Global 9 Name__________________Unit 4 Notes

China• Han Dynasty: Restored unity to China

after Qin Dynasty and Shi Huangdi

• Contributions: paper, wheelbarrow, rudder, and silk manufacturing (made secret)

• Silk Road: connected China with the Middle East and Rome

• Great Wall of China: constructed to keep out invading tribes in the North

• Civil Service: based upon teachings of Confucius, must pass a civil service test to get a government job

• Dynasty: line of ruling families in China, each family claimed the Mandate of Heaven

India• Mauryan Empire: Indus River Valley, and

most of India, begun by Chandragupta Maurya

• Pillars of Asoka: Edicts posted around the empire to promote peaceful toleration

• Contributions: bureaucracy and centralized government

• Gupta Empire: smaller and more centralized, begun by Chandra Gupta

• Contributions: flowering of culture and knowledge, especially the concept of zero and the decimal system, medicine and astronomy

Classic Civilization: Highly organized civilization that contributed many things to our lives today

Greece (cont.)• Alexander the Great: Conquered the

“then known world” – Egypt, Persia, India

• Hellenistic Culture: Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian culture (cultural diffusion)

• Contributions: “classical” architecture (columns for support, straight lines and basic shapes), Philosophy (science of thinking about difficult and important issues), direct democracy (citizens – free men – decide issues, created in Athens)

• Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Greece• City-States: city and immediate

surrounding land; mountainous islands made difficult travel = no centralized government

• Persian Wars: Greek city-states joined forces to defeat invading Persian Empire, 490 BC victory at Marathon, 480 BC Thermopylae, Delian League unified Greece, Athens took leadership role

• Pericles: Leader of Athens’ golden age

• Athens v. Sparta: 2 main city-states; fought during the Peloponnesian Wars - 415 BC

Type of government Type of Society Other information

Athensdirect democracy-citizens (free men) vote on all issues

educated, intellectual, good relations with other city-states

- citizens are men- cultural center

Spartamonarchy – 2 kings that make decisions together

War-like, community, poor relations with other city-states

- little travel or trade- life is hard and cruel

Global 9 Name__________________Unit 4 Notes

China

• Han Dynasty:

• Contributions:

• Silk Road:

• Great Wall of China:

• Civil Service:

• Dynasty:

India• Mauryan Empire:

• Pillars of Asoka:

• Contributions:

• Gupta Empire:

• Contributions:

Classic Civilization:

Greece (cont.)• Alexander the Great:

• Hellenistic Culture:

• Contributions:

• Philosophers:

Greece• City-States:

• Persian Wars:

• Pericles:

• Athens v. Sparta:

Type of government Type of Society Other information

Athens

Sparta

Classic Civilizations

Rome (cont.)• Contributions:

• Literature: continued Greek drama, poetry, novels

• Architecture: copied Greek, but added domes and arches to replace columns for support (stronger and more open space)

• Roads: ability to move armies quickly and facilitate trade

• Aqueducts: carry fresh water from mountains to the cities

• Laws: basis for our legal system today, applied to all people in the Empire, Twelve Tables were the written laws

• Latin language: allowed everyone to communicate with each other, common language of Europe for many years

Rome• Roman Empire: started as a monarchy

(king), republic formed as it grew, then emperors called Caesars took control

• Location: started between the hills of the city then eventually spread to surround the Mediterranean Sea and united Europe and the Middle East

• Republic: citizens elect representatives who decide on issues (laws, taxes, etc.)

• Julius Caesar: Halted a civil war with a Triumvirate, then took sole control as dictator for life in 46 BC, senate assassinated him two years later

• Augustus: took control as Caesar in 27 BC and began its Golden Age during the Pax Romana (Roman Peace)

• Fall of Rome: too big to manage, taxes too high, corruption, and foreign invasions

Classic Civilizations

Rome (cont.)• Contributions:

• Literature:

• Architecture:

• Roads:

• Aqueducts:

• Laws:

• Latin language:

Rome• Roman Empire:

• Location:

• Republic:

• Julius Caesar:

• Augustus:

• Fall of Rome:

India• Mauryan Empire: Indus River Valley,

and most of India, begun by Chandragupta Maurya

• Pillars of Asoka: Edicts posted around the empire to promote peaceful toleration

• Contributions: bureaucracy and centralized government

• Gupta Empire: smaller and more centralized, begun by Chandra Gupta

• Contributions: flowering of culture and knowledge, especially the concept of zero and the decimal system, medicine and astronomy

Classic Civilization: Highly organized civilization that contributed many things to our lives today

China• Han Dynasty: Restored unity to China

after Qin Dynasty and Shi Huangdi

• Contributions: paper, wheelbarrow, rudder, and silk manufacturing (made secret)

• Silk Road: connected China with the Middle East and Rome

• Great Wall of China: constructed to keep out invading tribes in the North

• Civil Service: based upon teachings of Confucius, must pass a civil service test to get a government job

• Dynasty: line of ruling families in China, each family claimed the Mandate of Heaven

Greece• City-States: city and immediate

surrounding land; mountainous islands made difficult travel = no centralized government

• Persian Wars: Greek city-states joined forces to defeat invading Persian Empire, 490 BC victory at Marathon, 480 BC Thermopylae, Delian League unified Greece, Athens took leadership role

• Pericles: Leader of Athens’ golden age

• Athens v. Sparta: 2 main city-states; fought during the Peloponnesian Wars - 415 BC

Type of government

Type of Society Other information

Athens

direct democracy-citizens (free men) vote on all issues

educated, intellectual, good relations with other city-states

- citizens are men- cultural center

Sparta

monarchy – 2 kings that make decisions together

War-like, community, poor relations with other city-states

- little travel or trade- life is hard and cruel

Greece (cont.)• Alexander the Great: Conquered the

“then known world” – Egypt, Persia, India

• Hellenistic Culture: Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian culture (cultural diffusion)

• Contributions: “classical” architecture (columns for support, straight lines and basic shapes), Philosophy (science of thinking about difficult and important issues), direct democracy (citizens – free men – decide issues, created in Athens)

• Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Rome• Roman Empire: started as a monarchy (king),

republic formed as it grew, then emperors called Caesars took control

• Location: started between the hills of the city then eventually spread to surround the Mediterranean Sea and united Europe and the Middle East

• Republic: citizens elect representatives who decide on issues (laws, taxes, etc.)

• Julius Caesar: Halted a civil war with a Triumvirate, then took sole control as dictator for life in 46 BC, senate assassinated him two years later

• Augustus: took control as Caesar in 27 BC and began its Golden Age during the Pax Romana (Roman Peace)

• Fall of Rome: too big to manage, taxes too high, corruption, and foreign invasions

Rome (cont.)• Contributions:

• Literature: continued Greek drama, poetry, novels

• Architecture: copied Greek, but added domes and arches to replace columns for support (stronger and more open space)

• Roads: ability to move armies quickly and facilitate trade

• Aqueducts: carry fresh water from mountains to the cities

• Laws: basis for our legal system today, applied to all people in the Empire, Twelve Tables were the written laws

• Latin language: allowed everyone to communicate with each other, common language of Europe for many years