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15th
November , 2013 Volume No.: 30 Issue No.
Contents Message from GNIPS
Letter to the Editor News Update
Health awareness
Disease Outbreak Ne
Forth Coming Events
Drugs Update
Campus News
Students Section
Editors Note
Archive
Vision
TO GROW AS A CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN THE FIELD O
PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
EDITOR: Soumya BhattacharyaGURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
GNIPST Photo Gallery
For your comments/contributionORFor ack-Issues,
mailto:[email protected]
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Clinic have demonstrated that gluten in the diet may modify the
intestinal microbiome, increasing incidences of Type 1 diabetes. These
researchers demonstrated that mice fed a gluten-free diet had a
dramatically reduced incidence of Type 1 diabetes.Read more
Intranasal Insulin improves cognitive function in
patients with Type 2 Diabetes (13thNovember, 2013)
The link between type 2 diabetes and dementia has become widely
recognized. a small proof-of-concept study led by investigators at
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) offers promise of a
new treatment for this widespread problem. Currently published on-line in the journal Diabetes Care, the study results show that a single
dose of intranasal insulin can help improve cognitive function in
patients with diabetes.Read more
Breathalyzer Technology Detects Acetone Levels to
Monitor Blood Glucose in Diabetics(13thNovember, 2013)
A novel hand-held, noninvasive monitoring device that uses
multilayer nanotechnology to detect acetone has been shown to
correlate with blood-glucose levels in the breath of diabetics. This
research is being presented at the 2013 American Association of
Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Annual Meeting and Exposition,
the worlds largest pharmaceutical sciences meeting, in San Antonio,
Nov. 1014.Read more
Risk of heart attack, stroke among diabetes
patients significantly lower after gastric bypass(13thNovember, 2013)
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New research from the Cleveland Clinic shows most patients with
diabetes and obesity who undergo gastric bypass not only experience
remission of their diabetes and lose significant weight, but they also
reduce their risk of having a heart attack by 40 percent and their risk
for suffering a stroke by 42 percent, over a 10-year time horizon. This
study emphasizes that gastric bypass dramatically changes the
trajectory of many chronic diseases associated with diabetes and
improves multiple cardiovascular risk factors in the long term.Read
more
'Diabetic Flies' Can Speed Up Disease-FightingResearch(6thNovember, 2013)In a finding that has the potential to significantly speed up diabetesresearch, scientists at the University of Maryland have discoveredthat fruit flies respond to insulin at the cellular level much likehumans do, making these common, easily bred insects good subjects
for laboratory experiments in new treatments for diabetes. Read
more
HEALTH AWARENESS
Encephalopathy- A diabetic complication
Diabetes is the metabolic disorder characterized by
hyperglycemia, glycosuria, hyperlipidaemia, negative nitrogen
balance and sometimes ketonaemia. The characteristic feature of
diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia due to defect in both action and
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secretion of insulin. Hyperglycemia as a common end point for all
type of diabetes mellitus is followed by micro and macro vascular
complications leading to cardiovascular disease, nephropathy,
neuropathy and retinopathy. Diabetic encephalopathies are now
accepted complications of diabetes.
The term Encephalopathy literally means disorder or
disease of the brain. In modern usage, encephalopathy does not
refer to a single disease, but rather to a syndrome of global brain
dysfunction; this syndrome can be caused by many different
illnesses. Diabetic encephalopathy refers to the cognitive decline
associated with diabetes.
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, has assumed
pandemic proportions and its long-term complications can have
devastating consequences. Besides the most commoncomplications of the peripheral nervous system in diabetic
patients, recent evidence has demonstrated that diabetes may also
have negative impacts on the central nervous system. Several
observations indicate that diabetes mellitus might be accompanied
by a certain erosion of brain function. For example, impaired
performance in global memory, attention, abstract reasoning and
visual-motor tasks are recognized to be more frequent in the
diabetic population. Oxidative stress and inflammation plays a
central role in diabetic tissue damage.
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Glucose is the main energy substrate of the human brain;
however the occurrence of chronic hyperglycemia can be
deleterious for the brain. The brain, which constitutes only 2% of
the human body weight, utilizes almost 25% of total body glucose.
The glucose metabolism is used not only for energy substrate but
also the breakdown of glucose provides important compounds for
neurons, including neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and
glutamate.
Chronic hyperglycemia could, thus, be one of the
determinants of cognitive decline in people with abnormal glucose
metabolism. The deleterious effects of hyperglycemia are mediated
through an increased flux of glucose through the polyol and
hexosamine pathways, disturbances of intracellular second
messenger pathways, an imbalance in the generation and
scavengers of ROS, and by AGEs. Besides being directly implied in
aging (last two processes), these phenomena also contributes to
micro-vascular changes, what leads to microinfarcts and
generalized brain atrophy which, in turn result in cognitive
decline and dementia. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and
oxidative stress in brain have been suggested to play an importantrole in the regulation of memory functions.
Cognitive deficits in diabetes mellitus can result from
metabolic impairment or cerebral vascular complications.
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Although the pathogenesis of these deficits is multifactorial and
controversial, there is strong evidence for the involvement of
micro-vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress due to excess
production of oxygen free radicals. In the latter case, since the
mammalian hippocampus and cerebral cortex play a pivotal role in
a diverse set of cognitive functions, such as novelty detection and
memory, these areas are very vulnerable to oxidative damage in
STZ-diabetic animals. In agreement with this idea, it has been
reported that lipid peroxidation enhances in both regions of thebrain, which itself leads to a significant impairment in both motor
and memory behavioral functions in diabetic animals. Induction of
diabetes impairs long term potentiation (LTP) and enhances long
term depression (LTD) induced by high frequency and low
frequency stimulations, respectively. This could indicate that
diabetes acts on synaptic plasticity through mechanisms involved
in metaplasticity.
It is also known that LTP plays a crucial role in consolidation
of memory. Persistent facilitation of LTD and inhibition of LTP
may contribute to learning and memory impairments associated
with diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, STZ-induced diabetes in ratsresults in the altered function of N-methyl-DAspartate (NMDA)
and Amino-hydroxy-propionic acid (AMPA) type glutamate
receptors, which are implicated in learning and memory processes.
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In this study, intensity of derangement in behavioral factors
increased with time. In agreement with this finding, it has been
found that the intensity of deficits of learning and memory may
increase in the course of diabetes which is associated with
intensification of pathological processes within the brain regions
engaged in these processes.
There are also some reports on the involvement of the
cholinergic system abnormality in the impaired acquisition and/or
retention of passive avoidance learning. In this respect, it has been
postulated that the observed behavioral abnormalities consequent
on an impairment of cerebral glucose metabolism may be
suggestive of cholinergic dysfunction. It has also been reported
that the level of neurotrophic insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is
reduced in diabetic patients and rodents. STZ-induced diabetes
impairs cognitive functions and causes an imbalance in the
expression of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) in those
brain regions involved in learning and memory. Altered expression
of NCAM in hippocampus may be an important cause of learning
and memory deficits that occurs in diabetes mellitus. From a
biochemical viewpoint, cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitushas been associated with hippocampal apoptotic neuronal loss. In
this respect, impaired insulinomimetic action by C-peptide plays a
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prominent role in cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal
apoptosis in diabetes.
Three mechanisms that mediate the toxic effects ofhyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia are responsible for the aging
process of the brain, namely:
1. Accumulation of AGEs.
2. Increasing formation of ROS, with consequent increased
oxidative stress.
3. Increased amyloid peptide level in hippocampus and cortex
region of brain.
Recent experimental data emphasize the role of impaired
central insulin action and provide information as to potential
therapies. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms resulting in
diabetic encephalopathies are complex and appear to differ
between the two types of diabetes. In view of the increasing
incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, intensified
investigations are called for to expand our understanding of these
complications and to find therapeutic means by which these
disastrous consequences can be prevented and modified.
-Dipanjan Mandal
Asst. Professor, GNIPST
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Some Facts of Diabetes
About 347 million people worldwide have diabetes.
There is an emerging global epidemic of diabetes that can be tracedback to rapid increases in overweight, obesity and physical inactivity.
Diabetes is predicted to become the seventh leading cause of
death in the world by the year 2030.
Total deaths from diabetes are projected to rise by more than 50% in
the next 10 years.
There are two major forms of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production and
type 2 diabetes results from the body's ineffective use of insulin.
A third type of diabetes is gestational diabetes.
This type is characterized by hyperglycaemia, or raised blood sugar,
which has first appeared or been recognized during pregnancy.
Type 2 diabetes is much more common than type 1 diabetes.
Type 2 accounts for around 90% of all diabetes worldwide. Reports of
type 2 diabetes in children previously rare have increased
worldwide. In some countries, it accounts for almost half of newly
diagnosed cases in children and adolescents.
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Cardiovascular disease is responsible for between 50% and 80% of
deaths in people with diabetes.
Diabetes has become one of the major causes of premature illness and
death in most countries, mainly through the increased risk ofcardiovascular disease (CVD).
In 2004, an estimated 3.4 million people died from consequences of
high fasting blood sugar.
80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income
countries.
In developed countries most people with diabetes are above the age of
retirement, whereas in developing countries those most frequently
affected are aged between 35 and 64.
Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, amputation and kidney
failure.
Lack of awareness about diabetes, combined with insufficient accessto health services and essential medicines, can lead to complications
such as blindness, amputation and kidney failure.
Type 2 diabetes can be prevented.
Thirty minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most days
and a healthy diet can drastically reduce the risk of developing type 2
diabetes. Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented.
(Based on WHO database)
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DISEASE OUTBREAK NEWS
Cholera in Mexico(13th November,2013)The Ministry of Health in Mexico has reported an additional four
cases of infection with Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa. Of these, two are
from the state of Hidalgo and two from the state of Veracruz. Read
more
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
The 2nd Pharm. Tech IAPST International Conference on "New insights into
diseases and recent therapeutic approaches"from 17th to 19th January 2014 in
Kolkata, India.Read more
DRUGS UPDATES
FDA approves Imbruvica for rare blood cancer (13th
November, 2013)The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Imbruvica
(ibrutinib) to treat patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a rare
and aggressive type of blood cancer.
Read more
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CAMPUS NEWS
B.Pharm 3rd year won the GNIPST Football Champions trophy,2013. B.Pharm 3rdyear won the final match 1-0 against B.Pharm 2nd
year. Deep Chakraborty was the only scorer of the final.
Students of GNIPST organized pre puja celebration programme,Saaranya on 7thOctober, 2013 in college Auditorium.
GNIPST organized a garment distribution programme on 28th
September, 2013 at Dakshineswar Kali Temple and Adyapith,
Kolkata. On this remarkable event about hundred people have
received garments. More than hundred students and most of the
faculties participated on that day with lot of enthusiasm.
GNIPST celebrated World Heart Day (29th September) and
Pharmacists Day(25
th
September) on 25
th
and 26
th
September,2013 in GNIPST Auditorium. A seminar on Violence against
woman and female foeticide was held on GNIPST Auditorium on
25th September organized by JABALA Action Research
Organization. On 26thSeptember an intra-college Oral and Poster
presentation competition related to World Pharmacists day and
Heart day was held in GNIPST. Ms. Purbali Chakraborty of
B.Pharm 4th year won the first prize in Oral Presentation. The
winner of Poster presentation was the group of Ms. Utsa Sinha,
Mr. Koushik Saha and Mr. Niladri Banerjee(B.Pharm 4thyear). A
good number of students have participated in both the competition
with their valuable views.
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STUDENTS SECTION
WHO CAN ANSWER FIRST????
In Diabetes mellitus the word mellitus derived
from Latin name of which natural object?
Which remarkable medicine was developed byDr. Arthur Riggs and Genentech?
Answer of Previous Issues QuestionsA) Fluoxetine, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor B)John F. Nash Jr.
Identify the personalities
Answer of Previous Issues Image
Ivan Pavlov,(1849-1936) a Russian Physiologist;pioneer inrefelex action and psycho-physilogical research and Nobel
laureate in 1904 in physiology for his work on the physiology of
digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the
subject has been transformed and enlarged.
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Solve the Puzzle
NUMBER : UNBMRE ::GHOST:?
Answer of Previous Issues Puzzle49
Send your thoughts/ Quiz/Puzzles/games/write-ups or any other contributions for StudentsSection answers of this Section [email protected]
EDITORS NOTE
I am proud to publish the 2nd
issue of 30th
Volume of GNIPST
BULLETIN. GNIPST BULLETIN now connected globally through
facebook account GNIPST bulletin
I want to convey my thanks to all the GNIPST members and the
readers for their valuable comments, encouragement and supports.
I am thankful to Dr. Abhijit Sengupta, Director of GNIPST for his
valuable advice and encouragement. Special thanks to Dr. Prerona
Sahaand Mr. Debabrata Ghosh Dastidarfor their kind co-operation
and technical supports. I am thankful to Mr. Subha Bhattacharjee
for his contribution to solve the puzzle section and Mr. Dipanjan
Mandal for his write up in Health awareness section.
An important part of the improvement of the bulletin is the
contribution of the readers. You are invited to send in your write ups,
notes, critiques or any kind of contribution for the forthcoming special
and regular issue.
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ARCHIVE
Teachers daywas celebrated on 5thSeptember, 2013 by the
students of GNIPST in GNIPST Auditorium.
A zalea exotic flower ) , the fresher welcome programme fornewcomers of GNIPST in the session 2013-14 was held on 8th
August in GNIPST Auditorium.
One day seminar cum teachers development programme forschool teachers on the theme of Recent Trends of Life Sciences
in Higher Education organized by GNIPST held on 29th June,
2013 at GNIPST auditorium. The programme was inaugurated by
Prof . Asit Guha, Director of JIS Group, Mr. U.S. Mukherjee, Dy
Director of JIS Group and Dr. Abhijit Sengupta, Director cum
Principal of GNIPST with lamp lighting. The programme started
with an opening song performed by the B.Pharm students of thisinstitute. The seminar consists of a series of lectures, video
presentations and poster session. On the pre lunch session 4
lectures were given by Dr. Lopamudra Dutta, Mr. Debabrata
Ghosh Dastidar, Ms. Swati Nandy and Ms. Tamalika Chakraborty
respectively. On their presentation the speakers enlighten the
recent development of Pharmacy, Genetics and Microbiology and
their correlation with Life Sciences. On the post lunch session, Ms.Saini Setua and Ms. Sanchari Bhattacharjee explained the recent
development and career opportunities in Biotechnology and
Hospital Management. The programme was concluded with
valedictory session and certificate distribution.
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About 50 Higher secondary school teachers from different
schools of Kolkata and North& South 24 Parganas district of
West Bengal participated in this programme. A good interactive
session between participants and speakers was observed in the
seminar. The seminar was a great success with the effort of
faculties, staffs and students of our Institute. It was a unique
discussion platform for school teachers and professional of the
emerging and newer branches of Life Science.
The following B.Pharm. final year students have qualified,
GPAT-2013. We congratulate them all.
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The general body meeting of APTI, Bengal Branch has been conducted
at GNIPST on 15th June, 2012. The program started with a nice
presentation by Dr. Pulok Kr. Mukherjee, School of Natural Products,
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JU on the skill to write a good manuscript for publication in impact
journals. It was followed by nearly two hour long discussion among
more than thirty participants on different aspects of pharmacy
education. Five nonmember participants applied for membership on
that very day.
GNIPST is now approved by AICTE and affiliated to WBUT for
conducting the two years post graduate course (M.Pharm) in
P H A R M A C O L O G Y .The approved number of seat is 18.The number of seats in B.Pharm. has been increased from 60 to 120.
AICTE has sanctioned a release of grant under Research Promotion
Scheme (RPS) during the financial year 2012-13to GNIPST as per the
details below:
a. Beneficiary Institution: Guru Nanak Institution of Pharmaceutical
Science & Technology.
b.Principal Investigator:Dr. LopamudraDutta.
c. Grant-in-aid sanctioned:Rs. 16,25000/- only
d.Approved duration: 3 yearse. Title of the project: Screening and identification of potential
medicinal plant of Purulia & Bankura districts of West Bengal with
respect to diseases such as diabetes, rheumatism, Jaundice,
hypertension and developing biotechnological tools for enhancing
bioactive molecules in these plants.