Banana Production Technology-eswar

7/28/2019 Banana Production Technology-eswar

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Botanical name: Musa spp.Family: MusaceaeOrigin: Tropical regions of South East Asia

(Assam, Burma, Indo-china region)Banana is a one of the oldest fruits known to

mankind. Its antiquity can be traced back to

garden of paradise where eve was said tohave used its leaves to cover her modesty. Itmay be one of the reasons why banana iscalled Apple of paradise and botanicallynamed as Musa paradisiaca.

Banana plants refer to biblical legend asTree of wisdom for good and evil in the

garden of Eden.


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The word Muza was derived from the Arabic

term Muza , which probably came from a

Sanskrit, word Moka and got its place in Koran

as the Tree of paradise similar to that of tree

of wisdom in Bible.

IMPORTANCE:

Starch is manufactured from pseudostem.

Many products are made from banana such as

banana chips, fig, soft drinks, flour and jam.

The sheaths and leaves are used for making

crude ropes.


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Banana chips BANANA JAM


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Banana soft drinks


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In south India, the leaf of banana is used as a

plate for serving meals.


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The end of the inflorescence, technically known

as pendant is cooked as a vegetable.

BANANA PENDANT

BLOSSOM


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VARIETIES OF BANANA:

o TABLE VARIETY:


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Robusta banana Grand nine banana


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Culinary varieties: Monthan. The other varieties

are Yenugu bontha and boodidha bontha.

Monthan


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HILL BANANAS: Virupakhi (syn : Sirumalai and Mala

Vazhai)

CLIMATE:

o Banana is strictly a tropical crop.

o It grows luxuriantly in the warm, humid and rainy

climates of tropical regions of the equator.o It grows well in regions with a temperature range of 10

to 40 degree celsius and an average of 23 degree

celsius.

o Low temperature i.e. less than 10 degrees celscius is

unsuitable since, they lead to a condition called

CHOKE or IMPEDED INFLORESCENCE.


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o Banana grows well under high rain fall areas.

o On an average on 100mm rainfall per month

appears to be satisfactory for growth of banana.

o Stagnation of water is injurious and may cause

diseases like panama wilt.

o Banana comes up well up to an altitude of1,500 mm above sea level in the tropics.

o The hill bananas in Tamil Nadu are raised

between elevations of 500 to 1500 m mostly

under rain fed conditions.


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PANAMA WILT DISEASE CAUSED IN BANANA


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SOIL


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SOIL:

Banana is very voracious feeder and requireswell drained soil with plentiful organicmatter.

Even though banana requires high heavy

irrigation hence, it cannot withstand waterstagnation.It grows successfully, in loamy soils and well

drained clay soils of delta areas.Saline soils with salinity percentage

exceeding 0.05 are unsuitable.Banana can grow well even under slightly

alkaline soils.


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PROPAGATION:


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PROPAGATION:

Banana is propagated vegetatively throughsucker and rhizomes.

SUCKERS: There are two types of suckers.

WARWE SUCKER: Have broad leaves andpseudostem and they donot produce a healthy

banana clump and hence not suitable forplanting.

SWORD SUCKER: It has a strong large base,gradually tapering to a slender point with 1 or 2narrow sword leaves at the tip.

The sword sucker is the most vigorous, growsfast and comes in to bearing early.

Sword suckers are preferred for planting.

RHIZOME Aft h t b f it


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RHIZOME: After harvest, a number of its

suckers are encouraged to grow upto 1-2 feet.

They are then dug out and their pseudostems

are completely cut above t he solid rhizome and

roots removed.

The rhizomes weighing about 450-900 grams

are stored for two months in a dry place under

shade.

During storing the bottom remains cut off

leaving the heart bud prominent at the top ofthe rhizome.

The conical rhizomes, which have a sound

heart, will be selected for planting.

SWORD SUCKER WATER SUCKER


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SWORD SUCKER WATER SUCKER

Rhi diff ti ti di ith TDZ


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Rhizome differentiation on medium with TDZ

and CA of cymbidium

SELECTION OF A SUCKER:


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SELECTION OF A SUCKER:

o Select only 3-4 months old suckers fromhealthy vigorously growing and good yieldingplants.

o The sword suckers should have 4-5diameter at the base and 2-3 kg weight.

SELECTION OF HEALTHY SUCKERS


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SELECTION OF HEALTHY SUCKERS

PREPARATION OF THE SUCKER:


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PREPARATION OF THE SUCKER:

The selected suckers should be separated from, its

mother plant along with a portion of a rhizome. Later, the stem of the suckers should be beheaded

at 20-30 cm height in a slanting manner.

This helps in producing new leaves quickly,- It prevents the stagnation of

water in the sucker.

The old roots should be removed and then dipped in0.1% cereson @ 1.g per liter of water for fiveminutes before planting.

GROWING OF BANANA PLANTLETS


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GROWING OF BANANA PLANTLETS

Land preparation:


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Land preparation:

o The land should be deeply ploughed, harrowedand leveled and pits of 45cmx45cmx45cm

should be dug at the required spacing.o The pits should be exposed for weathering for

about a week to control the presence of any

grubs, ants, weevils, etc.o The soil from the pits should be mixed with thefollowing thoroughly:

5-10 kg of FYM

0.5 kg of castor or neem cake

2 kg of wood ash or 50 g of muriate of potash

200 g of super phosphate.


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WOOD ASH


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WOOD ASH


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PLANTING:


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PLANTING:

The period of planting should be such that theactive growth phase of the plant may continue

un-hampered during the flower bud initiationstage or stage at which embryonic bunch isformed inside the pseudostem.

This generally, occurs between 4 and 5 monthsafter planting.

This stage determines the number ofhands/fingers in future bunch after planting.

In general, the beginning of monsoon i.e., Juneis the best time for planting banana in mostparts as the rapid growth occurs during first 4

months of monsoon.


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The correct way of planting the

banana suckers


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TRASHING: It is the removal of undesirable


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TRASHING: It is the removal of undesirable

materials from the banana field like dried,

diseased and decayed leaves, pseudo stem

after harvest, male bud, last end ofinflorescence and withered floral parts.

MATTOCKING: After harvest of the bunch, the

plants stem should be cut in stages at leastafter 30-45 days to facilitate mobilization of the

nutrients from the mother to the developing

ratoon plant.The pseudo stem should be cut leaving a stump

of about 0.6 m height.

WRAPPING OF BUNCHES: It is covering of


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WRAPPING OF BUNCHES: It is covering of

bunches with polythene or gunny cloth that

protects the fruits from intense heat, hot wind

etc and improves the colour of the fruits.


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TIPPING: It is the removal of the heart or male


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TIPPING: It is the removal of the heart or malebud.

The large heart shaped flower bud, contains

infertile male flowers in reddish scale leaves.This heart flower bud persists even after thefertile flowers have developed and formed intoa bunch.

It should be cut soon after the bunch is formed,other wise it is likely to use up some of the food,which would otherwise go to the development

of fruits.It is practiced for improving the appearance of

the bunch as well as to ward off fingertipdisease.

REMOVAL OF FLORAL REMNANTS:


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REMOVAL OF FLORAL REMNANTS:

The removal of dried and persistent floral

remnants present at the apex of the fruit or

finger helps in preventing the spread of fungal

diseases.

PROPPING: It is the method by which support

is given to banana bearing plants with the helpof bamboo, casuarinas or eucalyptus poles,

protecting them from bending or falling down

due to heavy bunch load and from heavydamages by wind.

PROPPING


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PROPPING

EARTHING UP:


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EARTHING UP:

It should be done during the rainy seasons to

provide drainage and to avoid water logging at

the base.

It is to be done once in 2 or 3 months to

prevent soil erosion from the basins and to

avoid direct contact of water with the pseudostem

Due to earthing up there are fair chances of

formation of good root system

EARTHING UP


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EARTHING UP

WEEDING: In the first four months after


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WEEDING: In the first four months after

planting, it is necessary to remove weeds.

The stirring of the soil by the spade after every

6 or 7 irrigations is necessary to maintain its

tilth and absorptive power.

BANANA INTERCROP CULTIVATION


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BANANA INTERCROP CULTIVATION


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DWARF BANANA PLANTS


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DWARF BANANA PLANTS

SUPER DWARF CAVENDISH VARIETY


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SUPER DWARF CAVENDISH VARIETY

TIME TAKEN BY THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES


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FOR HARVESTING

VARIETY PICTURE MONTHS

Robusta 12

Poovan 13

Dwarf

Cavendish 11

INDICATIONS OF MATURITY FOR


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HARVESTING ARE:

The fruits are harvested when top leaves start

drying.

Tendency of floral ends of the fruits to shed


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y

with slightest touch of the hand.

Fruits should be plump and their angles should

be rounded off.

Change in colour of the fruit from deep green to

light green.

YIELD:


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The yield of banana varies with:

o Variety

o agro-climatic conditions

o Management practices adopted for production


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STRAWBERRY-BANANA


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Banana Production Technology-eswar

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