Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson...
-
Upload
trace-fillingham -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson...
![Page 1: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Got Water?Got Water?Developed by: Developed by:
Hud MinshewHud MinshewOregon State Oregon State University University Extension ServiceExtension Service
Susan DonaldsonSusan DonaldsonUniversity of University of Nevada Nevada Cooperative Cooperative ExtensionExtension
UNCE, Reno, NV
![Page 2: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Today we’ll learn about: Sources of irrigation water: surface
vs. well water Matching available water to soils
and plants Determining when it’s time to
irrigate Methods of irrigation
![Page 3: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Where will you get your water?
Do you have a water right?
Where will your water come from?
When or how often will your get your water?
www.farmphoto.com
![Page 4: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
So you think you’ll use your well to irrigate a pasture?
Does local law allow use of domestic well water for pasture irrigation?
Does your well produce enough water?
UNCE, Reno, NV
![Page 5: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What do you need to know before you start to irrigate?
What plants do you want to grow?
Do you have enough available water to support the plants?
Are your soils appropriate for growing the plants?
UNCE, Reno, NV
![Page 6: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What do you need to know before you start to irrigate?
Do you want to improve existing pasture or to start over?
How much time and money do you have?
USDA Online Photos
![Page 7: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Where do plants get their water from in the root zone?
Adapted from PNW 475 by A. Miller
![Page 8: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Plant rooting depths vary
A. Miller
![Page 9: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Before you pick a crop, consider the soil:
What is the capability class of the soil?
What are the slopes and aspects?
How deep is the soil? Does it have adequate
drainage and rooting depths?
Is compaction an issue?
USDA NRCS
![Page 10: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Water = 20-30%
Air = 20-30%
Mineral Fraction
(sand, silt,clay) = 45-50%
Organics = 0-5%
Composition of a loam soil
![Page 11: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Soil texture
How does it feel in your hand?
![Page 12: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Water spreads differently in different soil textures
2.5 – 5 feet
spread
5 – 9 feet spread
9 – 14+ feet spread
CLAY
SILT
SAND
![Page 13: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Soil texture and drainage
SandSilt Loam Clay Loam
Coarse Texture
Medium Texture
Fine Texture
![Page 14: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Available water
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Sand SandyLoam
Loam SiltLoam
ClayLoam
SiltyClay
Clay
Finer Texture
Wa
ter
Co
nte
nt
(% v
olu
me
)
Available Water
Field Capacity
Wilting Point
Unavailable Water
OSU Extension Service
![Page 15: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Available water
A. Miller
![Page 16: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The water available to you
Does your surface water right supply enough water?
Will you have water during dry years?
Do you need to reduce your irrigated acreage to match your water supply?
Can you use your water more efficiently?
www.farmphoto.com
![Page 17: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Are you using an existing system, or starting over?
Your flexibility may be limited with an existing system, but costs will be lower
Starting over allows you to carefully match soils, plants, and water availability with irrigation systems, but can be costly
New irrigation systems may save time, money, or water
![Page 18: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
When is it time to irrigate?
Rule of thumb: when the amount of water holding capacity is at 50 percent -- but that’s hard to tell!
If your plants are showing stress, then irrigation is overdue Look for wilting or grasses that don’t
spring back up when stepped on
![Page 19: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Look and Feel MethodThe Look and Feel Method
USDA NRCS
![Page 20: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Look and feel methodClay, clay loam, or silty clay loam at 25-50% moisture.
Clay, clay loam, or silty clay loam at 50-75% moisture.
Irrigation is overdue Will need to irrigate soon
USDA NRCS
![Page 21: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Look and feel method
Sandy loam or fine sandy loam at 50-75% moisture.
Sandy loam or fine sandy loam at
25-50% moisture.
Irrigation is overdue Will need to irrigate soon
![Page 22: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Screwdriver methodScrewdriver method
UNCE, Reno, NV
![Page 23: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Using evapotranspiration data to schedule irrigation
UNCE, Reno, NV
![Page 24: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Irrigation water quality
Does your irrigation water contain trace elements that may affect plant growth?
Is the water salty? What are upstream users doing that
might affect your water quality?
![Page 25: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Salt-affected soils
UNCE, Reno, NV
![Page 26: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Irrigation systems:advantages and disadvantages
Drip
Flood
Sprinkle
NRCS Irrigation Page
![Page 27: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Flood irrigation
UNCE, Reno, NV
NRCS Irrigation Page
![Page 28: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Components of a flood irrigation system
![Page 29: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Wild flood irrigation
UNCE, Reno, NV
![Page 30: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Gated pipe
NRCS Irrigation Page
![Page 31: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Reducing return flows
OSU Extension Service
![Page 32: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Ditch maintenance
Dredging and re-digging
Weed and vegetation control
Opening and closing of gates
Who will do it, and what will it cost?
OSU Extension Service
![Page 33: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Trickle or drip
USDA SCS
![Page 34: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Drip irrigation
OSU Extension Service
![Page 35: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Lateral wheel lines
USDA NRCS
![Page 36: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Guns
USDA NRCS
![Page 37: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Sprinklers
UNCE, Reno, NV
![Page 38: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Portable handlines
www.fao.org
![Page 39: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Applying water uniformlyApplying water uniformly
UNCE, Reno, NV
![Page 40: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Improving uniformity Monitor your system during irrigation
– check for leaks or clogging of screens
Look for areas that remain too wet or too dry and adjust your irrigation system
Check sprinkler system pressures and nozzles to make sure they are adequate
Consider system upgrades
![Page 41: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The can method for measuring uniformity – a low cost approach
OSU Extension Service
![Page 42: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Irrigation systems summary
Know your sources of irrigation water
Know your soil type Monitor soil moisture Improve efficiency of your
delivery system when possible
![Page 43: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Irrigation systems summary
Adjust rate of water application to avoid runoff
Know your labor availability Match your goals for your land
to the irrigation system you select
![Page 44: Got Water? Developed by: Hud Minshew Oregon State University Extension Service Susan Donaldson University of Nevada Cooperative Extension UNCE, Reno, NV.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bf59a5503469e4f8b4652/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Homework
Practice the Look and Feel Method for determining irrigation
Inventory your irrigation system, both existing and proposed, using the Irrigation Check List for Landowners Activity Sheet
Check the uniformity of your sprinkler system, using any of the methods discussed in this lesson