Global Gurus in Motion - Seoul National UniversityShambhavi Maha Mudra Kriya of Sadhguru Jaggi...

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Global Gurus in Motion Challenges for the Academic Study of Re li gion Joanne Punzo Waghorneยท Prologu e: Situating this paper within current theory: Ultimately this lecture assumes, like the political campaign of Barak Obama in the United States, that we are enteri ng a radically new paradigm in the study of contemporary religion. This re-Orientation-as many are calling it- asks that scholars stop their fixation on "co lonialism" and issues of the dominance of West over East and look at the world that we now have in front of us. Rather than beginning with di scussions of postmodern or postcolonial theory, ethic identity formation, or eve n diaspora that dominated the 1990s, I prefer to start with the contemporary world and with a hard look at the current conditions in the urban Asia-particularly the religious trends that are now assuming a growing presence along side of fundamentalism and pluralism. New spiritual-religiousl l movements are spreading throughout Asia2l and into the Americas , Europe, and now Africa, originating out of India 's long tradition of gurus-but mel ded to very modern forms and discourse. I am betti ng like Obama, that these instances of mel ding, mixing, and matching, will soon become potent and powerful. In this paper I hope to show that these new โ€ข Professor, Sy racuse University I) The term "religion" or "religious" in Anglophone Singapore has a particular meaning. Many peop le reject the term arguing that "reli gion" equates with doctrines and social rules while their preferred term "spirituality" means the individual experience of sacred power and energy. So I use this term religious-spiritual instead of simply "re l igious". 2) I include Australia h ere because the large Indian community serves as the conduit for many other Australians to join guru-centered movements. Some of the groups that I have studied began to move into the global sphere through Austra l ia.

Transcript of Global Gurus in Motion - Seoul National UniversityShambhavi Maha Mudra Kriya of Sadhguru Jaggi...

  • Global Gurus in Motion Challenges for the Academic Study of Religion

    Joanne Punzo Waghorneยท

    Prologue: Situating this paper within current theory:

    Ultimately this lecture assumes, like the political campaign of Barak Obama

    in the United States, that we are entering a radically new paradigm in the

    study of contemporary religion. This re-Orientation-as many are calling it-

    asks that scholars stop their fixation on "colonialism" and issues of the

    dominance of West over East and look at the world that we now have in front

    of us. Rather than beginning with discussions of postmodern or postcolonial

    theory, ethic identity formation, or even diaspora that dominated the 1990s, I

    prefer to start with the contemporary world and with a hard look at the current

    conditions in the urban Asia-particularly the religious trends that are now

    assuming a growing presence along side of fundamentalism and pluralism. New

    spiritual-religiousl l movements are spreading throughout Asia2l and into the

    Americas, Europe, and now Africa, originating out of India's long tradition of

    gurus-but melded to very modern forms and discourse. I am betting like

    Obama, that these instances of melding, mixing, and matching, will soon

    become potent and powerful. In this paper I hope to show that these new

    โ€ข Professor, Syracuse University I) The term "religion" or "religious" in Anglophone Singapore has a particular

    meaning. Many people reject the term arguing that "religion" equates with doctrines and social rules while their preferred term "spirituality" means the individual experience of sacred power and energy. So I use this term religious-spiritual instead of simply "religious".

    2) I include Australia here because the large Indian community serves as the conduit for many other Australians to join guru-centered movements. Some of the groups that I have studied began to move into the global sphere through Australia.

  • movements have important implications for departments . of Religious Studies

    that are emerging in Asian universities.

    Religious Studies, more particularly the History of Religions, long ago made

    a distinction between studies of emerging religious groups from the study of

    Religion in the life of society as a whole. Joachim Wach, who created the

    term History of Religions, followed Max Weber in emphasizing both religious

    leaders and the development of religious groups associated with them. In

    addition, the early emphasis of our field on religious experience, often

    coterminous with the study of religious groups, puts the emphasis on the

    religiosity of the person both as a leader and a follower. The language of

    choice, conversion, mysticism, charisma dominated the field for many decades.

    Behind all of this lingered the category of "founded religions," with their

    charismatic leaders and devoted disciples, which accounts for most established

    "Traditions" on those lists of major world religions in our textbooks. Many of

    the early Historians of Religions recognized how uncomfortably close these

    founded religions came to the model of the guru and disciple/s relationship,

    still very much alive, in India. As early as 1899, the acknowledged founder of

    our field F. Max Muller ventured out of the Vedic period to publish his only

    book on contemporary religion in India-a biography of the Bengali mystic and

    guru, Ramakrishna: His Life and Sayings.

    Now in the twenty-first century but now we have a curious phenomenon: a

    new kind of interaction between academic study of religion and these very

    religious groups that remained so central to the founding of our field. After

    two decades of postmodern prescriptions in anthropology and religious studies

    to focus attention on our "subject position" as scholars and give "voice" to the

    subjects of our study, the tables have turned in an unnoticed and perhaps

    unexpected way. Member and leaders of many contemporary religious

    movements, remain uninterested in confronting the academic study of religion

    as a discipline (unlike the many who present themselves as representatives of

    "Hinduism", "Islam," or "Christianity" as they confront scholars of Religious

    Studies in the USA). Rather, these organizations freely borrow the forms, styles

  • Global Gurus in Motion 41

    and even rhetoric3l from the academic world to advance their organizations.

    However, while the gurus who founded these organizations do not critique

    Religious Studies (many seem unaware of the field), they often present their

    practices as the panacea to what they see as a morally and spiritually deficient

    educational system.

    Such newly emerging spiritual movements with their easy adaptation of

    academic models are especially popular in the rapidly globalizing cities of Asia,

    which now command much of the technological world both as manufacturers of

    advanced hardware and the new sources of information specialists, engineers,

    and scientists. In Singapore, and here in Seoul, this reliance on expertise means

    an emphasis on education with an often unrelenting stress on success in exams

    -including what are now called "study mothers" leaving husbands far behind

    to enroll their children in prestigious institutions at an early age. The world of

    academics is no longer an ivory tower but a major source of status (and

    power). THE DEGREE increasingly functions as the major route into the

    covered status of middle class professional in Asia-and the membership card

    into the global economic sphere.

    The old issue that dominated the Euro-American world at the tum of the

    twentieth century, the struggle between scientific rationality and religious faith,

    in the twenty-first century in Asia has morphed into a case of cozy borrowing.

    Gurus incorporate scientific language (including what we once called the

    science of religion), academic styles, and business savvy into the development

    of a new kind of religious association and a new kind of religiosity, a

    "spirituality" with a global market. I offer several vignettes from my current

    fieldwork in Singapore as a sen ior research fellow at the National University of

    Singapore, this year to set the context.

    Scene One: In Singapore last month, I sat with an ethically diverse audience

    3) They sometime recycle the long-discarded theories from Religious Studies classics as evidence for their search for universals-but this is another topic for discussion.

  • at the Chinese Chamber of Commerce to take part in a "One Day Yoga

    Workshop" offered by the Art of Living Foundation (usually abbreviated to

    AOL) founded and headed by Sri Sri Ravishankar, an Indian guru with a

    worldwide following. I have attended many such sessions 1n Singapore

    sponsored by various organizations directed by and focused on a guru with

    organizations and followers in multiple counties around the world. I term these

    increasingly influential international figures as "global gurus." This workshop

    included a PowerPoint Presentation on "Well Being, Mindfulness, and the

    Secret of Breath" by an AOL member who is a professor in the business

    school of the National University of Singapore. A session in "Chair Yoga"

    followed this well-attended lecture. From the lecture style of the presenter, to

    his use of PowerPoint, to the rows of chairs in a hall, to the registration desk

    and the books for sale, I could not immediately distinguish this event from the

    many academic conferences and college classrooms I have know. Even the

    content of the talk remained within an academic frame of reference with

    footnotes and carefully delineated models of research. Not surprisingly for a

    professor of business at the podium, the workshop combined this academic

    model with styles popular in contemporary business workshops offered for

    human resources, executives, or sales personnel. have seen the

    workshop-lecture format, derived primarily from the academy but also from the

    business world, used in many other such religious-spiritual events in Singapore.

    began to wonder why these organizations adopted this interesting

    amalgamation of academic and business models. But, I also felt that this

    mirroring of our models created an odd reflection on my own role, making me

    comfortable with familiar spaces and procedures on the one hand, but

    concerned that this cont1uence too easily clouded our differences with terms

    like "study", "research," "course," and even "education."

    This confluence between an academic style and the many new guru-centered

    religious-spiritual movements is not seamless. For example, when I first began

    my research nine months ago, I presented my business card as I introduced

    myself to leading member of several of these organizations. I confess that I

  • Global Gurus in Motion 43

    expected my hard-won title of "Professor of Religion" in a "Department of

    Religion" to impress my potential "informants." Instead repeatedly, these

    well-educated people looked at my card and told me frankly that they liked

    neither my title nor the name of my department. Usually they launched into

    their own understanding of "Religion" as an adjunct or an aperture to higher

    spirituality at best or a danger to true spirituality at worst. After repeated

    incidents, I began to offer my card with an explanation that by "Religion" we

    also meant more than the "set of rules given to a section of the community to

    follow" and but also included the spiritual as "more of a personal basis, how

    you experience God for yourself' as one young Indian engineer defined the

    difference. Nonetheless, I had several enlightening but uncomfortable sessions

    when my interlocutors turned the tables and asked me to explain what I was

    doing there and what I could possibly have to "teach" about their spiritual

    movement if I did not approach the guru and the organization as a devotee or

    disciple? These issues never ended and I have felt myself welcomed as a

    potential member but at certain key moments realized myself as misunderstood,

    misinterpreted or outright suspected as academic "researcher." I became very

    aware that in the context of expanding Asian urban centers like Singapore, the

    field of "Religious Studies" or "the study of Religion," by its very name

    perches uneasily between deeply embedded common notions of "religion" and

    our own dual commitment to both descriptive analysis and understanding.

    Scene Two: Such moment that revealed differences between the academic

    and the acolyte occurred during one of the many meditation/yoga "courses,"

    which I attended during the year-usually strongly suggested or required as a

    preliminary to my interviewing any of the members or leader of the

    organization. Many of the guru-centered movements offer an introductory

    program lasting from two to seven days, usually termed a "course," which

    serves as both as an introduction to its teachings and practices and as an

    initiation into membership in the organization. On their website and m

    introductory talks promoting these sessions, spokespersons stress that the guru

  • has melted older traditions into an innovation practice for the contemporary

    world and now makes these powerful practices-in the past revealed only to a

    few adherents-available to everyone. There are no criteria for admission, no

    adhikara, the classic Sanskrit concept of prior fitness to study, the only

    requirements to take these courses-again on the model of a university

    extension course-are to "register" and usually to pay a "fee." The registration

    forms do not ask for anything beyond name, address, and email address and

    contact number. Such programs teach the special kriya or mediation-yogic

    practice developed by the guru. Interestingly, these special kriyas, which are

    considered to be unique, often appear with a registered trademarks on website

    and printed pamphlets: Sudarshan Kriyaยฎ of Sri Sri Ravishankar , JAM

    Techniqueยฎ (Integrated Amrita Meditation Technique) of Mata

    Amritanandamayi. All are protected as a "trade secrets," including the

    Shambhavi Maha Mudra Kriya of Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev and Rajayoga

    Power Transcendental Meditation of Yoga Jnana Sitthar. In all cases, I had to

    sign some version of a "confidentiality agreement" as a condition for taking

    the course. Jandama Dyana meditation technique of Shivarudra Balayogi

    remains the exception with no fees and no required pledge of secrecy.

    In one case, as I was seated for the yoga-mediation session, the young

    instructor dressed in saffron shawl explained the agreement as a way to prevent

    unauthorized teaching of this powerful kriya for illegitimate profit. Prior to the

    session I has given this instructor my business card and explained my purpose

    as being both an interested panicipant and as a research scholar working on

    worldwide spiritual movements. I had brought both my camera and very small

    digital recorder, which I turned off as soon as we began learning the secret

    techniques. However, the course combined instruction in technique with

    explanations of spirituality and meditation, during one of explanations when the

    instructor told us how to explain the importance of these techniques to curious

    friend and family, I turned on my recorder. Suddenly speaking from a stage,

    that instructor shouted that someone was spotted recording and that the person

    had already violated the confidentiality agreement. Stunned at this public

  • Global Gurus in Motion 45

    pronouncement rather than a quiet personal reproof, I emailed the instructor

    that night to explain my situation, that I had carefully policed myself and did

    nothing to reveal the technique and had recorded what was presented as a

    public explanation-the next day this instructor asked me to destroy the

    recording using a voice of authority, which would normally have been very

    inappropriate given the difference in our age and education. I had the feeling

    that in the eyes of the instructor, my status as a mere academic professor of

    religion was trumped by his/her status as a spiritual teacher of a powerful

    technique. I began to ponder this interesting juxtaposition between secrecy,

    authority. and the academic-like model of a "course " open to all.

    I could continue with more very specific stories but this complex array of

    striking parallels and paradoxes between the academic world and the rhetoric,

    public practices and organizational styles of the rising global gurus, needs

    descriptive formulation. At this point in my research I see three innovative

    adaptations from the modern educational styles that flow through many of the

    organizations:

    (I) the changing nature of the one-on-one relationship of the guru as teacher

    with the shishya or student-disciple;

    (2) the changing mode of presentation of the guru's teachings;

    (3) the change in rhetoric from traditional Sanskrit or Indian vernacular

    vocabulary to new tropes of discourse, which Srinivas Aravamudan calls

    "Guru English."4l

    All of these changes move the meaning of the guru as "teacher" from older

    models of discourse and instructional techniques in the millennium old Indian

    mystical traditions into a direct convergence and potential collision with the

    teaching and techn iques of the academic world. I am not necessarily viewing

    4) Aruvamudan, Srinivas, Guru English: South Asian Religion in a Cosmopolitan Language (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006)

  • these confluences as disastrous-but rather as a source of either problematic

    confusion or potential creativity.

    From Gurukul to Classroom and Back Again

    Typically a class in the special yoga and meditation techniques, called the

    kriya, offered by most of the guru-centered movements in Singapore numbers

    from 6 to 35 students. lsha Yoga instructors offer classes in "Inner

    Engineering" about every three months. The "teachers"-the term used in

    English-who are sent directly by Sadhguru from his ashram near Coimbatore

    in south India, receive considerable respect by the lsha volunteers and

    "mediators"-those who have taken course and come to the monthly "satsang"

    (group meetings). Each teacher undergoes special training only offered at the

    ashram and usually conducted by Sadhguru personally. For the Art of Living

    (abbreviate AOL) courses are sometim es smaller but are always offered to a

    group never to an individual. In AOL, again the instructors go for training at

    the ashram of Sri Sri Ravishankar in Bangalore. In both cases the training

    methods are kept confidential but one person who was beginning the initial

    step to becoming an Ish a teacher mentioned that in her training session,

    Sadhguru, by his special methods, guided her to an inner confrontation with

    her limitations and potentials. Her language echoed popular psychology mixed

    with terms from traditional Hindu philosophy. Both movements teach beginners

    in a class-with-teacher format but in later stages of advanced training, switch to

    a small group encounter with the guru that nonetheless is fell as a personal

    one-on-one experience.

    In other associations, the guru comes personally to teach his students, the

    encounter nonetheless occurs in a group sometimes numbers in the thousands.

    Shivarudra Balayogi (called Baba by his disciples) comes twice a year to

    Singapore to meet with his disciples/students in a spacious living room in a

    high-rise apartment building. He sits on an otherwise ordinary living room

  • Global Gurus in Motion 47

    couch, which was especially upholstered with a tiger skin fabric, and leads a

    group of about forty people in mediation. He then offers his teaching in a

    more Socratic question and answer session. He speaks in flawless English but

    dresses in the very traditional garb of a yogi-teacher. However, his assistant

    mentioned to me that when he teaches in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, Babaji

    sits in an auditorium with hundreds of followers. Indeed the largest class with

    a guru thatยท I attended was just across the causeway in Johor B_ahru, Malaysia

    where the guru initiated about 2000 people into special meditation techniques

    and practices. When Sri Sri Ravishankar came to Singapore this year, for a

    lecture, he led the 3000 attendees in mediation at the end of his program.

    In spite of claims to the ancientness of their traditions, the contemporary

    gurus teach their massive followers a common kriya during group sessions and

    via appointed surrogates. Gone are old models of the guru-shishya relationship

    so frequently portrayed in romantic sketches of the traditional gurukal on the

    covers of many school notebooks in India with one or twos disciples sitting

    next to their guru under the shade of a huge tree. However, these more

    traditional methods continue and offer a contrast to these new globally oriented

    organizations. In a conversation with a young teacher of yoga in Pudukkottai in

    Southern India, I asked directly about the difference between the traditional

    methods he had learned from his grandfather, who is 97 and still practicing

    yoga, and the current practices of Jsha yoga, which also has come to his small

    former capital of an erstwhile Princely state of Tamilnadu. The teacher, because

    lsha yoga is taught m a large groups, an instructorยท can never be certain that

    each person is doing the asanas, yogic postures, properly. "How can they see

    each person and know?" "This group teaching is not yoga but only exercises."

    When his grandfather taught him yoga, he attached a large ball to his

    grandson's stomach so the young man could begin to understand how a

    pregnant woman might feel doing yoga. In this way, his grandfather made him

    aware of each of his students and told him that a program of yoga must be

    adapted to each student's needs and abilities. As both a traditional teacher of

    yoga and a person pursuing a Ph. D. at a local university, Selvaraj remained

  • unconvinced that yoga could or should be taught in the large groups of 25 or

    30 students common in ISHA classes even in Pudukkottai.

    Far more than borrowing from the academic world, this move from the

    gurukal to the classrooms is intertwined with multiple changes in the

    understanding of the form and function of the kriya. I have heard many

    assertions from followers that doing the kriya en mass increasing the power for

    each participant. While both AOL and lsha expects that their mediators will do

    the kriya alone at home each morning, both enjoin "mediators" to come

    regularly to groups sessions. For AOL, the "long" Sudarshan Kriya must be

    done once a week and always in a group. For lsha, all mediators (those who

    have completed the basic course) are urged to attend the monthly Satsang

    where the Shambhavi Maha Mudra Kriya is practiced together. It is important

    to remember that the academic form of a class, in the hands of the global

    guru, transforms into much more than a teaching tool.

    From Discourse to DVD and Video Projection

    When lsha volunteers set up a classroom for the Inner Engineering program,

    they arrange a curious combination of objects in the front of the room. A

    large white banner with the words "Inner Engineering-Peak of Well being" and

    a rough red triangle enclosing the words, "Welcome to the Silent Revolution of

    Self Realization" hangs on the wall. A framed photograph of Sadhguru Jaggi

    Vasudev perched up on the back of a chair draped in white cloth stands next

    to a glass-covered flaming lamp surrounded by flowers. Far to the right a huge

    television stands also draped in a white cloth. That digital screen will carry

    images of the guru elegantly dressed in turban and flowing robes teaching a

    small group of devotees---the location of this class is never specified-which

    via a DVD becomes a key part of the instruction that evening.

    When Sri Sri Ravishankar lectured on "Practical Wisdom for Personal

    Excellence" in the Suntec City, International Convention & Exhibition Centre in

  • Global Gurus in Motion 49

    Singapore, most of the audience saw him close-up via two huge video screens

    at both sides of the dais where he sat elegantly robed on a throne-like divan

    surrounded by huge vases and pots of flowers. When he rose to speak, he

    often moved to the edge of the dais, leaned over the railings, and looked at

    those who were close enough to see him face to face. He also frequently

    addressed his remarks to those at the very back of this auditorium, gesturing in

    their direction. However, the only hope of their actually seeing his face was

    via these screens. Interestingly the videographer often played creatively with the

    video projections so that while the live image of Guruji, which I caught on

    my camera, shows his body melded into to a melange of plants, flowers, signs,

    and human heads, the videographer eliminated all this. The majority of the

    audience saw Guruji ' s intense profile shadowed onto a pure blue background.

    Both Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev and His Holiness Sri Sri Ravishankar, teach in

    sty le that mirrors the popular professor in a large classroom or the celebrity

    writer giving a sold-out talk. But the guru's discourse reach a level of media

    and media savvy that surpasses the professor and her PowerPoint, or the writer

    addressing her devoted fans. These are deeply religious (they would day

    spiritual) events were the media enhances the power of both the guru's person

    and message. I have seen PowerPoint and data video projectors used during

    regular satsangs of organizations as seeming different as the Amriteswari

    Society of Amritanandamayi {the Hugging Guru) to meeting of the many Satya

    Sai Baba organizations in Singapore. The ever present data video projector and

    screen of the modern university classrooms, which allow instructors to reach

    and interest otherwise bored students in necessarily large classes, are now also

    the tools for spiritual instruction and for creating a mediated sense of intimacy

    between the guru and the students that defies space and even time.5)

    5) At a recent Satsang, I participated in a guided mediation via CD in which the guru guided us via our imaginations from a quiet garden to floating above the world and landing in a forest. As all fifty of us sat along the walls of a large room, each of was to imagine ourselves going alone into to a very traditional small cottage in the forest to meet our "spiritual master."

  • From Sadhana to "Research"

    Many of the gurus claim that out of their deep resolve (sankulpa) to find a

    modern means for their followers to achieve peace and happiness, they

    undertook long sadhana or intense spiritual practices often involving both yoga

    and deep meditation. Out of these austerities emerged the insight, the

    revelation, of their particularly powerful form of kriya. Yet at the same time,

    most gurus also provide or refer to "scientific evidence" on their websites or

    in their discourses that proves the effectiveness of their practices on the health

    and wellbeing of their adherents. Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev punctuates many of

    his engaging discourses, available to the public on DVD or to his mediators

    during satsang or his courses, with constant reference to contemporary physics

    or physiology. The same is true of H. H. Sri Sri Ravishankar whose

    references, however, emerge as much from psychology as physics. In the

    introductory lecture for the Art of Living mentioned above, Prof. Narayanan

    drew carefu lly documented parallels between his Guruji's mediation techniques

    and studies of the effectiveness of "mindfulness" on success both in business

    and in daily social life. He used data from research done at business school

    and in departments of psychology (especially "parapsychology" in which some

    recognized universities conduct research).6J Prof. Narayanan foresees a future

    when meditation techniques will become part of school curricula.

    Ironically one of the most aggressive cases of borrowing academic discourse

    -again mostly from the sciences-occurred at the mediation session in Johor

    Basu conducted by Yoga Jnana Sitthar Om Sri Rajayoga Guru usually called

    6} A simple web search shows the following universlltes engaged in some form of this research in the USA "The Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizonaยทยทยท ; Princeton University Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEA R) [recently closed], with a focus on the "Scientific Study of Consciousness-Related Physical Phenomena" including paranormal studies and remote perceptionยท ยทยท Duke University's Rhine Research Center is "an Institute for the Study of Consciousness," and offers many psi-related courses, workshops, and seminars" "(http://www. hollowh i ll.com/ghost-hunti nglparapsychologydegree.htm accessed June 8, 2008)

  • Global Gurus in Motion 51

    His Divine Grace, or HDG. Speaking only in Tamil, this increasingly popular

    guru (he is usually understood by his adherents as a master Siddhar, a difficult

    term to translate, perhaps "wizard" in the Harry Potter) was introduced by his

    disciples describing him as achieving the equivalent of a "Ph.D. in Metaphysics

    and Parapsychology." His address and those of others were all simultaneously

    translated in to English and Mandarin via headphones and as I listened to both

    the translation and the Tamil, I asked the Tamil-English translator, who held a

    Ph.D. in the sciences about terminology. He assured me that when he

    translated the description of his guru 's life (always called His Divine Grace or

    HOG) in which HDG conducted twenty-seven years of "research" (Tamil,

    arachi) into the yogic practices, that his translation was as literal as possible.

    In a later email clarifying this, I began to realize that the term "research"

    meant that the guru experimented, as my kind respondent put it, "practically

    tested the meditations techniques, discovered the subtle secrets and any

    shortcomings in the methods and then modified the methods so that common

    people like us can use the yoga sakthi power." In his formal address His

    Divine Grace also affirmed, "I have done research--Not out of a book but out

    of experience." Later in the program, a session explicitly detailed evidence in a

    carefully prepared PowerPoint presentation in English that the power of such

    forms of mediation and yoga on human health and wellbeing are scientifically

    verifiable.

    With so many of their adherents drawn from the educates classes of Asia,

    particularly those who have profited by the rapidly economic globalization and

    outsourcing in computer technologies, scientific and other academic reference

    adds both a familiarity as well as a legitimacy to these rising spiritual

    practices. Kriyas drawn from many very old yogic postures and meditation

    practices once classified as "superstitious" now move to the legitimacy of

    scientifically verifiable techniques; the gurus' experimentations with such

    techniques, traditionally called sadhanas, are affirmed as equivalent, even

    surpassing, the kind of knowledge confirmed by a Ph.D. However, these

    borrowed terms from the world of academics, also become useful tools for a

  • critical assessment of the failure of the university systems to provide any real

    knowledge beyond the description and manipulation of the gross material world.

    Putting University Education in its Place

    Although there are many examples, Sadhguru Jaggi's discourses excel in the

    art of using and yet critiquing the academic world often within a single

    paragraph.?> In Mystic 's Musings8J, Sadhguru discusses the difference between

    philosophy~n this case Hindu-and his way of being,

    There is a different kind of understanding in you. When you

    intellectually understand, it leads only to these deceptive states. When

    you experientially know, it is different"ยท A philosophy like that will

    give you some semblance of balance in you life, but it does not

    liberate you from deeper karma ... But slowly if a person does this

    philosophy .. ยทslowly they will become joyless. They will become

    reasonably balanced and stable; at the same time they will slowly

    become lifeless. ( 185)

    Enfolded into this paragraph the more classical forms of Indian intellectual

    pursuits, as well as the university's "intellectual" methods, are contrasted with a

    better epistemology (a term Sadhguru would not use)-experience. Often his

    emphasis on "experience" vs. "intellectualism" (sometimes described as "book"

    learning in the discourses of many other gurus) meld "experiment" m science

    with "experiential learning." However, philosophy (and much of what we would

    call the humanities) are often glossed as joyless and stultifying pursuits or

    7) While many of his discourses remain on DVD's that are not available for public use or even quotation, many of his discourse have been published in print or as OVOs.

    8) New Delhi: Wisdom Tree, 2003.

  • Global Gurus in Motion 53

    ignored completely.

    I suspect that the misconceptions about my own research in many of the

    guru-centered organizations were exasperated by my questions which did not

    dwell as a social scientist on the data or statistics of the organization only-

    that is a truly external and objective view, but rather on the meaning of the

    organization for it members--on understanding the power of the guru and the

    practices in their lives. I was asking about experience about the inner as well

    as the external life of participants, but so often I was distressed when l heard

    a yoga instructor tell a students not to "philosophize" when they ventured to

    ask for the meaning or the symbolic sense of any of the asanas-yogic posture

    that we were learning. Such questions were out of bounds. Finally I offer

    another vignette, concerning a more direct confrontation between the academic

    world and the teachings of the guru.

    At the very beginning of the "Inner Engineering" seven-day program of

    Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev, I felt immediately confronted by an irony. The very

    title of the program borrowed heavily from the world of universities. In the

    many discourses by Sadhguru presented via DVD, which punctuated our long

    hours of learning the kriya, he openly criticized "education" and "educational

    systems" of universities as examples of a dangerous overvaluation of the

    logical and rationalistic mode of thought in contradiction to a more intuitive

    practice. I challenged what I saw as an unfair dualism tn his presentation and

    wrote my first "homework" paper on this:

    We also once again learned the problems with university education,

    which I could not fully agree. Certainly in the technologies, applied

    sciences, and in business administration the split between logical and

    intuitive education seem accurate. However at the heart of the

    American university remain the Liberal Arts or the Humanities, whose

    aim is cultivating empathy: to introduce our students to wholes, to

    ideas, and to people and invite them to see and feels their lives. This

    is the long strain of phenomenology in which argues, much like

  • Satguru, that we can feel with and for others because of our shared

    humanity, our shared bodily sensations and needs and feelings. In the

    field of Religious Studies we go farther and affirm that humans also

    share a sense of infinitude along with a profound sense of the finite

    qua!ity of our own lives.

    However, I do agree that nonetheless our methods differ. We can

    offer no pragmatic or immediate way to expand this consciousness

    outside of long processes of actual study. Perhaps this is why so many

    academic teachers of Religious Studies also are keen students of yoga.

    Issues of how to blend or borrow or synthesize these two forms of

    education are as yet unsolved but it is not here a matter of university

    versus the ashram. The university, however, will remain committed to

    a certain critical distance, enough to both see into, to gain insights but

    also to see through all forms of knowledge. I am sure Satguru would

    not want devotees without critical facility---not in the sense of criticize

    but in keeping their own thinking and feeling skills keen, as he say

    gaining "clarity."

    My frustration with an assumed dualism between the academic world as the

    bastion of hard rationalism and the guru as the teacher of the totally neglected

    "other side" remains the core of the issues, I think that we need to discuss.

    For those of building programs in Religious Studies, especially in major

    universities in Asia, this in-between status of our field will become increasingly

    important in the future.

    Like Jeffrey Kripal in his provocative new book, The Serpent's Gift: Gnostic

    Reflections on the Study of Religion9J (2007), I understand Religious Studies as

    interdisciplinary and yet as a field apart because of our special relationship to

    the experiences we study.IOl Kripal begins his . book with a story of his

    9) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. I 0) But distinct from Kripal, certain aspects or contemporary "mystical" movements-

    the blend of business and academic models make his discussion of religious studies as "Gnostic" becomes more complex.

  • Global Gurus in Motion 55

    encounter with a scholar monk who told him that today "any contemporary

    scholar with a Ph.D. in religious studies knows more about religion than any

    revered church father or canonize saint" (ix-x). Sometimes I have also felt that

    I "knew more" than the gurus as I listened to their errors relating the religious

    history of Hindu and well as Christians. But what I also saw and experienced

    is their ability to make their lessons come alive in their students. They

    willingly to don the robes of Guide and Authority, which for the last two

    decades, we have shunned-perhaps wisely but perhaps forfeiting all too

    quickly the power inherent in our maturing discipline.

  • ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋“ค - ์ข…๊ตํ•™์—์˜ ๋„์ „ -

    ์กฐ์•ˆํ‘ผ์กฐ์›จ๊ทธํ˜ผ.

    ๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์ด๋ฏผ์ง€๏ผŒ ๋ฐ•ํ˜œ๋ฏธ ..

    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ โ€œํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋“ค: ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฝ”์Šค๋ชจํด๋ฆฌํƒ€๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜

    (Global Gurus in Motion: Spirituality and a new Cosmopolitanism)"๋ผ ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋ถ™

    ์—ฌ์ง„ ๋” ํฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ํ•œ ์ผํ™˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡

    ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๊ธ€์ด ์ถœํŒ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ์šฉ

    ์„ ์‚ผ๊ฐ€๊ธธ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ดˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค.

    ใ€‚์จ์•„์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์„œ์šธ์€ ๋‚ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด

    (S ingapore)์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒธ๋‚˜์ด(Chennai)์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ๏ผŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์‹œ์— ์œ„

    ์น˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด ์ž‘์—…์˜ ํ˜„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค.

    ํ”„๋กค๋กœ๊ทธ: ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ด๋ก  ์•ˆ์— ์ด ํŽ˜์ดํŽ™๋ฅผ ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ

    ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ„๋ฝ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ{Barak Obama)๊ฐ€ ํŽผ์น˜๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ์šด๋™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด

    ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ข…๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„(pa๋Œ€digm)

    ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—”ํ…Œ์ด์…˜(re-Orientation) I )์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€

    ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹๋ฏผ์ฃผ์˜(Colonia lism)๋‚˜ ๋™์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ์–‘์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—

    ๊ณ ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— ํŽผ์ณ์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ฌ

    ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจํ„ด(postm odern)์ด๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ์‹๋ฏผ์ฃผ์˜(postcolonial)์ด๋ก ๏ผŒ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์  ์ž์ด์ •

    ์ฒด์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ(ethic identity formation) , 1 990๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋””์•„์Šคํฌ๋ผ{diaspora)์—

    * ์‹œ๋ผํ์Šค ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜ .* ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ข…๊ตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •

    1) ํ•„์ž๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋“ค์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ญ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํŠน์ • ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง ๋„๋ก ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ธ€๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํžˆ๋Š” ํŽธ์ด ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ธ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์— ์›๋ฌธ์˜ฌ ์‹ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ‘์ค„๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค~(์—ญ์ฃผ)

  • 58 ์ข…๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”

    ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๏ผŒ ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๋„์‹œํ™”๋œ ์•„์‹œ์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ

    ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋„์‹œํ™”๋œ ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜(fundamentalism) ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์›

    ์ฃผ์˜(f์˜๋Œ„์ง๋”ฐ)์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ธ ์ข…๊ต์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์˜ฌ ์‹ธโ€ํžˆ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด

    ์˜์ -์ข…๊ต์ (spiritual-religious )2) ์šด๋™์€ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ „ํ†ต์ธ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ(gurus)์— ๊ธฐ์›

    ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ๏ผŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ „์—ญ3)๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด

    ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๏ผŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊นŒ์ง€ ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๏ผŒ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๏ผŒ ์ง์ง“

    ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์ด ๊ณง ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด

    ์šด๋™๋“ค์ด ใ€‚์”จ์•„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฟŒJํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…๊ตํ•™์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ

    ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค.

    ์ข…๊ตํ•™{Religious studies), ํŠนํžˆ ์ข…๊ต์‚ฌํ–„the H istorv of RelรŒ!!รon)์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด

    ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ข…๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…๊ต ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…๊ต์‚ฌํ•™

    ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ์š”์•„ํ‚ด ๋ฐ”ํ˜ธ(Joachim VVach)๋Š” ์ข…๊ต ์ง€๋„์ž์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ

    ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์ข…๊ต์  ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ง‰์Šค ๋ฒ ๋ฒ„(M ax VV eber)์˜ ๋’ค

    ๋ฅผ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ข…๊ตํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ข…๊ต์  ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ข…์ข… ํ†ต์ผ์„  ์ƒ์—์„œ

    ์ข…๊ต์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ฌ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ผˆ๏ผŒ ์ง€B}์™€ ์ถ”์ข…์ž ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ข…๊ต์„ฑ์˜ฌ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜

    ๋‹ค ์„ ํƒ๏ผŒ ๊ฐœ์ข…๏ผŒ ์‹ ๋น„์ฃผ์˜๏ผŒ ์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ

    ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋’ค์—๋Š” โ€œ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ข…๊ต(founded religions)"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

    ์ด ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ข…๊ต๋Š” ๊ทธ ์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์ ์ธ ์ง€๋„์ž์™€ ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ œ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต

    ๊ณผ์„œ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ข…๊ต์˜ ๋ช…๋‹จ์— ๋‚˜์—ด๋œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์„ฑ โ€œ์ „ํ†ต1Traditions)โ€์„ ์„ค

    ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ข…๊ต์‚ฌํ•™์ง€๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œ๋„์ข…๊ต๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ๋‹น

    ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์™€ ์ œ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋งŒํผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ 7๋…€}์šด์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธ

    ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…๊ตํ•™์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋ง‰์Šค ์œŒ๋Ÿฌ(Max M๋น„ler)๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ 1899๋…„์— ๋ฒ 

    ๋‹ค ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ธ๋„์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ข…๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฑ…์˜ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฐํžˆ ์ถœํŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

    ์ด ์ฑ…์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฑ…๊ฐˆ์˜ ์‹ ๋น„์ฃผ์˜์ž์ด์ž ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์ธ ๋ผ๋งˆํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šˆ๋‚˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ธ๏ผŒ

    2) ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด(Anglophone Singapore)์—์„œ โ€œ์ข…ํŒŒreligion)"๋‚˜ โ€œ์ข…๊ต์  (religious)"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ž๋“ค์€ โ€œ์ข…๊ตโ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ต๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์Šต๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™์ผ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‹  ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ ์šด ํž˜๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ฌ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” โ€œ์˜์„ฑ(spirituality)"์ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•œ ๋‹ค

    3) ๋ƒ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜ธ์ฃผ(Australia)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ํฐ ์ธ๋„ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธ ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ๋ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์šดํ†ต์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด๋„๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์˜ฌ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํ‹€ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

  • ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ๋ฃจํ‹€ S9

    Ramakrishna His Life and Sayings์ด๋‹ค.

    2 1 ์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…๊ตํ•™๊ณผ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ

    ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ข…๊ต ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด

    ์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ข…๊ตํ•™๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์—์„œ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€ํ–‰์ด ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ โ€œ์คŒ

    ์ฒด ์œ„์น˜(Subiect Dosition)"์— ์ดˆ์ ์˜ฌ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ ๏ผŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ โ€œ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌโ€๋ฅผ

    ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ ์ดํ›„๏ผŒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ด์ œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹A๋กœ

    ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์ž์™€ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ โ€œํžŒ๋‘์ด์ฆ˜รญHinduism)"๏ผŒ

    โ€œ์ด์Šฌ๋žจIslam)"๏ผŒ โ€œ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต(Christianitv)"์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž๋กœ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค

    ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ๏ผŒ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ข…๊ต์  ์šด๋™์˜ ์ง€ํ™”์™€ ํšŒ์›์€๏ผŒ ํ•™๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ข…๊ตํ•™๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•ธ

    ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ฌ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ 

    ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ˜•์‹๏ผŒ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ{rhetoric)4 )๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋งˆ์Œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋นŒ๋ ค์˜จ๋‹ค.

    ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์งํ‹€์„ ์ฐฝ๊ฑดํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”

    ์ข…๊ตํ•™์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ

    ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ต์œก ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ๋ณ‘ํ†ต์น˜์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธด๋‹ค.

    ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šด๋™๋“ค์€ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„

    ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ œ

    ์กฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๏ผŒ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ 

    ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์™€ ์ด๊ณณ ์„œ์šธ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹์—์˜

    ์˜์กด์€ ์‹œํ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค

    ์ด๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ž๋…€๋“ค์˜ฌ ์ผ๋ฅ˜ ํ•™๊ต์— ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜์ด์— ํ‰๋ก์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ฉ๋ฉด์„ ๋’ค๋กœ ํ•˜

    ๊ณ  ๋– ๋‚œ โ€œ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ๋งˆ๋”(studv mothers)"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดํ‹€์„ ํฌํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•™๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„

    ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ƒ์•„ํƒ‘์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€์œ„์™€ ํž˜์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์›์ฒœ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•™์œ„(THE DEGREE)๋Š”

    ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ์ „๋ฌธ์น™์˜ ์ง€์œ„๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฃจํŠธ๋กœ์„œ๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ

    ์ œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํšŒ์›์นด๋“œ๋กœ์„œ ์ ์  ๋” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

    ๊ณผํ•™์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ข…๊ต์  ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์€ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„ค ๋‹น์‹œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ

    ๊ตญ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•œ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ด์Šˆ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 21 ์„ธ๊ธฐ o}์‹œ์•„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ฐจ์šฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ

    ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋•Œ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋˜ ์˜์—ญ์˜ฌ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ

    ํ•™์  ์–ธ์–ด๏ผŒ ํ•™์ˆ ์  ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ข…๊ต ๋‹จ์ฒด์™€

    ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ข…๊ต์„ฑ๏ผŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ โ€œ์˜์„ฑ(spirituality)"์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

    4) ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ข…๊ตํ•™ ๊ณ ์ „์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ํ๊ธฐ๋œ ์ด๋ก ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํŽธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ (search)์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์„œ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

  • 60 ์ด๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”

    ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด๏ผŒ ์˜ฌ ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์„ ์—„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž(senior research

    fellow)๋กœ์„œ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์—์„œ ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค.

    ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์žฅ์—ฐ(Scene One): ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ์ข…์˜ ๊ด€์ค‘๋“ค๊ณผ

    ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ข…์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์Šค๋ฆฌ ์Šค๋ฆฌ ๋ผ๋น„์ƒ์นด(Sri Sri

    Ravisbankar)๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์žฅ์„ ๋งก์€ ์•„ํŠธ ์˜ค๋ธŒ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ™ ํŒŒ์šด๋ฐ์ด์…˜(Art of Living

    Foundation. ๋ณดํ†ต AOL์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ์นญํ•จ)์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ โ€œ์ผ์ผ ์š”๊ฐ€ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ(One Day

    Y oga W orkshop)"์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์ƒ๊ณตํšŒ์˜์†Œ์—์„œ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€

    ํฌ๋ฅด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ํ›„์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค๊ณผ ์ถ”

    ์ข…์žํ‹€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ตฌ๋คผguru)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ์ตœํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘

    ํ•œ ์„ธ์…˜์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ โ€œ๋ฅผ๋ก๋ฒŒ

    ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ{global gurus)'โ€™๋ผ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์€ โ€œ์›ฐ๋ฒ™(Well Being), ๊นจ์–ด์žˆ์Œ

    (m indflllness, ์—† ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ธํ™‰์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€โ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ๏ผŒ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Œ€ ๊ต

    ์ˆ˜์ธ AOL ํšŒ์›์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œํฌ์ธํŠธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ํฌํ•ฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค ์ด ์ถœ์„๋ฅ  ์ข‹์€ ์บ‰์˜ ๋‹ค

    ์Œ์œผ๋กœ โ€œ์ฒด์–ด ์š”๊ฐœChair yoga)SI"์˜ ์„ธ์…˜์ด ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์—์„œ

    ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œํฌ์ธํŠธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๏ผŒ ํ˜ ์•ˆ์˜ ์˜์ž์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๏ผŒ ํ‰๋ก ๋ฐ์Šคํฌ๏ผŒ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฑ…

    ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ˆ  ํšŒ์˜๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค๊ณผ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ ๊ตฌ

    ๋ถ„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์‹ ์ค‘ํžˆ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ฃผ

    ์™€ ์ธ์šฉ์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ํ‹€ ์•ˆ์— ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ถ€๏ผŒ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๏ผŒ ์˜์—…์‚ฌ์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š”

    ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ

    ์ด ์—ฐ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์—†t๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ

    ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๊ต์  ์˜์  ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”๏ผŒ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์—…๊ณ„

    ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ƒํ•œ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์˜ ํ˜•์‹์˜ฌ ๋ด์™”๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์ฒดํ‹€์ด ํ•™์ˆ ์ฒ™

    ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์œตํ•ฉ์˜ฌ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ

    ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด

    ๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ˆ™๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹คํ” ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ

    ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” โ€œ์Šคํ„ฐ๋””(stlldy)โ€๏ผŒ โ€œ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜(reseaฯ€h)" ๏ผŒ โ€œ์ฝ”์‡ cOllrse)'โ€™๏ผŒ ๊ทธ

    ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด โ€œ์—๋“€์ผ€์ด์…˜(education)โ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฉ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„

    5) ์ฒด์–ด ์š”๊ฐ€{Chair Yoga)๋Š” ์˜์ž ์œ„์— ์•‰๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜์ง€์— ๋ชธ์˜ฌ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์š”๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฅด๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋ฏผ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ž์„ธ๋Š” ํ•˜ํƒ€ ์š”๊ฐ€{Hatha Yoga)์˜ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค์™”๋‹ค (์—ญ์ฃผ)

  • ํ™œํ†ต ์ค‘์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ๋ฃจํ‹€ 61

    ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์—ผ๋ คํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

    ํ•™์ˆ ์  ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๊ต์ -์˜์  ์šด๋™ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€

    ์œตํ•ฉ์ด ํ•œ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 9๊ฐœ์›” ์ „ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„

    ๋ฌด๋ ต๏ผŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๊ธ‰ ํšŒ์›์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ๋•Œ๏ผŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜

    ๋ช…ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” โ€œ์ข…๊ตํ•™ํŒจDepartment of Religion)โ€์˜ โ€œ์ข…๊ตํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜

    (Professor of Religion)โ€๋ผ๋Š” ์–ป๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ํƒ€์ดํ‹€์ด ๋‚˜์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์ž์—๊ฒŒ

    ์ข‹์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒA๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์‘์„ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž˜ ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค

    ์€ ๋‚ด ๋ช…ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ํƒ€์ดํ‹€๊ณผ ๋ถ€์„œ๋ช…์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ

    ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜์„ฑ์— ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋˜๊ณ ๏ผŒ ์ž˜ํ•˜

    ๋ฉด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์†๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์ข…๊ต ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ

    ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ๋‚œ ์ดํ›„๏ผŒ ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ โ€œ์ข…๊ตโ€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ โ€œ๊ณต

    ๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™๋“คโ€์˜ฌ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ๋–ผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ

    ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์‹ ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•โ€์ธ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜์˜

    ๋ช…ํ•จ์˜ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๊ต์™€ ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„์€ ํ•œ ์ Š์€ ์ธ๋„์ธ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ

    ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋Œ€A ugust 16, 2007). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฝ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๋ชฝ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„

    ๋ถˆ๋ฉดํ•œ ์„ธ์…˜์˜ฌ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹ด์ž๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์„ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ1 ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์™€ ๋‹จ

    ์ฒด์— ์‹ ์ž๋‚˜ ์ œ์ž๋กœ ์ ‘๋ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์˜ฌ ํ• ์ง€๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์ ์ธ

    ์šดํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ โ€œ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ฒ  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„โ€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธธ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด

    ์Šˆ๋“ค์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํšŒ์›์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ™˜์˜ ๋ฐ›

    ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ๏ฟก๋‚˜๏ผŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์˜คํ•ด ๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜๏ผŒ ์˜ค์ธ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ํ•™์ˆ ์ 

    โ€œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žโ€™๋กœ์„œ ๋…ธ๊ณจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‹ญ๋ฐ›์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•˜๋Š”

    ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋„์‹œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ โ€œ์ข…๊ตํ•™{Religious Studies ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐฐe study

    of Religioo)"์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ต ์ด๋ฆ„์— ์˜ํ•ด๏ผŒ ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ๋ฐ•ํžŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฒ™์ธ โ€œ์ข…๊ตโ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ๏ผŒ

    ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ์  ๋ถ„์„ํŒŒ ์ดํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ

    ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ฌ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

    ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์žฅ๋ฉด(Scene Two): ํ•™์ž์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„

    ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ช…์‹ฑ7์š”๊ฐ€ โ€œ์ฝ”์Šค๋ฅผโ€™ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋™์•ˆ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ง€ํƒ€๋‚˜ ํšŒ์›

    ์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ฝ”์Šค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜

    ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์šด๋™์€ ๋ณดํ†ต โ€œ์ฝ˜์†

    ฮน์˜๋Œ„E๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋Š”๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ๊ณผ ์˜๋ก€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์™€ ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ํšŒ์›์ด ๋˜๋Š”

  • 62 ์ข…๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”

    ์ž…๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ดํ‹€์—์„œ 7์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๊ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žฉ์˜ฌ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ

    ์„ธ์…˜์„ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์™€ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ดํ™”์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜

    ๋œ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ํ˜์‹ ํ•œ ์˜๋ก€๋กœ ๋…น์—ฌ๋ƒˆ๊ณ ๏ผŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์˜ค

    ์ง ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ด‰์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Œ์˜ฌ

    ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋„๏ผŒ ์•„๋””์นด๋ž˜adhikra)6)๋„ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™

    ์˜ ์—ฐ์žฅ๋œ ์ฝ”์Šค์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ฌ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฝ”์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ค์ง ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ โ€œํ‰๋กโ€

    ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ†ต โ€œ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฃŒโ€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ’๋ก ํ˜•์‹์€ ์ด๋ฆ…๏ผŒ ์ฃผ์†Œ๏ผŒ ๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ ์—ฐ๋ฝ

    ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ ์™ธ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žฉ์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์— ์˜

    ํ•ด ๊ณ„๋ฐœ๋œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์–˜kriva) ์ฆ‰ ๋ช…์ƒยท์š”๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ จ์˜ฌ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ผ๋ฌด์ดํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š”

    ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์•ผ๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ข…์ข… ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋‚˜ ์ถœํŒ๋œ ํŒํ”Œ๋ ›์— ํ‰๋ก๋œ ํŠธ

    ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋งˆํฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค ์Šค๋ฆฌ ์Šค๋ฆฌ ๋ผ๋น„์–‘์นด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹ค๋ฅด์‚ฐ ํฌ๋ฆฌใ€‚R'Sudarshan

    k๊พ€์•จL ๋งˆํƒ€ ์•”๋ฆฌํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๋งˆ์ด์˜ ์ด์•” ํ…Œํฌ๋‹ˆํฌ(IAM Techiniaue-Integrated Amrita

    Meditation techniaue). ์ด๋“ค์€ Shambhavi Maha Mudra Kriya of Sadhguru Jaggi

    Vasudev์™€ Yoga Jnana Sitthar์˜ โ€œ๋ผ์ž์š”๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํŠธ๋žœ์„ผ๋ฉ˜ํƒˆ ๋ฉ”๋””ํ…Œ์ด์…˜

    (Raiayoga Power Transcendental Meditation)โ€์„ ํฌํ•ฉํžˆ๋Š” โ€œํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ์‹œํฌ๋ฆฟ(ฯ€ade

    ์š•๋œจ์›ฐE์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฝ”์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‘ฅ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ โ€œ๋น„

    ๋ฐ€ ์—„์ˆ˜ ํ•ฉ์˜(ag๋Œ„ement)"์— ์‚ฌ์ธํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค ์‹œ๋ฐ”๋ฃจ๋“œ๋ผ ๋ฐœ๋ผ์š”๊ธฐ(Shivarudra

    Balayogi)์˜ โ€œ์ฐฌ๋‹ค๋งˆ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ{Jandama Dyana)โ€ ๋ช…์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ํ‘œL ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์—„์ˆ˜ ๋งน์„ธ

    ๋„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ด๋‹ค.

    ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์ƒ ์„ธ์…˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ƒคํ”„๋ก  ์ˆ์„ ์—…์€ ์ Š์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ

    (instructor)๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์  ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ๏ผŒ ์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์—  ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜

    ๋Š” ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ์…˜์— ์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ ๋ช…ํ•จ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ

    ๊ณ ๏ผŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์˜์„ฑ ์šด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™

    ์ž ํˆด ๋‹ค๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋‚˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์…œ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ฌ

    ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๊ผˆ๋˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋…น์Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ

    ๋ช…์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์…œ๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์ฝ”์Šค์—์„œ๏ผŒ ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌ

    ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์˜ฌ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์˜ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์— ๋‚˜

    ๋Š” ๋…น์Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋”˜ ๊ฐ•์‹œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋…น์Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ

    ์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์—„์ˆ˜ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏธ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ณค๋‹ค. ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…๋ง๋„

    ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์„ ์–ธ์— ํ™ฉ๋‹นํ•ด์ ธ์„œ๏ผŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ์ฃผ์˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ

    6) ๊ณต๋ถ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์  ์ž์งˆ(fitness)์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „ ์‚ฐ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฐœ๋…. ( ์—ญ์ฃผ)

  • ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ๋ฃจํ‹€ 63

    ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ˆ„์„คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ฌ ๋ถ์Œํ–ˆ

    ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๊ทธ ๋‚  ๋ฐค ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚  ์ด ๊ฐ•์‹œ๋Š” ๋‚˜

    ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์‹์  ๊ถŒ์œ„์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋…น์Œ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์™€

    ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ A๋กœ ๋ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

    ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ˆˆ ์†์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ข…๊ตํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ง€์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์˜

    ์ ์ธ ์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ดด๋…€์˜ ์ง€์œ„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์œ„์— ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„๋ฐ€๏ผŒ ๊ถŒ์œ„

    ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจํ…”์˜ฌ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•œ โ€œ์ฝ”์Šค์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๊ด€

    ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

    ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•™๋ฌธ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด

    ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ํ‰ํ–‰ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์—ญ์„ค๏ผŒ ๊ณต์  ์˜๋ก€์™€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ธ

    ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์€ ๊ธฐ์‰ดํ E่ฟฐ)์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด ์ง€์ 

    ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๊ต์œก ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜์‹ ์  ํ˜•

    ํƒœ๋ฅผ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.

    (1) ์„ ์ƒ์œผํ˜น์„œ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์™€ ์‹œ์จshishya) ํ˜น์€ ์ œ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€ํ™”

    (2) ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”

    (3) ์ „ํ†ต์  ์‚ฐ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋‚˜ ์ธ๋„ ํ† ์ฐฉ ์–ดํœ˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Šค๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”์Šค ์•„๋ผ๋ฐ”๋ฌด๋‹จ(Srinivas

    Aravamudan)์ด โ€œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์˜๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‰ฌ(Guru English)โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด

    ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๋ณ€ํ™”

    ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€ํšŒ๋Š” โ€œ์„ ์ƒโ€์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋œ ์˜ค๋žœ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์‹ ๋น„์ 

    ์ „ํ†ต์˜ ์ง€์‹œ์  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ง‘์ค‘๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™๋ฌธ

    ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ง์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ถฉ๋Œ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œตํ•ฉ์˜ฌ

    ์žฌ์•™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋™ ํ˜น์€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์›

    ์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธด๋‹ค.

    ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์ฟจ(Gurukul)์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ธฐ

    ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์—์„œ 6-35๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ ์ •๋„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์š”๊ฐ€์™€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์•ผ

    ฮน๋”ฑ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ช…%์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์šด๋™์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ๋‹ค.

  • 64 ์ข…๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”

    ์ด์ƒค ์š”7l(Isha Yoga) ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต ์„ธ ๋‹ฌ๋งˆ๋‹ค โ€œ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฐœ์ขŒInner-Engineering)"๋ผ๋Š”

    ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€ ์ฝ”์ž…๋ฐ”ํ† ๋ฅด{Coimbatore) ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ

    ์˜ ์•„์Šˆ๋ฆผ(ashram)~๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๏ผŒ ์˜์–ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€œํ‹ฐ์ณ(teacheฯ€)โ€๋Š” ์ด

    ์ƒค ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž์™€ โ€œ์ค‘๊ฐœ์žฌmediators)'โ€™์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์กด๊ฒฝ์˜ฌ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•์˜

    ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ฌ์ด โ€œ์‚ฌํŠธ์ƒsatsang)"์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ์ž„์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ต์‹œ๋Š”

    ์˜ค์ง ์•„์‰ฌ๋ž์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ A๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›

    ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์•„ํŠธ ์˜ค๋ธŒ ๋ฆฌ๋น™(Art of Living) ์ฝ”์Šค๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ  (์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ทœ

    ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ง์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ) ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. AOL์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š”

    ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฑ…๊ฐˆํšBangalore)์˜ ์Šค๋ฆฌ ์Šค๋ฆฌ ๋ผ๋น„์ƒ์นด์˜ ์•ผ์Šˆ๋žŒ์— ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค.

    ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€์— ๋ถ€์ณ์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒค ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„

    ํ•œ ์ดˆ์‹ฌ์ž ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋ž์€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์„ธ์…˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ

    ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋ฉด์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€

    ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์—๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํžŒ๋‘ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์šฉ์–ด์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์ธ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์—ˆ

    ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋‹จ์ฒด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ดˆ์‹ฌ์จ1๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „

    ๋œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋Œ€๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋Œ€๋ฉด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ

    ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿฝ ๋Š๊ปด์ง„๋‹ค.

    ๋””๋ก  ๋ชจ์ž„์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ค์ง€๋งŒ๏ผŒ ์ ‘๊ฒฌ์€

    ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ ๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ œ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ฐฐBaba)๋ผ๊ณ 

    ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‰ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฃจ๋“œ๋ผ ๋ฐœ๋ผ์š”๊ธฐ(Shivarudra Balayogi)๋Š” ๋†’์€ ๊ณ ์ถฉ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์˜ ๋„“์€

    ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ œ์ž์™€ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ ๋…„์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์— ์˜จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”

    ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์ง๋ฌผ์„ ์”Œ์šด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ์•‰๊ณ  ๋ช…์ƒ์ค‘์ธ 40์—ฌ ๋ช…์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ

    ์„ ์ง€๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๋‹ต ์„ธ์…˜ ์†์—์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„

    ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ™ˆ ์—†๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์š”๊ฐ€์Šค์ˆญ์˜ ๋ณต์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 

    ์žˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋„} ๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ฟ ใ€‚๋žฉ๋ฆ„ํ‘ธ๋ฅด{Kuala

    Lumpur)์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ๋•Œ๏ผŒ ๋‹˜}๋ฐ”์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์˜ ์ถ”์ข…์ž๋“คํŒŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ•๋‹น์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ

    ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์‹œ์•„์˜ ์กฐ

    ํ˜ ๋ฐ”๋ฃจ{Johor Bahru)์˜ ๋‘‘๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ์„œ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ๏ผŒ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋Š” ์•ฝ 2์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ

    ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ช…์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์ „์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค๋ฆฌ ์Šค๋ฆฌ ๋ผ๋น„์ƒ์นด๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ํ•ด ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์— ์™”

    ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žฉ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ ต์—๋Š” 3์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์ฐธ์„์ž๋ฅผ ๋ช…์ƒ

    ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

    ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ „ํ†ต๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์„ฑ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋“ค์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ

  • ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ๋ฃจํ”Œ 65

    ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ถ”์ข…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์„ธ์…˜๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ–‰์ž๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์•ผ

    (k๊นจa)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์™€ ์‹œ์ƒค รผ!Uru-shishva) ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋งŽ ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋…ธํŠธ์˜ ์ปค๋ฒ„์— ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์นผ(๋พฐ๋ค์˜D์˜ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜๋กœ ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ทธ

    ๋Š˜ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง€๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

    ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ํ†ต์–‘์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค{these

    new globally oriented organizations)๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฉ์ธ๋„ ํ‘ธ๋‘์ฝ”ํƒ€์ด

    (Pudukkottai)์˜ ์ Š์€ ์š”๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ƒ๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ๏ผŒ ์•„์ง๋„ ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”

    97์„ธ์˜ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ด์ƒค ์˜ค๊นŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•ธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ

    ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘์ A๋กœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ์ง€๋‚œ๋‚  ํƒ€๋ฐ€๋‚˜๋‘ ์™•์ •ํ†ต์น˜ ์ฃผ์˜

    ์ด์ „์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ˆ˜๋„{an erstwhile Princely state of Tamilnadu)์—๋„ ์ „ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

    ์…€๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€ ์”จ(Mr. Selvar์—)๋Š” ์ด์ƒค ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ๋•Œ์— ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ

    ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ{instructor)์€ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž์ด ์–‘}์˜ ์ž์„ธ์ธ ใ€‚ฮผ}๋‚ด์ฉ์˜์ง)๋ฅผ

    ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํžˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ

    ๋ณด๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.?" โ€œ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ํ‹ฐ์นญ(group teaching)์€ ์š”7๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์šด๋™์ผ

    ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ SJt๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์˜ฌ ๋•Œ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†์ž์˜ ๋ฐฐ

    ์— ํฐ ๊ณต์˜ฌ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์•„ ์ž…์‚ฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ

    ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์…€๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€์˜ ํž์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ๊ณ 

    ์š”๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ฐ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „ํ†ต

    ์ ์ธ ์„ ์ƒ์ด์ž ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๏ผŒ ์…€๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ํ‘ธ๋‘์ฝ”ํƒ€์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•}

    ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ƒค ๋ฐ˜์ด 25 ํ˜น์€ 30๋ช…์˜ ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์˜ฌ์ง€ ํ˜น

    ์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€๋‹ค.

    ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋นŒ๋ ค์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๏ผŒ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์นผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ต์‹ค๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์€

    ํฌ๋ฆฌ์•ผ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ดํ•ด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ‹€ํŒŒ ๋งž๋ญ‰๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ

    ์ž๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํฐ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์–ด ํฌ๋ฆฌ์•ผ๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ํž˜์„ ํ‚ค์›Œ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”

    ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. AOL๊ณผ ์ด์ƒค ํˆด ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ โ€œ๋ฉ”๋””์—์ดํ„ฐ(mediatorโ€˜ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์žฌโ€๋“ค

    ์ด ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์•ผ๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค

    ์˜ ๋ฉ”๋””์—์ดํ† ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์„ธ์…˜์— ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค'. AOL์€ โ€œ์˜ค๋žœโ€

    ์ˆ˜๋‹ค๋ฅด์‚ฐ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์–˜Sudarchan Kriya)๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ณ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ

    ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค ์ด์ƒค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์‚ฝ๋ฐ”๋น„ ๋งˆํ•˜ ๋ฌด๋“œ

    ๋ผ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์–˜the Shambhavi Maha Mudra Kriya)๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๋‹ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํŠธ์ƒ์—

    ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์˜ ์†์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋„

  • 66 ์ข…๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”

    ๊ตฌ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์˜ฌ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

    ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ DVD.์™€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ์…˜๊นŒ์ง€

    ์ด์ƒค ์ž์›์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ฐœ์กฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ(the Inner Engineering program)์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ต

    ์‹ค์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ํ™๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด

    ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์›ฐ๋น™์˜ ์ •์ ์ธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ฐœ์กฐ(lrl_Ilร‡L~Jl~i l} eerin~-Pick of Wellbeing)โ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž

    ๋“ค๊ณผ โ€œ์ž๊ธฐ ์ธ์‹์˜ ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ํ˜๋ช…(Silent Revolution of Self Realization)"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ€

    ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์กฐ์•…ํ•œ(rough) ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์ด ๊ทธ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฐ ํ•˜์–€์ƒ‰ ๊ธฐ(banner)๊ฐ€

    ๋ฒฝ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‹€์— ๋ผ์šด ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ฃจ๋ฐ๋ฐ•Jaggi Vasudev)1l์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์ฒœ์˜ฌ

    ์”Œ์›Œ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ์„œ ์˜์ž ๋’ค์— ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๋ผ์›Œ์ง„ ํ–„ํ”„ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ

    ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ•˜์–€์ƒ‰ ์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ธ์—ฌ์žˆ๋‹ค ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์€ ํ„ฐ๋ฒˆ๊ณผ

    ์ถ• ๋Š˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์˜ท์˜ฌ ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž…๊ณ  ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹ ๋„๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์˜ ์˜์ƒ

    ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—ฝ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ช…๊ธฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ DVD๋ฅผ

    ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋‚  ์ €๋…์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

    ์Šค๋ฆฌ ์Šค๋ฆฌ ๋ผ๋น„์ƒํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ํ…์‹œํ‹ฐ(the Suntec City)๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ

    ์ปจ๋ฒค์…˜๊ณผ ๋ฐ•๋žํšŒ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ โ€œ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์˜ฌ ์œ„ํ•˜ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ˜œ(Practical Wisdom

    f'or Personal Excellence)"๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ฌ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์ค‘ํ‹€์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ฝƒ์ด

    ๋‹ด๊ธด ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ™”๋ณ‘๊ณผ ํ™”๋ถ„ํ‹€๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ ์™•์ขŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธด ์˜์ž์— ๊ธฐํ’ˆ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…

    ๊ณ  ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋‹จ์˜ ์–‘์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์˜ฌ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํด

    ๋กœ์ฃ ์—…ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์–ด์„ฐ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ข…์ข… ์›€

    ์ง์—ฌ์„œ ๋‚œ๊ฐ„๏ฟก๋กœ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ตฝํ˜”๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž

    ๋“ค์˜ฌ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒญ์ค‘์„์˜ ๋งจ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์Šค

    ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ์งn๋„ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข…์ข… ์•Œํ˜”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜

    ๊ทธ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํžˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํฌ๋ง์€ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ๋“ค์˜ฌ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.

    ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์ง€์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ์‹๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๊ฝƒ๋“ค๏ผŒ ์ƒ์ง•๋“ค๏ผŒ

    ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋’ค์„ž์—ฌ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋งจ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ

    7) ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”์ˆ˜๋ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ์š”๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ž์ด์ž ์‹ ๋น„์ฃผ์˜์ž์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์™€ ๋ฏธ ๊ตญ์˜ฌ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผํฌ ์š”๊ฐ€ ์„ผํ„ฐํ‹€์˜ฌ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ƒค ํŒŒ์šด๋ฐ์ด์…˜( I sha Foundation)์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž์ด๋‹ค.

  • ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ์ถ”ํ”Œ 67

    ์ ์…˜์„ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ฌ ์ง€์› ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐฐ

    ๊ฒฝ์— ํˆฌ์˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด์ƒ๋งŒ์˜ฌ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.

    ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ฃจ๋ฐ๋ธŒ์™€ ์„ฑํ•˜(his holiness) ์Šค๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฆฌ ๋ผ๋น„์ƒ์นด๋Š” ํฐ ๊ต์‹ค์˜

    ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋ช…์ž‘7๊นŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ค.

    ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์€ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œํฌ์ธํŠธ๏ผŒ ํ˜น์€ ํŒฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ฅผ

    ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์™€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์ ์ด๋ผ

    ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์ž์ฒด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ทธ

    ํž˜์˜ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฏ€๋ฆฌํ…Œ์Šค์™€๋ฆฌ ์†Œ์‚ฌ์ด์–ดํ‹ฐ ์˜ค๋ธŒ ์•„๋ฏ€๋ฆฌํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๋งˆ์ด

    (Amriteswari Society of Am ritanandamayi, the Hugging Guru)๋™ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜

    ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํŠธ์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํŠธ์•ผ ์‚ฌ์ด ๋ฐ”๋ฐ” ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค(Satya Sai รŸaba

    organizat i ons)์˜ ๋ฏธํŒ…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํŒŒ์›Œํฌ์ธํŠธ์™€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ์…˜์„

    ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์‹ค์€ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๋Œ€ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ์ง€๋ฃจ

    ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ฌ ๊ฐ•ฮป๊นŒ ์ง€๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํ„ฐ์™€

    ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์ด ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋น„๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ณต์˜ฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์–ด ์˜์ ์ธ ์ง€

    ๋„์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๏ผŒ ํ•™์ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์นœ๋ฐ€ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ{a mediated sense of intimacy)์„

    ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค~ 8)

    ์ˆ˜ํ–‰(Sadhana)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ โ€œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Research )"๊นŒ์ง€

    ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋“ค์€ ์ถ”์ข…์ž๋“ค์ด ํ‰ํ™”์™€ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ฌ ์ฐพ

    ๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ฃฐํ”ผ{sanku/va) ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ฒฐ์„ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์š”๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ธ ์˜

    ์ƒ์„ ์ข…์ข… ํฌํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰(sadhana)์ด๋‚˜ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ธ ์˜์  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์ž„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅ

    ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดํ‹€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•จ์—์„œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ํฌ๋ฆฌ์•ผ์˜ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ

    ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋‚˜

    ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ ์‹ ์ง€๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์›ฐ๋น™์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋žด๊ณ  ๋ธ”๋ผˆl๋Š” โ€œ๊ด€ํ• ๊ฐšํ‘

    ๊ฑฐ(scientific evidence)"๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”์ˆ˜๋ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌํŠธ์ƒ

    8) ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์‚ฌํŠธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” co๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์ •์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ˆฒ์— ์ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์ƒ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ 50๋ช… ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฐ ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์˜ฌ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•‰์•„์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ˆฒ ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ž๊ทธ๋งŒ ์˜ค๋‘๋ง‰์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ž ํ‹€์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ โ€œ์˜์ ์ธ ์Šค์ˆญ(spiritual master)'โ€™์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ์˜ฌ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • 68 ์ข…๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”

    ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฝ”์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ DVD๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ง€๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฌผ

    ๋ฆฌํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค'. H. H. ์Šค๋ฆฌ ์Šค๋ฆฌ ๋ผ๋น„์ƒ์นด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—

    ๋„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•ž์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์•„ํŠธ ์˜ค๋ธŒ ๋ฆฌ๋น™(Art of

    Living)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์•ผ๋‚œ ๊ต์ˆ˜{Prof. Narayanam)๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์™€ ์ผ

    ์ƒ์  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ณ‘์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ โ€œ๊นจ์–ด์žˆ์Œโ€™์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…์ƒ ๊ธฐ

    ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์Šค์ฟจ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด

    ์ง„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๏ผŒ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ

    ์˜ โ€œ์ดˆ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™(parapsychology)"์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.9) ๋‚˜๋ผ์•ผ๋‚œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋ช…์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

    ์ด ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ปค๋ฆฌ๋ฅ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.

    ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•™์ œ์  ๋‹ด๋ก ๏ผŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ๋นŒ๋ ค์˜จ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์กฐํ˜ธ๋ฅด

    ์ฃผ ๋ฐ”์ˆ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์€ํ˜œ(His Divine Grace), ํ˜น์€ HDG๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์š”

    ๊ฐ€ ์ฆˆ๋‚˜๋‚˜ ์‹œํƒ€๋ฅด ์˜ด ์Šค๋ฆฌ ๋ผ์ž.jl๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ{Yoha Jnana Sitthar Om Sri Rajayoha

    Guru)์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…์ƒ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ํƒ€๋ฐ€์–ดฯƒamil)๋กœ๋งŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”

    ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ถ”์ข…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ์‹œ๋””(Siddhi)๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€

    ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ํฌํ„ฐ(Harry Potter)์˜ โ€œ์œ„์ €๋“œ(wiza๋ฒ โ€์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ

    ๋”ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ œ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ โ€œํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•ตMetaphsics)์™€ ์ดˆ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™

    (Parapsych์ดOgy)์—์„œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„โ€์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์™€

    ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ—ค๋“œํฐ์˜ฌ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ต์‹œ์— ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋งŒ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ์–ด(Mandarin)๋กœ ํ†ต

    ์—ญ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ†ต์—ญ๊ณผ ํƒ€๋ฐ€์–ด๋กœ ๋“ค๏ฟก๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ˆ ์–ดํ•™(terminology) ๊ด€

    ๊ณ„ ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ†ต์—ญ์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์€

    ํ˜œ(His Divine Grace t..t HD์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ 27๋…„๊ฐ„ ์š”๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ฌ โ€œํƒ‘ ๊ท€reseaฯ€h)"ํ•œ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ†ต์—ญํ•  ๋•Œ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค

    ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹ ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” โ€œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    (reseaฮบh)"๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ โ€œ์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋‹คโ€™( experimented)๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ

    ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ์›…๋‹ต์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ โ€œ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ—˜

    9) ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์›น ์„œ์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋œ ยท๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋Œ€ ํ•™๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ€œThe Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona'" ; Princeton University Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) [recently closed], with a focus on the โ€œ Scientific Study of Consciousness-Related Physical Phenomena" including paranormal studies and remote percep๊บผ00'" Duke Universityโ€™s Rhine Research workshops, and seminars". (http://www.hollowhil l.com/ghost-hunting/parapsychologydegree.htm accessed J une 8, 2008)

  • ํ™œ์˜น ์ค‘์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ๋ฃจํ”Œ 69

    ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ๏ผŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ ๋“ค์˜ฌ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์ณ

    ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ž๋“ค์ด ์š”๊ฐ€ ์‚ญํ‹ฐ(the yoga sakthi)์˜ ํž˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜

    ์žˆ๋„๋กโ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ HDG๋Š” โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด

    ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹คโ€™๊ณ  ํ™•์–ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๏ผŒ ํ•œ

    ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค€๋น„๋œ ํŒŒ์›Œํฌ์ธํŠธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜

    ๋ช…์ƒ๊ณผ ์š”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์›ฐ๋ฒ™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค

    ๊ณ  ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

    ใ€‚์”จ์•„์˜ ์ง€์‹ ๊ณ„์ธต์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜จ ๋งŽ์€ ์ถ”์ข…์ž๋“ค ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํŠนํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ฐœ

    ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์™€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์˜ ์•„์›ƒ์†Œ์‹ฑA๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์ต์„ ๋ณธ ์‹ ๋„๋“ค์˜

    ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ7rํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์„ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ

    ๋ฒ•์„ฑ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‘ ์˜์—ญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค ํฌ๋ฆฌ์•ผ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋•Œ โ€œ๋ด์‡ ์ ˆ

    (suoerstitious)"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์š”๊ฐ€ ์ž์„ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ช…์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ

    ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋ช… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ‹€์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋“œํ•˜๋‚˜(sadhanas)๋ผ๊ณ 

    ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์€ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๋ฐ•ฮป๊นŒ ํ™•์–ธํžˆ๋Š” ์ผ

    ์ข…์˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๋™๋‘ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ณ„

    ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒŒ๋ ค์˜จ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €์†ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ์กฐ์ž‘์˜ฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜

    ์€ ์ง„์‹ค๋œ ์ง€์‹์˜ฌ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ƒ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ–„์ด ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„

    ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

    ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ

    ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์œค ํ•™๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜

    ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„ํŒ์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋‹จ์ผํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค'๏ผŒ 1์ด ์‹ 

    ๋น„์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ช…์‹ฑ{Mystic โ€™s MlIsings)์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋Š” ํžŒ๋‘ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์–‘์‹

    ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

    ๋‹น์‹  ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€

    ์†์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”๏ผŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค.โ€ฆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฒ ํ•™์€ ๋‹น์‹ 

    10) DVD๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ธ์šฉ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฉด๏ผŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์‡„๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ DVD๋กœ ์ถœํŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • 70 ์ด๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”

    ์‚ถ์— ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๊ฒ‰๋ชจ์Šต์˜ฌ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ์—…(karma)์—์„œ 2๋น ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด

    ์ฃผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด ์ด ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ 

    ์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›…์˜ฌ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธํ‹€์€ ์ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žกํžˆ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด

    ์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ƒ๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(185)๏ผŒ

    ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ โ€œ์ง€์ ์ธ(intellectual)" ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์„ ํฌํ•จ๋ผˆ ๋” ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ

    ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ง€์  ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋น„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ

    ๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ธ์‹๋ก ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. โ€œ๊ฒฉํ—( exoerience)"๊ณผ โ€œ์ฃ„์ ˆ์™€๊ฒฝ

    (intellectual)"์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ์˜์—ญ์˜ โ€œ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ํ•™์Š

    (experiential learning)"๊ณผ โ€œ์‹คํ—˜(experiment)"์˜ฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒ ํ•™๏ผŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ

    ๋ฌธํ•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์€ ์ฆ๊ฒ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™„์ „

    ํžˆ ๊ฒฝ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒA๋กœ ์ข…์ข… ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค.

    ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜คํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด

    ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋” ์‹ฌํ•ด์กŒ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์ง€๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿฝ ์ •

    ๋ง ์™ธ๋ถ€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ

    ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๏ผŒ ์ฆ‰ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์˜ ํž˜๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ถ ์†์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•ํ•˜

    ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์‚ถ ๋ฟ ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—

    ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์š”๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํŠน์ • ์•„์‚ฌ๋‚˜๏ผŒ ์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ

    ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”๊ฐ€ ์ž์„ธ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์ง€Dl๋Š” ์ฒ ํ•™ํ™”

    ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข…์ข… ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค

    ์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ณ„์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ ๊ฐ„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋ณ€

    ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

    ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”์ˆ˜๋ฐ๋ธŒ์˜ โ€œ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ฐœ์กฐ(lnner Engineering)" 7์ผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋งจ

    ์ฒ˜์Œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๊ณผ ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€

    ํ•™๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋นŒ๋ ค์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค"๏ผŒ DVD๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํฌ๋ฆฌ์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ

    ๊ฐ„์˜ฌ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋” ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด

    ๊ณ  ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ โ€œ๊ต์œกโ€™๊ณผ โ€œ๊ต์œก

    ์‹œ์Šค๋Œโ€์˜ฌ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์ 

    ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚ด ์ฒซ โ€œ๊ณผ์ œ(homework)" ํŽ˜

    ์ดํผ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋‹ค.

    ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์— ์™„

  • ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋“ค 71

    ์ „ํžˆ ๋™์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์™€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ฒฝ์˜์˜

    ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

    ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ์ •์ด์ž…(empathy)์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ฌ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ

    ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์‹œ

    ํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋„๋ก ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํŠน์ •๊ณผ

    ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœใ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑi ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ๊ฐ๏ผŒ ์š•๊ตฌ๏ผŒ ๋Š๋‚Œ ๋•๋ถ„์— ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜

    ๊ณ  ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์ƒํ–„l์„œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋˜

    ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…๊ตํ•™์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž๋“ค์ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ์˜์‹๊ณผ ๋ณ‘

    ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์‹์„ ์˜์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

    ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‚˜๊ธด ๊ณผ์ • ์ด์™ธ์— ์˜์‹์˜ฌ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ

    ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์š”๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ

    ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‘ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 

    ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ์•„์‰ฌ๋žจashram)ll)์˜ ๋Œ€

    ๊ฒฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ๋‘ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ธฐ์—

    ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป์˜ฌ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ• 

    ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ‰์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด

    ์—†๋Š” ์‹ ๋„๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ํ™•์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋น„ํ‰์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ

    ์ด๋ž€ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ7r โ€œ๋ช…์พŒํ•ฉ{clarity)"์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋”ธ}๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜

    ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ฌ ์˜ˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋‹ค

    ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ด์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์š”์ƒˆ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ•™๊ณ„์™€๏ผŒ ์ด์™€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ โ€œ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŽธ(other side)"๋กœ ์™„

    ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋œ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•ํŒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ๋ถˆ๋งŒ

    ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌA๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ† ๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

    ์ข…๊ตํ•™์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žญ๋“ค์˜ฌ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๏ผŒ ํŠนํžˆ ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค

    ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ์  ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ 

    ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

    ๋„๋ฐœ์  ์ธ ์‚ฐ๊ฐ„ The Serpentโ€™s Gift: Gnostic Reflections on the Study 01 Religion l2l (2007)์—์„œ ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋ฆฌํŒ”(Jeffrey Kripal)์ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ๏ผŒ ๋‚˜๋„ ์ข…๊ต

    ํ•™์ด ํ•™์ œ์ (์งง้ต๊นŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋•Œ

    ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๏ผŒ 13) ํฌ๋ฆฌํŒ”์€ ํ•™์ž ์Šน๋ ค์™€ ๋งŒ๋…”๋˜

    11 ) ํ†ต์ƒ ํžŒ๋‘๊ต ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ž์˜ ๋งˆ์„์˜ฌ ๋œปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์š”๊ฐ€ ์ง€Dl๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธํ‹€์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒดํ‹€์˜ฌ ํ†ต์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค'. (์—ญ์ฃผ)

    12) Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  • 72 ์ข…๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”

    ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ˆญ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ โ€œ์ข…๊ตํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€

    ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ•™์ž๋„ ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ์กด๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‹ ๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์‹œ์„ฑ๋œ ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข…๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์•ˆ

    ๋‹ค๏ผŒ n๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค{ix-x). ๊ธฐ๋”์”ฉ ๋‚˜๋„ ํžŒ๋‘๊ต์˜ ์ข…๊ต์ฒ™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์˜ ์ข…๊ต์  ์—ญ์‚ฌ

    ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ฌ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค โ€œ๋” ์ž˜

    ์•ˆ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ

    ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ํ•ด์™”๋˜ ์ง€๋„

    (Guide)์™€ ๊ถŒ์œ„(Authorily)์˜ ์˜ท์˜ฌ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์ž…์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ

    ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ํ•™๊ณ„์— ์ „ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๋ชจ

    ๋‘ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

    13) ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฌ๋ฆฌํŒ”๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์™€ ํ•™๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ธ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ โ€œ์‹ ๋น„์ฃผ์˜์ โ€ ์šด ๋™์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ธก๋ฉดํ‹€์˜จ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ข…๊ตํ•™ -๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ โ€œ์˜์ง€์ฃผ์˜์ฒ™".Q_๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ ๋”์šฑ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์นœ๋‹ค