Graphology for Beginners (ABGalgo 2008)
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For Beginners Arnel B. Galgo 08232008 “Understanding a Person Through Handwriting Analysis” Pro-Life Philippines Foundation, Inc. 23 August 2008
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Transcript of Graphology for Beginners (ABGalgo 2008)
For Beginners
Arnel B. Galgo 08232008
“Understanding a Person Through Handwriting Analysis”
Pro-Life Philippines Foundation, Inc.
23 August 2008
Graphology
Noun (fr. French “graphologie”; etymology, Greek words “graphein” to
write/ writing + “logos” study/ discourse): it is the study of handwriting, and the
inferring of character or aptitude from it.
What is “GRAPHOLOGY”?...
“A technique of observation and interpretation, enables the
personality to be studied through the examination of handwriting.”
(Graphologist European Code of Conduct 1992)
2 A.B. Galgo 2008
Forensic (Questioned Document
Examination)
Modern Graphology
Script-Psychology;
Personality
Psychology (Personality & Behavior
Assessment thru
Handwriting Analysis)
Research,
Development
and Education (From Brain to
Script)
3 A.B. Galgo 2008
Graphology can tell how the writer thinks, feels and behaves but it cannot tell the
writer’s…
…although knowing the first five before making an analysis will be of help…
Age Gender Handedness Religious Belief Race Future
4 A.B. Galgo 2008
Observing the written notes (1000BC-1110AD)…300 BC, Aristotle: Philosopher (Greece). "Spoken words are the symbols of mental experience and written words are the symbols of spoken words. Just as all men have not the same speech sounds, so all men have not the same writing".
Reading the Writer (1660s-1860)…1662, Camillo Baldi: Professor - philosophy, medicine (Italy). Published a study presenting a first method for judging a writer's nature from his letter formations; 1830, Abbé Flandrin: Priest, teacher (France) Collected for thirty years thousands of writings and classified them by "elements of design in handwriting". Interpretation was a trait-for-a-stroke method.
Birth and Early Development (1888-1920s)…1872, Abbé Jean Hippolyte Michon: Priest, teacher (France). Coined the word 'graphology'. Published two very popular books - "Les Mystères de l'écriture" (1872) and "La Methode pratique de graphologie" (1878). 888-1914, Jean Crépieux-Jamin: Psychologist (France) The first 'Scientific Graphologist'. Developed the theory of resultants which stressed that the whole writing must be considered; 1920's, Max Pulver: Philosopher and Psychologist (Switzerland). Developed the use of three zones of writing. Upper zone - abstract thinking; Middle zone - emotion; Lower zone - biological factors.
5 A.B. Galgo 2008
From Observation to a Developing Science (1930s-1996)…
1945, Max Pulver: Professor of Psychology (Switzerland) Wrote "Symbolik der Handschrift" which broadened graphic interpretations by applying psychoanalytical methods of Freud, Adler, Jung and Steckel; 1975, Shafir A, Hirsch M & Shepps S: Psychologists (Israel) first used graphology in conjunction with Bender, Gestalt, Draw-a-person and Rorschach testing methods in a research project using Jewish victims of the Holocaust,
1940-45
Modern Graphology (1990s-Present)…1990's Beyerstein BL&DF Evaluations of Graphology - the Write Stuff Evaluations of Graphology: Research and debate by Graphologists and Critics; Mid 90's Starzecpyzel Daubert hearing in U.S. Court found that forensic document examination "does not employ rigorous methodology". The finding leads to increased efforts to pursue scientific methods and standards in forensic handwriting analysis. Experimentation and research continue.
6 A.B. Galgo 2008
Central Nervous System
The Writing Organ and Tools
(The Hand, Pen and Paper)
“On the Physiology of Handwriting” (Preyer, 1895) Dr. Preyer stablished that similar styles can be achieved when the
pen was held by either right or left hand, foot or mouth, establishing
that handwriting was centrally organized by the brain and not the
appendage. He first coined and used the word “brain writing”.
“BRAIN WRITING”
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The Projective Techniques
The PROJECTIVE HYPHOTHESIS
(Lawrence Frank, 1939):
When people try to understand vague or
ambiguous unstructured stimuli, the interpretation
they produce reflects/projects their
needs, feelings, experience, prior conditioning, thought
processes.
CATEGORIES (Lindzey, 1959)
• Association (Rorschach Inkblot Test-Rorschach,1921)
• Construction (DAP-Machover,1949 and TAT-Murray & Morgan, 1938 )
• Completion (Incomplete Sentences Blank-Rotter,1950)
• Arrangement/Selection (Luscher Color Test-Luscher & Scott, 1969)
• Expression (Puppet Play-Woltman,1960 and Handwriting Analysis-Beyerstein,1992)
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I like __________________________
My greatest fear ________________
GRAPHOLOGY AS A PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUE…
Herman
Rorschach’s
Inkblot Test (1921)
Julian Rotter’s Sentence
Completion (1950)
Murray’s Thematic
Apperception Test (1930)
Jean-Hippolyte Michon 9 A.B. Galgo 2008
STEP 1 – Specimen obtained
STEP 2 – Graphologist briefed on required
information
STEP 3 – Handwriting is examined
STEP 4 – An oral or written report
STEP 5 – Info used with other sources
10 A.B. Galgo 2008
The COPYBOOK Form of Writing
US Copybook (1937 Palmer)
German Copybook (1968) 11 A.B. Galgo 2008
Upper Zone (UZ)
Lower Zone (LZ)
Middle Zone (MZ) Starting
Stroke
(SS)
Up Stroke (US)
Down Stroke (DS) Oval
Loops End Stroke (ES)
family
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French School: Atomistic-see things as
composition of many, often
disparate elements
German School: Holistic-the whole is greater
than the sum of its part
(Gestalt)
General Layout:
Margin
Spacing
Zones
Spacing
between words
Flying “t-bar”
Looped “y” and “g”;
long lower zone
touching the next line
Direction
Right Slant
Anchor
Strokes
1. Picture of Space: how the
writer sees the world
2. Picture of Movement: how
the writer acts in the world
3. Picture of Form: how the
writer sees himself
13 A.B. Galgo 2008
• Layout: Adaptability of the
writer to the environment
(Margins, Spacing, Zones)
• Dimension: Self-concept,
degree of initiative, sense of
detail, emotional and
intellectual elements (Size and
Width)
• Pressure: Intensity and
originality of personality,
vitality, instinct and state of
health
• Form: Continuity of thoughts,
memory, originality, aptitude,
character (Connections)
Speed: Intelligence, energy, concentration, confidence
Direction: Stability of behavior, orientation; state of mind, disposition.
Particular Signs (signatures, the capital letter “I”, the I-dots, t-bars, ovals like the letter “o” and “a”, initial and end stroke, etc.)
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No Margin
Wide Right
Margin
Large Top
Margin
Wide Left
Margin
Typographic
Margin
Large Bottom
Margin
Concave Margin
Convex Margin
15 A.B. Galgo 2008
Large (8-10mm) Small (2-5mm)
Wide Lean
16 A.B. Galgo 2008
Left Slant Right Slant Vertical Slant
family
EXALTATION The Conscious/Intellectuality/Ambition/
Idealism/Spirituality
EXCITATION The Unconscious/Materialistic Interests/
Impulses/Sexuality/Instincts
EXPANSION Activity/Extraversion/
Masculinity/Father/
Future/The World/
Altruism
REPRESSION Passivity/Introversion/
Feminity/Mother/
Past/The “I”/
Egocentrism
“Symbolism of Space” (Max Pulver, 1953) 17 A.B. Galgo 2008
Angular Garland
Arcade Filiform 18 A.B. Galgo 2008
SLOW FAST
Left and Vertical Slant Right Slant
Oval/ Arcade/ Garland with Vertical Slant
Angular Garland with Right Slant
Lean/Cramp/Restraint Fat/Spaced-out/Expansive
Heavy Pressure/Pasty Light Pressure
Printed/Disconnected Connected
Heavy Light
19 A.B. Galgo 2008
COMMUNICATING STROKES A Professor-to-Student Written Dialogue
20 A.B. Galgo 2008
Tips for Beginners:
• Buy or acquire books on graphology, read more and learn more;
• Attend more seminars and listen, learn and work with others;
• Learn basic Psychology, especially on Personality Psychology;
• Collect handwriting samples and be familiar with the different forms and characters of different handwritings;
• Acquire the basic instruments: straight ruler, magnifying glass and protractor; and
• Practice doing analyses. Practice always makes perfect.
21 A.B. Galgo 2008
• Cameron, Ellen “Understanding Graphology:
A Systematic Course in Handwriting Analysis”, HarperCollins, 1995.
• Desenclos, Hubert “Understanding Graphology: How to Interpret Handwriting”, Tiger Books, 1995.
• Lowe, Sheila “The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Handwriting Analysis”, Alpha Books, 1999.
• Nezos, Renna “Graphology: The Interpretation of Handwriting”, Rider & Co. Ltd., 1989.
• Singer, Eric “A Manual of Graphology”, Treasure Press, 1986
22 A.B. Galgo 2008
