•Applications - Nowcasting - Short-range weather forecasting - Longer-range numerical weather prediction

GOES Sounders: Past and Present

NESDIS/ORA/ASPT

GOES VAS

• Venetian Blinding

• Not Operational (RISOP)

• Noisy (due to reduced spin budget)

12 Infrared Channels (1 Visible Channel)Filter Wheel Radiometer

GOES-8/M Sounder18 Infrared Channels (1 Visible Channel)Filter Wheel Radiometer

• Operational • Higher Signal-to-Noise

GOES Sounder Spectral Bands: 14.7 to 3.7 um & Vis

GOES Sounder Spectral Coverage Current instrument has 18 infrared bands.

Numerical Model Impact

GeostationaryInterferometer WindsRadiances

SST

Resolutions:Vertical

HorizontalTemporal

Cloud Information

Moisture Ozone

Surface Emissivity

Verifying GOES-8 Imager Infrared Image

Eta model with and without GOES Sounder Clouds

Note that the high clouds off the East Coast were correctly removed when GOES Sounder cloud

data were assimilated.

Data Assimilation -- Clouds

TaRa

Rs

Tc

zT

TAERO

zH LE

Rx

Ts

d + z0

Ta TAEROT

G

TRAD() = f() Tc + [1 - f()] Ts

The Atmospheric Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model.

Surface component of ALEXI model

Major ALEXI Inputs Include:1) Weather Data from CRAS model2) Radiometric Temperatures from GOES 3) Fraction Vegetation Cover from AVHRR4) Land Surface Cover Characteristics

• The ALEXI models energy exchange between the land surface and the atmospheric boundary layer, driven by remotely sensed inputs.

Data Assimilation -- uses GOES Sounder skin temperatures

Eta Data Assimilation System Satellite Data Impact Study for 3 Seasons

24-hr forecast for Temperature

24-hr forecast for Relative Humidity

In 80 km Eta Data Assimilation System (EDAS), impact of GOES Sounder marine products versus conventional RAOB information was tested. In summer, Sounder has larger positive impact on temperature and moisture forecasts than conventional RAOB.

Positive Impact due to GOES sounder PW (marine)Positive Impact due to Radiosonde (T and moisture)Ratio =

A Ratio greater than 1 means the satellite improved the forecast more than the radiosondesover the entire domain (land and marine)

Data Assimilation -- Data Denial

32 km results using a November 2001 version of the EDAS:

Provide a comparison of the total forecast impact of GOES-vs-POES data types in the EDAS for late October/early November 2001 1. Deny all GOES data types at once.

2. Deny all POES data types at once.

The Diagnostics

  

      

GOES in NWP, routine and experimental:

Model GOES DataNCEP Global Sounder Radiance, Imager Winds, Imager Radiances

Eta Model Sounder Radiance, Sounder PW, Imager Winds, Data for LandDataAssimilationScheme, Sounder Clouds

FSL’s RUC Sounder TPW, Sounder Clouds (March 2002) GWINDEX rapid-scan winds

CIMSS CRAS Sounder PW, Sounder Clouds

Australia (LAPS) Imager Winds

ECMWF Imager Winds, Imager Radiances

GFDL (experimental) Imager Winds

NOGAPS Imager Winds, Sounder Winds

NAAPS Imager Biomass Fire Product

CSU RAMS Imager Biomass Fire Product

UW ALEXI Change of Sounder Skin Temperature, Imager insolation

Data Assimilation -- GOES radiances and products have a major role

ABS Prime (ABS’) -- consider using the shortwave side of the water vapor band.

GOES Sounder-Derived Cloud Product in the RUC00 UTC 23 March 1999

GOES Sounder-Derivedplus

Model-DerivedCloud Top Pressure

Impact of the GOES Sounder-

Derived Cloud Product

(Gray to Black indicatecloud added; Yellow to Red indicate cloud removed by

GOES data)

GOES Sounder-Derived Cloud Product in the RUC00 UTC 23 March 1999

GOES Sounder-Derived

Cloud Top Pressure

Model-DerivedCloud Top Pressure

900 mb 600 300

Comparison of GOES-11 PW with microwave retrievals

August 6, 2000

Co-located total precipitable water (TPW) values retrieved from the GOES-11 Sounder compare well with integrated moisture measured by a microwave radiometer at the CART site (Lamont, OK). Note “flat” first-guess trace.

GOES retrievals show ability to capture the trend and range of total moisture.

GOES-11 Post-Launch Test (NOAA Technical #103)

GOES Sounder Uses (non-NWP)• Radiances/Images• Moisture Profiles• Derived Quantities from the retrieved profiles• 3-layers of Precipitable Water• Derived Products Images• Cloud Top Information• Mid-Level Winds• 12 micrometer channel (GOES-12 and beyond)• Possible test-bed for additional imager channels

EXCESSIVE RAINFALL POTENTIAL OUTLOOK HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PREDICTION CENTER...NWS...CAMP SPRINGS MD

GOES SOUNDER DATA SHOWS THAT PWS SOUTH OF THE OUTFLOW BOUNDARY ARE IN THE 1.60 TO 1.70 INCH RANGE. THE SOUNDER DATA ALSO INDICATES THAT THE AIRMASS TO THE WEST ACROSS IL IS CONTINUING TO DESTABILIZE. ALL THE ABOVE ARGUE FOR THE POTENTIAL FOR ISOLD 3 TO 5 INCH RAINFALL BEFORE THE SYSTEM STARTS SHIFTING EWD.

12 UTC Sounder LI Zoomed in view:

With Eta forecast and watch boxes

Janesville, WI received 4 inches of rain; Sullivan, WI had 3 inches.

NWS Forecast Office Assessment of GOES Sounder Total Precipitable Water

Summer 99 Forecaster assessment of usefulness of changes in hourly TPW product for precipitation forecast

Out of 207 weather cases.- Significant Positive Impact (21.3%)- Slight Positive Impact (50.2%)- No Discernible Impact (27%)- Slight Negative Impact (1%)- Significant Negative Impact (<1%)

Figure from the National Weather Service, Office of Services

NWS Forecast Office Assessment of GOES Sounder Atmospheric Instability

Summer 99 Forecaster assessment of usefulness of changes in hourly LI, CAPE, & CINH product for predicting location/timing of thunderstorms

There were 248 valid weather cases.- Significant Positive Impact (30%)- Slight Positive Impact (49%)- No Discernible Impact (19%)- Slight Negative Impact (2%)- Significant Negative Impact (0)

Figure from the National Weather Service, Office of Services

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-8 Sounder Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) values. The axis of CAPE values greater than 2500 J/kg extended from eastern Nebraska into southern Minnesota. CAPE values calculated from the 00 UTC radiosondes were too sparse to capture this feature. The two counties outlined in northern Iowa show the location of an F-2 tornado that occurred just over two hours later. A NWS forecaster used Sounder data to help correctly forecast this event.

A Derived Product Image of CAPE from the GOES-8 Sounder

Stable

Unstable

Stable

Radiosonde values

00 UTC on 10 August 1999

F-2 Tornado

NOAANESDISORAARADASPT

Example of trends in GOES DPI (time series plots) from 08 August 2000 - a web tool

Afternoon destabilization in far W KY

Monsoon moisture re-surging in SW AZ

Sites selected from GOES Sounder PW DPI at 20 UTC on 08 Aug 2000

UW/CIMSS

Comparing experimental GOES Sounder and TOMS satellite estimates of Total Ozone (O3) at ground-based sites

GOES and TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) show similar accuracies.

GO

ES

and

TO

MS

Dob

son

Uni

ts (

DU

)

GOES Sounder Total Ozone determinations

UW/CIMSS

One month average emissivity for 05/11/00 - 06/12/00 at 10 UTCdark blue areas (

sfc < 0.80) - missing data

LW

SW

0.98

0.98

0.80

0.80Longitude

Lat

itud

eL

atit

ude

Current Product Improvement -- improved retrievals with a more rigorous surface emissivity

Geostationary Sounders

(# of channels)

VAS (experimental)

GOES Sounder(operational)

GIFTS(experimental)

(12)

(18)

(~1600)

(~1600)

Advanced BaselineSounder (operational)

time

The ABS is the next logical step from experimental low spectral resolution to finally operational high-spectral resolution sounders.