Globalization and Culture

In a globalized world, connections are many and simple answers few

Globalization

A force or process that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders

A force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide

The scale of the world is shrinking Not literally but in the ability of a person,

object, or idea to interact in other portions of the globe

Transnational Corporations

Sometimes called Multinational Corporations

Conduct research, operates factories, sell products in many countries

Business and economy are major components of Globalization Media, internet, and economy are major

methods leading to the interconnectedness of world

GLOBALIZATION Transnational (multinational) Companies

They invest in foreign operations, central corporate facility, conduct research + development, operate factories & market products

- not just where their headquarters + primary shareholders exist

McDonald’s world locations map

Globalization

Struggle between global forces versus individualism of locations and regions

High-tech communications and global marketing of standardized products seem if they might wash away distinctiveness of people and places

Globalization

Thus far regionalism still remain strong Globalization variously

embraced, resisted, subverted, and exploited as it makes contact with specific cultures and settings.

As a result places are modified or reconstructed rather than destroyed or homogenized

Culture

Culture refers not only to the music, literature, and arts of a society but also to all the other features of its way of life: mode of dress; routine living habits; food preferences; architecture of houses and public buildings; layout of fields and farms; and system of education, government, and law

Includes non-tangibles like lifestyles or values or beliefs

Culture is not Genetically Predetermined

Culture

Cultural Trait Identify a single attribute of a culture

Cultural Hearth Is an area where cultural traits develop and

from which the cultural traits diffuse Example could be the location where Islam began

HEARTH

* The source area of any innovation. The source area from which an idea, crop, artifact, or good is diffused to other areas.

Cultural Hearth

Diffusion

The process of dissemination, the spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth or source to other places

Whether diffusion of a cultural trait occurs depends, in part, on time and distance from the hearth Time-distance decay

Diffusion

“process by which molecules travel from a higher concentration to a lower concentration”

TYPES OF DIFFUSION Expansion Diffusion – idea or innovation

spreads outward from the hearth• Contagious – spreads adjacently + rapidly• Hierarchical – spreads to most linked people or

places first.• Stimulus – idea promote a local experiment or

change in the way people do things.

* Relocation Diffusion – spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/bhutan/

Expansion Diffusion

•Contagious

Expansion DiffusionHierarchical - a phenomenon spreads as a result of a group, usually the social elite, spreading ideas or patterns in a society

Crocs

Sold first in 2002 and 2003 at boat shows Crocs diffused from boater to

gardeners Contagious diffusion lead to

the spread of the crocs to the rest of the public

In 2007 had revenues in excess of $800 million

Stimulus Diffusion

Because Hindus believe cows are holy, cows often roam the streets in villages and towns. The McDonalds restaurants in India feature veggie burgers.

Relocation DiffusionThe physical spread of these people or their

movement from one place to another

Spatial Interaction

Study of how places are connected to each other

Distribution is often discussed when discussing spatial interaction Density, Concentration, and pattern are the

three aspects of distribution

Spatial distributionWhat processes create and sustain the pattern of a

distribution?

Map of Cholera Victims in London’s Soho

District in 1854.

The patterns of victim’s homes and water pump locations helped uncover the source of the disease.

Density

How often an object occurs within a given area or space Often in terms of arithmetic density which

is number divided by amount of land

DistributionDensity, Concentration, & Pattern

Fig. 1-18: The density, concentration, and pattern (of houses in this example) may vary in an area or landscape.

SPACE:

•DISTRIBUTION:

•DENSITY - arithmetic density – how?

•CONCENTRATION - clustered - dispersed

•PATTERN

Concentration

This is asking the question of proximity of a particular phenomenon over the area in which it is spread

Clustered or agglomerated - items are close to each other

Dispersed or scattered – items are spread out

Different from density in that density is quantity while concentration is are they near or far from each other

Pattern Analysis: Density vs. Dispersion

Which square mile has the higher density, (a) or (b)?

Which square is more dispersed, (a) or (b)?

Pattern

How are the objects organized in their space

Linear in a single line Centralized clustered together near or

around something Random lacking any for seen patern

Various Pattern Arrangements

What phenomena could explain the patterns shown in

A, B, and C?