GIS, Mash-Ups and Geographic Standards

GIS, Mash-Ups and Geographic Standards:

Appropriate Mapping and Analysis

Tools for Situation Rooms

Beate Stollberg

Joint Research Centre of the European Commission,

Institute for the Protection and the Security of the Citizen,

Global Security and Crisis Management Unit

ISCRAM Summer School 2011

Tilburg, 22.08.2011

GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 2

Overview

European Civil Protection

GIS

Geographic Standards

Mash-Ups

Summary and Conclusion



Data collection

(live media/web, own data)

Validation and processing

Presentation and dissemination

Advisory role

Situational awareness and political response

Crisis Management

Laboratory at JRC


The Monitoring and Information Centre (MIC)


Operated by the EC in Brussels

Heart of Community Mechanism for Civil Protection

Available 24/7, duty officers on shift

Any country (inside or outside the EU)

affected by a major disaster can launch a

request for assistance through the MIC


Map

Report

Communications hub

Information provision

Supports co-ordination

MIC during emergencies:


Lecture/Maps-Interesting/HAITI-GDACS_Situation_map_v3.pdf

Lecture/Maps-Interesting/20100112 Haiti Earthquake-FirstReport.pdf


Example Map



12.01.2010: Earthquake Haiti 30 maps

27.02.2010: Tsunami Chile 14 maps

14.04.2010: Volcano Iceland 1 map

20.05.2010: Flood Poland 3 maps

06.07.2010: Flood Moldova 1 map

03.08.2010: Flood Pakistan 42 maps

03.10.2010: Chemical Spill Hungary 5 maps

18.10.2010: Typhoon Megi Philippines 1 map

25.10.2010: Tsunami Sumatra 1 map

05.11.2010: Hurricane Tomas Haiti 3 maps

19.11.2010: Cholera Outbreak Haiti 5 maps

In 2010 Critech produced crisis maps during the

following 11 disaster events:



Finding

Event-specific geographic information

Places

Best available background maps

Spatial analysis

Mapping

Map images (“Screenshots” for briefing reports)

Detailed (printed) maps

Shared (digital) maps with real-time information

Collaborative mapping

Archiving Store data

Geo-Information related Requirements



Development of GIS (I)

1980s >> first commercial GIS vendors (e.g. ESRI)

>> complex closed applications

1994 >> Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) founded

>> development of common standards

2000s >> Interoperable Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)

GIS


2005 >> Google Earth

>> First time maps and satellite images

of the whole world were freely available

>> Mash-Ups

>> often including maps

>> User Generated Content (UGC)

>> often including location (cheap GPS devices)

>> Location Based Service (LBS)

GIS

Development of GIS (II)

WEB 2.0


A Geographic Information

System (GIS) is designed to

capture, store, manipulate,

analyze, manage and present

all types of geographically

referenced data.

In the simplest terms, GIS is

the merging of cartography,

statistical analysis, and

database technology.Data(base)

Processing

GIS


Mapping the real world

GIS

Figure from: http://giscommons.org


Modeling and analyzing the real world

GIS

Concept of

“Features”



GIS

Example: Point-in-Polygon Analysis (Even-Odd-Rule)

Odd number of intersections >> Point inside

Even number of intersections >> Point outside


GIS



GIS

Raster data

Grid-cell data structure

Location of a cell is identified by

row and column

Each cell (pixel) has an assigned

value

“Easy” creation from image data,

e.g. satellite images, scans

Resolution determined by pixel size

Efficient representation of dense data, e.g. elevation



GIS


Vector data

Features are presented by points,

lines and polygons

Each feature may have many

assigned values (attribute data)

“Complex” creation

Efficient representation of discrete data

Topology creation possible


GIS

Topology = Spatial Relationships

First law of geography:

“Everything is related to everything else, but near

things are more related than distant things.”

Distances between features

Adjacency of features

Connectivity of features


GIS

Set of topology rules

Each edge has two nodes

Each edge has an area on the left and right side of it

Each area is enclosed by edges and nodes

Each node is enclosed by edges and areas

Each line crossing is a node


GIS

Node Coordinates

1 (0,10)

2 (2,11)

3 (5,11)

4 (8,11)

5 (8,9)

6 (5,8)

7 (2,7)

8 (5,5)

9 (3,6)

Edge From-To

a 1-2

b 2-3

c 3-4

d 4-5

e 5-6

f 6-3

g 6-7

h 7-1

i 7-9

J 9-8

k 8-5

Area Edge-List

A a,b,f,g,h

B c,d,e,f

C g,e,k,j,i

Internal Storage

Edge Left-Right

a W-A

b X-A

c X-B

d Y-B

e C-B

f A-B

g C-A

h V-A

i C-V

J C-Z

k C-Y

GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011

GIS

Network Example


Commercial Solutions:

Autodesk

Bentley Systems

ERDAS IMAGINE

ESRI

Intergraph

MapInfo

Smallworld

…

Free Solutions:

uDig

gvSIG

OpenJUMP

Quantum GIS

GRASS GIS

SAGA GIS

…

GIS

GIS Software


GIS

OpenJUMP


GIS

>> OpenJUMP Demo

http://download.geofabrik.de/osm/

http://cegrp.cga.harvard.edu/haiti/?q=content/haiti-earthquake-gis-data

http://geocommons.com

http://www.cadplan.com.au/JumpPrinterV1.29.jar

http://openjump.org/index.html

OpenJUMP and Printer PlugIn:

Haiti Data:

http://download.geofabrik.de/osm/








http://geocommons.com/

http://www.cadplan.com.au/JumpPrinterV1.29.jar

http://openjump.org/index.html


GIS

ESRI ArcGIS


GIS


GIS

Creation of

custom

toolboxes and

models with the

ModelBuilder

Figure from: http://webhelp.esri.com


GIS

production of cartographic maps

analysis of big amounts of spatial data

GIS is a powerful tool for

storage of big amounts of spatial data


GIS

handling non-GIS formats like KML, GeoRSS

sharing geospatial data

… is not so good for

Web based interactive maps


Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)

> non-profit, international, voluntary consensus standards organization

Standards

Web Map Service (WMS) >> Visualization

Web Feature Service (WFS) >> Vector data access

Web Coverage Service (WCS) >> Raster data access

Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW) >> Search...

http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards

http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards


Standards

OGC Web Map Service

http://139.191.1.149/ArcGIS93/services/GDACS/gdacsEQ/

MapServer/WMSServer?REQUEST=GetMap&SERVICE=WMS

&VERSION=1.1.1&LAYERS=0&FORMAT=image/png

&TRANSPARENT=TRUE&STYLES=&SRS=EPSG:4326

&BBOX=-180,-90,180,90&WIDTH=800&HEIGHT=400

http://139.191.1.149/ArcGIS93/services/GDACS/gdacsEQ/

MapServer/WMSServer?REQUEST=GetCapabilities

GetCapabilities

GetMap

http://139.191.1.149/ArcGIS93/services/GDACS/gdacsEQ/MapServer/WMSServer?REQUEST=GetMap&SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.1&LAYERS=0&FORMAT=image/png&TRANSPARENT=TRUE&STYLES=&SRS=EPSG:4326&BBOX=-180,-90,180,90&WIDTH=800&HEIGHT=400


















http://139.191.1.149/ArcGIS93/services/GDACS/gdacsEQ/MapServer/WMSServer?REQUEST=GetCapabilities




…for storing, accessing and sharing distributed spatial

data in an Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Standardized interfaces like OGC WMS, WFS etc.

usually government-related,

e.g. NSDI in the US, INSPIRE in the EU

Spatial Data Infrastructure

Standards


Geoprocessing

>> Web Processing Service (WPS)

Sensor/real-time data integration

>> Sensor Web Enablement (SWE)

Current SDI topics

Standards


Mash-Ups

Example Report

(including map

screenshots)


Mash-Ups

Combining different web

applications or functions

Merging existent content

with additional information

Application Programming

Interfaces (APIs),

e.g. Google Maps API

Mash-Up:

Easy integration of “Web 2.0 data”,

e.g. KML, GeoRSS

Easy access to base map data,

e.g. Google, Bing, OpenStreetMap


JRC Web Map Viewer

Web-based, client-side solution supported in all browsers

No need to install software

http://dma.jrc.it/map




JRC Web Map Viewer

Add a base map layer

Add overlays

Add external GEORSS file

Add external KML file

Load WMS images

Load Base Maps

Overlay GeoRSS, KML, WMS


JRC Web Map Viewer

What’s near? – Analysis

Measuring

Save Map

Geocoding functionality

Save Map (URL) without

Header/Footer/Controls for

integration in own website


Finding

Event-specific geographic information

Places

Best available background maps

Spatial analysis

Mapping

Map images (“Screenshots” for briefing reports)

Detailed (printed) maps

Shared (digital) maps with real-time information

Collaborative mapping

Archiving Store data

Geo-Information related Requirements

Mash-Up

Mash-Up

Mash-Up

GIS

Mash-Up

GIS

SDI

Mash-Up

Mash-Up SDI


GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011

SDI

42

Most complete solution for situation rooms



Links

MIC

http://ec.europa.eu/echo/civil_protection/civil/prote/mic.htm

GDACS

http://www.gdacs.org/

JRC Web Map Viewer

http://dma.jrc.it/map/

OpenJUMP

http://openjump.org/

Geo-Data Sharing

http://geocommons.com

OGC

http://www.opengeospatial.org/

[email protected]

http://ec.europa.eu/echo/civil_protection/civil/prote/mic.htm

http://www.gdacs.org/

http://dma.jrc.it/map/

http://openjump.org/

http://geocommons.com/

http://www.opengeospatial.org/

mailto:[email protected]


OpenStreetMap

Ushahidi

Disaster Data Sources:

GeoCommons

Google

Links

GIS, Mash-Ups and Geographic Standards

Technology

Transcript of GIS, Mash-Ups and Geographic Standards