GIS as modeling toolHelena Mitasova

Dept. of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, NCSU, Raleigh

http://www.skagit.meas.ncsu.edu/~helena/

H. Mitasova

US Dept. of Labor identified geotechnology as one of the three most important emerging and evolving fields, along

with nanotechnology and biotechnology." Nature, vol. 427, Jan. 2004, p. 376.

New trends* Revolution in mapping technologies (laser scanning, multispectral imagery...)

* Automated monitoring stations: meteorology, oceanography, surface water (Rivernet, USGS, DOT), groundwater, etc.

* On-line distribution of data, near real time data availability, WebGIS

* Multidimensional dynamic GIS: replacement of 2D static representation of landscape by a 3D dynamic representation;

GIS technology and landscape processes

Monitoringmodern mapping technologies – LIDAR, IFSARE,multispectral imagery, RTK-GPS, automated sensors

Analysis and risk assessment integration of data from multiple sources, spatial analysis, visualization : identifying the problem areas, trends, risks

Prediction of impactsspatially distributed numerical modeling, simulations

Planning and decision support information and tools for management of natural and socio-economic resources

H. Mitasova

Jockey's Ridge State Park

H. Mitasova

Established in 1975 to save the dunes, it was believed to be stable.It is now completely surrounded by development and it migrates faster than expected, threatening nearby homes and roads

Challenge: keep the naturally migrating dune within the park

2003 view from NE

Jockey's Ridge evolution

N

H. Mitasova

A D1974 (brown) 1995 (yellow)

1995 (yellow) 1999 (red)

1974 and 1995 photogrammetric data courtesy Dr. Overton, NCSU1999 ATM lidar: USGS/NASA/NOAA

migration rate: 3m/y

migration rate: 7m/y

Jockey’s Ridge:

1998 DOQQ, 1999 LIDAR, 2002 RTK-GPS

H. Mitasova

1. East ridge needs immediate attention as it is moving fast towards the road 2. The fences in Central section work as elevation there increases3. Main ridge is rapidly flattening and moves fast SW

sand

pavement

vegetation

Jockey’s Ridge evolution: natural + man-made

N

H. Mitasova

C2000 2002 2003

winter 2003

“Nature tries to shift OB but man keeps shoveling it back” Cornelia Dean, NYT Sept. 22

Dune rolled overminigolf

Development of SW Centennial Campus

1993

construction future

Combining the GISand CAD data to create digital modelsof the current and future landscapes

2001

Pre-development 1993 overland flow and location of sediment control structures

constructed wetland

check dams

detention area

future school location

previously a NCSU farm

Overland flow and net erosion/deposition

main impact of disturbance is outside construction site: stream erosion within protective buffer

discharge m3/s

erosion

deposition

/m2s0.002m3/s

0.001kg/ms erosion=87kg/s

0.7m3/s

0.01-6.0kg/ms erosion=968kg/s

Overland flow and net erosion/depositionimpact of disturbance caused by concentratedwater flow that is not sufficiently reduced by the buffer, maximum erosion rates arewithin the protective buffer

Discharge m3/s

Erosion

deposition

/m2s

Extended, high infiltration buffers can reduce the impact

Erosion 142kg/scompared to 968kg/s

Tangible GISMIT media Laboratory

Tangible GISMIT media laboratory