GIS in a NutshellGIS in a Nutshellwith ArcGIS 10.2with ArcGIS 10.2

www.udel.edu/giswww.udel.edu/gis

What is GIS Definition

– GIS = Geographic Information Systems: system used to create, store, edit, analyze, format, and deliver data related to geographic location

• Systems = hardware, software, methods

What is GIS Ad Hoc

• Data with “geographic component”

What is GIS Formal

• … in geographic context

What is GIS? Layers

What is GIS Geographic Reference

• Geographic Referencing (“Georeferencing”) of information by geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude)

• Unprojected coordinates are usually in decimal degrees like 39.679167, -75.758056

• Projected coordinates are expressed in relation to a flat plane, in familiar distance units like 18S 434990 meters 4392423 meters

What is GIS? Primary Data Types

Vector• Store x,y coordinates to

represent locations and boundaries of map features

• Point (x,y), line [(x,y),(x,y), … ], polygon [(x,y),(x,y), … ]

Raster• In a grid, cell values

represent the dominant characteristic of that cell

Lines

Polygons

Points

What is GIS Common Data formats

• Shapefile (.shp, shx., .dbf, .prj)• File geodatabase (.gdb)• Personal geodatabase (.mdb)• Various imagery files (.img, .tif, .sid, .jp2, .asc,

.hdr, GRID (directory))

• Common generic geographic data formats (.csv, .xls, .txt (tab-delimited), etc., or non-georeferenced images)

• Map Document IS NOT DATA (.mxd)

Reference

What is GIS? Examples

What is GIS? Examples

Thematic

What is GIS? Examples

Charts

What is GIS? Examples

Web/Interactive

What is GIS? Examples

3D

What is GIS? Examples

Animation

What is GIS? Examples

Networks and Movement

What is GIS? Examples

Imagery/Remote Sensing

What is GIS? Examples

Volumetric

What is GIS? Examples

Proximity

What is GIS? Examples

Tables and Reports

ArcGIS Introduction

– ArcGIS is the most popular GIS software in the world– It is a powerful suite of tools, which satisfies the

largest variety of use cases– It is a propriety software developed by Esri, and

licensed to UD, other software available

What is GIS Activity• How do you envision GIS being used in

your job area (department, center, field)?

ArcGIS Software

ArcMap ArcCatalog

ArcGIS ArcMap Startup

ArcGIS ArcMap Data FrameMenu Bar

Standard Toolbar

Tools Toolbar

Table of Contents/Data Sources/Selection/ Visibility Pane

(Right Click) Context Menu

Data Frame/Layout Toggle

Editor Toolbar

ArcGIS ArcMap Table of Contents PaneToggle Table of Contents/Data Sources/Selection/ Visibility Pane

Turn layersOn/off withcheckbox

Change layerDrawing orderBy moving up/down

ArcGIS ArcMap Toolbars

ArcGIS ArcMap Attribute Table

ArcGIS Add Data

• You can add pre-map web basemaps from this button, before you browse to local data

• “ Connect To Folder” to connect to data outside of home directory. After you’ve entered the Add Data dialog, you must click the Connect To Folder button to browse to that location

• Download and extract the data from http://www.udel.edu/002013

• Open • Add all data layers to map• Rename “us_counties” to “Counties”• Explore Counties map layer attribute table

ArcGIS Activity

ArcGIS Symbology

ArcGIS ArcMap Layout FrameInsert Menu Layout Toolbar

Layout Frame

Data/LayoutToggle

ArcGIS Export Image, Print, and Saving• You can “Export Map” to an image file or

“Print” from the File menu.

• You can save the map document, which contains pointers to your data and your map styles, by selecting “Save” from the File menu. If your system changes your data may not be located.

ArcGIS Activity• Change symbology of Counties layer to

show ratio of Female (Value) to Male (Normalization) population.

• Switch to the layout frame. Experiment with adding map elements (you may want to try a title or a legend, for instance).

• Export the map as a graphic. .png is best. • Save work.• If you have extra time, try experimenting

with different symbologies and improving your layout

ArcGIS Identify

ArcGIS Selection Tools

•Indicate which layers you want to be able to select features from interactively by viewing TOC as List by Selection•Toggle layers as Selectable or Not Selectable by clicking•Displays selectable layers and number of features selected (in this example, zero for all layers)

ArcGIS Setting Selectable Layers

ArcGIS Calculating Statistics

ArcGIS Activity• Select by Attribute, from Counties, name =

‘New Castle’• Select by Location, select where

intersecting selection (New Castle)• Find statistics of selection (counties

intersecting New Castle)• If you have extra time, try this activity on a

county that interests you and compare the results

ArcGIS Join• Add your non-GIS data file. It might be saved

as a spreadsheet file• Right-click on the GIS layer with a common

location field as the non-GIS (e.g., state name) from data Joins and Relates, Join.

• Select the common fields from the Join dialog• Now that the data is joined, you can change

the symbology to switch to one of your new fields

ArcGIS Export Data

•You can select a feature or a set of features to export only those to a new shapefile/layer• Export data from the Data contextual menu on the layer of interest

ArcGIS Activity• Remove all layers• Add a basemap from the Add Layers button• Add non-georeferenced location-based data

(westNile.csv) to the map• Add a related GIS layer to the map• Do a standard join• Export as a new shapefile• If you have extra time, try with your own data

from the web or try an improved layout to print or export

ArcGIS Gotchas• The map document (.mxd) file does not contain your data! It just

references it• A shapefile is really a collection of files that must be kept together• Make a new folder for every new project. Keep all map documents and

data in this directory. This is a good way to stay organized and ArcGIS’s internal shortcuts will be automatically relevant.

• Create a file geodatabase in the project folder. Make this the default geodatabase for this map document and all subsequent for the project. Otherwise your new layers will be written to Default.gdb which gets cluttered and data may be lost on a shared system

• Do not use spaces or other special characters (except the underscore character) when naming any file or folder. I recommend you use lower-case letters, digits and the underscore character only!

• Under File--Map Document properties, check the "Store Relative Pathnames" box. Then when you end a work session, you can "save" the state of your session as a Map Document (MXD) file on your USB drive.

• New data frame automatically matches first layer subsequent layers usually reprojected

In part, from http://www.udel.edu/johnmack/apec480/480lab1.html

Review Activity• Real-world examples of vector data? • Real-world examples of raster data?• Example of how you would use the Select by

Attributes tool to solve a problem• Example of how you would use the Select by

Location tool to solve a problem• Do you have data that you’d like to view in a

map that isn’t GIS data?• How could the statistics tool be used to solve

a problem?

To learn more

• Tooltips• ArcGIS Help menu• www.udel.edu/gis/learn

– Esri Virtual Campus

• http://resources.arcgis.com/

Questions?

• www.udel.edu/gis• consult@udel.edu

thanks to FEMA for allowing us to reuse some slide content