Grapes Production Eswar

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GRAPE


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In India, almost all our produce is consumedas a table fruit, while in European countries99% of their produce is used for preparation

ofwines, raisins, fresh juice and jams etc. Theyare rich in sugar and particularly in hexose andare easily digestible. It is fairly a good source of

minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and iron andvitamins B1 and B2.The juice is mild laxativeand acts as a stimulant to kidneys.


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GRAPE WINES


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In Andhra Pradesh, it is grown in the districts ofMahbubnagar, Rangareddy, Medak, Anantapur,Chittoor and Kurnool Districts in an area of

1676 ha with a production of33, 520 tonnes.


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CLIMATE

Grape is a semi-arid sub tropical crop. It requireswarm, and dry summer and cool winter. Humidweather is not congenial for sweetness causescracking of fruits and encourages fungaldiseases. Frost does great damage if it occurs

during its growing period. It thrives well inreasons with a temperature range of4.5degrees c and 45 degree c.


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SOILS: Light soils are ideal but they can growon any well drained soil which is the mostimportant requisite for grapevine. Water table

should be deeper than 2 meters. Compared toother horticultural crops grapevines arerelatively tolerant to salinity and alkalinity but

excessive lime is harmful.


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VARITIES: The commercial varieties of grapesgrown in India belong to vitis vinifera[European grapes], which is indigenous to

mediterranean region. American grapes belongto

vitis labrusca


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Vitis rotundifolia


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A K l X A b


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Angoor Kalan X Anab-e-Shahi

Arkachitra


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Anab-E-Shahi X Queen of vine yard

Arka Kanchan

Late maturing and good quality


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Commercial classification of grape varieties

Depending on the use, the grape varieties maybe classified in to5 catagories .

TABLE GRAPES :

The grapes are used as fresh fruit.

These grapes must be attractive, pleasing eatingquality and shipping qualities.

IMPORTANT VARIETIES:

Pusa Seedless FakhriBeauty Seedless Kandhari

Early Muscat Kale-Sahebi

etc.,


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Early Muscat Fakhri


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RAISIN GRAPES: Seedless grapes possessing softtexture, pleasing flavour large or very small sizeafter drying and a little tendency for become

sticky during storage for safe keeping, the raisinsshould not have more than 17% moisture.


Alexandria:BlackCorinth:

WINE RAPE :


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WINE RAPE :Two types of wines can be prepared from grapes i.e.,

1.Table Wines: These are produced from grapes of

moderately high sugar content and high acidity.2.Desert Wines: These are produced from grapeshaving high sugar content and low acid content.

IMPORTANT VARIETIES:Gross Column Red Prince


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SWEET-JUICE GRAPES:

These grapesproduce acceptable beverage when it ispreserved by pasteurization, germ proof filltrationor other means.

The juice must able to retain fresh grape-flavour.


Concord :Csaba:

O G O


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PROPAGATION :

Grape can be propagatedboth by sexual and asexual methods. Hazards ofsexual methods like poor germination and longperiod for germination etc., Asexual or vegetativepropagation on the other hand has hihgh

percentate of success and it ensures geneticalpurity.

Vegetative propagation in

grape is practiced through cuttings,grafting,layering and budding depending on the varietiesused and the growing conditions.

Preparation through hard

Whil C i


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While Cuttings

Thickness = 0.7-0.8 Cms.,

Internodal length = 8-10 Cms.,Length = 25-30 Cms.,

Buds = 3-4

Prunings = From theOctober

SPACING


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SPACING :

The spacing that is given b/w the vinewill depend on soil, climate and vigour of the varimethod of training, pruning and cultivationprocessess.

Region TrainingSpacing

Bombay-Deccan Single Stake 2.5x2.5

Punjab-Haryana Kniffin 3x3 m

Bangalore region Pendal 5x6 m

Madurai region Bower 8x9 m

Hyderabad region Overhead 5x9 m

T i i M th d


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Training Method

Single Stake Kniffin

Pendal Bower

TRAINING


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TRAINING

In the natural habitat, the grape vine isrobust climber but it can be trained on anyfashion.

Head System: This is the cheapest and easiestmethod. The vines are trained like dwarf bus.

Eg: Beauty seedless, Perlet, Delight & Gold

Delight Gold

P d l S t


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Pendal System :

This system is also known asArbour, Pergola, Mandwa, Over head or Bowersystem. Owing to the vigorous growth of the vineand pronounced apical dominance in the tropics,this system is most suitable for many of the

commercial grape cultivers.Eg: Anab-e-Shahi

This is more Popular

system in Andhra Pradesh. This is

best suited for vigorous varieties ,

which dont perform well on other

T l h S t


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Telephone System:

This system is suitable formoderately vigorous varieties with more apicaldominance. The chief demerit of kniffin systemwhere the lower arms are rendered unproductive,is modified in this system stretched at one height

liketelephone wires.

K iffi S t


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Kniffin System:

It is a system of training grape vine in

which the arms of the vine are tied to horizontal wire at the same

level above the ground. This system is not as common as Bowersystem. It is suitable for the moderately vigorokus klvarieties withless apical dominance. This system is suitable forBeautyseedless, Early Muscat, Bhokri and Delight.

PRUNING


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PRUNING

In grape pruning is done only once in NorthIndia during the month of January to make thefruitful buds to sprout but in South India, pruningis done twice in a year, once in summer andagain in winter.

Summer Pruning: Winter Pruning:

1. Done during 1. November inA.P &

March-April in A.P & Maharastra.

Karnataka. 2. December inTamilnadu

P ning in g apes


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Pruning in grapes

Pruning forProductivity

After Pruning

IRRIGATION


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IRRIGATION

Grape vine requires judicious irrigationfor optimum growth and yield. During initial yearof planting, vine may be irrigated frequently.

Grape requires 6-8 irrigations afterApril pruning till the South Wesst monsoon

begins. Vines are not irrigated from June-October.

8-10 irrigations may be given at 7-

10 days interval after October pruning till March.April before pruning is taken up.

Vines should not pruned when the

plants showsbleeding.

Irrigation in grapes


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Irrigation in grapes

Microjet irrigation Table graperrigation

HARVESTING


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HARVESTING

Grapes should be harvested when theyarefuly ripe.

The bunches are harvested withsecature orscissors.

Then theimmature and rotten berriesare removed with the help of scossors.

Then they are packed in wooden orcard board boxes orbamboo staked baskets.

Thepaper strips are used to avoiddamage to the berries.


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YIELD


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YIELD

Banglore blue and

Pacha draksha -- 5000 kgs/haBhokri -- 4500-9000 kgs/ha

Anab-e-Shahi -- 1000-15000 kgs/ha

Bangalore blue -- 30,000 kgs/haGrapes are long lived and may

yield up to a century with a good care. But on a

commercial scale they may be replaced afterabout 30 years with advantage.

YEILDING OF GRAPES


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YEILDING OF GRAPES


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Grapes Production Eswar

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