a sustainable use of the natural and cultural heritage.Enhancing capacities and skills for the improvement of quality and quantity of tourism services and products in common networks and partnerships on the two sided of the border.Improving the quality and sustainability of tourist infrastructure and the accessibility of the aforementioned resources

Enhancement of capacities among entrepreneurs and workers of the tourist sector, for the improvement of the quality of tourists services, and the diversification of tourist products;

Improvement of the information and knowledge on local natural and cultural resources for the creation of innovative products and the establishment of conservation strategies.

The improvement of the quality of tourist services offered in joint networks;

The improvement of conservation and protection strategies, based on researches and studies carried out by partnerships of research institutions and specialized agencies.

Preservation of natural and cultural heritage, through targeted investments in rehabilitation and restoration.



New tourist services should consider carrying capacity for sustainable use of the respective natural and cultural heritage sites and the any applicable conservation limits.

Priority Axis 5: Technical assistanceSpecific objective


5.1 The aim of the priority is the promotion of an effective and efficient implementation of the Programme ensuring the effective functioning of the Programme bodies, and committeesThe efficient execution of all stages of the programme cycle and project implementation, starting from the project generation stage, the control and audit activities, the execution of programme monitoring and evaluation

Effective absorption of funds Certified expenditures on

planned allocation by the deadlines established

Number of meetings of programme bodies

Number of projects calls implemented

Number of interim programme evaluations implemented

Number of events for information and promotion

No significant impact

None



activities.

The implementation of actions for the visibility of the programme strategy and results among target groups and stakeholders.

Assessment of Thematic Areas and Actions to be supported

Priority Axis 1. Employment promotion and basic services strengthening for an inclusive growthThematic area Indicative list of actions to be

supportedAssessment Recommendati

onsTA 1 ”Employment and labour mobility"

Set up of joint initiatives and smart growth mechanisms including cross border networks for the identification of potentials of employment, including in the innovative sectors and the removal of obstacles to the access to adequate education, training and ultimately to the labor market by the target group including disadvantaged groups.

Set up of joint initiatives, including integrated services targeting young people, to promote their access to the labour market;

Set up of cross border initiatives for the capitalization of potentials and facilitation of cross border mobility in the local labor markets.

Joint initiatives, cooperation, exchange of information/experience, coordination of activities and services among professional associations for the promotion of employment, vocational training and entrepreneurial initiatives, especially among young unemployed, women, disadvantaged groups.

Development of cross-border services for adult trainings, assistance to job seekers, assistance to returning emigrants for the re-integration in the local labour market.

No significant risks to the environment expected. Positive environmental impacts can be achieved if interventions address job opportunities related to smart (green) growth.

Minor indirect positive impact on public health expected due to promotion of access to jobs will positively affect income and social status (marked in green colour) which are one of the core determinants of health.

Consider business and job development opportunities related to smart growth - e.g. in eco-agriculture, energy saving, renewable energy (bio-gas, geo-thermal, solar, small hydro, biofuels, wind, etc.), waste management and resource reuse, etc.

TA 2 ”Health and social infrastructures”

Set up of cross-border platforms and networks for planning and provision of health and social services, targeting also remote communities and disadvantaged groups.

Joint studies and researches for the identification of innovative technological solutions for the organization of effective networks for basic services provision

Set up of monitoring services for the

No significant adverse environmental impacts expected. Positive environmental impacts can be achieved if renovations of buildings allow

Development or modernization of buildings must meet all applicable environmental requirements and should ideally demonstrate good



identification of needs and the quantification of demands for new social and health services generated by demographic and social dynamics, like aging, and migration

Development and modernization (including procurement of equipment) of public social services and centres;

Construction, rehabilitation, modernization (including procurement of equipment) of health centres, hospitals and health services improvement;

demonstrations of good environmental practices.

Direct positive impact on public health expected due to promotion of access and use of health and social services and education (marked by green colour) that will positively influence the following core determinants of health: health services, social support networks and education.

environmental practices - e.g. easy accessibility for public transport, energy efficiency, sound waste collection, etc.

TA 3 ”Social and cultural inclusion”

Set up of cross-border frameworks, and networks for the strengthening of the cross-border cultural exchange;

Design cross-border actions for social, educational and cultural inclusion through innovative solutions such as social enterprises, voluntary organisations, special interest groups etc.

Creation of partnerships for joint actions for the promotion of access to tertiary education, through information, mentoring and tutoring services offered specially to students completing secondary education.

Investments in infrastructure and equipment for cross-border actions for sport, education and cultural activities, to facilitate and promote social inclusion.

Joint actions for a better participation of all social groups, actors and users in the design and delivery of cultural services, educational services, childhood education, and services of general interest.

Set up models and test pilot actions for the prevention of early school leaving, including among disadvantaged groups.

Set-up of joint planning groups for cooperation between public services organizations;

No significant risk to the environment expected.

Minor indirect positive impacts on public health expected due to increase of cultural and social integration in the cross-border area (marked by green colour) that may positively affect cultural determinants of heath.

None.

Priority Axis 2: Environmental protection and risk managementThematic area Indicative list of actions to be


ons



TA 1 Environmental protection and sustainable use of natural resources.

Set up of cross-border frameworks, platforms and networks for the exchange of experience and the identification of needs for entities involved or interested in environmental protection;

Development of joint training and actions, including awareness programmes for relevant organisations and the general public, including educational institutions in the field of environmental protection and use of natural resources;

Establishment and enhancement of cross border partnerships and networks in the field of natural resources, biodiversity, technologies for environmental protection, for the identification and transfer of innovations tailored to the local needs.

Establishment and enhancement of cross border partnerships and networks in the field of energy efficiency, renewable energy, , such as usage of geothermal hot springs, water, sun and wind power for producing electric energy, including investments in infrastructure and equipment based on common and tailored technical solutions.

Investment in infrastructure and equipment for environmental protection and use of natural resources;

Establishment of networks and partnerships for joint training actions for public entities and local communities in the field of environmental protection, enhancement of pollution control strategies and systems; conduction of joint trainings and maintenance of interoperability including the purchase of compatible equipment.

Joint initiatives and investments in infrastructure and equipment for the implementation of technologies for the control of pollution and rehabilitation of rivers and brown fields and industrial areas with common problems on the two sides of the border ;

Restoration of natural areas (e.g. woods and river banks) to prevent floods and land slides.

Joint activities for the protection of endangered species

Significant positive environmental impacts expected due to interventions marked by green colour.


Focus interventions on the following regional priority issues relevant to the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR): i.e. ecological and chemical status of water bodies, indigenous species (especially Danube sturgeon species), status of all species and habitats covered by EU nature legislation, invasive species.

TA 2 Environmental risks

Development of joint structures and partnerships for the integration of the involved

Significant positive environmental

Focus interventions on the following



management and emergency preparedness

entities on initiatives in relation to the Danube Strategy (Danube River Basin Management, ICPDR initiatives, European Floods Alert System etc.), including the investments in infrastructure and equipment;

Establishment and enhancement of cross border liaison in the environmental planning of the involved entities including joint risk mapping of accident risk spots, risk assessment and evaluation exercises;

Ensuring and promotion of data availability and the integration of management approaches in national and international networks;

Establishment of networks and partnerships for joint training actions for public entities and local communities in the field of management of environmental emergencies; joint trainings and maintenance of interoperability including the purchase of compatible equipment;

Establishment of joint services for the management and control of risks generated by hot spots of industrial pollution;

Joint actions dedicated to preparing children/ youth to respond to emergency situations, including i.a school camps, trainings;

Investments in infrastructure and equipment for risk management and emergency preparedness.

impacts expected due to interventions marked by green colour.


regional priority issues relevant to the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR): source of water pollution, accidental risk, and flooding.

Priority Axis 3: Sustainable Mobility and AccessibilityThematic area Indicative list of actions to be


onsTA 1 “Mobility and transport infrastructure and services”

Establishment and enhancement of cross-border partnerships of the relevant authorities for the planning physical infrastructure;

Joint studies for the preparation of cross-border infrastructure investments with emphasis on multimodal solutions;

Construction/ rehabilitation/ widening of the cross-border crossing points and/ or the road infrastructure leading to the cross-border crossing points;

Improvement/ acceleration of procedures linked to mobility of persons and goods within the eligible area;

Construction/ rehabilitation/ widening of cross-border roads

The proposed transport intervention marked in red may lead to adverse environmental or health impacts.

Possible impacts can be however managed through a rigorous application of environmental assessments (EIAs, SEAs, and transboundary

Ensure that transport interventions undergo EIAs/SEAs (when needed) and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where applicable).

When transboundary impacts may arise, these EIAs/SEAs should include transboundary



connecting settlements alongside the border and/or small remote villages with main road, which leads to the border;

Construction/ rehabilitation/ widening of roads linking to the national/ international systems as well as to economic sites of cross-border interest;

Construction/ rehabilitation/ widening Rehabilitation/ widening of roads connecting settlements within the eligible area;

Creation, rehabilitation/ modernization of information/promotion centres on cross-border economic cooperation;

Development and implementation of an integrated and environmentally friendly cross-border transport connections;

Creation of public cross-border cooperation networks;

Creation or modernization of cross-border logistics facilities/ centres;

Development of inter-modal transport services within the eligible area;

Development of transport on the Danube and on other rivers within the eligible area, including investments in infrastructure and purchase of equipment for ports and water related mobility

Construction/ rehabilitation/ widening of the road infrastructure and cross-border crossing points;

consultations when needed) and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where relevant). The OP implementation however must ensure that such assessment are undertaken (when applicable) during preparations of specific interventions.

consultations under the Espoo Convention. This IPA CBP programme is ideally positioned to deliver good example of transboundary EIAs or SEAs.

TA 2 “Public utilities infrastructure“

Set up cross-border frameworks, platforms and networks for the exchange of experience and the identification of needs for public services organizations/service providers Development and implementation of locally adapted solutions for investments in public utilities infrastructure (e.g. small-scale water treatment, access to ICT, renewable energy) within the areas facing similar challenges on both sides of the border;

Creation of necessary internet infrastructure for cross-border cooperation networks;

Studies for cooperation with the scope of better resources usage for improving public services/utility delivering;

Support cooperation among public services organizations;


Infrastructural interventions

Ensure that infrastructural interventions undergo EIAs/SEAs (when needed) and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where applicable).



marked in green are expected to have positive impacts on the environment and health.

Priority Axis 4: Attractiveness for sustainable tourismThematic area Indicative list of actions to be


onsTA 1 “Investments for the growth of the demand of local tourism networks and promotion of innovative tourism activities

Organization of knowledge transfer, exchange of good practice examples, networking and development of innovations for protection of natural and cultural heritage and sustainable tourism;

Development of a cross-border regional image, brand and joint marketing initiatives,

Development of distinct tourism products (e.g. monasteries, Roman heritage, wine routes, etc.) and integrated tourism services;

Joint implementation of actions recording and promoting shared traditional features (music, language, folklore, etc.) including joint cultural events (festivals conferences, etc.) in relation to the aforementioned indicative actions.

Investments in cross-border infrastructure for tourism services (tourist centres, welcome centres, info-points, service centres in the touristic sector)

Investments in the touristic sector for the provision of innovative services, including infrastructure, for specific forms of tourism, like cultural tourism, thematic tourism, etc.

Promotion of tourism infrastructure and touristic objectives;

Development and rehabilitation of specific tourism routes, including installation of road signs and bilingual tourist information signs;

Construction/ rehabilitation/ widening of access infrastructure to tourism attractions e.g. tourist roads within tourism areas, roads providing access to these areas, walking and cycle paths, facilities for adventure tourism;

Investments in upgrading and rehabilitation of natural and cultural sites (e.g: religious monuments, traditional buildings and settlements, historical and archaeological sites, etc).

Development, modernization of infrastructure of tourism attractions/ objectives;


Positive environmental impacts can be achieved if interventions address opportunities arising from eco/agri-tourisms.

Ensure that infrastructural interventions undergo EIAs/SEAs (when needed) and assessments of impacts on Natura 2000 network (where applicable).



TA 2 “Capacity building initiatives for the improvement of quality and innovation of tourism services and products”

Establishment of partnership for research and studies on natural and cultural heritage in the area;

Support of the creation of common brand and the improvement of quality standards of the services offered’

Support for the development of cross-border tourist offers;

Trainings for the improvement of tourism services;

Strategies, exchange of experience in touristic sector



New tourist services should consider carrying capacity for sustainable use of the respective natural and cultural heritage sites and the any applicable conservation limits.


Thematic area Indicative list of actions to be supported

Assessment Recommendations

5.1 The aim of the priority is the promotion of an effective and efficient implementation of the Programme ensuring the effective functioning of the Programme bodies, and committeesThe efficient execution of all stages of the programme cycle and project implementation, starting from the project generation stage, the control and audit activities, the execution of programme monitoring and evaluation activities.

The implementation of actions for the visibility of the programme strategy and results among target groups and stakeholders.

Establishment and operation of the Joint Technical Secretariat and JTA Antenna,

Design and implementation of a communication and visibility strategy;

Management of the Programme by the Managing Authority with support of the Joint Technical Secretariat;

Establishment and operation of the Programme Monitoring Committee

Establishment of co-operation and co-ordination networks and contacts among Programme bodies and Partner States, as well as with bodies and representatives of other relevant EU-co-funded programmes by MA, JTS, FLC and for promotion and information of the programme objectives;

Setting up appropriate procedures, materials and actions for the selection and implementation of projects, preparation of guidelines for applicants, project proposal generation and for project implementation;

Establishment of a IT system for monitoring, evaluation, financial management, verification and audit, including data on individual participants in projects;

Creation of ICT tools for information and communication, web sites, emailing, etc.

Design and implementation of an evaluation plan;

Execution of studies, analysis and surveys on the programme activities and impact for the

Technical assistance should include provisions of resources for consideration of environmental issues during design of interventions that may affect environment and undertaking of any applicable environmental assessments.

Include budgets for consideration of environmental issues during design of interventions that may affect environment and undertaking of any applicable environmental assessments.

Start applicable environmental assessments in early design stage of respective interventions.



promotion and information among the broader public

Setting-up of the bodies and procedures for first level control.

Setting up and implementation of audit system with regard to the Programme management and control systems.

5 MEASURES ENVISAGED CONCERNING MONITORING

Summary

We have considered whether any of the identified impacts require systemic monitoring on the level of the proposed programme and evaluated applicability of the proposed programme indicators for collecting any relevant environmental data. When doing so, we have reviewed the proposed Result Indicators and Output Indicators for each of the Priority Axis.

Following on earlier recommendations made within this SEA, we are suggesting the following modifications of the proposed monitoring framework of the programme:

Priority Axes Recommendations formulated within this SEA

Priority Axis 1. Employment promotion and basic services strengthening for an inclusive growth

Consider adding a new output indicator PA1.OI6 ´Joint cross border actions targeting smart (green) growth opportunities´


Consider inclusion of new specific output indicator PA3.OI4 ´Joint initiatives on improvements of public transport and intermodal connections´


Ensure that result Indicator PA4.RI1 covers also eco/agro tourism since it is an emerging sector within tourism industry that should be monitored for possible future support in the post 2020 programming period


None



The detailed overview of the proposed monitoring framework for the programme and its assessment is provided in the tables below.

Assessment of the proposed monitoring framework for the programme

Monitoring framework for Priority Axis 1: Employment promotion and basic services strengthening for an inclusive growth

Result Indicators Output Indicators Assessment Recommendation

PA1.RI1: Active Population experiencing improved access to labour market. Innovative services assisting job seekers permanently established, information on job opportunities available in marginal areas, disadvantaged groups receiving assistance and information on job opportunities.

PA1.RI2: Population experiencing access to improved basic services in health care and education. Innovative, high quality services permanently created and available in marginal areas, preventive care, cultural activities and services, sport activities.

PA1.RI3: Population experiencing lively cultural life in a cross border setting. Population, especially in marginal areas, accessing various opportunities for cultural and social activities, permanently offered in joint initiatives across the border.

PA1.OI1: Citizens involved in projects activities in cultural, social health care services.

PA1.OI2: Cross border cooperation structures supported in the field of labour market

PA1.OI3: Investments in health care and social services infrastructures.

PA1.OI4: Disadvantaged persons involved in projects activities

PA1.OI5: Joint, cross border actions targeting vulnerable groups (youngsters, women) established for the prevention of early school leaving, for cultural inclusion

Indicators appear adequate.

From environmental perspective, it would be beneficial to add indicator related to job opportunities related to green growth, provided such indicator would fit into logic of overall intervention.

Consider adding a new output indicator PA1.OI6: Joint cross border actions targeting smart (green) growth opportunities.

Monitoring framework for Priority Axis 2: Environmental protection and risk management


PA2.RI1: Awareness on the potential of environmental resources and the benefits of protection. Resident population informed on quality and quantity of environmental resources in the eligible area, and on the benefits of protection actions.

PA2.OI1: Infrastructures, equipment built/installed /enhanced in the field of cross border services for environmental protection

PA2.OI2: Participants to project initiatives and events for information and awareness rising


However, it would be beneficial to analyze contribution of the PA2 to EUSDR environmental protection

None



PA2.RI2: Capacity for emergency interventions and management in case of natural disasters and environmental accidents

PA2.RI3: Potential for cross-border interoperability for environmental protection and emergency interventions, based on shared procedures and technologies

PA2.OI3: Participants to capacity building initiatives

PA2.OI4: Monitoring systems (with databases) established /extended in the eligible area in the field of environmental protection and emergency management.

PA2.OI5: Studies in the field of environmental protection and emergency management. (technical and scientific studies, researches in the relevant fields)

objectives.

Monitoring framework for Priority Axis 3: Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility


PA3.RI1: Population accessing to sustainable and efficient public mobility and transport services.Population having access to improved local transport infrastructures, faster connections to main corridors, efficient border crossing services, transport services using innovative technologies.

PA3.RI2: Vehicles crossing the border. Traffic across the border for social, commercial and touristic activities and exchanges.

PA3.RI3: Population accessing sustainable and efficient public utilities networks (energy, water, ICT). Access to improved utility services based on innovative technologies, access to efficient and sustainable energy sources, especially in marginal and remote territories.

PA3.OI1: Cross border cooperation structures supported in the field of transport and public utilities

PA3.OI2: Studies related to the implementation of selected projects or the realisation of actions in the field of transport and mobility infrastructures

PA3.OI3: Investments in transport and utilities infrastructures, including improvement, enhancement of existing infrastructures

PA3.OI4: Participants to information / training / awareness raising initiatives in the field of transport and public utilities.


It is assumed that specific monitoring systems for potential environmental risks related to infrastructure will be designed during their respective EIAs or environmental permitting processes. Since the expected impacts are relatively minor and do not represent a systemic issue of concern, there is no need to address them through monitoring at the level of this OP.

It would be nevertheless beneficial to monitoring of results of interventions related to public transport and intermodal connections.

Consider inclusion of new specific output indicator PA3.OI4 on ´Joint initiatives on improvements of public transport and intermodal connections.



Monitoring framework for Priority Axis 4: Attractiveness for sustainable tourism


PA4.RI1: Number of tourists arrivals in the eligible area. Flows of visitors in the area for all forms of tourism activities.

PA4.RI2: Nights spent by tourists in the eligible area. Time spent by tourists in the area, for all types of touristic activities

PA4.RI3: Perceived quality of touristic services and natural and cultural resources protection. Visitors perception of quality of touristic services and preservation and accessibility of natural and cultural resources

PA4.OI1: Cross border cooperation structures supported in the field of tourism

PA4.OI2: Studies related to the implementation of selected projects or research and studies in the field of natural and cultural resources

PA4.OI3: Number of participants attending training initiatives

PA4.OI4: Joint brands and communication instruments created, covering the whole eligible areas

PA4.OI5: Partnerships for the exchange of good practices and the promotion of joint initiatives established


It would be nevertheless useful to obtain also information on eco/agro tourism because it is growing sector within tourism industry with high growth potential.

Ensure that result Indicator PA4.RI1 covers also eco/agro tourism since it is an emerging sector within tourism industry that should be monitored for possible future support in the post 2020 programming period.

Monitoring framework for Priority Axis 5: Technical assistance


PA5.RI1: Effective absorption of fundsCertified expenditures on planned allocation by the deadlines established

PA5.OI1: Number of meetings of programme bodies

PA5.OI2: Number of projects calls implemented

PA5.OI3: Number of interim programme evaluations implemented

PA5.OI4: Number of events for information and promotion


None

According to the SEA Directive Article 10, significant environmental effects of implementation of plans and programmes shall be monitored in order to identify at an early stage unforeseen adverse effects, and to be able to undertake appropriate remedial action.The proposed monitoring system was developed on the basis of the relevant environmental objectives. These objectives represent those environmental areas and themes, which can be substantially influenced by the implementation of the programme. Therefore, the impact on the environment generated by the implementation of the programme will be assessed depending on extent to which the programme will influence the achievement of these objectives.



The following indicators will be used:Indicators for monitoring the environmental impacts

Indicators

• Contribution to energy efficiency, renewable energy use and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

• Contribution to efficient water supply, waste-water treatment and water reuse

• Application of green public procurement in a systematic manner

• Contribution to efficient waste management, re-use and recycling

• Contribution to the development of green infrastructures including Natura 2000 sites on the Romanian side and equivalent natural protected areas on the Serbian side;

• Contribution to reduced transport and mobility-related air pollution;

• Contribution to enhanced awareness of adaptation to climate change and risk prevention;

• Contribution to more employment opportunities, education, training and support services in the context of environment protection, risk management and sustainable development etc.

The estimated decrease of greenhouse gas emissions, the increase in energy efficiency and in renewable energy production are EU 2020 headline target indicators and should be monitored across supported operations.The contribution of each project to these principles will be addressed in a qualitative manner in the frame of project selection and programme monitoring and evaluation. The relevant actors involved in monitoring of environmental factors and effects include: final beneficiaries of projects financed under the OP, the Joint Secretariat National Authority and the Managing Authority for the OP. The monitoring indicators will be used to monitor environmental effects based on the characteristics of the projects selected for funding. The environmental criteria used within the project evaluation and selection will be further used for the monitoring of the project. By monitoring and summarising the single projects´ monitoring results, it will then be



possible to estimate the overall environmental effect on the relevant environmental issues.Monitoring data on the environmental effects of the OP should be provided by the project owners together with the final project reports at the end of the projects implementation. Managing Authority and the Joint Secretariat should request the data at the end of each project implemented as a minimum.The data on the above-mentioned indicators should be provided by the monitoring systems of the projects that followed EIA procedure (for which the beneficiaries have the responsibility to monitor the intensity of the effects generated by the project on the affected environmental components). The data will be collected annually, will be submitted for analysis to the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change and will be included in the annual report presented to the Monitoring Committee. The monitoring tools established by the programme management structures shall be used when collecting the environmental data. In addition, relevant statistical information (State Environmental Report, Romanian Statistical Yearbook) will be used whenever relevant. The relevant ex-post report will be used as well.The data needed to carry out this task will be collected from the monitoring of the above-mentioned indicators as well as from the Environmental Impact Assessments carried out during the programme implementation and when it’s necessary from the authorities holding the relevant environmental information (such as the competent environmental protection authorities, public health authorities, etc.)The projects financed through this OP will fully comply with the EU and national environmental legislation (i.e. EIA/SEA, Habitats and Birds Directives, Water Frame Directive).

* * * * * * * * *



www.romania-serbia.net


GRDP’s Handbook on SEA in SFs - Romania -...

Documents

Transcript of GRDP’s Handbook on SEA in SFs - Romania -...