gingival esthetics in periodontics
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PERIODONTAL CONSIDERATIONS
IN
K. PRUDHVI, I STMDS
DEPARTMENT OF PERIODONTICS
GITAM DENTAL COLLEGE
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Introduction
A beautiful smile is an added asset to a
beautiful face.
Esthetic demands of patients are increasing and
esthetics has become an inevitable part of
dentistry.
Key to successful results in esthetic dentistry
lies in a saying by Dawson (1995) “if you know
where you are and you know where you want to
go, getting there is easy”.
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Facial Aspects
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Dentofacial Aspects
Dental Aspects
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Dentogingival components
Goldstein (2000 ) noted a number of dentogingival elements for consideration into general patient esthetic evaluation.
• Dental midline• Occlusal plane• Incisal edge
curvature• Contact points • Incisal embrasures• Axial inclination
DENTAL
• Gingival line • Gingival height of
contour • Gingival
embrasures
GINGIVAL
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Periodontal Parameters For Esthetic Smile
Gingival health
Gingival health is the basic pre-requisite for
an esthetic gingival morphology.
Inflammation produce changes in color and
surface texture of the gingiva. Therefore
proper assessment of gingival esthetics can
only be performed under inflammation free
periodontal conditions.
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Gingival Contours
The contour of the gingival margins of the six
maxillary anterior teeth plays an important role
in smile esthetics and is determined by the
following features
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The contour of the gingival margins must
coincide with the CEJs of the teeth.
The maxillary gingival margin should run
parallel to the incisal edges of the teeth and
parallel to the lower lip line when the
individual is smiling.
The gingival esthetic line:- Ahmad 1998 is
the line connecting zeniths of the central
incisors and canines which intersects the
dental midline This line will be harmonious
with the upper lip which should just cover
1mm of the margin during full smile. This
ranges from 2mm to - 2mm.
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Sylvain and Charruel et al
Chinche and Pinault
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The gingival level of the maxillary left and right lateral incisors are situated below the level of the central incisors and the canines.
The gingival level of the maxillary left and right lateral incisors are at the same level as the central incisors and the canines.
The gingival level of the maxillary left lateral incisors is at a lower level compared to the right lateral incisors.
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The gingival levels of the maxillary lateral incisors are above the level of the central incisors and canines.
The gingival levels of the maxillary canines are at a higher level than the central incisors. However, the lateral incisors are at a much higher level than the gingival margins of the central incisors and canines.
Unequal gingival levels of the maxillary central incisors.
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Gingival Zenith
Defined as the apex of gingival height of contour.
It influence the emergence profile and axial inclination of the teeth by modifying the line angle position of the long axis of the emergence of the crown from the gingiva
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Carolina et al
Stephen et al
1 mm 0.4mm COINCIDED
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Gingiva papilla And Gingival Embrasures
The contact point between the central incisors is in the most incisal position compared with the contact point between other teeth. The interdental spaces appear narrower on the right than on the left causing a difference in the papillary height between the two sides.
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Gingival Display
The degree of gingival exposure ideally should be only 1-3 mm above the cervical area of the tooth (Kokich,1999). An expanse of soft tissue should not be considered to be unaesthetic per se, but the way this soft tissue is arranged relative to the teeth and lips is of an esthetic concern. During an extensive smile, the upper lip should rest at the level of the mid facial gingival margins of the maxillary anterior teeth.
TZANAHAetal
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Gingival Color
The color of the gingiva plays an important
role in overall esthetics.
As seen clinically, it varies from person to
person, in different areas of the mouth and
appears to be correlated with the color of the
skin.
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According to Dummett (1959), color of the
healthy gingiva is variable, ranging from pale
pink to deep bluish purple. Between these
limits of normalcy are a large number of colors,
which depend primarily upon
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Degree of pigmentation of the gingiva and skin is reciprocally related .
The highest rate of gingival pigmentation has been observed in the area of the incisors with a decrease in the posterior areas.
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CONCLUSION
Appearance of the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth and their relation ship with lips plays an important role in the esthetics of the maxillary anterior region of the mouth.
Knowledge of normal is essential pre requisite for diagnosis of abnormal. Therefore, an understanding of the ideal gingival characteristics has critical importance for the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment in the anterior dentition.
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