Glands of the Endocrine System

8/3/2019 Glands of the Endocrine System

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Hypothalamus

Secreted hormone Abbreviation Produced by Effect

Thyrotropin-

releasing hormone

(Prolactin-releasing

hormone)

TRH,, orParvocellular

neurosecretory neurons

Stimulatethyroid-stimulating

hormone (TSH) released

fromanterior pituitary (primarily)

Stimulateprolactinrelease

from anterior pituitary

Dopamine

(Prolactin-inhibiting

hormone)

DA or PIHDopamine neurons of

the arcuate nucleus

Inhibitprolactinreleased

from anterior pituitary

Growth hormone-

releasing hormoneGHRH

Neuroendocrineneurons

of theArcuate nucleus

StimulateGrowth hormone

(GH)release from anterior pituitary

Somatostatin

(growth hormone-

inhibiting hormone)

SS, GHIH, or

SRIF

Neuroendocrine cells of

thePeriventricular

nucleus

InhibitGrowth hormone

(GH)release from anterior pituitary

Inhibitthyroid-stimulating hormone

(TSH)release from anterior

pituitary

Gonadotropin-

releasing hormone

GnRH or

LHRH

Neuroendocrine cells of

thePreoptic area

Stimulatefollicle-stimulating

hormone () release from anterior

pituitary

Stimulateluteinizing hormone

(LH)release fromanterior pituitary

Corticotropin-

releasing hormone CRH or CRF

Parvocellular


or the Paraventricular

Nucleus

Stimulateadrenocorticotropic

hormone (ACTH) releasefromanterior pituitary

Oxytocin OT or OXT Magnocellular


of the Supraoptic

Uterine contraction

Lactation (letdown reflex)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preoptic_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preoptic_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Supraoptic_Nucleus_and_Paraventricular_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Supraoptic_Nucleus_and_Paraventricular_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Supraoptic_Nucleus_and_Paraventricular_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_contractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letdown_reflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preoptic_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Supraoptic_Nucleus_and_Paraventricular_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Supraoptic_Nucleus_and_Paraventricular_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_contractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letdown_reflex


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Nucleus and

Paraventricular Nucleus

Vasopressin

(antidiuretic

hormone)

ADH or AVP

or VP

Parvocellularneurosecretory neurons,

Magnocellular


of the Paraventricular

Nucleus and Supraoptic

Nucleus

Increases water permeability in the

distal convoluted tubule and

collecting duct ofnephrons, thus

promoting water reabsorption and

increasing blood volume

Melanocyte Releasing Hormone (MRH) Stimulates the secretion of Melanocyte-stimulating

hormone from intermediate pituitary lobe.

[edit]Pineal body (epiphysis)

Secreted hormone From cells Effect

Melatonin Pinealocytes

Antioxidant

Monitors the circadian rhythm including

inducement ofdrowsinessand lowering of

the middle body temperaturesleep cycle

[edit]Pituitary Gland(hypophysis)[edit]Anterior pituitary lobe (adenohypophysis)

Secreted hormone Abbreviation From cells Effect

Growth hormone

(somatotropin)GH Somatotrophs

Stimulatesgrowthand cell reproduction

StimulatesInsulin-like growth factor 1 release from live

Thyroid-stimulatinghormone

(thyrotropin)

TSH ThyrotrophsStimulatesthyroxine (T4) andtriiodothyronine (T3) syntand release from thyroid gland

Stimulates iodine absorption by thyroid gland
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Supraoptic_Nucleus_and_Paraventricular_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Supraoptic_Nucleus_and_Paraventricular_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvocellular_neurosecretory_neurons,_Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Paraventricular_Nucleus_and_Supraoptic_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvocellular_neurosecretory_neurons,_Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Paraventricular_Nucleus_and_Supraoptic_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvocellular_neurosecretory_neurons,_Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Paraventricular_Nucleus_and_Supraoptic_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvocellular_neurosecretory_neurons,_Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Paraventricular_Nucleus_and_Supraoptic_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvocellular_neurosecretory_neurons,_Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Paraventricular_Nucleus_and_Supraoptic_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvocellular_neurosecretory_neurons,_Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Paraventricular_Nucleus_and_Supraoptic_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvocellular_neurosecretory_neurons,_Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Paraventricular_Nucleus_and_Supraoptic_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineal_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatoninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinealocyteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drowsinesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_body_temperature&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_Glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_Glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thyrotroph&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroxinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroxinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Supraoptic_Nucleus_and_Paraventricular_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Supraoptic_Nucleus_and_Paraventricular_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvocellular_neurosecretory_neurons,_Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Paraventricular_Nucleus_and_Supraoptic_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvocellular_neurosecretory_neurons,_Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Paraventricular_Nucleus_and_Supraoptic_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvocellular_neurosecretory_neurons,_Magnocellular_neurosecretory_neurons_of_the_Paraventricular_Nucleus_and_Supraoptic_Nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineal_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatoninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinealocyteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drowsinesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_body_temperature&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_Glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thyrotroph&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroxinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_gland


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Adrenocorticotropic

hormone

(corticotropin)

ACTH CorticotrophsStimulatescorticosteroid (glucocorticoid andmineralco

andandrogen synthesis and release from adrenocortica

Beta-endorphin - Corticotrophs Inhibits perception of pain

Follicle-stimulating

hormoneFSH Gonadotrophs

In females: Stimulates maturation ofovarian folliclesin

In males: Stimulates maturation ofseminiferous tubules

In males: Stimulates spermatogenesis

In males: Stimulates production ofandrogen-binding

proteinfromSertoli cellsof the testes

Luteinizing

hormoneLH Gonadotrophs

In females: Stimulates ovulation

In females: Stimulates formation ofcorpus luteum

In males: Stimulates testosterone synthesis from Leydi

(interstitial cells)

Prolactin PRL LactotrophsStimulates milk synthesis and release from mammary g

Mediates sexual gratification

Melanocyte-

stimulating

hormone

MSH

MelanotropesinthePars

intermedia of

the Anterior

Pituitary

Stimulatesmelaninsynthesis and release from

skin/hairmelanocytes

[edit]Posterior pituitary lobe (neurohypophysis)


Oxytocin

Magnocellular

neurosecretory

cells

Uterine contraction

Lactation (letdown reflex)

Vasopressin

(antidiuretic

ADH or AVP Parvocellular

neurosecretory

Increases water permeability in the distal

convoluted tubule and collecting duct
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corticotroph&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralcorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralcorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-endorphinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotrophshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_folliclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_folliclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminiferous_tubulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen-binding_proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen-binding_proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen-binding_proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanotropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanotropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_intermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_intermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_contractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letdown_reflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corticotroph&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralcorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-endorphinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotrophshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_folliclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminiferous_tubulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen-binding_proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen-binding_proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanotropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_intermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_intermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_contractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letdown_reflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus


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hormone) neuronsofnephrons, thus promoting water

reabsorption and increasing blood volume

Oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone are not secreted in the posterior lobe, merely stored.

[edit]Thyroid


Triiodothyronine T3Thyroid

epithelial cell

(More potent form ofthyroid hormone)

Stimulates body oxygen and energy

consumption, thereby increasing thebasal

metabolic rate

Stimulates RNA polymeraseI and II, thereby

promotingprotein synthesis

Thyroxine

(tetraiodothyronine)T4

Thyroid

epithelial cells

(Less active form ofthyroid hormone)

(Acts as aprohormoneto triiodothyronine)

Stimulates body oxygen and energy

consumption, thereby increasing thebasal

metabolic rate

Stimulates RNA polymeraseI and II, thereby

promotingprotein synthesis

CalcitoninParafollicular

cells

Stimulates osteoblastsand thus bone

construction

Inhibits Ca2+ release from bone, thereby

reducing blood Ca2+

[edit]Alimentary system
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroxinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitoninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parafollicular_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parafollicular_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroxinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitoninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parafollicular_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parafollicular_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=9


5/15

[edit]Stomach

Secreted

hormoneAbbreviation

From

cellsEffect

Gastrin (Primarily)G

cellsSecretion ofgastric acid by parietal cells

GhrelinP/D1

cells

Stimulateappetite,

secretion ofgrowth hormone from anterior pituitary gland

Neuropeptide Y NPYincreased food intake and decreased physical activity. It can

be associated with obesity.

SomatostatinD

cells

Suppress release

ofgastrin,cholecystokinin(CCK),secretin,motilin,vasoactive

intestinal peptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory

polypeptide (GIP), enteroglucagon

Lowers rate of gastric emptying Reduces smooth

musclecontractions and blood flow within the intestine.[1]

HistamineECL

cellsstimulate gastric acidsecretion

EndothelinX

cellsSmooth muscle contraction of stomach[2]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghrelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P/D1_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P/D1_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitary_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropeptide_Yhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motilinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motilinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motilinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteroglucagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-Colorado-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-Colorado-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECL_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECL_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X_cell&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X_cell&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endocrine_Alimentary_system_en.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endocrine_Alimentary_system_en.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghrelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P/D1_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P/D1_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitary_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropeptide_Yhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motilinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteroglucagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-Colorado-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECL_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECL_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X_cell&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X_cell&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-1


6/15

[edit]Duodenum


Secretin S cells

Secretion

ofbicarbonate fromliver,pancreasand

duodenalBrunner's glands

Enhances effects ofcholecystokinin Stops

production of gastric juice

Cholecystokinin I cells

Release of digestive enzymesfrom pancreas

Release

ofbile from gallbladderhungersuppressant

[edit]Liver


Insulin-like growth factor(or

somatomedin) (Primarily)IGF Hepatocytes

insulin-like effects

regulate cell growth and

development

Angiotensinogenandangiotensi

nHepatocytes

vasoconstriction

release

ofaldosterone from adrenal

cortexdipsogen.

Thrombopoietin Hepatocytesstimulates megakaryocytes to

produce platelets[3]

[edit]Pancreas

Secreted

hormoneFrom cells Effect

Insulin (Primarily) Islet cells Intake

ofglucose,glycogenesisand glycolysisin liverandmusclefrom
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=11http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunner's_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunner's_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensinogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensinogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstrictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipsogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombopoietinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateletshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateletshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-Kaushansky2006-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunner's_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensinogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstrictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipsogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombopoietinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateletshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-Kaushansky2006-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle


7/15


8/15

fasciculataand zona

reticularis cells

Stimulates fat breakdown in adipose

tissue

Inhibits protein synthesis

Inhibits glucose uptake in muscle

and adipose tissueInhibits immunological responses

(immunosuppressive)

Inhibits inflammatory responses (anti-

inflammatory)

Mineralocorticoids(chieflyaldosterone)

Zona

glomerulosa cells

Stimulates activesodium reabsorption

in kidneys

Stimulates passive water reabsorption

in kidneys, thus increasingblood

volumeand blood pressure

Stimulates potassiumandH+secretio

into nephron of kidney and subsequen

excretion

Androgens (includingDHEAandtestosterone

)

Zona

fasciculataand Zona

reticularis cells

In males: Relatively small effect

compared to androgens from testes

In females: masculinizing effects

[edit]Adrenal medulla


Adrenaline (epinephrine)

(Primarily)

Chromaffin cells Fight-or-flight response:

Boost the supply

ofoxygen and glucose to

the brainand muscles(by

increasing heart rate and stroke

volume,vasodilation,

increasing catalysisofglycogenin liver,

breakdown oflipidsinfat cells)

Dilate thepupils

Suppress non-emergency bodily
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_fasciculatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_fasciculatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_reticularishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_reticularishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_breakdownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiposehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppressivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppressivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-inflammatoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-inflammatoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralocorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralocorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_glomerulosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_glomerulosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_fasciculatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_fasciculatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_fasciculatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_reticularishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_reticularishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_medullahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_fasciculatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_fasciculatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_reticularishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_reticularishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_breakdownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiposehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppressivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-inflammatoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-inflammatoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralocorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_glomerulosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_glomerulosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_fasciculatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_fasciculatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_reticularishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_reticularishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_medullahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupil


9/15

processes (e.g.,digestion)

Suppressimmune system

Noradrenaline(norepinephrine) Chromaffin cells

Fight-or-flight response:

Boost the supply

ofoxygen and glucose to

the brainand muscles(by

increasing heart rate and stroke

volume,vasoconstriction and

increased blood pressure, breakdown

oflipidsin fat cells)

Increase skeletal muscle readiness.

Dopamine Chromaffin cells Increase heartrate and blood pressure

Enkephalin Chromaffin cells Regulate pain

[edit]Reproductive

[edit]Testes


Androgens(chieflytestosterone) Leydig cells Anabolic: growth ofmuscle massand

strength, increased bone density, growth

and strength,

Virilizing:maturationofsex organs,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstrictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstrictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkephalinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=19http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virilizinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virilizinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_organshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endocrine_reproductive_system_en.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endocrine_reproductive_system_en.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstrictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkephalinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virilizinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_organs


10/15

formation ofscrotum, deepening of voice,

growth ofbeard and axillary hair.

Estradiol Sertoli cells Preventapoptosisof germ cells[5]

Inhibin Sertoli cells Inhibit production ofFSH

[edit]Ovarian follicle / Corpus luteum


Progesterone Granulosa

cells,theca

cells

Support pregnancy[6]:

Convert endometriumto secretory stage

Makecervical mucus thick and impenetrable to sperm.

Inhibit immuneresponse, e.g., towards thehuman embryo

Decrease uterine smooth musclecontractility[6]

Inhibit lactation

Inhibit onset oflabor.

Other:

Raiseepidermal growth factor-1 levels

Increase core temperature during ovulation[7]

Reducespasm and relaxsmooth muscle (widen bronchi a

regulate mucus)

Anti-inflammatory

Reducegall-bladderactivity[8]

Normalize bloodclotting and vascular

tone, zinc and copperlevels,celloxygen levels, and use of fat

for energy

Assist in thyroidfunction and bonegrowth byosteoblasts

Increase resilience in bone,teeth, gums,joint, tendon,liga

and skin

Promote healing by regulating collagen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrotumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrotumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_hairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_hairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=20http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_folliclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_lininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_lininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervix#Cervical_mucushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervix#Cervical_mucushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_(childbirth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_(childbirth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-GeorgiaPhysiology-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gall-bladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gall-bladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resiliencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teethhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrotumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_hairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_folliclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_lininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervix#Cervical_mucushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_(childbirth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-GeorgiaPhysiology-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gall-bladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resiliencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teethhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen


11/15

Provide nerve function and healing by regulating myelin

Preventendometrial cancerby regulating effects of estrog

Androstenedione Theca cells Substrate forestrogen

Estrogens (mainly estradiol) Granulosa

cells

Structural:

Promote formation of female secondary sex characteristic

Accelerate heightgrowth

Accelerate metabolism(burn fat)

Reducemuscle mass

Stimulate endometrial growth

Increase uterine growth

Maintain blood vesselsand skin

Reducebone resorption, increase bone formation

Protein synthesis:

Increase hepatic production of binding proteins

Coagulation:

Increase circulating leveloffactors2, 7,9,10, antithrombinIII,plasminogen

Increase platelet adhesiveness

Increase HDL,triglyceride,height growth

Decrease LDL, fat deposition

Fluid balance:

Regulate salt (sodium) and water retention

Increase growth hormone

Increase cortisol,SHBG

Gastrointestinal tract:

Reduce bowel motility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstenedionehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vesselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vesselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_resorptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_resorptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithrombinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithrombinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasminogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHBGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHBGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstenedionehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vesselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_resorptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithrombinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasminogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHBG


12/15

Increase cholesterol in bile

Melanin:

Increase pheomelanin, reduceeumelanin

Cancer:

Support hormone-sensitivebreast cancers[9](Suppression

production in the body of estrogen is a treatment for these can

Lung function:

Promote lung function by supporting alveoli.[10]

InhibinGranulosa

cellsInhibit production ofFSHfrom anterior pituitary

[edit]Placenta (when pregnant)


Progesterone (Primarily)

Supportpregnancy[6]:

Inhibit immune response,

towards the fetus.

Decrease uterine smooth

musclecontractility[6]

Inhibit lactation

Inhibit onset oflabor.

Supportfetalproduction

ofadrenalmineralo- and

glucosteroids.

Other effects on mother similar to

ovarian follicle-progesterone

Estrogens (mainly Estriol)

(Also Primarily)

Effects on mother similar to ovarian

follicle estrogen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheomelaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eumelaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eumelaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hormone-sensitive&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=21http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_(childbirth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_(childbirth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estriolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheomelaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eumelaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hormone-sensitive&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_(childbirth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estriol


13/15

Human chorionic

gonadotropinHCG Syncytiotrophoblast

promote maintenance ofcorpus

luteum during beginning ofpregnancy

Inhibit immune response, towards

thehuman embryo.

Human placental lactogen HPL Syncytiotrophoblast

increase production ofinsulinandIGF-1

increaseinsulin

resistanceand carbohydrate intolerance

Inhibin Fetal Trophoblasts suppress FSH

[edit]Uterus (whenpregnant)


Prolactin PRL Decidual cells milk production in mammary glands

Relaxin Decidual cells Unclear in humans and animals

[edit]Calcium regulation

[edit]Parathyroid


Parathyroid PTH Parathyroid Calcium:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncytiotrophoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_placental_lactogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncytiotrophoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGF-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGF-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=22http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=23http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=23http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=24http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endocrine_caclcium_en.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endocrine_caclcium_en.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncytiotrophoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_placental_lactogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncytiotrophoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGF-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=23http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium


14/15

hormone chief cell

Stimulates Ca2+ release from bone,

thereby increasing blood Ca2+

Stimulates osteoclasts, thus breaking

down bone

Stimulates Ca2+ reabsorption in kidney

Stimulates activated vitamin

D production in kidney

Phosphate:

Stimulates PO3-4 release from bones,

thereby increasing blood PO3-4.

Inhibits PO3-4 reabsorption in kidney,

so more PO3-4 is excreted

Overall, small net drop in serum PO3-4.

[edit]Skin


Calcidiol(25-

hydroxyvitamin D3)Inactive form ofvitamin D3

[edit]Miscellaneous
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoclasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoclasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=25http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcidiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcidiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=26http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endocrine_miscelaneous_en.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoclasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcidiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=26


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[edit]Heart


Atrial-natriuretic

peptideANP

Cardiac

myocytes

Reduce blood pressure by:

reducing systemicvascular resistance,

reducing blood water, sodium andfats

Brain natriuretic

peptideBNP

Cardiac

myocytes

(To a lesser degree than ANP) reduceblood

pressure by:

reducing systemicvascular resistance,

reducing blood water, sodium andfats

[edit]Bone Marrow


Thrombopoietin liver and kidney cells stimulates megakaryocytes to produce platelets[3]

[edit]Adipose tissue


Leptin (Primarily) Adipocytesdecrease ofappetiteand increase

ofmetabolism.

Estrogens[11] (mainlyEstrone) Adipocytes
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=27http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial-natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial-natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_fatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_fatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_fatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_fatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=28http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombopoietinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateletshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-Kaushansky2006-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endocrine_miscelaneous_en.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial-natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial-natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_fatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_fatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombopoietinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateletshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-Kaushansky2006-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocrine_system&action=edit&section=29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocyte

Glands of the Endocrine System

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Transcript of Glands of the Endocrine System