GIS APPLICATION IN...GIS APPLICATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT By Ammar, Hussain T. ... CONTENT...
Transcript of GIS APPLICATION IN...GIS APPLICATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT By Ammar, Hussain T. ... CONTENT...
GIS APPLICATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
By
Ammar, Hussain T.
Civil Engineer
CONTENT
• Introduction
• Need for GIS
• Goal
• SWM Functional Elements – Waste Storage
– Waste Collection
– Waste Disposal
• conclusion
INTRODUCTION
• SW generated from begin of humanity (natural)
• Urbanization, increase population, new technology
increase waste generation rate & types
• SWM integral part of public health and environmental control
• Improper SWM leads to both economic & environmental suffering
• Uncollected garbage leads to bad odor, growth and spread of disease, reduce market value of the area.
• SW problems not only because of increase in generation, but also improper management. One of the major management issue in SWM is data management.
NEED FOR GIS
• factors related to solid waste management have a spatial component as well as non-spatial data.
• data and records are often lie in isolated form, difficult to assess system functionality and efficiency.
• Need to manage the data in an integrated form to reduce complexity and to solve problems to various interrelated issues.
• because of layers property of GIS there is least chance of confusion and error.
GOALS
• To demonstrate the aid of GIS in the field of SWM.
– As a decision support system
– To solve SWM problems
– To reduce workload
– To save cost and time
– To max. serviceability and profit generation
FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SWM
• Waste Generation
• Waste storage, handling, separation, processing at source
• Waste Collection &
Transfer/Transport, waste separation, processing, and transformation.
• Waste Disposal
WASTE STORAGE
• waste is stored in waste bins located in both sides of streets next to buildings.
• Direct impact on public health.
• Common problems:
– Garbage are not lifted in regular intervals
– Waste bins are not cleaned in regular bases.
– Improper waste bin allocation • Open dumps sensitive area
CASE STUDY, INDIA
• Make sure that all residents have a waste bin close to them (no open dumps)
• Relocation of waste bins located in sensitive areas, e.g. close to hospital or river
• Allocation of recyclable waste bins, next to waste bin
RELOCATION OF IMPROPER PLACED WASTE BINS
RECYCLE WASTE BINS ALLOCATION
WASTE COLLECTION
• Complex and difficult, has about 50-70% portion of the total cost for SWM
• Small change in collection practice, could results in big saving
• Common problems:
– No routs planning/(optimization)
– No scheduling of job, and documentation
WM, INC • Provides collection service for 48 states, District of
Columbia, Canada, Puerto Rico.
• 26,000 collection vehicle
• 80 million tons of SW/year
• Serving 20 million customer
• Applies GIS in 2003, and uses Network Analyst Extension + rout smart to optimize its routs and collection system
• Total routs =10 • Total hours = 9 x 10 = 90 • Avg. Yards/h = 57.06
• Total routs =9 • Total hours = 8 x 9 = 72 • Avg. Yards/h = 63.41
• in 2003, a net effect of 984 fewer routs ,
saving of $18,000,000
OTHER ADVANTAGES
• Optimize fuel efficiency
• Helping setouts by identifying their location on map
• With GPS –tracking of collection vehicle (offline)
• With routs shown in GIS marketing department can easily target new customers in same routs
• Fewer track in the road, reduce noise and emission
WASTE DISPOSAL
• Residual waste after all possible processing and transformation should be properly disposed
• Open dumps cause threat to environment
• Thus, waste should be disposed in managed landfill
• Landfilling is the process of waste disposing, it starts with the problem of locating a landfill
CONSTRAINTS
• Should have a slope lower than 40% degree
• Should be kept more than 300m away from streams
• Must be more than 155m from developed area
• Must be kept more than 60m away from faults
• Should be kept more than 60m away from water body
• Must be kept more than 150m away from residence
• Must be kept more than 3000m away from Hospitals
GIS INTERFACE
• Developed by
Ottawa University
TWO DIFFERENT MODELS
BOOLEAN MODEL
INDEX OVERLAY MODEL
0.8 0.1
Conclusion
• GIS helps as a decision support system for sitting a landfill and allocating waste and recycle bins.
• Also helps in rout planning and optimizing collection system which reduce workload and save time as well as cost.
• Company crew could response in better time.
THANKS
Q & A